fbpx
Wikipedia

Washington University in St. Louis

December 15, 2023

Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington, a Continental Army general, and the first president of the United States.[8]

Washington University in St. Louis
Latin: Universitas Washingtoniana
Former name
Eliot Seminary (1853–1854)
Washington Institute (1854–1856)
Washington University (1856–1976)
MottoPer veritatem vis (Latin)
Motto in English
"Strength through truth"
TypePrivate research university
EstablishedFebruary 22, 1853; 170 years ago (1853-02-22)
AccreditationHLC
Academic affiliations
Endowment$13.3 billion (FY2022)[1]
ChancellorAndrew D. Martin
ProvostBeverly Wendland
Academic staff
4,151 (2021)[2]
Administrative staff
12,609 (2018)[2]
Total staff
19,646 (2021)
Students16,244 [3]
Undergraduates7,803[3]
Postgraduates8,441[3]
Location
St. Louis
,
Missouri
,
United States

38°38′53″N 90°18′18″W / 38.648°N 90.305°W / 38.648; -90.305
CampusLarge suburb[6], 346.5 acres (1.402 km2)
Tyson Research Center, 1,966.5 acres (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha)[4][5]
Other campuses
NewspaperStudent Life
ColorsRed and green[7]
   
NicknameBears
Sporting affiliations
MascotBear
Websitewustl.edu
ASN2552
"Washington University" redirects here. Not to be confused with University of Washington.

The university's 169-acre Danforth Campus is the academic home to the majority of the university's undergraduate, graduate, and professional students, which features predominantly Collegiate Gothic-style architecture in its academic buildings and is bordered by the Forest Park section of St. Louis and Clayton and University City, Missouri. The university's West Campus is located in Clayton and its North Campus is in the West End section of St. Louis. Its Medical Campus in the Central West End section of St. Louis[9] spans over 17 city blocks and 164 acres and houses the Washington University School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals, clinics, patient care centers and research facilities.

It has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries.[10] Washington University is composed of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a range of academic fields.[11] To prevent confusion over its location, the university's board of trustees added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976.[12]

Washington University has been a member of the Association of American Universities since 1923 and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[13][14] The National Science Foundation ranked the university 28th among academic institutions in the United States for research and development (R&D) expenditures.[15] As of 2022, 26 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, 11 having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.[16][17]

History edit

19th century edit

 
William Greenleaf Eliot, first president of the Board of Trustees
 
The Washington University crest at the entrance to Francis Field
 
Brookings Hall during the 1904 World's Fair

Washington University was conceived by 17 St. Louis business, political, and religious leaders concerned by the lack of institutions of higher learning in the Midwest.[18] Missouri State Senator Wayman Crow and Unitarian minister William Greenleaf Eliot, grandfather of the poet T.S. Eliot, led the effort.

The university's first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt. Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees. Early on, Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community, including John O'Fallon, but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment. Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment. The institution had no backing of a religious organization, single wealthy patron, or earmarked government support. To this day, Washington University is controlled by a Board of Trustees that, by charter, appoints its own members.[19]

During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary", but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university.[20]

Under pressure from Eliot, the Board of Trustees created a task force charged with naming the university, headed by Samuel Treat. Several months later Treat's committee proposed naming the university the Washington Institute, after the nation's first president George Washington. In 1854, the board of trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of George Washington and because the charter was coincidentally passed on Washington's birthday, February 22.[21] Naming the university after the nation's first president, only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The board believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the university amended its name to "Washington University". The university amended its name once more in 1976, when the board voted to add the suffix "in St. Louis" to distinguish the university from the over two dozen other universities bearing Washington's name.[12]

 
Robert S. Brookings

Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. At first the university paid for the evening classes, but as their popularity grew, their funding was transferred to the St. Louis Public Schools.[22] Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings. Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute.

In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the university, establishing the School of Medicine. However, by the 1890s the university was on the brink of financial collapse until Robert Sommers Brookings, president of the Board of Trustees, undertook the task of rebuilding the university's finances and acquiring land for a new campus. Brookings was instrumental in raising money for the university, since Eliot, the primary fundraiser for the university, had died.

In 1896, Holmes Smith, professor of Drawing and History of Art, designed what would become the basis for the modern-day university seal. The seal is made up of elements from the Washington family coat of arms and the symbol of Louis IX, whom the city is named after.[23]

Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the medical school and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the university began to move west. The university board of directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond Forest Park, located west of the city limits in St. Louis County. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of "Hilltop" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth.[24]

In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus.[25] The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson (same architects who designed a large part of the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University) won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities.[26]

20th century edit

 
Graham Chapel
 
Brookings Hall

The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter.[27]

The university delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and 1904 Summer Olympics, which allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope and Stewardson's original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.[26]

By 1915, construction of a new medical complex was completed on Kings Highway in what is now St. Louis's Central West End. In 1918, Washington University admitted its first women medical students.[28]

In 1922, Arthur Holly Compton, a physics professor, conducted a series of experiments in the basement of Eads Hall that demonstrated the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation. Compton's discovery, known as the "Compton Effect," earned him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1927.[29]

During World War II, as part of the Manhattan Project, a cyclotron at Washington University was used to produce small quantities of the newly discovered element plutonium via neutron bombardment of uranium nitrate hexahydrate. The plutonium produced there in 1942 was shipped to the Metallurgical Laboratory Compton had established at the University of Chicago where Glenn Seaborg's team used it for extraction, purification, and characterization studies of the exotic substance.[29][30]

After working for 22 years at the University of Chicago, Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor.[31] Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships. Under Compton's leadership, enrollment at the university grew dramatically, fueled primarily by World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits.[32]

In 1947, Gerty Cori, a professor at the School of Medicine, became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Professors Carl and Gerty Cori became Washington University's fifth and sixth Nobel laureates for their discovery of how glycogen is broken down and resynthesized in the body.[33]

The desegregation of Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work.[34] The university ended racial segregation in its undergraduate divisions in 1952, making it the last local higher education institution to do so. During the 1940s, the university faced criticism from the local African American media, which included a letter-writing campaign by churches, the local Urban League, and legal briefs by the NAACP, seeking to strip the university of its tax-exempt status.

In 1949, a student group, the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes (SCAN), was founded and began advocating for full racial integration. In 1951, then-vice chancellor Leslie Buchan argued that full desegregation would isolate the university from the community and potentially lead to incidents on campus.[citation needed] The following year, in May 1952, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the university's undergraduate divisions.[35]

During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution. In 1957, planning began for the construction of the "South 40", a complex of modern residential halls which primarily house freshmen and some sophomore students.[36]

With additional on-campus housing, the university, which had been predominantly attended by commuter students, began attracting a greater number of applicants from across the nation.[37] By 1964, over two-thirds of incoming students came from outside the St. Louis area.[38]

In 1971, the board of trustees appointed Chancellor William Henry Danforth, who guided the university through the social and financial crises of the 1970s and strengthened the university's often strained relationship with the St. Louis community. During his 24-year chancellorship, Danforth improved the School of Medicine, established 70 new faculty chairs, secured a $1.72 billion endowment, and tripled the amount of student scholarships.[39]

In 1995, Mark S. Wrighton, former provost at MIT, was elected the university's 14th Chancellor. During Chancellor Wrighton's tenure undergraduate applications to Washington University more than doubled. Since 1995, the university has added more than 190 endowed professorships, revamped its Arts & Sciences curriculum, and completed more than 30 new buildings.[40]

 
Danforth Campus buildings

Washington University's reputation was enhanced by two major fundraising efforts since the 1980s. From 1983 to 1987, the "Alliance for Washington University" campaign raised $630.5 million, which was then the most successful fund-raising effort in national history.[41] From 1998 to 2004, the "Campaign for Washington University" raised $1.55 billion, which was applied to additional scholarships, professorships, and research initiatives.[42]

The campus was the venue for four Presidential debates, and one Vice-Presidential debate: the first 1992 Presidential debate on October 11, 1992, the third 2000 Presidential debate on October 17, 2000, the second 2004 Presidential debate on October 8, 2004, the 2008 Vice-Presidential debate on October 2, and the second 2016 Presidential debate on October 9, 2016.[43] The university was scheduled to host a debate in 1996, but that debate was cancelled when the number of scheduled debates was scaled back to two.[44]

In 2002, Washington University co-founded the Cortex Innovation Community in St. Louis's Midtown neighborhood. Cortex is the largest innovation hub in the midwest, home to offices of Square, Microsoft, Aon, Boeing, and Centene. The innovation hub has generated more than 3,800 tech jobs in 14 years.[45][46]

In the summer of 2002, Brookings Hall Room 300 was transformed into the Mission Control center for Steve Fossett's sixth and ultimately successful attempt to circumnavigate the planet in a balloon—the Spirit of Freedom.[47][48]

In 2005, Washington University founded the McDonnell International Scholars Academy, an international network of premier research universities, with an initial endowment gift of $10 million from John F. McDonnell.[49][50] The academy, which selects scholars from 35 partnered universities around the world, was created to develop a cohort of future leaders, strengthen ties with top foreign universities, and promote global awareness and social responsibility.[51][52]

In Fall 2006, the St. Louis Metro opened the Cross–County extension of its light rail MetroLink system. Three of the nine new stations directly serve the university (Skinker, University City-Big Bend, and Forsyth). On July 1, 2006, the university began offering free Metro passes—the U Pass—to all full-time students, benefits-eligible faculty and staff, and full-time employees of qualified service providers.[53]

In 2019, Washington University unveiled a $360 million campus transformation project known as the "East End Transformation". The transformation project, built on the original 1895 campus plan by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, encompassed 18 acres of the Danforth Campus, adding five new buildings, expanding the university's Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, relocating hundreds of surface parking spaces underground, and creating an expansive new park.[54]

In June 2019, Andrew D. Martin, former dean of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan, was elected the university's 15th chancellor.[55] On the day of his inauguration, Martin announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program allowing full-time Missouri and southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant-eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less to attend the university cost-free.[56][57]

In October 2021, Washington University announced it would invest an additional $1 billion in financial aid for students. The university practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs.[58] The new financial aid initiative, called Gateway to Success, included $800 million in endowed funding to support need-blind undergraduate admissions, meaning the university will not consider an applicant's financial situation when making admissions decisions while still meeting 100% of demonstrated financial need for admitted undergraduates.[59] Another $200 million will be designated for financial aid for graduate and professional students in the university's Brown School, the School of Law and the School of Medicine, as well as in business, engineering, art and architecture, and Arts & Sciences.[58]

In 2022, Washington University was one of 10 universities picked to join the Kessler Scholars National Collaborative, which provides support for selected first-generation and Pell-Grant eligible STEM students who hope to improve society. The program aims to recruit 20 fully-funded Kessler scholars per year and provide additional opportunities to close the wealth gap.[60] Also, in 2022, Washington University developed a needle-free nasal vaccine to combat COVID-19.[61]

U.S. presidential and vice-presidential debates edit

 
2008 Vice Presidential Debate at the Washington University Field House

Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice-presidential debates than any other institution in history.[62] United States presidential election debates were held at the Washington University Athletic Complex in 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016. A presidential debate was planned to occur in 1996, but owing to scheduling difficulties between the candidates, the debate was canceled.[63] The university hosted the only 2008 vice presidential debate, between Republican Sarah Palin and Democrat Joe Biden, on October 2, 2008, also at the Washington University Athletic Complex. The university hosted the second 2016 presidential debate, between Republican Party candidate Donald Trump and Democratic Party candidate Hillary Clinton, on October 9, 2016.[64][65]

Following the 2004 debate, Wrighton said that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate,[66] but subsequently changed his view, and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates.[67] "These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues, and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St. Louis region as one of America's great metropolitan areas," said Wrighton.[68]

The university decided not to host a 2020 presidential debate, against the majority opinion of the student body.[69]

Geography and campuses edit

Danforth Campus edit

 
Bryan Hall
Main article: Danforth Campus

The main, or Danforth Campus (formerly known as the Hilltop Campus) is mostly between Forest Park Parkway, Wydown Boulevard, North Big Bend Boulevard, and North Skinker Boulevard.

