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List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes

January 01, 1970

The ethnic names of this List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes are stated or implied by the ancient authors to have belonged to an overall ethnic identity called by them generally Celts. Some of the main authors, such as Julius Caesar, explicitly state that Celtic, the adjective, implies the use of a distinctive Celtic language. If a tribe did not speak Celtic, it was not called Celtic. This implication is sufficiently widespread for modern linguists to conclude that if a tribe was called Celtic, it spoke Celtic.

Map1: Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples (ancient and modern):
  core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BC
  maximal Celtic expansion, by 275 BC
  Two land areas in Iberian Peninsula where Celtic presence is uncertain or disputed by some: Lusitanian and Vettonian land (Para-Celtic?), Caristii and Varduli land (Vasconic, Celtic or Para-Celtic?), in today's Basque Country.
  the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period
  areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today

From widespread evidence in literature, inscriptions, and names, modern linguists are able to conclude to a group of closely related languages termed Celtic languages. Linguistic classification of languages by the Tree Method, or Genetic Method, which establishes degree of similarity of vocabulary and syntax between languages, can be used to assign a relationship of one language to another. Closely similar languages are closely related by definition. This relationship is termed ethnolinguistic.

An ethnolinguistic relationship has nothing to do with biological genetic relationships. Two populations may be close ethnolinguistically but totally different genetically, as when one population learns the language of another. Similarly the customs of two populations apart from language have nothing to do with either the people or the language. Among such customs are the archaeologies. The archaeological finds and culture names have nothing to do with the langage, except for inscriptions found. This article attempts to arrange Celtic languages by ethnolinguistic similarity. Nothing is impled concerning the origins of the peoples or their material culture.

In Classical antiquity, Celts were in large number and were a significant part of the population in many regions of Western Europe, Southern Central Europe, the British Isles, parts of the Balkans, and also Central Asia Minor or Anatolia.

Modern people and their languages are excluded from this list. A few Celtic languages are still extant. They are not of interest here.

The ancestor language edit

 
Map 2: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony. This is an entirely hypothetical view. There are many such. Certainty is not to be found in the larger view, although many of the details of comparison are considered certain. This is as good a viewpoint as any for the purpose of introducing the problems.

In the Tree Model of language development, languages develop historically (or diachronically, "through time") by splitting. At a point T1 in time a population of P speaks a common language L. Over the range of P two different groups, P1 and P2, within P begin to speak L differently, so that at T2 there are now L1 and L2 where before was only L. L1 and L2 are sister languages, while L is variously called the common, proto-, or parent language.

It is clear that in the Tree Model of language development, groups of sister languages, L1, L2, ..., Ln, exist, and every group must come from a proto-language. The very assertion that any languages are related implies the former existence of one, and only one, proto-language as ancestor. Thus to refer at all to a group of languages termed Celtic implies the sometime existence of Proto-Celtic. The population P of this L is often referenced as the Proto-Celts. Such a term implies that they spoke the language. There is no other definition of Proto-Celtic. They cannot logically have not spoken it, or have spoken anything else as a primary language.

There is only one Proto-Celtic. From it descend all the Celtic languages without exception. Proto-Celtic is the ancestor of the Celtic languages. The linguistic possibilty that a language might belong to more than one tree and thus have more than one ancestor is not of concern here but is considered in the lists below. Such a case might happen when two populations combine and develop a combined language. There is, however, only one Celtic ancestor of any Celtic language, regardless of what else it might be. If any of its languages are considered out of the group, then it is not Proto-Celtic. If Proto-Celtic is considered not to have existed, then none of the supposed Celtic languages are that. There is a theory that Celtic languages and therefore Celts did not exist as such. Such a view linguistically would require linguists to discard all their dictionaries and start over, an unlikely event.

Merging into the Tree Model is the Genetic Model. In the latter, an ancestor with all its descendants is termed a clade, and is called monophyletic. As languages do not suddenly appear from nowhere, the Celtic clade must have had a mother language as well. It undoubtedly had sister languages to Proto-Celtic. Proto-Celtic and its ancestor alone are called paraphyletic, meaning that some of the sister languages of Proto-Celtic are not considered. One of the problems of historical linguistics is to determine what sister groups are clades and what not.

Asit turns out, Proto-Celtic and all its sister languages are in a virtual clade called Indo-European. The term virtual refers to the possibility of other Indo-European languages being discovered. As this possibility is always open, then neither Indo-European nor any of its descendant groups can ever be a clade. For the time being, however, based on what is known, they are generally considered clades.

Corresponding to this conception there must have been a Proto-Indo-European language spoken by a population that linguists may call Proto-Indo-Europeans. This is a linguistic exonym. The speakers did not imagine themselves such or know of their far-ranging linguistic alliances. Analysis of tribal names suggests they may have called themselves by some sort of family name, such as "the people" or "our people." There is no evidence of an Indo-European race, as anyone could come into contact with the Indo-Europeans and learn Indo-European.

Proto-Indo-European, though the mother of Proto-Celtic was not a Celtic language, nor a Greek language, nor an Anatolian language, nor any of the others. The proto-language has a number of characteristics that, passed on to the descendant languages, are termed in linguistics shared retentions. No daughter language can ever be defined on shared retentions, as there is no way it can differ from the parent. What makes a language distinctive is the shared innovations, characteristics that are not in Proto-Indo-European. It can get these from anywhere as long as it is non-Indo-European. The term shared applies to different subjects in each case. The innovations will be shared by daughter languages of the daughter.

Map 2 depicts the current state of the virtual clades of Indo-European in the view of D.W. Anthony. Credibility requires a fundamental assumption that archaeological cultures can represent language groups. For example, perhaps there is something about the archaeology of London that tags it as English-speaking rather than French-speaking, etc.

The pre-WWII scholars had adopted this view with reservations; for example, Heinrich Schlieman had applied the term Minyan Ware to a Middle Helladic pottery type found over much of Greece, especially at Orchomenus (Boeotia). At that location the legendary king Minyas (mythology) was said to have ruled. Schlieman assigned the pottery to an ethnic identity, which he created from the myth, the Minyans. The traditional archaeologists of the WWII period, such as Carl Blegen, and his students and successors, went Schlieman one better, so to speak, in daring hypotheses by supposing Minyans to have been Proto-Greeks. This supposition was abruptly opposed on the grounds that it was too far out of the evidence to be justitifed. One had to invent Minyans and then invent a Proto-Greek for them without a shred of evidence about the language.

Archaeologists of the times were daring. Eurasian cultures were fair game for anthropological archaeologists such as V. Gordon Childe, who became the British mentor of archaeology. He was sorting through dozens of new cultures without really knowing what to do with them, as there was no way to date them. He threw them all into the thousand years around 2000 BC, and developed some very imaginative links betweem them, influenced, as they all were by the rising Nazi racial standards. James Henry Breasted provided a benchmark with his concept of the Great White Races, as opposed to the Mongoloids and Negroids, who didn't fare so well. He was only a notable example of a general line of thought.

A catastophe was about to fall on the archaeology of the 1950's and before. The field of atomic research concomitant with the development of the atomic bomb discovered a method of dating organic material by estimating time of radioactive decay (Radiocarbon dating). Streams of new dates for the Eurasian cultures fell upon the works and estimates of the WWII scholars. Although Childe's success in some areas stood, for the most part his sequences lost meaning. The dates were quite different from previously expected. The whole thing needed to be redone. Childe's Aryan Race, for example, vanished away. Aged and ill from cancer, Childe jumped off a cliff.

Continental Celts edit

Continental Celts were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe (Iberian peninsula), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. They were most of the population in Gallia, today's France, Switzerland, possibly Belgica – far Northern France, Belgium and far Southern Netherlands, large parts of Hispania, i.e. Iberian Peninsula – Spain and Portugal, in the northern, central and western regions; southern Central Europe – upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions, large parts of the middle Danube basin and the inland region of Central Asia Minor or Anatolia. They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from Iberia in the west to the Balkans and Anatolia in the east. Many of the populations from these regions were called Celts by ancient authors. They are thought to have spoken Gaulish (P-Celtic type), Lepontic (P-Celtic type), Hispano-Celtic (Celtiberian and Western Hispano-Celtic or Gallaecian) (Q-Celtic type), Eastern Celtic or Noric (unknown type). P-Celtic type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while Q-Celtic type languages are more conservative. However, it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples, such as their languages, is a genealogical one (phylogenetic), based on kinship, or if it is a simple geographically based group. Classical Antiquity authors did not describe the peoples and tribes of the British Islands as “Celts” or “Galli” but by the name “Britons”. They only used the name “Celts” or “Galli” for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.[1]

Eastern Celts[2] edit

 
Map 3: Roman district (probably not yet a full province by then) of Raetia et Vindelicia, as it stood in AD 14. Celts dwelt in most areas of the shown land on the map except for the Rhaetians.
 
Map 4: Ancient tribes in the middle Danube river basin around 1st C. BCE
 
Map 5: Central and northern Illyrian tribes and neighbouring Celtic tribes (most in magenta) to the North and Northwest during the Roman period.

They lived Southern Central Europe (in the Upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions) which is hypothesized as the original area of the Celts (Proto-Celts), corresponding to the Hallstatt Culture. Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia (Galatians). Hercynian Forest (Hercynia Silva), north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands. Celts, especially those from Western and Central Europe, were generally called by the Romans “Galli” i.e. “Gauls”, this name was synonym of “Celts”, this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name “Gauls” (Galli) were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense. Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P-Celtic or Q-Celtic. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

 
Map 6: Tribes in Thrace before the Roman period. Some of the tribes shown, such as the Serdi were Celts.

Galatians edit

 
Map 7: Classical regions of Asia Minor / Anatolia. Galatia were Galatians dwelt is in the centre.

In the middle 3rd century BC, Celts from the middle Danube valley, immigrated from Thrace into the highlands of central Anatolia (modern Turkey), which was called Galatia after that. These people, called Galatians, a generic name for “Celts”, were eventually Hellenized,[22][23] but retained many of their own traditions. They spoke Galatian, a name derived from the generic name for “Celts”. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

See also: List of ancient tribes in Illyria
See also: List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

Gauls (Galli or Celtae) edit

 
Map 8: Gaul (58 BC) with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and early Roman provinces.
 
Map 9: Gaul (Gallia) on the eve of Roman conquest (Celtica, which included Armorica, Belgica and Aquitania Propria were conquered while Narbonensis was conquered earlier, already ruled by the Roman Republic). The map shows the ethnic and linguistic kinship of the tribes by different colours (the map is in French).
 
Map 10: Roman Gaul at the end of the 1st century B.C. (Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, 1886), with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and Roman provinces.

Gauls were the Celtic people that lived in Gaul having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations. Galli (Gauls), for the Romans, was a name synonym of “Celts” (as Julius Caesar states in De Bello Gallico[25]) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily Gauls in a narrower regional sense. Gaulish Celts spoke Gaulish, a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type, a more innovative Celtic language - *kʷ > p. Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces (later in three): Transalpine Gaul, meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern Belgium, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Western Germany in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Celtica (later Lugdunensis and Aquitania) and Gallia Belgica. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

See also: List of peoples of Gaul

Cisalpine Gauls edit

 
Map 11: Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC (Celtic tribes are shown in blue) (map names are in French)

Lepontine Celts edit

They seem to have been an older group of Celts that lived in Cisalpine Gaul before the Gaulish Celtic migration. They spoke Lepontic (a Continental Celtic language) a Celtic language that seems to precede Cisalpine Gaulish.

Celto-Ligurians / Gallo-Ligurians edit

May have been Celtic tribes influenced by Ligurians, heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed Celtic-Ligurian tribes. They dwelt in southeastern Transalpine Gaul and northwestern Cisalpine Gaul, mainly in the Western Alps regions, Rhodanus eastern basin and upper Po river basin.

