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Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates

April 26, 2024

The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

The United Arab Emirates has broad diplomatic and commercial relations with most countries of the world. It plays a significant role in OPEC, and is one of the founding members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The United Arab Emirates is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies, as well as the World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Also, it is an observer in the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Most countries have diplomatic missions in the capital Abu Dhabi with most consulates being in United Arab Emirates's largest and most populated city, Dubai.

Multilateral relations edit

UAE has joined the United Nations and the Arab League and has established diplomatic relations with more than 60 countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Russia, India, Nepal, United States, and most Western European countries. It has played a moderate role within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the United Nations, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The UAE believes that the Arab League needs to be restructured to become a viable institution, and would like to increase the strength and interoperability of the GCC defense forces.

The UAE is a member of the following international organizations: UN and several of its specialized agencies (ICAO, ILO, UPU, WHO, WIPO); World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), OPEC, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, and the Non-Aligned Movement.

In October 2010, the UAE was granted observer status at the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie[1]

As a result of the foreign policy of the UAE, the Emirati passport became the largest individual climber in Henley & Partners Passport Index in 2018 over the past decade, increasing its global rank by 28 places.[2] According to the Henley Passport Index, as of 28 March 2019, Emirati citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Emirati passport 21st in the world in terms of travel freedom.[3]

Diplomatic relations edit

List of countries which the United Arab Emirates maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date[4]
1   United Kingdom 6 December 1971[5]
2   Belgium 8 December 1971[6]
3   Jordan 8 December 1971[7]
4   Sudan December 1971[8]
5   Bahrain 1971[9]
6   Iraq 1971[10]
7   Italy 1971[11]
8   France 5 January 1972[12]
9   India 6 January 1972[13]
10   Lebanon 8 January 1972[14]
11   Pakistan 13 January 1972[15]
12   Syria 19 January 1972[16]
13   Kuwait 8 March 1972[17]
14   United States 20 March 1972[18]
15   Japan 4 May 1972[19]
16   Netherlands 6 May 1972[20]
17   Germany 17 May 1972[21]
18   Libya 24 May 1972[22]
19   Tunisia 14 June 1972[23]
20   Egypt 26 October 1972[24]
21   Iran 28 October 1972[25]
22   Spain 10 November 1972[26]
23   Somalia 29 November 1972[27]
24   Morocco 1972[28]
25   Sweden 1972[29]
26   Tanzania 8 January 1973[30]
27   Mauritania 16 March 1973[31]
28   Turkey 21 March 1973[32]
29   Oman 1 April 1973[33]
30   Afghanistan 6 April 1973[34]
31   Chad 7 April 1973[35]
32   Norway 4 July 1973[36]
33   Algeria 6 July 1973[37]
34   Senegal 23 July 1973[38]
35    Switzerland 12 September 1973[39]
36   Malta 20 November 1973[40]
37   Canada 2 February 1974[41]
38   Argentina 26 February 1974[42]
39   Burundi February 1974[43]
40   Bangladesh 9 March 1974[44]
41   Austria 10 March 1974[45]
42   Brazil 10 June 1974[46]
43   Philippines 19 August 1974[47]
44   Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974[48]
45   Ireland 8 October 1974[49]
46   Zambia 29 November 1974[50]
47   Denmark 18 January 1975[51]
48   Finland 21 February 1975[52]
49   Cameroon 24 February 1975[53]
50   Ecuador 9 June 1975[54]
51   Venezuela 18 June 1975[55]
52   Lesotho 8 July 1975[56]
53   Gambia 9 July 1975[57]
54   Niger 9 July 1975[57]
55   Australia 30 August 1975[58]
56   Mexico 12 September 1975[59]
57   Thailand 12 December 1975[60]
58   Qatar 1975[61]
59   Colombia 1 January 1976[62]
60   Mauritius 4 January 1976[63]
61   Indonesia 19 April 1976[64]
62   Portugal 20 June 1976[65]
63   Greece 21 June 1976[66]
64     Nepal 22 January 1977[67]
65   Comoros 2 June 1977[68]
66   Burkina Faso 16 January 1978[69]
67   Maldives 15 March 1978[70]
68   Chile 23 June 1978[71]
69   Sri Lanka 19 July 1979[72]
70   Uruguay 4 April 1980[73]
71   Luxembourg 6 May 1980[74]
72   South Korea 18 June 1980[75]
73   Mali 18 August 1981[76]
74   Ghana 25 August 1981[77]
75   Djibouti 26 December 1981[78]
76   Nigeria 20 January 1982[79]
77   Kenya 5 June 1982[80]
78   Sierra Leone 5 October 1982[81]
79   Seychelles 18 December 1982[82]
80   Malaysia 1983[83]
81   China 1 November 1984[84]
82   Singapore 15 May 1985[85]
83   New Zealand 20 May 1985[86]
84   Russia 13 November 1985[87]
85   Benin 5 January 1986[88]
86   Peru 17 June 1986[89]
87   Bolivia 1 December 1986
88   Czech Republic 7 June 1988[90]
—   State of Palestine 17 November 1988[91]
89   Romania 1 August 1989[92]
90   Hungary 2 August 1989[93]
91   Poland 4 September 1989[94]
92   Nicaragua 1 August 1991
93   Bulgaria 10 October 1991[95]
94   Belize 10 December 1991[96]
95   Brunei 28 May 1992
96   Albania 1 June 1992[97]
97   Croatia 23 June 1992[98]
98   Azerbaijan 1 September 1992[99]
99   Kazakhstan 1 October 1992[100]
100   Slovenia 15 October 1992[101]
101   Ukraine 15 October 1992[102]
102   Lithuania 16 October 1992[103]
103   Belarus 20 October 1992[104]
104   Georgia 20 October 1992[105]
105   Uzbekistan 25 October 1992[106]
106   Guatemala 15 December 1992
107   Slovakia 3 February 1993[107]
108   Panama 9 March 1993
109   Ethiopia 5 May 1993[108]
110   Eritrea 28 June 1993[109]
111   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 August 1993[110]
112   Vietnam 1 August 1993[111]
113   South Africa 17 May 1994[112]
114   Ivory Coast 30 May 1994[113]
115   Cambodia 21 October 1994
116   Guyana 6 February 1995
117   Guinea 2 June 1995[114]
118   Latvia 18 September 1995[115]
119   Turkmenistan 10 October 1995[116]
120   Tajikistan 19 December 1995[117]
121   Moldova 21 December 1995[118]
122   Rwanda 1995[119]
123   Barbados 8 January 1996[120]
124   Honduras 26 February 1996[121]
125   Mongolia 1 April 1996[122]
126   Mozambique 3 April 1996[123]
127   North Macedonia 27 May 1996[124]
128   Malawi 12 June 1996[125]
129   Zimbabwe 24 June 1996[126]
130   Kyrgyzstan 1 August 1996[127]
131   Namibia 22 July 1996
132   Laos 15 October 1996[128]
133   São Tomé and Príncipe 24 October 1997
134   Angola 11 December 1997
135   Armenia 25 June 1998
136   Suriname 7 October 1999
137   Cuba 18 March 2002[129]
138   Iceland 17 September 2003
139   Eswatini 2 November 2005[130]
140   Estonia 28 March 2006
141   Botswana 28 April 2006[131]
142   Cape Verde July 2006[132]
143   El Salvador 15 March 2007
144   Serbia 21 March 2007
145   Nauru 27 March 2007
146   Antigua and Barbuda 4 May 2007
147   Republic of the Congo 21 May 2007[133]
—   Holy See 30 May 2007
148   Cyprus 6 June 2007
149   Paraguay 13 July 2007
150   Tonga 13 July 2007
—   North Korea (suspended)[134] 17 September 2007
151   Togo 6 December 2007
152   Uganda 2007[135]
153   Montenegro 4 April 2008
154   Andorra 23 September 2008
155   Dominican Republic 12 November 2008[136]
156   San Marino 28 January 2009[137]
157   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 February 2009
158   Liberia 6 May 2009[138]
159   Central African Republic 22 May 2009
160   Vanuatu 23 June 2009
161   Monaco 9 October 2009
162   Palau 16 October 2009
163   Haiti 21 October 2009
164   Liechtenstein 22 October 2009
165   East Timor 13 November 2009
166   Costa Rica 11 March 2010
167   Fiji 17 March 2010
168   Tuvalu 29 March 2010
—   Kosovo 27 April 2010[139]
169   Solomon Islands 29 April 2010
170   Samoa 11 May 2010
171   Marshall Islands 3 June 2010
172   Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 June 2010
173   Saint Lucia 29 November 2010[140]
174   Jamaica 4 March 2011
175   Bahamas 2 May 2011
176   Bhutan 13 September 2012
177   Dominica 17 December 2014
178   South Sudan 23 June 2016[141]
179   Federated States of Micronesia 8 September 2016
180   Madagascar 22 September 2016
181   Papua New Guinea 22 March 2017
182   Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 November 2017[142]
—   Cook Islands 5 August 2018[143]
183   Israel 11 September 2020[144]
184   Myanmar 9 November 2020
185   Equatorial Guinea Unknown
186   Gabon Unknown
187   Grenada Unknown[145]
188   Guinea-Bissau Unknown
189   Kiribati Unknown
190   Trinidad and Tobago Unknown
191   Yemen Unknown