Although the school includes "St. Louis" in its name, the majority of the school's main campus is located in unincorporated St. Louis County and suburban Clayton.

A large portion of the Danforth Campus is recognized as the Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, which achieved National Historic Landmark status on February 27, 1987.[70][71]

The Barry Flanagan bronze statue, "Thinker on a Rock," widely known, simply, as "The Bunny", is currently on permanent loan to Washington University and features prominently near Olin Library, Graham Chapel and Mallinckrodt.

Danforth Campus includes:

  • Arts and Sciences
  • Brookings Hall
  • Center for the Humanities
  • Center for Mental Health Services Research
  • Center for Social Development
  • Crow Observatory
  • Danforth University Center (DUC): Completed in 2008, it occupies the space where Prince Hall once stood and is the main student center on campus. The three-story, 116,000sqft building features dining areas, lounges, meeting rooms, and offices for student leaders and student services professional staff. Housed in the DUC is the Career Center, the Student Union student government, Student Life newspaper, WUTV, a recording studio for KWUR, the Graduate Center, and other on-campus groups.
  • Francis Olympic Field
  • Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement: Founded with a major gift from former U.S. Congressman Richard Gephardt. Focuses on the value, interest and importance of public service and civic engagement. Major activities of the Gephardt Institute include the hosting of speakers series, internship and career placement services, granting of money to faculty and students for community-based teaching and learning, supporting co-curricular activities with the community service office, and a summer stipend program, where the university financially supports students who take uncompensated internships in the field of public service.
  • International Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability
  • Mallinckrodt Center: The central student center on the Danforth Campus. It houses the Campus Book Store, Computer Store, Dining Services, the Edison Theatre, the Division of Drama, the Division of Dance, and the Department of Performing Arts. WUTV is also housed inside.
  • McKelvey School of Engineering
  • Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum
  • Olin Business School
  • Ridgley Hall: This served as the university's first library building until the early 1960s. During the 1904 World's Fair, Ridgley housed an exhibit of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee gifts. The former library reading room was transformed into an ornate lounge space, which today is known as Holmes Lounge. Ridgley Hall is also the home of several language departments, the Committee on Comparative Literature and the Language Lab.
  • Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts
  • Skandalaris Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation and Entrepreneurship
  • The Brown School
  • The Center for Teaching and Learning
  • Washington University School of Law
  • Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy
  • Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute

In 2019, a $360 million renovation project, the "East End Transformation", was unveiled on the Danforth Campus, building on the original 1895 campus plan by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot. The project included the creation of the Gary M. Sumers Welcome Center, which now houses undergraduate admissions; the Craig and Nancy Schnuck Pavilion, which houses a café, the Environmental Studies program and the Office of Sustainability; the Henry A. and Elvira H. Jubel Hall, which houses the Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science in the McKelvey School of Engineering; and the James M. McKelvey Sr. Hall, which will be completed in 2020 and open in 2021 and will house the McKelvey School of Engineering's Department of Computer Science & Engineering. All new buildings on the east end have been designed to achieve LEED-Gold certification, and include solar panels located on many of the roofs to generate renewable electricity. In addition to the five new buildings, the project relocated 6 acres of parking lots underground, renovated and expanded the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, and created the Ann and Andrew Tisch Park.[54]

In 2020, the Princeton Review ranked the Danforth Campus among the top 10 "Most Beautiful Campuses" in the United States.[72]

Medical Campus edit

The Medical Campus is accessible via the Central West End MetroLink station, which provides a quick link to the Danforth, North, and West Campuses. All full-time Washington University students and employees are eligible for a Metro Transit U-Pass, which grants access to use the MetroLink and Metro buses for free.[73]

 
The Washington University Medical Center as seen from Forest Park

Washington University Medical Center comprises 164 acres (66.4 ha) spread over approximately 12 city blocks, located along the eastern edge of Forest Park within the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis. The campus is home to the Washington University School of Medicine and its associated teaching hospitals, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. Many of the buildings are connected via a series of skyways and corridors.

Olin Residence Hall, named for Spencer T. Olin, provides residential services for 200 medical and graduate students.[74]

The School's 2,100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also serve as the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, which are part of BJC HealthCare. Washington University and BJC have taken on many joint venture projects, such as the Center for Advanced Medicine, completed in December 2001.

In 2019, Washington University was awarded a $7.6 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to create the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control to address disparities in cancer care in parts of Missouri and Illinois.[75] In 2022, Washington University's Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences was awarded a five-year $61 million grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, to focus on precision medicine, health equity, and diversity.[76]

BJC Institute of Health at Washington University is the newest research building with 680,000 square feet (63,000 m2). In 2020, Washington University announced the construction of a new $616 million, 11 story, 609,000-square-foot neuroscience research building which will sit at the eastern edge of the Medical Campus in the Cortex Innovation Community. Construction of the building is set to be finished in 2023.[77]

The Medical Campus includes:

North and West Campuses edit

Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The university acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory.[78] Several university administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, Army ROTC, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing arts Department. Renovations are still ongoing; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company, the university's on-campus food provider, completed during spring semester 2007, as well as the Family Learning Center, operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010.

The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the university acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations.[79] Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of university advancement, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor.

Both the North and West Campuses are accessible by the St. Louis MetroLink, which, with the Delmar Loop and Forsyth MetroLink Stations directly adjacent to these campuses, provides easy travel around the St. Louis metropolitan area, including all of Washington University's campuses.

Tyson Research Center edit

Main article: Tyson Research Center

Tyson Research Center is a 1,966.5-acre (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha) field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the university as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010, the Living Learning Center was named one of the first two buildings accredited nationwide as a "living building" under the Living Building Challenge,[80] opened to serve as a biological research station and classroom for summer students.

Academics edit

Arts and Sciences edit

Main article: Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis
 
Holmes Lounge, the central reading room on campus, where students may study

Arts & Sciences is home to the College of Arts & Sciences as well as graduate programs across its many departments. Feng Sheng Hu is the Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences.[81]

  • The College of Arts & Sciences is the central undergraduate unit of the university with 330 tenured and tenure-track faculty along with over 100 research scientists, lecturers, artists in residence, and visitors serving more than 3,700 undergraduates in 40 academic departments divided into divisions of Humanities, Social sciences, and Natural sciences and Mathematics. The College of Arts & Sciences has an average class size of 18 students, with over 80% having fewer than 24. Almost one-half of the undergraduate classes have fewer than 10 students. The student-faculty ratio is 7:1.[2]
  • The College of Arts & Sciences offers courses in over a dozen languages, including Arabic, Hebrew, Spanish, German, French, Swahili, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Greek, Italian, Hindi, Portuguese, and Latin. University College in Arts & Sciences also offers course work in Swedish, Vietnamese, Irish, and Czech.

Business edit

Main article: Olin Business School

Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), MS in finance, MS in supply chain management, MS in customer analytics, Master of Accounting, Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program, and Doctorate programs, as well as non-degree Executive Education. In 2002, an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai, in cooperation with Fudan University.

 
Simon Hall is a part of the Olin Business School.

Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide.[82] Over the last several years, the school's endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[83] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation. The two buildings are joined by a three-story-high atrium and include spaces for lectures, faculty offices, and classrooms. The café at Bauer Hall includes the only on-campus Starbucks.

In October 2019, Olin Business School ranked #1 on Inc.com's Best Business Schools for Entrepreneurship.[84] In January 2020, Olin was named the Poets&Quants MBA Program of 2019.[85]

Undergraduate BSBA students take 40–60% of their courses within the business school and are able to formally declare majors in eight areas: accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, healthcare management, marketing, managerial economics and strategy, organization and human resources, International Business, and operations and supply chain management. Graduate students are able to pursue an MBA either full-time or part-time. Students may also take elective courses from other disciplines at Washington University, including law and many other fields. Mark P. Taylor is the Dean of the Olin Business School.

School of Design and Visual Arts edit

Main article: Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts
 
The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum

The Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts was founded in 2006, merging the existing academic units of Architecture and Art with the university's museum. The School comprises:

  • College of Architecture
  • Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design
  • College of Art
  • Graduate School of Art
  • Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, considered one of the most distinguished university art collections in the country[86]

In October 2006 the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum moved into new facilities designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect, and former faculty member, Fumihiko Maki.[87] The art museum was first established in 1881 and was the first art museum west of the Mississippi River. It houses most of the university's art and sculpture collections, including pieces by Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg, Jenny Holzer, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Willem de Kooning, Henri Matisse, Joan Miró, and Rembrandt van Rijn, among others.

McKelvey School of Engineering edit

Main article: McKelvey School of Engineering
 
Cupples Hall

The McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis (WashU Engineering) is a school with 88 tenured and tenure-track professors, 40 additional full-time faculty, 1,300 undergraduate students, 560 master's students, 380 PhD students, and more than 20,000 alumni. Aaron Bobick serves as dean of the school.

With approximately $27 million in annual research awards, the school focuses intellectual efforts on medicine and health, energy and environment, entrepreneurship, and security. The school is ranked among the top 50 by the magazine U.S. News & World Report, and the biomedical engineering graduate program was ranked 12th by U.S. News & World Report in 2012–2013.

On January 31, 2019, the School of Engineering & Applied Science was renamed the James McKelvey School of Engineering, in honor of trustee and distinguished alumnus Jim McKelvey Jr., the co-founder of Square, after his donation of an undisclosed sum that the school's dean, Aaron Bobick, said has been the largest in the school's 162-year history.

School of Law edit

Main article: Washington University School of Law

Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Doctoris (JD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 credit hours of coursework for the JD. In the 2022 and 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings, the law school ranked 16th nationally.[88] The law school offers a full-time day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997).

 
Anheuser Busch Hall, home to the School of Law

Medicine edit

Main article: Washington University School of Medicine

The Washington University School of Medicine was founded in 1891. In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings of U.S. medical schools, it was ranked sixth for research[89] and tied for 31st for primary care.[90] The McDonnell Genome Institute (directed by Richard K. Wilson) is housed within the Washington University School of Medicine; it is one of three NIH-funded major DNA sequencing centers in the U.S. and played a significant role in the Human Genome Project.[91] In 2022, the Washington University School of Medicine was the third medical school in the United States that received the most NIH funding.[92][93]

 
Washington University School of Medicine

The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.

Social Work and Public Health edit

Main article: George Warren Brown School of Social Work

With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and a PhD in Public Health Sciences. It is currently ranked first among Master of Social Work programs in the United States.[94] The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company. The school was the first in the country to have a building for the purpose of social work education, and it is also a founding member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health.

