The People's Commissariat for State Security (Russian: Народный комиссариат государственной безопасности) or NKGB, was the name of the Sovietsecret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from 3 February 1941 to 20 July 1941, and again in 1943, before being renamed the Ministry for State Security (MGB).
Changes in Soviet apparatus began in February 1941 with the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet decision. It started with Military Counterintelligence. On 3 February 1941, the 4th Department (Special Section, OO) of GUGB within the NKVD security service responsible for the Red Army military counter-intelligence, consisting of 12 Sections and one Investigation Unit, was separated from the GUGB NKVD. The official liquidation of the OO GUGB and GUGB as organized units within the NKVD was announced on 12 February 1941 by a joint order № 00151/003 of the NKVD and NKGB USSR. The rest of the GUGB was abolished and staff were moved to the newly created People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB). Departments of the former GUGB were renamed Directorates. For example, the former Foreign Department (INO) became the Foreign Directorate (INU); political police represented by the Secret Political Department (SPO) became the Secret Political Directorate (SPU), and so on.
NKGB taskingedit
Based on NKVD and NKGB directive number 782/B265M, from 1 March 1941, the NKGB tasks were:
Conducting intelligence activities abroad;
Battling espionage (on both fronts: counter and offensive);
Battling sabotage and terrorist acts organized by foreign Special Services on USSR territory;
The penetration, and liquidation, of anti-Soviet parties and counter-revolutionary organizations;
The protection of high party and government officials.
February 1941 organizationedit
The first head of NKGB was Vsevolod Nikolayevich Merkulov who became People's Commissar of State Security. His first deputy was Ivan Serov, a former Commissar 3rd rank of State Security, and two deputies, Bogdan Kobulov and Mikhail Gribov.
Department Four (Technical and Operational) Evgeny Lapishin
Directorate of Kremlin Commander Nikolai Spyrydonov
Department Five (Codes and Ciphers)
Department of Staff Mikhail Gribov
Department for Administration Economy and Finance (AChFO)
Changes 1941/1943edit
The Soviet security organizations were merged in July 1941, after the German invasion, with the NKGB Directorates returned to NKVD as separate units. During 1943 changes NKGB was created again as separate Commissariat. Please look at organization changes below)
These organizational changes were never explained. According to historian John Dziak they may have had something to do with the Soviet occupations of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, eastern Poland, part of Romania (Bessarabia and northern Bukovina). Also, the numbers of apprehensions, deportations, executions and establishments of Gulags had quickly grown, which required a reorganization of structures and a boost of manpower in the security administration. Other reasons Dziak states are: the shock caused by the German aggression and the fast progress of their army; and when the Soviet victory in Stalingrad had made prospects of the recovery of previous war losses more likely.[1]
1943 organizationedit
People's Commissar of State Security and his deputies Vsevolod Merkulov
^Dziak, John (1988). Chekisty: a history of the KGB. Lexington Books. ISBN0669-10258-X.
Referencesedit
Vadim J. Birstein : SMERSH Stalin's Secret Weapon, Soviet military counterintelligence in ww2 ISBN978-1-84954-108-4
Piotr Kołakowski – NKWD i GRU na ziemiach Polskich 1939–1945 – (Kulisy wywiadu i kontrwywiadu) – Dom wydawniczy Bellona Warszawa 2002 – (NKVD and GRU on Polish soil 1939–1945 [Intelligence counter-intelligence series] Warsaw, 2002)
Norman Polmar, Thomas B Allen – Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage 1997
February 27, 2024
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources People s Commissariat for State Security news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Chronology of Sovietsecurity agencies1917 22 Cheka under Council of People s Commissars of the RSFSR All Russian Extraordinary Commission 1922 23 GPU under NKVD of the RSFSR State Political Directorate 1920 91 PGU KGB or INO under Cheka later KGB of the USSR First Chief Directorate 1923 34 OGPU under SNK of the USSR Joint State Political Directorate 1934 46 NKVD of the USSR People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs 1934 41 GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR Main Directorate of State Security ofPeople s Commissariat for Internal Affairs 1941 NKGB of the USSR People s Commissariat of State Security 1943 46 NKGB of the USSR People s Commissariat for State Security 1946 53 MGB of the USSR Ministry of State Security 1946 54 MVD of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs 1947 51 KI MID of the USSR Committee of Information under Ministryof Foreign Affairs 1954 78 KGB under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Committee for State Security 1978 91 KGB of the USSR Committee for State Security 1991 MSB of the USSR Interrepublican Security Service 1991 TsSB of the USSR Central Intelligence Service 1991 KOGG of the USSR Committee for the Protection ofthe State Border vteThe People s Commissariat for State Security Russian Narodnyj komissariat gosudarstvennoj bezopasnosti or NKGB was the name of the Soviet secret police intelligence and counter intelligence force that existed from 3 February 1941 to 20 July 1941 and again