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Wikipedia

Poet laureate

February 15, 2024

A poet laureate (plural: poets laureate)[1][2][3] is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) of Arezzo were the first to be crowned poets laureate after the classical age, respectively in 1315 and 1342.[4] In Britain, the term dates from the appointment of Bernard André by Henry VII of England. The royal office of Poet Laureate in England dates from the appointment of John Dryden in 1668.

A depiction of Torquato Tasso from a German encyclopedia, 1905. Note the laurel crown.

In modern times a poet laureate title may be conferred by an organization such as the Poetry Foundation, which designates a Young People's Poet Laureate, unconnected with the National Youth Poet Laureate and the United States Poet Laureate.[5]

The office is also popular with regional and community groups. Examples include the Pikes Peak Poet Laureate,[6] which is designated by a "Presenting Partners" group from within the community, the Minnesota poet laureate chosen by the League of Minnesota Poets (est. 1934),[7] the Northampton Poet Laureate[8] chosen by the Northampton Arts Council,[9] and the Martha's Vineyard Poet Laureate chosen by ten judges representing the Martha's Vineyard Poetry Society.

Over a dozen national governments continue the poet laureate tradition.

Background edit

In ancient Greece, the laurel was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes. The custom derives from the ancient myth of Daphne and Apollo (Daphne signifying "laurel" in Greek), and was revived in Padua for Albertino Mussato,[10] followed by Petrarch's own crowning ceremony in the audience hall of the medieval senatorial palazzo on the Campidoglio on April 8, 1341.[11] Because the Renaissance figures who were attempting to revive the Classical tradition lacked detailed knowledge of the Roman precedent they were attempting to emulate, these ceremonies took on the character of doctoral candidatures.[12]

Since the office of poet laureate has become widely adopted, the term "laureate" has come to signify recognition for preeminence or superlative achievement (cf. Nobel laureate). A royal degree in rhetoric, poet laureate was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages. The term therefore may refer to the holder of such a degree, which recognized skill in rhetoric, grammar, and language.

By country edit

Australia edit

On 30 January 2023, at the launch of 'Revive', Australia's new cultural policy, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced “the establishment of a poet laureate for Australia”.[13] Before 2023, Australia had not had an official poet laureate scheme, despite past suggestions.[14][15] In 1818, former convict Michael Massey Robinson was paid by colony governor Lachlan Macquarie for services as poet laureate.[16] Over the years, other poets have been nominated as worthy of such a title, including James Brunton Stephens (1835–1902),[17] Andrew Barton 'Banjo' Paterson (1864–1941),[18] and Les Murray (1938–2019).[19]

Barbados edit

The first Poet Laureate of Barbados was chosen in 2018. Her name is Esther Phillips.[20][21]

Belgium edit

The first Poet Laureate of Belgium, Charles Ducal, was chosen in 2014.[22][23] He was followed by Laurence Vielle,[22] Els Moors,[22] Carl Norac,[24] and Mustafa Kör.[24]

Canada edit

 
Toronto's Poet Laureate George Elliott Clarke who later became Parliamentary Poet Laureate of Canada
Main article: Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate

The Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate is appointed as an officer of the Library of Parliament. The position alternates between an English and French speaking laureate. Candidates must be able to write in both English and French, have a substantial publication history (including poetry) displaying literary excellence and have written work reflecting Canada, among other criteria.[25]

Poets who have served in the position include:

Provincial and municipal poets laureate edit

Main article: List of Canadian Provincial Poets Laureate

Currently, only the provinces of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan and Yukon have appointed a poet laureate.

Alberta edit
Main article: Municipal Poets Laureate in Alberta, Canada
Cities edit
British Columbia edit
Main article: Municipal Poets Laureate in British Columbia, Canada
Cities edit
  • Comox Valley has had three poets laureate: Lawrence J.W. Cooper (2019-2021), Natalie Nickerson (2017-2019), and Kevin Flesher (2015-2017).[38]
  • The Poets Laureate of Nanaimo include Kamal Parmar (2021-2023), Tina Biello (2017 – 2020), and Naomi Beth Wakan (2013 – 2016).[39]
  • New Westminster's Poets Laureate are Elliott Slinn (2021–present), Alan Hill (2017 – 2020), Candice James (2010 – 2016), Don Benson (1999 – 2007), and Edna Anderson (1998 – 1999) [40]
  • Surrey has had one poet laureate, Renée Sarojini Saklikar (2015 – 2018)[41]
  • Tofino's poets laureate are Christine Lowther (2020-2022) and Joanna Streetly (2018 – 2020)[42]
  • Vancouver's poets laureate are Fiona Tinwei Lam (2021–present), Miss Christie Lee (Christie Charles) (2018-2021), Rachel Rose (2014 – 2017), Evelyn Lau (2011 – 2014), Brad Cran (2009 – 2011), and George McWhirter (2007 – 2009).[43]
  • Victoria's poets laureate are John Barton (2019 – 2022), Yvonne Blomer (2015 – 2018), Janet Marie Rogers (2012 – 2014), Linda Rogers (2009 – 2011), and Carla Funk (2006 – 2008).[44]
Manitoba edit
Cities edit
New Brunswick edit
Cities edit
  • Fredericton's Poets Laureate are Jordan Trethewey (2021–present), Jenna Lyn Albert (2019 – 2021) and Ian Letourneau (2016 – 2018).
  • Moncton's poets laureate or Poets Flyé-es are Kayla Geitzler (English) and Jean-Philippe Raîche (French) (2019 – Present) [46]
  • Sackville's poets laureate are Laura K. Watson (2021–present)[47] Shoshanna Wingate (2019 – 2021), Marilyn Lerch (2013 – 2017), and Douglas Lochhead (2002 – 2011).[48]
Newfoundland and Labrador edit
Cities edit
Nova Scotia edit
Cities edit
Main article: Poet Laureate of Halifax, Nova Scotia
  • Halifax poets laureate are Dr. Afua Cooper (2018 – 2020), Rebecca Thomas (2016 – 2018), El Jones (2013 – 2015), Tanya Davis (2011 – 2012), Shauntay Grant (2009 – 2011), Lorri Neilsen Glenn (2005 – 2009), and Sue MacLeod (2001 – 2005).[52]
Ontario edit
Main article: Poet Laureate of Ontario
Cities edit
Main article: Municipal Poets Laureate in Ontario, Canada
  • The city of Barrie has had two poets laureate Victoria Butler (2018 – present) and Damian Lopes (2014 – present) [54]
  • The city of Brantford named John B. Lee poet laureate in perpetuity in 2005.[55]
  • The town of Cobalt named Ann Margetson poet laureate [56]
  • Cobourg's poets laureate are Jessica Outram (2019 – 2022), Ted Amsden (2011 – 2018), Jill Battson (2009 – 2011), and Eric Winter (1997 – 2009) [57]
  • Dufferin County's poets laureate is Harry Posner (2017–present) [58]
  • Emery: Laurence Hutchman (2018 – present) [59]
  • Kingston's poets laureate are Jason Heroux (2019 – present), Helen Humphreys (2015 – 2019), and Eric Folsom (2011 – 2015).[60]
  • London's poets laureate are Tom Cull (2016 – present), and Penn Kemp (2011 – 2013)[61][62]
  • Mississauga's poets laureate are Ayomide Bayowa (2021-2024), Paul Edward Costa (2019 – 2021), Wali Shah (2017 – 2019), and Anna Yin (2015 – 2017).[63]
  • In Norfolk County John B. Lee was appointed in 2011.[55]
  • Ottawa's poets laureate are Albert Dumont (Anglophone) (2021-2022) and Gilles Latour (Francophone) (2021-2022), Margaret Michèle Cook (Francophone) and Diana Young (Anglophone) (2019 – 2021), Andrée Lacelle (Francophone) and Jamaal Jackson Rogers (Anglophone) (2017 – 2019).[64]
  • Owen Sound's poets laureate are Richard-Yves Sitoski (2019 – 2022), Lauren Best (2017-2019), Rob Rolfe & Larry Jensen (2015 – 2017), Terry Burns (2013 – 2014), Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm (2011 – 2012), Kristan Anderson (2008 – 2010), Liz Zetlin (2007 – 2008).[65]
  • Greater Sudbury's poets laureate are Kyla Heming (2022–present), Vera Constantineau (2020-2022), Chloé LaDuchesse (2018 – 2020), Kim Fahner (2016 – 2018), Thomas Leduc (2014 – 2015), Daniel Aubin (2012 – 2013), and Roger Nash (2010 – 2011) [66][67]
  • The Poet Laureate of Toronto program was established in 2001, naming Dennis Lee as the first poet laureate.[68] Successors include: A. F. Moritz (2019 – 2022), Anne Michaels (2016 – 2019), George Elliott Clarke (2012 – 2015), Dionne Brand (2009 – 2012), and Pier Giorgio Di Cicco (2004 – 2009).[68]
  • The city of Windsor poets laureate are Mary Ann Mulhern (2019 – 2022), Marty Gervais (2011 – 2019), Vanessa Shields (April 2022- September 2022), and Peter Hrastovec (2023 - 2027).[69]
  • The city of Woodstock posthumously named Barry C. Butson poet laureate emeritus.[70]
Prince Edward Island edit

Prince Edward Island appointed its first poet laureate, John Smith, in 2003.[71][72][73]

  • Julie Pellissier-Lush (2019–present)
  • Deirdre Kessler (2016-2019)
  • Diane Hicks Morrow (2013-2016)
  • Hugh MacDonald (2009-2013)
  • David Helwig (2008-2009)
  • Frank Ledwell (2004-2007)
  • John Smith (2002-2004)
Saskatchewan edit

Saskatchewan appointed its first poet laureate, Glen Sorestad, in 2000.[74]

  • Carol Rose GoldenEagle (2021–present)
  • Bruce Rice (2019 - 2021)
  • Brenda Schmidt (2017 - 2018)
  • Gerry Hill (2016 - 2017)
  • Judith Krause (2014 - 2015)
  • Don Kerr (2011 - 2013)
  • Robert Currie (2007 - 2010)
  • Louise B. Halfe (Sky Dancer) (2005 - 2006)
  • Glen Sorestad (2000 - 2004)
Yukon edit

Inaugural Yukon Provincial Poet Laureate PJ Yukon has held the office since 1994.[75][74]

The Commissioner of Yukon established the Story Laureate of Yukon role in 2020.[76] The inaugural position was held by Michael Gates.

Dominican Republic edit

Poets Laureate of Dominican Republic include: Pedro Mir (1984).

Ethiopia edit

 
Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin of Ethiopia

Officially designated Laureate includes Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin. Tsegaye's award was granted by His Majesty, Haile-Selasie II.[77]

Germany edit

Poets Laureate of Nazi Germany include: Hanns Johst from 1935 to 1946.

Rajvinder Singh [de] was declared the Stadtschreiber of three different cities in Germany: Rheinsberg in 1999,[78] Remscheid in 2004,[78] and Trier in 2007.[78][79][80][81][82][83]

Holy See edit

Main article: Papal poet laureate

Popes have several times named poets laureate, but the practice has been irregular.

India edit

Andhra Pradesh edit

Saanvi Sharma was the first poet laureate of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Tamil Nadu edit

Kannadasan was the poet laureate of Tamil Nadu at the time of his death.

Iran edit

 
Mohammad-Taqi Bahar poet laureate of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.

Malek o-Sho'arā Bahār was the poet laureate of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. He was born in Mashhad in 1884 (died 1951) and was a conservative figure among the modernists.

Ireland edit

The Kingdom of Ireland had a poet laureate; the last holder of the title was Robert Jephson, who died in 1803.[84]

The closest modern equivalent in the Republic of Ireland is the title Saoi ["wise one"] held by up to seven members at a time of Aosdána, an official body of those engaged in fine arts, literature, and music. Poets awarded the title include Máire Mhac an tSaoi, Anthony Cronin, and Seamus Heaney.

Jamaica edit

Thomas MacDermot was the first poet laureate of Jamaica during colonial times, followed by Je Clare McFarlane.[85] Mervyn Morris was the first poet laureate of Jamaica upon its independence, from 2014 to 2017, followed by Lorna Goodison from 2017 to 2020.[85] The poet laureate of Jamaica for 2021 to 2024 is Olive Senior.[86]

Netherlands edit

Main article: Dichter des Vaderlands

The unofficial Poet Laureate of Netherlands is Tsead Bruinja as Dichter des Vaderlands (Poet of the Fatherland). The previous laureate was Ester Naomi Perquin. Gerrit Komrij was the first Dichter des Vaderlands. The title was created by Dutch media.[citation needed]

New Zealand edit

Main article: New Zealand Poet Laureate

New Zealand has had an official poet laureate since 1998. Originally sponsored by Te Mata vineyards and known as the Te Mata Estate Poet Laureate, the award is now administered by the National Library of New Zealand and the holder is called New Zealand Poet Laureate. The term of office is two years. The symbol of office is a Tokotoko, a carved wooden ceremonial orator's staff.

The first holder was Bill Manhire, in 1998–99, then Hone Tuwhare (2000–01), Elizabeth Smither (2002–03), Brian Turner (2004–05), Jenny Bornholdt (2006–07), Michele Leggott (2008–09), Cilla McQueen (2009–11), Ian Wedde (2011–13), Vincent O'Sullivan (2013–15), C. K. Stead (2015–2017), Selina Tusitala Marsh (2017-2019), David Eggleton (2019-2021) and Chris Tse (2022-2024).[87][88][89][90]

Nigeria edit

Poets Laureate of Nigeria include: Obo Aba Hisanjani.[citation needed]

North Korea edit

Beginning around 1994, North Korea had 6 active poets laureate who worked in the epic genre.[91] Epic poetry was the chief vehicle of political propaganda during the rule of Kim Jong-il, and the poets worked according to the requests and needs of Kim Jong-il.[91] Some of the poets are Jang Jin-sung (pseudonym), Kim Man-young and Shin Byung-gang.[91]

Saint Lucia edit

 
Derek Walcott of Saint Lucia

Poets Laureate of Saint Lucia include: Derek Walcott.[citation needed]

Serbia edit

Sierra Leone edit

Poets laureate of Sierra Leone include the Italian authors Roberto Malini and Dario Picciau.[96]

Somalia edit

 
Hadrawi of Somalia

Poets laureate of Somalia include: Hadraawi.