McDonnell International Scholars Academy edit

The McDonnell International Scholars Academy (MISA) is an alliance between universities that supports collaboration on research, development of joint educational opportunities, and joint research conferences.[95][96] The program is named after John F. McDonnell, who provided an initial $10 million gift to establish the academy in 2005.[97] MISA features a graduate-level endowed scholarship program for international students to study at Washington University.[98] Founded in 2005, the academy's core mission is to develop a community of future global leaders from partner institutions worldwide.[99] The program is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States.[100]

Former dental school edit

Main article: Washington University School of Dental Medicine

Founded as the Missouri Dental College in 1866, the Washington University School of Dental Medicine was the first dental school west of the Mississippi River[101] and the sixth dental school in the United States. The school closed in 1991.[102]

Rankings and reputation edit

 
Seigle Hall, shared by the School of Law and the College of Arts and Sciences

Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 24th in the nation in the 2023 U.S. News & World Report National Universities ranking,[111] and 11th by The Wall Street Journal in their 2018 rankings.[112] The university is ranked 22nd in the world for 2019 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.[113] Undergraduate admission to Washington University is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation and U.S. News & World Report as "most selective".[14][114] The Princeton Review, in its 2020 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99.[115] The acceptance rate for the class of 2026 (those entering in the fall of 2022) was 11.3%, with students selected from more than 33,000 applications. Of students admitted, 91 percent were in the top 10 percent of their class.[116]

Undergraduate admissions statistics
2020 entering
class[117]Change vs.
2015[118]
Admit rate10.0%
(  −0.7)
Yield rate40.2%
(  +5.1)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total1480-1560
(  +5 median)
ACT Composite33–35
(  +2.5 median)
 
Eads Hall

The Princeton Review ranked Washington University first for Best College Dorms and third for Best College Food, Best-Run Colleges, and Best Financial Aid in its 2020 edition.[119] In its 2022 edition, Princeton Review also ranked Washington University as number 2 for "Top Entrepreneurship Under Ten Thousand Students", #1 for "Top Midwest Entreprenuerships", as a "Colleges That Create Futures" and of having a great quality of life.[120] Niche listed the university as the best college for architecture and the second-best college campus and college dorms in the United States in 2020.[121] The Washington University School of Medicine was ranked sixth for research by U.S. News & World Report in 2020 and has been listed among the top ten medical schools since the rankings were first published in 1987.[122] Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's genetics and physical therapy as tied for first place.[123][124] QS World University Rankings ranked Washington University sixth in the world for anatomy and physiology in 2020.[125] In January 2020, Olin Business School was named the Poets&Quants MBA Program of 2019.[85] Washington University has also been recognized as the 12th best university employer in the country by Forbes.[126]

Washington University was named one of the "25 New Ivies" by Newsweek in 2006[127] and has also been called a "Hidden Ivy".[128]

 
Ridgley Hall

A 2014 study ranked Washington University #1 in the country for income inequality[129] About 22% of Washington University's students came from the top 1%, while only about 6% came from the bottom 60%.[130][131][132] In response to this, in 2015, university administration announced plans to increase the number of Pell-eligible recipients on campus from 6% to 13% by 2020,[133][134][135] and in 2019 15% of the university's student body was eligible for Pell Grants.[136] In October 2019, then newly inaugurated Chancellor Andrew D. Martin announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program that provides a free undergraduate education to all full-time Missouri and Southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant-eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less.[137]

The American Talent Initiative found Washington University had the highest Pell growth rate among 130 major universities between the 2015–16 and 2019–20 academic years.[138]

School Rankings
Ranking #
U.S. News & World Report (Medicine) 6[122]
U.S. News & World Report (Law) 16[139]
U.S. News & World Report (MBA) 30[140]
U.S. News & World Report (Social Work) 2[141]
BusinessWeek (BSBA) 25[142]
Design Intelligence (Architecture) 10[143]
Financial Times (EMBA – World Rank) 8[144]

Research, research centers, and institutes edit

Virtually all faculty members at Washington University engage in academic research,[145] offering opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students across the university's seven schools. Known for its interdisciplinarity and departmental collaboration, many of Washington University's research centers and institutes are collaborative efforts between many areas on campus.[146] More than 60% of undergraduates are involved in faculty research across all areas;[147] it is an institutional priority for undergraduates to be allowed to participate in advanced research. According to the Center for Measuring University Performance, it is considered to be one of the top 10 private research universities in the nation.[148] A dedicated Office of Undergraduate Research is located on the Danforth Campus and serves as a resource to post research opportunities, advise students in finding appropriate positions matching their interests, publish undergraduate research journals, and award research grants to make it financially possible to perform research.[149]

 
Brown Hall

According to the National Science Foundation, Washington University spent $920 million on research and development in 2020, ranking it 28th in the nation.[150] The university has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007.[151] Washington University and its Medical School play a large part in the Human Genome Project, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence.[152] The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.[153]

NASA hosts its Planetary Data System Geosciences Node on the campus of Washington University. Professors, students, and researchers have been heavily involved with many unmanned missions to Mars. Professor Raymond Arvidson has been deputy principal investigator of the Mars Exploration Rover mission and co-investigator of the Phoenix lander robotic arm.[154]

Washington University professor Joseph Lowenstein, with the assistance of several undergraduate students, has been involved in editing, annotating, making a digital archive of the first publication of poet Edmund Spenser's collective works in 100 years. A large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities was given to support this project centralized at Washington University with support from other colleges in the United States.[155]

In 2019, Folding@Home, a distributed computing project for performing molecular dynamics simulations of protein dynamics, was moved to Washington University School of Medicine from Stanford University. The project, currently led by Greg Bowman, uses the idle CPU time of personal computers owned by volunteers to conduct protein folding research.[156] Folding@home's research is primarily focused on biomedical problems such as Alzheimer's disease, Cancer, Coronavirus disease 2019, and Ebola virus disease. In April 2020, Folding@home became the world's first exaFLOP computing system with a peak performance of 1.5 exaflops, making it more than seven times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer, Summit, and more powerful than the top 100 supercomputers in the world, combined.[157][158]

Museums and library system edit

Main article: Washington University Libraries

With 12 libraries, the Washington University library system is the largest in the state of Missouri, containing over 4.2 million volumes.[159] The main library, Olin Library, is centrally located on the Danforth Campus. In 2020, the Princeton Review ranked the Olin Library among the top 10 "Best College Libraries" in the United States.[160] The other 11 libraries in the system include:

 
Olin Library
  • Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library
  • Business Library
  • Chemistry Library
  • East Asian Library
  • Law Library
  • Kenneth and Nancy Bernard Becker Medical Library
  • Music Library
  • Physics Library
  • Social Work Library
  • Special Collections & Archives
  • West Campus Library
 
Reading room in Anheuser-Busch Hall

The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country.[161] The collection includes works from 19th-, 20th-, and 21st-century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrandt, Robert Rauschenberg, Barbara Kruger, and Christian Boltanski. Also in the complex is the 3,000 sq ft (300 m2) Newman Money Museum exhibiting the collection of American numismatist Eric P. Newman. In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki. The Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall, which was Maki's first commission in 1959.

Campus life edit

Main article: Campus life at Washington University in St. Louis
Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[162] Total
White 48% 48
 
Asian 18% 18
 
Hispanic 11% 11
 
Black 9% 9
 
Other[a] 7% 7
 
Foreign national 7% 7
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 15% 15
 
Affluent[c] 85% 85
 

Student organizations edit

 
Women's Building

Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.[163] Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which, as of fiscal year 2020, has an annual budget of $3.6[164] million that is completely student-controlled and is one of the largest student government budgets in the country. Known as SU for short, the Student Union sponsors large-scale campus programs including WILD (a semesterly concert in the quad) and free copies of the New York Times, USA Today, and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch through The Collegiate Readership Program; it also funds the campus television station, WUTV, and the radio station, KWUR. KWUR was named best radio station in St. Louis of 2003 by the Riverfront Times despite the fact its signal reaches only a few blocks beyond the boundaries of the campus.[165] The Congress of the South 40 (CS40) is a Residential Life and Events Programming Board, which operates outside of the SU sphere. CS40's funding comes from the housing activities fee of each student living in the South 40.

Many of these organizations and other campus life amenities are housed in the $43 million Danforth University Center on the Danforth Campus, also dedicated in honor of the Danforth family.[166] The building opened on August 11, 2008, and earned LEED Gold certification for its environmentally friendly design.[167]

 
McMillan Hall

Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus, including 13 official a cappella groups. The Pikers, an all-male group, is the oldest such group on campus. The Greenleafs, an all-female group is the oldest (and only) female group on campus. The Mosaic Whispers, founded in 1991, is the oldest co-ed group on campus. They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums, including Ben Folds' Ben Folds Presents: University A Cappella! The Amateurs,[168] who also appeared on this album, is another co-ed a cappella group on campus, founded in 1991. They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively. After Dark[169] is a co-ed a cappella group founded in 2001. It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording (CARA) awards. In 2008 the group performed on MSNBC during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about Joe Biden and Sarah Palin.[170] The Ghost Lights, founded in 2010, is the campus's newest and only Broadway, Movies, and Television soundtrack group. They have performed multiple philanthropic concerts in the greater St. Louis area and were honored in November 2010 with the opportunity to perform for Nobel Laureate Douglass North at his birthday celebration. More Fools than Wise is a chamber jazz group, and The Aristocats feature Disney songs.

The campus newspaper is Student Life. The paper is published twice a week under the auspices of Washington University Student Media, Inc., an independent not-for-profit organization incorporated in 1999. The paper was first founded in 1878, making it one of the oldest student newspapers in the country.

Washington University also has a bridge team and, as of 2022, one of the largest collegiate bridge clubs in the country. The team placed second nationally in the Collegiate Bridge Bowl at the 2022 North American Bridge Championships.[171]

Greek life edit

 
Fraternity Buildings

Washington University has eleven fraternities and nine sororities on campus. In 2012, the chapter of Sigma Alpha Mu was closed following violations of drug and alcohol policies among students.[172] In 2020, a large number of Greek life members, primarily from sororities permanently deactivated from their chapters as a result of perceived systematic oppression, racism, and sexism. Some students called for the total abolition of Greek Life on campus.[173] As of Spring 2021, approximately 14% of the student body participated in Greek Life.[174]

Residences edit

 
The South 40

Washington University is number one on the Princeton Review's "Best College Dorms" list for 2020.[175]

Over 50% of undergraduate students live on campus.[176] Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (16 ha). It is the location of all freshman buildings as well as several sophomore buildings, which are set up in the traditional residential college system. All of the residential halls are co-ed. The dormitories on the South 40 have grown national recognition for their large size and large number of amenities.[36] The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian-friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp. Bear's Den (the largest dining hall on campus), the Habif Health and Wellness Center (Student Health Services), the Residential Life Office, University police Headquarters, various student-owned businesses, and the baseball, softball, and intramural fields are also located on the South 40.

Another group of residences, known as the Village, is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus. Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars, the North Side consists of Millbrook Apartments, The Village, Village East on-campus apartments, and all fraternity houses except the Zeta Beta Tau house, which is off campus and located just northwest of the South 40. Sororities at Washington University do not have houses by their own accord. The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24, known as BLOCs, to live together in clustered suites along with non-BLOCs. Like the South 40, the residences around the Village also surround a recreational lawn.