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania edit

 
Map 12: Roman Hispania, at the end of the 1st century B.C. (Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, 1886), with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and Roman provinces.
 
Map 13: Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, despite the name, a large part of the peninsula was celtic.

They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central, and Western regions (half of the Peninsula's territory). The Celts in the Iberian peninsula were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the La Tène culture that defined classical Iron Age Celts. Earlier migrations were Hallstatt in culture and later came La Tène influenced peoples. Celtic or (Indo-European) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of the Iberian Peninsula, but also in several southern regions. They spoke Celtic languages - Hispano-Celtic languages which were of the Q-Celtic type, more conservative Celtic languages. Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces (later in three): Hispania Citerior ("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic, roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Iberus (Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the Iberian peninsula in what would become the Tarraconensis Roman province (of what is now Spain and northern Portugal). Hispania Ulterior ("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic, roughly located in what would become the provinces of Baetica (that included the Baetis, Guadalquivir, valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of Lusitania (modern south and central Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province). The Roman province of Hispania included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

Western Hispano-Celts (Celts of Western Hispania) edit

Western Hispano-Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions. They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but, in fact, they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations. They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more conservative Celtic language) which was not Celtiberian (Celtic languages of Iberian Peninsula are often lumped as Hispano-Celtic).

Eastern Hispano-Celts (Celtiberians) edit

 
Map 14: Territory of the Celtiberi, mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians, with the possible location of the tribes. The names of the tribes are in Castillian or Spanish (whose plural grammatical number descends from the Latin plural accusative declension).

Eastern Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Anas), Júcar, Jalón, Jiloca and Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the Celts that lived in the Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group (the majority of Celtic tribes in the Iberian Peninsula) were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more conservative Celtic language).

See also: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

Insular Celts edit

Insular Celts were the Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited the British Islands, Britannia (Great Britain), the main largest island to the east, and Hibernia (Ireland), the main smaller island to the west. There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands, in Britannia inhabited the Britons, the Caledonians or Picts, the Belgae (not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one); in Hibernia inhabited the Hibernians or Goidels or Gaels. Britons and Caledonians or Picts spoke the P-Celtic type languages, a more innovative Celtic language (*kʷ > p) while Hibernians or Goidels or Gaels spoke Q-Celtic type languages, a more conservative Celtic language. Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons (in Britannia). They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.[1]

Britons (Celts) edit

 
Map 15: Southern Britain about the year 150 AD
 
Map 16: Wales about the year 40 AD

They spoke Brittonic (an Insular Celtic language of the P Celtic type). They lived in Britannia, it was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the Britanni. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe but others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

Picts / Caledonians edit

 
Map 17: Northern Britain about the year 150 AD

They were a different people from the Britons [citation needed], but may have shared common ancestry. They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia (today's Northern Scotland); the Caledonian Forest (Caledonia Silva) was in their land.

See also: Iron Age tribes in Britain

Goidels / Gaels / Hibernians edit

 
Map 18: The population groups (tribes and tribal confederations) of Ireland (Iouerníā / Hibernia) mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia in a modern interpretation. Tribes' names on the map are in Greek (although some are in a phonetic transliteration and not in Greek spelling).

They spoke Goidelic (an Insular Celtic language of the Q Celtic type. According to Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) (in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map):

  • Autini (Aouteinoi - Auteinoi on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Brigantes (Britons? A tribe of the same name lived in northern Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name)
  • Cauci (Καῦκοι, Kaukoi on the map) A tribe of the same name (Chauci) lived in Northern Germany or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name.
  • Coriondi (or Koriondoi) A tribe of a similar name (Corionototae) lived in Northern Britannia.
  • Darini (Darinoi)
  • Eblani (Eblanioi)
  • Erdini (Erdinoi)
  • Gangani (Ganganoi) (Britons? A tribe of the same name lived in western Britannia (today's northwestern Wales) they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names.
  • Iverni (Iouernoi - Iwernoi on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Manapii (Manapioi) (Belgae? A tribe of similar name, the Menapii, lived in the coast of Belgica province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names)
  • Nagnatae or Magnatae (Nagnatai or Magnatai)
  • Robogdii (Rhobogdioi)
  • Usdiae (Ousdiai - Usdiai on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Uterni (Outernoi - Uternoi on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Velabri or Vellabori (Ouellaboroi - Wellabrioi on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Vennicnii (Ouenniknioi - Wenniknioi on the map, not the Greek spelling)
  • Volunti (Ouolountioi - Woluntioi on the map, not the Greek spelling) – identifiable with the Ulaidh/Uluti[35]
  • Later peoples
See also: List of Irish kingdoms and Túath

Possible Para-Celts edit

Para-Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the Celts but were not Celts themselves (although they were later Celticized and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence), they were not direct descendants from the Proto-Celts. They may in fact have been Proto-Celto-Italic, predating the Celtic or Italic languages and originated earlier from either Proto-Celtic or Proto-Italic populations who spread from Central Europe into Western Europe after new Yamnaya migrations into the Danube Valley.[36] Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the Beaker culture, may have been ancestral to not only Celtic and Italic, but also to Germanic and Balto-Slavic.[36]

Belgae[37] edit

 
Map 19: According to Strabo, the Belgian tribes (in orange) (the map is in French).
 
Map 20: Belgae (Belgae Proper tribe, the Atrebates and possibly the Regni or Regnenses and Catuvellauni) and neighbouring tribes (Britons Proper) in Britannia (Britain).

A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in Belgica, parts of Britannia, and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also parts of Hispania (large tribal confederation). According to classical authors works, like Caesar's De Bello Gallico,[25] they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient Belgic) from the Gauls and Britons; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language. There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo-European from the Nordwestblock culture, which may have been intermediary between Germanic and Celtic, and might have been affiliated to Italic (according to a Maurits Gysseling hypothesis).

Ligurians edit

 
Map 21: Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC. Ligurians are shown in the west coastal region (north coast of the Ligurian Sea, part of the Mediterranean Sea) to the south of the Celts (shown in blue) and to the northwest of the Etruscans, in the left side of the map. (map names are in French)

Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east French and North-west Italian coasts, including far Northern and Northwestern Tuscany and Corsica. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek Κελτολίγυες, Keltolígues).[39] Very little is known about this language, Ligurian (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic;[40][41] (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They spoke ancient Ligurian.

Lusitanians-Vettones edit

 
Map 22:Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, area dwelt by the Lusitani and Vettones is shown in lighter green colour.

Turdetanians edit

 
Map 23: Hispania Baetica Roman province, Turdetani were the inhabitants in large parts of this province before Roman conquest along the Baetis or Rherkes river plain.

Today's Western Andalusia (Hispania Baetica), Baetis (Guadalquivir) river valley and basin, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic,[43] may have been Pre-Celtic Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones. If their language, called Turdetanian or Tartessian, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the Iberians, but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation (see Tartessos)

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti) edit

Transitional people between Celts and Italics? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people?

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples edit

Celto-Dacian-Germanic edit

Celto-Germanic edit

Celtic-Germanic-Iranian edit

Celto-Illyrians? edit

Ibero-Celto-Ligurians edit

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized edit

Rhaetians edit

 
Map 22: Roman district (probably not yet a full province by then) of Raetia et Vindelicia, as it stood in AD 14, with some Rhaeti tribal names (Breuni, Camunni, Isarci, Vennones or Vennonetes, Venostes).

They lived in Central Alps, eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the Rhaetian language. There is evidence that the non-Celtic (and Pre-Indo-European) elements (see Tyrsenian languages) had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech.[51] In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms and the complete absence of Etruscan place names in the Rhaetian territory leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were completely Celticized.[52][better source needed]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Collis, John (2003). The Celts: Origins, Myths and Inventions. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7524-2913-7
  2. ^ a b Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
  3. ^ a b Ioana A. Oltean, Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization, ISBN 0-415-41252-8, 2007, p. 47.
  4. ^ Andrea Faber, Körpergräber des 1.-3. Jahrhunderts in der römischen Welt: internationales Kolloquium, Frankfurt am Main, 19.-20. November 2004, ISBN 3-88270-501-9, p. 144.
  5. ^ Géza Alföldy, Noricum, Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1974, p. 69.
  6. ^ a b c Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 224–225. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
  7. ^ a b c "Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 5, chapter 34". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  8. ^ A. Mocsy and S. Frere, Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. p. 14.
  9. ^ Pannonia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. p. 14.
  10. ^ Frank W. Walbank, Polybius, Rome and the Hellenistic World: Essays and Reflections, ISBN 0-521-81208-9, 2002, p. 116: "... in A7P 60 (1939) 452 8, is not Antigonus Doson but barbarians from the mainland (either Thracians or Gauls from Tylis) (cf. Rostovizef and Welles (1940) 207-8, Rostovizef (1941) 111, 1645), nor has that inscription anything to do with the Cavan expedition. On ..."
  11. ^ Velika Dautova-Ruševljan and Miroslav Vujović, Rimska vojska u Sremu, 2006, p. 131: "extended as far as Ruma whence continued the territory of another community named after the Celtic tribe of Cornacates"
  12. ^ Ion Grumeza, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe, ISBN 0-7618-4465-1, 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"
  13. ^ John T. Koch, Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, ISBN 1-85109-440-7, 2006, p. 907.
  14. ^ a b J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..."
  15. ^ J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century"
  16. ^ a b J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 217.
  17. ^ Population and economy of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia, 2002, ISBN 1-84171-440-2, p. 24: "the Dindari were a branch of the Scordisci"
  18. ^ John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, 1992, p. 600: "In the place of the vanished Treres and Tilataei we find the Serdi for whom there is no evidence before the first century BC. It has for long been supposed on convincing linguistic and archeological grounds that this tribe was of Celtic origin"
  19. ^ Dio Cassius, Earnest Cary, and Herbert B. Foster, Dio Cassius: Roman History, Vol. IX, Books 71–80 (Loeb Classical Library, No. 177), 1927, Index: "... 9, 337, 353 Seras, philosopher, condemned to death, 8. 361 Serdi, Thracian tribe defeated by M. Crassus, 6. 73 Seretium,""
  20. ^ Dubravka Balen-Letunič, 40 godina arheoloških istraživanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj, 1986, p. 52: "and the Celtic Serretes"
  21. ^ Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69, 1996, p. 580: "... 580 I3h. DANUBIAN AND BALKAN PROVINCES Tricornenses of Tricornium (Ritopek) replaced the Celegeri, the Picensii of Pincum ..."
  22. ^ William M. Ramsay, Historical Commentary on Galatians, 1997, p. 302: "... these adaptable Celts were Hellenized early. The term Gallograecia, compared with Themistius' (p. 360) Γαλατία ..."
  23. ^ Roger D. Woodard, The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, 2008, p. 72: "... The Phrygian elite (like the Galatian) was quickly Hellenized linguistically; the Phrygian tongue was devalued and found refuge only ..."
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.
  25. ^ a b Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico, Book I, chapter 1
  26. ^ Plutarch, Marcellus, chapters 6-7 [1]
  27. ^ von Hefner, Joseph (1837). Geographie des Transalpinischen Galliens. Munich.
  28. ^ Venceslas Kruta: La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza, Newton & Compton, 2003, ISBN 88-8289-851-2, ISBN 978-88-8289-851-9
  29. ^ Long, George (1866). Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  30. ^ Snith, William George (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography: Vol.1. Boston.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  31. ^ Titus, Livius. Ab Urbe Condita. p. 5,34.
  32. ^ Aguña, Julián Hurtado (2003). "Las gentilidades presentes en los testimonios epigráficos procedentes de la Meseta meridional". Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología: Bsaa (69): 185–206.
  33. ^ a b c d e Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs.
  34. ^ Ptolemy, Geographia, II, 5, 6
  35. ^ The Encyclopedia of Ireland, B. Lalor and F. McCourt editors, © 2003 New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 1089 ISBN 0-300-09442-6, noting that Ulaidh was the original tribal designation of the Uluti, who are identifiable as the Voluntii of the Ptolomey map and who occupied, at start, all of the historic province of Ulster.
  36. ^ a b c d Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000
  37. ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–200. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
  38. ^ a b Mountain, Harry. (1997). The Celtic Encyclopedia p.225 ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1)
  39. ^ Baldi, Philip (2002). The Foundations of Latin. Walter de Gruyter. p. 112. ISBN 978-3-11-080711-0.
  40. ^ Kruta, Venceslas, ed. (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. p. 54. ISBN 978-0500015247.
  41. ^ Kruta, Venceslas, ed. (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. p. 55. ISBN 978-0500015247.
  42. ^ (Liv. v. 35; Plin. iii. 17. s. 21.)
  43. ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–200. ISBN 1-85109-440-7, ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. ^ Jump up to: a b Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 224–225. ISBN 1-85109-440-7, ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
  44. ^ Smith, William. "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), BAETIS". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Perseus Digital Library. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  45. ^ The Osi's categorization as Celtic is disputed; see Osi; also may have been a Dacian or Germanic tribe.
  46. ^ Adrian Goldsworthy, How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower, ISBN 0-300-13719-2, 2009, p. 105: "... who had moved to the Hungarian Plain. Another tribe, the Bastarnae, may or may not have been Germanic. ..."
  47. ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms), ISBN 1-84176-329-2, 2001, p. 12: "... never got near the main body of Roman infantry. The Bastarnae (either Celts or Germans), and `the bravest nation on earth' – Livy ..."
  48. ^ Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary: Containing The Principal Proper Names Mentioned In Ancient Authors, Part One, 2005, p. 539: "... Tor, " elevated," " a mountain. (Strabo, 293)"; "the Iapodes (Strabo, 313), a Gallo-Illyrian race occupying the valleys of ..."
  49. ^ J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 79: "along with the evidence of name formulae, a Venetic element among the Japodes. A group of names identified by Alföldy as of Celtic origin: Ammida, Andes, Iaritus, Matera, Maxa,"
  50. ^ J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, Tome 2 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1969, pp. 154 and 482.
  51. ^ Géza Alföldy, Noricum, Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1974, p. 24-5.
  52. ^ Cowles Prichard, James (1841). Researches Into the Physical History of Mankind: 3, Volume 1. Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper. p. 240.
  53. ^ Markey, Thomas (2008). Shared Symbolics, Genre Diffusion, Token Perception and Late Literacy in North-Western Europe. NOWELE.