Africa edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Algeria 6 July 1973 See Algeria–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1973 when UAE official open Embassy in Algiers[37]

  • Algeria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Algiers.
  Egypt 10 January 1972, severed diplomatic relations from 25 April 1979, Restored 11 November 1987 See Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1972[14]

Since the establishment of The UAE in 1971, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates relations were always at a good level and developing at an unprecedented rate. The bond of friendship between the leaders of both countries has reflected on the growing political, economic and cultural ties between them, as a result, UAE ranks first among Arab and foreign countries investing in Egypt.[146] The UAE and Egypt maintain a close economic ties and maintain trade between the two countries with imports and exports between the two sides.

  Eritrea 28 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1993[109]
  • Eritrea has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.[147]
  • The United Arab Emirates has a military base in Assab.
  Kenya 5 June 1982 See Kenya–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1982.

  • Kenya has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nairobi.
  Liberia 6 May 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 2009[138]
  • Liberia has a Consulate General in Dubai.
  • Relations with The UAE are very good with multiple bilateral agreement signed in 2019.
  Libya 24 May 1972

The UAE maintains a forward operating base at the Al-Khadim Airport, near Marj.[148][149]

  Senegal 23 July 1973

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1973[38]

The United Arab Emirates established an embassy in Dakar in March 2018, which was unveiled by Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.[150] The Abu Dhabi Fund for Development loaned Senegal $13 million to invest in rural solar energy.[150]

  Somalia 29 November 1972 See Somalia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1972[27]

  • Somalia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[151]
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mogadishu.[152]

Americas edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Argentina 26 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1974.
  • Argentina has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  Barbados 8 January 1996

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1996.[120]

  • In 2022 the government of Barbados opened an embassy in Dubai.[1]
  • In 2023 the Government of Dubai signed a deal to operate the sole International airport in Barbados.[2]
  Brazil 26 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1974[153]
  Canada 2 February 1974 See Canada–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1974[156]

  • Canada has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.[157]
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ottawa.[158]
  Chile 23 June 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978[71]
  • Chile has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Santiago.
  Colombia 1 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1976[62]
  • Colombia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bogotá.
  Mexico 12 September 1975 See Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1975[59]

  Peru 17 June 1986
Main article: Peru–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1986[89]

  • Peru has a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Lima.
  United States 20 March 1972 See United Arab Emirates–United States relations

The UAE's strategic relationship with the United States dates back to the 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Subsequent to joining the military effort, the two countries signed an agreement in late 1992 permitting the United States to use some UAE bases temporarily and to pre-position supplies on UAE territory.[161] Since 25 July 1994, a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement has been in place.[162] Ten years later, despite publicly opposing the US led war in Iraq, the UAE permitted a minimal amount of US forces to support the operation from the Al Dhafra air base, Jebel Ali, and naval facilities at Fujairah. Enhancing security relations, has been a US arms sale in March 2000 to the Emirates, valued at $8 billion and included over $2 billion worth of weapons, munitions, and services.[163]

A nuclear deal was signed between the US and the UAE meant to supply nuclear technology, expertise and fuel. Despite international opposition to neighboring Iran's nuclear developments, the US is confident of the UAE's compliance with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to refrain from enriching uranium and extracting plutonium.[164] It firmly believes this agreement "has the potential to usher in an era of responsible nuclear-energy development throughout the Middle East."[165]

Commercially, the UAE is also the States' largest export market in the Middle East constituting $11.6 billion in exports annually. In March 2005, the US opened negotiations on a free trade agreement and despite intermittent depreciation of currencies in the Persian Gulf area, the UAE dirham remains pegged to the dollar.[166] The two countries have also maintained close ties through an exchange of cultural and educational partnerships which include the Guggenheim Museum, and a number of American Universities opening campuses in the Emirates.[167]

