Styria
Styria (German: Steiermark [ˈʃtaɪɐˌmaʁk] ⓘ; Serbian, Croatian and Slovene: Štajerska; Hungarian: Stájerország; Czech: Štýrsko; Slovak: Štajersko) is an Austrian state in southeastern Austria. With an area of 16,401 km2 (6,332 sq mi), Styria is the second largest province of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and clockwise, from the southwest, by the Austrian provinces Carinthia, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Burgenland. The state's capital is Graz.
Styria | |
|---|---|
Flag | |
| Anthem: Steirische Landeshymne | |
| Coordinates: 47°15′N 15°10′E / 47.250°N 15.167°E | |
| Country | Austria |
| Capital | Graz |
| Government | |
| • Body | Landtag of Styria |
| • Governor | Christopher Drexler (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 16,401.04 km2 (6,332.48 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2022) | |
| • Total | 1,252,922 |
| • Density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | €51.596 billion (2021) |
| • Per capita | €41,300 (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | AT-6 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.919[2] very high · 4th of 9 |
| NUTS Region | AT2 |
| Votes in Bundesrat | 9 (of 62) |
| Website | Provincial government of Styria |
Etymology edit
The March of Styria derived its name from the original seat of its ruling Otakar dynasty: Steyr, in today's Upper Austria. In German, the area is still called "Steiermark" while in English the Latin name "Styria" is used. The ancient link between Steyr and Styria is also apparent in their nearly identical coats of arms, a white Panther on a green background.
Geography edit
- The term "Upper Styria" (German: Obersteiermark) refers to the northern and northwestern parts of the province (districts Liezen, Murau, Murtal, Leoben, Bruck-Mürzzuschlag).
- The term "Western Styria" (Weststeiermark) is used for the districts west of Graz (Voitsberg, Deutschlandsberg, western part of the district Leibnitz). Because of the similar landscape with hills, valleys, wine and culture, the region in western Styria is also called "Styrian Tuscany".[3]
- The districts east of Graz (Weiz, Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, and Südoststeiermark) are referred to as "Eastern Styria" (Oststeiermark).
The western and eastern parts of the district Graz-Umgebung (literally, surroundings of Graz) may or may not be considered parts of West and East Styria, respectively. The southern parts of the Duchy of Styria, which formed part of former Yugoslavia and later Slovenia (with the exception of World War II), were (and sometimes colloquially still are) referred to as "Lower Styria" (Untersteiermark; Slovene: Štajerska).
History edit
Styria was inhabited by Celtic tribes. After its conquest by the Romans, the eastern part of what is now Styria was part of Pannonia, while the western one was included in Noricum. During the Barbarian invasions, it was conquered or crossed by the Visigoths, the Huns, the Ostrogoths, the Rugii, and the Lombards. Slavs under the domination of the Avars settled in the valleys around 600. At the same time, Bavarians under Frankish domination began to expand their area to the south and east, ultimately absorbing the Slavic population.
In 1180, Styria separated from the Duchy of Carinthia and became a Duchy of its own; in 1192 the Austrian Duke Leopold V also became Duke of Styria. Later, Styria formed the central part of Inner Austria.
Styria developed culturally and economically under Archduke John of Austria between 1809 and 1859.
In 1918, after World War I, it was divided into a northern section (forming what is the current Austrian province), and a southern one, called Lower Styria, now inhabited by Slovenians, and which was annexed to Yugoslavia, and later became part of Slovenia. As a result of the turbulence of two world wars, the German-speaking population of Lower Styria, which had been concentrated in the cities, migrated out of the region or was expelled.
Economy edit
The province's gross domestic product (GDP) was 49.6 billion € in 2018, accounting for 12.9% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 35,400 € or 118% of the EU27 average in the same year.[4]
There has been a shift from the manufacturing sector towards the service sector in Styria. This has had negative consequences for the industrial regions of upper Styria, which have suffered a steady decline in population in recent years.
In 2004, Styria had the strongest economic growth rate in Austria at 3.8%—mainly due to the Graz area, which saw strong economic growth that year and has continued to grow in economic and population terms since then.
Styria is home to more than 150 clean technology companies of which one dozen are world technology leaders in their field. The revenue of Styrian cleantech companies totals €2.7 billion. This equals 8 percent of the gross regional product (GRP) and is one of the highest concentrations of leading clean technology companies in Europe. The companies have an average (real) growth rate of 22 percent per year—well above the worldwide cleantech market growth of 18 percent per year. The region created roughly 2,000 additional green jobs in 2008 alone.[5]
The Formula One Austrian Grand Prix has been held in the region, first at the Zeltweg Airfield in 1964 and then at the Osterreichring from 1970 to 1987. The sport returned to the circuit, now redesigned and rebranded as the A1-Ring, from 1997 to 2003. Formula One once again returned to the circuit, now renamed the Red Bull Ring, in 2014 and has been held at the track every year since. The COVID-19 pandemic saw the 2020 Formula One calendar massively revised, resulting in the Red Bull Ring becoming the first circuit to host consecutive Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, with the first round running under the Austrian Grand Prix name and the second held as the Styrian Grand Prix. This continued in 2021.[6]
Administrative divisions edit
The province is divided into 13 districts (Bezirke), one of them a statutory city. There are 286 municipalities.