In addition to South 40 and North Side residence halls, Washington University owns several apartment buildings within walking distance to Danforth Campus, which are open to upperclassmen.

Student media edit

Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's student newspaper, Student Life, is available for students. KWUR (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-form musical programming. WUTV is the university's closed-circuit television channel. The university's main student-run political publication is the Washington University Political Review (nicknamed "WUPR"), a self-described "multipartisan" monthly magazine. Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals, The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine. A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, the student-run satirical newspaper.[177]

Athletics edit

Main article: Washington University Bears
 
Francis Olympic Field during the 1904 St. Louis Olympics

Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 23 NCAA Division III Championships— two in women's cross country (2011, 2018), one in women's indoor track and field (2017), one in women's outdoor track and field (2017), one in men's tennis (2008), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010),[178] ten in women's volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009),[179] and one in women's soccer (2016)[180] – and 217 UAA titles in 16 different sports.[181] The Athletic Department was headed by John Schael for 36 years, who served as director of athletics in the period 1978–2014.[182] The 2000 Division III Central Region winner of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics/Continental Airlines Athletics Director of the Year award,[183] Schael helped orchestrate the Bears athletics transformation into one of the top departments in Division III.[183] Schael was succeeded by Josh Whitman, 2014–2016. The department is now led by Anthony J. Azama.

Washington University also has an extensive club sports program, with teams ranging from men's volleyball[184] to women's Ultimate Frisbee. The Washington University men's club water polo team has been particularly successful, capturing the Collegiate Water Polo Association Division III Club National Championship title in 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.[185][186] Funding for club sports comes from the Student Union budget, as each club is deemed a campus group.

Washington University is home of Francis Field, site of the 1904 Summer Olympics. Francis Field is also home of the Washington University football, soccer, and track and field teams.

Traditions edit

 
Gates at Francis Field
  • WILD – Walk In, Lay Down, the semesterly concert in the Quad which brings in popular musical acts.
  • Thurtene Carnival – The oldest and largest student-run carnival in the nation,[187][188] run by Thurtene Honorary.[189]
  • Vertigo – A dance party put on by the Engineering School Council (EnCouncil), featuring an innovative 8-by-16-foot (2.4 by 4.9 m) computer-controlled modular LED illuminated dance floor built by students.
  • Cultural shows – Each year Washington University student groups put on several multicultural shows. Ashoka, the South Asian student association, puts on a performance for Diwali, the Indian festival of lights, that includes a skit and dances. Black Anthology is a student-run performance arts show celebrating black culture. Lunar New Year Festival is a student group that puts on a performance in collaboration with a philantropy partner organization to celebrate the Lunar New Year through various Asian performing arts. Africa Week and the African Film Festival are annual events hosted by the African Students Association. Finally, the Association of Latin American Students showcases various forms of Latin and Spanish dances during their performance, Carnaval.
  • Brookings Hall – A superstition among students to never step on the university seal at Brookings Hall. It is said that doing so will prevent one from graduating on time.[190]
  • Convocation – A large gathering for new students and their families intended to welcome them to the university. Among others, it includes speeches from seniors and university leadership.[191]
  • DUC N' Donuts – Taking place on the first Friday of every month at the Danforth University Center (DUC), this tradition allows students to learn about monthly events while enjoying free coffee and donuts.[190]
  • Cheap Lunch – Every Wednesday, the Engineering School Council (EnCouncil), provides pizza, chips, and cookies for a low cost.[192][193]
  • Art Prom – Every Spring, students from the Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts host a “formal” dance with a creative twist.[194]
  • Underpass Panels – A series of panels along the walls of the underpass connecting the South 40 to the main Danforth Campus. Tradition involves the painting of each panel by students and clubs to advertise upcoming events. Located adjacent to the underpass is a large concrete ball, also painted to advertise student events.[195]

Notable people edit

Main articles: List of Washington University alumni, List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty, and List of Washington University faculty and staff

Washington University counts more than 156,000 living alumni, 29 Rhodes Scholars, and 26 Nobel laureates affiliated with the university as faculty or students.[196][197][17]

Alumni edit

Faculty edit

Notable faculty include economist and Nobel Memorial Prize winner Douglass North;[262] husband and wife biochemists and co-Nobel Prize winners Carl and Gerty Cori;[263][264] 56th governor of Missouri Eric Greitens;[265] cofounder and first executive director of the ACLU Roger Nash Baldwin,[266] physicist and Nobel Prize winner Arthur Holly Compton;[267] novelists Stanley Elkin[268] and William Gass;[269][270] Head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and 5th President of MIT, Henry Smith Pritchett;[271] leading ecologist Barry Commoner;[272][273] poets Carl Phillips[274] and Mary Jo Bang;[275] architects Fumihiko Maki[276] and Louis C. Spering;[277] American legal scholar Bruce H. Mann,[278] neurologist and Nobel Prize winner Rita Levi-Montalcini;[279] United States Senator from Missouri Thomas Eagleton,[280] notable artist Max Beckmann;[281] sex researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson;[282] Poets Laureate Howard Nemerov and Mona Van Duyn; sociologist and "outlaw Marxist" Alvin Ward Gouldner; attorney, former Counsel to Vice-president Al Gore and former Tennessee Attorney General Charles Burson; writer and culture critic Gerald Early;[283] founder of the American Association of university Arthur Oncken Lovejoy;[284] video game designer Ian Bogost;[285] economist, and former Chair of President Ronald Reagan's Council of Economic Advisors, Murray Weidenbaum;[286] chairman and CEO of Merck & Co. Roy Vagelos,[287] chemist Joseph W. Kennedy, co-discoverer of the element plutonium; sociologist Adia Harvey Wingfield;[288] former vice president of the National Academy of Sciences, Barbara Schaal,[289] first woman Director of both the National Gallery of Canada and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Jean Sutherland Boggs;[290] Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Wiley Rutledge,[291] chemist Holden Thorp, editor-in-chief of Science Magazine,[292] and Law Professor Peter Mutharika, former president of Malawi.[293]

  1. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  2. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  3. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

