Hispano-Celtic is a term for all forms of Celtic spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the arrival of the Romans (c. 218 BC, during the Second Punic War).[3][4] In particular, it includes:
A northeastern inland language attested at a relatively late date in the extensive corpus of Celtiberian.[2] This variety, which Jordán Cólera proposed to name Northeastern Hispano-Celtic,[3] has long been synonymous with the term Hispano-Celtic and is universally accepted as Celtic.
A language in the northwest corner of the peninsula, with a northern and western boundary marked by the Atlantic Ocean, a southern boundary along the river Douro, and an eastern boundary marked by Oviedo, which Jordán Cólera has proposed to call Northwestern Hispano-Celtic,[3] where there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions containing isolated words and sentences that are clearly Celtic.[5][6]
The Celtiberian Peñalba de Villastar rock inscription[1] says "...TO LVGVEI ARAIANOM..." meaning "...for noble Lug..."[2]Votive inscription to the Lugoves in Gallaecia: LUCOUBU ARQUIEN(obu) SILONIUS SILO EX VOTO cf.
Western Hispano-Celtic is a term that has been proposed for a dialect continuum on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula, including Gallaecian in the north, Tartessian in the south (according to Koch, and others in between such as Lusitanian[7] (which has sometimes been labelled "para-Celtic"), west of an imaginary line running north–south between Oviedo and Mérida.[3][8] According to Koch, the Western Celtic varieties of the Iberian Peninsula share with Celtiberian a sufficient core of distinctive features to justify Hispano-Celtic as a term for a linguistic subfamily, as opposed to a purely-geographical classification.[2]: 292 In Naturalis Historia 3.13 (written 77–79 CE), Pliny the Elder says the Celtici of Baetica (now western Andalusia) descended from the Celtiberians of Lusitania since they shared common religions, languages and names for their fortified settlements.[9]
Vettonian-Lusitanian sound changesedit
As part of the effort to prove the existence of a western Iberian Hispano-Celtic dialect continuum, there have been attempts to differentiate the Vettonian dialect from the neighboring Lusitanian language using the personal names of the Vettones to describe the following sound changes (Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic):[8]: 351
*ō > ā occurs in Enimarus.
*ō > ū in final syllables, as indicated by the suffix of Abrunus, Caurunius.
*ē > ī is attested in the genitive singular Riuei.
*n̥ > an appears in Argantonius.
*m̥ > am in names with Amb-.
*gʷ > b is attested in names such as Bouius, derived from *gʷow- 'cow'.
*kʷ in PIE *perkʷ-u- 'oak' appears in a lenited form in the name Erguena.
*p > ɸ > 0 is attested in:
*perkʷ-u- > ergʷ- in Erguena (see above).
*plab- > lab- in Laboina.
*uper- > ur- in Uralus and Urocius.
However, *p is preserved in Cupiena, a Vettonian name not attested in Lusitania; also in names like Pinara, while *-pl- probably developed into -bl- in names like Ableca.[2][10]
Rejection of the Western Hispano-Celtic continuum hypothesisedit
The Western-Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis received little support from linguists, who have widely rejected the Celtic interpretation of the Tartessian inscriptions and who generally have regarded Lusitanian as a non-celtic language.[11][12] The more generally accepted non-celtic conclusion of Lusitanian studies has been confirmed by analysis of more recently discovered Lusitanian inscriptions, that clearly show that Lusitanian cannot be a celtic language and in fact approaches the Italic languages.[13][14]
^Meid, W. Celtiberian Inscriptions (1994). Budapest: Archaeolingua Alapítvány.
^ abcdKoch, John T. (2010). "Chapter 9: Paradigm Shift? Interpreting Tartessian as Celtic". In Cunliffe, Barry; Koch, John T. (eds.). Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature. Celtic Studies Publications. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 292–293. ISBN978-1-84217-410-4. Reissued in 2012 in softcover as ISBN978-1-84217-475-3.
^ abcdJordán Cólera, Carlos (16 March 2007). (PDF). E-Keltoi. 6: 749–750. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
^Koch, John T. (2005). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 481. ISBN978-1-85109-440-0.
^"In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and more specifically between the west and north Atlantic coasts and an imaginary line running north-south linking Oviedo and Merida, there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions with particular characteristics of its own. This corpus contains some linguistic features that are clearly Celtic, and others that in our opinion are not Celtic. The former we shall group, for the moment, under the label northwestern Hispano-Celtic. The latter are the same features found in well-documented contemporary inscriptions in the region occupied by the Lusitanians, and therefore belonging to the variety known as LUSITANIAN, or more broadly as GALLO-LUSITANIAN. As we have already said, we do not consider this variety to belong to the Celtic language family." Jordán Cólera, Carlos (16 March 2007). The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula:Celtiberian (PDF). e-Keltoi 6: 749–750' [1] 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^Prósper, Blanca María (2002). Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la península ibérica. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. pp. 422–427. ISBN84-7800-818-7.
