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Foreign relations of Belarus

November 28, 2023

The Byelorussian SSR was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the United Nations (the other being the Ukrainian SSR). Both republics and the Soviet Union joined the UN when the organization was founded in 1945.

Prior to 2001 edit

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, at which time Belarus gained its independence, Belarus became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), NATO's Partnership for Peace, the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The adoption by Supreme Council of the BSSR of the declaration of State Sovereignty of Belarus in 1990 was a turning point on the development of the state. It has also been in a supranational union with Russia since 2 April 1996, although this has had little practical effect.

Belarus–Russia relations edit

Further information: Foreign relations of Russia towards Belarus

The introduction of free trade between Russia and Belarus in mid-1995 led to a spectacular growth in bilateral trade, which was only temporarily reversed in the wake of the financial crisis of 1998. President Alexander Lukashenko sought to develop a closer relationship with Russia. The framework for the Union of Russia and Belarus was set out in the Treaty on the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus (1996), the Treaty on Russia-Belarus Union, the Union Charter (1997), and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State (1999). The integration treaties contained commitments to monetary union, equal rights, single citizenship, and a common defence and foreign policy.

Belarus–European Union relations edit

Main article: Belarus–European Union relations

Following the recognition of Belarus as an independent state in December 1991 by the European Community, EC/EU-Belarus relations initially experienced a steady progress. The signature of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) in 1995 signaled a commitment to political, economic and trade cooperation. Some assistance was provided to Belarus within the framework of the TACIS programme and also through various aid programs and loans. However, progress in EU-Belarus relations stalled in 1996 after serious setbacks to the development of democracy, and the Drazdy conflict.

The EU did not recognize the 1996 constitution, which replaced the 1994 constitution. The Council of the European Union decided against Belarus in 1997: The PCA was not concluded, nor was its trade-related part; Belarusian membership in the Council of Europe was not supported; bilateral relations at the ministerial level were suspended and EU technical assistance programs were frozen.

Acknowledging the lack of progress in relation to bilateral relations and the internal situation following the position adopted in 1997, the EU adopted a step-by-step approach in 1999, whereby sanctions would be gradually lifted upon fulfillment of the four benchmarks set by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. In 2000, some moderately positive developments toward the implementation of recommendations made by the OSCE AMG were observed but were not sufficient in the realm of access to fair and free elections.

Belarus–United States relations edit

Main article: Belarus–United States relations

The United States has encouraged Belarus to conclude and adhere to agreements with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on the program of macroeconomic stabilization and related reform measures, as well as to undertake increased privatization and to create a favorable climate for business and investment. Although there has been some American direct private investment in Belarus, its development has been relatively slow given the uncertain pace of reform. An Overseas Private Investment Corporation agreement was signed in June 1992 but has been suspended since 1995 because Belarus did not fulfill its obligations under the agreement.

Belarus is eligible for Export-Import Bank short-term financing insurance for U.S. investments, but because of the adverse business climate, no projects have been initiated. The IMF granted standby credit in September 1995, but Belarus has fallen off the program and did not receive the second tranche of funding, which had been scheduled for regular intervals throughout 1996.

The United States - along with the European Union - has restricted the travel of President Alexander Lukashenko and members of his inner circle, as well as imposing economic sanctions.[1]

Belarus–Estonia relations edit

Further information: Belarus-Estonia relations

Present situation (2001 onwards) edit

Relations with the European Union edit

Main article: Belarus–European Union relations

The structure of Belarus trade reflects the low competitiveness and output decline of manufacturing industry in the country over the past decade, leading to the predominance of primary production, work-intensive goods as exports. Belarusian exports to the EU consist mainly of agricultural and textile products, while imports from the EU are primarily machinery.

Belarus is a beneficiary of the EU's Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). The European Commission decided in 2003 to initiate an investigation into violations of freedom of association in Belarus as the first step towards a possible temporary withdrawal of the GSP from Belarus.

In December 2004, the EU adopted a position aimed at imposing travel restrictions on officials from Belarus responsible for the fraudulent parliamentary elections and referendum on 17 October 2004, and for human rights violations during subsequent peaceful political demonstrations in Minsk. The European Parliament released a statement in March 2005 in which it denounced the Belarusian government as a dictatorship. The European parliamentarians were primarily concerned about the suppression of independent media outlets in the country and the fraudulent referendum. A resolution of the European Parliament declared that the personal bank accounts of President Lukashenko and other high-ranking Belarusian officials should be tracked and frozen.

In 2005, Amnesty International reported a pattern of deliberate obstruction, harassment and intimidation of human rights defenders in Belarus. Reporters Without Borders accused the Belarusian authorities of hounding and arresting journalists from the country's Polish minority. Lukashenko has closed the country's main Polish newspaper, printing a bogus paper instead with the same name and size that praises his incumbent government. Several foreign, mainly Polish, journalists have been arrested or expelled from the country. Lukashenko accused Poland of an attempt to overthrow his government by stirring up a peaceful revolution in Belarus comparable to the Orange Revolution in Ukraine in 2004.

Later in 2005 the Belarusian riot police seized the headquarters of the Union of Poles in Belarus, an association representing the 400,000 ethnic minority Polish living in western areas the country that were part of Poland until World War II. The dispute between Poland and Belarus escalated further as Poland responded by recalling its ambassador from Belarus for indefinite consultations, and called on the European Union to impose sanctions on the Belarusian leadership in order to curtail the human rights abuses in Belarus. Belarusian papers described this as a 'dirty political game', and part of a 'cold war' waged on president Lukashenko. Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rotfeld said a clampdown was under way, aimed at destroying "all elements of political pluralism and independence" in Belarus.

 
Members of the Eastern Partnership

In August 2005 the EU's executive commission called for human rights to be respected in Belarus. The commission said it was considering offering support to independent media in the country and had set aside more than eight million euros from its budget to offer support for human rights activities. France expressed her solidarity with Poland on the issue of human rights in Belarus a day after the EU declared it was worried about the situation in that country. Several former Soviet Republics, including neighbouring Ukraine, also expressed their concerns about the development of the situation in Belarus.

In May 2009 Belarus and the EU agree on cooperation in the Eastern Partnership (EaP). However, it is contended by some scholars that the (EaP) is unable to create a workable partnership.[2] This proved to be correct when Belarus withdrew from the Partnership on 30 September 2011.[3]

In August 2012, Belarus expelled all Swedish diplomats, including the Swedish Ambassador to Belarus, Stefan Eriksson, and closed its embassy in Stockholm, after a Swedish public relations firm released teddy bears carrying pro-democracy flyers in parachutes from an airplane over Minsk on 4 July 2012. Lukashenko also fired his air defence chief and the head of the border guards over the incident. Their replacements have been told not to hesitate to use force to stop future intrusions from abroad.[4]

Relations with Russia edit

Main article: Belarus–Russia relations

Russia remains the largest and most important partner for Belarus both in the political and economic fields. After protracted disputes and setbacks, the two countries' customs duties were unified in March 2001 but the customs controls were soon restored. In terms of trade, almost half of Belarusian export goes to Russia. Due to the structure of Belarusian industry, Belarus relies heavily on Russia both for export markets and for the supply of raw materials and components.

After initial negotiation with the Russian Central Bank on monetary union, the Russian ruble was set to be introduced in Belarus in 2004, but this was postponed first until 2005, then until 2006, and now seems to have been suspended indefinitely.

Relations with the United States edit

Main article: Belarus–United States relations

Belarus has had an ongoing discussion to relaunch IMF-backed reforms, concluding an arrangement for an IMF Staff-monitored program (SMP) in 2001. However, the authorities did not follow through with reforms as hoped, leaving an uncertain future for IMF-backed cooperation. Belarus authorities have said on several occasions that they find IMF intervention and recommendations in Belarus counter-productive to the economic development of those countries. The relationships with the United States have been further strained, after Congress of the United States unanimously passed the Belarus Democracy Act of 2004.

On 7 March 2008 the government of Belarus ejected US Ambassador Karen B. Stewart from the country, following a row over travel restrictions placed on President Lukashenko and sanctions against state-owned chemical company Belneftekhim. The Belarusian Foreign Ministry announced at the same time that it was recalling its own ambassador to the US. This was followed by the expulsion of ten other U.S. embassy staff from Minsk in late April. At the same time the government of Belarus ordered the U.S. Embassy in Minsk to cut its staff by half.[5][6][7] A White House spokesman described the expulsion as "deeply disappointing".