References edit

  1. ^ Flory, Julie (20 September 2021). "Washington University Managed Endowment Pool generates record 65% return". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "University Facts". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved Oct 9, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Current Enrollment & Graduation Data: Spring 2019". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  4. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis (About)". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  5. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis – Biology Department. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  6. ^ "IPEDS-Washington University in St Louis". from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  7. ^ "Color Palettes | Office of Public Affairs | Washington University in St. Louis". from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  8. ^ Quinn, Kay (March 24, 2022). "Vintage KSDK: The founding of Washington University in St. Louis". from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  9. ^ "Mail Services | Resource Management | Washington University in St. Louis". resourcemanagement.wustl.edu. from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  10. ^ "Enrollments, Degrees, and Admissions". FACTS 2009. from the original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  11. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis homepage. Archived from the original on July 20, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  12. ^ a b . Washington University in St. Louis: University Libraries. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
  13. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis: Association of American Universities (AAU)". www.aau.edu. from the original on 2020-04-12. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  14. ^ a b "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  15. ^ "Rankings by total R&D expenditures". National Science Foundation. from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  16. ^ "Nobel Prize Winners". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
  17. ^ a b "Washington University in St. Louis: Nobel Prize awarded to WashU economist Philip Dybvig". India Education. 2022-10-20. from the original on 2023-01-07. Retrieved 2023-01-07. Dybvig joins a prestigious list of 26 Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University. Dybvig joined Olin's faculty in 1990. He previously taught at Princeton University and was tenured at Yale University. He has published two textbooks and more than 35 articles in leading journals.
  18. ^ "About Arts & Sciences". Arts & Sciences. 2021-06-03. from the original on 2022-04-19. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
  19. ^ "Charter | Board of Trustees | Washington University in St. Louis". boardoftrustees.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  20. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis Magazine. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  21. ^ Rectenwald, Miranda. "Research Guides: WU History FAQ: Origin of Washington University's Name". libguides.wustl.edu. from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  22. ^ . Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Projects. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  23. ^ "History and Traditions". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  24. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-24. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  25. ^ Gerfen, Katie (February 25, 2020). "Washington University's East End Transformation". Architect Magazine. from the original on 2023-01-09. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  26. ^ a b "Architecture of Danforth Campus". Wustl.edu. from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  27. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus, 1899-1951". St. Louis County. from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  28. ^ . Wustl.edu. March 8, 1918. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  29. ^ a b "Arthur Holly Compton". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  30. ^ "History". www.mir.wustl.edu. from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  31. ^ Allison, Samuel K. (1965). "Arthur Holly Compton 1892–1962". Biographical Memoirs. National Academy of Sciences. 38: 81–110. ISSN 0077-2933. OCLC 1759017.
  32. ^ . Wustl.edu. February 22, 1946. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  33. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". NobelPrize.org. from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  34. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis: University Libraries. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
  35. ^ Amy M. Pfeiffenberger, "Democracy at Home: The Struggle to Desegregate Washington University in the Postwar Era," Gateway-Heritage (Missouri Historical Society), vol. 10, no. 3 (Winter 1989), pp. 17–24.
  36. ^ a b "South 40 Residential Colleges". Students. 2018-10-29. from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  37. ^ . Wustl.edu. October 14, 1958. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  38. ^ O'Connor, Candace (2003). Beginning a Great Work: Washington University in St. Louis, 1853-2003. Washington University in St. Louis. p. 207. ISBN 9780972096645.
  39. ^ . Wustl.edu. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  40. ^ "Mark Stephen Wrighton | Leadership | About | Washington University in St. Louis". Wustl.edu. from the original on July 4, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  41. ^ Watts, Judy H. "Washington University in St. Louis Magazine". Magazine.wustl.edu. from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  42. ^ Winter, Greg (December 22, 2003). "A Mighty Fund-Raising Effort Helps Lift a College's Ranking". The New York Times. from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  43. ^ "It's time to end St. Louis's stranglehold on presidential debates". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. from the original on 2020-05-30. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  44. ^ Camia, Catalina. "Ready for debates? 16 sites eager to be 2016 hosts". USA TODAY. from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  45. ^ "Cortex Innovation Community". www.cortexstl.com. from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  46. ^ Wagner, Julie (2016-05-05). "In St. Louis, a gateway to innovation and inclusion". Brookings. from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  47. ^ "U.S. Ballooning Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony" (PDF). National Balloon Museum. (PDF) from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  48. ^ Griffith, Rob (July 2, 2002). "Steve Fossett completes first around-the-world solo balloon quest". Arizona Daily Sun. Associated Press. from the original on January 9, 2023.
  49. ^ Rhee, Helen. . Archived from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  50. ^ "Secretary-General's remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy [as prepared for delivery]". United Nations Secretary-General. 2014-03-11. from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  51. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University in St. Louis". from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  52. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy". Global. from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  53. ^ . The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2022-06-26. Archived from the original on 2022-06-26. Retrieved 2022-06-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  54. ^ a b "East End Transformation of the Danforth Campus | Campus Next | Washington University in St. Louis". campusnext.wustl.edu. from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  55. ^ "Andrew Martin appointed 15th chancellor of Washington University". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2018-07-14. from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  56. ^ Kirn, Jacob (October 3, 2019). "New Washington U chancellor unveils free tuition plan for families making $75K or less". St. Louis Business Journal.
  57. ^ Nelson, Alisa (October 4, 2019). "Prestigious private Missouri university to offer free college to qualifying students". Missourinet. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  58. ^ a b Nietzel, Michael T. "Washington University Is Going Need-Blind In Admissions". Forbes. from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  59. ^ Bernhard, Blythe (5 October 2021). "Washington University to boost student financial aid by $1 billion". STLtoday.com. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  60. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis To Launch Scholars Program for First-Gen STEM Students". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. 2022-04-13. from the original on 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  61. ^ "India and China clear needle-free COVID-19 vaccines". AP NEWS. 2022-09-06. from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  62. ^ "History of debates at Washington University in St. Louis | Newsroom | Washington University in St. Louis". News-info.wustl.edu. June 26, 2008. from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  63. ^ "Lost site: Presidential campaigns drop St. Louis from debate schedule". Record.wustl.edu. from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  64. ^ "Second presidential debate 2016: What time, how to watch and live stream online". CBS News. 9 October 2016. from the original on 2022-10-12. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  65. ^ Wright, Travis (2016-10-18). "How Social Marketing Technology Helped WashU Win the Presidential Debate". Inc.com. from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  66. ^ "Wrighton: 2008 debate bid 'improbable' – News". Media.studlife.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  67. ^ "Vice Presidential Candidates Debate | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. from the original on 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  68. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis – Vice Presidential Debate 2008". Debate.wustl.edu. from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  69. ^ "Washington University not to enter bid for 2020 presidential debate". Student Life. 4 April 2019. from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
  70. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District - National Historic Landmark". stlouis-mo.gov. from the original on 2022-08-25. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  71. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District". LandmarkHunter.com. from the original on 2023-01-12. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  72. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  73. ^ "Metro Transit U-Pass | Parking & Transportation | Washington University in St. Louis". parking.wustl.edu. from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  74. ^ "Olin Hall". Washington University School of Medicine. from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
  75. ^ "Washington University Receives $7.6 Million Grant from National Cancer Institute". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. 2019-10-20. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  76. ^ Barr, Diana (May 16, 2022). "Washington University researchers receive $61M federal grant for biomedical research". from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  77. ^ "Washington University to break ground on major neuroscience research hub". Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. 2020-03-06. from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  78. ^ Clendennen, Andy (July 23, 2004). "Sun rises on University's North Campus". Record. from the original on August 29, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
  79. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis homepage. Archived from the original on October 13, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
  80. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  81. ^ Flory, Julie Hail (2020-03-30). "Hu appointed dean of the faculty of Arts & Sciences". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  82. ^ "Olin Business School | Alumni | Washington University Business School Alumni". Olin.wustl.edu. from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  83. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis Endowment Fund". Endowments.com. from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  84. ^ "The Best Business Schools for Entrepreneurship". Inc.com. October 28, 2019. from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  85. ^ a b Byrne, John A. (2020-01-14). "MBA Program Of The Year: Washington University's Newly Revamped MBA". Poets&Quants. from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  86. ^ Eckmann, Sabine (2016). Spotlights: Collected by the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum. Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum. ISBN 978-0936316420.
  87. ^ Otten, Liam (October 25, 2006). "Washington University in St. Louis Magazine". Magazine.wustl.edu. from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  88. ^ "Best Law Schools: 2020". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on March 20, 2017.
  89. ^ Best Medical Schools: Research March 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (2019), U.S. News & World Report.
  90. ^ Best Medical Schools: Primary Care June 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (2019), U.S. News & World Report.
  91. ^ "About the McDonnell Genome Institute". McDonnell Genome Institute. April 5, 2018. from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  92. ^ "Home | Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research". brimr.org. 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  93. ^ Niemeyer, Kelly Wiese (2023-02-07). "WashU Medicine reaches new heights as it climbs to No. 3 in NIH research funding". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  94. ^ "America's Best Graduate Schools 2009: Health: Social Work". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on April 27, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  95. ^ "Major Indo-US Advanced Bioenergy Consortium launches". Biodiesel Magazine. 2014-10-17. from the original on 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  96. ^ "IIT Delhi students to be mentored by Washington University". The Times of India. 2017-12-15. from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  97. ^ "Educating Future World Leaders". Washington Magazine. from the original on 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  98. ^ "Secretary-General's remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy". United Nations. March 11, 2014. from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  99. ^ "Brisbane McDonnell academy symposium to tackle world's great challenges". Get STEM. 20 September 2016. from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  100. ^ "Newly inaugurated Washington University Chancellor Andrew D. Martin makes 'WashU Pledge'". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2019-10-03. from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  101. ^ "Longtime dentist going strong after six decades of work". Arkansas Online. 2012-09-30. from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  102. ^ Shapiro, Jordan (10 June 2015). "New St. Louis dental clinic looks to close gaps in coverage". STLtoday.com. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  103. ^ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  104. ^ "Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022". The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  105. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  106. ^ "2022 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  107. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  108. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities". Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  109. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
  110. ^ "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  111. ^ "U.S. News & World Report College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 2020. from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  112. ^ "College Rankings". WSJ. from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  113. ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019". Academic Ranking of World Universities. from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  114. ^ "WashU Selectivity Rating". from the original on 2019-07-04. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  115. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  116. ^ "WU admits 3,600 students, record-low 10% of applicants, to Class of 2026 - Student Life". 15 April 2022. from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  117. ^ "Common Data Set 2020–2021" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis. (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved Mar 18, 2022.
  118. ^ "Common Data Set 2015–2016" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis. (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved Mar 18, 2022.
  119. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  120. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  121. ^ "2020 Washington University in St. Louis Rankings". Niche. from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  122. ^ a b "2021 Best Medical Schools: Research". from the original on March 20, 2018.
  123. ^ "Best Genetics Programs". from the original on November 24, 2019.
  124. ^ "Best Physical Therapy Programs". from the original on February 5, 2020.
  125. ^ "Anatomy & Physiology". Top Universities. 2020-02-24. from the original on 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  126. ^ "America's Best Large Employers". Forbes. from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  127. ^ "America's 25 New Elite 'Ivies'". Newsweek. 2006-08-20. from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  128. ^ Greene, Howard; Greene, Matthew (2016). The Hidden Ivies, 3rd Edition: 63 of America's Top Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities. New York: Cliff Street Books. ISBN 978-0-06-095362-1.