^Koch, John T. (2009). "Tartessian: Celtic from the South-west at the Dawn of History" (PDF). Acta Palaeohispanica. Zaragosa, Spain: Institución Fernando el Católico. 9: 339–351. ISSN 1578-5386. Retrieved 17 May 2010.. Journal renamed to Palaeohispanica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua. This particular work has also been published in book form, and revised: Koch, John T. (2013) [2009]. Tartessian: Celtic from the South-west at the Dawn of History. Celtic Studies. Vol. 13 (2nd ed.). Aberystwyth: David Brown Publishing.
^ abWodtko, Dagmar S. (2010). "Chapter 11: The Problem of Lusitanian". In Cunliffe, Barry; Koch, John T. (eds.). Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature. Celtic Studies Publications. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN978-1-84217-410-4.: 360–361 Reissued in 2012 in softcover as ISBN978-1-84217-475-3.
^Pliny the Elder. "3.13". Naturalis Historia. Celticos a Celtiberis ex Lusitania advenisse manifestum est sacris, lingua, oppidorum vocabulis, quae cognominibus in Baetica distinguntur. Written 77–79 CE. Quoted in Koch (2010), pp. 292–293. The text is also found in online sources: [2], [3].
^Lujan, E. (2007). Lambert, P.-Y.; Pinault, G.-J. (eds.). "L'onomastique des Vettons: analyse linguistique". Gaulois et Celtique Continental (in French). Geneva: Librairie Droz.: 245–275.
^Hoz, J. de (28 February 2019), "Method and methods", Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–24, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.003.0001, ISBN978-0-19-879082-2, retrieved 29 May 2021
^Alejandro G. Sinner (ed.), Javier Velaza (ed.), Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, OUP, 2019: Chapter 11, p.304
^Blanca Maria Prósper, The Lusitanian oblique cases revisted: New light on the dative endings, 2021
^Eustaquio Sánchez Salor, Julio Esteban Ortega, Un testimonio del dios Labbo en una inscripción lusitana de Plasencia, Cáceres. ¿Labbo también en Cabeço das Fráguas?, 2021
February 22, 2024
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Hispano Celtic is a term for all forms of Celtic spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the arrival of the Romans c 218 BC during the Second Punic War 3 4 In particular it includes A northeastern inland language attested at a relatively late date in the extensive corpus of Celtiberian 2 This variety which Jordan Colera proposed to name Northeastern Hispano Celtic 3 has long been synonymous with the term Hispano Celtic and is universally accepted as Celtic A language in the northwest corner of the peninsula with a northern and western boundary marked by the Atlantic Ocean a southern boundary along the river Douro and an eastern boundary marked by Oviedo which Jordan Colera has proposed to call Northwestern Hispano Celtic 3 where there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions containing isolated words and sentences that are clearly Celtic 5 6 Hispano CelticGeographicdistributionIberian PeninsulaLinguistic classificationIndo EuropeanCelticContinental CelticHispano CelticSubdivisionsCeltiberian Gallaecian The Celtiberian Penalba de Villastar rock inscription 1 says TO LVGVEI ARAIANOM meaning for noble Lug 2 Votive inscription to the Lugoves in Gallaecia LUCOUBU ARQUIEN obu SILONIUS SILO EX VOTO cf Contents 1 Western Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis 2 Vettonian Lusitanian sound changes 3 Rejection of the Western Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis 4 See also 5 ReferencesWestern Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis editWestern Hispano Celtic is a term that has been proposed for a dialect continuum on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula including Gallaecian in the north Tartessian in the south according to Koch and others in between such as Lusitanian 7 which has sometimes been labelled para Celtic west of an imaginary line running north south between Oviedo and Merida 3 8 According to Koch the Western Celtic varieties of the Iberian Peninsula share with Celtiberian a sufficient core of distinctive features to justify Hispano Celtic as a term for a linguistic subfamily as opposed to a purely geographical classification 2 292 In Naturalis Historia 3 13 written 77 79 CE Pliny the Elder says the Celtici of Baetica now western Andalusia descended from the Celtiberians of Lusitania since they shared common religions languages and names for their fortified settlements 9 Vettonian Lusitanian sound changes editAs part of the effort to prove the existence of a western Iberian Hispano Celtic dialect continuum there have been attempts to differentiate the Vettonian dialect from the neighboring Lusitanian language using the personal names of the Vettones to describe the following sound changes Proto Indo European to Proto Celtic 8 351 ō gt a occurs in Enimarus ō gt u in final syllables as indicated by the suffix of Abrunus Caurunius e gt i is attested in the genitive singular Riuei n gt an appears in Argantonius m gt am in names with Amb gʷ gt b is attested in names such as Bouius derived from gʷow cow kʷ in PIE perkʷ u oak appears in a lenited form in the name