Turkey edit

Mehmet Akif Ersoy was the Poet-Laureate, born in 1873 and died on December 27, 1936, famous Turkish poet. He composed the poem to be the National Anthem of the Turkish Republic that written in 1921. Original name of the poem is "İstiklal Marşı"

United Kingdom edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom

England edit

 
Portrait of Geoffrey Chaucer of England

In England, the term "poet laureate" is restricted to the official office of Poet Laureate, attached to the royal household. However, no authoritative historical record exists of the office of Poet Laureate of England.

The office developed from earlier practice when minstrels and versifiers were members of the king's retinue. Richard Cœur-de-Lion had a versificator regis (English: king's poet), Gulielmus Peregrinus (William the Pilgrim), and Henry III had a versificator named Master Henry. In the fifteenth century, John Kay, a versifier, described himself as Edward IV's "humble poet laureate".

According to Wharton,[citation needed] King Henry I paid 10 shillings a year to a versificator regis. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340–1400) was called Poet Laureate, being granted in 1389 an annual allowance of wine. W. Hamilton describes Chaucer, Gower, Kay, Andrew Bernard, John Skelton, Robert Whittington, Richard Edwards and Samuel Daniel as "volunteer Laureates".

John Skelton studied at the University of Oxford in the early 1480s and was advanced to the degree of "poet laureate" in 1488, when he joined the court of King Henry VII to tutor the future Henry VIII. The title of laureate was also conferred on him by the University of Louvain in 1492 and by the University of Cambridge in 1492–3.[citation needed] He soon became famous for his rhetoric, satire and translations and was held in high esteem by the printer William Caxton, who wrote, in the preface to The Boke of Eneydos compyled by Vargyle (Modern English: The Book of the Aeneid, compiled by Virgil) (1490):

But I pray mayster John Skelton, late created poete laureate in the unyversite of Oxenforde, to oversee and correct this sayd booke.

The academic use of the term laureate became associated again with royalty when King James I created a pension for Ben Jonson in 1617, although there is no formal record extant. He was succeeded by William Davenant.

The royal office Poet Laureate was officially conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1668, after Davenant's death, and the post became a regular institution. Dryden's successor Shadwell originated annual birthday and New Year odes. The poet laureate became responsible for writing and presenting official verses to commemorate both personal occasions, such as the monarch's birthday or royal births and marriages, and public occasions, such as coronations and military victories. His activity in this respect varied according to circumstances, and the custom ceased to be obligatory after Pye's death. The office fell into some contempt before Robert Southey, but took on a new lustre from his personal distinction and that of successors Wordsworth and Tennyson. Wordsworth stipulated before accepting the honour that no formal effusions from him should be required. Due to his age, he became the only laureate to write no official poetry. Tennyson was generally happy in his numerous poems of this class.

On Tennyson's death there was a considerable feeling that there was no acceptable successor. William Morris and Swinburne were hardly suitable as court poets. Eventually the undesirability of breaking the tradition for temporary reasons, and severing the one official link between literature and the state, prevailed over the protests against allowing someone of inferior genius to follow Tennyson. Abolition was similarly advocated when Warton and Wordsworth died.

 
SIGN: a plaque on a three-storey brick house in Twickenham (near London) UK, where Tennyson once lived. The "description" shown in its file in the Wikimedia Commons says: "Blue plaque at 15 Montpelier Row Twickenham TW1 2NQ". The plaque or "sign" says: "Alfred Lord Tennyson 1809-1892 Poet Laureate lived here".

Edward Gibbon condemned the position's artificial approach to poetry:

From Augustus to Louis, the muse has too often been false and venal: but I much doubt whether any age or court can produce a similar establishment of a stipendiary poet, who in every reign, and at all events, is bound to furnish twice a year a measure of praise and verse, such as may be sung in the chapel, and, I believe, in the presence, of the sovereign. I speak the more freely, as the best time for abolishing this ridiculous custom is while the prince is a man of virtue and the poet a man of genius.

— Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Chapter LXX (footnote)

The salary has varied, but traditionally includes some alcohol. Ben Jonson first received a pension of 100 marks, and later an annual "terse of Canary wine". Dryden had a pension of £300 and a butt of Canary wine. Pye received £27 instead of the wine. Tennyson drew £72 a year from the Lord Chamberlain's department, and £27 from the Lord Steward's "in lieu of the butt of sack". The modern annual salary is £5,750.[97] On 10 May 2019 Simon Armitage was appointed[98] after the end of Carol Ann Duffy's ten-year tenure.[97]

There are other, non-official, laureate titles, such as the commercially sponsored "Children's Laureate" for an "eminent writer or illustrator of children's books to celebrate outstanding achievement in their field",[99] and the Poetry Foundation's Young People's Poet Laureate.[5]

Scotland edit

Main article: Makar (National Poet for Scotland)
 
Edwin Morgan, first Makar or National Poet for Scotland

Scotland has a long tradition of makars and poetry. Iain Lom, the Scottish Gaelic bard, was appointed poet laureate in Scotland by Charles II, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, on his restoration in 1660.[100] In 2004 the Scottish Parliament appointed Professor Edwin Morgan as the first Makar or National Poet for Scotland. On his death in January 2011 he was succeeded by Liz Lochhead.[101]Kathleen Jamie became Scotland's fourth Makar in 2021.[102]

Wales edit

Main article: National Poet for Wales

Wales has had a long tradition of poets and bards under royal patronage, with extant writing from medieval royal poets and earlier. The office of National Poet for Wales was established in April 2005. The first holder, Gwyneth Lewis, was followed by Gwyn Thomas.

United States edit

 
Joy Harjo, Poet Laureate of the United States
 
Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden, Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith, and National Youth Poet Laureate Amanda Gorman.
Main article: United States Poet Laureate
Further information: List of U.S. states' Poets Laureate

The United States Library of Congress appointed a Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1937 to 1984. An Act of Congress changed the name in 1985 to Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress.

Poets laureate receive a US$35,000 stipend and are given the responsibility of overseeing an ongoing series of poetry readings and lectures at the library, and a charge to promote poetry. No other duties are specified, and laureates are not required to compose for government events or in praise of government officials. However, after the September 11 terrorist attacks, then poet laureate Billy Collins was asked to write a poem to be read in front of a special joint session of Congress. Collins wrote "The Names", which he read on September 6, 2002, and which is available in streaming audio and video.[103] The original intent of the stipend was to provide poets laureate with a full income, so that they could devote their time entirely to writing poetry. The amount has not been adjusted for inflation and is now considered a moderate bonus intended to supplement a poet's already existing income. Most Poets Laureate earn the bulk of their income through university employment.[citation needed]

Ada Limón is the current poet laureate. Previous poets laureate include Joy Harjo, Tracy K. Smith (two terms), Juan Felipe Herrera, Philip Levine, W. S. Merwin, Kay Ryan, Charles Simic, Ted Kooser, Louise Glück, Billy Collins, Rita Dove, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Frost, Karl Shapiro, Allen Tate, Robert Penn Warren, Richard Wilbur, Joseph Brodsky, Stanley Kunitz, Robert Hass, Donald Hall, Robert Pinsky (three terms), Mark Strand, Audre Lorde, and Maxine Kumin.

Amanda Gorman was the United States's first National Youth Poet Laureate appointed in 2017.[104]

A number of American state legislatures have also created an office of poet laureate. The holders may be locally or nationally prominent. The U.S. states of New Jersey, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Pennsylvania do not currently have a state poet laureate position.[105]

District of Columbia edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia

The United States' capital, the District of Columbia, created the position of Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia in 1984 during the mayoralty of Marion Barry.[106] The position is filled by appointment from the mayor of the district the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities.[106] The District of Columbia's poet laureate program is currently stalled.[107][108] Only two poets laureate have been appointed since the creation of the position. Sterling Allen Brown was appointed by Mayor Marion Barry, serving from 1984 until his death in 1989.[106][109] Dolores Kendrick was appointed by Mayor Anthony A. Williams, serving from 1999 until her death in 2017.[110]

Alabama edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of Alabama

The office of Poet Laureate of Alabama was created for Samuel Minturn Peck in 1930. The post has been continuously filled since 1954 on a four-year renewable basis. Poets laureate serve at the pleasure of the governor. Successors include Helen Norris, Sue Walker,[111] and Andrew Glaze.[112]

Alaska edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of Alaska

Originally created as the position of Poet Laureate in 1963 (House Resolution 25).[113] The official name was changed in 1996 to recognize and honor all genres of writing.[113] The position is selected by the Alaska State Council on the Arts.[114]

Arizona edit

The state of Arizona established a state Poet Laureate position in 2013, appointing Alberto Ríos as the inaugural Poet Laureate.[115][116][117][118]

Arkansas edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Arkansas

Charles T. Davis was the first poet laureate of Arkansas, appointed in 1923.[119]

California edit

 
Juan Felipe Herrera, Poet Laureate of California and later of the United States
Main article: California Poet Laureate

The state of California established a state Poet Laureate under Governor Hiram Warren Johnson[120] and appointed Ina Donna Coolbrith on June 30, 1915. Coolbrith was later acknowledged as the "Loved Laurel-Crowned Poet of California" by a 1919 state Senate resolution, retaining the title until her death in 1928.[121] Juan Felipe Herrera was appointed by Gov. Jerry Brown in March 2012.[122] The position is currently vacant. It was last held by Dana Gioia from 2015 to 2018.[123][124]

Counties edit
Cities edit
 
Luis Rodriguez, Los Angeles Poet Laureate
 
Genea Brice, Jeremy Snyder, and D.L. Lang, poets laureate of Vallejo.
See also: List of municipal poets laureate in California

Colorado edit

 
John Denver was named poet laureate of Colorado in 1974
Main article: Poets Laureate of Colorado

Colorado Poets Laureate are currently appointed to four-year terms. They are nominated by Colorado Creative Industries and Colorado Humanities & Center for the Book, and chosen by the Governor.[153] Alice Polk Hill was the first poet laureate of Colorado serving from 1919 to 1921.[154][155] Successors include Thomas Hornsby Ferril, Mary Crow, David Mason, Bobby LeFebre and Andrea Gibson.[155] The State of Colorado also appointed singer/songwriter writer John Denver in 1974.[156]

Cities edit

Connecticut edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Connecticut

The Poet Laureate of Connecticut was established in 1985 by Public Act 85-221 of the Connecticut General Assembly.[159] Five-year residents of the state with a demonstrated career in poetry are eligible for the honorary appointment as an advocate for poetry and literary arts.[160] James Merill was the first poet laureate of Connecticut, serving from 1985 to 1995.[160][159] His successors include Leo Connellan, Marilyn Nelson, John Hollander, Dick Allen, Margaret Gibson.[160][159] Antoinette Brim-Bell is the current poet laureate for Connecticut.[160]

Delaware edit

 
Amiri Baraka, the second and final poet laureate of New Jersey
Main article: Poets Laureate of Delaware

Poets are appointed to the position by the governor. The first poet laureate of Delaware was Edna Deemer Leach appointed in 1947.[161] Nnamdi Chukwuocha and Albert Mills—twin brothers who are known as the "Twin Poets"—were appointed 17th Poets Laureate of the State of Delaware on December 13, 2015.[162] According to the Library of Congress,[163] they are the first co-laureates appointed by a state and the first siblings to share the position.[164][165] Predecessors include Fleda Brown and JoAnn Balingit.[163]

Florida edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Florida

Poets Laureate of Florida are appointed by the governor and the Division of Arts and Culture.[166] They first served lifetime, unpaid appointments, until June 20, 2014, when HB 513 established a four-year term. The first poet laureate of Florida was Franklin L. Wood,[167] appointed in 1929 and died soon after assuming office.[168] Vivian Laramore Rader was appointed in 1931 and served until her death in 1975. Edmund Skellings was appointed in 1980. A stroke that impaired his speech and limited his ability to do all of his official duties. He died August 19, 2012, leaving the post vacant.[167] Peter Meinke currently holds this position and was appointed on June 15, 2015.[168]

Georgia edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of Georgia (U.S. state)

Frank Lebby Stanton served from 1925 to 1927 as Georgia's first poet laureate.[169] Successors include Ernest Neal, Conrad Aiken, David Bottoms, Judson Mitcham, and Chelsea Rathburn.[169]

Hawaii edit

 
Kealoha Poet laureate of Hawaii
Main article: Poets Laureate of Hawaii

Prior to statehood Don Blanding, originally from Oklahoma, was unofficially referred to as the poet laureate of Hawaii.[170] In 1951 Hawaii Territorial Senator Thelma Akana Harrison in concurrent resolution 28, declared Lloyd Stone, who was originally from California, poet laureate.[171] When the modern program was established, Native Hawaiian Kealoha was appointed on May 3, 2012, by Governor Neil Abercrombie.,[172] and he is the first poet laureate for the state of Hawaii, serving through 2022.[173][174][175][176]

Idaho edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Idaho

Irene Welch Grissom served from 1923 to 1948 as Idaho's first poet laureate.[177] Sudie Stuart Hager served as the second poet laureate from 1949 to 1982.[177] After 1982 the title was changed to Writer in Residence.[177]

Illinois edit

 
John Prine posthumously received the title of honorary poet laureate of Illinois
Main article: Poets Laureate of Illinois

Illinois appointed its first poet laureate, Howard Austin, in 1936, followed by Carl Sandburg (1962–1967), and Gwendolyn Brooks (1968–2000), all with lifetime appointments. The post is now a four-year renewable award.[178] The poet laureate from 2003 to 2017 was Kevin Stein.[179] In 2020, Angela Jackson was named Illinois Poet Laureate.[180][181][182][183] Singer songwriter John Prine was posthumously named an Honorary Poet Laureate.[184][185]

Indiana edit

Main article: Indiana State Poet Laureate

Joyce Brinkman was appointed as the first poet laureate of Indiana, serving from 2005 to 2008[186]

Iowa edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Iowa

The position was created July 1, 1999, by Subchapter 303.89 of the Iowa Code with a two-year renewable term.[187] Marvin Bell was Iowa's first Poet Laureate,[187] from 2000 to 2004, followed by Robert Dana from 2004 to 2008, and Mary Swander from 2009 to 2019. Debra Marquart is the current Poet Laureate of Iowa.[188] Her two-year term started in May 2019.[187]

Kansas edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Kansas

Jonathan Holden served as Kansas' first poet laureate from 2005 to 2007.[189]

Kentucky edit

 
Frank X Walker, poet laureate of Kentucky
Main article: Poet Laureate of Kentucky

James Thomas Cotton Noe served as Kentucky's first poet laureate from 1926 to 1953.[190]

Louisiana edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Louisiana

Emma Wilson Emery served as Louisiana's first poet laureate from 1942 to 1970.[191] The current poet laureate of Louisiana is Mona Lisa Saloy appointed in April 2021. Predecessors include Ava Leavell Haymon, Julie Kane, Peter Cooley, and John Warner Smith.