  129. ^ "The Most Economically Diverse Top Colleges". The New York Times. 2014-09-08. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  130. ^ "Some Colleges Have More Students From the Top 1 Percent Than the Bottom 60. Find Yours". The New York Times. 2017-01-18. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  131. ^ "A Distinction Washington U. Wants to Lose: Least Economically Diverse". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2015-02-26. from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  132. ^ "At top colleges, diversity not just black-white". NBC News. 28 April 2011. from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  133. ^ Schienvar, Emily (22 January 2015). "University announces plan to increase Pell-eligible numbers". Student Life. from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  134. ^ Leonhardt, David (2015-01-15). "The Least Economically Diverse Top College, Seeking to Change". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  135. ^ "Washington University Made An Effort To Increase Diversity, And It's Working". HuffPost. 2015-06-29. from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  136. ^ Jenkins, Wesley (2019-12-18). "Washington U. Is No Longer America's Least Economically Diverse College. Is That Good Enough?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  137. ^ "Washington University unveils tuition-free aid program". AP NEWS. 2019-10-04. from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  138. ^ Kurzweil, Martin; LaViolet, Tania; Davidson Pisacreta, Elizabeth; Rabinowitz, Adam; Schwartz, Emily; Wyner, Josh. "Expanding Opportunity for Lower-Income Students" (PDF). American Talent Initiative. (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  139. ^ "2021 Best Law Schools". from the original on March 20, 2017.
  140. ^ "2021 Best Business Schools". from the original on March 14, 2012.
  141. ^ "Top Health Schools". Usnews.com. from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  142. ^ Levy, Francesca; Rodkin, Jonathan. "These Are the Best Undergraduate Business Schools of 2016". Bloomberg.com. from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  143. ^ "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools 2016 - DesignIntelligence". Di.net. from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  144. ^ . Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  145. ^ "Opportunities for Students | Washington University in St. Louis". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  146. ^ "Research by School | Washington University in St. Louis". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  147. ^ . Washington University in St. Louis: Admissions. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  148. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  149. ^ "Office of Undergraduate Research | Washington University in St. Louis". Ur.wustl.edu. from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  150. ^ "Table 20. Higher education R&D expenditures, ranked by FY 2018 R&D expenditures: FYs 2009–18". ncsesdata.nsf.gov. National Science Foundation. from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  151. ^ (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis: Office of Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  152. ^ . Archived from the original on May 5, 2009.
  153. ^ . Archived from the original on May 30, 2009.
  154. ^ Fitzpatrick, Tony (June 12, 2008). "WUSTL plays key role in Phoenix Mars Mission". Record. from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  155. ^ "National Endowment for the Humanities Awards and Offers, June 2009" (PDF). June 1, 2009. (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  156. ^ "Computational biology project aims to better understand protein folding". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2019-02-26. from the original on 2020-04-10. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  157. ^ Patrizio, Andy (2020-04-01). "Thousands of PCs break exaFLOP barrier". Network World. from the original on 2020-04-12. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  158. ^ "Folding@home stats report". archive.is. 2020-04-08. Archived from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  159. ^ "Library Facts: By the Numbers". Washington University in St. Louis Libraries. from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
  160. ^ . www.princetonreview.com. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  161. ^ "Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum - St. Louis, MO". greatriverroad.com. 23 October 2019. from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  162. ^ "College Scorecard: Washington University in St. Louis". United States Department of Education. from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  163. ^ . Washington University Student Union. Archived from the original on December 17, 2006.
  164. ^ "Secure Login". Connect.wustl.edu. from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
  165. ^ . Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
  166. ^ . Student Life. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  167. ^ . Danforth University Center. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  168. ^ "The Amateurs website". Theamateurs.org. from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  169. ^ "After Dark website". Wuafterdark.com. from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  170. ^ "Wash U. Palin/Biden Love Song October 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine" from "cbsnews.com" (October 3, 2008) accessed March 17, 2012
  171. ^ "About Us | WashU Bridge Club | Washington University in St. Louis". sites.wustl.edu. from the original on 2022-01-03. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  172. ^ Levitt, Aimee. "Fat, Drunk and Stupid: Sigma Alpha Mu Frat Kicked Out of Wash. U." Riverfront Times. from the original on 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  173. ^ Butler, Jayla (29 September 2020). "Following a summer of mass deactivations, Campus Life considers next steps for Greek Life". Student Life. from the original on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  174. ^ Doores, Beth (July 29, 2021). "Sorority and Fraternity Life Spring 2021 Report" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis. (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  175. ^ "Best College Dorms | The Princeton Review". www.princetonreview.com. from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  176. ^ "WU Residential Life Office". Reslife.wustl.edu. from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  177. ^ "WUnderground – WashU's Premier (and only) satirical newspaper!". Wunderground.wustl.edu. from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  178. ^ . Washington University Athletics. Archived from the original on April 8, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
  179. ^ . Washington University Athletics. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  180. ^ "WUSTL Athletics". WUSTL Athletics. from the original on 2021-10-15. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  181. ^ . Washington University Athletics. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
  182. ^ Moore, Tim. "John Schael". St Louis Sports Hall of Fame. from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  183. ^ a b . Washington University Athletics. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  184. ^ "Washington University in St Louis Men's Club Volleyball". Sites.google.com. from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  185. ^ . Collegiatewaterpolo.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-08-22.
  186. ^ . Collegiatewaterpolo.org. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  187. ^ "Thurtene Carnival is a highlight of spring". stltoday.com. from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  188. ^ "April 21-23, 2017". Thurtene.org. from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  189. ^ Schoenherr, Neil (April 19, 2006). "Let your imagination ride at Thurtene Carnival April 22–23". Washington University in St. Louis News & Information. from the original on August 28, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
  190. ^ a b "Campus Traditions | Undergraduate Admissions | Washington University in St. Louis". Undergraduate Admissions. from the original on 2020-03-02. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  191. ^ "Convocation | New Students | Washington University in St. Louis". newstudents.wustl.edu. from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  192. ^ "Cheap Lunch". WashU.
  193. ^ "Cheap Lunch EnCouncil".
  194. ^ "Art Prom". Students. 2018-11-05. from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  195. ^ "Underpass Panels | Event Management | Washington University in St. Louis". eventmanagement.wustl.edu. from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  196. ^ "University Facts". Washington University in St. Louis. from the original on 2019-07-04. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  197. ^ "U.S. Rhodes Scholarships Number of Winners by Institution U.S. Rhodes Scholars 1904 – 2023" (PDF). The Rhodes Trust. (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  198. ^ "WashU announces donation from Square co-founder to grow engineering school". TechCrunch. 31 January 2019. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  199. ^ "Avram Glazer: who is the Man Utd co-owner and what has he said about European Super League plot?". www.nationalworld.com. 2021-05-05. from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  200. ^ Piper-Shimizu, Stephane (2018-03-02). "Jon Feltheimer". Variety. from the original on 2022-07-30. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  201. ^ Murphy, Doyle. "Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe Is a Wash U Grad". Riverfront Times. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  202. ^ "Speaker: Andrew McCabe, Former Acting & Deputy Director of the FBI | LAI". www.leadingauthorities.com. from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  203. ^ Schechtman, Jeff (2021-11-26). "Business for Good: A Conversation With George Zimmer". WhoWhatWhy. from the original on 2022-04-19. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  204. ^ "Exit Interview: Phil Radford, Greenpeace | Greenbiz". www.greenbiz.com. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  205. ^ "Strategy Study: How Gilead Went From Unprofitable To Biopharmaceutical Giant". www.cascade.app. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  206. ^ "Serbia's new finance minister vows to cut debt, keep fiscal stability". seenews.com. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  207. ^ "Dramatists Play Service, Inc". www.dramatists.com. from the original on 2022-11-27. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  208. ^ "Jim Talent". bipartisanpolicy.org. from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  209. ^ "William H. Webster, February 23, 1978 - May 25, 1987". Federal Bureau of Investigation. from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  210. ^ "William H. Webster". International Spy Museum. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  211. ^ "Chic Hecht, 77, Former Senator and Businessman From Nevada, Is Dead". The New York Times. Associated Press. 2006-05-18. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  212. ^ Seline, Libby (19 October 2018). "Board of Regents Incumbent Hal Daub plans to advocate for affordable tuition". The Daily Nebraskan. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  213. ^ "Alumni Feature: Kenneth Cooper '70". Graland Country Day School. 2021-10-05. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  214. ^ "Interview: Book on African-American leaders includes St. Louis connections". STLPR. 2015-03-03. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  215. ^ "Biography - Mr Hank Klibanoff". ppww.hkbu.edu.hk. from the original on 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  216. ^ "Leana Wen". Carnegie Corporation of New York. from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  217. ^ "Harold Ramis | Walk of Fame". from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  218. ^ "David Merrick". The Official Masterworks Broadway Site. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  219. ^ Rich, Frank (2000-04-27). "David Merrick, 88, Showman Who Ruled Broadway, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  220. ^ "Dal Maxvill – Society for American Baseball Research". from the original on 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  221. ^ Hilts, Philip J. (1998-09-04). "Jonathan Mann, AIDS Pioneer, Is Dead at 51". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  222. ^ Murnane, Kevin. "Deanne Bell's Future Engineers Program Connects Students With NASA And STEM". Forbes. from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  223. ^ Tonnessen, Heather (2016-08-30). "Robert L. Behnken (Colonel, USAF, RET., PH.D.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. from the original on 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  224. ^ Coleman, Ken (May 25, 2022). "Davis makes history, becomes Michigan's first Black female U.S. Appeals Court judge". Michigan Advance. from the original on 2022-11-27. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  225. ^ "Biden Nominates Black Female Michigan Judge for U.S Court of Appeals". The Michigan Chronicle. 2022-02-02. from the original on 2022-11-27. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  226. ^ "Brain On Fire: Wash U. Alum Describes Encounter With Rare Autoimmune Disease". STLPR. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  227. ^ "Pepper Schwartz Ph.D. | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com. from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  228. ^ "CDC Director". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021-10-06. from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  229. ^ Freyer, Felice (December 7, 2020). "Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Biden's choice for CDC chief, brings stellar reputation as scientist and communicator". The Boston Globe. from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  230. ^ "Star Student | University of Iowa". magazine.foriowa.org. from the original on 2022-11-03. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
  231. ^ "Joe Madison". Finding Your Roots. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  232. ^ Ballentine, Summer. "Once a Republican, Koster seeks governorship as a Democrat". Springfield News-Leader. from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  233. ^ "Andrea Palm". HHS.gov. 2021-05-12. from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  234. ^ . TeamUSA.org. United States Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  235. ^ Tietz, Tabea (2019-03-11). "J.C.R. Licklider and Interactive Computing". SciHi Blog. from the original on 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  236. ^ "Nagel, Charles". www.tshaonline.org. from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  237. ^ Stout, David (1996-02-01). "Julian W. Hill, Nylon's Discoverer, Dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
December 15, 2023
