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Foreign relations of Belgium

January 01, 1970

Belgium is a country in Europe and member of major international organizations like the European Union and NATO which are both headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.

As a federal state, the Communities and Regions have their own foreign relations and are able to conclude treaties themselves.

Initial neutrality edit

Because of its location at the crossroads of Western Europe, Belgium has historically been the route of invading armies from its larger neighbours. With virtually defenceless borders, Belgium has traditionally sought to avoid domination by the more powerful nations which surround it through a policy of mediation. The Concert of Europe sanctioned the creation of Belgium in 1831 on the condition that the country remain strictly neutral.

This policy of neutrality ended after the experience of German occupation during World War I. In the years preceding World War II, Belgium tried to return to a policy of neutrality, but once again, Germany invaded the country. In 1948, Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels with the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and one year later became one of the founding members of the Atlantic Alliance.

Belgium's federalism and international relations edit

A peculiar feature of Belgian federalism is the fact that the country's Communities and Regions maintain their own international relations, including the conclusion of treaties. Thus, there are a number of bilateral Dutch-Flemish international institutions, such as the Dutch Language Union or the institutions for the control of the river Scheldt, in which only Flanders takes part. Likewise, only the French Community of Belgium takes part in La Francophonie. For instance, UNV's Online Volunteering service received a financial contribution from the Federal Public Service (FPS) Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of the Kingdom of Belgium for the years 2013 and 2014 to support the outreach to the francophone world and the promotion of volunteerism.[1]

International disputes edit

Belgium has resorted several times to international dispute settlement, notably in cases at both the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration with the Netherlands concerning the diversion of water from the Meuse (1937) the frontier at the enclave of Baarle-Hertog (1959) and the revitalisation of the so-called Iron Rhine railroad (2005). There have been other points of contention with the Netherlands, such as the deepening of the river Scheldt or the route for the high-speed rail link between Brussels and Amsterdam. This does however not influence the overall amicable character of Belgo-Dutch relationship.

Other former cases at international courts between Belgium and other countries are — in chronological order — the Oscar Chinn Case of 1934 (with the United Kingdom, the Borghgrave Case of 1937 (with Spain), the cases of the electricity company of Sofia of 1939 (with Bulgaria), the case of the "société commerciale de Belgique" of 1939 (with Greece), the case concerning the Barcelona Traction Company of 1970 (with Spain), the arrest warrant case of 2002 (with the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the case concerning legality of use of force of 2004 (with Serbia and Montenegro).

The arrest warrant case of 2002 was caused by the application of Belgium's so called genocide law, providing for universal jurisdiction over the gravest international crimes. The same law stirred relations with, amongst others, Israel and the United States, since complaints were filed against high-ranking politicians and officials of both countries. The law was therefore repealed in 2003.

