The Roman Empire in AD 120 and Germania, with some Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in AD 98
The Limes Germanicus and the Agri Decimates
The Upper Germanic & Raetian Limes
Alemannic expansion and Roman-Alemannic battle sites, 3rd to 5th century
The meaning of Decumates is lost and has been the subject of much contention. According to the English Classicist Michael Grant, the word probably refers to an ancient Celtic term[4] indicating the political division of the area into "ten cantons." Another theory is that the term implies that a tithe was paid by residents living in this country.[5]
According to Tacitus, the region was originally populated by the Celtic tribe of the Helvetii, but soon Germanic and Gaulish settlers arrived. Tacitus writes that:
I should not reckon among the Germanic tribes the cultivators of the tithe-lands [agri decimates], although they are settled on the further side of the Rhine and Danube. Reckless adventurers from Gaul, emboldened by want, occupied this land of questionable ownership. After a while, our frontier having been advanced, and our military positions pushed forward, it was regarded as a remote nook of our empire and a part of a Roman province.[2]
Under the Flavian and later emperors, Romans took control and settled the region.[2] They built a road network for military communications and movements, and improved protection from invading tribes using the region to penetrate into Roman Gaul provinces. Frontier fortifications (limes) were constructed along a line running Rheinbrohl—Arnsburg—Inheiden—Schierenhof—Gunzenhausen—Pförring (Limes Germanicus).
Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid-3rd century, when the emperor Gallienus (259–260) evacuated it before the invading Alemanni and the secession of much of the Western Roman Empire under the "usurper and ruler" Postumus.[6]
The Emperor Aurelian (AD 270–275) may have had the region briefly reoccupied during the Roman resurgence of the late 3rd century under the so-called "military" emperors. Even if this did occur, re-establishment of Roman rule was brief. After the Emperor Probus' death (282), the region was finally given up and the Alemanni took control.[7] Germanic peoples have continuously inhabited the region since then.[1] However, Roman settlements were not immediately abandoned. There is evidence the Roman way of life continued well into the 5th century, much as Roman patterns continued in neighboring Gaul long after the Western Roman Empire's collapse.
J. G. F. Hind has suggested[8] the former Roman inhabitants of the Agri Decumates were to be found from the later 3rd to the 5th centuries in the Decem Pagi—also "ten cantons"—having transferred west of the Rhine, to the region between the Rhine and the Saar, between Mainz and Metz.
agri, decumates, decumates, agri, decumatian, fields, were, region, roman, empire, provinces, germania, superior, raetia, covering, black, forest, swabian, jura, franconian, jura, areas, between, rhine, main, danube, rivers, present, southwestern, germany, inc. The Agri Decumates or Decumates Agri Decumatian Fields were a region of the Roman Empire s provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia covering the Black Forest Swabian Jura and Franconian Jura areas between the Rhine Main and Danube rivers in present southwestern Germany including present Frankfurt Stuttgart Freiburg im Breisgau and Weissenburg in Bayern The only ancient reference to the name comes from Tacitus book Germania chapter 29 1 2 However the later geographer Claudius Ptolemy does mention the desert of the Helvetians in this area 3 The Roman Empire in AD 120 and Germania with some Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in AD 98 The Limes Germanicus and the Agri Decimates The Upper Germanic amp Raetian Limes Alemannic expansion and Roman Alemannic battle sites 3rd to 5th century The meaning of Decumates is lost and has been the subject of much contention According to the English Classicist Michael Grant the word probably refers to an ancient Celtic term 4 indicating the political division of the area into ten cantons Another theory is that the term implies that a tithe was paid by residents living in this country 5 According to Tacitus the region was originally populated by the Celtic tribe of the Helvetii but soon Germanic and Gaulish settlers arrived Tacitus writes that I should not reckon among the Germanic tribes the cultivators of the tithe lands agri decimates although they are settled on the further side of the Rhine and Danube Reckless adventurers from Gaul emboldened by want occupied this land of questionable ownership After a while our frontier having been advanced and our military positions pushed forward it was regarded as a remote nook of our empire and a part of a Roman province 2 Under the Flavian and later emperors Romans took control and settled the region 2 They built a road network for military communications and movements and improved protection from invading tribes using the region to penetrate into Roman Gaul provinces Frontier fortifications limes were constructed along a line running Rheinbrohl Arnsburg Inheiden Schierenhof Gunzenhausen Pforring Limes Germanicus The larger Roman settlements were Sumolecenna Rottenburg am Neckar Civitas Aurelia Aquensis Baden Baden Lopodunum Ladenburg and Arae Flaviae Rottweil Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid 3rd century when the emperor Gallienus 259 260 evacuated it before the invading Alemanni and the secession of much of the Western Roman Empire under the usurper and ruler Postumus 6 The Emperor Aurelian AD 270 275 may have had the region briefly reoccupied during the Roman resurgence of the late 3rd century under the so called military emperors Even if this did occur re establishment of Roman rule was brief After the Emperor Probus death 282 the region was finally given up and the Alemanni took control 7 Germanic peoples have continuously inhabited the region since then 1 However Roman settlements were not immediately abandoned There is evidence the Roman way of life continued well into the 5th century much as Roman patterns continued in neighboring Gaul long after the Western Roman Empire s collapse J G F Hind has suggested 8 the former Roman inhabitants of the Agri Decumates were to be found from the later 3rd to the 5th centuries in the Decem Pagi also ten cantons having transferred west of the Rhine to the region between the Rhine and the Saar between Mainz and Metz Notes Edit a b M Grant A Guide to the Ancient World p 17 a b c Tac Ger 29 Ptolemy s Geography Book II Chapter 10 J G F Hind Whatever Happened to the Agri Decumates p 188 where he links it to the Old Irish dechmad Smith William 1854 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography L de Blois The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus p 5 250 D Geuenich Geschichte der Alemannen p 23 J G F Hind Whatever Happened to the Agri Decumates p 189ff Bibliography EditGrant Michael 1986 A Guide to the Ancient World A Dictionary of Classical Place Names New York H W Wilson ISBN 0 7607 4134 4 Strayer Joseph R 1982 Dictionary of the Middle Ages vol 1 New York Scribner ISBN 0 684 18276 9 Jankuhn Herbert Beck Heinrich eds 1984 Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde vol 5 Berlin de Gruyter ISBN 3 11 009635 8 Syme Ronald ed 1958 Tacitus vol 1 Oxford Clarendon Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agri Decumates amp oldid 1091439948, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
