Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich or NÖ; Austro-Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, Niedaestareich) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt Pölten, replacing Vienna which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.685 million people, Lower Austria is the second-most populous state in Austria (after Vienna). Other large cities are Amstetten, Klosterneuburg, Krems an der Donau, Stockerau and Wiener Neustadt.[2]
With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) situated east of Upper Austria, Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the Enns River which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, 414 km (257 mi) long, with the Czech Republic (South Bohemia and South Moravia Regions) and Slovakia (Bratislava and Trnava Regions). The state has the second longest external border of all Austrian states. It also borders the other Austrian states of Upper Austria, Styria and Burgenland as well as surrounding Vienna.
Lower Austria is divided into four regions, known as Viertel (quarters):
These regions have different geographical structures. Whilst the Mostviertel is dominated by the foothills of the Limestone Alps with mountains up to 2,000 m (AA) high, most of the Waldviertel is a granite plateau. The hilly Weinviertel lies to the northeast, descends to the plains of Marchfeld in the east of the state, and is separated by the Danube from the Vienna Basin to the south, which in turn is separated from the Vienna Woods by a line of thermal springs (the Thermenlinie) running north to south.[3]
Almost all of Lower Austria is drained by the Danube. The only river that flows into the North Sea (via the Moldau and the Elbe) is the Lainsitz in northern Waldviertel, the Erlauf river.
Lower Austria is rich in natural caves; in all 4,082 have been recorded. Most of the caves have formed in limestone and dolomite rocks and are therefore called karst caves. Cavities also form in the marble of the Central Alps and the Bohemian Massif. Among the largest caves in Lower Austria are:
Ötscherhöhlensystem (Ötscher): 27,003 m long; union of the Taubenloch and Geldloch
The last two are open as show caves, along with the Allander stalactite cave, the Unicorn Cave, the Hochkarschacht, the Nixhöhle and the Ötschertropfsteinhöhle.
The history of Lower Austria is very similar to the history of Austria. Many castles are located in Lower Austria. Klosterneuburg Abbey, located here, is one of the oldest abbeys in Austria. Before World War II, Lower Austria had the largest number of Jews in the country.
The names Lower Austria and Upper Austria are derived from the earlier names Austria below the Enns and Austria above the Enns, references to the river Enns. Going down from its source on the northern edge of the Central Eastern Alps, the river crosses Upper Austria, then on its lower reaches forms the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria.[4]
In the mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality below the Enns River (Fürstentum unter der Enns).
Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was € 61.0 billion in 2018, accounting for 15.8% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was € 32,300, or 107% of the EU27 average in the same year. Lower Austria is the state with the second-lowest GDP per capita in Austria.[5]
Administratively, the state is divided into 20 districts (Bezirke), and four independent towns (Statutarstädte). In total, there are 573 municipalities within Lower Austria.[6]