Relations with other countries edit

Due to strained relations with the United States and the European Union, as well as occasional high-level disputes with Russia over prices on core imported natural resources such as oil and gas, Belarus aims to develop better relations with countries in other regions, like the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America.[8]

Hong Kong national security law edit

Belarus was one of 53 countries that in June 2020 supported the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations Human Rights Council.[9]

Nuclear weapons offer edit

In May 2023, the President of Belarus offered nuclear weapons to other countries who join Belarus and Russia. [10]

Diplomatic relations edit

List of countries with which Belarus maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   Ukraine 27 December 1991[11]
2   United States 28 December 1991[12]
3   Lithuania 30 December 1991[13]
4   Australia 9 January 1992[14]
5   Mexico 14 January 1992[15]
6   Sweden 14 January 1992[16]
7   China 20 January 1992[17]
8   Mongolia 24 January 1992[18]
9   Vietnam 24 January 1992[19]
10   France 25 January 1992[20]
11   Japan 26 January 1992[21]
12   Portugal 26 January 1992[22]
13   United Kingdom 27 January 1992[23]
14   Chile January 1992[24]
15   Egypt 1 February 1992[25]
16   North Korea 3 February 1992[26]
17   Denmark 4 February 1992[27]
18   Norway 4 February 1992[28]
19   Austria 5 February 1992[29]
20   Brazil 10 February 1992[30]
21   Liechtenstein 10 February 1992[31]
22   South Korea 10 February 1992[32]
23    Switzerland 10 February 1992[33]
24   Hungary 12 February 1992[34]
25   Spain 13 February 1992[35]
26   Romania 14 February 1992[36]
27   Bangladesh 21 February 1992[37]
28   Finland 26 February 1992[38]
29   Poland 2 March 1992[39]
30   Greece 5 March 1992[40]
31   Malaysia 5 March 1992[41]
32   Belgium 10 March 1992[42]
33   Germany 13 March 1992[43]
34   Netherlands 24 March 1992[44]
35   Turkey 25 March 1992[45]
36   Bulgaria 26 March 1992[46]
37   Israel 26 March 1992[47]
38   Ireland 27 March 1992[48]
39   Guinea 4 April 1992[49]
40   Estonia 6 April 1992[50]
41   Latvia 7 April 1992[51]
42   Cyprus 9 April 1992[30]
43   New Zealand 9 April 1992[52]
44   Italy 13 April 1992[53]
45   Canada 15 April 1992[54]
46   Cuba 16 April 1992[55]
47   Zimbabwe 16 April 1992[56]
48   India 17 April 1992[57]
49   Ghana 5 May 1992[58]
50   Morocco 8 May 1992[30]
51   Kuwait 25 May 1992[59]
52   Equatorial Guinea May 1992[60]
53   Cabo Verde 4 June 1992[61]
54   Thailand 21 June 1992[62]
55   Costa Rica 24 June 1992[63]
56   Russia 25 June 1992[64]
57   Uruguay 7 July 1992[30]
58   Luxembourg 9 July 1992[65]
59   Oman 23 July 1992[66]
60   Slovenia 23 July 1992[67]
61   Burundi 24 July 1992[68]
62   Nigeria 3 August 1992[69]
63   Singapore 12 August 1992[70]
64   Kazakhstan 16 September 1992[71]
65   Croatia 25 September 1992[72]
66   United Arab Emirates 20 October 1992[73]
67   Argentina 6 November 1992[30]
-   Holy See 11 November 1992[74]
68   Paraguay 18 November 1992[30]
69   Moldova 19 November 1992[75]
70   Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 November 1992[76]
71   Burkina Faso 25 November 1992[77]
72   Colombia 9 December 1992[30]
73   Czech Republic 5 January 1993[78]
74   Slovakia 14 January 1993[79]
75   North Macedonia 20 January 1993[80]
76   Kyrgyzstan 21 January 1993[81]
77   Turkmenistan 21 January 1993[82]
78   Uzbekistan 21 January 1993[83]
79   Malta 16 February 1993[84]
80   South Africa 4 March 1993[85]
81   Guatemala 11 March 1993[30]
82   Iran 18 March 1993[86]
83   Ecuador 5 May 1993[30]
84   Albania 17 May 1993[87]
85   Madagascar 28 May 1993[88]
86   Armenia 11 June 1993[89]
87   Azerbaijan 11 June 1993[90]
88   Indonesia 18 June 1993[91]
89     Nepal 19 July 1993[30]
90   Syria 26 August 1993[92]
91   Zambia 13 October 1993[93]
92   Mali 3 November 1993[94]
93   Kenya 17 November 1993[95]
94   Maldives 6 December 1993[30]
95   Georgia 6 January 1994[96]
96   Pakistan 3 February 1994[97]
97   Laos 7 February 1994[98]
98   Bolivia 11 April 1994[99]
99   Ethiopia 18 May 1994[100]
100   Nicaragua 24 May 1994[101]
101   Jamaica 6 June 1994[30]
102   Serbia 15 November 1994[102]
103   Cambodia 25 January 1995[30]
104   Angola 24 April 1995[30]
105   Yemen 7 August 1995[103]
106   Algeria 24 October 1995[104]
107   Qatar 16 January 1996[30]
108   Lebanon 21 March 1996[105]
—   Sovereign Military Order of Malta 30 April 1996[106]
109   Philippines 22 May 1996[107]
110   Tanzania 23 May 1996[108]
111   Bahrain 1 July 1996[30]
112   Libya 9 July 1996[109]
113   Tajikistan 5 September 1996[110]
114   Jordan 15 October 1996[30]
115   Gabon 5 December 1996[111]
116   Iraq 26 December 1996[112]
117   Tunisia 29 January 1997[113]
118   Venezuela 4 February 1997[30]
119   Peru 19 February 1997[114]
120   Saudi Arabia 6 June 1997[115]
121   Eritrea 11 September 1998[116]
122   Ivory Coast 30 September 1998[30]
123   Uganda 2 October 1998[117]
124   Panama 22 October 1998[30]
125   Afghanistan 15 June 1999[118]
126   Sudan 15 July 1999[119]
127   El Salvador 25 October 1999[30]
128   Haiti 29 October 1999[30]
129   Guyana 25 February 2000[30]
130   Mozambique 29 February 2000[30]
131   Antigua and Barbuda 18 May 2000[30]
132   Grenada 31 May 2000[30]
133   Belize 4 August 2000[120]
134   Saint Lucia 25 August 2000[30]
135   Myanmar 22 September 2000[30]
136   Sri Lanka 20 November 2000[121]
137   Namibia 21 December 2000[122]
138   Dominican Republic 18 April 2001[30]
139   Iceland 25 May 2001[30]
140   Benin 21 June 2001[123]
141   Malawi 13 July 2001[30]
142   Chad 20 August 2001[124]
143   Nauru 12 September 2001[30]
144   Seychelles 4 October 2001[30]
145   Sao Tome and Principe 11 December 2001[30]
146   Senegal 25 January 2002[30]
147   Republic of Congo 11 February 2002[125]
148   Rwanda 25 February 2002[30]
149   Gambia 10 April 2002[30]
150   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 24 April 2002[30]
151   Honduras 20 May 2002[30]
152   Guinea-Bissau 27 September 2002[126]
153   Brunei 4 November 2002[30]
154   Mauritius 26 September 2003[30]
155   Sierra Leone 27 September 2003[30]
156   Somalia 3 October 2003[127]
157   Mauritania 6 July 2004[128]
158   Dominica 9 July 2004[129]
159   Botswana 15 March 2006[30]
160   Montenegro 8 August 2006[130]
161   Cameroon 14 November 2006[131]
162   San Marino 9 February 2009[132]
163   Suriname 2 June 2009[30]
164   Fiji 26 May 2010[30]
165   Togo 28 September 2010[30]
166   Democratic Republic of the Congo 16 November 2010[133]
167   Trinidad and Tobago 12 April 2011[30]
168   Andorra 27 September 2011[30]
169   Niger 29 March 2012[134]
170   Central African Republic 4 April 2012[30]
171   Solomon Islands 10 September 2012[30]
172   Tuvalu 12 September 2012[135]
173   Djibouti 26 August 2013[136]
174   South Sudan 3 September 2013[137]
175   Timor-Leste 1 October 2014[138]
176   Monaco 15 April 2016[139]
177   Liberia 27 April 2016[30]
178   Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 June 2016[140]
179   Bahamas 9 December 2019[141]
180   Barbados 10 December 2019[142]
181   Lesotho 2020[143]


