Tolistobogii (in other sources Tolistobogioi, Tolistobōgioi, Tolistoboioi, Tolistobioi, Toligistobogioi or Tolistoagioi) is the name used by the Roman historian, Livy, for one of the three ancient Gallic tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Trocmi and Tectosages. The tribe entered Anatolia in 279 BC as a contingent of Celtic raiders from the Danube region, and settled in those regions of Phrygia which would later become part of the Roman province of Galatia. The Galatians retained their Celtic language through the 4th century AD, when Saint Jerome mentions that the Galatians still spoke a Celtic language in his times.[1]
3rd century AD Sol Invictus disk from Pessinus, then capital city of the Tolistobogii.
The name is believed to be a karmadhāraya compound of two Proto-Celtic roots: the first, *tolisto-, is of uncertain meaning, but perhaps related to Old Irishtol "will, desire";[2]Ludwig Rübekeil conjectures it to be an adjectival derivation from a Celtic root *tel- in an archaic and not well-attested formation of the superlative, and tentatively translates the name as "the most enduring, hardest".[3] A non-Celtic origin for the root *tolisto- is also possible.[4] The second root, *bogio-, means "beat, pound" and is a common element in Celtic personal names (cf. Gaulish Andecombogius, Combogiomārus, Namantobogius, Uercombogius; also Old Irish bong "batter" and Welsh-abwy [<Proto-Celtic *adbogio-] in names such as Rhonabwy and Iunabwy).[5]
Geographyedit
The Tolistobogii for the greater part of their centuries-long stay in Galatia were located in what is now Eskişehir Province just to the west of Ankara.
Historyedit
The Tolistobogii first appear as troops in the army of Brennus on its way to plunder Delphi in Greece in 279 BC. In Dardania, it is said, some 20,000 men under Leonorius and Lutarius in these three tribes seceded from Brennus and entered Thrace, where they collected tribute from the region, including Byzantium. Subsequently, they crossed the Hellespont to fight as mercenaries for Nicomedes I of Bithynia and then left Bithynia to plunder Anatolia. The Tolistobogii received Aeolia and Ionia as territory. According to Plutach, the historian Polybius met and talked with Chiomara, wife of Ortagion, chieftain of the Tolistobogii who united them into a powerful state against Rome in 189 BC. Chiomara was captured and raped by a centurion who, when he found out her seniority, demanded a ransom from Ortagion. Whilst the ransom was being delivered, Chiomara had the centurion decapitated and took his head to her husband.[6]
Referencesedit
^Hieronymos: Commentarius in Epistulam ad Galatas 2,3
^Xavier Delamarre: Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Editions Errance, Paris 2003, p. 298.
^Falileyev, Alexander, ed. (2007). (PDF). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names. Aberystwyth University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
^Xavier Delamarre: Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Editions Errance, Paris 2003, pp. 81 f.
^Peter Berresford Ellis. The Druids. Robinson, London 1994.
February 16, 2024
tolistobogii, other, sources, tolistobogioi, tolistobōgioi, tolistoboioi, tolistobioi, toligistobogioi, tolistoagioi, name, used, roman, historian, livy, three, ancient, gallic, tribes, galatia, central, asia, minor, together, with, trocmi, tectosages, tribe, . Tolistobogii in other sources Tolistobogioi Tolistobōgioi Tolistoboioi Tolistobioi Toligistobogioi or Tolistoagioi is the name used by the Roman historian Livy for one of the three ancient Gallic tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor together with the Trocmi and Tectosages The tribe entered Anatolia in 279 BC as a contingent of Celtic raiders from the Danube region and settled in those regions of Phrygia which would later become part of the Roman province of Galatia The Galatians retained their Celtic language through the 4th century AD when Saint Jerome mentions that the Galatians still spoke a Celtic language in his times 1 3rd century AD Sol Invictus disk from Pessinus then capital city of the Tolistobogii Contents 1 Etymology and identity 2 Geography 3 History 4 ReferencesEtymology and identity editThe name is believed to be a karmadharaya compound of two Proto Celtic roots the first tolisto is of uncertain meaning but perhaps related to Old Irish tol will desire 2 Ludwig Rubekeil conjectures it to be an adjectival derivation from a Celtic root tel in an archaic and not well attested formation of the superlative and tentatively translates the name as the most enduring hardest 3 A non Celtic origin for the root tolisto is also possible 4 The second root bogio means beat pound and is a common element in Celtic personal names cf Gaulish Andecombogius Combogiomarus Namantobogius Uercombogius also Old Irish bong batter and Welsh abwy lt Proto Celtic adbogio in names such as Rhonabwy and Iunabwy 5 Geography editThe Tolistobogii for the greater part of their centuries long stay in Galatia were located in what is now Eskisehir Province just to the west of Ankara History editThe Tolistobogii first appear as troops in the army of Brennus on its way to plunder Delphi in Greece in 279 BC In Dardania it is said some 20 000 men under Leonorius and Lutarius in these three tribes seceded from Brennus and entered Thrace where they collected tribute from the region including Byzantium Subsequently they crossed the Hellespont to fight as mercenaries for Nicomedes I of Bithynia and then left Bithynia to plunder Anatolia The Tolistobogii received Aeolia and Ionia as territory According to Plutach the historian Polybius met and talked with Chiomara wife of Ortagion chieftain of the Tolistobogii who united them into a powerful state against Rome in 189 BC Chiomara was captured and raped by a centurion who when he found out her seniority demanded a ransom from Ortagion Whilst the ransom was being delivered Chiomara had the centurion decapitated and took his head to her husband 6 References edit Hieronymos Commentarius in Epistulam ad Galatas 2 3 Xavier Delamarre Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise Editions Errance Paris 2003 p 298 Ludwig Rubekeil Diachrone Studien zur Kontaktzone zwischen Kelten und Germanen Wien 2002 ISBN 3 7001 3124 0 pp 96 ff Falileyev Alexander ed 2007 Tolistobogioi PDF Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place Names Aberystwyth University Archived from the original PDF on 31 July 2009 Retrieved 9 May 2009 Xavier Delamarre Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise Editions Errance Paris 2003 pp 81 f Peter Berresford Ellis The Druids Robinson London 1994 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tolistobogii amp oldid 1195697357, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