washington, university, louis, washu, wustl, private, research, university, with, main, campus, louis, county, missouri, founded, 1853, university, named, after, george, washington, continental, army, general, first, president, united, states, latin, universit. Washington University in St Louis WashU or WUSTL is a private research university with its main campus in St Louis County Missouri Founded in 1853 the university is named after George Washington a Continental Army general and the first president of the United States 8 Washington University in St LouisLatin Universitas WashingtonianaFormer nameEliot Seminary 1853 1854 Washington Institute 1854 1856 Washington University 1856 1976 MottoPer veritatem vis Latin Motto in English Strength through truth TypePrivate research universityEstablishedFebruary 22 1853 170 years ago 1853 02 22 AccreditationHLCAcademic affiliationsAAUCOFHEMISANAICUORAUURASpace grantEndowment 13 3 billion FY2022 1 ChancellorAndrew D MartinProvostBeverly WendlandAcademic staff4 151 2021 2 Administrative staff12 609 2018 2 Total staff19 646 2021 Students16 244 3 Undergraduates7 803 3 Postgraduates8 441 3 LocationSt Louis Missouri United States38 38 53 N 90 18 18 W 38 648 N 90 305 W 38 648 90 305CampusLarge suburb 6 346 5 acres 1 402 km2 Tyson Research Center 1 966 5 acres 3 07 sq mi 795 81 ha 4 5 Other campusesWashington D C MumbaiShanghaiNewspaperStudent LifeColorsRed and green 7 NicknameBearsSporting affiliationsNCAA Division III UAACCIWMascotBearWebsitewustl wbr eduASN2552 Washington University redirects here Not to be confused with University of Washington The university s 169 acre Danforth Campus is the academic home to the majority of the university s undergraduate graduate and professional students which features predominantly Collegiate Gothic style architecture in its academic buildings and is bordered by the Forest Park section of St Louis and Clayton and University City Missouri The university s West Campus is located in Clayton and its North Campus is in the West End section of St Louis Its Medical Campus in the Central West End section of St Louis 9 spans over 17 city blocks and 164 acres and houses the Washington University School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals clinics patient care centers and research facilities It has students and faculty from all 50 U S states and more than 120 countries 10 Washington University is composed of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a range of academic fields 11 To prevent confusion over its location the university s board of trustees added the phrase in St Louis in 1976 12 Washington University has been a member of the Association of American Universities since 1923 and is classified among R1 Doctoral Universities Very high research activity 13 14 The National Science Foundation ranked the university 28th among academic institutions in the United States for research and development R amp D expenditures 15 As of 2022 26 Nobel laureates in economics physiology and medicine chemistry and physics have been affiliated with Washington University 11 having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university 16 17 Contents 1 History 1 1 19th century 1 2 20th century 1 3 U S presidential and vice presidential debates 2 Geography and campuses 2 1 Danforth Campus 2 2 Medical Campus 2 3 North and West Campuses 2 4 Tyson Research Center 3 Academics 3 1 Arts and Sciences 3 2 Business 3 3 School of Design and Visual Arts 3 4 McKelvey School of Engineering 3 5 School of Law 3 6 Medicine 3 7 Social Work and Public Health 3 8 McDonnell International Scholars Academy 3 9 Former dental school 4 Rankings and reputation 5 Research research centers and institutes 6 Museums and library system 7 Campus life 7 1 Student organizations 7 2 Greek life 7 3 Residences 7 4 Student media 7 5 Athletics 7 6 Traditions 8 Notable people 8 1 Alumni 8 2 Faculty 9 References 10 External linksHistory edit19th century edit nbsp William Greenleaf Eliot first president of the Board of Trustees nbsp The Washington University crest at the entrance to Francis Field nbsp Brookings Hall during the 1904 World s FairWashington University was conceived by 17 St Louis business political and religious leaders concerned by the lack of institutions of higher learning in the Midwest 18 Missouri State Senator Wayman Crow and Unitarian minister William Greenleaf Eliot grandfather of the poet T S Eliot led the effort The university s first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853 and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees Early on Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community including John O Fallon but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment The institution had no backing of a religious organization single wealthy patron or earmarked government support To this day Washington University is controlled by a Board of Trustees that by charter appoints its own members 19 During the three years following its inception the university bore three different names The board first approved Eliot Seminary but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith He favored a nonsectarian university 20 Under pressure from Eliot the Board of Trustees created a task force charged with naming the university headed by Samuel Treat Several months later Treat s committee proposed naming the university the Washington Institute after the nation s first president George Washington In 1854 the board of trustees changed the name to Washington Institute in honor of George Washington and because the charter was coincidentally passed on Washington s birthday February 22 21 Naming the university after the nation s first president only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division was no coincidence During this time of conflict Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity The board believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri In 1856 the university amended its name to Washington University The university amended its name once more in 1976 when the board voted to add the suffix in St Louis to distinguish the university from the over two dozen other universities bearing Washington s name 12 nbsp Robert S BrookingsAlthough chartered as a university for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in downtown St Louis Owing to limited financial resources Washington University initially used public buildings Classes began on October 22 1854 at the Benton School building At first the university paid for the evening classes but as their popularity grew their funding was transferred to the St Louis Public Schools 22 Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings Later the university divided into three departments the Manual Training School Smith Academy and the Mary Institute In 1867 the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River By 1882 Washington University had expanded to numerous departments which were housed in various buildings across St Louis Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the university establishing the School of Medicine However by the 1890s the university was on the brink of financial collapse until Robert Sommers Brookings president of the Board of Trustees undertook the task of rebuilding the university s finances and acquiring land for a new campus Brookings was instrumental in raising money for the university since Eliot the primary fundraiser for the university had died In 1896 Holmes Smith professor of Drawing and History of Art designed what would become the basis for the modern day university seal The seal is made up of elements from the Washington family coat of arms and the symbol of Louis IX whom the city is named after 23 Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St Louis bounded by Washington Ave Lucas Place and Locust Street By the 1890s owing to the dramatic expansion of the medical school and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings the university began to move west The university board of directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted Olmsted amp Eliot of Boston A committee of Robert S Brookings Henry Ware Eliot and William Huse found a site of 103 acres 41 7 ha just beyond Forest Park located west of the city limits in St Louis County The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of Hilltop campus renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H Danforth 24 In 1899 the university opened a national design contest for the new campus 25 The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope amp Stewardson same architects who designed a large part of the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities 26 20th century edit nbsp Graham Chapel nbsp Brookings HallThe cornerstone of the first building Busch Hall was laid on October 20 1900 The construction of Brookings Hall Ridgley and Cupples began shortly thereafter 27 The university delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World s Fair and 1904 Summer Olympics which allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus Cope and Stewardson s original plan and its choice of building materials have with few exceptions guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day 26 By 1915 construction of a new medical complex was completed on Kings Highway in what is now St Louis s Central West End In 1918 Washington University admitted its first women medical students 28 In 1922 Arthur Holly Compton a physics professor conducted a series of experiments in the basement of Eads Hall that demonstrated the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation Compton s discovery known as the Compton Effect earned him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1927 29 During World War II as part of the Manhattan Project a cyclotron at Washington University was used to produce small quantities of the newly discovered element plutonium via neutron bombardment of uranium nitrate hexahydrate The plutonium produced there in 1942 was shipped to the Metallurgical Laboratory Compton had established at the University of Chicago where Glenn Seaborg s team used it for extraction purification and characterization studies of the exotic substance 29 30 After working for 22 years at the University of Chicago Compton returned to St Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University s ninth chancellor 31 Compton reestablished the Washington University football team making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a strictly amateur basis with no athletic scholarships Under Compton s leadership enrollment at the university grew dramatically fueled primarily by World War II veterans use of their GI Bill benefits 32 In 1947 Gerty Cori a professor at the School of Medicine became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Professors Carl and Gerty Cori became Washington University s fifth and sixth Nobel laureates for their discovery of how glycogen is broken down and resynthesized in the body 33 The desegregation of Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work 34 The university ended racial segregation in its undergraduate divisions in 1952 making it the last local higher education institution to do so During the 1940s the university faced criticism from the local African American media which included a letter writing campaign by churches the local Urban League and legal briefs by the NAACP seeking to strip the university of its tax exempt status In 1949 a student group the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes SCAN was founded and began advocating for full racial integration In 1951 then vice chancellor Leslie Buchan argued that full desegregation would isolate the university from the community and potentially lead to incidents on campus citation needed The following year in May 1952 the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the university s undergraduate divisions 35 During the latter half of the 20th century Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution In 1957 planning began for the construction of the South 40 a complex of modern residential halls which primarily house freshmen and some sophomore students 36 With additional on campus housing the university which had been predominantly attended by commuter students began attracting a greater number of applicants from across the nation 37 By 1964 over two thirds of incoming students came from outside the St Louis area 38 In 1971 the board of trustees appointed Chancellor William Henry Danforth who guided the university through the social and financial crises of the 1970s and strengthened the university s often strained relationship with the St Louis community During his 24 year chancellorship Danforth improved the School of Medicine established 70 new faculty chairs secured a 1 72 billion endowment and tripled the amount of student scholarships 39 In 1995 Mark S Wrighton former provost at MIT was elected the university s 14th Chancellor During Chancellor Wrighton s tenure undergraduate applications to Washington University more than doubled Since 1995 the university has added more than 190 endowed professorships revamped its Arts amp Sciences curriculum and completed more than 30 new buildings 40 nbsp Danforth Campus buildingsWashington University s reputation was enhanced by two major fundraising efforts since the 1980s From 1983 to 1987 the Alliance for Washington University campaign raised 630 5 million which was then the most successful fund raising effort in national history 41 From 1998 to 2004 the Campaign for Washington University raised 1 55 billion which was applied to additional scholarships professorships and research initiatives 42 The campus was the venue for four Presidential debates and one Vice Presidential debate the first 1992 Presidential debate on October 11 1992 the third 2000 Presidential debate on October 17 2000 the second 2004 Presidential debate on October 8 2004 the 2008 Vice Presidential debate on October 2 and the second 2016 Presidential debate on October 9 2016 43 The university was scheduled to host a debate in 1996 but that debate was cancelled when the number of scheduled debates was scaled back to two 44 In 2002 Washington University co founded the Cortex Innovation Community in St Louis s Midtown neighborhood Cortex is the largest innovation hub in the midwest home to offices of Square Microsoft Aon Boeing and Centene The innovation hub has generated more than 3 800 tech jobs in 14 years 45 46 In the summer of 2002 Brookings Hall Room 300 was transformed into the Mission Control center for Steve Fossett s sixth and ultimately successful attempt to circumnavigate the planet in a balloon the Spirit of Freedom 47 48 In 2005 Washington University founded the McDonnell International Scholars Academy an international network of premier research universities with an initial endowment gift of 10 million from John F McDonnell 49 50 The academy which selects scholars from 35 partnered universities around the world was created to develop a cohort of future leaders strengthen ties with top foreign universities and promote global awareness and social responsibility 51 52 In Fall 2006 the St Louis Metro opened the Cross County extension of its light rail MetroLink system Three of the nine new stations directly serve the university Skinker University City Big Bend and Forsyth On July 1 2006 the university began offering free Metro passes the U Pass to all full time students benefits eligible faculty and staff and full time employees of qualified service providers 53 In 2019 Washington University unveiled a 360 million campus transformation project known as the East End Transformation The transformation project built on the original 1895 campus plan by Olmsted Olmsted amp Eliot encompassed 18 acres of the Danforth Campus adding five new buildings expanding the university s Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum relocating hundreds of surface parking spaces underground and creating an expansive new park 54 In June 2019 Andrew D Martin former dean of the College of Literature Science and the Arts at the University of Michigan was elected the university s 15th chancellor 55 On the day of his inauguration Martin announced the WashU Pledge a financial aid program allowing full time Missouri and southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant eligible or from families with annual incomes of 75 000 or less to attend the university cost free 56 57 In October 2021 Washington University announced it would invest an additional 1 billion in financial aid for students The university practices need blind admissions and meets 100 of admitted students demonstrated needs 58 The new financial aid initiative called Gateway to Success included 800 million in endowed funding to support need blind undergraduate admissions meaning the university will not consider an applicant s financial situation when making admissions decisions while still meeting 100 of demonstrated financial need for admitted undergraduates 59 Another 200 million will be designated for financial aid for graduate and professional students in the university s Brown School the School of Law and the School of Medicine as well as in business engineering art and architecture and Arts amp Sciences 58 In 2022 Washington University was one of 10 universities picked to join the Kessler Scholars National Collaborative which provides support for selected first generation and Pell Grant eligible STEM students who hope to improve society The program aims to recruit 20 fully funded Kessler scholars per year and provide additional opportunities to close the wealth gap 60 Also in 2022 Washington University developed a needle free nasal vaccine to combat COVID 19 61 U S presidential and vice presidential debates edit nbsp 2008 Vice Presidential Debate at the Washington University Field HouseWashington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice presidential debates than any other institution in history 62 United States presidential election debates were held at the Washington University Athletic Complex in 1992 2000 2004 and 2016 A presidential debate was planned to occur in 1996 but owing to scheduling difficulties between the candidates the debate was canceled 63 The university hosted the only 2008 vice presidential debate between Republican Sarah Palin and Democrat Joe Biden on October 2 2008 also at the Washington University Athletic Complex The university hosted the second 2016 presidential debate between Republican Party candidate Donald Trump and Democratic Party candidate Hillary Clinton on October 9 2016 64 65 Following the 2004 debate Wrighton said that it would be improbable that the university will host another debate 66 but subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates 67 These one of a kind events are great experiences for our students they contribute to a national understanding of important issues and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St Louis region as one of America s great metropolitan areas said Wrighton 68 The university decided not to host a 2020 presidential debate against the majority opinion of the student body 69 Geography and campuses editDanforth Campus edit nbsp Bryan HallMain article Danforth Campus The main or Danforth Campus formerly known as the Hilltop Campus is mostly between Forest Park Parkway Wydown Boulevard North Big Bend Boulevard and North Skinker Boulevard Although the school includes St Louis in its name the majority of the school s main campus is located in unincorporated St Louis County and suburban Clayton A large portion of the Danforth Campus is recognized as the Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District which achieved National Historic Landmark status on February 27 1987 70 71 The Barry Flanagan bronze statue Thinker on a Rock widely known simply as The Bunny is currently on permanent loan to Washington University and features prominently near Olin Library Graham Chapel and Mallinckrodt Danforth Campus includes Arts and Sciences Brookings Hall Center for the Humanities Center for Mental Health Services Research Center for Social Development Crow Observatory Danforth University Center DUC Completed in 2008 it occupies the space where Prince Hall once stood and is the main student center on campus The three story 116 000sqft building features dining areas lounges meeting rooms and offices for student leaders and student services professional staff Housed in the DUC is the Career Center the Student Union student government Student Life newspaper WUTV a recording studio for KWUR the Graduate Center and other on campus groups Francis Olympic Field Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement Founded with a major gift from former U S Congressman Richard Gephardt Focuses on the value interest and importance of public