Bilateral relations edit

Multilateral edit

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
  European Union See Belarus–European Union relations
  NATO See Belarus–NATO relations

Africa edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Angola 1995-04-24 Bilateral relations were established on 24 April 1995.[144]
  • Angola is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Russia.[144]
  • Belarus is accredited to Angola from its embassy in South Africa.[144]
  Ethiopia 1994-05 Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in May 1994.[145]
  Kenya 1993-11-17 Bilateral relations were established on 17 November 1993
  • Belarus has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[148]
  Libya 1992 See Belarus–Libya relations.
  • Belarus operated an embassy in Tripoli between 2000 and 2014, but suspended operations due to escalation of the military conflict.[149]
  • Libya closed its embassy in Belarus in 2015.[150]
  Mozambique 2000-02-29 Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Mozambique on 29 February 2000.[151]
  • Belarus is represented in Mozambique through its embassy in South Africa.[151]
  • In 2017 the interior ministries of the two countries signed an agreement to work together to fight terrorism.[152]
  Namibia 2000-12-21 The two countries established bilateral relations on 21 December 2000.[153]
  • Belarus is represented in Namibia through its embassy in South Africa.[153]
  • Namibia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[154]
  South Africa March 1993[155]
  Sudan 1999-07-15 See Belarus–Sudan relations
  Zimbabwe 1992-04-16 Bilateral relations were established on 16 April 1992.[157]

Americas edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Argentina
  • Argentina is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Belarus has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  Brazil
  • Belarus has an embassy in Brasília.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Minsk.
  Canada 1992-04-15 Belarus and Canada established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1992.[159]
  • Belarus had an embassy in Ottawa, which was closed on September 1, 2021, as a result of Canada's condemnation of the forced grounding of Ryanair Flight 4978[160][161]
  • Canada is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).[162]
  Cuba 1992-04 Bilateral relations between Cuba and Belarus began in April 1992.[163]
  • Belarus opened an embassy in Havana, Cuba, in November 1998, its first in Latin America and the Caribbean.[163][164]
  • Cuba upgraded its representation in Havana [Minsk?], Belarus, to an embassy in May 1997.[163][165]
  Dominica 2004

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2004.[166]

  Dominican Republic
  • Belarus has an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo, operated though the embassy in Cuba.[167]
  • Dominican Republic has an honorary consulate in Minsk.[168]
  Ecuador

The governments of Belarus and Ecuador concluded an agreement about mutual visa-free travel. It was signed in Quito on 20 June 2014, ratified by Belarus law on 29 December 2014.[169]

  • Belarus is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
  • Ecuador is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  Guyana 2000

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2000.[170]

  Mexico January 1992 See Belarus–Mexico relations

Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in January 1992.[171]

  • Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[172][173]
  • Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia, and maintains an honorary consulate in Minsk.[174]
  Panama 1998-10-22

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1998.[175]

  • Panama is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[176]
  United States 1991 See Belarus–United States relations
 
Embassy of Belarus in Washington, D.C.

Diplomatic relations between the United States and Belarus began in 1991 upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, of which Belarus had been a part. However, the relations have turned sour due to accusations by the United States that Belarus has been undemocratic. Belarus, in turn, has accused the United States of interfering in its internal affairs.

  Uruguay 1992
  • Belarus is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and maintains an honorary consulate in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  Venezuela 1992
  • Belarus has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Minsk.

Asia edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Armenia 1992
  Azerbaijan 1992 See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations
  Bangladesh 1992-02-21 Bilateral relations were established on 21 February 1992.[183]
  • Belarus is primarily represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in India, but also has an honorary consulate in Dhaka.[183][184]
  • Bangladesh has represented in Belarus by its ambassador in Moscow, Russia since June 2010.[183]
  China 1992
  • Belarus has an embassy in Beijing.[185]
  • China has an embassy in Minsk.[186]
  Georgia 1992 See Belarus–Georgia relations
  • Belarus has an embassy in Tbilisi, which opened on 20 December 2016.[187][188]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Minsk.[189]
  India 1992-04-17
See also: Belarus–India relations
[190]
  • Belarus has had an embassy in New Delhi since June 1998.[190] It also has an honorary consul in Kolkata.[184]
  • Since 14 May 1992, India has an embassy in Minsk.[191]
  Iran 1993-03-18 See Belarus–Iran relations. Bilateral relations were established on 18 March 1993.[192]
  • Belarus has had an embassy in Tehran since 6 March 1998.[193][194]
  • Iran opened an embassy in Minsk in February 2001.[192]
  • The two countries have enjoyed good relations in recent years reflected in regular high level meetings and various agreements. In 2008, Belarusian Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov described Iran as an important partner of his country in the region and the world.[195]
  Israel 1992

Belarus and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1992. During the 1990s, around 130,000 Belarusian citizens immigrated to Israel, forming one of the largest Belarusian expatriate communities in the world.[196] In August 2015, an agreement was signed on visa-free entry,[197] making Israel the first country outside the Former Soviet Union to have visa-free travel with Belarus.[citation needed]

  • Israel and Belarus have signed multiple agreements, including for visa-free travel.
  • Belarus has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[198]
  • Israel has an embassy in Minsk.[199] This was closed for 2 years from 2002 and a decision to close it again in 2016 was reversed after two months.[200]
  Japan 1992-01-26 The two countries established bilateral relations on 26 January 1992.[201]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Tokyo, opened in June 1995.[201]
  • Japan opened an embassy in Minsk in January 1993.[201][202]
  Kazakhstan 1992-09-16 Bilateral relations began on 16 September 1992.[203]
  Kyrgyzstan 1993-07-21 Belarus and Kyrgyzstan established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1993.[204] Relations were disrupted between August 2012 and October 2015 after Kyrgyzstan recalled their ambassador.[205]
  Maldives 1993-12-06

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1993.[207]

  Myanmar 22 September 2000 See Belarus-Myanmar relations
    Nepal 1993-07-19 Belarus and Nepal established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1993.[208]
  • Belarus has an honorary consulate in Kathmandu, operated by the embassy in India.[184]
  • Nepal has an honorary consulate general in Minsk.[209]
  • Minsk and Kathmandu have established twin city relations.[208]
  North Korea 1992 See Foreign relations of North Korea.

Relations were established in 1992.[210]

  Pakistan See Pakistan–Belarus relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 3 February 1994.[216]

  • Belarus has an embassy in Islamabad.[216]
  • Pakistan maintains an embassy in Minsk.[217][218]
  • Pakistan and Belarus maintain very close relations with each other, Pakistan was one of the first countries to accept Belarus after its independence. President of Belarus and PM of Pak have visited each other's countries on state visits. Pakistan and Belarus have a huge trade partnership. Pakistan also provides Belarus with Military expertise.[citation needed]
  South Korea 1992-02-10[219] See Belarus–South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Belarus started on 10 February 1992.

  Sri Lanka 2000-11-20 Bilateral relations were established on 20 November 2000.[223]
  • Belarus has an honorary consulate in Colombo and is mainly represented through its embassy in India.[184][223]
  • Sri Lanka opened an honorary consulate in Belarus in 2004.[223]
  Syria 1992
  • Belarus has an embassy in Damascus.[224]
  • Syria has an embassy in Minsk.