Maine edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Maine

Kate Barnes served as Maine's first poet laureate from 1996 to 1999. The current poet laureate of Maine is Julia Bouwsna.[192] Predecessors include Wesley McNair, Baron Wormser, and Betsy Sholl.[193]

Maryland edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Maryland

The current Poet Laureate of Maryland is Grace Cavalieri.[194]

Cities edit
  • The city of Takoma Park Poet Laureate program, established in 2005, honors the achievements of a local poet, encouraging a wider appreciation of poetry and literature. Kathleen O’Toole currently holds the office. Poet Laureate emeritus include Donald Berger (2005-2007), Anne Becker (2007-2011), and Merrill Leffler (2011-2018).[195]

Massachusetts edit

Further information: List of municipal poets laureate in Massachusetts

The state of Massachusetts does not currently have a poet laureate position.[196][197] However, many cities in Massachusetts have appointed poets laureate.

Cities edit
 
Patrick Donnelly, Poet Laureate of Northampton, MA.

Michigan edit

Edgar A. Guest served as Michigan Poet Laureate from 1952 through 1959 having been appointed Poet Laureate through Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 38 (1952) of the Michigan Legislature.[208] State lawmakers made three separate unsuccessful attempts to reinstate a poet laureate position in 2000, 2005, and 2019.[208] In 2023, Nandi Comer was appointed poet laureate.[209]

Minnesota edit

 
Robert Bly was the first poet laureate of Minnesota
Main article: Poets Laureate of Minnesota

In May 2007, Gov. Pawlenty reversed his opposition and signed Section 4, Chapter 148 of the Minnesota Session Laws 2007, establishing the state poet laureate. Robert Bly was appointed the first Minnesota poet laureate on February 27, 2008, succeeded on August 23, 2011, by Joyce Sutphen. Dr. Gwen Westerman was appointed as the third Minnesota poet laureate on September 9, 2021, by Governor Tim Walz.[210]

Mississippi edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Mississippi

In 1963, Governor Ross Barnett appointed Mississippi's first Poet Laureate, Maude Willard Leet Prenshaw. In 1973, Louise Moss Montgomery was named laureate by Gov. William Waller. Gov. Cliff Finch appointed Winifred Hamrick Farrar laureate in 1978. All three poets laureate served lifetime terms. Beginning in 2012, Mississippi poets laureate now serve four-year terms. Natasha Tretheway served as the Poet Laureate of Mississippi from 2012 to 2016. On August 10, 2016, Beth Ann Fennelly assumed the position.[211]

Missouri edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Missouri

Walter Bargen served as Missouri's first poet laureate from 2008 to 2010.[212]

Montana edit

 
Henry Real Bird was poet laureate of Montana in 2009
Main article: Poets Laureate of Montana

Sandra Alcosser was Montana's first poet laureate, serving in the position from 2005 to 2007.[213]

Nebraska edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Nebraska

John G. Neihardt was appointed as Nebraskas first poet laureate in 1921, and served until November 3, 1973.[214]

Nevada edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Nevada

Mildred Breedlove served as the first poet laureate of Nevada from 1957 to 2007.[215]

New Hampshire edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of New Hampshire

Paul Scott Mowrer was appointed as New Hampshire's first poet laureate, and served from 1968 to 1971.[216] The current poet laureate of New Hampshire is Alexandria Peary, appointed October 2019.[217] Predecessors include W. E. Butts, Richard Eberhart, Patricia Fargnoli, Cynthia Huntington, and Jane Kenyon.

New Jersey edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of New Jersey

New Jersey had a poet laureate program until from 2000 to 2003, appointing poet Gerald Stern followed by Amiri Baraka. The position was eliminated in 2003. [218]

New Mexico edit

See also: List of municipal poets laureate in New Mexico

In 2020 New Mexico appointed its first poet laureate, Levi Romero.[219]

Cities edit
  • Hakim Bellamy was appointed the first poet laureate of Albuquerque in 2012.[219]
  • Kayt Peck was appointed the first poet laureate of Las Vegas, New Mexico, in 2021.[219]
  • Arthur Sze was appointed the first poet laureate of Santa Fe in 2006.[219] Valerie Martínez is among his successors.
  • Bonnie Buckley Maldonado was appointed the first poet laureate of Silver City in 2012.[219]
  • Sawnie Morris was appointed the first poet laureate of Taos in 2018.[219]

New York edit

 
Alicia Ostriker, New York State Poet Laureate
Main article: Poets Laureate of New York

The position of New York State Poet Laureate (official title: State Poet) was established by a special mandate of the New York State Legislature on August 1, 1985.[220] Willie Perdomo is the current New York state poet laureate.[220] Predecessors include John Ashbery, Billy Collins, Jane Cooper, Robert Creeley, Richard Howard, Marie Howe, Stanley Kunitz, Audre Lorde, Sharon Olds, Alicia Ostriker, and Jean Valentine.[220] In 1988 New York also established position for other genres of writing entitled New York State Author.[221] In 2016, Governor Andrew Cuomo also named Joseph Tusiani Poet Laureate Emeritus.[222] In 2004, Ishle Yi Park became first female and the first Korean American poet laureate of the New York City borough of Queens.[223]

North Carolina edit

Main article: North Carolina Poet Laureate

The 1935 General Assembly created the office of state poet laureate and empowers the Governor to appoint a North Carolina Poet Laureate.[224] Jaki Shelton Green has been North Carolina's Poet Laureate since 2018.[225]

Cities edit
  • The city of Durham, North Carolina, selected DJ Rogers as its first poet laureate in 2022.[226]

North Dakota edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of North Dakota

Corbin A. Waldron was the first poet laureate of North Dakota from 1957 to 1978.[227]

Ohio edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Ohio

The state of Ohio created the position of Poet Laureate in 2014. Dr. Amit Majmudar of Dublin, Ohio, was named the first state Poet Laureate by Gov. John Kasich, for a two-year term beginning January 1, 2016. Kari Gunter-Seymour is the current Poet Laureate of Ohio. Her term began on June 10, 2020.[228]

Oklahoma edit

 
Nathan Brown, Poet Laureate of Oklahoma, 2013
Main article: Poets Laureate of Oklahoma

The state of Oklahoma named Violet McDougal its first poet laureate in 1923.[229][230][231] Joe Kreger who first served from 1998 to 2001 was appointed a second term as Oklahoma's poet laureate from 2021 to 2022.[232] The current poet laureate of Oklahoma is Jay Snider.[233]

Cities edit

Oregon edit

Main article: Oregon Poet Laureate

The position of Oregon Poet Laureate was established in 1923, appointing Edwin Markham as the first poet laureate.[235] Anis Mojgani was appointed to the position in 2020.[236]

Pennsylvania edit

 
Yolanda Wisher Poet Laureate of Philadelphia

Samuel John Hazo served as Pennsylvania's first and only poet laureate from 1993 to 2003 before Governor Bob Casey eliminated the position.[237] Florence Van Leer Earle Coates was elected poet laureate of Pennsylvania by the state Federation of Women's Clubs in 1915.[238]

Counties edit
Cities edit

Rhode Island edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Rhode Island

The State Poet of Rhode Island, established in 1987, is codified in Chapter 42-100 of the State of Rhode Island General Laws.[242] The five-year appointment by the Governor carries an annual salary of $1,000.[243] Michael Steven Harper served as Rhode Island's first poet laureate from 1988 to 1993.[244]

South Carolina edit

Main article: South Carolina Poet Laureate

Archibald Rutledge was the first poet laureate of South Carolina, serving from 1934 to 1973.[245]

South Dakota edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of South Dakota

Charles "Badger" Clark was the first poet laureate of South Dakota appointed in 1937.[246]

The current poet laureate is Bruce Roseland. "It’s an honor to stand among those who have come before me,” Roseland said. “There are many people in South Dakota who write as well as I do and most of them write better. To represent South Dakota in this form of writing poetry … I’m very happy about it. I hope to be an ambassador."[247]

Tennessee edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Tennessee

"Pek" Gunn, a native of Bold Spring, Tennessee, and a close friend and politically ally of former Governor of Tennessee Frank Clement, was the first Tennessean given the title of State Poet Laureate, in the 1970s. Margaret Britton Vaughn is the current Poet Laureate, she is serving her lifetime appointment since 1999.[248]

Texas edit

 
Jack Elliott Myers was poet laureate of Texas in 2003
Main article: Poet Laureate of Texas

The state of Texas established a Poet Laureate in 1932 (historical list of Texas poets laureate). The term as of 2016 is one year.[249]

Cities edit
  • In April 2012, San Antonio became the first Texas city to appoint a Poet Laureate, Carmen Tafolla.[250] The San Antonio Poet Laureate serves a two-year term. Laurie Ann Guerrero was appointed on April 1, 2014.[251]

Utah edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Utah

The state of Utah has appointed a Poet Laureate since 1997.[252] The first was David Lee (January 24, 1997, to December 2002), followed by Ken Brewer (January 24, 2003, to March 15, 2006), Katharine Coles (October 27, 2006, to May 2012), Lance Larsen, appointed May 3, 2012, by Governor Gary Herbert, and Paisley Rekdal, appointed by Governor Gary Herbert in May 2017.[253] The current Poet Laureate in Utah is Lisa Bickmore appointed in April 2022.[254]

Vermont edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Vermont

Robert Frost was the first poet laureate of Vermont, serving from 1961 to 1963.[255]

Virginia edit

Main article: Poet Laureate of Virginia

The Commonwealth of Virginia has appointed a Poet Laureate since December 18, 1936. The first was Carter Warner Wormeley, appointed for life. Appointments from 1942 until 1992 were for one year, with many reappointed for multiple terms. In 1992, the term was increased to two years. Since 1998 appointments are made from list of nominees presented by the Poetry Society of Virginia, established at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1923.[256] The current Poet Laureate is Luisa A. Igloria.[256]

Washington edit

 
Ella Higginson, first Poet Laureate of Washington
Main article: Poet Laureate of Washington

The State of Washington has officially appointed a Poet Laureate since 2007,[257] though Poets Laureate have been unofficially appointed by the Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs since 1931, when Ella Rhoads Higginson was named as the State's first Poet Laureate.[258]

Samuel Green was named as Washington's first official Poet Laureate in 2007, and served until 2009.[259] Poets Laureate of Washington are appointed for a two-year term by the Governor of Washington.[260]

The current Poet Laureate of Washington is Rena Priest, a member of the Lummi Nation, and the first Indigenous person appointed to the post. She was appointed in 2021, and will serve until 2023.[261]

Counties

Clark County

current Clark County Poet Laureate is Armin Tolentino, serving 2021-2024

former Clark Count Poet Laureate is Gwendolyn Morgan, serving 2018-2020

Inaugural Clark County Poet Laureate Christopher Luna, 2013-2018

West Virginia edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of West Virginia

Karl Myers served as the first poet laureate of West Virginia from 1927 to 1937.[262]

Wisconsin edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Wisconsin

The current Poet Laureate of Wisconsin is Dasha Kelly Hamilton, 2021–2022.[263]

Wyoming edit

Main article: Poets Laureate of Wyoming

Eugene Gagliano has been the Poet Laureate of Wyoming since July 2016.[264]

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External links edit

  • Poet Laureate of Canada October 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  • Map of Canadian Poets Laureate
  • List of U.S. Poets Laureate at the Library of Congress
  • Poet Laureate of Winona, Minnesota (2009 -)