References edit

  • Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.), e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies, Volume 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005.
  • Haywood, John. (2001). Atlas of the Celtic World. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500051097 ISBN 978-0500051092
  • Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». ISBN 2-7028-6261-6.
  • Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.

Further reading edit

  • Sims-Williams, Patrick. "The location of the Celts according to Hecataeus, Herodotus, and other Greek writers". In: Études Celtiques, vol. 42, 2016. pp. 7–32. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2016.2467]; [www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_2016_num_42_1_2467]

External links edit

 
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January 01, 1970
list, ancient, celtic, peoples, tribes, ethnic, names, this, stated, implied, ancient, authors, have, belonged, overall, ethnic, identity, called, them, generally, celts, some, main, authors, such, julius, caesar, explicitly, state, that, celtic, adjective, im. The ethnic names of this List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes are stated or implied by the ancient authors to have belonged to an overall ethnic identity called by them generally Celts Some of the main authors such as Julius Caesar explicitly state that Celtic the adjective implies the use of a distinctive Celtic language If a tribe did not speak Celtic it was not called Celtic This implication is sufficiently widespread for modern linguists to conclude that if a tribe was called Celtic it spoke Celtic Map1 Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples ancient and modern core Hallstatt territory by the 6th century BC maximal Celtic expansion by 275 BC Two land areas in Iberian Peninsula where Celtic presence is uncertain or disputed by some Lusitanian and Vettonian land Para Celtic Caristii and Varduli land Vasconic Celtic or Para Celtic in today s Basque Country the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today From widespread evidence in literature inscriptions and names modern linguists are able to conclude to a group of closely related languages termed Celtic languages Linguistic classification of languages by the Tree Method or Genetic Method which establishes degree of similarity of vocabulary and syntax between languages can be used to assign a relationship of one language to another Closely similar languages are closely related by definition This relationship is termed ethnolinguistic An ethnolinguistic relationship has nothing to do with biological genetic relationships Two populations may be close ethnolinguistically but totally different genetically as when one population learns the language of another Similarly the customs of two populations apart from language have nothing to do with either the people or the language Among such customs are the archaeologies The archaeological finds and culture names have nothing to do with the langage except for inscriptions found This article attempts to arrange Celtic languages by ethnolinguistic similarity Nothing is impled concerning the origins of the peoples or their material culture In Classical antiquity Celts were in large number and were a significant part of the population in many regions of Western Europe Southern Central Europe the British Isles parts of the Balkans and also Central Asia Minor or Anatolia Modern people and their languages are excluded from this list A few Celtic languages are still extant They are not of interest here Contents 1 The ancestor language 2 Continental Celts 2 1 Eastern Celts 2 2 1 1 Galatians 2 2 Gauls Galli or Celtae 2 2 1 Cisalpine Gauls 2 3 Lepontine Celts 2 4 Celto Ligurians Gallo Ligurians 2 5 Hispano Celts Celts of Hispania 2 5 1 Western Hispano Celts Celts of Western Hispania 2 5 2 Eastern Hispano Celts Celtiberians 3 Insular Celts 3 1 Britons Celts 3 2 Picts Caledonians 3 3 Goidels Gaels Hibernians 4 Possible Para Celts 4 1 Belgae 37 4 2 Ligurians 4 3 Lusitanians Vettones 4 4 Turdetanians 4 5 Veneti Adriatic Veneti 5 Possible Celts mixed with other peoples 5 1 Celto Dacian Germanic 5 2 Celto Germanic 5 3 Celtic Germanic Iranian 5 4 Celto Illyrians 5 5 Ibero Celto Ligurians 6 Non Celtic people heavily Celticized 6 1 Rhaetians 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksThe ancestor language edit nbsp Map 2 Indo European migrations as described in The Horse the Wheel and Language by David W Anthony This is an entirely hypothetical view There are many such Certainty is not to be found in the larger view although many of the details of comparison are considered certain This is as good a viewpoint as any for the purpose of introducing the problems In the Tree Model of language development languages develop historically or diachronically through time by splitting At a point T1 in time a population of P speaks a common language L Over the range of P two different groups P1 and P2 within P begin to speak L differently so that at T2 there are now L1 and L2 where before was only L L1 and L2 are sister languages while L is variously called the common proto or parent language It is clear that in the Tree Model of language development groups of sister languages L1 L2 Ln exist and every group must come from a proto language The very assertion that any languages are related implies the former existence of one and only one proto language as ancestor Thus to refer at all to a group of languages termed Celtic implies the sometime existence of Proto Celtic The population P of this L is often referenced as the Proto Celts Such a term implies that they spoke the language There is no other definition of Proto Celtic They cannot logically have not spoken it or have spoken anything else as a primary language There is only one Proto Celtic From it descend all the Celtic languages without exception Proto Celtic is the ancestor of the Celtic languages The linguistic possibilty that a language might belong to more than one tree and thus have more than one ancestor is not of concern here but is considered in the lists below Such a case might happen when two populations combine and develop a combined language There is however only one Celtic ancestor of any Celtic language regardless of what else it might be If any of its languages are considered out of the group then it is not Proto Celtic If Proto Celtic is considered not to have existed then none of the supposed Celtic languages are that There is a theory that Celtic languages and therefore Celts did not exist as such Such a view linguistically would require linguists to discard all their dictionaries and start over an unlikely event Merging into the Tree Model is the Genetic Model In the latter an ancestor with all its descendants is termed a clade and is called monophyletic As languages do not suddenly appear from nowhere the Celtic clade must have had a mother language as well It undoubtedly had sister languages to Proto Celtic Proto Celtic and its ancestor alone are called paraphyletic meaning that some of the sister languages of Proto Celtic are not considered One of the problems of historical linguistics is to determine what sister groups are clades and what not Asit turns out Proto Celtic and all its sister languages are in a virtual clade called Indo European The term virtual refers to the possibility of other Indo European languages being discovered As this possibility is always open then neither Indo European nor any of its descendant groups can ever be a clade For the time being however based on what is known they are generally considered clades Corresponding to this conception there must have been a Proto Indo European language spoken by a population that linguists may call Proto Indo Europeans This is a linguistic exonym The speakers did not imagine themselves such or know of their far ranging linguistic alliances Analysis of tribal names suggests they may have called themselves by some sort of family name such as the people or our people There is no evidence of an Indo European race as anyone could come into contact with the Indo Europeans and learn Indo European Proto Indo European though the mother of Proto Celtic was not a Celtic language nor a Greek language nor an Anatolian language nor any of the others The proto language has a number of characteristics that passed on to the descendant languages are termed in linguistics shared retentions No daughter language can ever be defined on shared retentions as there is no way it can differ from the parent What makes a language distinctive is the shared innovations characteristics that are not in Proto Indo European It can get these from anywhere as long as it is non Indo European The term shared applies to different subjects in each case The innovations will be shared by daughter languages of the daughter Map 2 depicts the current state of the virtual clades of Indo European in the view of D W Anthony Credibility requires a fundamental assumption that archaeological cultures can represent language groups For example perhaps there is something about the archaeology of London that tags it as English speaking rather than French speaking etc The pre WWII scholars had adopted this view with reservations for example Heinrich Schlieman had applied the term Minyan Ware to a Middle Helladic pottery type found over much of Greece especially at Orchomenus Boeotia At that location the legendary king Minyas mythology was said to have ruled Schlieman assigned the pottery to an ethnic identity which he created from the myth the Minyans The traditional archaeologists of the WWII period such as Carl Blegen and his students and successors went Schlieman one better so to speak in daring hypotheses by supposing Minyans to have been Proto Greeks This supposition was abruptly opposed on the grounds that it was too far out of the evidence to be justitifed One had to invent Minyans and then invent a Proto Greek for them without a shred of evidence about the language Archaeologists of the times were daring Eurasian cultures were fair game for anthropological archaeologists such as V Gordon Childe who became the British mentor of archaeology He was sorting through dozens of new cultures without really knowing what to do with them as there was no way to date them He threw them all into the thousand years around 2000 BC and developed some very imaginative links betweem them influenced as they all were by the rising Nazi racial standards James Henry Breasted provided a benchmark with his concept of the Great White Races as opposed to the Mongoloids and Negroids who didn t fare so well He was only a notable example of a general line of thought A catastophe was about to fall on the archaeology of the 1950 s and before The field of atomic research concomitant with the development of the atomic bomb discovered a method of dating organic material by estimating time of radioactive decay Radiocarbon dating Streams of new dates for the Eurasian cultures fell upon the works and estimates of the WWII scholars Although Childe s success in some areas stood for the most part his sequences lost meaning The dates were quite different from previously expected The whole thing needed to be redone Childe s Aryan Race for example vanished away Aged and ill from cancer Childe jumped off a cliff Continental Celts editContinental Celts were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe Iberian peninsula southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia They were most of the population in Gallia today s France Switzerland possibly Belgica far Northern France Belgium and far Southern Netherlands large parts of Hispania i e Iberian Peninsula Spain and Portugal in the northern central and western regions southern Central Europe upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions large parts of the middle Danube basin and the inland region of Central Asia Minor or Anatolia They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from Iberia in the west to the Balkans and Anatolia in the east Many of the populations from these regions were called Celts by ancient authors They are thought to have spoken Gaulish P Celtic type Lepontic P Celtic type Hispano Celtic Celtiberian and Western Hispano Celtic or Gallaecian Q Celtic type Eastern Celtic or Noric unknown type P Celtic type languages are more innovative kʷ gt p while Q Celtic type languages are more conservative However it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples such as their languages is a genealogical one phylogenetic based on kinship or if it is a simple geographically based group Classical Antiquity authors did not describe the peoples and tribes of the British Islands as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons They only used the name Celts or Galli for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe 1 Eastern Celts 2 edit nbsp Map 3 Roman district probably not yet a full province by then of Raetia et Vindelicia as it stood in AD 14 Celts dwelt in most areas of the shown land on the map except