Erguena p gt ɸ gt 0 is attested in perkʷ u gt ergʷ in Erguena see above plab gt lab in Laboina uper gt ur in Uralus and Urocius However p is preserved in Cupiena a Vettonian name not attested in Lusitania also in names like Pinara while pl probably developed into bl in names like Ableca 2 10 Rejection of the Western Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis editThe Western Hispano Celtic continuum hypothesis received little support from linguists who have widely rejected the Celtic interpretation of the Tartessian inscriptions and who generally have regarded Lusitanian as a non celtic language 11 12 The more generally accepted non celtic conclusion of Lusitanian studies has been confirmed by analysis of more recently discovered Lusitanian inscriptions that clearly show that Lusitanian cannot be a celtic language and in fact approaches the Italic languages 13 14 See also editGallaecian language Celtic languages Celtiberian language Continental Celtic languages List of Galician words of Celtic origin List of Spanish words of Celtic origin Tartessian language Paleohispanic languages Portuguese vocabulary Proto Italic languageReferences edit Meid W Celtiberian Inscriptions 1994 Budapest Archaeolingua Alapitvany a b c d Koch John T 2010 Chapter 9 Paradigm Shift Interpreting Tartessian as Celtic In Cunliffe Barry Koch John T eds Celtic from the West Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology Genetics Language and Literature Celtic Studies Publications Oxford Oxbow Books pp 292 293 ISBN 978 1 84217 410 4 Reissued in 2012 in softcover as ISBN 978 1 84217 475 3 a b c d Jordan Colera Carlos 16 March 2007 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Celtiberian PDF E Keltoi 6 749 750 Archived from the original PDF on 24 June 2011 Retrieved 16 June 2010 Koch John T 2005 Celtic Culture A Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO p 481 ISBN 978 1 85109 440 0 In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and more specifically between the west and north Atlantic coasts and an imaginary line running north south linking Oviedo and Merida there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions with particular characteristics of its own This corpus contains some linguistic features that are clearly Celtic and others that in our opinion are not Celtic The former we shall group for the moment under the label northwestern Hispano Celtic The latter are the same features found in well documented contemporary inscriptions in the region occupied by the Lusitanians and therefore belonging to the variety known as LUSITANIAN or more broadly as GALLO LUSITANIAN As we have already said we do not consider this variety to belong to the Celtic language family Jordan Colera Carlos 16 March 2007 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Celtiberian PDF e Keltoi 6 749 750 1 Archived 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Prosper Blanca Maria 2002 Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la peninsula iberica Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca pp 422 427 ISBN 84 7800 818 7 Koch John T 2009 Tartessian Celtic from the South west at the Dawn of History PDF Acta Palaeohispanica Zaragosa Spain Institucion Fernando el Catolico 9 339 351 ISSN 1578 5386 Retrieved 17 May 2010 Journal renamed to Palaeohispanica Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua This particular work has also been published in book form and revised Koch John T 2013 2009 Tartessian Celtic from the South west at the Dawn of History Celtic Studies Vol 13 2nd ed Aberystwyth David Brown Publishing a b Wodtko Dagmar S 2010 Chapter 11 The Problem of Lusitanian In Cunliffe Barry Koch John T eds Celtic from the West Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology Genetics Language and Literature Celtic Studies Publications Oxford Oxbow Books ISBN 978 1 84217 410 4 360 361 Reissued in 2012 in softcover as ISBN 978 1 84217 475 3 Pliny the Elder 3 13 Naturalis Historia Celticos a Celtiberis ex Lusitania advenisse manifestum est sacris lingua oppidorum vocabulis quae cognominibus in Baetica distinguntur Written 77 79 CE Quoted in Koch 2010 pp 292 293 The text is also found in online sources 2 3 Lujan E 2007 Lambert P Y Pinault G J eds L onomastique des Vettons analyse linguistique Gaulois et Celtique Continental in French Geneva Librairie Droz 245 275 Hoz J de 28 February 2019 Method and methods Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies Oxford University Press pp 1 24 doi 10 1093 oso 9780198790822 003 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 879082 2 retrieved 29 May 2021 Alejandro G Sinner ed Javier Velaza ed Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies OUP 2019 Chapter 11 p 304 Blanca Maria Prosper The Lusitanian oblique cases revisted New light on the dative endings 2021 Eustaquio Sanchez Salor Julio Esteban Ortega Un testimonio del dios Labbo en una inscripcion lusitana de Plasencia Caceres Labbo tambien en Cabeco das Fraguas 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hispano Celtic languages amp oldid 1183204583, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