See Belarus-Syria relations

  Tajikistan 1992
  • Belarus has an embassy in Dushanbe.
  • Tajikistan has an embassy in Minsk.
  Turkey 1992-05-25 See Belarus–Turkey relations
  Turkmenistan 1992
  • Belarus has an embassy in Ashgabat.[225]
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Minsk.
  Uzbekistan 1992
  Vietnam 27 December 1991[227]
  • Since 1997, Belarus has an embassy in Hanoi.[228]
  • Since November 2003, Vietnam has an embassy in Minsk.[229]

Europe edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Austria 1992
  • Austria recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in February 1992.
  • Austria is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Since March 1993, Belarus has an embassy in Vienna.[230]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993-11-22 Belarus and Bosnia and Herzegovina established bilateral relations on 22 November 1993.[231]
  • Belarus has been represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the ambassador to Hungary since March 2014.[140]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Belarus by the embassy in Russia.[140]
  Bulgaria 1992-03-26
  Croatia 1992-09-25 See Belarus–Croatia relations
  • Croatia is primarily represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia, although an honorary consulate opened in Minsk in 2011.[235]
  • Belarus is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria, and an honorary consulate in Rijeka, Croatia.[236]
  • Croatian Foreign Minister Tonino Picula on 24 June 2000 attended a summit of the Central European Initiative in Szeged, Hungary, and held bilateral talks with his counterpart from Belarus.[237]
  • At least three bilateral agreements have been signed between the two counties.[238]
    • 2001 Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments
    • 2004 Avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital
    • 2005 International Road Transport
  • Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Belarus 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  Cyprus 1991
  • Belarus has an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[239]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia, and through an honorary consulate in Minsk.[240][241]
  Czech Republic 1993
  Denmark See Belarus–Denmark relations
  • Belarus is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Denmark is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  Estonia 1992-04-06 Bilateral relations began on 6 April 1992.[245]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Tallinn.[246]
  • Estonia opened its embassy in Minsk on 20 October 2009.[247]
  Finland 1992-02-26
  • Finland recognised the independence of Belarus on 30 December 1991.
  • Finland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Vilnius, Lithuania, which also operates a liaison office in Minsk.[248]
  • Belarus opened an embassy in Helsinki on 5 December 2011.[249]
  France 1992-01 Belarus and France established diplomatic relations in January 1992.[250]
  Germany 1923
  • Belarus has an embassy in Berlin.[254] It also has a consulate general in Munich[255] and honorary consulates in Hamburg and Cottbus.[256] The embassy branch office in Bonn closed on 22 December 2013.[257]
  • Germany has an embassy in Minsk.[258]
  • German Federal Foreign Office about relations with Belarus
  • In 2018, for the first time a German head of state visited Belarus.[259]
  Greece See Belarus–Greece relations
  • Belarus is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Greece is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  Hungary 1992-02-12 Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Hungary on 12 February 1992.[260]
  Ireland 1992-03-27 Belarus and Ireland established bilateral relations on 27 March 1992.[262]
  • Belarus is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom, and also has an honorary consulate in Rathdrum, County Wicklow.[263]
  • Ireland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Lithuania.[264]
  Italy 1992-04-13 Bilateral relations were established on 13 April 1992.[265]
  Latvia 1992-04-07 See Belarus–Latvia relations

The two countries signed a "Declaration on the Principles of Good-Neighborly Relations" on 16 December 1991 and established full bilateral relations on 7 April 1992.[269] Embassies were opened in both countries in 1993 and consulates general the following year.[269]

  • Belarus has an embassy in Riga and a general consulate in Daugavpils.[269]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate in Vitebsk.[269][270]
  • The countries share 161 km of common border.[271]
  • Belarusian and Latvian regions have signed about 60 twin city and partner agreements.[269]
  Lithuania 1992-12-30 See Belarus–Lithuania relations

Both countries recognised each other's independence in December 1991, and signed an agreement on diplomatic relations on 30 December 1992.[272]

  • Belarus has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Klaipėda.[272][273]
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate general in Hrodna.[274][275]
  • Both countries share 679 km (422 mi) of common border.[276]
  • Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Belarus (in Lithuanian only) 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  Malta 1993-02-16 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 February 1993.[277]
  • Belarus is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, Italy.[278]
  • Malta is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.[279]
  Moldova 1992-11-19 Bilateral relations were established on 19 November 1992.[280]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Chisinau, opened in May 1995.[280]
  • Moldova has an embassy in Minsk, opened July 1995.[280]
  • President Alexander Lukashenko has made three state visits to Chisinau (August 1995,[281] September 2014,[282] April 2018[283])
  • List of Ambassadors of Belarus in Moldova: Vasily Sakovich (1999-2009),[284] Vyacheslav Osipenko (2009-2015),[285] Sergei Chichuk (2015-2020),[286] Anatoly Kalinin( 2020–present)
  Netherlands 1994-03-24 See Belarus–Netherlands relations

Bilateral relations began on 24 March 1992.[287]

  Poland 1992-03-02 See Belarus–Poland relations

Belarus and Poland established bilateral relations on 2 March 1992.[288]

  Romania 1992-02-14 See Belarus–Romania relations

Romania recognised the independence of Belarus on 20 December 1991 and bilateral relations were established on 14 February 1992.[293]

  Russia 1992-06-25 See Belarus–Russia relations

Belarus and Russia established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1992.[294]

  Serbia 1994-11-15 See Belarus–Serbia relations
  • Serbia (then Yugoslavia) recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1994 and at the ambassadorial level in 1996.
  • Belarus has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Minsk.
  Slovakia 1993
  Slovenia 1992-07-23 Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 23 July 1992.[302]
  • Belarus is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Hungary.[302]
  • Slovenia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Russia.[302]
  Spain 1992-02-13 See Belarus–Spain relations
  Sweden 1992
   Switzerland
  • Switzerland recognised Belarus on 23 December 1991.
  • Since 1992, the Swiss ambassador in Poland has also been accredited in Minsk. Switzerland has a consulate in Minsk.[306]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Bern.[307]
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus
  Ukraine See Belarus–Ukraine relations
  United Kingdom 1991
  • In 1994, Belarus opened its embassy in London.[310]
  • In 1995, the British embassy in Minsk was opened.[311]

Oceania edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Australia 9 January 1992[312]
  • Australia is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[313]
  • Belarus is accredited to Australia from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[314]
  New Zealand 9 April 1992
  • Belarus is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