for the Rhaetians nbsp Map 4 Ancient tribes in the middle Danube river basin around 1st C BCE nbsp Map 5 Central and northern Illyrian tribes and neighbouring Celtic tribes most in magenta to the North and Northwest during the Roman period They lived Southern Central Europe in the Upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions which is hypothesized as the original area of the Celts Proto Celts corresponding to the Hallstatt Culture Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia Galatians Hercynian Forest Hercynia Silva north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands Celts especially those from Western and Central Europe were generally called by the Romans Galli i e Gauls this name was synonym of Celts this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name Gauls Galli were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P Celtic or Q Celtic Some closely fit the concept of a tribe Others are confederations or even unions of tribes Anartes Anartoi Areas of modern Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary north of the river Tysia Tibiscus Tisza They lived in the eastern part of the Hercynia Silva Hercynian Forest Areas of modern central Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary north of the river Tysia Tibiscus Tisza north of the Teuriscii 3 They were later assimilated by Dacians Arabiates 4 areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria west of the river Danubius Danube Belgites 5 areas of modern Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Boii 2 a tribal confederation originally from today s Bohemia Western Czech Republic that dwelt in the Hercynia Silva and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe to areas of modern Slovakia Germany Austria Hungary and Northern Italy 6 7 8 Another hypothesis is that they were a tribal confederation originally from today s Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under Segovesus and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe to areas of modern Slovakia Germany Austria Poland and Hungary 6 7 Boii tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva roughly in today s Bohemia Boii in Cisalpine Gaul Central Emilia Romagna Bologna and Lodi Lombardy Boii in Transalpine Gaul Boui near Entrain 6 They were related to or a branch of the Boii Boii Boiates Boviates Boiates La Tete de Buch probably around Arcachon Bay and northwest of Landes departement in the Pays de Buch and Pays de Born Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani a people that may have been ancestor of the Basques Boii in Pannonia Pannonia today s Western Hungary west of the Danube and part of eastern Austria Tulingi Tylangii localization unclear possibly Southern Germany Switzerland or Austria an originally Boii Celtic tribe that migrated along the upper Danube and later allied with the Helvetii also may have been a Germanic tribe Breuci 9 Carni Carnic Alps South Austria Carinthia Karnten Western Slovenia Carniola Kranjska and Northern Friuli Friul Carnia Cjargna A tribe related to the Carnutes Also may have been a Venetic tribe the Veneti were a transitional people between Celts and Italics or a Celticized Italic people Catubrini In the Alps Southeastern slopes close to Plavis Piave and near Bellunum Belluno to the Southwest of the Carni They came from Central Europe and not from Gaul Gallia They were not Cisalpine Gaulish Celts Celts of Tylis Tylisian Celts 10 Cornacates 11 areas of modern Western Hungary west of river Danubius Danube Cotini areas of modern Slovakia west of the Anartes and areas of Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube south of Lacus Pelsodis Pelso today s Lake Balaton Eravisci Aravisci 12 areas of modern Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Aquincum modern Budapest was in their territory Helvetii Rauraci Raurici Helvetii original dwellers of Agri Decumates region in the western part of Hercynia Silva to the east and north of the Rhine later possibly at the end of the 3rd century BC they expanded to the South and Southwest to land later called Helvetia modern day Switzerland They were possibly more related to the Celtic populations of the upper Danube basin than to the Celts of Gaul Decumates may have meant Ten Cantons La Tene tribal confederation of four tribes Tigurini Yverdon Tougeni Verbigeni Tribe of unknown name Helvetii Proper Rauraci Raurici Kaiseraugst Augusta Raurica a tribe closely related to the Helvetii Hercuniates Hercuniatae 13 areas of modern Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Latobici Latovici 14 not the same tribe as the Latobrigi but they could have been related they dwelt in areas of modern Slovenia and Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Latobrigi uncertain location maybe to the north or northeast of the Helvetii in the upper Danube Danubius and upper Rhine river basins original dwellers of Agri Decumates region in the western part of Hercynia Silva Scordisci 15 areas of modern Serbia Croatia Austria Romania west of the river Danubius Danube According to Livy they were related to the Bastarnae Celegeri Celengeri 16 Dindari or Dindarii Greek Dindarioi 16 a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci 17 nbsp Map 6 Tribes in Thrace before the Roman period Some of the tribes shown such as the Serdi were Celts Serdi 18 19 in Serdica region today s Sofiya Bulgaria s Capital Serrapilli Serapilli areas of modern Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Serretes 20 areas of modern Western Hungary west of the river Danubius Danube Tricornenses 21 a later formation tribe Norici Taurisci Varisci a tribal confederation Alauni in the middle Aenus river basin Inn east of the Aenus in the Eastern Alps Chiemsee and Attersee lakes region Ambidravi Ambidrani in the upper and middle Dravus Drau Drava river basin in the Eastern Alps and also in the Mur Mura river basin today s Carinthia and Styria Austria Ambilici in the Dravus Drau Drava river basin east of the Ambidravi Ambidrani today s Southeast Austria and Northeast Slovenia Ambisontes Ambisontii in the Alpes Noricae East Central Alps in the upper Salzach river basin Norici Narisci Nori may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation in the Eastern Alps and in the Mur Mura and Schwarza rivers basins and other areas today s Styria and Lower Austria Austria south of the Danubius Danube also may have been a Germanic tribe Sevaces in the low Aenus river basin Inn east of the Aenus and south of the Danubius Danube roughly in today s Upper Austria Teuriscii A branch of the Celtic Taurisci originally from Noricum in the Tysia Tibiscus Tisza river basin south of the Anartes Anartii Anartoi Celts assimilated by Dacians 3 Varciani 14 areas of modern Slovenia Croatia Vindelici a tribal confederation areas of modern Southern Germany Bavaria and Baden Wurttemberg in the upper Danube basin May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes Brigantii in the Lacus Brigantinus Lake Constance area Brigantia Bregenz was the main centre in the border areas of modern Germany Austria and Switzerland north of the Vennonetes Vennones Vennonienses Catenates South of the Danubius Danube in the low Licus Lech river area Augusta Vindelicorum region today s Augsburg north of the Licates Consuanetae Cosuanetes Cotuantii Upper and middle valley of fl Isarus r Isar Bavarian Alps in today s Upper Bavaria Germany Estiones South of the Danubius Danube in the Ilargus Roth and Riss rivers area including today s Ulm area between modern Bavaria and Baden Wurttemberg Cambodunum today s Kempten was one of their towns Leuni in the Isarus Isar and Ammer Amper river areas Munich area Bavaria Licates in the Licus Lech river valley south of the Catenates Rucinates Rucantii Between rivers Isarus Isar and Danuvius Danube Low Bavaria Vennones Vennonienses Vennonetes Upper valley of fl Rhenus r Rhine in today s canton of St Gallen Switzerland south of the Brigantii Vindelici Proper a tribe to the north of the Upper Danube Volcae a tribal confederation originally from today s Moravia Eastern Czech Republic Central and Upper Danube basin Slovakia Austria Southern Germany also in Main river basin to the west of the Boii They dwelt in Hercynia Silva north of the Danuvius Danube but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe Southern Gaul and Asia Minor Anatolia Galatia Volcae tribes of unknown names in Hercynia Silva roughly in today s Moravia and Main river basin Volcae Arecomici Volcae Arecomisci in southern Gaul in the Mediterranean coast of today s Languedoc Volcae Tectosages in Southern Gaul and also in Galatia Central Asia Minor or Anatolia one of the main tribes that formed the Galatians Possible Volcae tribes Volciani may have been a tribe related to the Volcae and not to the Hispano Celts Iberian Celts i e the Celts of the Iberian Peninsula Located north of the river Iberus Ebro but not very precisely Galatians edit nbsp Map 7 Classical regions of Asia Minor Anatolia Galatia were Galatians dwelt is in the centre In the middle 3rd century BC Celts from the middle Danube valley immigrated from Thrace into the highlands of central Anatolia modern Turkey which was called Galatia after that These people called Galatians a generic name for Celts were eventually Hellenized 22 23 but retained many of their own traditions They spoke Galatian a name derived from the generic name for Celts Some closely fit the concept of a tribe Others are confederations or even unions of tribes Aigosages 24 between Troy and Cyzicus Daguteni 24 in modern Marmara region around Orhaneli Inovanteni 24 east of the Trocnades Okondiani 24 between Phrygia and Galatia northeast of modern Aksehir Golu Rigosages 24 unlocated Trocnades 24 in Phrygia around modern Sivrihisar Unknown tribe Territory of Gaezatorix a Celtic Chieftain 24 between Bithynia and Galatia at modern Bolu Core Galatians Tectosages 24 in Galatia Tolistobogii 24 in Galatia Trocmii 24 in Galatia easternmost known Celtic tribe See also List of ancient tribes in Illyria See also List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia Gauls Galli or Celtae edit nbsp Map 8 Gaul 58 BC with important tribes towns rivers etc and early Roman provinces nbsp Map 9 Gaul Gallia on the eve of Roman conquest Celtica which included Armorica Belgica and Aquitania Propria were conquered while Narbonensis was conquered earlier already ruled by the Roman Republic The map shows the ethnic and linguistic kinship of the tribes by different colours the map is in French nbsp Map 10 Roman Gaul at the end of the 1st century B C Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas 1886 with important tribes towns rivers etc and Roman provinces Gauls were the Celtic people that lived in Gaul having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations Galli Gauls for the Romans was a name synonym of Celts as Julius Caesar states in De Bello Gallico 25 which means that not all peoples and tribes called Galli were necessarily Gauls in a narrower regional sense Gaulish Celts spoke Gaulish a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type a more innovative Celtic language kʷ gt p Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces later in three Transalpine Gaul meaning literally Gaul on the other side of the Alps or Gaul across the Alps is approximately modern Belgium France Switzerland Netherlands and Western Germany in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Celtica later Lugdunensis and Aquitania and Gallia Belgica Some closely fit the concept of a tribe Others are confederations or even unions of tribes Abrincatui in Aremorica or Armorica Aedui Haedui Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation roughly in the geographical centre of Gaul and controlling important land river and trade routes Aedui Haedui proper Bibracte Ambivareti Parisii Gaul Lutetia today s Paris was their capital A tribe of similar name the Parisi dwelt in East Yorkshire United Kingdom Senones Sens Agenisates Angesinates Angoumois Agnutes Vendee Allobroges Allobriges Vienne Southern Gaul Ambarri they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it Ambiliates Ambilatres Low Liger Loire in Aremorica or Armorica Ambivarii Ambibarii in Aremorica or Armorica Anagnutes Andecamulenses Andecavi Andes Angers Antobroges Arverni Gergovia tribal confederation Arverni proper Gabali Armoricani Aremoricii in Aremorica or Armorica Land Before the Sea or Close to the Sea Are Morica Arvii Atacini Aussiere Atesui Aulerci tribal confederation Aulerci Brannovices Brannovii Blannovii a southern branch of the Aulerci but within the Aedui tribal confederation Aulerci Cenomani Gaul Cenomani Le Mans Aulerci Diablintes Aulerci Eburovices Aulerci Sagii Baiocasses Boiocasses Bayeux in Aremorica or Armorica Bebryces Gauls in southern Gaul south of the Volcae Arecomici close to Narbo Narbonne region Bipedimui Pimpedunni Bituriges Bituriges Cubi Bourges an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the Aedui tribal confederation Bituriges Vivisci Bordeaux Burdigala Cadurci Cahors Caeresi Cambolectres Carnutes Autricum Chartres Cenabum Genabum