Asia edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Afghanistan 6 April 1973 See Afghanistan–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1973[34]

  • Afghanistan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kabul.
  Armenia 25 June 1998
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1998.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Yerevan.
  Azerbaijan 1 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1992[99]
  • The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on December 26, 1991.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Baku.
  Bahrain 1971 See Bahrain–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Bahrain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Manama.
  China 1 November 1984 See China–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1984[84] Over the years, the relations between the UAE and China intensified, causing increasing issues with an important western ally, the US. From the Chinese technology to crude oil and to COVID-19 vaccine, the Emirates began to expand its reliance on China.[170] In 2021, the US raised multiple warnings for the Emirates to move back in its growing relations with China. The Biden administration pushed the Emirates to abandon Huawei's telecommunication network, which was a potential threat to a crucial deal of F-35 fighter jet and other military equipment between the UAE and US.[171] The US also warned the Emirates of a military facility that was secretly being built by China at a port near Abu Dhabi. The US intelligence warnings and multiple trips by the American officials to the UAE let to a halt in the construction of the facility.[172]

  • China has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
  • The UAE and China have been strong international allies, with significant cooperation across economic, political and cultural aspects.[173][174][175][176]
  India 23 February 1972 See India–United Arab Emirates relations

UAE enjoys close economic and cultural relations with India. Close maritime contact between India and the Arabian Peninsula date back to 3rd and 2nd millennium BC.[177] and textile and spice trade between the two countries flourished during most of 1st millennium AD.[178]

The discovery of oil allowed the UAE to increase and diversify its trade relations with India. UAE and India are each other's main trading partners. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion).[179] During the first half of 2010, non-oil trade between India and the UAE stood at US$20.4 billion.[180] UAE is home to more than 3 million Indian expatriates, making Indians the largest ethnic group in the nation.[181]

  • India has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in New Delhi.
  Indonesia 1976 See Indonesia–United Arab Emirates relations

The diplomatic relations between Indonesia and United Arab Emirates are friendly and cordial since they were established in 1976. Both Muslim majority countries, they each recognize the other's important role its respective region. Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi, while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are partners in multilateral organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), The Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia uses the UAE as the main gate to enter the Persian Gulf and Middle East market, Indonesia's export to UAE is the largest in the Middle East. Indonesian Government has established the trade and investment representative office to promote its products in United Arab Emirates and the entire Middle East region.

  Iran 28 October 1972 See Iran–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1972[25]

  Iraq 1971 See Iraq–United Arab Emirates relations

The 1990 Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait were a shock to the UAE.[161] For the UAE, the crisis over Kuwait demonstrated a lack of Arab unity on a critical Arab issue.[161] The UAE joined the Arab states that opposed the Iraqi invasion and supported the use of force to compel Iraq's withdrawal of troops from Kuwait.[161] Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the UAE opposed the US-led invasion.

In June 2008, the Iraqi government announced that the United Arab Emirates would send an ambassador to Baghdad within a few days. This would become the first Arab ambassador in Iraq since the kidnapping and murder of the Egyptian Ambassador Ihab el-Sherif in July 2005. This announcement was made during a surprise visit by the United Arab Emirates' Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan to Baghdad on 5 June 2008. This marked the first time a high-ranking official from a Gulf state visited Iraq since March 2003.[183][184]

On 31 July 2007 following Iraq victory of the Asian Cup, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice-president and prime minister of the UAE awarded the Iraq national football team 20 million Dhs, ($5.2 million) for capturing the Asian Cup for the first time in the country's history.[185]

  Israel 15 September 2020 See Israel–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Israel has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Tel Aviv.

The Abraham Agreement has opened a new window of opportunity for normalization between Israel and the UAE. However, some analysts, such as Salem Al Ketbi, reject "zero-sum arguments" and suggest that relations with Israel and Iran do not preclude each other.[186] As a response to the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, the UAE condemned Hamas for its "serious and grave escalation" and its hostage taking.[187]

  Jordan 1972 Jordan was the first country to recognize UAE after forming the union in 1971. The first commander in Chief in the UAE military was Jordanian, and the first commander in Zayed Military college was Jordanian as well. Making Jordan effectively one of a key partners of forming the UAE.[188]

The relationship between UAE and Jordan dates to the 1950s, before UAE gain independence and form the union. Jordan at the time used to aid UAE with educational, military, and health care missions, when UAE was still a barren desert.[189]

  Kuwait 8 March 1972 See Kuwait–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1972[17]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  Malaysia 11 September 1974 See Malaysia–United Arab Emirates relations

The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[190] The countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.[83]

In 2005 Malaysia's export to the UAE stood at Dh7 billion. Main export items were gold and jewellery, wood products (furniture and parts), palm oil, petroleum products and electrical appliances. In 2007, trade between Malaysia and UAE was worth MYR 14.56 billion making UAE, Malaysia's largest trading partner in West Asia as well as Malaysia being the 10th largest exporter to UAE.[191] In 2009, Malaysian ambassador Datuk Yahaya Abdul Jabar said total trade between Malaysia and UAE from January to November stood at RM19.5 billion. Malaysia's main exports to the UAE are jewellery, consumer electronics and palm oil.[192]

  Oman 1 April 1973 See Oman–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973[33]

  • Oman has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Muscat.
  Pakistan 13 January 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1972[15]

See Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations

Pakistan and the UAE are very close allies with extremely close relations based on cultural affinities and shared faith. These relations date back to the UAE's formation in 1971, and have since developed into wide-ranging co-operation in various fields. UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan.[193] Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan, in the Punjab province of Pakistan is an example of UAE's economic assistance as the late president and the founder of the UAE Sheikh Zayed donated the airport to the government of Pakistan.

UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. A large number of Pakistani expatriates, numbering nearly 1.2 million are gainfully employed in UAE.[citation needed]

  Qatar 1975 See Qatar–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1975.[61]

The UAE alongside multiple Middle Eastern and African countries cut diplomatic ties with Qatar in June 2017 due to allegations of Qatar being a state sponsor of terrorism, resulting in the Qatar diplomatic crisis. Ties were restored in January 2021.[194] In June 2023, both countries reopened their embassies and appointed ambassadors in July and August.[195][196]

  Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974 See Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1974.[48]

  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  South Korea 18 June 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1980[75]
  Sri Lanka 19 July 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1979[72]

See Sri Lanka-United Arab Emirates relations

  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Colombo.
  Syria 19 January 1972 See Syria–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972[16]
  • The UAE has an embassy in Damascus.
  • Syria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • Both countries are members of the Arab League.
  • On 18 March 2022, Bashar al-Assad visited the UAE for the first time since 2011. He met Dubai's Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and the UAE President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan for the peace deal. The US fully opposed the relations building between the UAE and Syria. Despite the US opposition, the UAE was still building relation with Syria. On 19 March 2023, Assad visited the UAE again, with his wife Asma al Assad.[198]
  Thailand 12 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975[60]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok
  Turkey 21 March 1973 See Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1973[32]

  • Turkey has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  Vietnam 1 August 1993 See United Arab Emirates–Vietnam relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1993[111]

  • Vietnam has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Hanoi.
  Yemen See United Arab Emirates-Yemen relations

The UAE and Yemen have a complex and strained relationship, as the UAE has played a significant role in regional politics in Yemen, and has at various points been an adversary of the country, as the UAE's involvement in Yemen, for example the United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra, and its support for the Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist organization in Southern Yemen, has been a source of tension between the two countries, and has contributed to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the country. Furthermore, the UAE has been involved in other efforts in Yemen that have been controversial. The country has been accused of backing local militias and separatist groups that have sought to gain more autonomy or independence from the central government. Some critics have accused the UAE of using these groups to further its own interests in the region, rather than working towards a broader peace and stability in Yemen.

Europe edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Austria 10 March 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974[45]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Vienna.
  Cyprus 6 June 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2007[199]
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Abu Dhabi
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nicosia.
  Denmark 18 January 1975 See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1975[51]

  • Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
  Finland 21 February 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1975[52]
  • Finland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Helsinki.
  France 5 January 1972 See France–United Arab Emirates relations

The UAE's relationship with France has been strategically important as it negotiated a defence cooperation agreement and remains one of the country's primary providers of military material.[200] France and the UAE have signed a defence cooperation agreement in order to diversity its procurement from solely the US.[200] Culturally, as the Sorbonne and Louvre are both establishing extensions in the UAE,[201] a plan is in the works to recreate a miniature Lyon city in Dubai complete with public squares, restaurants and museums.[202]

On 25 May 2009, the French president Nicolas Sarkozy visited the UAE, Abu Dhabi where he along with UAE's president Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan formally opened a French military base in the United Arab Emirates. This would become France's first permanent base in the Persian Gulf, hosting up to 500 French troops.[203] In addition to the inauguration of Peace Camp, Nicolas Sarkozy visited the site of a Louvre Museum branch which France is opening in the United Arab Emirates. Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said that the co-operation with France is a top priority for the UAE's foreign policy.[204]

  Germany 17 May 1972 See Germany–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1972[21]

German exports amount to 5.84 billion Euros.[205] German companies significantly contribute to the UAE's ongoing infrastructure projects and play a leading role in the country's alternative energy developments.[206] Consequently, German Business Park, an area designed to house several of the already seven hundred present companies and their logistical needs, is in the midst of construction.[207]

  Ireland 8 October 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1974[49]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Dublin.
  Kosovo 14 October 2008[208][209] See Kosovo–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[210][211]
  • The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Kosovo from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  Netherlands 6 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1972[20]
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in The Hague.
  Poland 4 September 1989 See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1989[94]

  • Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
  Romania 1 August 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1989[92]
  Russia 13 November 1985 See Russia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1985.

  • Russia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Moscow.
  Serbia 21 March 2007 See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007

  • Serbia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade.
  Spain 10 November 1972 See Spain–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1972.

  • Spain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a commercial office in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Madrid.
  Ukraine 15 October 1992 Both countries established diplomatic reations on 15 October 1992[102]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, the UAE abstained in a U.N. Security Council vote to condemn Russia's invasion.[212] The UAE later condemned Russia in a U.N. General Assembly vote.[213]
  United Kingdom 6 December 1971 See United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971 when first British Ambassador Mr. C. J. Treadwell presented his credentials to President of United Arab Emirates.[5]

  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai.
  • The British Council maintains offices in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.[214]
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in London.

Oceania edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Australia 16 March 1975 See Australia–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Canberra.
  New Zealand 20 May 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1985[86]
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Wellington.

Territorial disputes edit

See also: Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
  • Location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final, de facto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north;
  • UAE claims two islands through the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the Persian Gulf that are currently controlled by Iran: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchak in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran);
  • UAE claims an island through the Emirate of Sharjah in the Persian Gulf that is currently administered by Iran (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran) - over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island.