See also edit

References edit

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November 28, 2023
foreign, relations, belarus, byelorussian, only, soviet, republics, separate, members, united, nations, other, being, ukrainian, both, republics, soviet, union, joined, when, organization, founded, 1945, contents, prior, 2001, belarus, russia, relations, belar. The Byelorussian SSR was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the United Nations the other being the Ukrainian SSR Both republics and the Soviet Union joined the UN when the organization was founded in 1945 Contents 1 Prior to 2001 1 1 Belarus Russia relations 1 2 Belarus European Union relations 1 3 Belarus United States relations 1 4 Belarus Estonia relations 2 Present situation 2001 onwards 2 1 Relations with the European Union 2 2 Relations with Russia 2 3 Relations with the United States 2 4 Relations with other countries 2 4 1 Hong Kong national security law 2 5 Nuclear weapons offer 3 Diplomatic relations 4 Bilateral relations 4 1 Multilateral 4 2 Africa 4 3 Americas 4 4 Asia 4 5 Europe 4 6 Oceania 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksPrior to 2001 editAfter the dissolution of the Soviet Union at which time Belarus gained its independence Belarus became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSCE NATO s Partnership for Peace the North Atlantic Cooperation Council the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank The adoption by Supreme Council of the BSSR of the declaration of State Sovereignty of Belarus in 1990 was a turning point on the development of the state It has also been in a supranational union with Russia since 2 April 1996 although this has had little practical effect Belarus Russia relations edit Further information Foreign relations of Russia towards Belarus The introduction of free trade between Russia and Belarus in mid 1995 led to a spectacular growth in bilateral trade which was only temporarily reversed in the wake of the financial crisis of 1998 President Alexander Lukashenko sought to develop a closer relationship with Russia The framework for the Union of Russia and Belarus was set out in the Treaty on the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus 1996 the Treaty on Russia Belarus Union the Union Charter 1997 and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State 1999 The integration treaties contained commitments to monetary union equal rights single citizenship and a common defence and foreign policy Belarus European Union relations edit Main article Belarus European Union relations Following the recognition of Belarus as an independent state in December 1991 by the European Community EC EU Belarus relations initially experienced a steady progress The signature of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement PCA in 1995 signaled a commitment to political economic and trade cooperation Some assistance was provided to Belarus within the framework of the TACIS programme and also through various aid programs and loans However progress in EU Belarus relations stalled in 1996 after serious setbacks to the development of democracy and the Drazdy conflict The EU did not recognize the 1996 constitution which replaced the 1994 constitution The Council of the European Union decided against Belarus in 1997 The PCA was not concluded nor was its trade related part Belarusian membership in the Council of Europe was not supported bilateral relations at the ministerial level were suspended and EU technical assistance programs were frozen Acknowledging the lack of progress in relation to bilateral relations and the internal situation following the position adopted in 1997 the EU adopted a step by step approach in 1999 whereby sanctions would be gradually lifted upon fulfillment of the four benchmarks set by the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe In 2000 some moderately positive developments toward the implementation of recommendations made by the OSCE AMG were observed but were not sufficient in the realm of access to fair and free elections Belarus United States relations edit Main article Belarus United States relations The United States has encouraged Belarus to conclude and adhere to agreements with the International Monetary Fund IMF on the program of macroeconomic stabilization and related reform measures as well as to undertake increased privatization and to create a favorable climate for business and investment Although there has been some American direct private investment in Belarus its development has been relatively slow given the uncertain pace of reform An Overseas Private Investment Corporation agreement was signed in June 1992 but has been suspended since 1995 because Belarus did not fulfill its obligations under the agreement Belarus is eligible for Export Import Bank short term financing insurance for U S investments but because of the adverse business climate no projects have been initiated The IMF granted standby credit in September 1995 but Belarus has fallen off the program and did not receive the second tranche of funding which had been scheduled for regular intervals throughout 1996 The United States along with the European Union has restricted the travel of President Alexander Lukashenko and members of his inner circle as well as imposing economic sanctions 1 Belarus Estonia relations edit Further information Belarus Estonia relationsPresent situation 2001 onwards editThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information May 2021 Relations with the European Union edit Main article Belarus European Union relations The structure of Belarus trade reflects the low competitiveness and output decline of manufacturing industry in the country over the past decade leading to the predominance of primary production work intensive goods as exports Belarusian exports to the EU consist mainly of agricultural and textile products while imports from the EU are primarily machinery Belarus is a beneficiary of the EU s Generalised System of Preferences GSP The European Commission decided in 2003 to initiate an investigation into violations of freedom of association in Belarus as the first step towards a possible temporary withdrawal of the GSP from Belarus In December 2004 the EU adopted a position aimed at imposing travel restrictions on officials from Belarus responsible for the fraudulent parliamentary elections and referendum on 17 October 2004 and for human rights violations during subsequent peaceful political demonstrations in Minsk The European Parliament released a statement in March 2005 in which it denounced the Belarusian government as a dictatorship The European parliamentarians were primarily concerned about the suppression of independent media outlets in the country and the fraudulent referendum A resolution of the European Parliament declared that the personal bank accounts of President Lukashenko and other high ranking Belarusian officials should be tracked and frozen In 2005 Amnesty International reported a pattern of deliberate obstruction harassment and intimidation of human rights defenders in Belarus Reporters Without Borders accused the Belarusian authorities of hounding and arresting journalists from the country s Polish minority Lukashenko has closed the country s main Polish newspaper printing a bogus paper instead with the same name and size that praises his incumbent government Several foreign mainly Polish journalists have been arrested or expelled from the country Lukashenko accused Poland of an attempt to overthrow his government by stirring up a peaceful revolution in Belarus comparable to the Orange Revolution in Ukraine in 2004 Later in 2005 the Belarusian riot police seized the headquarters of the Union of Poles in Belarus an association representing the 400 000 ethnic minority Polish living in western areas the country that were part of Poland until World War II The dispute between Poland and Belarus escalated further as Poland responded by recalling its ambassador from Belarus for indefinite consultations and called on the European Union to impose sanctions on the Belarusian leadership in order to curtail the human rights abuses in Belarus Belarusian papers described this as a dirty political game and part of a cold war waged on president Lukashenko Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rotfeld said a clampdown was under way aimed at destroying all elements of political pluralism and independence in Belarus nbsp Members of the Eastern PartnershipIn August 2005 the EU s executive commission called for human rights to be respected in Belarus The commission said it was considering offering support to independent media in the country and had set aside more than eight million euros from its budget to offer support for human rights activities France expressed her solidarity with Poland on the issue of human rights in Belarus a day after the EU declared it was worried about the situation in that country Several former Soviet Republics including neighbouring Ukraine also expressed their concerns about the development of the situation in Belarus In May 2009 Belarus and the EU agree on cooperation in the Eastern Partnership EaP However it is contended by some scholars that the EaP is unable to create a workable partnership 2 This proved to be correct when Belarus withdrew from the Partnership on 30 September 2011 3 In August 2012 Belarus expelled all Swedish diplomats including the Swedish Ambassador to Belarus Stefan Eriksson and closed its embassy in Stockholm after a Swedish public relations firm released teddy bears carrying pro democracy flyers in parachutes from an airplane over Minsk on 4 July 2012 Lukashenko also fired his air defence chief and the head of the border guards over the incident Their replacements have been told not to hesitate to use force to stop future intrusions from abroad 4 Relations with Russia edit Main article Belarus Russia relations Russia remains the largest and most important partner for Belarus both in the political and economic fields After protracted disputes and setbacks the two countries customs duties were unified in March 2001 but the customs controls were soon restored In terms of trade almost half of Belarusian export goes to Russia Due to the structure of Belarusian industry Belarus relies heavily on Russia both for export markets and for the supply of raw materials and components After initial negotiation with the Russian Central Bank on monetary union the Russian ruble was set to be introduced in Belarus in 2004 but this was postponed first until 2005 then until 2006 and now seems to have been suspended indefinitely Relations with the United States edit Main