Orleans in Aremorica or Armorica Chalbici Chablais in Southern Gaul south of Lake Leman Corisopiti Curiosolitae Coriosolites Corseul in Aremorica or Armorica Edenates in Southern Gaul Eleuterii Elycoces Epomandui Esuvii Esubii Sesuvii Helvii Elvi Southern Gaul Lemovices Limoges Lexovii Lisieux in Aremorica or Armorica Lingones Mandubii Alesia under Aedui Confederation influence but not part of it Medulli Meduci Medoc southwestern Gaul Namnetes Nantes in Aremorica or Armorica Nantuates Nantuatae Nitiobroges Nitiobriges Osismii Western end of Brittany Peninsula in Aremorica or Armorica Petrocorii Perigueux Pictones Pictavi Poitiers Redones Rennes in Aremorica or Armorica Ruteni Rodez Santones Saintes Seduni High Rhone river valley Sion Middle Valais Switzerland Segusiavi Segobriges Lugdunum Lyon that was to be capital of Gallia Lugdunensis was in their land they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it Segovellauni Segovi in Southern Gaul Sequani Besancon Tornates Turnates Tricasses Tricassini Triviatii Trones Turones Turoni Tours Uberi Viberi High Rhone river valley Upper Valais Vellavi Velaunii Ruessium Veragri High Rhone river valley Lower Valais Veroduni Venelli Unelli Coutances Cotentin Peninsula in today s Western Normandy region in Aremorica or Armorica Veneti Vannes in Aremorica or Armorica Viducasses Vadicasses Vadicassii Vieux in Aremorica or Armorica Mix of several Gaulish tribes Gaesatae Numbering c 30 000 they participated in the battle of Telamon 26 a group of mercenary Celtic warriors from several tribes of the western Alps slopes not a tribe Possible Gaulish tribes Galli tribe along Gallicus Gallego river banks see place names toponyms like Forum Gallorum Gallur a different tribe from the Suessetani may have been a tribe related to the Galli Gauls and not to the Hispano Celts Iberian Celts Some Gaulish tribes may have migrated southward and crossed the Pyrenees by the north the central or the south areas of the mountains in a second or a third Celtic wave to the Iberian Peninsula These tribes were different from the Hispano Celtic Iberian Celtic tribes Garumni along the banks of the high Garumna Garonne southwest of the Volcae Tectosages and in and around Lugdunum Convenarum among the Convenae Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani a people that may have been the ancestor of the Basques See also List of peoples of Gaul Cisalpine Gauls edit nbsp Map 11 Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC Celtic tribes are shown in blue map names are in French Cisalpine Gauls Celtae Galli Cisalpini They lived in Cisalpine Gaul most of today s northern Italy Multiple waves of population movements from France 7 They spoke Cisalpine Gaulish a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type closely related to Gaulish or Gallic They lived in Cisalpine Gaul Gallia Cisalpina also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata 27 was the part of Italy continually inhabited by Celts since the 13th century BC 28 Conquered by the Roman Republic in the 220s BC it was a Roman province from c 81 BC until 42 BC when it was merged into Roman Italy 29 Until that time it was considered part of Gaul precisely that part of Gaul on the hither side of the Alps from the perspective of the Romans as opposed to Transalpine Gaul on the far side of the Alps 30 Seven Gaulish tribes that according to Livy settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC Led by Bellovesus they defeated the Etruscans at the Ticino settled in Insubria and founded the city of Mediolanum the modern Milan 31 They were ancestors of Cisalpine Gauls Aedui many Insubres descended from them Ambarri Arverni Aulerci many Cisalpine Gaul Cenomani descended from them Bituriges Carnutes Salyes or Salluvii Celto Ligurians Anani Western Emilia Po Valley Fidentia Province of Piacenza Anamares Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river Padus in Italy is uncertain Anares Middle Po Valley Placentia Piacenza Province of Piacenza Cenomani Cisalpine Gaul Eastern Lombardy Brixia Cremona Related to or a branch of the Cenomani Aulerci Cenomani that lived in Transalpine Gaul Gallia Transalpina Insubres Western Lombardy Milan Said by Pliny to descend from the Aedui Lingones North eastern Emilia Romagna Ferrara Po Valley Related to or a branch of the Lingones that lived in Gaul Gallia Senones South eastern Emilia Romagna Rimini and Northern Marche Senigallia Related to or a branch of the Senones that lived in Gaul Gallia Lepontine Celts edit They seem to have been an older group of Celts that lived in Cisalpine Gaul before the Gaulish Celtic migration They spoke Lepontic a Continental Celtic language a Celtic language that seems to precede Cisalpine Gaulish Lepontii Lepontii Leipontii Lepontes Valle Leventina and Val d Ossola in today s Province of Verbano Cusio Ossola Piemonte North eastern Piedmont far Northwestern Lombardy and Switzerland in the Lepontine Alps They were not Gaulish Celts Orobii or Orumbovii Central Lombardy Bergamo Celto Ligurians Gallo Ligurians edit May have been Celtic tribes influenced by Ligurians heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed Celtic Ligurian tribes They dwelt in southeastern Transalpine Gaul and northwestern Cisalpine Gaul mainly in the Western Alps regions Rhodanus eastern basin and upper Po river basin Acitavones Adenates Adanates slopes of the Western Alps Maurienne Modanne Southern Gaul Adunicates Andon area Southern Gaul Albici Middle and Lower Durance river valley Southern Gaul tribal confederation Albienses Albici Proper Vordenses Vulgientes Anatili Avantices Avantici Avatices Avatici Camargue Rhodanus river delta south of the Volcae Arecomici in Southern Gaul Belaci Bodiontici in Southern Gaul Bormanni Bramovices Low Tarentaise Savoy Southern Gaul Briganii Brigianii Briancon High Durance river valley Southern Gaul Caburri Camatulici Casmonates Cosmonates in the area of Castellazzo Bormida Caturiges Chorges High Durance river valley in Southern Gaul Cavares Cavari North of Low Durance Arausio Orange in Southern Gaul tribal confederation Cavares Proper Meminii Menimii Ceutrones Centrones Moutiers in the western Alps slopes Southern Gaul Coenicenses Dexivates Esubiani Ubaye Valley Southern Gaul Euburiates Gabieni Glanici Graioceli Garocelli Alps western slopes in part of eastern Savoy and Alps eastern slopes northwestern Piedmont in the Graian Alps Iadatini Iconii Gap in Southern Gaul Irienses Libii Libici Ligauni Maielli Medulli upper valley of Maurienne Southern Gaul Naburni Nearchi Nemalones Nemolani in Southern Gaul Nemeturii High Var river valley Southern Gaul Orobii in the northern Italian Alpine valleys of Bergamo Como and Lecco Quariates in Southern Gaul Reieni Reii in Southern Gaul Salassi Gallo Ligurian people Aosta Valley and Canavese Northern Piedmont Ivrea Salyes Salluvii Savincates Sebagini Segobriges Segovi Segusini in Segusa today s Susa Piemonte Sentienes Sentii Senez in Southern Gaul Sigorii Sogiontii Suelteri Sueltri Suetrii Taurini parts of central Piedmont Turin region Tebavii Tricastini Tricorii in Southern Gaul Tritolii Ucenni Veamini in Southern Gaul Vennavi Vergunni Vinon sur Verdon Southern Gaul Verucini Vocontii Transalpine Gaul Vertamocori Vaison la Romaine Southern Gaul in modern Provence on the east bank of the Rhone and Vercors southern Gaul Vertamocorii Eastern Piedmont Novara Said by Pliny to descend from the Vocontii Hispano Celts Celts of Hispania edit nbsp Map 12 Roman Hispania at the end of the 1st century B C Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas 1886 with important tribes towns rivers etc and Roman provinces nbsp Map 13 Celts in the Iberian Peninsula despite the name a large part of the peninsula was celtic They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula in the Northern Central and Western regions half of the Peninsula s territory The Celts in the Iberian peninsula were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the La Tene culture that defined classical Iron Age Celts Earlier migrations were Hallstatt in culture and later came La Tene influenced peoples Celtic or Indo European Pre Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe They dwelt in northern central and western regions of the Iberian Peninsula but also in several southern regions They spoke Celtic languages Hispano Celtic languages which were of the Q Celtic type more conservative Celtic languages Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces later in three Hispania Citerior Nearer Hispania Hispania that is Closer from the perspective of the Romans was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Iberus Ebro Valley and later the eastern central northern and northwestern areas of the Iberian peninsula in what would become the Tarraconensis Roman province of what is now Spain and northern Portugal Hispania Ulterior Further Hispania Hispania that is Beyond from the perspective of the Romans was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic roughly located in what would become the provinces of Baetica that included the Baetis Guadalquivir valley of modern Spain and extending to all of Lusitania modern south and central Portugal Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province The Roman province of Hispania included both Celtic speaking and non Celtic speaking tribes Some closely fit the concept of a tribe Others are confederations or even unions of tribes Western Hispano Celts Celts of Western Hispania edit Western Hispano Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but in fact they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations They spoke Gallaecian a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type a more conservative Celtic language which was not Celtiberian Celtic languages of Iberian Peninsula are often lumped as Hispano Celtic Allotriges Autrigones East Burgos Spain Northwestern La Rioja Spain to the Atlantic Coast Astures Asturias and northern Leon Spain and east of Tras os Montes Portugal tribal confederation Cismontani Amaci Cabruagenigi Gigurri Lancienses Lougei Orniaci Superatii Susarri Astures Proper Tiburi Zoelae Eastern Tras os Montes Portugal Miranda do Douro Transmontani Baedunienses Brigaentini Cabarci Iburri Luggones Lungones Paenii Paesici Saelini Vinciani Viromenici Might be related to the Viromandui Bebryaces Berybraces unknown location may have been related to the Bebryces gauls or the Berones there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the Celtiberians Berones La Rioja Spain Could have been related to the Eburones Cantabri Cantabria part of Asturias and part of Castile and Leon Spain some consider them not Celtic may have been Pre Celtic Indo European as could have been the Lusitani and Vettones 2 If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para Celtic like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic A Tribal confederation Avarigines Blendii Plentusii Plentuisii Camarici Tamarici Concani Gongani two tribes of similar name the Britannia Gangani and Hibernia Gangani lived in Britannia and Hibernia they could have been three branches of the same tribe three related tribes with common ancestors or three different tribes that shared similar names Coniaci Conisci Moroecani Noegi Orgenomesci Salaeni Selaeni Vadinienses Vellici Velliques Caristii Carietes today s West Basque Country they may have been Celtic see Late Basquisation they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries CE Some consider them not Celtic may have been a Pre Celtic Indo European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been 3 If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para Celtic like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic Carpetani Central Iberian meseta Spain in the geographical centre of the Iberian Peninsula in a large part of today s Castilla La Mancha and Madrid regions A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes 32 the name of these tribes is known today by archaeology discovery of their names in old stellae and not by mention of any known or survived works of Classical Antiquity authors Aelarici Aelariques Aeturici Aeturiques Arquioci in Iplacea Roman named Complutum today s Alcala de Henares region Acualici Acualiques Bocourici Bocouriques Canbarici in Toletum Toledo region Contucianci in Segobriga region Dagencii Dovilici Doviliques Duitici Duitiques Duniques Elguismici Elguismiques Langioci Longeidoci Maganici Maganiques Malugenici Malugeniques Manucici Manuciques Maureici Mesici Metturici Moenicci Obisodici Obisodiques in Toletum Toledo region Pilonicori Solici Tirtalici Tirtaliques in Segobriga region Uloci Uloques Venatioci Venatioques Celtici Portugal south of the Tagus and north of Guadiana Anas Alentejo and Algarve Portugal western Extremadura Spain tribal confederation Celtici of Arunda Ronda in south Turdetania later Baetica Roman province in today s western Malaga Province Andalusia region southernmost known Celtic tribe Cempsi Conii according to some scholars Conii and Cynetes were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe in this case