Diplomatic relations edit

List of countries which Belgium maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   Mexico 15 June 1827[2]
2   United Kingdom 1 December 1830[3]
3   France August 1831[4]
4   United States 6 January 1832[5]
—   Holy See 17 July 1834[6]
5   Brazil 22 September 1834[7]
6   Portugal July 1834[8]
7   Sweden 23 February 1837[9]
8   Denmark 25 February 1837[10]
9   Greece 30 November 1838[11]
10   Netherlands 3 August 1839[12]
11   Guatemala 1841[13]
12    Switzerland 30 September 1845[14]
13   Peru 16 May 1850[15]
14   Bolivia 27 September 1850[16]
15   Italy 24 February 1851[17]
16   Uruguay 16 September 1853[18]
17   Russia 1853[19]
18   Honduras 27 March 1858[20]
19   Nicaragua 18 May 1858[21]
20   Costa Rica 26 July 1858[22]
21   Chile 31 August 1858[23]
22   Argentina 3 March 1860[24]
23   Japan 1 August 1866[25]
24   Liberia 5 June 1867[26]
25   Colombia 1873[27]
26   Bulgaria 11 December 1879[28]
27   Romania 29 March 1880[29]
28   Venezuela 21 April 1880[30]
29   Thailand 21 July 1883[31]
30   Serbia 15 March 1886[32]
31   El Salvador 1 July 1890[33]
32   Dominican Republic 10 April 1891[34]
33   Luxembourg 18 April 1892[35]
34   Paraguay 15 February 1894[36]
35   Iran 18 November 1889[37]
36   Haiti 15 January 1902[38]
37   Cuba 18 August 1902[39]
38   Norway 14 November 1905[40]
39   Panama 15 February 1908[41]
40   Poland 6 March 1919[42]
41   Finland 9 July 1919[43]
42   Czech Republic 21 September 1919[44]
43   Spain 21 January 1921[45]
44   Hungary 20 February 1922[46]
45   Egypt 10 May 1922[47]
46   Afghanistan 26 February 1923[48]
47   Ethiopia 25 March 1923[49]
48   Turkey 1 January 1924[50]
49   Monaco 2 October 1931[51]
50   Ireland 7 September 1932[52]
51   South Africa 28 August 1933[53]
52   Canada 3 January 1939[54]
53   Lebanon 25 November 1944[55]
54   Iceland 9 November 1945[56]
55   Syria 20 March 1946[57]
56   Philippines 4 July 1946[58]
57   Iraq 5 December 1946[59]
58   Austria 17 April 1947[60]
59   Jordan 4 May 1947[61]
60   India 20 September 1947[62]
61   Australia 10 October 1947[63]
62   New Zealand 27 November 1947[64]
63   Pakistan 20 February 1948[65]
64   Indonesia 3 October 1949[66]
65   Israel 15 January 1950[67]
66   Germany 27 June 1951[68]
67   Sri Lanka 27 July 1953[69]
68   Myanmar 1953[70]
69   Saudi Arabia 10 April 1955[71]
70   Libya 15 May 1956[72]
71   Morocco 30 July 1956[73]
72   Sudan 23 July 1956[74]
73   Malaysia 1957[75]
74   Ghana 2 October 1959[76]
75   Guinea 28 January 1960[77]
76   Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 July 1960[78]
77   Somalia 5 July 1960[79]
78   Gabon 3 October 1960[38]
79   Cyprus 1960[80]
80   Benin 3 January 1961[81]
81   Senegal 1 February 1961[82]
82   Nigeria 4 February 1961[83]
83   Ivory Coast 15 March 1961[84]
84   Mauritania 13 April 1961[85]
85   South Korea 2 May 1961[86]
86   Chad 27 June 1961[87]
87   Sierra Leone 12 July 1961[88]
88   Niger 22 September 1961[89]
89   Burkina Faso 17 October 1961[90]
90   Republic of the Congo 20 February 1962[91]
91   Cameroon 14 March 1962[92]
92   Burundi 18 July 1962[93]
93   Rwanda 18 July 1962[94]
94   Tanzania 21 August 1962[95]
95   Algeria 11 December 1962[96]
96   Tunisia 1962[97]
97   Central African Republic 13 June 1963[98]
98   Mali 1 August 1963[99]
99     Nepal 19 August 1963[100]
100   Kuwait 8 April 1964[101]
101   Kenya 29 April 1964[102]
102   Madagascar 15 July 1964[103]
103   Zambia 6 December 1964[104]
104   Uganda 1964[105]
105   Malta June 1965[106]
106   Togo 29 November 1965[107]
107   Malawi 28 January 1966[108]
108   Gambia 7 February 1966[109]
109   Singapore 10 October 1966[110]
110   Jamaica 25 July 1967[111]
111   Botswana 24 August 1967[112]
112   Lesotho 24 August 1967[112]
113   Cambodia 19 October 1967[113]
114   Laos 12 December 1967[114]
115   Mauritius 1968[115]
116   Eswatini 14 November 1969[116]
117   Trinidad and Tobago 10 May 1970[117]
118   Barbados 30 October 1970[118]
119   Albania 13 November 1970[119]
120   Guyana 10 June 1971[120]
121   Mongolia 8 July 1971[121]
122   Tonga 16 August 1971[122]
123   China 25 October 1971[123]
124   United Arab Emirates 8 December 1971[124]
125   Fiji September 1972[125]
126   Vietnam 22 March 1973[126]
127   Bangladesh 15 May 1973[127]
128   Samoa May 1973[128]
129   Qatar 21 November 1973[129]
130   Bahamas 12 December 1973[130]
131   Oman 22 May 1974[131]
132   Nauru 4 July 1975[132]
133   Mozambique 5 December 1975[133]
134   Seychelles 1 July 1976[134]
135   Papua New Guinea 16 September 1976[135]
136   Suriname 1 October 1976[136]
137   Angola 15 October 1976[137]
138   Comoros 15 November 1976[138]
139   Cape Verde 12 July 1977[139]
140   Guinea-Bissau 2 August 1977[140]
141   Maldives 3 October 1977[141]
142   Djibouti 19 June 1978[142]
143   Solomon Islands 28 February 1979[143]
144   Zimbabwe 24 April 1980[144]
145   Bahrain 2 December 1980[145]
146   Dominica 1980[146]
147   Saint Lucia 1980[147]
148   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1980[148]
149   Vanuatu 10 June 1981[149]
150   Belize 1982[150]
151   Brunei 3 May 1984[151]
152   San Marino 26 March 1985[152]
153   Antigua and Barbuda 30 October 1985[150]
154   São Tomé and Príncipe 1986[153]
155   Namibia 21 September 1990[154]
156   Estonia 5 September 1991[155]
157   Latvia 5 September 1991[156]
158   Lithuania 5 September 1991[157]
159   Slovenia 5 March 1992[158]
160   Armenia 10 March 1992[159]
161   Belarus 10 March 1992[160]
162   Ukraine 10 March 1992[161]
163   Uzbekistan 10 March 1992[162]
164   Moldova 11 March 1992[163]
165   Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992[164]
166   Tajikistan 29 April 1992[165]
167   Georgia 5 June 1992[166]
168   Azerbaijan 17 June 1992[167]
169   Kazakhstan 18 August 1992[168]
170   Croatia 25 September 1992[169]
171   Slovakia 1 January 1993[170]
172   Turkmenistan 1 February 1993[171]
173   North Macedonia 14 February 1994[172]
174   Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 March 1994[173]
175   Eritrea 31 March 1994[174]
176   Andorra 15 December 1994[175]
177   Marshall Islands 29 May 1996[176]
178   Liechtenstein 25 September 1996[177]
179   Federated States of Micronesia 28 October 1996[178]
180   North Korea 23 December 2000[179]
181   East Timor 3 February 2003[180]
—   Cook Islands 6 April 2005[181]
182   Montenegro 25 June 2006[182]
—   Kosovo 10 April 2008[183]
183   Bhutan 21 January 2009[184]
184   Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 August 2009[185]
185   Palau 18 May 2010[186]
186   South Sudan 14 October 2011[187]
187   Ecuador Unknown
188   Equatorial Guinea Unknown
189   Grenada Unknown
190   Kiribati Unknown
191   Tuvalu Unknown
192   Yemen Unknown

Relationship with countries edit

Africa edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Congo-Kinshasa 2 July 1960 See Belgium–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 2 July 1960 when establishment of the Belgian diplomatic mission in Leopoldville and Jean Van den Bosch becomes the Belgian ambassador.[188]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Kinshasa and a consulate-general in Lubumbashi.
  • Congo-Kinshasa has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate-general in Antwerp.
  Eritrea
  • Belgium recognised Eritrea as an independent country on 14 June 1993.[189]
  South Sudan 14 October 2011 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 October 2011.[190]
  • Belgium recognised South Sudan as an independent country on 1 December 2011.[191]

Americas edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Canada 3 January 1939 See Belgium–Canada relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 3 January 1939.[192]

  Cuba 18 August 1902

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 August 1902.[193]

In 1837, Belgian negotiating sale right ownership of Cuba from Spanish government.[194]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Brussels.
  Mexico 19 November 1839 See Belgium–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 19 November 1839.[15]

In 1836, Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico.[195] In 1919, the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established.[195] Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on 5 June 1954.[196]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Brussels.
  Peru 16 May 1850 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 May 1850.[15]
Main article: Belgium–Peru relations
  • Belgium has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
  United States 9 February 1832 See Belgium–United States relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 9 February 1832 when has been accredited Minister Resident of Belgium to United States with residence in Washington baron D. Behr.[197]

The United States and Belgium are good friends and allies, despite occasional disagreements on a limited number of foreign policy issues. Good will and affection for Americans continues as a result of the U.S. role during and after the two World Wars, which was exhibited in 2004 during the 60th anniversary commemorations of the Battle of the Bulge and the liberation of Belgium. Continuing to celebrate cooperative U.S. and Belgian relations, 2007 marks the 175th anniversary of the nations' relationship.

  Uruguay 26 September 1852 See Belgium–Uruguay relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 26 September 1852 when M. Joseph Lannoy has been appointed as Minister Resident of Belgium to Uruguay with Residence in Rio-de-Janeiro.[198]

  • Belgium is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Brussels.