article Belarus United States relations Belarus has had an ongoing discussion to relaunch IMF backed reforms concluding an arrangement for an IMF Staff monitored program SMP in 2001 However the authorities did not follow through with reforms as hoped leaving an uncertain future for IMF backed cooperation Belarus authorities have said on several occasions that they find IMF intervention and recommendations in Belarus counter productive to the economic development of those countries The relationships with the United States have been further strained after Congress of the United States unanimously passed the Belarus Democracy Act of 2004 On 7 March 2008 the government of Belarus ejected US Ambassador Karen B Stewart from the country following a row over travel restrictions placed on President Lukashenko and sanctions against state owned chemical company Belneftekhim The Belarusian Foreign Ministry announced at the same time that it was recalling its own ambassador to the US This was followed by the expulsion of ten other U S embassy staff from Minsk in late April At the same time the government of Belarus ordered the U S Embassy in Minsk to cut its staff by half 5 6 7 A White House spokesman described the expulsion as deeply disappointing Relations with other countries edit Due to strained relations with the United States and the European Union as well as occasional high level disputes with Russia over prices on core imported natural resources such as oil and gas Belarus aims to develop better relations with countries in other regions like the Middle East Asia and Latin America 8 Hong Kong national security law edit Belarus was one of 53 countries that in June 2020 supported the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations Human Rights Council 9 Nuclear weapons offer edit In May 2023 the President of Belarus offered nuclear weapons to other countries who join Belarus and Russia 10 Diplomatic relations editList of countries with which Belarus maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date1 nbsp Ukraine 27 December 1991 11 2 nbsp United States 28 December 1991 12 3 nbsp Lithuania 30 December 1991 13 4 nbsp Australia 9 January 1992 14 5 nbsp Mexico 14 January 1992 15 6 nbsp Sweden 14 January 1992 16 7 nbsp China 20 January 1992 17 8 nbsp Mongolia 24 January 1992 18 9 nbsp Vietnam 24 January 1992 19 10 nbsp France 25 January 1992 20 11 nbsp Japan 26 January 1992 21 12 nbsp Portugal 26 January 1992 22 13 nbsp United Kingdom 27 January 1992 23 14 nbsp Chile January 1992 24 15 nbsp Egypt 1 February 1992 25 16 nbsp North Korea 3 February 1992 26 17 nbsp Denmark 4 February 1992 27 18 nbsp Norway 4 February 1992 28 19 nbsp Austria 5 February 1992 29 20 nbsp Brazil 10 February 1992 30 21 nbsp Liechtenstein 10 February 1992 31 22 nbsp South Korea 10 February 1992 32 23 nbsp Switzerland 10 February 1992 33 24 nbsp Hungary 12 February 1992 34 25 nbsp Spain 13 February 1992 35 26 nbsp Romania 14 February 1992 36 27 nbsp Bangladesh 21 February 1992 37 28 nbsp Finland 26 February 1992 38 29 nbsp Poland 2 March 1992 39 30 nbsp Greece 5 March 1992 40 31 nbsp Malaysia 5 March 1992 41 32 nbsp Belgium 10 March 1992 42 33 nbsp Germany 13 March 1992 43 34 nbsp Netherlands 24 March 1992 44 35 nbsp Turkey 25 March 1992 45 36 nbsp Bulgaria 26 March 1992 46 37 nbsp Israel 26 March 1992 47 38 nbsp Ireland 27 March 1992 48 39 nbsp Guinea 4 April 1992 49 40 nbsp Estonia 6 April 1992 50 41 nbsp Latvia 7 April 1992 51 42 nbsp Cyprus 9 April 1992 30 43 nbsp New Zealand 9 April 1992 52 44 nbsp Italy 13 April 1992 53 45 nbsp Canada 15 April 1992 54 46 nbsp Cuba 16 April 1992 55 47 nbsp Zimbabwe 16 April 1992 56 48 nbsp India 17 April 1992 57 49 nbsp Ghana 5 May 1992 58 50 nbsp Morocco 8 May 1992 30 51 nbsp Kuwait 25 May 1992 59 52 nbsp Equatorial Guinea May 1992 60 53 nbsp Cabo Verde 4 June 1992 61 54 nbsp Thailand 21 June 1992 62 55 nbsp Costa Rica 24 June 1992 63 56 nbsp Russia 25 June 1992 64 57 nbsp Uruguay 7 July 1992 30 58 nbsp Luxembourg 9 July 1992 65 59 nbsp Oman 23 July 1992 66 60 nbsp Slovenia 23 July 1992 67 61 nbsp Burundi 24 July 1992 68 62 nbsp Nigeria 3 August 1992 69 63 nbsp Singapore 12 August 1992 70 64 nbsp Kazakhstan 16 September 1992 71 65 nbsp Croatia 25 September 1992 72 66 nbsp United Arab Emirates 20 October 1992 73 67 nbsp Argentina 6 November 1992 30 nbsp Holy See 11 November 1992 74 68 nbsp Paraguay 18 November 1992 30 69 nbsp Moldova 19 November 1992 75 70 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 November 1992 76 71 nbsp Burkina Faso 25 November 1992 77 72 nbsp Colombia 9 December 1992 30 73 nbsp Czech Republic 5 January 1993 78 74 nbsp Slovakia 14 January 1993 79 75 nbsp North Macedonia 20 January 1993 80 76 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 21 January 1993 81 77 nbsp Turkmenistan 21 January 1993 82 78 nbsp Uzbekistan 21 January 1993 83 79 nbsp Malta 16 February 1993 84 80 nbsp South Africa 4 March 1993 85 81 nbsp Guatemala 11 March 1993 30 82 nbsp Iran 18 March 1993 86 83 nbsp Ecuador 5 May 1993 30 84 nbsp Albania 17 May 1993 87 85 nbsp Madagascar 28 May 1993 88 86 nbsp Armenia 11 June 1993 89 87 nbsp Azerbaijan 11 June 1993 90 88 nbsp Indonesia 18 June 1993 91 89 nbsp Nepal 19 July 1993 30 90 nbsp Syria 26 August 1993 92 91 nbsp Zambia 13 October 1993 93 92 nbsp Mali 3 November 1993 94 93 nbsp Kenya 17 November 1993 95 94 nbsp Maldives 6 December 1993 30 95 nbsp Georgia 6 January 1994 96 96 nbsp Pakistan 3 February 1994 97 97 nbsp Laos 7 February 1994 98 98 nbsp Bolivia 11 April 1994 99 99 nbsp Ethiopia 18 May 1994 100 100 nbsp Nicaragua 24 May 1994 101 101 nbsp Jamaica 6 June 1994 30 102 nbsp Serbia 15 November 1994 102 103 nbsp Cambodia 25 January 1995 30 104 nbsp Angola 24 April 1995 30 105 nbsp Yemen 7 August 1995 103 106 nbsp Algeria 24 October 1995 104 107 nbsp Qatar 16 January 1996 30 108 nbsp Lebanon 21 March 1996 105 nbsp Sovereign Military Order of Malta 30 April 1996 106 109 nbsp Philippines 22 May 1996 107 110 nbsp Tanzania 23 May 1996 108 111 nbsp Bahrain 1 July 1996 30 112 nbsp Libya 9 July 1996 109 113 nbsp Tajikistan 5 September 1996 110 114 nbsp Jordan 15 October 1996 30 115 nbsp Gabon 5 December 1996 111 116 nbsp Iraq 26 December 1996 112 117 nbsp Tunisia 29 January 1997 113 118 nbsp Venezuela 4 February 1997 30 119 nbsp Peru 19 February 1997 114 120 nbsp Saudi Arabia 6 June 1997 115 121 nbsp Eritrea 11 September 1998 116 122 nbsp Ivory Coast 30 September 1998 30 123 nbsp Uganda 2 October 1998 117 124 nbsp Panama 22 October 1998 30 125 nbsp Afghanistan 15 June 1999 118 126 nbsp Sudan 15 July 1999 119 127 nbsp El Salvador 25 October 1999 30 128 nbsp Haiti 29 October 1999 30 129 nbsp Guyana 25 February 2000 30 130 nbsp Mozambique 29 February 2000 30 131 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 18 May 2000 30 132 nbsp Grenada 31 May 2000 30 133 nbsp Belize 4 August 2000 120 134 nbsp Saint Lucia 25 August 2000 30 135 nbsp Myanmar 22 September 2000 30 136 nbsp Sri Lanka 20 November 2000 121 137 nbsp Namibia 21 December 2000 122 138 nbsp Dominican Republic 18 April 2001 30 139 nbsp Iceland 25 May 2001 30 140 nbsp Benin 21 June 2001 123 141 nbsp Malawi 13 July 2001 30 142 nbsp Chad 20 August 2001 124 143 nbsp Nauru 12 September 2001 30 144 nbsp Seychelles 4 October 2001 30 145 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 11 December 2001 30 146 nbsp Senegal 25 January 2002 30 147 nbsp Republic of Congo 11 February 2002 125 148 nbsp Rwanda 25 February 2002 30 149 nbsp Gambia 10 April 2002 30 150 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 24 April 2002 30 151 nbsp Honduras 20 May 2002 30 152 nbsp Guinea Bissau 27 September 2002 126 153 nbsp Brunei 4 November 2002 30 154 nbsp Mauritius 26 September 2003 30 155 nbsp Sierra Leone 27 September 2003 30 156 nbsp Somalia 3 October 2003 127 157 nbsp Mauritania 6 July 2004 128 158 nbsp Dominica 9 July 2004 129 159 nbsp Botswana 15 March 2006 30 160 nbsp Montenegro 8 August 2006 130 161 nbsp Cameroon 14 November 2006 131 162 nbsp San Marino 9 February 2009 132 163 nbsp Suriname 2 June 2009 30 164 nbsp Fiji 26 May 2010 30 165 nbsp Togo 28 September 2010 30 166 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 16 November 2010 133 167 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 12 April 2011 30 168 nbsp Andorra 27 September 2011 30 169 nbsp Niger 29 March 2012 134 170 nbsp Central African Republic 4 April 2012 30 171 nbsp Solomon Islands 10 September 2012 30 172 nbsp Tuvalu 12 September 2012 135 173 nbsp Djibouti 26 August 2013 136 174 nbsp South Sudan 3 September 2013 137 175 nbsp Timor Leste 1 October 2014 138 176 nbsp Monaco 15 April 2016 139 177 nbsp Liberia 27 April 2016 30 178 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 June 2016 140 179 nbsp Bahamas 9 December 2019 141 180 nbsp Barbados 10 December 2019 142 181 nbsp Lesotho 2020 143 Bilateral relations editMultilateral edit Organization Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp European Union See Belarus European Union relations nbsp NATO See Belarus NATO relationsAfrica edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Angola 1995 04 24 Bilateral relations were established on 24 April 1995 144 Angola is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Russia 144 Belarus is accredited to Angola from its embassy in South Africa 144 nbsp Ethiopia 1994 05 Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in May 1994 145 Belarus had an embassy in Addis Ababa which opened in 2013 and closed in 2018 146 147 needs update nbsp Kenya 1993 11 17 Bilateral relations were established on 17 November 1993 Belarus has an embassy in Nairobi Kenya is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia 148 nbsp Libya 1992 See Belarus Libya relations Belarus operated an embassy in Tripoli between 2000 and 2014 but suspended operations due to escalation of the military conflict 149 Libya closed its embassy in Belarus in 2015 150 nbsp Mozambique 2000 02 29 Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Mozambique on 29 February 2000 151 Belarus is represented in Mozambique through its embassy in South Africa 151 In 2017 the interior ministries of the two countries signed an agreement to work together to fight terrorism 152 nbsp Namibia 2000 12 21 The two countries established bilateral relations on 21 December 2000 153 Belarus is represented in Namibia through its embassy in South Africa 153 Namibia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia 154 nbsp South Africa March 1993 155 Belarus has an embassy in Pretoria 156 South Africa is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia 156 nbsp Sudan 1999 07 15 See Belarus Sudan relations nbsp Zimbabwe 1992 04 16 Bilateral relations were established on 