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Lower Austria German Niederosterreich or NO Austro Bavarian Niedaostareich Niedaestareich is one of the nine states of Austria located in the northeastern corner of the country Since 1986 the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt Polten replacing Vienna which became a separate state in 1921 With a land area of 19 186 km2 7 408 sq mi and a population of 1 685 million people Lower Austria is the second most populous state in Austria after Vienna Other large cities are Amstetten Klosterneuburg Krems an der Donau Stockerau and Wiener Neustadt 2 Lower Austria NiederosterreichStateFlagCoat of armsAnthem Niederosterreiche Landeshymne source source Country AustriaCapitalSankt PoltenGovernment BodyLandtag of Lower Austria GovernorJohanna Mikl Leitner OVP Deputy GovernorsStephan Pernkopf OVP Franz Schnabl SPO Area Total19 186 km2 7 408 sq mi Population 1 January 2022 Total1 698 796 Density89 km2 230 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST ISO 3166 codeAT 3HDI 2019 0 887 1 very high 8th of 9NUTS RegionAT1Votes in Bundesrat12 of 62 Websitenoe gv at Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Mountains 1 2 Alpine passes 1 3 Rivers 1 4 Lakes 1 5 Caves 1 6 Land use 2 History 3 Economy 4 Demographics 5 Administrative divisions 5 1 Independent towns 5 2 Districts 6 References 7 External linksGeography EditWith a land area of 19 186 km2 7 408 sq mi situated east of Upper Austria Lower Austria is the country s largest state Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the Enns River which flows from the west to the east Lower Austria has an international border 414 km 257 mi long with the Czech Republic South Bohemia and South Moravia Regions and Slovakia Bratislava and Trnava Regions The state has the second longest external border of all Austrian states It also borders the other Austrian states of Upper Austria Styria and Burgenland as well as surrounding Vienna Lower Austria is divided into four regions known as Viertel quarters Weinviertel or Tertiary Lowland below the Manhartsberg Waldviertel or Bohemian Plateau above the Manhartsberg Mostviertel above the Vienna Woods Industrieviertel below the Vienna Woods These regions have different geographical structures Whilst the Mostviertel is dominated by the foothills of the Limestone Alps with mountains up to 2 000 m AA high most of the Waldviertel is a granite plateau The hilly Weinviertel lies to the northeast descends to the plains of Marchfeld in the east of the state and is separated by the Danube from the Vienna Basin to the south which in turn is separated from the Vienna Woods by a line of thermal springs the Thermenlinie running north to south 3 Mountains Edit Schneeberg Klosterwappen 2 076 m Rax Scheibwaldhohe 1 943 m highest summit Heukuppe 2 007 m Styria Otscher 1 893 m Durrenstein 1 878 m Schneealpe Ameisbuhel 1 828 m highest summit Windberg 1 903 m Styria Hochkar 1 808 m Gamsstein 1 774 m Stumpfmauer 1 770 m Goller 1 766 m Hochwechsel 1 743 m Gippel 1 669 m Grosser Sonnleitstein 1 639 m Grosser Zellerhut 1 639 m Gemeindealpe 1 626 m Scheiblingstein 1 622 m not to be confused with Scheiblingstein 2 197 m which is in Styria Drahtekogel 1 565 m Sonnwendstein 1 523 m Obersberg 1 467 m Konigsberg 1 452 m Grosser Sulzberg 1 400 m Reisalpe 1 399 m Gahns 1 380 m Tirolerkogel 1 377 m Turnitzer Hoger 1 372 m Unterberg 1 342 m Traisenberg 1 230 m Durre Wand 1 222 m Hohenstein 1 195 m Eisenstein 1 185 m Hohe Wand 1 132 m Grosser Peilstein 1 061 m Weinsberg 1 041 m Hocheck 1 036 m Nebelstein 1 017 m Eibl 1 007 m Hohe Mandling 967 m Jauerling 961 m Hoher Lindkogel also named Eisernes Tor 834m Anninger 675 m Buschberg 491 m Other mountains in Lower Austria may be found at Category Mountains of Lower Austria Alpine passes Edit Semmering 985 m Wechsel 980 m The state border with Styria runs over both passes Rivers Edit Kamp river below the Rosenburg March river with riparian forest Almost all of Lower Austria is drained by the Danube The only river that flows into the North Sea via the Moldau and the Elbe is the Lainsitz in northern Waldviertel the Erlauf river The most important rivers north of the Danube on its left bank are the Ysper Kamp Krems Lainsitz March and Thaya South of the Danube on its right bank are the Enns Ybbs Erlauf Melk Pielach Traisen Schwechat Fischa Schwarza Triesting Pitten and the Leitha Lakes Edit Ottenstein Reservoir 4 3 km2 Lunzer See 0 69 km2 Erlaufsee 0 56 km2 of which about half lies in Lower Austria Erlauf Reservoir Wienerwaldsee 0 32 km2 Caves Edit Further information List of caves in Austria Lower Austria is rich in natural caves in all 4 082 have been recorded Most of the caves have formed in limestone and dolomite rocks and are therefore called