See also edit

References edit

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April 26, 2024
foreign, relations, united, arab, emirates, this, article, factual, accuracy, compromised, date, information, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, july, 2018, diplomatic, foreign, relations, united, arab,. This article s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2018 The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation The United Arab Emirates has broad diplomatic and commercial relations with most countries of the world It plays a significant role in OPEC and is one of the founding members of the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC The United Arab Emirates is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies as well as the World Bank IMF Arab League Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC and the Non Aligned Movement Also it is an observer in the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie Most countries have diplomatic missions in the capital Abu Dhabi with most consulates being in United Arab Emirates s largest and most populated city Dubai Contents 1 Multilateral relations 2 Diplomatic relations 3 Africa 4 Americas 5 Asia 6 Europe 7 Oceania 8 Territorial disputes 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksMultilateral relations editUAE has joined the United Nations and the Arab League and has established diplomatic relations with more than 60 countries including China Japan South Korea Pakistan Russia India Nepal United States and most Western European countries It has played a moderate role within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAPEC the United Nations and the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC The UAE believes that the Arab League needs to be restructured to become a viable institution and would like to increase the strength and interoperability of the GCC defense forces The UAE is a member of the following international organizations UN and several of its specialized agencies ICAO ILO UPU WHO WIPO World Bank IMF Arab League Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC OPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Non Aligned Movement In October 2010 the UAE was granted observer status at the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie 1 As a result of the foreign policy of the UAE the Emirati passport became the largest individual climber in Henley amp Partners Passport Index in 2018 over the past decade increasing its global rank by 28 places 2 According to the Henley Passport Index as of 28 March 2019 Emirati citizens had visa free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories ranking the Emirati passport 21st in the world in terms of travel freedom 3 Diplomatic relations editList of countries which the United Arab Emirates maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date 4 1 nbsp United Kingdom 6 December 1971 5 2 nbsp Belgium 8 December 1971 6 3 nbsp Jordan 8 December 1971 7 4 nbsp Sudan December 1971 8 5 nbsp Bahrain 1971 9 6 nbsp Iraq 1971 10 7 nbsp Italy 1971 11 8 nbsp France 5 January 1972 12 9 nbsp India 6 January 1972 13 10 nbsp Lebanon 8 January 1972 14 11 nbsp Pakistan 13 January 1972 15 12 nbsp Syria 19 January 1972 16 13 nbsp Kuwait 8 March 1972 17 14 nbsp United States 20 March 1972 18 15 nbsp Japan 4 May 1972 19 16 nbsp Netherlands 6 May 1972 20 17 nbsp Germany 17 May 1972 21 18 nbsp Libya 24 May 1972 22 19 nbsp Tunisia 14 June 1972 23 20 nbsp Egypt 26 October 1972 24 21 nbsp Iran 28 October 1972 25 22 nbsp Spain 10 November 1972 26 23 nbsp Somalia 29 November 1972 27 24 nbsp Morocco 1972 28 25 nbsp Sweden 1972 29 26 nbsp Tanzania 8 January 1973 30 27 nbsp Mauritania 16 March 1973 31 28 nbsp Turkey 21 March 1973 32 29 nbsp Oman 1 April 1973 33 30 nbsp Afghanistan 6 April 1973 34 31 nbsp Chad 7 April 1973 35 32 nbsp Norway 4 July 1973 36 33 nbsp Algeria 6 July 1973 37 34 nbsp Senegal 23 July 1973 38 35 nbsp Switzerland 12 September 1973 39 36 nbsp Malta 20 November 1973 40 37 nbsp Canada 2 February 1974 41 38 nbsp Argentina 26 February 1974 42 39 nbsp Burundi February 1974 43 40 nbsp Bangladesh 9 March 1974 44 41 nbsp Austria 10 March 1974 45 42 nbsp Brazil 10 June 1974 46 43 nbsp Philippines 19 August 1974 47 44 nbsp Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974 48 45 nbsp Ireland 8 October 1974 49 46 nbsp Zambia 29 November 1974 50 47 nbsp Denmark 18 January 1975 51 48 nbsp Finland 21 February 1975 52 49 nbsp Cameroon 24 February 1975 53 50 nbsp Ecuador 9 June 1975 54 51 nbsp Venezuela 18 June 1975 55 52 nbsp Lesotho 8 July 1975 56 53 nbsp Gambia 9 July 1975 57 54 nbsp Niger 9 July 1975 57 55 nbsp Australia 30 August 1975 58 56 nbsp Mexico 12 September 1975 59 57 nbsp Thailand 12 December 1975 60 58 nbsp Qatar 1975 61 59 nbsp Colombia 1 January 1976 62 60 nbsp Mauritius 4 January 1976 63 61 nbsp Indonesia 19 April 1976 64 62 nbsp Portugal 20 June 1976 65 63 nbsp Greece 21 June 1976 66 64 nbsp Nepal 22 January 1977 67 65 nbsp Comoros 2 June 1977 68 66 nbsp Burkina Faso 16 January 1978 69 67 nbsp Maldives 15 March 1978 70 68 nbsp Chile 23 June 1978 71 69 nbsp Sri Lanka 19 July 1979 72 70 nbsp Uruguay 4 April 1980 73 71 nbsp Luxembourg 6 May 1980 74 72 nbsp South Korea 18 June 1980 75 73 nbsp Mali 18 August 1981 76 74 nbsp Ghana 25 August 1981 77 75 nbsp Djibouti 26 December 1981 78 76 nbsp Nigeria 20 January 1982 79 77 nbsp Kenya 5 June 1982 80 78 nbsp Sierra Leone 5 October 1982 81 79 nbsp Seychelles 18 December 1982 82 80 nbsp Malaysia 1983 83 81 nbsp China 1 November 1984 84 82 nbsp Singapore 15 May 1985 85 83 nbsp New Zealand 20 May 1985 86 84 nbsp Russia 13 November 1985 87 85 nbsp Benin 5 January 1986 88 86 nbsp Peru 17 June 1986 89 87 nbsp Bolivia 1 December 1986 88 nbsp Czech Republic 7 June 1988 90 nbsp State of Palestine 17 November 1988 91 89 nbsp Romania 1 August 1989 92 90 nbsp Hungary 2 August 1989 93 91 nbsp Poland 4 September 1989 94 92 nbsp Nicaragua 1 August 1991 93 nbsp Bulgaria 10 October 1991 95 94 nbsp Belize 10 December 1991 96 95 nbsp Brunei 28 May 1992 96 nbsp Albania 1 June 1992 97 97 nbsp Croatia 23 June 1992 98 98 nbsp Azerbaijan 1 September 1992 99 99 nbsp Kazakhstan 1 October 1992 100 100 nbsp Slovenia 15 October 1992 101 101 nbsp Ukraine 15 October 1992 102 102 nbsp Lithuania 16 October 1992 103 103 nbsp Belarus 20 October 1992 104 104 nbsp Georgia 20 October 1992 105 105 nbsp Uzbekistan 25 October 1992 106 106 nbsp Guatemala 15 December 1992 107 nbsp Slovakia 3 February 1993 107 108 nbsp Panama 9 March 1993 109 nbsp Ethiopia 5 May 1993 108 110 nbsp Eritrea 28 June 1993 109 111 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 August 1993 110 112 nbsp Vietnam 1 August 1993 111 113 nbsp South Africa 17 May 1994 112 114 nbsp Ivory Coast 30 May 1994 113 115 nbsp Cambodia 21 October 1994 116 nbsp Guyana 6 February 1995 117 nbsp Guinea 2 June 1995 114 118 nbsp Latvia 18 September 1995 115 119 nbsp Turkmenistan 10 October 1995 116 120 nbsp Tajikistan 19 December 1995 117 121 nbsp Moldova 21 December 1995 118 122 nbsp Rwanda 1995 119 123 nbsp Barbados 8 January 1996 120 124 nbsp Honduras 26 February 1996 121 125 nbsp Mongolia 1 April 1996 122 126 nbsp Mozambique 3 April 1996 123 127 nbsp North Macedonia 27 May 1996 124 128 nbsp Malawi 12 June 1996 125 129 nbsp Zimbabwe 24 June 1996 126 130 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 1 August 1996 127 131 nbsp Namibia 22 July 1996 132 nbsp Laos 15 October 1996 128 133 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 24 October 1997 134 nbsp Angola 11 December 1997 135 nbsp Armenia 25 June 1998 136 nbsp Suriname 7 October 1999 137 nbsp Cuba 18 March 2002 129 138 nbsp Iceland 17 September 2003 139 nbsp Eswatini 2 November 2005 130 140 nbsp Estonia 28 March 2006 141 nbsp Botswana 28 April 2006 131 142 nbsp Cape Verde July 2006 132 143 nbsp El Salvador 15 March 2007 144 nbsp Serbia 21 March 2007 145 nbsp Nauru 27 March 2007 146 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 4 May 2007 147 nbsp Republic of the Congo 21 May 2007 133 nbsp Holy See 30 May 2007 148 nbsp Cyprus 6 June 2007 149 nbsp Paraguay 13 July 2007 150 nbsp Tonga 13 July 2007 nbsp North Korea suspended 134 17 September 2007 151 nbsp Togo 6 December 2007 152 nbsp Uganda 2007 135 153 nbsp Montenegro 4 April 2008 154 nbsp Andorra 23 September 2008 155 nbsp Dominican Republic 12 November 2008 136 156 nbsp San Marino 28 January 2009 137 157 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 February 2009 158 nbsp Liberia 6 May 2009 138 159 nbsp Central African Republic 22 May 2009 160 nbsp Vanuatu 23 June 2009 161 nbsp Monaco 9 October 2009 162 nbsp Palau 16 October 2009 163 nbsp Haiti 21 October 2009 164 nbsp Liechtenstein 22 October 2009 165 nbsp East Timor 13 November 2009 166 nbsp Costa Rica 11 March 2010 167 nbsp Fiji 17 March 2010 168 