16 April 1992 157 Belarus opened an embassy in Harare in July 2022 158 Americas edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Argentina Argentina is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia Belarus has an embassy in Buenos Aires nbsp Brazil Belarus has an embassy in Brasilia Brazil has an embassy in Minsk nbsp Canada 1992 04 15 Belarus and Canada established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1992 159 Belarus had an embassy in Ottawa which was closed on September 1 2021 as a result of Canada s condemnation of the forced grounding of Ryanair Flight 4978 160 161 Canada is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw Poland 162 Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Belarus nbsp Cuba 1992 04 Bilateral relations between Cuba and Belarus began in April 1992 163 Belarus opened an embassy in Havana Cuba in November 1998 its first in Latin America and the Caribbean 163 164 Cuba upgraded its representation in Havana Minsk Belarus to an embassy in May 1997 163 165 nbsp Dominica 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2004 166 nbsp Dominican Republic Belarus has an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo operated though the embassy in Cuba 167 Dominican Republic has an honorary consulate in Minsk 168 nbsp Ecuador The governments of Belarus and Ecuador concluded an agreement about mutual visa free travel It was signed in Quito on 20 June 2014 ratified by Belarus law on 29 December 2014 169 Belarus is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas Venezuela Ecuador is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia nbsp Guyana 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2000 170 nbsp Mexico January 1992 See Belarus Mexico relations Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in January 1992 171 Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana Cuba and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City 172 173 Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Minsk 174 nbsp Panama 1998 10 22 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1998 175 Panama is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia 176 nbsp United States 1991 See Belarus United States relations nbsp Embassy of Belarus in Washington D C Diplomatic relations between the United States and Belarus began in 1991 upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union of which Belarus had been a part However the relations have turned sour due to accusations by the United States that Belarus has been undemocratic Belarus in turn has accused the United States of interfering in its internal affairs Belarus has an embassy in Washington D C and a consulate general in New York United States closed its embassy in Minsk in February 2022 for allowing Russian soldiers to use Belarus as a staging for the Russian invasion of Ukraine 177 nbsp Uruguay 1992 Belarus is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Montevideo Uruguay is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia nbsp Venezuela 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Caracas Venezuela has an embassy in Minsk Asia edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Armenia 1992 Before 1991 both countries were part of the USSR and before then part of the Russian Empire Armenia has an embassy in Minsk 178 Belarus has an embassy in Yerevan 179 There are around 25 000 people of Armenian descent living in Belarus citation needed nbsp Azerbaijan 1992 See Azerbaijan Belarus relations Before 1918 they were part of the Russian Empire and before 1991 they were part of the Soviet Union Azerbaijan has an embassy in Minsk 180 Belarus has an embassy in Baku 181 182 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE and the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS Azerbaijan is a full member of the Council of Europe Belarus is a candidate Both Belarus and Azerbaijan are full members of the Non Aligned Movement NAM nbsp Bangladesh 1992 02 21 Bilateral relations were established on 21 February 1992 183 Belarus is primarily represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in India but also has an honorary consulate in Dhaka 183 184 Bangladesh has represented in Belarus by its ambassador in Moscow Russia since June 2010 183 nbsp China 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Beijing 185 China has an embassy in Minsk 186 nbsp Georgia 1992 See Belarus Georgia relations Belarus has an embassy in Tbilisi which opened on 20 December 2016 187 188 Georgia has an embassy in Minsk 189 Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus nbsp India 1992 04 17 See also Belarus India relations 190 Belarus has had an embassy in New Delhi since June 1998 190 It also has an honorary consul in Kolkata 184 Since 14 May 1992 India has an embassy in Minsk 191 nbsp Iran 1993 03 18 See Belarus Iran relations Bilateral relations were established on 18 March 1993 192 Belarus has had an embassy in Tehran since 6 March 1998 193 194 Iran opened an embassy in Minsk in February 2001 192 The two countries have enjoyed good relations in recent years reflected in regular high level meetings and various agreements In 2008 Belarusian Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov described Iran as an important partner of his country in the region and the world 195 nbsp Israel 1992 See Israel Belarus relationsBelarus and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1992 During the 1990s around 130 000 Belarusian citizens immigrated to Israel forming one of the largest Belarusian expatriate communities in the world 196 In August 2015 an agreement was signed on visa free entry 197 making Israel the first country outside the Former Soviet Union to have visa free travel with Belarus citation needed Israel and Belarus have signed multiple agreements including for visa free travel Belarus has an embassy in Tel Aviv 198 Israel has an embassy in Minsk 199 This was closed for 2 years from 2002 and a decision to close it again in 2016 was reversed after two months 200 nbsp Japan 1992 01 26 The two countries established bilateral relations on 26 January 1992 201 Belarus has an embassy in Tokyo opened in June 1995 201 Japan opened an embassy in Minsk in January 1993 201 202 nbsp Kazakhstan 1992 09 16 Bilateral relations began on 16 September 1992 203 Since 13 July 1997 Belarus has an embassy in Astana an embassy division in Almaty opened in July 2002 203 Since 9 January 1993 Kazakhstan has an embassy in Minsk 203 Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and of the Commonwealth of Independent States Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus nbsp Kyrgyzstan 1993 07 21 Belarus and Kyrgyzstan established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1993 204 Relations were disrupted between August 2012 and October 2015 after Kyrgyzstan recalled their ambassador 205 Belarus has an embassy in Bishkek 206 Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Minsk 205 Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and of the Commonwealth of Independent States nbsp Maldives 1993 12 06 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1993 207 nbsp Myanmar 22 September 2000 See Belarus Myanmar relations nbsp Nepal 1993 07 19 Belarus and Nepal established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1993 208 Belarus has an honorary consulate in Kathmandu operated by the embassy in India 184 Nepal has an honorary consulate general in Minsk 209 Minsk and Kathmandu have established twin city relations 208 nbsp North Korea 1992 See Foreign relations of North Korea Relations were established in 1992 210 Belarus has a consulate in Hamgyong namdo citation needed North Korea operates an embassy in Minsk opened in 2016 210 211 although Belarus recognises this only as a trade mission with other representation through the embassy in Moscow Russia 212 213 214 North Korean President Kim Il Sung visited the Belarusian SSR in 1984 During the visit he visited the Minsk Tractor Works and the Brest Fortress 215 nbsp Pakistan See Pakistan Belarus relations Diplomatic relations were established on 3 February 1994 216 Belarus has an embassy in Islamabad 216 Pakistan maintains an embassy in Minsk 217 218 Pakistan and Belarus maintain very close relations with each other Pakistan was one of the first countries to accept Belarus after its independence President of Belarus and PM of Pak have visited each other s countries on state visits Pakistan and Belarus have a huge trade partnership Pakistan also provides Belarus with Military expertise citation needed nbsp South Korea 1992 02 10 219 See Belarus South Korea relations The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Belarus started on 10 February 1992 Belarusian embassy in Seoul 220 South Korean embassy in Minsk 221 The Belarusian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus has visited Seoul on 9 February 2015 222 South Korean Ministry of Foreign affairs and Trade about relations with Belarus Foreign relations of South Korea Europe 219 nbsp Sri Lanka 2000 11 20 Bilateral relations were established on 20 November 2000 223 Belarus has an honorary consulate in Colombo and is mainly represented through its embassy in India 184 223 Sri Lanka opened an honorary consulate in Belarus in 2004 223 nbsp Syria 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Damascus 224 Syria has an embassy in Minsk See Belarus Syria relations nbsp Tajikistan 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Dushanbe Tajikistan has an embassy in Minsk nbsp Turkey 1992 05 25 See Belarus Turkey relations Turkey was the first country to recognize Belarus on 16 December 1991 after the declaration of its independence on 25 August 1991 Belarus has an embassy in Ankara Turkey has an embassy in Minsk Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus nbsp Turkmenistan 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Ashgabat 225 Turkmenistan has an embassy in Minsk nbsp Uzbekistan 1992 Belarus has an embassy in Tashkent 226 Uzbekistan is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and of the Commonwealth of Independent States nbsp Vietnam 27 December 1991 227 Since 1997 Belarus has an embassy in Hanoi 228 Since November 2003 Vietnam has an embassy in Minsk 229 Europe edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Austria 1992 Austria recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in February 1992 Austria is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia Since March 1993 Belarus has an embassy in Vienna 230 Austria Ministry of Foreign Affairs list of bilateral treaties in German only nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993 11 22 Belarus and Bosnia