Asia edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Armenia 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992.[199]
  • Belgium recognised Armenia as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  • Armenia has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Belgium is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
  • Belgium has recognized the Armenian genocide in 1998.
  Azerbaijan 17 June 1992 See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 17 June 1992.[201]

  China 25 October 1971 See Belgium–China relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 25 October 1971.[202]

  Georgia 5 June 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 5 June 1992.[203]
  • Belgium recognised Georgia as an independent country on 23 March 1992.[204]
  • Belgium is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan
  • Georgia has an embassy in Brussels
  India 20 September 1947 See Belgium–India relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 20 September 1947 when Prince Eugene de Ligne presented his credentials as the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Belgium to India.[205]

  • Belgium has an embassy in New Delhi and consualates-general in Chennai and Mumbai.
  • India has an embassy in Brussels.
  Indonesia 14 June 1950 See Belgium–Indonesia relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 14 June 1950 when Consulate General of Belgium in Jakarta has been elevated to rang Legation and M. P. Vanderstichelen appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Indonesia.[206]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Brussels.
  Israel See Belgium–Israel relations
  • On 29 November 1947, Belgium voted in favour of UN resolution 181.
  • Belgium recognised Israel on 15 January 1950.
  • Belgium has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has an embassy in Brussels.
  • There are approximately 31,200 Jews living in Belgium.
  Japan 1 August 1866 See Belgium–Japan relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 1 August 1866.[207]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Brussels.
  Kazakhstan 25 August 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 25 August 1992.[208]
  • Belgium recognised Kazakhstan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Brussels.
  Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992 See Belgium–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 25 March 1992.[209]

  • Belgium recognised Kyrgyzstan as an independent country effective from 20 januari 1992.[200]
  Malaysia 12 December 1957 See Belgium–Malaysia relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 12 December 1957.[210]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Brussels.
  Pakistan 20 February 1948 See Belgium–Pakistan relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 20 February 1948.[211]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Brussels.

Former Pakistani president, Pervez Musharraf, has also previously extended a visit to Belgium during his tour of Europe in early 2008, which also included visits to the United Kingdom, France and Sweden. During his stay in Brussels, he met the then-Prime Minister of Belgium, Guy Verhofstadt, and the two leaders held significant talks on trade and defence co-operation. [citation needed]

  Philippines 18 May 1949 See Belgium–Philippines relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 May 1949.[212]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Brussels.
  South Korea 2 May 1961 See Belgium–South Korea relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 2 May 1961.[213]

  Turkey 4 April 1838 See Belgium–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 4 April 1838 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Turkey baron O'Sullivan de Grass.[217]

  Turkmenistan 1 February 1993 See Belgium–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 1 February 1993.[218]

  • Belgium recognised Turkmenistan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  Uzbekistan 10 March 1992 See Belgium–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992.[219]

  • Belgium recognised Uzbekistan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]

Europe edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Andorra 15 December 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 15 December 1994.[220]
  • Belgium has recognised Andorra as an independent country on 2 December 1993, effective from 28 July 1993.[204]
  • Andorra has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Belgium is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
  Belarus 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992.[221]
  • Belgium recognised Belarus as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 March 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 3 March 1994.[222]
  • Belgium recognised Bosnia as an independent country on 10 April 1992.[204]
  Bulgaria 11 December 1879 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 December 1879.[223]
  Croatia 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992.[226]
  • Belgium recognised Croatia as an independent country effective from 15 January 1992.[200]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Czech Republic 3 June 1919 Belgium and Czechoslovakia established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1919.[227]
  • Belgium recognised the independence of Czechia on 16 February 1993, effective from 1 January 1993.[228]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Prague.
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  Denmark 25 February 1837 See Belgium–Denmark relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 25 February 1837 when has been accredited chargé d'affaires of Belgium to Denmark baron T. van der Straten-Ponthoz[229][230]

  Estonia 26 January 1921 Diplomatic relations were established first time on 21 January 1921. Diplomatic relations re-established on 5 September 1991.[231]
  • Belgium first recognised the independence of Estonia on 26 January 1921.
  • After the end of the Soviet occupation, Belgium re-recognised Estonia on 27 August 1991.
  • Belgium is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  Finland 9 July 1919 Diplomatic relations were established on 9 July 1919.[232]
  • Belgium recognised Finland's independence on 10 June 1919.
  • Belgium has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Finland has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  France 8 March 1831 See Belgium–France relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 8 March 1831 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to France Comte C. Le Hon.[12]

  Germany See Belgium–Germany relations

They are both members of the European Union and NATO. Also, the majority of the people in East Belgium speak German.

  • Belgium has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has one embassy in Brussels.
  Greece 30 November 1838 See Belgium–Greece relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 30 November 1838 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Belgium to Greece M. Benjamin Mary.[12]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Athens.
  • Since 1945, Greece has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, of the European Union.
  • There are between 15,000 and 26,000 Greeks who live in Belgium.
  Holy See 21 July 1832 Diplomatic relations were established on 21 July 1832 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Roman states and Italian states (Holy See) Viscount Vilain XIIII.[233]
  • Belgium has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Brussels.
  Iceland 9 November 1945 Diplomatic relations were established on 9 November 1945.[234]
  • Belgium is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
  • Iceland has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  Ireland 7 September 1932 Diplomatic relations were established on 7 September 1932 when has been established Legation of Ireland in Belgium (Brussels). It was raised into an embassy 9 January 1959.[235]
  Italy 24 February 1851 Diplomatic relations were established on 24 February 1851 when has been appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Belgium Alberto Lupi Di Montalto.[236]
  Kosovo 23 April 2008 See Belgium–Kosovo relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 23 April 2008.[237]

  Latvia 26 January 1921 Diplomatic relations were established on 26 January 1921.[240] Diplomatic relations re-established on 5 September 1991.[241]
  Lithuania 27 December 1922 Diplomatic relations were established first time on 27 December 1922.Diplomatic relations re-established on 5 September 1991.[242]
  Luxembourg 9 July 1892 See Belgium–Luxembourg relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 9 July 1892.[243]