nbsp Tuvalu 29 March 2010 nbsp Kosovo 27 April 2010 139 169 nbsp Solomon Islands 29 April 2010 170 nbsp Samoa 11 May 2010 171 nbsp Marshall Islands 3 June 2010 172 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 June 2010 173 nbsp Saint Lucia 29 November 2010 140 174 nbsp Jamaica 4 March 2011 175 nbsp Bahamas 2 May 2011 176 nbsp Bhutan 13 September 2012 177 nbsp Dominica 17 December 2014 178 nbsp South Sudan 23 June 2016 141 179 nbsp Federated States of Micronesia 8 September 2016 180 nbsp Madagascar 22 September 2016 181 nbsp Papua New Guinea 22 March 2017 182 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 November 2017 142 nbsp Cook Islands 5 August 2018 143 183 nbsp Israel 11 September 2020 144 184 nbsp Myanmar 9 November 2020 185 nbsp Equatorial Guinea Unknown 186 nbsp Gabon Unknown 187 nbsp Grenada Unknown 145 188 nbsp Guinea Bissau Unknown 189 nbsp Kiribati Unknown 190 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago Unknown 191 nbsp Yemen UnknownAfrica editCountry Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Algeria 6 July 1973 See Algeria United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1973 when UAE official open Embassy in Algiers 37 Algeria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Algiers nbsp Egypt 10 January 1972 severed diplomatic relations from 25 April 1979 Restored 11 November 1987 See Egypt United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1972 14 Since the establishment of The UAE in 1971 Egypt and the United Arab Emirates relations were always at a good level and developing at an unprecedented rate The bond of friendship between the leaders of both countries has reflected on the growing political economic and cultural ties between them as a result UAE ranks first among Arab and foreign countries investing in Egypt 146 The UAE and Egypt maintain a close economic ties and maintain trade between the two countries with imports and exports between the two sides nbsp Eritrea 28 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1993 109 Eritrea has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai 147 The United Arab Emirates has a military base in Assab nbsp Kenya 5 June 1982 See Kenya United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1982 Kenya has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nairobi nbsp Liberia 6 May 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 2009 138 Liberia has a Consulate General in Dubai Relations with The UAE are very good with multiple bilateral agreement signed in 2019 nbsp Libya 24 May 1972 The UAE maintains a forward operating base at the Al Khadim Airport near Marj 148 149 nbsp Senegal 23 July 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1973 38 The United Arab Emirates established an embassy in Dakar in March 2018 which was unveiled by Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan 150 The Abu Dhabi Fund for Development loaned Senegal 13 million to invest in rural solar energy 150 nbsp Somalia 29 November 1972 See Somalia United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1972 27 Somalia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi 151 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mogadishu 152 Americas editCountry Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Argentina 26 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1974 Argentina has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Buenos Aires nbsp Barbados 8 January 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1996 120 In 2022 the government of Barbados opened an embassy in Dubai 1 In 2023 the Government of Dubai signed a deal to operate the sole International airport in Barbados 2 nbsp Brazil 26 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1974 153 Brazil has an embassy in Abu Dhabi 154 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Brasilia 155 nbsp Canada 2 February 1974 See Canada United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1974 156 Canada has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai 157 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ottawa 158 nbsp Chile 23 June 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978 71 Chile has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Santiago nbsp Colombia 1 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1976 62 Colombia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bogota nbsp Mexico 12 September 1975 See Mexico United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1975 59 Mexico has an embassy in Abu Dhabi 159 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mexico City 160 nbsp Peru 17 June 1986 Main article Peru United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1986 89 Peru has a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Lima nbsp United States 20 March 1972 See United Arab Emirates United States relations The UAE s strategic relationship with the United States dates back to the 1990 invasion of Kuwait Subsequent to joining the military effort the two countries signed an agreement in late 1992 permitting the United States to use some UAE bases temporarily and to pre position supplies on UAE territory 161 Since 25 July 1994 a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement has been in place 162 Ten years later despite publicly opposing the US led war in Iraq the UAE permitted a minimal amount of US forces to support the operation from the Al Dhafra air base Jebel Ali and naval facilities at Fujairah Enhancing security relations has been a US arms sale in March 2000 to the Emirates valued at 8 billion and included over 2 billion worth of weapons munitions and services 163 A nuclear deal was signed between the US and the UAE meant to supply nuclear technology expertise and fuel Despite international opposition to neighboring Iran s nuclear developments the US is confident of the UAE s compliance with the Nuclear Non proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to refrain from enriching uranium and extracting plutonium 164 It firmly believes this agreement has the potential to usher in an era of responsible nuclear energy development throughout the Middle East 165 Commercially the UAE is also the States largest export market in the Middle East constituting 11 6 billion in exports annually In March 2005 the US opened negotiations on a free trade agreement and despite intermittent depreciation of currencies in the Persian Gulf area the UAE dirham remains pegged to the dollar 166 The two countries have also maintained close ties through an exchange of cultural and educational partnerships which include the Guggenheim Museum and a number of American Universities opening campuses in the Emirates 167 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Washington DC and a consulate general in Boston Los Angeles and New York City 168 The United States has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai 169 Asia editCountry Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Afghanistan 6 April 1973 See Afghanistan United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1973 34 Afghanistan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kabul nbsp Armenia 25 June 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1998 Armenia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Yerevan nbsp Azerbaijan 1 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1992 99 The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on December 26 1991 Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Baku nbsp Bahrain 1971 See Bahrain United Arab Emirates relations Bahrain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Manama nbsp China 1 November 1984 See China United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1984 84 Over the years the relations between the UAE and China intensified causing increasing issues with an important western ally the US From the Chinese technology to crude oil and to COVID 19 vaccine the Emirates began to expand its reliance on China 170 In 2021 the US raised multiple warnings for the Emirates to move back in its growing relations with China The Biden administration pushed the Emirates to abandon Huawei s telecommunication network which was a potential threat to a crucial deal of F 35 fighter jet and other military equipment between the UAE and US 171 The US also warned the Emirates of a military facility that was secretly being built by China at a port near Abu Dhabi The US intelligence warnings and multiple trips by the American officials to the UAE let to a halt in the construction of the facility 172 China has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Beijing and consulates general in Hong Kong and Shanghai The UAE and China have been strong international allies with significant cooperation across economic political and cultural aspects 173 174 