the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle Anas Guadiana river in today s western Extremadura region of Spain and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the Cynetes of Cyneticum Algarve that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river Anas Guadiana further to the south the celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes 33 Mirobrigenses Saephes Saefes Sefes people or tribe of the Celtici that has been identified as synonymous with the Ophi or Serpent People their land was called Ophiussa a people that migrated westward and conquered and expelled an older people known as the Oestrymni or Oestrimni in a land that was called Oestriminis Unknown tribes Gallaeci Callaici Gallecians Gallaecia Portugal amp Galicia Western Hispano Celts largest tribal confederation Abobrigenses Addovi Iadovi Aebocosi Aedui Gallaecian tribe Albiones Albioni western Asturias Spain Amphiloci Aquaflavienses Aquiflavienses Vila Real District Chaves Portugal Arroni Arrotrebi Arrotrebae Artabri Turodes Artabri Northern Galicia Spain They might be related to the Atrebates of Gallia Belgica Artodii Aunonenses Baedi Banienses around Baiao Municipality Eastern Porto District Portugal Barhantes Bibali Biballi Bracari Callaeci Bracari roughly in today s Braga District Portugal Brassii Brigantes Gallaecian tribe Northern Braganca District Braganca Portugal Caladuni Capori Copori Celtici Gallaecian Celtici Praestamarici Celtici Supertamarici Cibarci Cileni Coelerni southwestern Ourense Province Spain south of Minho river Cuci Egi Egovarri Varri Namarini Equaesi Minho and Tras os Montes Portugal Gallaeci or Callaeci Proper this tribe gave name to the larger tribal confederation of the same name not the same tribe as the Bracari roughly in today s Porto District Portuguese District County west of the Tamega Grovii Turodes Grovii Minho Portugal and Galicia Spain Iadones Interamici Interamnici Tras os Montes Portugal Lapatianci Lemavi Leuni Minho Portugal Limici Lima river banks Minho Portugal and Galicia Spain Louguei Luanqui Tras os Montes Portugal Naebisoci Aebisoci Namarii Narbasi Minho Portugal and Galicia Spain Nemetati Minho Portugal Nerii Neri Poemani they might be related to the Paemani Quaquerni Querquerni Minho Portugal Segodii Seurbi Minho Portugal Seurri Sarria Municipality East Central Galicia Spain Tamagani Chaves Portugal Tongobrigenses Turodi Turodes Tras os Montes Portugal and Galicia Spain Cynetes Cyneticum today s Algarve region and Low Alentejo Portugal originally probably Tartessians or similar later celtized by the Celtici according to some scholars Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes 33 4 Oestrymni or Oestrimni or Oestrymini They lived in far western Iberian Peninsula in coastal Atlantic regions today s Galicia and Portugal before other Celtic peoples their land was called Oestryminis or Oestriminis their existence is not well proven semi legendary people Osismii Iberian Peninsula people mentioned along with the Oestrymni or may have been the same people Plentauri Northwestern La Rioja Spain Turduli Guadiana valley Portugal and Extremadura Spain may have been related to Lusitanians Callaeci or Turdetani Turduli Baetici Turduli Baetures Baeturia Baeturia Turdulorum ancient northern region of Baetica Province south and east of the river Anas Guadiana and northern slope of Marianus Mons Sierra Morena Southern Extremadura region Badajoz Province Portugal Southeastern corner East Beja District Alentejo region Turduli Bardili Setubal Peninsula Portugal may have been related to Lusitanians Callaeci or Turdetani Turduli Oppidani Estremadura and Beira Litoral Portugal may have been related to Lusitanians Callaeci or Turdetani Turduli Veteres Southern Douro banks between Douro and Vouga River Aveiro District Portugal may have been related to Lusitanians Callaeci or Turdetani Turmodigi or Turmogi Central Burgos Vaccaei North Central Iberian meseta Spain middle Duero river basin A tribal confederation Ptolemy mentions 20 vaccaean Civitates that also had the meaning of tribes 34 Cauci Vaccaei in Cauca Coca Segovia Other tribes 19 other tribes mentioned by Ptolemy Varduli today s East Basque Country they may have been Celtic see Late Basquisation they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries AD Some consider them not Celtic may have been a Pre Celtic Indo European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para Celtic like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic 5 Eastern Hispano Celts Celtiberians edit nbsp Map 14 Territory of the Celtiberi mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians with the possible location of the tribes The names of the tribes are in Castillian or Spanish whose plural grammatical number descends from the Latin plural accusative declension Eastern Iberian meseta Spain mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro Tagus Guadiana Anas Jucar Jalon Jiloca and Turia tribal confederation Mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians Not synonymous of all the Celts that lived in the Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group the majority of Celtic tribes in the Iberian Peninsula were not Celtiberians They spoke Celtiberian a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type a more conservative Celtic language Arevaci Celtiberian Arevaci Celtiberian tribe Before or Close to the Vaccaei Are Vaci Are Vaccaei Belli Cratistii Lobetani Lusones Western Zaragoza province Eastern Guadalajara Spain Mantesani Mentesani Mantasani La Mancha Plateau Castilla La Mancha Spain they were a different people from the Oretani Olcades Oretani northeastern Andalusia northwest Murcia and southern fringes of La Mancha Spain mountains of the headwaters of the Guadalquivir ancient river Baetis Some consider them not Celtic 6 see Germani Oretania Pellendones Cerindones in high Duero river course Numantia and neighboring mountains may also have been related to the Pelendi Belendi that dwelt in the middle of the river Sigmatis today s Leyre Titii Celtiberian Turboletae Turboleti Uraci Duraci Possible Celtiberian tribe Belendi Pelendi Belinum territory Belin Beliet in the middle Sigmatis river in today s Leyre river area south of the Bituriges Vivisci and the Boii Boiates they may have been related to the Pellendones a Celtiberian tribe Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani a people that may have been the ancestor of the Basques See also Pre Roman peoples of the Iberian PeninsulaInsular Celts editInsular Celts were the Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited the British Islands Britannia Great Britain the main largest island to the east and Hibernia Ireland the main smaller island to the west There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands in Britannia inhabited the Britons the Caledonians or Picts the Belgae not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one in Hibernia inhabited the Hibernians or Goidels or Gaels Britons and Caledonians or Picts spoke the P Celtic type languages a more innovative Celtic language kʷ gt p while Hibernians or Goidels or Gaels spoke Q Celtic type languages a more conservative Celtic language Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons in Britannia They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe 1 Britons Celts edit nbsp Map 15 Southern Britain about the year 150 AD nbsp Map 16 Wales about the year 40 AD They spoke Brittonic an Insular Celtic language of the P Celtic type They lived in Britannia it was the name Romans gave based on the name of the people the Britanni Some closely fit the concept of a tribe but others are confederations or even unions of tribes Ancalites mentioned by Caesar uncertain speculatively Hampshire and Wiltshire they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgian Catuvellauni Attacotti origin uncertain Bibroci mentioned by Caesar location uncertain but possibly Berkshire they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgian Catuvellauni Boresti sometimes Horesti In or near Fife Scotland according to Tacitus Brigantes an important tribe in most of Northern England and in the south east corner of Ireland Cantiaci in present day Kent which preserves the ancient tribal name Carvetii Cumberland Cassi mentioned by Caesar possibly south east England they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgian Catuvellauni Corieltauvi Coritani East Midlands including Leicester Corionototae possibly a tribe a subtribe of the Brigantes or a group of warriors Northumberland Cornovii Midlands Damnonii Southwestern Scotland Deceangli Flintshire Wales Demetae Dyfed Wales Dobunni Cotswolds and Severn valley Dumnonii Devon Cornwall Somerset Cornovii Cornwall a sub tribe of the Dumnonii Durotriges Dorset south Somerset south Wiltshire possibly the Isle of Wight Gabrantovices Gangani Llŷn Peninsula Wales A tribe of the same name the Gangani Ganganoi lived in Hibernia s southwestern coast they could have been two branches of the same tribe two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names A tribe of similar name the Gongani or Concani was a tribe of the Cantabri they could have been another branch of the same tribe related tribes with common ancestors or a different tribe that shared a similar name Iceni Cenimagni may have been the same tribe Cenimagni Iceni Magni mentioned by Caesar perhaps the same as the Iceni Iceni East Anglia under Boudica they rebelled against Roman rule Novantae Galloway and Carrick Ordovices Gwynedd Wales they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills Parisi East Riding of Yorkshire A tribe of similar name the Parisii dwelt in Paris region France Segontiaci mentioned by Caesar probably south east England they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgian Catuvellauni Selgovae Dumfriesshire and the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Setantii possibly a tribe Lancashire Silures south Wales resisted the Romans in present day south Wales Trinovantes Trinobantes Essex neighbours of the Iceni they joined in their rebellion Votadini Otadini north east England and south east Scotland they later formed Gododdin Picts Caledonians edit nbsp Map 17 Northern Britain about the year 150 AD They were a different people from the Britons citation needed but may have shared common ancestry They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia today s Northern Scotland the Caledonian Forest Caledonia Silva was in their land Caledonians Caledones a tribal confederation Caledones Proper Caledonii Proper along the Great Glen Taexali Taezali Angus and Grampian Vacomagi in and around the Cairngorms Venicones Fife and south west Tayside in Scotland Carnonacae western Highlands Carini or Caereni far western Highlands Cateni north and west of Sutherland they gave the county its Gaelic name Cataibh Cornovii Cornavii far northern mainland Scotland northernmost known Celtic tribe Creones Argyll Decantae or Ducantae eastern Ross and Black Isle Epidii Kintyre and neighboring islands Lugi southern Sutherland Maeatae Maetae Miathi Smertae central Sutherland Tribe of unknown name in the Faroe Islands may have been Picts Tribe of unknown name in the Orkney Islands may have been Picts Tribe of unknown name in the Shetland Islands may have been Picts See also Iron Age tribes in Britain Goidels Gaels Hibernians edit nbsp Map 18 The population groups tribes and tribal confederations of Ireland Iouernia Hibernia mentioned in Ptolemy s Geographia in a modern interpretation Tribes names on the map are in Greek although some are in a phonetic transliteration and not in Greek spelling They spoke Goidelic an Insular Celtic language of the Q Celtic type According to Ptolemy s Geography 2nd century AD in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map Autini Aouteinoi Auteinoi on the map not the Greek spelling Brigantes Britons A tribe of the same name lived in northern Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name Cauci Kaῦkoi Kaukoi on the map A tribe of the same name Chauci lived in Northern Germany or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name Coriondi or Koriondoi A tribe of a similar name Corionototae lived in Northern Britannia Darini Darinoi Eblani Eblanioi Erdini Erdinoi Gangani Ganganoi Britons A tribe of the same name lived in western Britannia today s northwestern Wales they could have been two branches of the same tribe two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names Iverni Iouernoi Iwernoi on the map not the Greek spelling Manapii Manapioi Belgae A tribe of similar name the Menapii lived in the coast of Belgica province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names Nagnatae or Magnatae Nagnatai or Magnatai Robogdii Rhobogdioi Usdiae Ousdiai Usdiai on the map not the Greek spelling Uterni Outernoi Uternoi on the map not the Greek spelling Velabri or Vellabori Ouellaboroi Wellabrioi on the map not the Greek spelling Vennicnii Ouenniknioi Wenniknioi on the map not the Greek spelling Volunti Ouolountioi Woluntioi on the map not the Greek spelling identifiable with the Ulaidh Uluti 35 