  Malta June 1965 Diplomatic relations were established in June 1965.[244]
  • Belgium is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Malta has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
  Moldova 11 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 March 1992.[245]
  • Belgium recognised Moldova as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  • Moldova has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Belgium is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
  Monaco 2 October 1931 Diplomatic relations were established on 2 October 1931.[246]
  • Belgium is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.
  • Monaco has an embassy in Brussels.
  Montenegro 25 July 2006 Diplomatic relations were established on 25 July 2006.[247]
  • Belgium recognised Montenegro as an independent country on 23 June 2006.[248]
  • Belgium is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and NATO.
  • Belgium is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
  Netherlands 3 August 1839 See Belgium–Netherlands relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 3 August 1839 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to the Netherlands Prince J. De Chimay.[12]

  • Belgium has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate-general in Antwerp.
  • Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO.
  North Macedonia 14 February 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 February 1994.[249]
  • Belgium recognised North Macedonia as an independent country on 12 October 1993.[250]
  Norway 14 November 1905 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 November 1905.[251]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  Poland 6 March 1919 Diplomatic relations were established on 6 March 1919.[252]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Portugal 20 February 1834 Diplomatic relations were established on 20 February 1834 when has been accredited chargé d'affaires of Belgium to Portugal C. Serruys.[253]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Romania 29 March 1880 Diplomatic relations were established on 29 March 1880.[254]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Russia 11 April 1853 See Belgium–Russia relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 11 April 1853.[255]

  Serbia 15 March 1886
  Slovakia 1 January 1993 Diplomatic relations were established on 1 January 1993.[257]
  • Belgium recognised Slovakia as an independent country on 16 February 1993, effectvie from 1 January 1993.[228]
  Slovenia 5 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 5 March 1992.[258]

Belgium recognised Slovenia as an independent country effective from 15 January 1992.[200]

  • Belgium is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  Spain 18 September 1832 See Belgium–Spain relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 18 September 1832 when has been accredited chargé d'affaires of Belgium to Spain J.-B. Kaufmann.[259]

  • Belgium has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Sweden 23 February 1837 Diplomatic relations were established on 23 February 1837 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Belgium to Sweden baron T. Vander Straten Ponthoz.[260]
  Ukraine 10 March 1992 See Belgium–Ukraine relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992.[261]

Although politically the two nations are not closely connected, they have a long history of economic integration and trade, with Belgian investment playing a role in the contemporary Ukrainian economy. As of 2008, trade revenue generated between the two nations accounted for approximately US$1 billion.[262]

  • Belgium recognised Ukraine as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991.[200]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Brussels.
  United Kingdom 1 December 1830 See Belgium–United Kingdom relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 1 December 1830 when John Ponsonby has been appointed as special mission to provisional government.[263]

Historically, the two countries have trading links going back to the 10th century, especially wool trade from England to the County of Flanders. In the early years of the Hundred Years' War, Edward III allied with the nobles of the Low Countries and the burghers of Flanders against France.

  • Belgium has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.

Oceania edit

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Australia 10 October 1947 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 October 1947.[264]

Protocol edit

The kingdom of Belgium recognises 4 types of incoming visits in Belgium. They are ranked in precedence and protocol.[265]