and Herzegovina established bilateral relations on 22 November 1993 231 Belarus has been represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the ambassador to Hungary since March 2014 140 Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Belarus by the embassy in Russia 140 nbsp Bulgaria 1992 03 26 Bulgaria recognised Belarus on 23 December 1991 Belarus has an embassy in Sofia and an honorary consulate in Burgas 232 Bulgaria has an embassy in Minsk 233 234 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Croatia 1992 09 25 See Belarus Croatia relations Croatia is primarily represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia although an honorary consulate opened in Minsk in 2011 235 Belarus is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna Austria and an honorary consulate in Rijeka Croatia 236 Croatian Foreign Minister Tonino Picula on 24 June 2000 attended a summit of the Central European Initiative in Szeged Hungary and held bilateral talks with his counterpart from Belarus 237 At least three bilateral agreements have been signed between the two counties 238 2001 Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments 2004 Avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital 2005 International Road Transport Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration list of bilateral treaties with Belarus Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine nbsp Cyprus 1991 Belarus has an honorary consulate in Nicosia 239 Cyprus is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow Russia and through an honorary consulate in Minsk 240 241 Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs list of bilateral treaties with Belarus nbsp Czech Republic 1993 Belarus has an embassy in Prague 242 The Czech Republic has an embassy in Minsk 243 and an honorary consulate in Brest 244 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Denmark See Belarus Denmark relations Belarus is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm Sweden Denmark is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia nbsp Estonia 1992 04 06 Bilateral relations began on 6 April 1992 245 Belarus has an embassy in Tallinn 246 Estonia opened its embassy in Minsk on 20 October 2009 247 nbsp Finland 1992 02 26 Finland recognised the independence of Belarus on 30 December 1991 Finland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Vilnius Lithuania which also operates a liaison office in Minsk 248 Belarus opened an embassy in Helsinki on 5 December 2011 249 nbsp France 1992 01 Belarus and France established diplomatic relations in January 1992 250 Belarus has an embassy in Paris 251 and honorary consulates in Bordeaux Lyon and Marseille 252 France has an embassy in Minsk 253 The late French director Roger Vadim was of partial Belarusian descent French Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus Archived 3 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine nbsp Germany 1923 Belarus has an embassy in Berlin 254 It also has a consulate general in Munich 255 and honorary consulates in Hamburg and Cottbus 256 The embassy branch office in Bonn closed on 22 December 2013 257 Germany has an embassy in Minsk 258 German Federal Foreign Office about relations with Belarus In 2018 for the first time a German head of state visited Belarus 259 nbsp Greece See Belarus Greece relations Belarus is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Paris France Greece is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia nbsp Hungary 1992 02 12 Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Hungary on 12 February 1992 260 Belarus has an embassy in Budapest which opened in January 2000 260 Hungary has an embassy in Minsk which opened in December 2007 260 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe Belarus and Hungary have in place a bilateral agreement to prevent double taxation 261 nbsp Ireland 1992 03 27 Belarus and Ireland established bilateral relations on 27 March 1992 262 Belarus is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and also has an honorary consulate in Rathdrum County Wicklow 263 Ireland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Lithuania 264 nbsp Italy 1992 04 13 Bilateral relations were established on 13 April 1992 265 Belarus has an embassy in Rome and five honorary consulates in Cagliari Florence Naples Reggio Emilia and Turin 266 267 The embassy was opened as a consulate general in November 1993 and was upgraded to an embassy on 20 March 1996 266 Italy has an embassy in Minsk opened in May 1992 265 268 nbsp Latvia 1992 04 07 See Belarus Latvia relations The two countries signed a Declaration on the Principles of Good Neighborly Relations on 16 December 1991 and established full bilateral relations on 7 April 1992 269 Embassies were opened in both countries in 1993 and consulates general the following year 269 Belarus has an embassy in Riga and a general consulate in Daugavpils 269 Latvia has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate in Vitebsk 269 270 The countries share 161 km of common border 271 Belarusian and Latvian regions have signed about 60 twin city and partner agreements 269 nbsp Lithuania 1992 12 30 See Belarus Lithuania relations Both countries recognised each other s independence in December 1991 and signed an agreement on diplomatic relations on 30 December 1992 272 Belarus has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Klaipeda 272 273 Lithuania has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate general in Hrodna 274 275 Both countries share 679 km 422 mi of common border 276 Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign affairs list of bilateral treaties with Belarus in Lithuanian only Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine nbsp Malta 1993 02 16 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 February 1993 277 Belarus is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome Italy 278 Malta is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw Poland 279 nbsp Moldova 1992 11 19 Bilateral relations were established on 19 November 1992 280 Belarus has an embassy in Chisinau opened in May 1995 280 Moldova has an embassy in Minsk opened July 1995 280 President Alexander Lukashenko has made three state visits to Chisinau August 1995 281 September 2014 282 April 2018 283 List of Ambassadors of Belarus in Moldova Vasily Sakovich 1999 2009 284 Vyacheslav Osipenko 2009 2015 285 Sergei Chichuk 2015 2020 286 Anatoly Kalinin 2020 present nbsp Netherlands 1994 03 24 See Belarus Netherlands relations Bilateral relations began on 24 March 1992 287 Belarus has an embassy in The Hague and honorary consulates in Amsterdam Eindhoven and Hoogeveen 287 The Netherlands is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Warsaw Poland and through an honorary consulate in Minsk 287 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Poland 1992 03 02 See Belarus Poland relations Belarus and Poland established bilateral relations on 2 March 1992 288 Poland was one of the first countries to recognise Belarusian independence 289 Belarus has an embassy in Warsaw consulates general in Gdansk and Bialystok and a consulate in Biala Podlaska 290 291 Poland has an embassy in Minsk and consulates general in Brest and Grodno 292 nbsp Romania 1992 02 14 See Belarus Romania relations Romania recognised the independence of Belarus on 20 December 1991 and bilateral relations were established on 14 February 1992 293 Belarus has an embassy in Bucharest 293 Romania has an embassy in Minsk 293 nbsp Russia 1992 06 25 See Belarus Russia relations Belarus and Russia established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1992 294 Belarus has an embassy in Moscow 295 with departments in Ekaterinburg Kazan Kaliningrad Krasnoyarsk Nizhny Novgorod Novosbirsk Rostov on Don St Petersburg Smolensk Ufa and Khabarovsk 296 It also has honorary consuls based in Karsnodar Moscow Murmansk and the Republic of Tatarstan 297 Russia has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate general in Brest 298 Russia remains the largest and most important partner for Belarus both in the political and economic fields 299 nbsp Serbia 1994 11 15 See Belarus Serbia relations Serbia then Yugoslavia recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1994 and at the ambassadorial level in 1996 Belarus has an embassy in Belgrade Serbia has an embassy in Minsk nbsp Slovakia 1993 Belarus has an embassy in Bratislava 300 Since 1995 Slovakia has an embassy in Minsk 301 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Slovenia 1992 07 23 Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 23 July 1992 302 Belarus is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Hungary 302 Slovenia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Russia 302 nbsp Spain 1992 02 13 See Belarus Spain relations Belarus has an embassy in Madrid Spain is represented in Belarus through it embassy in Moscow Russia 303 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation about relations with Belarus in Spanish only nbsp Sweden 1992 In August 2012 Belarus announced that their embassy in Stockholm would be shut down 304 Sweden has an embassy in Minsk however no accredited diplomats are stationed there and the embassy has been closed to the public since 30 August 2012 305 Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Switzerland Switzerland recognised Belarus on 23 December 1991 Since 1992 the Swiss ambassador in Poland has also been accredited in Minsk Switzerland has a consulate in Minsk 306 Belarus has an embassy in Bern 307 Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus nbsp Ukraine See Belarus Ukraine relations The two countries share 891 km of border Belarus has an embassy in Kyiv and an honorary consulate in Lviv 308 Ukraine has an embassy in Minsk and a general consulate in Brest 309 Both countries are members of the Baku Initiative and Central European Initiative nbsp United Kingdom 1991 In 1994 Belarus opened its embassy in London 310 In 1995 the British embassy in Minsk was opened 311 British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with BelarusOceania edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Australia 9 January 1992 312 Australia is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia 313 Belarus is accredited to Australia from its embassy in Tokyo Japan 314 nbsp New Zealand 9 April 1992 Belarus is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo Japan New Zealand is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow Russia See also editBelarus European Union relations List of diplomatic missions in Belarus List 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