Later peoples Scotti western portion of Scotland later they expanded for most part of the country a later people from late Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes mostly from the Darini Robogdii and Volunti Uluti that crossed the North Channel they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dal Riata See also List of Irish kingdoms and TuathPossible Para Celts editPara Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the Celts but were not Celts themselves although they were later Celticized and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence they were not direct descendants from the Proto Celts They may in fact have been Proto Celto Italic predating the Celtic or Italic languages and originated earlier from either Proto Celtic or Proto Italic populations who spread from Central Europe into Western Europe after new Yamnaya migrations into the Danube Valley 36 Alternatively a European branch of Indo European dialects termed North west Indo European and associated with the Beaker culture may have been ancestral to not only Celtic and Italic but also to Germanic and Balto Slavic 36 Belgae 37 edit nbsp Map 19 According to Strabo the Belgian tribes in orange the map is in French nbsp Map 20 Belgae Belgae Proper tribe the Atrebates and possibly the Regni or Regnenses and Catuvellauni and neighbouring tribes Britons Proper in Britannia Britain A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in Belgica parts of Britannia and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also parts of Hispania large tribal confederation According to classical authors works like Caesar s De Bello Gallico 25 they were a different people and spoke a different language Ancient Belgic from the Gauls and Britons they were clearly an Indo European people and may have spoken a Celtic language There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo European from the Nordwestblock culture which may have been intermediary between Germanic and Celtic and might have been affiliated to Italic according to a Maurits Gysseling hypothesis Mainlander Belgae in Belgica Ambiani Amiens Ambivareti Atrebates in Belgica Arras Bellovaci Beauvais Caleti Caletes Harfleur Caracotinum later Lillebonne Juliobona Catalauni Gaul Catuvellauni Chalons en Champagne Catuslogi Eburones mixed Belgae and Germani cisrhenani people Leuci Toul Tullum Leucorum Mediomatrici Metz Meldi Marne Matrona Meaux Menapii Cassel A tribe of similar name the Manapii Manapioi lived in southeastern Hibernia modern Ireland coast they could have been two branches of the same tribe two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names Morini Boulogne sur Mer Nervii Bavay Belgae largest tribal confederation Ceutrones Belgae Geidumni Grudii Levaci Nervii Proper Pleumoxii Remi Reims Silvanectii Senlis Suessiones Soissons Suessetani may have been related result of a migration towards south 38 Tencteri Rhine east bank may have been a Celtic tribe and not a Germanic one or a mixed Belgae and Germani tribe Treveri Trier Usipetes Rhine east bank may have been a Celtic tribe and not a Germanic one or a mixed Belgae and Germani tribe Veliocasses Velicasses Velocasses Rouen Viromandui Noyon Islander Belgae in south and southeast Great Britain Atrebates in Britannia an important Belgic tribe of today s Southern England in Berkshire Related to or a branch of the Atrebates that lived in Gallia Belgica Belgae tribe in Britannia Belgic tribe in today s England s south coast Isle of Wight Hampshire Wiltshire Catuvellauni Britannia today s Hertfordshire Belgic tribe neighbours of the Iceni they joined in their rebellion May have been related to the Catalauni May have conquered and assimilated the Ancalites Bibroci Cassi part of the Iceni Cenimagni and the Segontiaci which were Brittonic or British tribes Insular Celts Regni Regnenses Belgic tribe in today s East Hampshire Sussex and Surrey Possible Belgae tribe Suessetani Far North Western Aragon and Far South Eastern Navarra Spain between the rivers Gallicus Gallego and Low Aragon and between the river Ebro and Sierra de Santo Domingo mountains Alba Arba river basin a tributary of the Ebro was in the centre of their territory that also included the Bardenas Reales Corbio was their capital They were north of the Celtiberians south of the Iacetani and the Vascones west of the Galli tribe They were later conquered by the Vascones in the 2nd Century B C which were allies of the Romans Could have been related to the Suessiones a tribe of the Belgae 38 Ligurians edit nbsp Map 21 Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC Ligurians are shown in the west coastal region north coast of the Ligurian Sea part of the Mediterranean Sea to the south of the Celts shown in blue and to the northwest of the Etruscans in the left side of the map map names are in French Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South east French and North west Italian coasts including far Northern and Northwestern Tuscany and Corsica Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture they were known already in antiquity as Celto Ligurians in Greek Keltoligyes Keltoligues 39 Very little is known about this language Ligurian mainly place names and personal names remain which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para Celtic 40 41 i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic They spoke ancient Ligurian Alpini Montani Apuani Eastern Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean coast Bagienni or Vagienni in the area of Bene Vagienna Bimbelli Briniates or Boactes in the area of Brugnato Celelates Cerdiciates Commoni Cosmonates Deciates a tribe that dwelt in the region of Antipolis Antibes west of the river Varus Var in modern Provence Epanterii Euburiates Friniates in the area now called Frignano Garuli in the area of Cenisola Genuates in the area of Genua Genoa Hercates Ilvates or Iluates if different from the Iriates on the island of Elba Iriates Ilvates Mainland Ilvates Iluates Ingauni Western Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains and Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean coast Intemelii Western Liguria from the Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean coast west of the Ingauni in the Albium Intemelium area today s Ventimiglia Laevi a Ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river Ticinus Ticino according to both Livy amp Pliny 42 According to Livy v 34 they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC Langates Lapicini or Lapicinii In the extreme northern regions of Liguria as it was defined in Roman times on a tributary of the Magra Libici Libui Between the rivers Duria Bautica Duria Maior Dora Baltea and Sesites Sessites Sesia Magelli Marici near the confluence of the rivers Orba Bormida and Tanaro Olivari Oxybii a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the Mediterranean coast between Massalia Marseille and Antipolis Sabates Segusini or Cottii Western Piedmont on Cottian Alps Susa Statielli Statiellates on the road from Vada Sabatia near Savona to Dertona Tortona and Placentia Sueltri Suelteri Tigulli from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean coast west of the Apuani Tricastini Vediantii Veiturii Veleiates Veliates Veneni Possible Ligurian tribes Corsi Belatones Belatoni Cervini Cilebenses Cilibensi Corsi Proper Cumanenses Cumanesi Lestricones Lestrigones Lestriconi Lestrigoni Licinini Longonenses Longonensi Macrini Opini Subasani Sumbri Tarabeni Tibulati Titiani Venacini Lusitanians Vettones edit nbsp Map 22 Celts in the Iberian Peninsula area dwelt by the Lusitani and Vettones is shown in lighter green colour Lusitanians Lusitani Bellitani Portugal south of the Douro and north of the Tagus and northwestern Extremadura Spain They spoke Lusitanian a now extinct language which was clearly Indo European but the kinship of it as a Celtic language is not surely proven although many tribal names and place names toponyms are Celtic Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic origin 36 or some kinship to the Nordwestblock culture language Ancient Belgian 36 Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para Celtic Indo European branch like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre Celtic Indo European speaking culture of the Iberian Peninsula closely related to the neighbouring Vettones tribal confederation 33 However under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto Celtic language and were Proto Celtic in ethnicity Arabrigenses Aravi Coelarni Colarni Interamnienses Lancienses Lancienses Oppidani Lancienses Transcudani Ocelenses Lancienses Meidubrigenses Paesuri Douro and Vouga Portugal Palanti Talures Tangi Elbocori Igaeditani Tapori Tapoli river Tagus around the border area of Portugal and Spain Veaminicori Other Lusitanian tribes According to some scholars these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones 33 Calontienses Caluri Coerenses Vettones Avila and Salamanca Spain may have been a Pre Celtic Indo European people closely related to the Lusitani If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para Celtic like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic A tribal confederation Bletonesii Bletisama today s Ledesma was their main centre Salamanca Province Spain Other Vettonian tribes According to some scholars these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones 33 Calontienses Caluri Coerenses Turdetanians edit nbsp Map 23 Hispania Baetica Roman province Turdetani were the inhabitants in large parts of this province before Roman conquest along the Baetis or Rherkes river plain Today s Western Andalusia Hispania Baetica Baetis Guadalquivir river valley and basin Marianus Mons Sierra Morena some consider them Celtic 43 may have been Pre Celtic Indo European people as the Lusitani and Vettones If their language called Turdetanian or Tartessian was not Celtic it may have been Para Celtic like Ligurian i e an Indo European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic Also may have been a non Indo European people related to the Iberians but not the same people A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power may have formed an early form of Kingdom or a Proto civilisation see Tartessos Cilbiceni approximately in today s Cadiz Province Elbisini Eloesti Olbisini in today s Huelva Province Etmanei in the middle area of Baetis Guadalquivir river course and surrounding region approximately in today s Cordoba Province Gletes Galetes Ileates in Marianus Mons Sierra Morena approximately in today s northern areas of the provinces of Huelva Seville and Cordoba Turdetani Tartessii Proper in the low course of the river Baetis which they called Rherkes or Kertis 44 Guadalquivir and surrounding region approximately in today s Seville Province Veneti Adriatic Veneti edit Transitional people between Celts and Italics Celticized Italic people Para Celtic people Catali Catari Histri Liburnians Caulici Enchealae Hymanes Hythmitae Ismeni Lopsi Mentores Peucetiae Syopii Secusses Subocrini Veneti Proper VenetulaniPossible Celts mixed with other peoples editCelto Dacian Germanic edit Osi Osii areas of modern Slovakia 45 Celto Germanic edit Germani Cisrhenani Tungri etymologies of the tribes names were Celtic Belgic people Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic Celts influenced by Germanics or the opposite The name Germani for ancient authors such as Julius Caesar did not always had an accurate ethnic or linguistic meaning they were not necessarily Germanic speaking a collective name for 7 tribes Aduatuci Atuatuci Ambivaretes Ambivareti Caemani Paemani Caeraesi Caeroesi Caerosi Condrusi Eburones later Toxandri Texuandri Segni Lugii north and northeast of the Boii and Volcae areas of modern far southwestern and far southern Poland also may have been a Germanic tribe Tencteri name etymology is Celtic Usipetes Celtic Germanic Iranian edit Bastarnae 46 47 a Celto Germanic people and according to Livy the bravest nation on earth Possibly originating in Galicia Eastern Europe from the interaction between Celts Germanics and Sarmatian Iranian peoples Peucini Celto Illyrians edit Iapydes Iapodes Japodes 48 49 Posenoi 50 a community of the Iapodes Ibero Celto Ligurians edit Elisyces Helisyces a tribe that dwelt in the region of Narbo Narbonne and modern northern Roussillon May have been either Iberian or Ligurian or a Celto Ligurian Iberian tribe Non Celtic people heavily Celticized editRhaetians edit nbsp Map 22 Roman district probably not yet a full province by then of Raetia et Vindelicia as it stood in AD 14 with some Rhaeti tribal names Breuni Camunni Isarci Vennones or Vennonetes Venostes They lived in Central Alps eastern parts of present day Switzerland the Tyrol in Austria and the Alpine regions of northern Italy They spoke the Rhaetian language There is evidence that the non Celtic and Pre Indo European elements see Tyrsenian languages had by the time of Augustus been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech 51 In addition the abundance of Celtic toponyms and the complete absence of Etruscan