February 15, 2024
poet, laureate, poet, laureate, plural, poets, laureate, poet, officially, appointed, government, conferring, institution, typically, expected, compose, poems, special, events, occasions, albertino, mussato, padua, francesco, petrarca, petrarch, arezzo, were, . A poet laureate plural poets laureate 1 2 3 is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca Petrarch of Arezzo were the first to be crowned poets laureate after the classical age respectively in 1315 and 1342 4 In Britain the term dates from the appointment of Bernard Andre by Henry VII of England The royal office of Poet Laureate in England dates from the appointment of John Dryden in 1668 A depiction of Torquato Tasso from a German encyclopedia 1905 Note the laurel crown In modern times a poet laureate title may be conferred by an organization such as the Poetry Foundation which designates a Young People s Poet Laureate unconnected with the National Youth Poet Laureate and the United States Poet Laureate 5 The office is also popular with regional and community groups Examples include the Pikes Peak Poet Laureate 6 which is designated by a Presenting Partners group from within the community the Minnesota poet laureate chosen by the League of Minnesota Poets est 1934 7 the Northampton Poet Laureate 8 chosen by the Northampton Arts Council 9 and the Martha s Vineyard Poet Laureate chosen by ten judges representing the Martha s Vineyard Poetry Society Over a dozen national governments continue the poet laureate tradition Contents 1 Background 2 By country 2 1 Australia 2 2 Barbados 2 3 Belgium 2 4 Canada 2 4 1 Provincial and municipal poets laureate 2 4 1 1 Alberta 2 4 1 1 1 Cities 2 4 1 2 British Columbia 2 4 1 2 1 Cities 2 4 1 3 Manitoba 2 4 1 3 1 Cities 2 4 1 4 New Brunswick 2 4 1 4 1 Cities 2 4 1 5 Newfoundland and Labrador 2 4 1 5 1 Cities 2 4 1 6 Nova Scotia 2 4 1 6 1 Cities 2 4 1 7 Ontario 2 4 1 7 1 Cities 2 4 1 8 Prince Edward Island 2 4 1 9 Saskatchewan 2 4 1 10 Yukon 2 5 Dominican Republic 2 6 Ethiopia 2 7 Germany 2 8 Holy See 2 9 India 2 9 1 Andhra Pradesh 2 9 2 Tamil Nadu 2 10 Iran 2 11 Ireland 2 12 Jamaica 2 13 Netherlands 2 14 New Zealand 2 15 Nigeria 2 16 North Korea 2 17 Saint Lucia 2 18 Serbia 2 19 Sierra Leone 2 20 Somalia 2 21 Turkey 2 22 United Kingdom 2 22 1 England 2 22 2 Scotland 2 22 3 Wales 2 23 United States 2 23 1 District of Columbia 2 23 2 Alabama 2 23 3 Alaska 2 23 4 Arizona 2 23 5 Arkansas 2 23 6 California 2 23 6 1 Counties 2 23 6 2 Cities 2 23 7 Colorado 2 23 7 1 Cities 2 23 8 Connecticut 2 23 9 Delaware 2 23 10 Florida 2 23 11 Georgia 2 23 12 Hawaii 2 23 13 Idaho 2 23 14 Illinois 2 23 15 Indiana 2 23 16 Iowa 2 23 17 Kansas 2 23 18 Kentucky 2 23 19 Louisiana 2 23 20 Maine 2 23 21 Maryland 2 23 21 1 Cities 2 23 22 Massachusetts 2 23 22 1 Cities 2 23 23 Michigan 2 23 24 Minnesota 2 23 25 Mississippi 2 23 26 Missouri 2 23 27 Montana 2 23 28 Nebraska 2 23 29 Nevada 2 23 30 New Hampshire 2 23 31 New Jersey 2 23 32 New Mexico 2 23 32 1 Cities 2 23 33 New York 2 23 34 North Carolina 2 23 34 1 Cities 2 23 35 North Dakota 2 23 36 Ohio 2 23 37 Oklahoma 2 23 37 1 Cities 2 23 38 Oregon 2 23 39 Pennsylvania 2 23 39 1 Counties 2 23 39 2 Cities 2 23 40 Rhode Island 2 23 41 South Carolina 2 23 42 South Dakota 2 23 43 Tennessee 2 23 44 Texas 2 23 44 1 Cities 2 23 45 Utah 2 23 46 Vermont 2 23 47 Virginia 2 23 48 Washington 2 23 49 West Virginia 2 23 50 Wisconsin 2 23 51 Wyoming 3 References 4 External linksBackground editIn ancient Greece the laurel was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes The custom derives from the ancient myth of Daphne and Apollo Daphne signifying laurel in Greek and was revived in Padua for Albertino Mussato 10 followed by Petrarch s own crowning ceremony in the audience hall of the medieval senatorial palazzo on the Campidoglio on April 8 1341 11 Because the Renaissance figures who were attempting to revive the Classical tradition lacked detailed knowledge of the Roman precedent they were attempting to emulate these ceremonies took on the character of doctoral candidatures 12 Since the office of poet laureate has become widely adopted the term laureate has come to signify recognition for preeminence or superlative achievement cf Nobel laureate A royal degree in rhetoric poet laureate was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages The term therefore may refer to the holder of such a degree which recognized skill in rhetoric grammar and language By country editAustralia edit On 30 January 2023 at the launch of Revive Australia s new cultural policy Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced the establishment of a poet laureate for Australia 13 Before 2023 Australia had not had an official poet laureate scheme despite past suggestions 14 15 In 1818 former convict Michael Massey Robinson was paid by colony governor Lachlan Macquarie for services as poet laureate 16 Over the years other poets have been nominated as worthy of such a title including James Brunton Stephens 1835 1902 17 Andrew Barton Banjo Paterson 1864 1941 18 and Les Murray 1938 2019 19 Barbados edit The first Poet Laureate of Barbados was chosen in 2018 Her name is Esther Phillips 20 21 Belgium edit The first Poet Laureate of Belgium Charles Ducal was chosen in 2014 22 23 He was followed by Laurence Vielle 22 Els Moors 22 Carl Norac 24 and Mustafa Kor 24 Canada edit nbsp Toronto s Poet Laureate George Elliott Clarke who later became Parliamentary Poet Laureate of CanadaMain article Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate The Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate is appointed as an officer of the Library of Parliament The position alternates between an English and French speaking laureate Candidates must be able to write in both English and French have a substantial publication history including poetry displaying literary excellence and have written work reflecting Canada among other criteria 25 Poets who have served in the position include George Bowering 2002 2004 26 27 Pauline Michel 2004 2006 26 27 John Steffler 2006 2008 26 27 Pierre DesRuisseaux 2009 2011 26 27 Fred Wah 2011 2013 26 27 Michel Pleau 2014 2016 26 27 George Elliott Clarke 2016 2017 26 27 Georgette LeBlanc 2018 2019 26 27 Louise Bernice Halfe a k a Sky Dancer 2021 present 28 Provincial and municipal poets laureate edit Main article List of Canadian Provincial Poets Laureate Currently only the provinces of Ontario Prince Edward Island Saskatchewan and Yukon have appointed a poet laureate Alberta edit Main article Municipal Poets Laureate in Alberta Canada Cities edit Calgary s current poet laureate is Wakefield Brewster 2022 2024 He was preceded in office by Natalie Meisner 2020 2022 Sheri D Wilson 2018 2020 Micheline Maylor 2016 2018 Derek Beaulieu 2014 2016 and Kris Demeanor 2012 2014 29 30 31 32 33 Banff has had three poets laureate Derek Beaulieu 2022 2023 Amelie Patternson 2017 2018 and Steven Ross Smith 2019 2020 34 The current Poet Laureate of Edmonton is Titilope Sonuga 2021 2023 35 She was preceded in office by Nishi Patel 2019 2021 Ahmed Knowmadic Ali 2017 2019 Pierrette Requier 2015 2017 Mary Pinkoski 2013 2015 Anna Marie Sewell 2011 2012 Roland Pemberton 2006 2011 E D Blodgett 2007 2009 and Alice Major 2005 2007 36 37 British Columbia edit Main article Municipal Poets Laureate in British Columbia Canada Cities edit Comox Valley has had three poets laureate Lawrence J W Cooper 2019 2021 Natalie Nickerson 2017 2019 and Kevin Flesher 2015 2017 38 The Poets Laureate of Nanaimo include Kamal Parmar 2021 2023 Tina Biello 2017 2020 and Naomi Beth Wakan 2013 2016 39 New Westminster s Poets Laureate are Elliott Slinn 2021 present Alan Hill 2017 2020 Candice James 2010 2016 Don Benson 1999 2007 and Edna Anderson 1998 1999 40 Surrey has had one poet laureate Renee Sarojini Saklikar 2015 2018 41 Tofino s poets laureate are Christine Lowther 2020 2022 and Joanna Streetly 2018 2020 42 Vancouver s poets laureate are Fiona Tinwei Lam 2021 present Miss Christie Lee Christie Charles 2018 2021 Rachel Rose 2014 2017 Evelyn Lau 2011 2014 Brad Cran 2009 2011 and George McWhirter 2007 2009 43 Victoria s poets laureate are John Barton 2019 2022 Yvonne Blomer 2015 2018 Janet Marie Rogers 2012 2014 Linda Rogers 2009 2011 and Carla Funk 2006 2008 44 Manitoba edit Cities edit Winnipeg s poets laureate are Duncan Mercredi 2020 2022 and Di Brandt 2018 2019 45 New Brunswick edit Cities edit Fredericton s Poets Laureate are Jordan Trethewey 2021 present Jenna Lyn Albert 2019 2021 and Ian Letourneau 2016 2018 Moncton s poets laureate or Poets Flye es are Kayla Geitzler English and Jean Philippe Raiche French 2019 Present 46 Sackville s poets laureate are Laura K Watson 2021 present 47 Shoshanna Wingate 2019 2021 Marilyn Lerch 2013 2017 and Douglas Lochhead 2002 2011 48 Newfoundland and Labrador edit Cities edit St John s poets laureate are Mary Dalton 2019 2022 George Murray 2014 2017 Tom Dawe 2010 2013 and Agnes Walsh 2006 2009 49 Nova Scotia edit Cities edit Cape Breton Rita Joe 1932 2007 was appointed Lifetime Poet Laureate of the Mi kmaq people 50 51 Main article Poet Laureate of Halifax Nova Scotia Halifax poets laureate are Dr Afua Cooper 2018 2020 Rebecca Thomas 2016 2018 El Jones 2013 2015 Tanya Davis 2011 2012 Shauntay Grant 2009 2011 Lorri Neilsen Glenn 2005 2009 and Sue MacLeod 2001 2005 52 Ontario edit Main article Poet Laureate of Ontario In 2021 Ontario named its first poet laureate Randell Adjei 53 Cities edit Main article Municipal Poets Laureate in Ontario Canada The city of Barrie has had two poets laureate Victoria Butler 2018 present and Damian Lopes 2014 present 54 The city of Brantford named John B Lee poet laureate in perpetuity in 2005 55 The town of Cobalt named Ann Margetson poet laureate 56 Cobourg s poets laureate are Jessica Outram 2019 2022 Ted Amsden 2011 2018 Jill Battson 2009 2011 and Eric Winter 1997 2009 57 Dufferin County s poets laureate is Harry Posner 2017 present 58 Emery Laurence Hutchman 2018 present 59 Kingston s poets laureate are Jason Heroux 2019 present Helen Humphreys 2015 2019 and Eric Folsom 2011 2015 60 London s poets laureate are Tom Cull 2016 present and Penn Kemp 2011 2013 61 62 Mississauga s poets laureate are Ayomide Bayowa 2021 2024 Paul Edward Costa 2019 2021 Wali Shah 2017 2019 and Anna Yin 2015 2017 63 In Norfolk County John B Lee was appointed in 2011 55 Ottawa s poets laureate are Albert Dumont Anglophone 2021 2022 and Gilles Latour Francophone 2021 2022 Margaret Michele Cook Francophone and Diana Young Anglophone 2019 2021 Andree Lacelle Francophone and Jamaal Jackson Rogers Anglophone 2017 2019 64 Owen Sound s poets laureate are Richard Yves Sitoski 2019 2022 Lauren Best 2017 2019 Rob Rolfe amp Larry Jensen 2015 2017 Terry Burns 2013 2014 Kateri Akiwenzie Damm 2011 2012 Kristan Anderson 2008 2010 Liz Zetlin 2007 2008 65 Greater Sudbury s poets laureate are Kyla Heming 2022 present Vera Constantineau 2020 2022 Chloe LaDuchesse 2018 2020 Kim Fahner 2016 2018 Thomas Leduc 2014 2015 Daniel Aubin 2012 2013 and Roger Nash 2010 2011 66 67 The Poet Laureate of Toronto program was established in 2001 naming Dennis Lee as the first poet laureate 68 Successors include A F Moritz 2019 2022 Anne Michaels 2016 2019 George Elliott Clarke 2012 2015 Dionne Brand 2009 2012 and Pier Giorgio Di Cicco 2004 2009 68 The city of Windsor poets laureate are Mary Ann Mulhern 2019 2022 Marty Gervais 2011 2019 Vanessa Shields April 2022 September 2022 and Peter Hrastovec 2023 2027 69 The city of Woodstock posthumously named Barry C Butson poet laureate emeritus 70 Prince Edward Island edit Prince Edward Island appointed its first poet laureate John Smith in 2003 71 72 73 Julie Pellissier Lush 2019 present Deirdre Kessler 2016 2019 Diane Hicks Morrow 2013 2016 Hugh MacDonald 2009 2013 David Helwig 2008 2009 Frank Ledwell 2004 2007 John Smith 2002 2004 Saskatchewan edit Saskatchewan appointed its first poet laureate Glen Sorestad in 2000 74 Carol Rose GoldenEagle 2021 present Bruce Rice 2019 2021 Brenda Schmidt 2017 2018 Gerry Hill 2016 2017 Judith Krause 2014 2015 Don Kerr 2011 2013 Robert Currie 2007 2010 Louise B Halfe Sky Dancer 2005 2006 Glen Sorestad 2000 2004 Yukon edit Inaugural Yukon Provincial Poet Laureate PJ Yukon has held the office since 1994 75 74 The Commissioner of Yukon established the Story Laureate of Yukon role in 2020 76 The inaugural position was held by Michael Gates Dominican Republic edit Poets Laureate of Dominican Republic include Pedro Mir 1984 Ethiopia edit nbsp Tsegaye Gabre Medhin of EthiopiaOfficially designated Laureate includes Tsegaye Gebre Medhin Tsegaye s award was granted by His Majesty Haile Selasie II 77 Germany edit Poets Laureate of Nazi Germany include Hanns Johst from 1935 to 1946 Rajvinder Singh de was declared the Stadtschreiber of three different cities in Germany Rheinsberg in 1999 78 Remscheid in 2004 78 and Trier in 2007 78 79 80 81 82 83 Holy See edit Main article Papal poet laureate Popes have several times named poets laureate but the practice has been irregular India edit Andhra Pradesh edit Saanvi Sharma was the first poet laureate of Andhra Pradesh India Tamil Nadu edit Kannadasan was the poet laureate of Tamil Nadu at the time of his death Iran edit nbsp Mohammad Taqi Bahar poet laureate of Mozaffar ad Din Shah Qajar Malek o Sho ara Bahar was the poet laureate of Mozaffar ad Din Shah Qajar He was born in Mashhad in 1884 died 1951 and was a conservative figure among the modernists Ireland edit The Kingdom of Ireland had a poet laureate the last holder of the title was Robert Jephson who died in 1803 84 The closest modern equivalent in the Republic of Ireland is the title Saoi wise one held by up to seven members at a time of Aosdana an official body of those engaged in fine arts literature and music Poets awarded the title include Maire Mhac an tSaoi Anthony Cronin and Seamus Heaney Jamaica edit Thomas MacDermot was the first poet laureate of Jamaica during colonial times followed by Je Clare McFarlane 85 Mervyn Morris was the first poet laureate of Jamaica upon its independence from 2014 to 2017 followed by Lorna Goodison from 2017 to 2020 85 The poet laureate of Jamaica for 2021 to 2024 is Olive Senior 86 Netherlands edit Main article Dichter des Vaderlands The unofficial Poet Laureate of Netherlands is Tsead Bruinja as Dichter des Vaderlands Poet of the Fatherland The previous laureate was Ester Naomi Perquin Gerrit Komrij was the first Dichter des Vaderlands The title was created by Dutch media citation needed New Zealand edit Main article New Zealand Poet Laureate New Zealand has had an official poet laureate since 1998 Originally sponsored by Te Mata vineyards and known as the Te Mata Estate Poet Laureate the award is now administered by the National Library of New Zealand and the holder is called New Zealand Poet