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Wikipedia

Central government

May 09, 2023

Not to be confused with Centralized government.

A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state. Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels of government, authorized or delegated to it by the federation and mutually agreed upon by each of the federated states. Though inappropriate, the adjective "central" is also sometimes used to describe the government of a federation, such as in India.

The structure of central governments varies. Many countries have created autonomous regions by delegating powers from the central government to governments on a sub-national level, such as regional, state, provincial, local and other instances. Based on a broad definition of a basic political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and government through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution or other law.

Common responsibilities of this level of government which are not granted to lower levels are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy, including the right to sign binding treaties. Essentially, the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country, in contrast with local governments.

The difference between a central government and a federal government is that the autonomous status of self-governing regions exists by the sufferance of the central government and are often created through a process of devolution. As such they may be unilaterally revoked with a simple change in the law. An example of this was done in 1973 when the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 abolished the government of Northern Ireland which had been created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It is common for a federal government to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states and therefore its powers to affect the status of the balance of powers is significantly smaller (as in the United States). Thus federal governments are often established voluntarily from 'below' whereas devolution grants self-government from above.

Examples

Unitary states

There are, and have been, many countries which have delegated powers, some include:

Federations

A federal government is the common or national government of a federation. The United States is considered the first modern federation. After declaring independence from Britain, the U.S. adopted its first constitution, the Articles of Confederation in 1781. This was the first step towards federalism by establishing the confederal Congress. However, Congress was limited as to its ability to pursue economic, military, and judiciary reform. In 1787, a Constitutional Convention drafted the United States Constitution during the Philadelphia Convention. After the ratification of the Constitution by nine states in 1788, the U.S. was officially a federation, putting the U.S. in a unique position where the central government exists by the sufferance of the individual states rather than the reverse.

Other states followed suit in establishing federal governments: Switzerland (1848); Canada (1867); Germany (1871 and again 1949); Brazil (1891); Australia (1901); Russia (1917); Austria (1920 and again 1945) and India (1947 and again 1950).[1] Examples include:

Confederations

See also

References

  1. ^ Watts, R., "Comparing Federal Systems" (2nd ed.) SPC Queen's U (1999) pp 20–26.


May 09, 2023
central, government, confused, with, centralized, government, central, government, government, that, controlling, power, over, unitary, state, another, distinct, sovereign, political, entity, federal, government, which, have, distinct, powers, various, levels,. Not to be confused with Centralized government A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government which may have distinct powers at various levels of government authorized or delegated to it by the federation and mutually agreed upon by each of the federated states Though inappropriate the adjective central is also sometimes used to describe the government of a federation such as in India The structure of central governments varies Many countries have created autonomous regions by delegating powers from the central government to governments on a sub national level such as regional state provincial local and other instances Based on a broad definition of a basic political system there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and government through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution or other law Common responsibilities of this level of government which are not granted to lower levels are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy including the right to sign binding treaties Essentially the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country in contrast with local governments The difference between a central government and a federal government is that the autonomous status of self governing regions exists by the sufferance of the central government and are often created through a process of devolution As such they may be unilaterally revoked with a simple change in the law An example of this was done in 1973 when the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 abolished the government of Northern Ireland which had been created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 It is common for a federal government to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states and therefore its powers to affect the status of the balance of powers is significantly smaller as in the United States Thus federal governments are often established voluntarily from below whereas devolution grants self government from above Contents 1 Examples 1 1 Unitary states 1 2 Federations 1 3 Confederations 2 See also 3 ReferencesExamples EditUnitary states Edit There are and have been many countries which have delegated powers some include People s Republic of China see autonomous administrative divisions of China Denmark see the autonomous regions of the Faroe Islands and Greenland France Republic of China Georgia see autonomous republics Japan Republic of Korea Indonesia Spain see autonomous communities Philippines see Provinces of the Philippines Portugal see autonomous regions of Portugal Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom devolved powers to governments of Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland VietnamFederations Edit A federal government is the common or national government of a federation The United States is considered the first modern federation After declaring independence from Britain the U S adopted its first constitution the Articles of Confederation in 1781 This was the first step towards federalism by establishing the confederal Congress However Congress was limited as to its ability to pursue economic military and judiciary reform In 1787 a Constitutional Convention drafted the United States Constitution during the Philadelphia Convention After the ratification of the Constitution by nine states in 1788 the U S was officially a federation putting the U S in a unique position where the central government exists by the sufferance of the individual states rather than the reverse Other states followed suit in establishing federal governments Switzerland 1848 Canada 1867 Germany 1871 and again 1949 Brazil 1891 Australia 1901 Russia 1917 Austria 1920 and again 1945 and India 1947 and again 1950 1 Examples include Austria Argentina Australia states and territories of Australia Belgium see communities regions and language areas of Belgium Brazil India States and union territories of India Canada see provinces and territories of Canada Germany see states of Germany Malaysia Mexico see states of Mexico Nigeria Nepal Pakistan see administrative units of Pakistan Russia see federal districts of Russia federal subjects of Russia Soviet Union see republics of the Soviet Union Sudan see South Sudan which is now independent Switzerland cantons of Switzerland United States see U S states Venezuela see states of VenezuelaConfederations Edit United States Government under the Articles of Confederation Confederate States of AmericaSee also EditNational Government disambiguation List of autonomous areas by country Autonomous government Devolution of powers FederationReferences Edit Watts R Comparing Federal Systems 2nd ed SPC Queen s U 1999 pp 20 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Central government amp oldid 1149558533, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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