175 176 nbsp India 23 February 1972 See India United Arab Emirates relations UAE enjoys close economic and cultural relations with India Close maritime contact between India and the Arabian Peninsula date back to 3rd and 2nd millennium BC 177 and textile and spice trade between the two countries flourished during most of 1st millennium AD 178 The discovery of oil allowed the UAE to increase and diversify its trade relations with India UAE and India are each other s main trading partners The trade totals over 75 billion AED275 25 billion 179 During the first half of 2010 non oil trade between India and the UAE stood at US 20 4 billion 180 UAE is home to more than 3 million Indian expatriates making Indians the largest ethnic group in the nation 181 India has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in New Delhi nbsp Indonesia 1976 See Indonesia United Arab Emirates relations The diplomatic relations between Indonesia and United Arab Emirates are friendly and cordial since they were established in 1976 Both Muslim majority countries they each recognize the other s important role its respective region Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta Both countries are partners in multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization WTO The Non Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC Indonesia uses the UAE as the main gate to enter the Persian Gulf and Middle East market Indonesia s export to UAE is the largest in the Middle East Indonesian Government has established the trade and investment representative office to promote its products in United Arab Emirates and the entire Middle East region nbsp Iran 28 October 1972 See Iran United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1972 25 Iran has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Tehran The embassy is administered by a Charges d affaires en pied 182 Iran and United Arab Emirates both claims three islands in the Persian Gulf Abu Musa Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb nbsp Iraq 1971 See Iraq United Arab Emirates relations The 1990 Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait were a shock to the UAE 161 For the UAE the crisis over Kuwait demonstrated a lack of Arab unity on a critical Arab issue 161 The UAE joined the Arab states that opposed the Iraqi invasion and supported the use of force to compel Iraq s withdrawal of troops from Kuwait 161 Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq the UAE opposed the US led invasion In June 2008 the Iraqi government announced that the United Arab Emirates would send an ambassador to Baghdad within a few days This would become the first Arab ambassador in Iraq since the kidnapping and murder of the Egyptian Ambassador Ihab el Sherif in July 2005 This announcement was made during a surprise visit by the United Arab Emirates Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan to Baghdad on 5 June 2008 This marked the first time a high ranking official from a Gulf state visited Iraq since March 2003 183 184 On 31 July 2007 following Iraq victory of the Asian Cup Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum vice president and prime minister of the UAE awarded the Iraq national football team 20 million Dhs 5 2 million for capturing the Asian Cup for the first time in the country s history 185 nbsp Israel 15 September 2020 See Israel United Arab Emirates relations Israel has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Tel Aviv The Abraham Agreement has opened a new window of opportunity for normalization between Israel and the UAE However some analysts such as Salem Al Ketbi reject zero sum arguments and suggest that relations with Israel and Iran do not preclude each other 186 As a response to the 2023 Israel Hamas War the UAE condemned Hamas for its serious and grave escalation and its hostage taking 187 nbsp Jordan 1972 Jordan was the first country to recognize UAE after forming the union in 1971 The first commander in Chief in the UAE military was Jordanian and the first commander in Zayed Military college was Jordanian as well Making Jordan effectively one of a key partners of forming the UAE 188 The relationship between UAE and Jordan dates to the 1950s before UAE gain independence and form the union Jordan at the time used to aid UAE with educational military and health care missions when UAE was still a barren desert 189 nbsp Kuwait 8 March 1972 See Kuwait United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1972 17 Kuwait has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuwait City nbsp Malaysia 11 September 1974 See Malaysia United Arab Emirates relations The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi 190 The countries established diplomatic relations in 1983 83 In 2005 Malaysia s export to the UAE stood at Dh7 billion Main export items were gold and jewellery wood products furniture and parts palm oil petroleum products and electrical appliances In 2007 trade between Malaysia and UAE was worth MYR 14 56 billion making UAE Malaysia s largest trading partner in West Asia as well as Malaysia being the 10th largest exporter to UAE 191 In 2009 Malaysian ambassador Datuk Yahaya Abdul Jabar said total trade between Malaysia and UAE from January to November stood at RM19 5 billion Malaysia s main exports to the UAE are jewellery consumer electronics and palm oil 192 nbsp Oman 1 April 1973 See Oman United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973 33 Oman has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Muscat nbsp Pakistan 13 January 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1972 15 See Pakistan United Arab Emirates relationsPakistan and the UAE are very close allies with extremely close relations based on cultural affinities and shared faith These relations date back to the UAE s formation in 1971 and have since developed into wide ranging co operation in various fields UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan 193 Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan in the Punjab province of Pakistan is an example of UAE s economic assistance as the late president and the founder of the UAE Sheikh Zayed donated the airport to the government of Pakistan UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan s major economic and trading partners A large number of Pakistani expatriates numbering nearly 1 2 million are gainfully employed in UAE citation needed nbsp Qatar 1975 See Qatar United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1975 61 The UAE alongside multiple Middle Eastern and African countries cut diplomatic ties with Qatar in June 2017 due to allegations of Qatar being a state sponsor of terrorism resulting in the Qatar diplomatic crisis Ties were restored in January 2021 194 In June 2023 both countries reopened their embassies and appointed ambassadors in July and August 195 196 nbsp Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974 See Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1974 48 Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate general in Jeddah nbsp South Korea 18 June 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1980 75 South Korea has an embassy Abu Dhabi 197 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Seoul nbsp Sri Lanka 19 July 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1979 72 See Sri Lanka United Arab Emirates relations Sri Lanka has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Colombo nbsp Syria 19 January 1972 See Syria United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972 16 The UAE has an embassy in Damascus Syria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai Both countries are members of the Arab League On 18 March 2022 Bashar al Assad visited the UAE for the first time since 2011 He met Dubai s Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and the UAE President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan for the peace deal The US fully opposed the relations building between the UAE and Syria Despite the US opposition the UAE was still building relation with Syria On 19 March 2023 Assad visited the UAE again with his wife Asma al Assad 198 nbsp Thailand 12 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975 60 Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok nbsp Turkey 21 March 1973 See Turkey United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1973 32 Turkey has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul nbsp Vietnam 1 August 1993 See United Arab Emirates Vietnam relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1993 111 Vietnam has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Hanoi nbsp Yemen See United Arab Emirates Yemen relations The UAE and Yemen have a complex and strained relationship as the UAE has played a significant role in regional politics in