  1. The State Visit, formal invitations by the King of the Belgians.
  2. The Official Visit, invitation by the Belgian Prime minister.
  3. The Working Visit, invitation by an ambassador, the cost is not paid by the Belgian state.
    1. Cordial visits.
    2. Visits of courtoisie
    3. Visits to international Organisations
  4. The Private Visit, at own initiative, Belgian authorities only provide security if requested.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ UNV Online Volunteering service, Partners
  2. ^ Estudios monográficos. Dirección General de Documentación e Informe Presidencial. 1973. p. 130.
  3. ^ Haydn, Joseph Timothy (1851). Beatson's Political index modernised. The book of dignities; containing rolls of the official personages of the British empire, together with the sovereigns of Europe, the peerage of England and of Great Britain; and numerous other lists. pp. 76–79.
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January 01, 1970
foreign, relations, belgium, belgium, country, europe, member, major, international, organizations, like, european, union, nato, which, both, headquartered, brussels, belgium, federal, state, communities, regions, have, their, foreign, relations, able, conclud. Belgium is a country in Europe and member of major international organizations like the European Union and NATO which are both headquartered in Brussels Belgium As a federal state the Communities and Regions have their own foreign relations and are able to conclude treaties themselves Contents 1 Initial neutrality 2 Belgium s federalism and international relations 3 International disputes 4 Diplomatic relations 5 Relationship with countries 5 1 Africa 5 2 Americas 5 3 Asia 5 4 Europe 5 5 Oceania 6 Protocol 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksInitial neutrality editBecause of its location at the crossroads of Western Europe Belgium has historically been the route of invading armies from its larger neighbours With virtually defenceless borders Belgium has traditionally sought to avoid domination by the more powerful nations which surround it through a policy of mediation The Concert of Europe sanctioned the creation of Belgium in 1831 on the condition that the country remain strictly neutral This policy of neutrality ended after the experience of German occupation during World War I In the years preceding World War II Belgium tried to return to a policy of neutrality but once again Germany invaded the country In 1948 Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels with the United Kingdom France the Netherlands and Luxembourg and one year later became one of the founding members of the Atlantic Alliance Belgium s federalism and international relations editA peculiar feature of Belgian federalism is the fact that the country s Communities and Regions maintain their own international relations including the conclusion of treaties Thus there are a number of bilateral Dutch Flemish international institutions such as the Dutch Language Union or the institutions for the control of the river Scheldt in which only Flanders takes part Likewise only the French Community of Belgium takes part in La Francophonie For instance UNV s Online Volunteering service received a financial contribution from the Federal Public Service FPS Foreign Affairs Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of the Kingdom of Belgium for the years 2013 and 2014 to support the outreach to the francophone world and the promotion of volunteerism 1 International disputes editBelgium has resorted several times to international dispute settlement notably in cases at both the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration with the Netherlands concerning the diversion of water from the Meuse 1937 the frontier at the enclave of Baarle Hertog 1959 and the revitalisation of the so called Iron Rhine railroad 2005 There have been other points of contention with the Netherlands such as the deepening of the river Scheldt or the route for the high speed rail link between Brussels and Amsterdam This does however not influence the overall amicable character of Belgo Dutch relationship Other former cases at international courts between Belgium and other countries are in chronological order the Oscar Chinn Case of 1934 with the United Kingdom the Borghgrave Case of 1937 with Spain the cases of the electricity company of Sofia of 1939 with Bulgaria the case of the societe commerciale de Belgique of 1939 with Greece the case concerning the Barcelona Traction Company of 1970 with Spain the arrest warrant case of 2002 with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the case concerning legality of use of force of 2004 with Serbia and Montenegro The arrest warrant case of 2002 was caused by the application of Belgium s so called genocide law providing for universal jurisdiction over the gravest international crimes The same law stirred relations with amongst others Israel and the United States since complaints were filed against high ranking politicians and officials of both countries The law was therefore repealed in 2003 Diplomatic relations editList of countries which Belgium maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date 1 nbsp Mexico 15 June 1827 2 2 nbsp United Kingdom 1 December 1830 3 3 nbsp France August 1831 4 4 nbsp United States 6 January 1832 5 nbsp Holy See 17 July 1834 6 5 nbsp Brazil 22 September 1834 7 6 nbsp Portugal July 1834 8 7 nbsp Sweden 23 February 1837 9 8 nbsp Denmark 25 February 1837 10 9 nbsp Greece 30 November 1838 11 10 nbsp Netherlands 3 August 1839 12 11 nbsp Guatemala 1841 13 12 nbsp Switzerland 30 September 1845 14 13 nbsp Peru 16 May 1850 15 14 nbsp Bolivia 27 September 1850 16 15 nbsp Italy 24 February 1851 17 16 nbsp Uruguay 16 September 1853 18 17 nbsp Russia 1853 19 18 nbsp Honduras 27 March 1858 20 19 nbsp Nicaragua 18 May 1858 21 20 nbsp Costa Rica 26 July 1858 22 21 nbsp Chile 31 August 1858 23 22 nbsp Argentina 3 March 1860 24 23 nbsp Japan 1 August 1866 25 24 nbsp Liberia 5 June 1867 26 25 nbsp Colombia 1873 27 26 nbsp Bulgaria 11 December 1879 28 27 nbsp Romania 29 March 1880 29 28 nbsp Venezuela 21 April 1880 30 29 nbsp Thailand 21 July 1883 31 30 nbsp Serbia 15 March 1886 32 31 nbsp El Salvador 1 July 1890 33 32 nbsp Dominican Republic 10 April 1891 34 33 nbsp Luxembourg 18 April 1892 35 34 nbsp Paraguay 15 February 1894 36 35 nbsp Iran 18 November 1889 37 36 nbsp Haiti 15 January 1902 38 37 nbsp Cuba 18 August 1902 39 38 nbsp Norway 14 November 1905 40 39 nbsp Panama 15 February 1908 41 40 nbsp Poland 6 March 1919 42 41 nbsp Finland 9 July 1919 43 42 nbsp Czech Republic 21 September 1919 44 43 nbsp Spain 21 January 1921 45 44 nbsp Hungary 20 February 1922 46 45 nbsp Egypt 10 May 1922 47 46 nbsp Afghanistan 26 February 1923 48 47 nbsp Ethiopia 25 March 1923 49 48 nbsp Turkey 1 January 1924 50 49 nbsp Monaco 2 October 1931 51 50 nbsp Ireland 7 September 1932 52 51 nbsp South Africa 28 August 1933 53 52 nbsp Canada 3 January 1939 54 53 nbsp Lebanon 25 November 1944 55 54 nbsp Iceland 9 November 1945 56 55 nbsp Syria 20 March 1946 57 56 nbsp Philippines 4 July 1946 58 57 nbsp Iraq 5 December 1946 59 58 nbsp Austria 17 April 1947 60 59 nbsp Jordan 4 May 1947 61 60 nbsp India 20 September 1947 62 61 nbsp Australia 10 October 1947 63 62 nbsp New Zealand 27 November 1947 64 63 nbsp Pakistan 20 February 1948 65 64 nbsp Indonesia 3 October 1949 66 65 nbsp Israel 15 January 1950 67 66 nbsp Germany 27 June 1951 68 67 nbsp Sri Lanka 27 July 1953 69 68 nbsp Myanmar 1953 70 69 nbsp Saudi Arabia 10 April 1955 71 70 nbsp Libya 15 May 1956 72 71 nbsp Morocco 30 July 1956 73 72 nbsp Sudan 23 July 1956 74 73 nbsp Malaysia 1957 75 74 nbsp Ghana 2 October 1959 76 75 nbsp Guinea 28 January 1960 77 76 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 July 1960 78 77 nbsp Somalia 5 July 1960 79 78 nbsp Gabon 3 October 1960 38 79 nbsp Cyprus 1960 80 80 nbsp Benin 3 January 1961 81 81 nbsp Senegal 1 February 1961 82 82 nbsp Nigeria 4 February 1961 83 83 nbsp Ivory Coast 15 March 1961 84 84 nbsp Mauritania 13 April 1961 85 85 nbsp South Korea 2 May 1961 86 86 nbsp Chad 27 June 1961 87 87 nbsp Sierra Leone 12 July 1961 88 88 nbsp Niger 22 September 1961 89 89 nbsp Burkina Faso 17 October 1961 90 90 nbsp Republic of the Congo 20 February 1962 91 91 nbsp Cameroon 14 March 1962 92 92 nbsp Burundi 18 July 1962 93 93 nbsp Rwanda 18 July 1962 94 94 nbsp Tanzania 21 August 1962 95 95 