in 1943 before being renamed the Ministry for State Security MGB Contents 1 Separate administration 2 NKGB tasking 3 February 1941 organization 4 Changes 1941 1943 5 1943 organization 6 From commissariats to ministries 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesSeparate administration editChanges in Soviet apparatus began in February 1941 with the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet decision It started with Military Counterintelligence On 3 February 1941 the 4th Department Special Section OO of GUGB within the NKVD security service responsible for the Red Army military counter intelligence consisting of 12 Sections and one Investigation Unit was separated from the GUGB NKVD The official liquidation of the OO GUGB and GUGB as organized units within the NKVD was announced on 12 February 1941 by a joint order 00151 003 of the NKVD and NKGB USSR The rest of the GUGB was abolished and staff were moved to the newly created People s Commissariat for State Security NKGB Departments of the former GUGB were renamed Directorates For example the former Foreign Department INO became the Foreign Directorate INU political police represented by the Secret Political Department SPO became the Secret Political Directorate SPU and so on NKGB tasking editBased on NKVD and NKGB directive number 782 B265M from 1 March 1941 the NKGB tasks were Conducting intelligence activities abroad Battling espionage on both fronts counter and offensive Battling sabotage and terrorist acts organized by foreign Special Services on USSR territory The penetration and liquidation of anti Soviet parties and counter revolutionary organizations Overseeing ideology in Soviet society The protection of high party and government officials February 1941 organization editThe first head of NKGB was Vsevolod Nikolayevich Merkulov who became People s Commissar of State Security His first deputy was Ivan Serov a former Commissar 3rd rank of State Security and two deputies Bogdan Kobulov and Mikhail Gribov People s Commissar of State Security Vsevolod MerkulovFirst Deputy Ivan SerovDeputy Bogdan KobulovNKGB Office V GolovanovDeputy Mikhail GribovFirst Directorate Foreign Intelligence INU Pavel FitinDepartment One Government Protection Nikolai VlasikSecond Directorate Counter Intelligence KRU Pyotr FedotovDepartment Two Statistics and Archives USO Leonid BashtakovThird Directorate Secret Political SPU Solomon MilshteinDepartment Three Operative Dmitry ShadrinInvestigative Service Lev VlodymyrskyDepartment Four Technical and Operational Evgeny LapishinDirectorate of Kremlin Commander Nikolai SpyrydonovDepartment Five Codes and Ciphers Department of Staff Mikhail GribovDepartment for Administration Economy and Finance AChFO Changes 1941 1943 editThe Soviet security organizations were merged in July 1941 after the German invasion with the NKGB Directorates returned to NKVD as separate units During 1943 changes NKGB was created again as separate Commissariat Please look at organization changes below These organizational changes were never explained According to historian John Dziak they may have had something to do with the Soviet occupations of Latvia Lithuania Estonia eastern Poland part of Romania Bessarabia and northern Bukovina Also the numbers of apprehensions deportations executions and establishments of Gulags had quickly grown which required a reorganization of structures and a boost of manpower in the security administration Other reasons Dziak states are the shock caused by the German aggression and the fast progress of their army and when the Soviet victory in Stalingrad had made prospects of the recovery of previous war losses more likely 1 1943 organization editPeople s Commissar of State Security and his deputies Vsevolod MerkulovNKGB Office Avram KossoyFirst Directorate Foreign Intelligence INU Pavel FitinSixth Directorate Government Protection Nikolai VlasikSecond Directorate Counter Intelligence KRU Pyotr FedotovDirectorate of Kremlin Commander Nikolai SpyrydonovThird Directorate Transport Solomon MilshteinInvestigative Service Lev VlodymyrskyFourth Directorate Sabotage Behind Enemy Lines Pavel SudoplatovDepartment for Administration Economy and Finance AChFO Fifth Department Codes and Ciphers Ivan ShevyelevDepartment of StaffDepartment A Statistics and Archive Arkady GercovskyDepartment B Technical and Operational Evgeny LapishinDepartment W Censure From commissariats to ministries editIn 1946 other changes followed Existing People s Commissariats were renamed ministries People s Commisariat for Internal Affairs or NKVD was renamed Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del or MVD and the People s Commissariat for State Security was renamed Ministry for State Security Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti or MGB See also editBibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies Eastern Bloc politics RSHANotes edit Dziak John 1988 Chekisty a history of the KGB Lexington Books ISBN 0669 10258 X References editVadim J Birstein SMERSH Stalin s Secret Weapon Soviet military counterintelligence in ww2 ISBN 978 1 84954 108 4 Piotr Kolakowski NKWD i GRU na ziemiach Polskich 1939 1945 Kulisy wywiadu i kontrwywiadu Dom wydawniczy Bellona Warszawa 2002 NKVD and GRU on Polish soil 1939 1945 Intelligence counter intelligence series Warsaw 2002 Norman Polmar Thomas B Allen Spy Book The Encyclopedia of Espionage 1997 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title People 27s Commissariat for State Security amp oldid 1122475765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