Yemen and has at various points been an adversary of the country as the UAE s involvement in Yemen for example the United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra and its support for the Southern Transitional Council a secessionist organization in Southern Yemen has been a source of tension between the two countries and has contributed to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the country Furthermore the UAE has been involved in other efforts in Yemen that have been controversial The country has been accused of backing local militias and separatist groups that have sought to gain more autonomy or independence from the central government Some critics have accused the UAE of using these groups to further its own interests in the region rather than working towards a broader peace and stability in Yemen Europe editCountry Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Austria 10 March 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974 45 Austria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Vienna nbsp Cyprus 6 June 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2007 199 Cyprus has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nicosia nbsp Denmark 18 January 1975 See Denmark United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1975 51 Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm Sweden nbsp Finland 21 February 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1975 52 Finland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Helsinki nbsp France 5 January 1972 See France United Arab Emirates relations The UAE s relationship with France has been strategically important as it negotiated a defence cooperation agreement and remains one of the country s primary providers of military material 200 France and the UAE have signed a defence cooperation agreement in order to diversity its procurement from solely the US 200 Culturally as the Sorbonne and Louvre are both establishing extensions in the UAE 201 a plan is in the works to recreate a miniature Lyon city in Dubai complete with public squares restaurants and museums 202 On 25 May 2009 the French president Nicolas Sarkozy visited the UAE Abu Dhabi where he along with UAE s president Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan formally opened a French military base in the United Arab Emirates This would become France s first permanent base in the Persian Gulf hosting up to 500 French troops 203 In addition to the inauguration of Peace Camp Nicolas Sarkozy visited the site of a Louvre Museum branch which France is opening in the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan Minister of Foreign Affairs said that the co operation with France is a top priority for the UAE s foreign policy 204 nbsp Germany 17 May 1972 See Germany United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1972 21 German exports amount to 5 84 billion Euros 205 German companies significantly contribute to the UAE s ongoing infrastructure projects and play a leading role in the country s alternative energy developments 206 Consequently German Business Park an area designed to house several of the already seven hundred present companies and their logistical needs is in the midst of construction 207 nbsp Ireland 8 October 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1974 49 Ireland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Dublin nbsp Kosovo 14 October 2008 208 209 See Kosovo United Arab Emirates relations Kosovo has an embassy in Abu Dhabi 210 211 The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Kosovo from its embassy in Ankara Turkey nbsp Netherlands 6 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1972 20 The Netherlands has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in The Hague nbsp Poland 4 September 1989 See Poland United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1989 94 Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw nbsp Romania 1 August 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1989 92 nbsp Russia 13 November 1985 See Russia United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1985 Russia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Moscow nbsp Serbia 21 March 2007 See Serbia United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007 Serbia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade nbsp Spain 10 November 1972 See Spain United Arab Emirates relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1972 Spain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a commercial office in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Madrid nbsp Ukraine 15 October 1992 Both countries established diplomatic reations on 15 October 1992 102 Ukraine has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kyiv When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022 the UAE abstained in a U N Security Council vote to condemn Russia s invasion 212 The UAE later condemned Russia in a U N General Assembly vote 213 nbsp United Kingdom 6 December 1971 See United Arab Emirates United Kingdom relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971 when first British Ambassador Mr C J Treadwell presented his credentials to President of United Arab Emirates 5 The United Kingdom has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The British Council maintains offices in Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah 214 The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in London Oceania editCountry Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Australia 16 March 1975 See Australia United Arab Emirates relations Australia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Canberra nbsp New Zealand 20 May 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1985 86 New Zealand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Wellington Territorial disputes editSee also Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf Location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final de facto boundary reflects 1974 agreement no defined boundary with most of Oman but Administrative Line in far north UAE claims two islands through the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the Persian Gulf that are currently controlled by Iran Lesser Tunb called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh ye Tonb e Kuchak in Persian by Iran and Greater Tunb called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh ye Tonb e Bozorg in Persian by Iran UAE claims an island through the Emirate of Sharjah in the Persian Gulf that is currently administered by Iran called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992 including access restrictions and a military build up on the island See also editList of diplomatic missions in the United Arab Emirates List of diplomatic missions of the United Arab Emirates Visa requirements for Emirati citizens Expatriates in the United Arab EmiratesReferences edit Emirats arabes unis Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 Retrieved 14 February 2011 Global Ranking Visa Restriction Index 2017 PDF Henley amp Partners Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2017 Khaleej Times UAE passport inches upwards on Henley Passport Index Archived from the original on 17 April 2019 Retrieved 17 April 2019 Diplomatic relations between United Arab Emirates and United Nations Digital Library Retrieved 10 April 2024 a b 50 Years The Formation of the United Arab Emirates agda ae Retrieved 13 September 2023 Today we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Belgium and the UAE Embassy of Belgium in Abu Dhabi 8 December 2021 Retrieved 23 April 2024 Bilateral Relationship The Embassy of the United Arab Emirates to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Retrieved 25 December 2023 UAE Embassy in Khartoum Bilateral Relationship www mofa gov ae Retrieved 10 December 2023 Bilateral relations Archived from the original on 5 May 2012 Retrieved 15 May 2023 UAE s approach to Iraq Al Bayan Center Retrieved 10 April 2024 UAE Embassy in Rome Bilateral Relationship www mofa gov ae Retrieved 9 December 2023 Annee 1972 Index chronologique des documents interessant le droit et les relations internationales parus a la Documentation francaise p 1274 persee fr in French Retrieved 28 April 2023 PM Modi s UAE visit in Jan marks 50 years of diplomatic ties deepen partnership Hindustan Times 27 December 2021 Retrieved 24 April 2024 a b News Review on West Asia Page 13 Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses 1972 a b News Review on West Asia Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses 1972 p 13 a b ARR Arab Report and Record Page 38 Economic Features Limited 1972 a b Today in Kuwait s History Kuwait News Agency KUNA Retrieved 11 May 2023 A Guide to 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