place names in the Rhaetian territory leads to the conclusion that by the time of Roman conquest the Rhaetians were completely Celticized 52 better source needed Benlauni Upper valley of fl Aenus r Inn in today s North Tirol Austria along with the Breuni may have been older dwellers than the Breuni not the same as the Breuni Pons Aeni modern Wasserburg was their main centre Breuni Brenni Breones Upper valley of fl Aenus r Inn in today s North Tirol Austria and Val Bregna and around Brenner Mountain also may have been an Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian one Brixenetes Brixentes Brixantae Upper valley of fl Athesis r Adige in today s South Tirol Italy around Bressanone Brixen Calucones Culicones Calanda upper valley of fl Rhenus r Rhine in today s Grisons canton Switzerland and Valtellina Colico Camunni Camuni Val Camonica river Oglio in today s Brescia Province Lombardia Italy also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe Camunni in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps A celticized Rhaetic tribe Some consider them to be Celtic 53 Consuanetae Cosuanetes Cotuantii Upper and middle valley of fl Isarus r Isar Bavarian Alps in today s Upper Bavaria Germany also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici a tribal confederacy named Cotuantii if they are the same Focunates Upper valley of fl Aenus r Inn in today s North Tirol Austria neighbours to Genaunes and Breuni Genaunes Genauni Upper valleys of the fl Aenus r Inn and the Athesis Adige in today s Tirol North Tirol and South Tirol also may have been an Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian one east of the Lepontii Isarci Valley of fl Isarcus r Isarco in today s South Tirol Italy Medoaci close to the Meduacum Brenta source Ausugum Borgo Valsugana was their main town Mesiales south of the Lepontii Naunes in Val di Non Trento Province Querquani in Quero area today s Belluno Province Veneto Region Rucinates Rucantii Between rivers Isarus Isar and Danuvius Danube Low Bavaria also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici a tribal confederation Rugusci Ruigusci Rucantii Upper Engadin fl Aenus r Inn in today s Grisons canton Switzerland Suanetes Suanitae Sarunetes Upper Rhenus Upper Rhine and Valley of r Albula in today s Grisons canton Switzerland Tridentini in the middle Athesis Adige river basin Trumpilini Trumplini Val Trompia in today s Brescia Province Italy also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe Vennonetes Vennones Vennonienses Upper valley of fl Rhenus r Rhine in today s canton of St Gallen Switzerland also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the Vindelici a tribal confederation Venostes Vinschgau It Val Venosta fl Athesis r Adige in today s South Tirol Italy See also editThe summary table on Celtic tribes in French Celtic peoples Irish clans Scottish clan Celticization Late Basquisation Illyrians Thracians Britannia Caledonia Hibernia Scotia Hispania List of Germanic peoples Iberia Pre Roman peoples of the Iberian PeninsulaNotes edit a b Collis John 2003 The Celts Origins Myths and Inventions Stroud Tempus Publishing p 180 ISBN 978 0 7524 2913 7 a b Mallory J P Douglas Q Adams 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture London Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers ISBN 978 1 884964 98 5 a b Ioana A Oltean Dacia Landscape Colonization and Romanization ISBN 0 415 41252 8 2007 p 47 Andrea Faber Korpergraber des 1 3 Jahrhunderts in der romischen Welt internationales Kolloquium Frankfurt am Main 19 20 November 2004 ISBN 3 88270 501 9 p 144 Geza Alfoldy Noricum Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire 1974 p 69 a b c Koch John T 2006 Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia illustrated ed Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 224 225 ISBN 1 85109 440 7 a b c Titus Livius Livy The History of Rome Book 5 chapter 34 www perseus tufts edu Retrieved 2018 02 12 A Mocsy and S Frere Pannonia and Upper Moesia A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire p 14 Pannonia A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire p 14 Frank W Walbank Polybius Rome and the Hellenistic World Essays and Reflections ISBN 0 521 81208 9 2002 p 116 in A7P 60 1939 452 8 is not Antigonus Doson but barbarians from the mainland either Thracians or Gauls from Tylis cf Rostovizef and Welles 1940 207 8 Rostovizef 1941 111 1645 nor has that inscription anything to do with the Cavan expedition On Velika Dautova Rusevljan and Miroslav Vujovic Rimska vojska u Sremu 2006 p 131 extended as far as Ruma whence continued the territory of another community named after the Celtic tribe of Cornacates Ion Grumeza Dacia Land of Transylvania Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe ISBN 0 7618 4465 1 2009 p 51 In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati Boii Eravisci Pannoni Scordisci John T Koch Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia ISBN 1 85109 440 7 2006 p 907 a b J J Wilkes The Illyrians 1992 ISBN 0 631 19807 5 p 81 In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of J J Wilkes The Illyrians 1992 ISBN 0 631 19807 5 p 140 Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until as Strabo remarks they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century a b J J Wilkes The Illyrians 1992 ISBN 0 631 19807 5 p 217 Population and economy of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia 2002 ISBN 1 84171 440 2 p 24 the Dindari were a branch of the Scordisci John Boardman I E S Edwards E Sollberger and N G L Hammond The Cambridge Ancient History Vol 3 Part 2 The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC ISBN 0 521 22717 8 1992 p 600 In the place of the vanished Treres and Tilataei we find the Serdi for whom there is no evidence before the first century BC It has for long been supposed on convincing linguistic and archeological grounds that this tribe was of Celtic origin Dio Cassius Earnest Cary and Herbert B Foster Dio Cassius Roman History Vol IX Books 71 80 Loeb Classical Library No 177 1927 Index 9 337 353 Seras philosopher condemned to death 8 361 Serdi Thracian tribe defeated by M Crassus 6 73 Seretium Dubravka Balen Letunic 40 godina arheoloskih istrazivanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj 1986 p 52 and the Celtic Serretes Alan Bowman Edward Champlin and Andrew Lintott The Cambridge Ancient History Vol 10 The Augustan Empire 43 BC AD 69 1996 p 580 580 I3h DANUBIAN AND BALKAN PROVINCES Tricornenses of Tricornium Ritopek replaced the Celegeri the Picensii of Pincum William M Ramsay Historical Commentary on Galatians 1997 p 302 these adaptable Celts were Hellenized early The term Gallograecia compared with Themistius p 360 Galatia Roger D Woodard The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor 2008 p 72 The Phrygian elite like the Galatian was quickly Hellenized linguistically the Phrygian tongue was devalued and found refuge only a b c d e f g h i j Prifysgol Cymru University of Wales A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia Celtic Names and La Tene Material in Anatolia the Eastern Balkans and the Pontic Steppes a b Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres quarum unam incolunt Belgae aliam Aquitani tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae nostra Galli appellantur Julius Caesar Commentarii de Bello Gallico Book I chapter 1 Plutarch Marcellus chapters 6 7 1 von Hefner Joseph 1837 Geographie des Transalpinischen Galliens Munich Venceslas Kruta La grande storia dei celti La nascita l affermazione e la decadenza Newton amp Compton 2003 ISBN 88 8289 851 2 ISBN 978 88 8289 851 9 Long George 1866 Decline of the Roman republic Volume 2 London a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Snith William George 1854 Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography Vol 1 Boston a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Titus Livius Ab Urbe Condita p 5 34 Aguna Julian Hurtado 2003 Las gentilidades presentes en los testimonios epigraficos procedentes de la Meseta meridional Boletin del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueologia Bsaa 69 185 206 a b c d e Jorge de Alarcao Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos e outros mundos in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia vol IV n 2 2001 p 312 e segs Ptolemy Geographia II 5 6 The Encyclopedia of Ireland B Lalor and F McCourt editors c 2003 New Haven Yale University Press p 1089 ISBN 0 300 09442 6 noting that Ulaidh was the original tribal designation of the Uluti who are identifiable as the Voluntii of the Ptolomey map and who occupied at start all of the historic province of Ulster a b c d Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana Salamanca Universidad 2000 Koch John T 2006 Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia illustrated ed Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 198 200 ISBN 1 85109 440 7 a b Mountain Harry 1997 The Celtic Encyclopedia p 225 ISBN 1 58112 890 8 v 1 Baldi Philip 2002 The Foundations of Latin Walter de Gruyter p 112 ISBN 978 3 11 080711 0 Kruta Venceslas ed 1991 The Celts Thames and Hudson p 54 ISBN 978 0500015247 Kruta Venceslas ed 1991 The Celts Thames and Hudson p 55 ISBN 978 0500015247 Liv v 35 Plin iii 17 s 21 Koch John T 2006 Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia illustrated ed Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 198 200 ISBN 1 85109 440 7 ISBN 978 1 85109 440 0 Jump up to a b Koch John T 2006 Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia illustrated ed Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 224 225 ISBN 1 85109 440 7 ISBN 978 1 85109 440 0 Smith William Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography 1854 BAETIS Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Perseus Digital Library a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help The Osi s categorization as Celtic is disputed see Osi also may have been a Dacian or Germanic tribe Adrian Goldsworthy How Rome Fell Death of a Superpower ISBN 0 300 13719 2 2009 p 105 who had moved to the Hungarian Plain Another tribe the Bastarnae may or may not have been Germanic Christopher Webber and Angus McBride The Thracians 700 BC AD 46 Men at Arms ISBN 1 84176 329 2 2001 p 12 never got near the main body of Roman infantry The Bastarnae either Celts or Germans and the bravest nation on earth Livy Charles Anthon A Classical Dictionary Containing The Principal Proper Names Mentioned In Ancient Authors Part One 2005 p 539 Tor elevated a mountain Strabo 293 the Iapodes Strabo 313 a Gallo Illyrian race occupying the valleys of J J Wilkes The Illyrians 1992 ISBN 0 631 19807 5 p 79 along with the evidence of name formulae a Venetic element among the Japodes A group of names identified by Alfoldy as of Celtic origin Ammida Andes Iaritus Matera Maxa J J Wilkes Dalmatia Tome 2 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire 1969 pp 154 and 482 Geza Alfoldy Noricum Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire 1974 p 24 5 Cowles Prichard James 1841 Researches Into the Physical History of Mankind 3 Volume 1 Sherwood Gilbert and Piper p 240 Markey Thomas 2008 Shared Symbolics Genre Diffusion Token Perception and Late Literacy in North Western Europe NOWELE References editAlberro Manuel and Arnold Bettina eds e Keltoi Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Center for Celtic Studies 2005 Haywood John 2001 Atlas of the Celtic World London Thames amp Hudson ISBN 0500051097 ISBN 978 0500051092 Kruta Venceslas 2000 Les Celtes Histoire et Dictionnaire Paris Editions Robert Laffont coll Bouquins ISBN 2 7028 6261 6 Mallory J P and Douglas Q Adams 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture London Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers ISBN 978 1 884964 98 5 Further reading editSims Williams Patrick The location of the Celts according to Hecataeus Herodotus and other Greek writers In Etudes Celtiques vol 42 2016 pp 7 32 DOI https doi org 10 3406 ecelt 2016 2467 www persee fr doc ecelt 0373 1928 2016 num 42 1 2467 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes https dc uwm edu ekeltoi electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman home html 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity Greek and Roman http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Caesar Gallic War home html Julius Caesar text of De Bello Gallico Gallic War http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Caesar Spanish War home html Unknown author text about Julius Caesar in Hispania of De Bello Hispaniensi Spanish War http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Pliny the Elder home html Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia Natural History books 3 6 Geography and Ethnography http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Strabo home html Strabo s text of De Geographica The Geography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes amp oldid 1219541837, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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