nbsp Algeria 11 December 1962 96 96 nbsp Tunisia 1962 97 97 nbsp Central African Republic 13 June 1963 98 98 nbsp Mali 1 August 1963 99 99 nbsp Nepal 19 August 1963 100 100 nbsp Kuwait 8 April 1964 101 101 nbsp Kenya 29 April 1964 102 102 nbsp Madagascar 15 July 1964 103 103 nbsp Zambia 6 December 1964 104 104 nbsp Uganda 1964 105 105 nbsp Malta June 1965 106 106 nbsp Togo 29 November 1965 107 107 nbsp Malawi 28 January 1966 108 108 nbsp Gambia 7 February 1966 109 109 nbsp Singapore 10 October 1966 110 110 nbsp Jamaica 25 July 1967 111 111 nbsp Botswana 24 August 1967 112 112 nbsp Lesotho 24 August 1967 112 113 nbsp Cambodia 19 October 1967 113 114 nbsp Laos 12 December 1967 114 115 nbsp Mauritius 1968 115 116 nbsp Eswatini 14 November 1969 116 117 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 10 May 1970 117 118 nbsp Barbados 30 October 1970 118 119 nbsp Albania 13 November 1970 119 120 nbsp Guyana 10 June 1971 120 121 nbsp Mongolia 8 July 1971 121 122 nbsp Tonga 16 August 1971 122 123 nbsp China 25 October 1971 123 124 nbsp United Arab Emirates 8 December 1971 124 125 nbsp Fiji September 1972 125 126 nbsp Vietnam 22 March 1973 126 127 nbsp Bangladesh 15 May 1973 127 128 nbsp Samoa May 1973 128 129 nbsp Qatar 21 November 1973 129 130 nbsp Bahamas 12 December 1973 130 131 nbsp Oman 22 May 1974 131 132 nbsp Nauru 4 July 1975 132 133 nbsp Mozambique 5 December 1975 133 134 nbsp Seychelles 1 July 1976 134 135 nbsp Papua New Guinea 16 September 1976 135 136 nbsp Suriname 1 October 1976 136 137 nbsp Angola 15 October 1976 137 138 nbsp Comoros 15 November 1976 138 139 nbsp Cape Verde 12 July 1977 139 140 nbsp Guinea Bissau 2 August 1977 140 141 nbsp Maldives 3 October 1977 141 142 nbsp Djibouti 19 June 1978 142 143 nbsp Solomon Islands 28 February 1979 143 144 nbsp Zimbabwe 24 April 1980 144 145 nbsp Bahrain 2 December 1980 145 146 nbsp Dominica 1980 146 147 nbsp Saint Lucia 1980 147 148 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1980 148 149 nbsp Vanuatu 10 June 1981 149 150 nbsp Belize 1982 150 151 nbsp Brunei 3 May 1984 151 152 nbsp San Marino 26 March 1985 152 153 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 30 October 1985 150 154 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 1986 153 155 nbsp Namibia 21 September 1990 154 156 nbsp Estonia 5 September 1991 155 157 nbsp Latvia 5 September 1991 156 158 nbsp Lithuania 5 September 1991 157 159 nbsp Slovenia 5 March 1992 158 160 nbsp Armenia 10 March 1992 159 161 nbsp Belarus 10 March 1992 160 162 nbsp Ukraine 10 March 1992 161 163 nbsp Uzbekistan 10 March 1992 162 164 nbsp Moldova 11 March 1992 163 165 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992 164 166 nbsp Tajikistan 29 April 1992 165 167 nbsp Georgia 5 June 1992 166 168 nbsp Azerbaijan 17 June 1992 167 169 nbsp Kazakhstan 18 August 1992 168 170 nbsp Croatia 25 September 1992 169 171 nbsp Slovakia 1 January 1993 170 172 nbsp Turkmenistan 1 February 1993 171 173 nbsp North Macedonia 14 February 1994 172 174 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 March 1994 173 175 nbsp Eritrea 31 March 1994 174 176 nbsp Andorra 15 December 1994 175 177 nbsp Marshall Islands 29 May 1996 176 178 nbsp Liechtenstein 25 September 1996 177 179 nbsp Federated States of Micronesia 28 October 1996 178 180 nbsp North Korea 23 December 2000 179 181 nbsp East Timor 3 February 2003 180 nbsp Cook Islands 6 April 2005 181 182 nbsp Montenegro 25 June 2006 182 nbsp Kosovo 10 April 2008 183 183 nbsp Bhutan 21 January 2009 184 184 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 August 2009 185 185 nbsp Palau 18 May 2010 186 186 nbsp South Sudan 14 October 2011 187 187 nbsp Ecuador Unknown 188 nbsp Equatorial Guinea Unknown 189 nbsp Grenada Unknown 190 nbsp Kiribati Unknown 191 nbsp Tuvalu Unknown 192 nbsp Yemen UnknownRelationship with countries editAfrica edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Congo Kinshasa 2 July 1960 See Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo relations Diplomatic relations were established on 2 July 1960 when establishment of the Belgian diplomatic mission in Leopoldville and Jean Van den Bosch becomes the Belgian ambassador 188 Belgium has an embassy in Kinshasa and a consulate general in Lubumbashi Congo Kinshasa has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate general in Antwerp nbsp Eritrea Belgium recognised Eritrea as an independent country on 14 June 1993 189 nbsp South Sudan 14 October 2011 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 October 2011 190 Belgium recognised South Sudan as an independent country on 1 December 2011 191 Americas edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Canada 3 January 1939 See Belgium Canada relations Diplomatic relations were established on 3 January 1939 192 Both are close allies and members of NATO and Francophonie Both have a stance of multilateralism and have similar government systems Both were actively involved in the war in Afghanistan under ISAF Belgium has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate general in Montreal Canada has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Cuba 18 August 1902 Diplomatic relations were established on 18 August 1902 193 In 1837 Belgian negotiating sale right ownership of Cuba from Spanish government 194 Belgium has an embassy in Havana Cuba has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Mexico 19 November 1839 See Belgium Mexico relations Diplomatic relations were established on 19 November 1839 15 In 1836 Belgium itself newly independent recognized the independence of Mexico 195 In 1919 the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established 195 Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on 5 June 1954 196 Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City Mexico has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Peru 16 May 1850 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 May 1850 15 Main article Belgium Peru relations Belgium has an embassy in Lima Peru has an embassy in Brussels nbsp United States 9 February 1832 See Belgium United States relations Diplomatic relations were established on 9 February 1832 when has been accredited Minister Resident of Belgium to United States with residence in Washington baron D Behr 197 The United States and Belgium are good friends and allies despite occasional disagreements on a limited number of foreign policy issues Good will and affection for Americans continues as a result of the U S role during and after the two World Wars which was exhibited in 2004 during the 60th anniversary commemorations of the Battle of the Bulge and the liberation of Belgium Continuing to celebrate cooperative U S and Belgian relations 2007 marks the 175th anniversary of the nations relationship Belgium has an embassy in Washington D C and consulates general in Atlanta Los Angeles and New York City United States has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Uruguay 26 September 1852 See Belgium Uruguay relations Diplomatic relations were established on 26 September 1852 when M Joseph Lannoy has been appointed as Minister Resident of Belgium to Uruguay with Residence in Rio de Janeiro 198 Belgium is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina Uruguay has an embassy in Brussels Asia edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Armenia 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992 199 Belgium recognised Armenia as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Armenia has an embassy in Brussels Belgium is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Yerevan Belgium has recognized the Armenian genocide in 1998 nbsp Azerbaijan 17 June 1992 See Azerbaijan Belgium relations Diplomatic relations were established on 17 June 1992 201 Belgium recognised Azerbaijan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Azerbaijan has an embassy in Brussels Belgium has an embassy in Baku Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE nbsp China 25 October 1971 See Belgium China relations Diplomatic relations were established on 25 October 1971 202 Belgium has an embassy in Beijing and consulates general in Guangzhou Hong Kong and Shanghai China has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Georgia 5 June 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 5 June 1992 203 Belgium recognised Georgia as an independent country on 23 March 1992 204 Belgium is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Baku