Laureate The term of office is two years The symbol of office is a Tokotoko a carved wooden ceremonial orator s staff The first holder was Bill Manhire in 1998 99 then Hone Tuwhare 2000 01 Elizabeth Smither 2002 03 Brian Turner 2004 05 Jenny Bornholdt 2006 07 Michele Leggott 2008 09 Cilla McQueen 2009 11 Ian Wedde 2011 13 Vincent O Sullivan 2013 15 C K Stead 2015 2017 Selina Tusitala Marsh 2017 2019 David Eggleton 2019 2021 and Chris Tse 2022 2024 87 88 89 90 Nigeria edit Poets Laureate of Nigeria include Obo Aba Hisanjani citation needed North Korea edit Beginning around 1994 North Korea had 6 active poets laureate who worked in the epic genre 91 Epic poetry was the chief vehicle of political propaganda during the rule of Kim Jong il and the poets worked according to the requests and needs of Kim Jong il 91 Some of the poets are Jang Jin sung pseudonym Kim Man young and Shin Byung gang 91 Saint Lucia edit nbsp Derek Walcott of Saint LuciaPoets Laureate of Saint Lucia include Derek Walcott citation needed Serbia edit Matija Beckovic 92 Charles Simic 93 Slobodan Selenic 94 Jovan Ducic 95 Sierra Leone edit Poets laureate of Sierra Leone include the Italian authors Roberto Malini and Dario Picciau 96 Somalia edit nbsp Hadrawi of SomaliaPoets laureate of Somalia include Hadraawi Turkey edit Mehmet Akif Ersoy was the Poet Laureate born in 1873 and died on December 27 1936 famous Turkish poet He composed the poem to be the National Anthem of the Turkish Republic that written in 1921 Original name of the poem is Istiklal Marsi United Kingdom edit Main article Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom England edit nbsp Portrait of Geoffrey Chaucer of EnglandIn England the term poet laureate is restricted to the official office of Poet Laureate attached to the royal household However no authoritative historical record exists of the office of Poet Laureate of England The office developed from earlier practice when minstrels and versifiers were members of the king s retinue Richard Cœur de Lion had a versificator regis English king s poet Gulielmus Peregrinus William the Pilgrim and Henry III had a versificator named Master Henry In the fifteenth century John Kay a versifier described himself as Edward IV s humble poet laureate According to Wharton citation needed King Henry I paid 10 shillings a year to a versificator regis Geoffrey Chaucer 1340 1400 was called Poet Laureate being granted in 1389 an annual allowance of wine W Hamilton describes Chaucer Gower Kay Andrew Bernard John Skelton Robert Whittington Richard Edwards and Samuel Daniel as volunteer Laureates John Skelton studied at the University of Oxford in the early 1480s and was advanced to the degree of poet laureate in 1488 when he joined the court of King Henry VII to tutor the future Henry VIII The title of laureate was also conferred on him by the University of Louvain in 1492 and by the University of Cambridge in 1492 3 citation needed He soon became famous for his rhetoric satire and translations and was held in high esteem by the printer William Caxton who wrote in the preface to The Boke of Eneydos compyled by Vargyle Modern English The Book of the Aeneid compiled by Virgil 1490 But I pray mayster John Skelton late created poete laureate in the unyversite of Oxenforde to oversee and correct this sayd booke The academic use of the term laureate became associated again with royalty when King James I created a pension for Ben Jonson in 1617 although there is no formal record extant He was succeeded by William Davenant The royal office Poet Laureate was officially conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1668 after Davenant s death and the post became a regular institution Dryden s successor Shadwell originated annual birthday and New Year odes The poet laureate became responsible for writing and presenting official verses to commemorate both personal occasions such as the monarch s birthday or royal births and marriages and public occasions such as coronations and military victories His activity in this respect varied according to circumstances and the custom ceased to be obligatory after Pye s death The office fell into some contempt before Robert Southey but took on a new lustre from his personal distinction and that of successors Wordsworth and Tennyson Wordsworth stipulated before accepting the honour that no formal effusions from him should be required Due to his age he became the only laureate to write no official poetry Tennyson was generally happy in his numerous poems of this class On Tennyson s death there was a considerable feeling that there was no acceptable successor William Morris and Swinburne were hardly suitable as court poets Eventually the undesirability of breaking the tradition for temporary reasons and severing the one official link between literature and the state prevailed over the protests against allowing someone of inferior genius to follow Tennyson Abolition was similarly advocated when Warton and Wordsworth died nbsp SIGN a plaque on a three storey brick house in Twickenham near London UK where Tennyson once lived The description shown in its file in the Wikimedia Commons says Blue plaque at 15 Montpelier Row Twickenham TW1 2NQ The plaque or sign says Alfred Lord Tennyson 1809 1892 Poet Laureate lived here Edward Gibbon condemned the position s artificial approach to poetry From Augustus to Louis the muse has too often been false and venal but I much doubt whether any age or court can produce a similar establishment of a stipendiary poet who in every reign and at all events is bound to furnish twice a year a measure of praise and verse such as may be sung in the chapel and I believe in the presence of the sovereign I speak the more freely as the best time for abolishing this ridiculous custom is while the prince is a man of virtue and the poet a man of genius Gibbon The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Chapter LXX footnote The salary has varied but traditionally includes some alcohol Ben Jonson first received a pension of 100 marks and later an annual terse of Canary wine Dryden had a pension of 300 and a butt of Canary wine Pye received 27 instead of the wine Tennyson drew 72 a year from the Lord Chamberlain s department and 27 from the Lord Steward s in lieu of the butt of sack The modern annual salary is 5 750 97 On 10 May 2019 Simon Armitage was appointed 98 after the end of Carol Ann Duffy s ten year tenure 97 There are other non official laureate titles such as the commercially sponsored Children s Laureate for an eminent writer or illustrator of children s books to celebrate outstanding achievement in their field 99 and the Poetry Foundation s Young People s Poet Laureate 5 Scotland edit Main article Makar National Poet for Scotland nbsp Edwin Morgan first Makar or National Poet for ScotlandScotland has a long tradition of makars and poetry Iain Lom the Scottish Gaelic bard was appointed poet laureate in Scotland by Charles II King of England Scotland France and Ireland on his restoration in 1660 100 In 2004 the Scottish Parliament appointed Professor Edwin Morgan as the first Makar or National Poet for Scotland On his death in January 2011 he was succeeded by Liz Lochhead 101 Kathleen Jamie became Scotland s fourth Makar in 2021 102 Wales edit Main article National Poet for Wales Wales has had a long tradition of poets and bards under royal patronage with extant writing from medieval royal poets and earlier The office of National Poet for Wales was established in April 2005 The first holder Gwyneth Lewis was followed by Gwyn Thomas United States edit nbsp Joy Harjo Poet Laureate of the United States nbsp Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden Poet Laureate Tracy K Smith and National Youth Poet Laureate Amanda Gorman Main article United States Poet Laureate Further information List of U S states Poets Laureate The United States Library of Congress appointed a Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1937 to 1984 An Act of Congress changed the name in 1985 to Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress Poets laureate receive a US 35 000 stipend and are given the responsibility of overseeing an ongoing series of poetry readings and lectures at the library and a charge to promote poetry No other duties are specified and laureates are not required to compose for government events or in praise of government officials However after the September 11 terrorist attacks then poet laureate Billy Collins was asked to write a poem to be read in front of a special joint session of Congress Collins wrote The Names which he read on September 6 2002 and which is available in streaming audio and video 103 The original intent of the stipend was to provide poets laureate with a full income so that they could devote their time entirely to writing poetry The amount has not been adjusted for inflation and is now considered a moderate bonus intended to supplement a poet s already existing income Most Poets Laureate earn the bulk of their income through university employment citation needed Ada Limon is the current poet laureate Previous poets laureate include Joy Harjo Tracy K Smith two terms Juan Felipe Herrera Philip Levine W S Merwin Kay Ryan Charles Simic Ted Kooser Louise Gluck Billy Collins Rita Dove Elizabeth Bishop Robert Frost Karl Shapiro Allen Tate Robert Penn Warren Richard Wilbur Joseph Brodsky Stanley Kunitz Robert Hass Donald Hall Robert Pinsky three terms Mark Strand Audre Lorde and Maxine Kumin Amanda Gorman was the United States s first National Youth Poet Laureate appointed in 2017 104 A number of American state legislatures have also created an office of poet laureate The holders may be locally or nationally prominent The U S states of New Jersey Massachusetts Michigan and Pennsylvania do not currently have a state poet laureate position 105 District of Columbia edit Main article Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia The United States capital the District of Columbia created the position of Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia in 1984 during the mayoralty of Marion Barry 106 The position is filled by appointment from the mayor of the district the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities 106 The District of Columbia s poet laureate program is currently stalled 107 108 Only two poets laureate have been appointed since the creation of the position Sterling Allen Brown was appointed by Mayor Marion Barry serving from 1984 until his death in 1989 106 109 Dolores Kendrick was appointed by Mayor Anthony A Williams serving from 1999 until her death in 2017 110 Alabama edit Main article Poet Laureate of Alabama The office of Poet Laureate of Alabama was created for Samuel Minturn Peck in 1930 The post has been continuously filled since 1954 on a four year renewable basis Poets laureate serve at the pleasure of the governor Successors include Helen Norris Sue Walker 111 and Andrew Glaze 112 Alaska edit Main article Poet Laureate of Alaska Originally created as the position of Poet Laureate in 1963 House Resolution 25 113 The official name was changed in 1996 to recognize and honor all genres of writing 113 The position is selected by the Alaska State Council on the Arts 114 Arizona edit The state of Arizona established a state Poet Laureate position in 2013 appointing Alberto Rios as the inaugural Poet Laureate 115 116 117 118 Arkansas edit Main article Poets Laureate of Arkansas Charles T Davis was the first poet laureate of Arkansas appointed in 1923 119 California edit nbsp Juan Felipe Herrera Poet Laureate of California and later of the United StatesMain article California Poet Laureate The state of California established a state Poet Laureate under Governor Hiram Warren Johnson 120 and appointed Ina Donna Coolbrith on June 30 1915 Coolbrith was later acknowledged as the Loved Laurel Crowned Poet of California by a 1919 state Senate resolution retaining the title until her death in 1928 121 Juan Felipe Herrera was appointed by Gov Jerry Brown in March 2012 122 The position is currently vacant It was last held by Dana Gioia from 2015 to 2018 123 124 Counties edit Kern County s first poet laureate was chosen in 2016 Don Thompson 125 Lake County s first poet laureate Jim Lyle was chosen in 1998 126 Marin County s first Poet Laureate was appointed in 2008 Albert Flynn DeSilver 127 Napa County s first poet laureate was appointed in 2002 Dorothy Lee Hansen 128 San Mateo County s first poet laureate was appointed in 2014 Caroline Goodwin She was followed by Lisa Rosenberg in 2017 and Aileen Casinetto in 2019 129 Santa Clara County appointed its first Poet Laureate in 2009 Nils Peterson 130 Ventura County appointed its first Poet Laureate Mary Kay Rummel in 2014 131 She was then followed by Phil Taggart in 2016 The current Poet Laureate in Ventura County is Luzmaria Espinosa Cities edit nbsp Luis Rodriguez Los Angeles Poet Laureate nbsp Genea Brice Jeremy Snyder and D L Lang poets laureate of Vallejo See also List of municipal poets laureate in California Albany chose its first poet laureate Christina Hutchins in 2008 132 Anaheim selected its first poet laureate Grant Hier in 2018 133 Benicia appointed its first poet laureate in 2006 Joel Fallon He was followed by Robert Shelby Ronna Leon Lois Requist Don Peery Johanna Ely Tom Stanton and Mary Susan Gast Kathy Monroe was appointed on November 15 2023 134 Berkeley selected its first Poet Laureate in 2017 Rafael Jesus Gonzalez 135 Before this in 2004 Julia Vinograd had been recognised officially as Berkeley s unofficial poet laureate 136 Cupertino s first Poet Laureate Dave Denny was selected in 2010 El Cerrito selected its first poet laureate Maw Shein Win in summer 2016 Fairfield s first poet laureate was Juanita J Martin 137 138 She was succeeded by Bonnie DiMichele 139 and Suzanne Bruce 140 East Palo Alto s Poet Laureate is Kalamu Chache Fresno selected James Tyner as its first poet laureate in 2013 141 Glendale selected Raffi Joe Wartanian as its first poet laureate in 2023 142 Livermore s first poet laureate was Connie Post Los Angeles selected its first poet laureate Eloise Klein Healy in December 2012 143 Oakland selected its first poet laureate Ayodele Nzinga in June 2021 Richmond s poet laureate program began in 2004 with three laureates Brenda Quintanilla student Donte Clark non senior adult Lincoln Bergman senior 144 Sacramento s first poets laureate were Dennis Schmitz and Viola Weinberg who served two years beginning in 2000 145 San Francisco s first poet laureate Lawrence Ferlinghetti was selected in 1998 He was followed by Janice Mirikitani Devorah Major Jack Hirschman Diane di Prima Alejandro Murguia and Kim Shuck The current poet laureate is Tongo Eisen Martin 146 Santa Barbara s first poet laureate was Barry Spacks appointed in 2005 He