karst caves Cavities also form in the marble of the Central Alps and the Bohemian Massif Among the largest caves in Lower Austria are Otscherhohlensystem Otscher 27 003 m long union of the Taubenloch and Geldloch Pfannloch Otscher 5 287 m long Lechnerweidhohle Durrenstein 5 252 m long Trockenes Loch Schwarzenbach an der Pielach 4 510 m long Hermannshohle Kirchberg am Wechsel 4 430 m long Eisensteinhohle Bad Fischau 2 341 m longThe last two are open as show caves along with the Allander stalactite cave the Unicorn Cave the Hochkarschacht the Nixhohle and the Otschertropfsteinhohle Land use Edit Type of land use Area in km2 Percent oftotal areaFarmland 7 000 42Woods 6 711 40Grassland 1 750 11Alpine pastures 300 1 7Vineyards 315 1 9History EditMain article History of Austria The history of Lower Austria is very similar to the history of Austria Many castles are located in Lower Austria Klosterneuburg Abbey located here is one of the oldest abbeys in Austria Before World War II Lower Austria had the largest number of Jews in the country The names Lower Austria and Upper Austria are derived from the earlier names Austria below the Enns and Austria above the Enns references to the river Enns Going down from its source on the northern edge of the Central Eastern Alps the river crosses Upper Austria then on its lower reaches forms the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria 4 In the mid 13th century it became known as the Principality below the Enns River Furstentum unter der Enns Economy EditThe gross domestic product GDP of the state was 61 0 billion in 2018 accounting for 15 8 of Austria s economic output GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 32 300 or 107 of the EU27 average in the same year Lower Austria is the state with the second lowest GDP per capita in Austria 5 Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 18691 077 232 18801 152 767 7 0 18901 213 471 5 3 19001 310 506 8 0 19101 425 238 8 8 19231 426 885 0 1 19341 446 675 1 4 19391 455 373 0 6 19511 400 471 3 8 19611 374 012 1 9 YearPop 19711 420 816 3 4 19811 426 370 0 4 19901 455 968 2 1 19951 518 489 4 3 20001 535 083 1 1 20051 568 949 2 2 20101 605 897 2 4 20151 636 287 1 9 20201 684 623 3 0 Administrative divisions Edit View of Krems left at the end of Wachau valley Danube river in the center Lower Austria is divided into four regions Waldviertel Mostviertel Industrieviertel and Weinviertel The Wachau valley situated between Melk and Krems in the Mostviertel region is famous for its landscape culture and wine Administratively the state is divided into 20 districts Bezirke and four independent towns Statutarstadte In total there are 573 municipalities within Lower Austria 6 Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters Waldviertel in green Weinviertel in red Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue Independent towns Edit Krems an der Donau Sankt Polten Waidhofen an der Ybbs Wiener NeustadtDistricts Edit Amstetten Baden Bruck an der Leitha Ganserndorf Gmund Hollabrunn Horn Korneuburg Krems Land Lilienfeld Melk Mistelbach Modling Neunkirchen Sankt Polten Land Scheibbs Tulln an der Donau Waidhofen an der Thaya Wiener Neustadt Land ZwettlReferences Edit Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 2018 09 13 About the State Parliament of Lower Austria NO Landtag noe landtag gv at in Austrian German Retrieved 2020 01 14 Visitor Information www lower austria info Retrieved 2020 01 14 History of Lower Austria NO Landtag noe landtag gv at in Austrian German Retrieved 2020 01 14 Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30 to 263 of the EU average in 2018 Eurostat Lower Austria in Numbers PDF External links Edit Media related to Lower Austria at Wikimedia Commons Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Austria Lower Country of Lower Austria official webpage Lower Austria official visitor information webpage PhotoGlobe georeferenced photos of Lower Austria Coordinates 48 20 N 15 45 E 48 333 N 15 750 E 48 333 15 750 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lower Austria amp oldid 1141362343, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