Azerbaijan Georgia has an embassy in Brussels nbsp India 20 September 1947 See Belgium India relations Diplomatic relations were established on 20 September 1947 when Prince Eugene de Ligne presented his credentials as the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Belgium to India 205 Belgium has an embassy in New Delhi and consualates general in Chennai and Mumbai India has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Indonesia 14 June 1950 See Belgium Indonesia relations Diplomatic relations were established on 14 June 1950 when Consulate General of Belgium in Jakarta has been elevated to rang Legation and M P Vanderstichelen appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Indonesia 206 Belgium has an embassy in Jakarta Indonesia has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Israel See Belgium Israel relations On 29 November 1947 Belgium voted in favour of UN resolution 181 Belgium recognised Israel on 15 January 1950 Belgium has an embassy in Tel Aviv Israel has an embassy in Brussels There are approximately 31 200 Jews living in Belgium nbsp Japan 1 August 1866 See Belgium Japan relations Diplomatic relations were established on 1 August 1866 207 Belgium has an embassy in Tokyo Japan has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Kazakhstan 25 August 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 25 August 1992 208 Belgium recognised Kazakhstan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Belgium has an embassy in Astana Kazakhstan has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992 See Belgium Turkey relations Diplomatic relations were established on 25 March 1992 209 Belgium recognised Kyrgyzstan as an independent country effective from 20 januari 1992 200 nbsp Malaysia 12 December 1957 See Belgium Malaysia relations Diplomatic relations were established on 12 December 1957 210 Belgium has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Pakistan 20 February 1948 See Belgium Pakistan relations Diplomatic relations were established on 20 February 1948 211 Belgium has an embassy in Islamabad Pakistan has an embassy in Brussels Former Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf has also previously extended a visit to Belgium during his tour of Europe in early 2008 which also included visits to the United Kingdom France and Sweden During his stay in Brussels he met the then Prime Minister of Belgium Guy Verhofstadt and the two leaders held significant talks on trade and defence co operation citation needed nbsp Philippines 18 May 1949 See Belgium Philippines relations Diplomatic relations were established on 18 May 1949 212 Belgium has an embassy in Manila Philippines has an embassy in Brussels nbsp South Korea 2 May 1961 See Belgium South Korea relations Diplomatic relations were established on 2 May 1961 213 Belgium has an embassy in Seoul 214 South Korea has an embassy in Brussels 215 A Working Holiday Visa program has signed by the two governments of Belgian with South Korean in 2015 216 nbsp Turkey 4 April 1838 See Belgium Turkey relations Diplomatic relations were established on 4 April 1838 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Turkey baron O Sullivan de Grass 217 Belgium has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul Turkey has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate general in Antwerp Both countries are full members of NATO Belgium opposes Turkey s EU membership nbsp Turkmenistan 1 February 1993 See Belgium Turkey relations Diplomatic relations were established on 1 February 1993 218 Belgium recognised Turkmenistan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 nbsp Uzbekistan 10 March 1992 See Belgium Turkey relations Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992 219 Belgium recognised Uzbekistan as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Europe edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Andorra 15 December 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 15 December 1994 220 Belgium has recognised Andorra as an independent country on 2 December 1993 effective from 28 July 1993 204 Andorra has an embassy in Brussels Belgium is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid Spain nbsp Belarus 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992 221 Belgium recognised Belarus as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 March 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 3 March 1994 222 Belgium recognised Bosnia as an independent country on 10 April 1992 204 nbsp Bulgaria 11 December 1879 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 December 1879 223 Belgium has an embassy in Sofia 224 Bulgaria has an embassy in Brussels 225 Both countries are full members of Francophonie NATO and of the European Union nbsp Croatia 10 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992 226 Belgium recognised Croatia as an independent country effective from 15 January 1992 200 Belgium has an embassy in Zagreb Croatia has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Czech Republic 3 June 1919 Belgium and Czechoslovakia established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1919 227 Belgium recognised the independence of Czechia on 16 February 1993 effective from 1 January 1993 228 Belgium has an embassy in Prague Czech Republic has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union nbsp Denmark 25 February 1837 See Belgium Denmark relations Diplomatic relations were established on 25 February 1837 when has been accredited charge d affaires of Belgium to Denmark baron T van der Straten Ponthoz 229 230 Belgium has an embassy in Copenhagen Denmark has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Estonia 26 January 1921 Diplomatic relations were established first time on 21 January 1921 Diplomatic relations re established on 5 September 1991 231 Belgium first recognised the independence of Estonia on 26 January 1921 After the end of the Soviet occupation Belgium re recognised Estonia on 27 August 1991 Belgium is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki Finland Estonia has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belgium nbsp Finland 9 July 1919 Diplomatic relations were established on 9 July 1919 232 Belgium recognised Finland s independence on 10 June 1919 Belgium has an embassy in Helsinki Finland has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp France 8 March 1831 See Belgium France relations Diplomatic relations were established on 8 March 1831 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to France Comte C Le Hon 12 France helped Belgium rebel against and gain independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands See Belgian Revolution Belgium has an embassy in Paris and consulates general in Marseille and Strasbourg France has an embassy in Brussels Both nations signed a trade agreement in 1934 Both countries are members of NATO and the Francophonie both are also founding members of the European Union and Council of Europe nbsp Germany See Belgium Germany relations They are both members of the European Union and NATO Also the majority of the people in East Belgium speak German Belgium has an embassy in Berlin Germany has one embassy in Brussels nbsp Greece 30 November 1838 See Belgium Greece relations Diplomatic relations were established on 30 November 1838 when has been accredited Charge d Affaires of Belgium to Greece M Benjamin Mary 12 Belgium has an embassy in Athens Since 1945 Greece has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO of the European Union There are between 15 000 and 26 000 Greeks who live in Belgium nbsp Holy See 21 July 1832 Diplomatic relations were established on 21 July 1832 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Roman states and Italian states Holy See Viscount Vilain XIIII 233 Belgium has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Brussels nbsp Iceland 9 November 1945 Diplomatic relations were established on 9 November 1945 234 Belgium is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Oslo Norway Iceland has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO nbsp Ireland 7 September 1932 Diplomatic relations were established on 7 September 1932 when has been established Legation of Ireland in Belgium Brussels It was raised into an embassy 9 January 1959 235 Belgium has an embassy in Dublin Ireland has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe nbsp Italy 24 February 1851 Diplomatic relations were established on 24 February 1851 when has been appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Belgium Alberto Lupi Di Montalto 236 Belgium has an embassy in Rome Italy has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development of the European Union and of NATO There are around 450 000 people of Italian descent living in Belgium see Italian Belgians one of them is former Belgian prime minister Elio Di Rupo During World War II Free Belgian Forces participated in the East African Campaign against Italy nbsp Kosovo 23 April 2008 See Belgium Kosovo relations Diplomatic relations were established on 23 April 2008 237 Belgium recognised Kosovo on 24 February 2008 238 Belgium has a Liaison Office in Pristina 239 Kosovo has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Latvia 26 January 1921 Diplomatic relations were established on 26 January 1921 240 Diplomatic relations re established on 5 September 1991 241 nbsp Lithuania 27 December 1922 Diplomatic relations were established first time on 27 December 1922 Diplomatic relations re established on 5 September 1991 242 nbsp Luxembourg 9 July 1892 See Belgium Luxembourg relations Diplomatic relations were established on 9 July 1892 243 Belgium has an embassy in Luxembourg City Luxembourg has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Malta June 1965 Diplomatic relations were established in June 1965 244 Belgium is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome Italy Malta has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe nbsp Moldova 11 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 March 1992 245 Belgium recognised Moldova as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Moldova has an embassy in Brussels Belgium is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest Romania nbsp Monaco 2 October 1931 Diplomatic relations were established on 2 October 1931 246 Belgium is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco Monaco has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Montenegro 25 July 2006 Diplomatic relations were established on 25 July 2006 247 Belgium recognised Montenegro as an independent country on 23 June 2006 248 Belgium is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade Serbia Montenegro has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and NATO Belgium is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate nbsp Netherlands 3 August 1839 See Belgium Netherlands relations Diplomatic relations were established on 3 August 1839 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to the Netherlands Prince J De Chimay 12 Belgium has an embassy in The Hague Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and a consulate general in Antwerp Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp North Macedonia 14 February 1994 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 February 1994 249 Belgium recognised North Macedonia as an independent country on 12 October 1993 250 nbsp Norway 14 November 1905 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 November 1905 251 Belgium has an embassy in Oslo Norway has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO nbsp Poland 6 March 1919 Diplomatic relations were established on 6 March 1919 252 Belgium has an embassy in Warsaw Poland has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Portugal 20 February 1834 Diplomatic relations were established on 20 February 1834 when has been accredited charge d affaires of Belgium to Portugal C Serruys 253 Belgium has an embassy in Lisbon Portugal has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Romania 29 March 1880 Diplomatic relations were established on 29 March 1880 254 Belgium has an embassy in Bucharest Romania has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Russia 11 April 1853 See Belgium Russia relations Diplomatic relations were established on 11 April 1853 255 Belgium has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate general in Saint Petersburg Russia has an embassy in Brussels nbsp Serbia 15 March 1886 Belgium recognised Yugoslavia as an independent country on 22 April 1996 256 Belgium has an embassy in Belgrade Serbia has an embassy in Brussels Belgium is an EU member and Serbia is an EU candidate nbsp Slovakia 1 January 1993 Diplomatic relations were established on 1 January 1993 257 Belgium recognised Slovakia as an independent country on 16 February 1993 effectvie from 1 January 1993 228 nbsp Slovenia 5 March 1992 Diplomatic relations were established on 5 March 1992 258 Belgium recognised Slovenia as an independent country effective from 15 January 1992 200 Belgium is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna Austria Slovenia has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union nbsp Spain 18 September 1832 See Belgium Spain relations Diplomatic relations were established on 18 September 1832 when has been accredited charge d affaires of Belgium to Spain J B Kaufmann 259 Belgium has an embassy in Madrid Spain has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Sweden 23 February 1837 Diplomatic relations were established on 23 February 1837 when has been accredited Charge d Affaires of Belgium to Sweden baron T Vander Straten Ponthoz 260 Belgium has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden is accredited to Belgium from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Stockholm Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and of the Council of Europe nbsp Ukraine 10 March 1992 See Belgium Ukraine relations Diplomatic relations were established on 10 March 1992 261 Although politically the two nations are not closely connected they have a long history of economic integration and trade with Belgian investment playing a role in the contemporary Ukrainian economy As of 2008 trade revenue generated between the two nations accounted for approximately US 1 billion 262 Belgium recognised Ukraine as an independent country effective from 31 December 1991 200 Belgium has an embassy in Kyiv Ukraine has an embassy in Brussels nbsp United Kingdom 1 December 1830 See Belgium United Kingdom relations Diplomatic relations were established on 1 December 1830 when John Ponsonby has been appointed as special mission to provisional government 263 Historically the two countries have trading links going back to the 10th century especially wool trade from England to the County of Flanders In the early years of the Hundred Years War Edward III allied with the nobles of the Low Countries and the burghers of Flanders against France Belgium has an embassy in London United Kingdom has an embassy in Brussels Both countries are full members of NATO Oceania edit Country Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp Australia 10 October 1947 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 October 1947 264 Australia has an embassy in Brussels Belgium has an embassy in Canberra and honorary consulates in Adelaide Brisbane Launceston Melbourne Perth and Sydney There are a number of Australian cemeteries and war memorials partially dedicated to Australian soldiers in the Belgian province of West Flanders being one of the reasons why many Australians still visit Belgium today Over 2 dozen Australia Belgium bilateral treaties cover extradition trade taxation and social security Protocol editThe kingdom of Belgium recognises 4 types of incoming visits in Belgium They are ranked in precedence and protocol 265 The State Visit formal invitations by the King of the Belgians The Official Visit invitation by the Belgian Prime minister The Working Visit invitation by an ambassador the cost is not paid by the Belgian state Cordial visits Visits of courtoisie Visits to international Organisations The Private Visit at own initiative Belgian authorities only provide security if requested See also editBelgian order of precedence List of diplomatic missions in Belgium List of diplomatic missions of Belgium Visa requirements for Belgian citizensReferences edit UNV Online Volunteering service Partners Estudios monograficos Direccion General de Documentacion e Informe Presidencial 1973 p 130 Haydn Joseph Timothy 1851 Beatson s Political index modernised The book of dignities containing rolls of the official personages of the British empire together with the sovereigns of Europe the peerage of England and of Great Britain 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