was followed by Perie Longo David Starkey Paul Willis Chryss Yost Sojourner Kincaid Rolle Enid Osborn and Laure Anne Bosselaar The current poet laureate is Emma Trelles 147 148 Vallejo s first poet laureate was Genea Brice appointed in 2015 followed by D L Lang in 2017 149 150 and Jeremy Snyder 151 Jacalyn Eyvonne and Kathleen Herrmann serve concurrently as poets laureate for Vallejo 152 Colorado edit nbsp John Denver was named poet laureate of Colorado in 1974Main article Poets Laureate of Colorado Colorado Poets Laureate are currently appointed to four year terms They are nominated by Colorado Creative Industries and Colorado Humanities amp Center for the Book and chosen by the Governor 153 Alice Polk Hill was the first poet laureate of Colorado serving from 1919 to 1921 154 155 Successors include Thomas Hornsby Ferril Mary Crow David Mason Bobby LeFebre and Andrea Gibson 155 The State of Colorado also appointed singer songwriter writer John Denver in 1974 156 Cities edit Chris Ransick served as poet laureate of Denver 2006 to 2010 157 Janice Gould served as poet laureate of Pikes Peak from 2014 to 2016 158 Connecticut edit Main article Poets Laureate of Connecticut The Poet Laureate of Connecticut was established in 1985 by Public Act 85 221 of the Connecticut General Assembly 159 Five year residents of the state with a demonstrated career in poetry are eligible for the honorary appointment as an advocate for poetry and literary arts 160 James Merill was the first poet laureate of Connecticut serving from 1985 to 1995 160 159 His successors include Leo Connellan Marilyn Nelson John Hollander Dick Allen Margaret Gibson 160 159 Antoinette Brim Bell is the current poet laureate for Connecticut 160 Delaware edit nbsp Amiri Baraka the second and final poet laureate of New JerseyMain article Poets Laureate of Delaware Poets are appointed to the position by the governor The first poet laureate of Delaware was Edna Deemer Leach appointed in 1947 161 Nnamdi Chukwuocha and Albert Mills twin brothers who are known as the Twin Poets were appointed 17th Poets Laureate of the State of Delaware on December 13 2015 162 According to the Library of Congress 163 they are the first co laureates appointed by a state and the first siblings to share the position 164 165 Predecessors include Fleda Brown and JoAnn Balingit 163 Florida edit Main article Poets Laureate of Florida Poets Laureate of Florida are appointed by the governor and the Division of Arts and Culture 166 They first served lifetime unpaid appointments until June 20 2014 when HB 513 established a four year term The first poet laureate of Florida was Franklin L Wood 167 appointed in 1929 and died soon after assuming office 168 Vivian Laramore Rader was appointed in 1931 and served until her death in 1975 Edmund Skellings was appointed in 1980 A stroke that impaired his speech and limited his ability to do all of his official duties He died August 19 2012 leaving the post vacant 167 Peter Meinke currently holds this position and was appointed on June 15 2015 168 Georgia edit Main article Poet Laureate of Georgia U S state Frank Lebby Stanton served from 1925 to 1927 as Georgia s first poet laureate 169 Successors include Ernest Neal Conrad Aiken David Bottoms Judson Mitcham and Chelsea Rathburn 169 Hawaii edit nbsp Kealoha Poet laureate of HawaiiMain article Poets Laureate of Hawaii Prior to statehood Don Blanding originally from Oklahoma was unofficially referred to as the poet laureate of Hawaii 170 In 1951 Hawaii Territorial Senator Thelma Akana Harrison in concurrent resolution 28 declared Lloyd Stone who was originally from California poet laureate 171 When the modern program was established Native Hawaiian Kealoha was appointed on May 3 2012 by Governor Neil Abercrombie 172 and he is the first poet laureate for the state of Hawaii serving through 2022 173 174 175 176 Idaho edit Main article Poets Laureate of Idaho Irene Welch Grissom served from 1923 to 1948 as Idaho s first poet laureate 177 Sudie Stuart Hager served as the second poet laureate from 1949 to 1982 177 After 1982 the title was changed to Writer in Residence 177 Illinois edit nbsp John Prine posthumously received the title of honorary poet laureate of IllinoisMain article Poets Laureate of Illinois Illinois appointed its first poet laureate Howard Austin in 1936 followed by Carl Sandburg 1962 1967 and Gwendolyn Brooks 1968 2000 all with lifetime appointments The post is now a four year renewable award 178 The poet laureate from 2003 to 2017 was Kevin Stein 179 In 2020 Angela Jackson was named Illinois Poet Laureate 180 181 182 183 Singer songwriter John Prine was posthumously named an Honorary Poet Laureate 184 185 Indiana edit Main article Indiana State Poet Laureate Joyce Brinkman was appointed as the first poet laureate of Indiana serving from 2005 to 2008 186 Iowa edit Main article Poets Laureate of Iowa The position was created July 1 1999 by Subchapter 303 89 of the Iowa Code with a two year renewable term 187 Marvin Bell was Iowa s first Poet Laureate 187 from 2000 to 2004 followed by Robert Dana from 2004 to 2008 and Mary Swander from 2009 to 2019 Debra Marquart is the current Poet Laureate of Iowa 188 Her two year term started in May 2019 187 Kansas edit Main article Poets Laureate of Kansas Jonathan Holden served as Kansas first poet laureate from 2005 to 2007 189 Kentucky edit nbsp Frank X Walker poet laureate of KentuckyMain article Poet Laureate of Kentucky James Thomas Cotton Noe served as Kentucky s first poet laureate from 1926 to 1953 190 Louisiana edit Main article Poets Laureate of Louisiana Emma Wilson Emery served as Louisiana s first poet laureate from 1942 to 1970 191 The current poet laureate of Louisiana is Mona Lisa Saloy appointed in April 2021 Predecessors include Ava Leavell Haymon Julie Kane Peter Cooley and John Warner Smith Maine edit Main article Poets Laureate of Maine Kate Barnes served as Maine s first poet laureate from 1996 to 1999 The current poet laureate of Maine is Julia Bouwsna 192 Predecessors include Wesley McNair Baron Wormser and Betsy Sholl 193 Maryland edit Main article Poets Laureate of Maryland The current Poet Laureate of Maryland is Grace Cavalieri 194 Cities edit The city of Takoma Park Poet Laureate program established in 2005 honors the achievements of a local poet encouraging a wider appreciation of poetry and literature Kathleen O Toole currently holds the office Poet Laureate emeritus include Donald Berger 2005 2007 Anne Becker 2007 2011 and Merrill Leffler 2011 2018 195 Massachusetts edit Further information List of municipal poets laureate in Massachusetts The state of Massachusetts does not currently have a poet laureate position 196 197 However many cities in Massachusetts have appointed poets laureate Cities edit nbsp Patrick Donnelly Poet Laureate of Northampton MA Miriam Levine was appointed the first poet laureate of Arlington in 2015 198 Sam Cornish was appointed the first Boston poet laureate in 2008 succeeded in 2015 by Danielle Legros Georges 199 The current Poet Laureate of Boston is Porsha Olayiwola 200 Martin Espada was the first poet laureate of Northampton in 2003 201 Successors include Janet Aalfs and Patrick Donnelly 201 Stephan Delbos was appointed the first poet laureate of Plymouth in 2020 202 203 Everett Hoagland 204 was appointed the first Poet Laureate of the City of New Bedford Successors have included John Landry 205 and Patricia Gomes 206 Sarah Jane Mulvey 207 is the current Poet Laureate of the City of New Bedford Michigan edit Edgar A Guest served as Michigan Poet Laureate from 1952 through 1959 having been appointed Poet Laureate through Senate Concurrent Resolution No 38 1952 of the Michigan Legislature 208 State lawmakers made three separate unsuccessful attempts to reinstate a poet laureate position in 2000 2005 and 2019 208 In 2023 Nandi Comer was appointed poet laureate 209 Minnesota edit nbsp Robert Bly was the first poet laureate of MinnesotaMain article Poets Laureate of Minnesota In May 2007 Gov Pawlenty reversed his opposition and signed Section 4 Chapter 148 of the Minnesota Session Laws 2007 establishing the state poet laureate Robert Bly was appointed the first Minnesota poet laureate on February 27 2008 succeeded on August 23 2011 by Joyce Sutphen Dr Gwen Westerman was appointed as the third Minnesota poet laureate on September 9 2021 by Governor Tim Walz 210 Mississippi edit Main article Poets Laureate of Mississippi In 1963 Governor Ross Barnett appointed Mississippi s first Poet Laureate Maude Willard Leet Prenshaw In 1973 Louise Moss Montgomery was named laureate by Gov William Waller Gov Cliff Finch appointed Winifred Hamrick Farrar laureate in 1978 All three poets laureate served lifetime terms Beginning in 2012 Mississippi poets laureate now serve four year terms Natasha Tretheway served as the Poet Laureate of Mississippi from 2012 to 2016 On August 10 2016 Beth Ann Fennelly assumed the position 211 Missouri edit Main article Poets Laureate of Missouri Walter Bargen served as Missouri s first poet laureate from 2008 to 2010 212 Montana edit nbsp Henry Real Bird was poet laureate of Montana in 2009Main article Poets Laureate of Montana Sandra Alcosser was Montana s first poet laureate serving in the position from 2005 to 2007 213 Nebraska edit Main article Poets Laureate of Nebraska John G Neihardt was appointed as Nebraskas first poet laureate in 1921 and served until November 3 1973 214 Nevada edit Main article Poets Laureate of Nevada Mildred Breedlove served as the first poet laureate of Nevada from 1957 to 2007 215 New Hampshire edit Main article Poets Laureate of New Hampshire Paul Scott Mowrer was appointed as New Hampshire s first poet laureate and served from 1968 to 1971 216 The current poet laureate of New Hampshire is Alexandria Peary appointed October 2019 217 Predecessors include W E Butts Richard Eberhart Patricia Fargnoli Cynthia Huntington and Jane Kenyon New Jersey edit Main article Poet Laureate of New Jersey New Jersey had a poet laureate program until from 2000 to 2003 appointing poet Gerald Stern followed by Amiri Baraka The position was eliminated in 2003 218 New Mexico edit See also List of municipal poets laureate in New Mexico In 2020 New Mexico appointed its first poet laureate Levi Romero 219 Cities edit Hakim Bellamy was appointed the first poet laureate of Albuquerque in 2012 219 Kayt Peck was appointed the first poet laureate of Las Vegas New Mexico in 2021 219 Arthur Sze was appointed the first poet laureate of Santa Fe in 2006 219 Valerie Martinez is among his successors Bonnie Buckley Maldonado was appointed the first poet laureate of Silver City in 2012 219 Sawnie Morris was appointed the first poet laureate of Taos in 2018 219 New York edit nbsp Alicia Ostriker New York State Poet LaureateMain article Poets Laureate of New York The position of New York State Poet Laureate official title State Poet was established by a special mandate of the New York State Legislature on August 1 1985 220 Willie Perdomo is the current New York state poet laureate 220 Predecessors include John Ashbery Billy Collins Jane Cooper Robert Creeley Richard Howard Marie Howe Stanley Kunitz Audre Lorde Sharon Olds Alicia Ostriker and Jean Valentine 220 In 1988 New York also established position for other genres of writing entitled New York State Author 221 In 2016 Governor Andrew Cuomo also named Joseph Tusiani Poet Laureate Emeritus 222 In 2004 Ishle Yi Park became first female and the first Korean American poet laureate of the New York City borough of Queens 223 North Carolina edit Main article North Carolina Poet Laureate The 1935 General Assembly created the office of state poet laureate and empowers the Governor to appoint a North Carolina Poet Laureate 224 Jaki Shelton Green has been North Carolina s Poet Laureate since 2018 225 Cities edit The city of Durham North Carolina selected DJ Rogers as its first poet laureate in 2022 226 North Dakota edit Main article Poets Laureate of North Dakota Corbin A Waldron was the first poet laureate of North Dakota from 1957 to 1978 227 Ohio edit Main article Poets Laureate of Ohio The state of Ohio created the position of Poet Laureate in 2014 Dr Amit Majmudar of Dublin Ohio was named the first state Poet Laureate by Gov John Kasich for a two year term beginning January 1 2016 Kari Gunter Seymour is the current Poet Laureate of Ohio Her term began on June 10 2020 228 Oklahoma edit nbsp Nathan Brown Poet Laureate of Oklahoma 2013Main article Poets Laureate of Oklahoma The state of Oklahoma named Violet McDougal its first poet laureate in 1923 229 230 231 Joe Kreger who first served from 1998 to 2001 was appointed a second term as Oklahoma s poet laureate from 2021 to 2022 232 The current poet laureate of Oklahoma is Jay Snider 233 Cities edit Norman Oklahoma selected its first poet laureate Dr Julie Ann Ward in April 2022 234 Norman is the first city in Oklahoma to have its own poet laureate 234 Oregon edit Main article Oregon Poet Laureate The position of Oregon Poet Laureate was established in 1923 appointing Edwin Markham as the first poet laureate 235 Anis Mojgani was appointed to the position in 2020 236 Pennsylvania edit nbsp Yolanda Wisher Poet Laureate of PhiladelphiaSamuel John Hazo served as Pennsylvania s first and only poet laureate from 1993 to 2003 before Governor Bob Casey eliminated the position 237 Florence Van Leer Earle Coates was elected poet laureate of Pennsylvania by the state Federation of Women s Clubs in 1915 238 Counties edit Bucks County named Nicole Steinberg first poet laureate in 2021 239 Lancaster County s Lancaster Literary Guild named Barbara Buckman Strasko the first poet laureate of the county 240 Cities edit Harrisburg named Rick Kearns poet laureate in 2014 241 Philadelphia named Airea D Matthews poet laureate of the city in 2022 239 Her predecessors include Trapeta Mayson Raquel Salas Rivera Sonia Sanchez Frank Sherlock and Yolanda WisherRhode Island edit Main article Poets Laureate of Rhode Island The State Poet of Rhode Island established in 1987 is codified in Chapter 42 100 of the State of Rhode Island General Laws 242 The five year appointment by the Governor carries an annual salary of 1 000 243 Michael Steven Harper served as Rhode Island s first poet laureate from 1988 to 1993 244 South Carolina edit Main article South Carolina Poet Laureate Archibald Rutledge was the first poet laureate of South Carolina serving from 1934 to 1973 245 South Dakota edit Main article Poets Laureate of South Dakota Charles Badger Clark was the first poet laureate of South Dakota appointed in 1937 246 The current poet laureate is Bruce Roseland It s an honor to stand among those who have come before me Roseland said There are many people in South Dakota who write as well as I do and most of them write better To represent