Statutory city edit
Districts edit
- Bruck-Mürzzuschlag
- Deutschlandsberg
- Graz-Umgebung
- Hartberg-Fürstenfeld
- Leibnitz
- Leoben
- Liezen (with the subdistrict Gröbming)
- Murau
- Murtal
- Südoststeiermark
- Voitsberg
- Weiz
Demographics edit
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics edit
The province had been a stronghold of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) since 1945. Graz is markedly more left-wing than the rural districts of the province.
The governor (Austrian political term: Landeshauptmann) of Styria has typically been a ÖVP candidate.
In the 2021 municipal election in Graz, the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) surprisingly took over first place from the ÖVP, thus pushing long-time mayor Siegfried Nagl (ÖVP) out of office. The result was noted internationally. Elke Kahr led the KPÖ for a third time in the 2021 Graz local election. Despite opinion polling suggesting a victory for the ruling ÖVP, the KPÖ became the largest party with 28.8% of votes and 15 seats. After the election, the KPÖ entered into coalition talks with The Greens – The Green Alternative and the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ).[7] On November 13, 2021, the KPÖ, the Greens and the SPÖ announced their coalition: Graz gets a communist mayor with Elke Kahr.
Recent elections edit
In the 2005 elections for the provincial parliament the SPÖ under their regional chairman Franz Voves won the majority after the ÖVP had damaged its credibility through scandals and the secession of a high-ranking party member, who took part in the 2005 elections after setting up his own party. In these elections, the KPÖ also received many votes after it had gained much popularity through its role in local politics in Graz during the preceding years. The two right-wing populist parties, the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ), failed to win seats.
In subsequent elections in 2010 and 2015, the SPÖ, the ÖVP, and the KPÖ each lost between one fourth and one third of their shares of the vote relative to 2005. The FPÖ grew from 4.6 percent to 26.8 percent.[8][9] The current government of Styria is a coalition of SPÖ and ÖVP. The governor, Christopher Drexler, is a representative of the People's Party. His deputy, Anton Lang, is a SPÖ member.
Notable people edit
- Palman (fl. 1310–1363), knight and mercenary commander of the Serbian Empire
- Johann Joseph Fux (1660–1741), composer and music theorist, wrote Gradus ad Parnassum – a composition manual used by Beethoven and Mozart
- Archduke John of Austria (1782–1859)
- Peter Rosegger (1843–1918), honoured poet
- Johann Puch (1862–1914), founded Johann Puch Erste Steiermärkische Fahrrad-Fabriks-Aktiengesellschaft at Graz in 1899.
- Robert Stolz (1880–1975), composer born in Graz
- Karl Böhm, (1894–1981), conductor
- Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (1909–1999), political scientist
- Bert Isatitsch (1911–1994), first president of the International Luge Federation
- Frank Stronach (b. 1932), founder of Magna International, billionaire
- Jochen Rindt (1942–1970), Formula 1 World Champion
- Dr. Helmut Marko (b. 1943), former racing driver
- Dietrich Mateschitz (1944–2022), founder and CEO of Red Bull, billionaire
- Klaus Maria Brandauer (b. 1944), actor and director
- Elfriede Jelinek (b. 1946), Nobel Prize in Literature winner
- Arnold Schwarzenegger (b. 1947), bodybuilder, film actor and former Governor of California
- Hugo Eberhardt (1948) (b. 1948), leader in the field of technical safety
- Getty Kaspers (b. 1948), lead vocals of Dutch band Teach-In, who won the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest.
- Eva Rueber-Staier (b. 1951), Miss Austria 1969, Miss World 1969
- Herbert Walzl (1959–2022), stage actor, theatre director and playwright
- Wolfgang Muthspiel (b. 1965), jazz composer and guitarist
- Ulla Weigerstorfer (b. 1967), Miss Austria 1987 and Miss World 1987
- Thomas Muster (b. 1967), former World No. 1 tennis player
- Renate Götschl (b. 1975), alpine skiing World Champion
- Elisabeth Görgl (b. 1981), professional alpine skier
- Christoph Strasser (b. 1982), champion ultra cyclist
- Conchita Wurst (b. 1988), singer and winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Basisdaten Bundesländer" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
- ^ . Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
- ^ Lesser, Shawn. . Clean Tech Group. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Styrian Grand Prix 2021 - F1 Race". Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website.
- ^ "Graz: dark-red–green–red as good as fixed". ORF (in German). 23 October 2021.
- ^ "Landtagswahl 2010" (PDF).
- ^ "Landtagswahl 2015" (PDF).
External links edit
- Imperial Austria: Treasures of Art, Arms and Armor from the State of Styria – The Canadian Museum of Civilization
- Official website (in German)