South Dakota in this form of writing poetry I m very happy about it I hope to be an ambassador 247 Tennessee edit Main article Poets Laureate of Tennessee Pek Gunn a native of Bold Spring Tennessee and a close friend and politically ally of former Governor of Tennessee Frank Clement was the first Tennessean given the title of State Poet Laureate in the 1970s Margaret Britton Vaughn is the current Poet Laureate she is serving her lifetime appointment since 1999 248 Texas edit nbsp Jack Elliott Myers was poet laureate of Texas in 2003Main article Poet Laureate of Texas The state of Texas established a Poet Laureate in 1932 historical list of Texas poets laureate The term as of 2016 is one year 249 Cities edit In April 2012 San Antonio became the first Texas city to appoint a Poet Laureate Carmen Tafolla 250 The San Antonio Poet Laureate serves a two year term Laurie Ann Guerrero was appointed on April 1 2014 251 Utah edit Main article Poets Laureate of Utah The state of Utah has appointed a Poet Laureate since 1997 252 The first was David Lee January 24 1997 to December 2002 followed by Ken Brewer January 24 2003 to March 15 2006 Katharine Coles October 27 2006 to May 2012 Lance Larsen appointed May 3 2012 by Governor Gary Herbert and Paisley Rekdal appointed by Governor Gary Herbert in May 2017 253 The current Poet Laureate in Utah is Lisa Bickmore appointed in April 2022 254 Vermont edit Main article Poets Laureate of Vermont Robert Frost was the first poet laureate of Vermont serving from 1961 to 1963 255 Virginia edit Main article Poet Laureate of Virginia The Commonwealth of Virginia has appointed a Poet Laureate since December 18 1936 The first was Carter Warner Wormeley appointed for life Appointments from 1942 until 1992 were for one year with many reappointed for multiple terms In 1992 the term was increased to two years Since 1998 appointments are made from list of nominees presented by the Poetry Society of Virginia established at the College of William amp Mary in Williamsburg Virginia in 1923 256 The current Poet Laureate is Luisa A Igloria 256 Washington edit nbsp Ella Higginson first Poet Laureate of WashingtonMain article Poet Laureate of Washington The State of Washington has officially appointed a Poet Laureate since 2007 257 though Poets Laureate have been unofficially appointed by the Washington State Federation of Women s Clubs since 1931 when Ella Rhoads Higginson was named as the State s first Poet Laureate 258 Samuel Green was named as Washington s first official Poet Laureate in 2007 and served until 2009 259 Poets Laureate of Washington are appointed for a two year term by the Governor of Washington 260 The current Poet Laureate of Washington is Rena Priest a member of the Lummi Nation and the first Indigenous person appointed to the post She was appointed in 2021 and will serve until 2023 261 CountiesClark Countycurrent Clark County Poet Laureate is Armin Tolentino serving 2021 2024former Clark Count Poet Laureate is Gwendolyn Morgan serving 2018 2020Inaugural Clark County Poet Laureate Christopher Luna 2013 2018 West Virginia edit Main article Poets Laureate of West Virginia Karl Myers served as the first poet laureate of West Virginia from 1927 to 1937 262 Wisconsin edit Main article Poets Laureate of Wisconsin The current Poet Laureate of Wisconsin is Dasha Kelly Hamilton 2021 2022 263 Wyoming edit Main article Poets Laureate of Wyoming Eugene Gagliano has been the Poet Laureate of Wyoming since July 2016 264 References edit POET LAUREATE definition and meaning Collins English Dictionary Poet laureate Definition amp Meaning Merriam Webster Publishers HarperCollins The American Heritage Dictionary entry poet laureate www ahdictionary com Robert Weiss The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity Oxford 1973 Ernest Hatch Wilkins The Making of the Canzoniere and Other Petrarchan Studies 1951 9 69 noted in Weiss 1973 32 a b Young People s Poet Laureate Poetry Foundation Retrieved May 4 2019 http www pikespeakpoetlaureate org current poet html Archived March 1 2013 at the Wayback Machine Pikes Peak Poet Laureate Poet Laureate the League of Minnesota Poets Archived from the original on June 26 2012 Retrieved August 15 2012 www northamptonartscouncil org Retrieved December 26 2015 http www northamptonartscouncil org Archived July 26 2012 at the Wayback Machine Northampton Arts Council Robert Weiss The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity Oxford 1973 20 Ernest Hatch Wilkins The Making of the Canzoniere and Other Petrarchan Studies 1951 9 69 noted in Weiss 1973 32 Weiss 1973 Valentina Gosetti Australia is to have a poet laureate how will the first appointment define us as a nation The Conversation 30 January 2023 https theconversation com australia is to have a poet laureate how will the first appointment define us as a nation 198769 Australian poet laureate The Argus Melbourne Victoria Australia May 3 1945 p 5 Retrieved June 21 2020 via Trove Noonan Kathleen October 12 2009 Australia needs a poet laureate news com au Retrieved June 21 2020 Schwartz Steven February 28 2018 Australia needs a Poet Laureate The Centre for Independent Studies Retrieved June 21 2020 Brunton Stephens Australian Poet Laureate The Week Queensland Australia July 6 1894 p 10 Retrieved June 21 2020 via Trove Gallery of Australian authors Banjo Paterson Poet Laureate Queensland Times Queensland Australia April 15 1933 p 10 Daily Retrieved June 21 2020 via Trove McNab Heather June 12 2019 Australia s unofficial poet laureate Les Murray farewelled Australian Financial Review Retrieved June 21 2020 Shooman Joe July 3 2018 I d love to see poetry explode Zing magazine Retrieved September 28 2020 Sealy John March 14 2018 Esther Phillips is Barbados first ever poet laureate Nation News Retrieved September 28 2020 a b c Els Moors the new Belgian Poet Laureate Flanders literature www flandersliterature be Meet Belgium s first Poet Laureate Poetry International Archives Archived from the original on February 7 2020 Retrieved February 6 2020 Dutch language poet Charles Ducal a b BERSONG EURO PINOY A FESTIVAL OF EUROPEAN AND FILIPINO POETRY AIRS LIVE ON 27 MAY EEAS Website www eeas europa eu THE PARLIAMENTARY POET LAUREATE Parliament of Canada Retrieved August 8 2022 a b c d e f g h Former Poets Laureate Parliament of Canada Retrieved August 8 2022 a b c d e f g h FAQ US States Poets Laureate Library of Congress Retrieved August 8 2022 Current Poet Laureate Parliament of Canada Retrieved August 8 2022 Calgary Poet Laureate Calgary Arts Development Micheline Maylor named Calgary s poet laureate Calgary Herald April 25 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Calgary s new poet laureate is Micheline Maylor CBC ca Retrieved May 10 2016 The Poets Laureate of Canada NUVO Magazine Retrieved November 13 2016 Kris Demeanor named Calgary s first poet laureate Archived October 22 2020 at the Wayback Machine Calgary Herald March 18 2012 Banff Poet Laureate Titilope Sonuga named Edmonton s ninth poet laureate edmontonjournal Retrieved July 27 2022 Edmonton s Poet Laureate Edmontonarts ca Retrieved August 11 2022 Remembering the life of Edward BLODGETT 1935 2018 Comox Valley Poet Laureate Program Comox Valley Community Arts Council March 30 2017 Retrieved August 8 2022 Poet Laureate www nanaimo ca Poet Laureate www newwestcity ca City of Surrey Poet Laureate Program Surrey Libraries May 3 2019 Retrieved August 8 2022 Rasti komitet yabloko vserez gleb Otvet blizkij pozdnij front chastnost hleb udacha perchatka Cel projti uho sleza chistota kozhanyj Umeret slozhnyj pyatdesyat marka dvigatel legenda rycar nyom melkat snyatie Turciya pavlovich zhalost devyanosto ruslo proshanie cirk Vancouver City of Vancouver s Poet Laureate vancouver ca Poet Laureate City of Victoria Winnipeg Poet Laureate The Winnipeg Arts Council winnipegarts ca Poet Laureates Poetes laureats Poesie Moncton Poetry poesiemonctonpoetry Poet Laureate Laura K Watson Town of Sackville Tower Katie Shoshanna Wingate appointed Sackville s new Poet Laureate SaltWire www saltwire com Poet Laureate City Of St John s www stjohns ca Rita Joe ATLANTIC CANADIAN POETS ARCHIVE Rita Joe The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Halifax s Poet Laureate www halifax ca Ontario s first poet laureate on what introspective arts can do for youth CBC News Retrieved August 8 2022 Poet Laureate www barrie ca a b Brantford s Poet Laureate coming to Sarnia theobserver https www cbc ca news entertainment poets laureate compare notes in halifax 1 975439 Archived August 8 2022 at the Wayback Machine bare URL Poet Laureate www cobourg ca July 22 2020 Beatty Liz September 16 2017 Harry Posner In The Hills Canada s Poets Laureate League of Canadian Poets Poet Laureate City of Kingston www cityofkingston ca https www cbc ca news canada london london poet laureate bad animals 1 4688043 Archived August 8 2022 at the Wayback Machine bare URL Poet Laureate London Arts Council LAC official site Parks Recreation and Cultural Services July 1 2022 Ottawa Poet Laureate Program ottawa ca Poets Laureate verseottawa ca Poet laureate s term extended legacy project launching Tuesday owensoundsuntimes Kyla Heyming Selected as Greater Sudbury s Seventh Poet Laureate www greatersudbury ca Pickrell Alana March 12 2020 Sudbury names its 6th poet laureate Northern Ontario a b Poet Laureate City of Toronto August 18 2017 Retrieved August 8 2022 Poet Laureate amp Storytellers www citywindsor ca Rivers Heather July 18 2018 He is known as the people s poet Woodstock Sentinel Review Retrieved August 8 2022 Toolkit August 18 2016 John Smith Poet Laureate 2002 2004 Experience www princeedwardisland ca CBC ca Arts P E I appoints poet laureate Poet Laureate Government of Prince Edward Island April 11 2016 Retrieved August 8 2022 a b Canada s Poets Laureate League of Canadian Poets Retrieved August 8 2022 Yukon Poet Laureate Yukon Poet Laureate Retrieved August 8 2022 Commissioner introduces first Story Laureate of Yukon yukon ca October 16 2020 Retrieved October 22 2022 Tsegaye Gabre Medhin tsegaye se Retrieved August 21 2019 a b c German President elect has an Indian intellectual connection Business Standard India March 15 2017 via Business Standard Service Tribune News Punjab born German poet laureate Rajvinder Singh dies Tribuneindia News Service Punjab born German writer Rajvinder Singh passes away in Berlin Hindustan Times December 18 2021 Pisharoty Sangeeta Barooah September 1 2012 East and West meet in me The Hindu via www thehindu com Pioneer The Indian origin poet Rajvinder Singh excels in German oeuvre The Pioneer Acclaimed community theatre artiste Channi succumbs to virus The Statesman May 22 2021 Hugh Montgomery Massingberd Burke s Irish Family Records 1976 p 634 Archived October 23 2021 at the Wayback Machine a b Former Poets Laureate National Library of Jamaica Retrieved August 7 2022 poet laureate of Jamaica National Library of Jamaica Retrieved August 7 2022 Auckland professor named NZ Poet Laureate The New Zealand Herald December 5 2007 Archived from the original on February 23 2013 Retrieved September 12 2011 New Zealand Poet Laureate Archived from the original on January 6 2012 Retrieved January 5 2012 Poet Laureate Award Retrieved March 14 2020 Chumko Andre August 25 2022 Chris Tse is New Zealand s next poet laureate Stuff Retrieved April 25 2023 a b c Jang Jin sung 2014 Chapter 1 Psychological Warfare Dear Leader Poet Spy Escapee A Look Inside North Korea 37 Ink ISBN 978 1476766553 Marko Zivkovic 2011 Serbian Dreambook National Imaginary in the Time of Milosevic Indiana University Press p 32 ISBN 978 0 253 22306 7 Nicholson Baker October 9 2014 The Paul Chowder Chronicles The Anthologist and Traveling Sprinkler Two Novels Penguin Publishing Group p 263 ISBN 978 0 698 18173 1 Laurence Mitchell 2013 Serbia Bradt Travel Guides p 49 ISBN 978 1 84162 463 1 Charles A Ward Shashko Philip Donald E Pienkos 1980 Studies in Ethnicity The East European Experience in America Boulder East European Monographs New York p 114 ISBN 978 0 914710 67 7 Redazione La Sierra Leone conferisce a Roberto Malini e Dario Picciau le onorificenze di Poet Laureate e Artist Laureate Archived from the original on December 27 2015 Retrieved December 26 2015 a b Hunt for next poet laureate still on as Imtiaz Dharker says no to job The Guardian May 3 2019 Retrieved May 4 2019 Simon Armitage Witty and profound writer to be next Poet Laureate BBC News May 10 2019 Retrieved May 10 2019 Children s Laureate Book Trust Retrieved May 4 2019 MacDonald John 1964 MacKenzie Annie ed Orain Iain Luim Songs of John MacDonald Bard of Keppoch The Scottish Gaelic Texts Society pp xxxviii Liz Lochhead confirmed as new Scots Makar BBC News January 19 2011 Kathleen Jamie Scottish Poetry Library Retrieved May 9 2022 POETRY THE NAMES pbs org September 6 2002 Archived from the original on October 2 2002 Retrieved December 28 2019 Hawgood Alex November 3 2017 Meet Amanda Gorman America s First Youth Poet Laureate Published 2017 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2021 State Poets Laureate A Resource Guide Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 a b c DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities History of the Office of the Poet Laureate Retrieved 22 January 2014 Beasley Sandra February 5 2021 D C needs a poet laureate Retrieved July 30 2022 Alabama Georgia Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Joseph D Whitaker January 16 1989 Poet Sterling Allen Brown Dies Washington Post retrieved August 26 2020 Dolores Kendrick Poet Laureate of DC dies at 90 WJLA TV November 8 2017 retrieved August 26 2020 Poets Laureate of Alabama Official Symbols and Emblems of Alabama Alabama Department of Archives and History January 13 2010 Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved October 5 2011 Jeremy Gray July 24 2012 Former reporter Pulitzer runner up named poet Alabama laureate The Birmingham News Retrieved July 24 2012 a b Library of Congress U S State Poets Laureate Alaska Archived July 30 2022 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 31 January 2014 State Writer Laureate Alaska Humanities Forum Retrieved August 1 2022 Alberto Alvaro Rios public asu edu Poets Academy of American About Alberto Rios Academy of American Poets poets org Celebrated Poet Alberto Alvaro Rios Named as Arizona s Inaugural Poet Laureate AZ Arts August 19 2013 Retrieved August 3 2022 Arizona Library of Congress Retrieved August 3 2022 Alabama Georgia Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 California State Government CA Codes 8760 8765 State Covernement Codes California State Government Archived from the original on September 20 2012 Retrieved August 11 2012 California State Government California Arts Council California State Poet Laureate California State Government Archived from the original on July 26 2013 Miller Beteye March 21 2012 Juan Felipe Herrera Named California Poet Laureate UCR Today To rhyme s no crime says poet Dana Gioia March 22 2016 Retrieved July 23 2016 Hitting the Road With California s Poet Laureate July 10 2016 Retrieved July 23 2016 kernarts org poet laureate 2 kernarts org Archived from the original on June 9 2018 Retrieved August 21 2019 entertainment arts and theatre the poet s spotlight jim lyle thrives and writes in article 67595d70 d0d3 5467 b91f 112308c4b6f9 napavalleyregister com Retrieved August 21 2019 Poet Laureate of Marin 2019 2021 Marin County Free Library marinlibrary org Retrieved August 21 2019 news local napans gather saturday in memory of dotty article 58a24e42 54e4 11df 9d35 001cc4c03286 napavalleyregister com Retrieved August 21 2019 San Mateo County Poet Laureate The Power of Poetry and Spoken Word sanmateocountypoet org Retrieved August 21 2019 Santa Clara County in Poetry 2009 2011 County News County of Santa Clara sccgov org Retrieved August 21 2019 Mary Kay Rummel Poets amp Writers Retrieved March 28 2023 Benjamin Laurel April 15 2011 Albany s First Poet Laureate Builds Lyrical Bridge Between City Community Albany Patch Albany Retrieved May 11 2016 Anaheim Poet Laureate Karina Monroe is Benicia s new poet laureate Fairfield Daily Republic December 3 2023 Retrieved December 3 2023 Clerk City Council 2017 09 Sep Documents Proclamation 09 12 2017 Poet Laureate cityofberkeley info Archived from the original on November 9 2019 Retrieved August 21 2019 Whiting Sam December 9 2018 Julia Vinograd Berkeley poet known as the Bubble Lady dies San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved December 9 2018 Maginnis Honey Amy Poet laureate visits Wednesday Club to share her new book Fairfield Daily Republic Retrieved July 22 2022 Maginnis Honey Amy November 6 2010 City names 1st poet laureate PDF Fairfield Daily Republic Retrieved July 22 2022 National Volunteer Appreciation Week April 17 23 2022 City of Fairfield Retrieved July 22 2022 City of Fairfield names Suzanne Bruce as poet laureate for two year term City of Fairfield Retrieved July 22 2022 Robin Young and Jeremy Hobson May 30 2013 Why Fresno Is The Land Of Poets wbur Boston s NPR Station Raffi Joe Wartanian Named Glendale s First Poet Laureate www glendaleca gov March 28 2023 Archived from the original on July 20 2023 Retrieved August 18 2023 Hector Tobar December 7 2012 Eloise Klein Healy accepts L A poet laureate post in ceremony Los Angeles Times Three poets laureate selected to represent Richmond over next two years Archived May 13 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Richmond Standard July 14 2014 Accessed May 11 2016 Dennis Schmitz dies at 82 the author and professor was Sacramento s first poet laureate Archived September 21 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Vincent Moleski Sacramento Bee 18 Sept 2018 Accessed 18 Jan 2020 San Francisco Poet Laureate San Francisco Public Library sfpl org Retrieved August 21 2019 Emma Trelles to Become City of Santa Barbara s Next Poet Laureate Santa Barbara Independent April 05 2021 https www independent com 2021 04 05 emma trelles to become city of santa barbaras next poet laureate Archived April 5 2021 at the Wayback Machine Poet Laureate City of Santa Barbara Vallejo woman named city s first poet laureate Times Herald timesheraldonline com July 27 2015 Retrieved August 21 2019 Feb 7 Arts and Entertainment Poet laureate enjoys first year Times Herald timesheraldonline com February 5 2019 Retrieved August 21 2019 Jeremy Snyder is named Vallejo s 3rd Poet Laureate Vallejo Times Herald December 21 2019 Retrieved December 21 2019 Two women to serve as Vallejo s poets laureate Fairfield Daily Republic November 22 2023 Retrieved November 22 2023 Colorado Poet Laureate Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade OEDIT Retrieved August 2 2022 Colorado Poet Laureate Colorado Humanities Retrieved August 2 2022 a b Colorado State Poet Laureate State Poets Laureate of the United States Main Reading Room Library of Congress www loc gov Retrieved September 4 2019 John Denver Rolling Stone Retrieved December 26 2015 McGhee Tom November 5 2019 Chris Ransick former Denver poet laureate has died The Denver Post Retrieved August 2 2022 Janice M Gould Obituary The Gazette Retrieved August 2 2022 a b c Connecticut State Poets Library of Congress retrieved February 11 2020 a b c d State Poet Laureate Archives ct gov retrieved February 11 2020 Collecting Delaware Books Delaware s Poets Laureate jnjreid com Retrieved January 2 2020 Yasiejko Christopher December 13 2015 Delaware Poets Laureate For Twin Poets a lifetime of using art to reach Delawareans leads to a national first Delaware Division of the Arts Retrieved January 19 2019 a b Poets Laureate of Delaware Library of Congress Retrieved August 2 2022 An afternoon with the Delaware Poets Laureate set April 23 Cape Gazette April 1 2016 Governor Markell Appoints 17th Poets Laureate for the State of Delaware State of Delaware News December 16 2015 Retrieved August 2 2022 Florida Poet Laureate Division of Arts and Culture Retrieved August 2 2022 a b Florida needs a poet laureate but with term limits this time Archived February 3 2014 at the Wayback Machine October 24 2013 Time a b Florida State Poet Laureate State Poets Laureate of the United States Main Reading Room Library of Congress www loc gov Retrieved January 2 2020 a b Georgia The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Huffman Brian Make a Lei on May Day Workshop University of Hawaii Retrieved August 2 2022 Senate Journal Tongg Publishing Company Ltd 1951 Retrieved August 1 2022 Kealoha becomes Hawaii s first poet laureate Hawaii News Now May 4 2012 Retrieved August 1 2022 The Academy of American Poets Awards 1 1 Million to 22 Poet Laureate Fellows Across the Country in Support of Public Projects Academy of American Poets Retrieved August 2 2022 Poets academy gives 50 000 grants to local state laureates ABC News August 2 2022 Retrieved August 2 2022 Kealoha Academy of American Poets Retrieved August 2 2022 Hawaii The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 a b c Idaho The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Illinois State Poet Laureate State Poets Laureate of the United States Main Reading Room Library of Congress loc gov Retrieved August 21 2019 poetlaureate Pages bio illinois gov Archived from the original on September 12 2017 Retrieved August 21 2019 Belman Felice December 3 2020 In a Dark Season We Went Looking for Poetry The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 30 2021 Poet Laureate Angela Jackson IL Humanities Illinois Humanities Retrieved December 30 2021 Angela Jackson to Serve as Fifth Illinois Poet Laureate www2 illinois gov State of Illinois Retrieved December 12 2020 Ms Jackson s Biography Illinois Poet Laureate State of Illinois 2020 Archived from the original on July 30 2021 Retrieved December 12 2020 Kreps Daniel July 1 2020 John Prine Named Illinois First Honorary Poet Laureate Rolling Stone Penske Media Corporation Retrieved December 12 2020 Gov Pritzker Announces 2020 Illinois Poet Laureate Search Committee John Prine Bestowed Honorary Illinois Poet Laureate Designation Illinois gov Office of the Governor June 30 2020 Retrieved December 12 2020 Indiana The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 a b c Iowa Library of Congress Poets Laureate Fellows Interview Academy of American Poets Retrieved August 3 2022 Kansas The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Kentucky The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Louisiana The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Maine The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Poet Laureate History Maine Arts Commission Retrieved August 5 2022 Maryland The Library of Congress Retrieved March 11 2021 Poet Laureate Program City of Takoma Park Retrieved August 7 2022 Fox Jeremy C December 4 2014 Bill would create first official Massachusetts poet laureate Boston Globe retrieved July 31 2022 Massachusetts State Poets Library of Congress retrieved July 31 2022 Minutes of Arlington Poet Laureate Committee Meeting Town Of Arlington MA Website July 2 2015 Retrieved April 2 2021 We chose Miriam Levine to be the first Poet Laureate of Arlington Boston s new poet laureate wants to make poetry comfortable for all the Boston Globe Boston Globe Meet Porsha Olayiwola Boston s new Poet Laureate Boston Globe a b Poet Laureate Northampton Arts Council Retrieved July 31 2022 Plymouth Stephan Delbos Kudos for Porter Square Books a laureate for Plymouth the Boston Globe Boston Globe Hoagland Everett H 1942 Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Retrieved August 30 2023 Admin Library Systems April 10 2007 John Landry New Bedford s newest poet laureate University Library News Blog Retrieved August 30 2023 Patricia Gomes Named New Bedford Poet Laureate New Bedford Guide April 28 2014 Retrieved August 30 2023 Chitwood Seth New Bedford s poet laureate one of only 6 in MA is reshaping how people think of poetry New Bedford Standard Times Retrieved August 30 2023 a b Michigan Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Award Winning Poet Named Michigan s Poet Laureate Michigan Department of Education April 12 2023 Retrieved April 13 2023 Gwen Nell Westerman is the new Minnesota poet laureate MPR News September 9 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 Mississippi State Poet Laureate State Poets Laureate of the United States Main Reading Room Library of Congress www loc gov Retrieved May 13 2019 Missouri The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Montana The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Nebraska The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Nevada The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 New Hampshire The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Londonderry poet takes state honor The Eagle Tribune November 12 2019 retrieved December 27 2019 New Jersey The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 a b c d e f Poets Laureate New Mexico State Library Retrieved July 30 2022 a b c New York The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 State Author and State Poet honorees New York State Writers Institute Retrieved August 4 2022 Governor Cuomo Announces New York s Biennial State Author amp Poet New York State Archived from the original on April 2 2017 Retrieved August 4 2022 Ishle Yi Park www poetryfoundation org Poetry Foundation Retrieved August 21 2022 title missing About the North Carolina Poet Laureate PDF Retrieved July 12 2021 North Carolina Poet Laureate www ncarts org Retrieved July 12 2021 Wray Maddie July 27 2022 Durham s First Poet Laureate Is Empowering Others to Tell Their Own Stories Indy Week Retrieved July 30 2022 North Dakota The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Ohio The Library of Congress Retrieved March 11 2021 Oklahoma State Poet Laureate State Poets Laureate of the United States Main Reading Room Library of Congress Loc gov Retrieved July 24 2022 Poets Laureate The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Okhistory org Retrieved July 24 2022 Oklahoma Arts Council Oklahoma State Poet Laureate Arts ok gov Retrieved July 24 2022 Martin Brandon April 22 2021 Joe Kreger named Oklahoma State Poet Laureate KOKH Retrieved July 24 2022 Watts James D December 21 2022 Rancher writer named state Poet Laureate Tulsa World Retrieved December 30 2022 a b Berry Jamie May 2022 First ever Norman poet laureate installed into position Norman Transcript Retrieved May 2 2022 Poet Laureate History Oregon Cultural Trust Retrieved July 30 2022 Oregon Poet Laureate Oregon Cultural Trust Retrieved July 30 2022 Pennsylvania Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Florence Van Leer Earle Nicholson Coates Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved August 6 2022 a b Poets Academy of American Pennsylvania Academy of American Poets poets org Retrieved January 13 2022 Barbara Buckman Strasko Biography barbarabuckmanstrasko com Retrieved January 13 2022 Society American Folklore September 15 2021 Hear from Harrisburg Creative Texts and Spoken Word Traditions The American Folklore Society Retrieved January 13 2022 Rhode Island State Poets Library of Congress retrieved February 11 2020 Chapter 42 100 State Poet State of Rhode Island General Laws retrieved February 11 2020 Rhode Island The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 South Carolina The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 South Dakota The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 South Dakota Poetry Society gets first choice for laureate SDPB August 28 2023 Retrieved August 29 2023 Tennessee The Library of Congress Retrieved March 11 2021 Texas Poets Laureate TSLAC Retrieved December 26 2015 Houston San Antonio and McAllen Hire Poet Laureates The Texas Observer August 13 2013 Retrieved December 26 2015 San Antonio s New Poet Laureate A Southside Writer Who Works With Her Hands The Rivard Report The Rivard Report April 2 2014 Retrieved December 26 2015 Utah State Poets Library of Congress retrieved February 24 2020 U English professor named Utah poet laureate Deseret News May 11 2017 Retrieved August 21 2019 Utah Poet Laureate Utah Division of Arts amp Museums retrieved February 24 2020 Vermont The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 a b Virginia The Library of Congress Retrieved March 11 2021 Jenkins Don April 20 2007 State creates position of poet laureate Tacoma News Tribune Retrieved May 12 2016 Higginson Ella Rhoads 1862 1940 historylink org History Ink Retrieved May 12 2016 Samuel Green arts gov National Endowment for the Arts Retrieved May 12 2016 Revised Code of Washington 43 46 081 Poet laureate program Code Reviser 2015 First Indigenous poet laureate appointed in Washington KOMO April 2 2021 Retrieved April 2 2021 West Virginia The Library of Congress Retrieved July 30 2022 Wisconsin Poet Laureate wisconsinacademy org Retrieved March 11 2021 governor wyo gov media news releases 2016 news releases governormeadappointseugenemgaglianoofbuffaloaspoetlaureate governor wyo gov Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved August 21 2019 External links editPoet Laureate of Canada Archived October 7 2008 at the Wayback Machine Map of Canadian Poets Laureate Poets Laureate of South Africa List of U S Poets Laureate at the Library of Congress Poets Laureate for the Commonwealth state of VIRGINIA United States of America via The Poetry Society of Virginia Poet Laureate of Winona Minnesota 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Poet laureate amp oldid 1206951230, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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