service and civic engagement Major activities of the Gephardt Institute include the hosting of speakers series internship and career placement services granting of money to faculty and students for community based teaching and learning supporting co curricular activities with the community service office and a summer stipend program where the university financially supports students who take uncompensated internships in the field of public service International Center for Energy Environment and Sustainability Mallinckrodt Center The central student center on the Danforth Campus It houses the Campus Book Store Computer Store Dining Services the Edison Theatre the Division of Drama the Division of Dance and the Department of Performing Arts WUTV is also housed inside McKelvey School of Engineering Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum Olin Business School Ridgley Hall This served as the university s first library building until the early 1960s During the 1904 World s Fair Ridgley housed an exhibit of Queen Victoria s Diamond Jubilee gifts The former library reading room was transformed into an ornate lounge space which today is known as Holmes Lounge Ridgley Hall is also the home of several language departments the Committee on Comparative Literature and the Language Lab Sam Fox School of Design amp Visual Arts Skandalaris Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation and Entrepreneurship The Brown School The Center for Teaching and Learning Washington University School of Law Weidenbaum Center on the Economy Government and Public Policy Whitney R Harris World Law InstituteIn 2019 a 360 million renovation project the East End Transformation was unveiled on the Danforth Campus building on the original 1895 campus plan by Olmsted Olmsted amp Eliot The project included the creation of the Gary M Sumers Welcome Center which now houses undergraduate admissions the Craig and Nancy Schnuck Pavilion which houses a cafe the Environmental Studies program and the Office of Sustainability the Henry A and Elvira H Jubel Hall which houses the Department of Mechanical Engineering amp Materials Science in the McKelvey School of Engineering and the James M McKelvey Sr Hall which will be completed in 2020 and open in 2021 and will house the McKelvey School of Engineering s Department of Computer Science amp Engineering All new buildings on the east end have been designed to achieve LEED Gold certification and include solar panels located on many of the roofs to generate renewable electricity In addition to the five new buildings the project relocated 6 acres of parking lots underground renovated and expanded the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum and created the Ann and Andrew Tisch Park 54 In 2020 the Princeton Review ranked the Danforth Campus among the top 10 Most Beautiful Campuses in the United States 72 Medical Campus editThe Medical Campus is accessible via the Central West End MetroLink station which provides a quick link to the Danforth North and West Campuses All full time Washington University students and employees are eligible for a Metro Transit U Pass which grants access to use the MetroLink and Metro buses for free 73 nbsp The Washington University Medical Center as seen from Forest ParkWashington University Medical Center comprises 164 acres 66 4 ha spread over approximately 12 city blocks located along the eastern edge of Forest Park within the Central West End neighborhood of St Louis The campus is home to the Washington University School of Medicine and its associated teaching hospitals Barnes Jewish Hospital and St Louis Children s Hospital Many of the buildings are connected via a series of skyways and corridors Olin Residence Hall named for Spencer T Olin provides residential services for 200 medical and graduate students 74 The School s 2 100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also serve as the medical staff of Barnes Jewish and St Louis Children s hospitals which are part of BJC HealthCare Washington University and BJC have taken on many joint venture projects such as the Center for Advanced Medicine completed in December 2001 In 2019 Washington University was awarded a 7 6 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to create the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control to address disparities in cancer care in parts of Missouri and Illinois 75 In 2022 Washington University s Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences was awarded a five year 61 million grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health to focus on precision medicine health equity and diversity 76 BJC Institute of Health at Washington University is the newest research building with 680 000 square feet 63 000 m2 In 2020 Washington University announced the construction of a new 616 million 11 story 609 000 square foot neuroscience research building which will sit at the eastern edge of the Medical Campus in the Cortex Innovation Community Construction of the building is set to be finished in 2023 77 The Medical Campus includes Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center Barnes Jewish Hospital Center for Advanced Medicine Center for Cancer Genomics Center for Women s Infectious Disease Research Central Institute for the Deaf Charles F and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology McDonnell Genome Institute St Louis Children s HospitalNorth and West Campuses edit Washington University s North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused North Campus lies in St Louis City near the Delmar Loop The university acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004 formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory 78 Several university administrative departments are located at the North Campus location including offices for Quadrangle Housing Accounting and Treasury Services Parking and Transportation Services Army ROTC and Network Technology Services The North Campus location also provides off site storage space for the Performing arts Department Renovations are still ongoing recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appetit Management Company the university s on campus food provider completed during spring semester 2007 as well as the Family Learning Center operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010 The West Campus is located about one mile 1 6 km to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton Missouri and primarily consists of a four story former department store building housing mostly administrative space The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous Barr department store until 1990 when the university acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations 79 Today the basement level houses the West Campus Library the University Archives the Modern Graphic History Library and conference space The ground level still remains a retail space The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts portions of university advancement and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor Both the North and West Campuses are accessible by the St Louis MetroLink which with the Delmar Loop and Forsyth MetroLink Stations directly adjacent to these campuses provides easy travel around the St Louis metropolitan area including all of Washington University s campuses Tyson Research Center edit Main article Tyson Research Center Tyson Research Center is a 1 966 5 acre 3 07 sq mi 795 81 ha field station located west of St Louis on the Meramec River Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963 It is used by the university as a biological field station and research education center In 2010 the Living Learning Center was named one of the first two buildings accredited nationwide as a living building under the Living Building Challenge 80 opened to serve as a biological research station and classroom for summer students Academics editCollege School foundingCollege School Year foundedCollege of Arts amp Sciences 1853James McKelvey School of Engineering 1854School of Law 1867College of Art 1879School of Medicine 1891College of Architecture 1910Olin Business School 1917Graduate School of Arts amp Sciences 1922George Warren Brown School of Social Work 1925University College 1931Sam Fox School of Design amp Visual Arts 2005Arts and Sciences edit Main article Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St Louis nbsp Holmes Lounge the central reading room on campus where students may studyArts amp Sciences is home to the College of Arts amp Sciences as well as graduate programs across its many departments Feng Sheng Hu is the Dean of the Faculty of Arts amp Sciences 81 The College of Arts amp Sciences is the central undergraduate unit of the university with 330 tenured and tenure track faculty along with over 100 research scientists lecturers artists in residence and visitors serving more than 3 700 undergraduates in 40 academic departments divided into divisions of Humanities Social sciences and Natural sciences and Mathematics The College of Arts amp Sciences has an average class size of 18 students with over 80 having fewer than 24 Almost one half of the undergraduate classes have fewer than 10 students The student faculty ratio is 7 1 2 The College of Arts amp Sciences offers courses in over a dozen languages including Arabic Hebrew Spanish German French Swahili Chinese Japanese Korean Russian Greek Italian Hindi Portuguese and Latin University College in Arts amp Sciences also offers course work in Swedish Vietnamese Irish and Czech Business edit Main article Olin Business SchoolFounded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917 the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M Olin in 1988 The school s academic programs include BSBA MBA Professional MBA PMBA Executive MBA EMBA MS in finance MS in supply chain management MS in customer analytics Master of Accounting Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program and Doctorate programs as well as non degree Executive Education In 2002 an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai in cooperation with Fudan University nbsp Simon Hall is a part of the Olin Business School Olin has a network of more than 16 000 alumni worldwide 82 Over the last several years the school s endowment has increased to 213 million 2004 and annual gifts average 12 million per year 83 Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E Simon On May 2 2014 the 90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated following a 15 million gift from Charles F Knight and Joanne Knight and a 10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation The two buildings are joined by a three story high atrium and include spaces for lectures faculty offices and classrooms The cafe at Bauer Hall includes the only on campus Starbucks In October 2019 Olin Business School ranked 1 on Inc com s Best Business Schools for Entrepreneurship 84 In January 2020 Olin was named the Poets amp Quants MBA Program of 2019 85 Undergraduate BSBA students take 40 60 of their courses within the business school and are able to formally declare majors in eight areas accounting entrepreneurship finance healthcare management marketing managerial economics and strategy organization and human resources International Business and operations and supply chain management Graduate students are able to pursue an MBA either full time or part time Students may also take elective courses from other disciplines at Washington University including law and many other fields Mark P Taylor is the Dean of the Olin Business School School of Design and Visual Arts edit Main article Sam Fox School of Design amp Visual Arts nbsp The Mildred Lane Kemper Art MuseumThe Sam Fox School of Design amp Visual Arts was founded in 2006 merging the existing academic units of Architecture and Art with the university s museum The School comprises College of Architecture Graduate School of Architecture amp Urban Design College of Art Graduate School of Art Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum considered one of the most distinguished university art collections in the country 86 In October 2006 the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum moved into new facilities designed by Pritzker Prize winning architect and former faculty member Fumihiko Maki 87 The art museum was first established in 1881 and was the first art museum west of the Mississippi River It houses most of the university s art and sculpture collections including pieces by Jackson Pollock Robert Rauschenberg Jenny Holzer Pablo Picasso Max Ernst Willem de Kooning Henri Matisse Joan Miro and Rembrandt van Rijn among others McKelvey School of Engineering edit Main article McKelvey School of Engineering nbsp Cupples HallThe McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St Louis WashU Engineering is a school with 88 tenured and tenure track professors 40 additional full time faculty 1 300 undergraduate students 560 master s students 380 PhD students and more than 20 000 alumni Aaron Bobick serves as dean of the school With approximately 27 million in annual research awards the school focuses intellectual efforts on medicine and health energy and environment entrepreneurship and security The school is ranked among the top 50 by the magazine U S News amp World Report and the biomedical engineering graduate program was ranked 12th by U S News amp World Report in 2012 2013 On January 31 2019 the School of Engineering amp Applied Science was renamed the James McKelvey School of Engineering in honor of trustee and distinguished alumnus Jim McKelvey Jr the co founder of Square after his donation of an undisclosed sum that the school s dean Aaron Bobick said has been the largest in the school s 162 year history School of Law edit Main article Washington University School of LawWashington University School of Law offers joint degree programs with the Olin Business School the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law an LLM in Taxation an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers a Master of Juridical Studies MJS and a Juris Doctoris JD The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring Summer and Fall and requires at least 85 credit hours of coursework for the JD In the 2022 and 2021 U S News amp World Report rankings the law school ranked 16th nationally 88 The law school offers a full time day program beginning in August for the J D degree The law school is located in Anheuser Busch Hall opened in 1997 nbsp Anheuser Busch Hall home to the School of LawMedicine edit Main article Washington University School of MedicineThe Washington University School of Medicine was founded in 1891 In the 2021 U S News amp World Report rankings of U S medical schools it was ranked sixth for research 89 and tied for 31st for primary care 90 The McDonnell Genome Institute directed by Richard K Wilson is housed within the Washington University School of Medicine it is one of three NIH funded major DNA sequencing centers in the U S and played a significant role in the Human Genome Project 91 In 2022 the Washington University School of Medicine was the third medical school in the United States that received the most NIH funding 92 93 nbsp Washington University School of MedicineThe medical school partners with St Louis Children s Hospital and Barnes Jewish Hospital part of BJC HealthCare where all physicians are members of the school s faculty Social Work and Public Health edit Main article George Warren Brown School of Social Work With roots dating back to 1909 in the university s School of Social Economy the George Warren Brown School of Social Work was founded in 1925 Brown s academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work MSW a Master of Public Health MPH a PhD in Social Work and a PhD in Public Health Sciences It is currently ranked first among Master of Social Work programs in the United States 94 The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband George Warren Brown a St Louis philanthropist and co founder of the Brown Shoe Company The school was the first in the country to have a building for the purpose of social work education and it is also a founding member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health McDonnell International Scholars Academy edit The McDonnell International Scholars Academy MISA is an alliance between universities that supports collaboration on research development of joint educational opportunities and joint research conferences 95 96 The program is named after John F McDonnell who provided an initial 10 million gift to establish the academy in 2005 97 MISA features a graduate level endowed scholarship program for international students to study at Washington University 98 Founded in 2005 the academy s core mission is to develop a community of future global leaders from partner institutions worldwide 99 The program is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States 100 Former dental school edit Main article Washington University School of Dental Medicine Founded as the Missouri Dental College in 1866 the Washington University School of Dental Medicine was the first dental school west of the Mississippi River 101 and the sixth dental school in the United States The school closed in 1991 102 Rankings and reputation editAcademic rankingsNationalForbes 103 27THE WSJ 104 17U S News amp World Report 105 24Washington Monthly 106 27GlobalARWU 107 27QS 108 154 THE 109 57U S News amp World Report 110 32 nbsp Seigle Hall shared by the School of Law and the College of Arts and SciencesWashington University s undergraduate program is ranked 24th in the nation in the 2023 U S News amp World Report National Universities ranking 111 and 11th by The Wall Street Journal in their 2018 rankings 112 The university is ranked 22nd in the world for 2019 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities 113 Undergraduate admission to Washington University is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation and U S News amp World Report as most selective 14 114 The Princeton Review in its 2020 edition gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99 115 The acceptance rate for the class of 2026 those entering in the fall of 2022 was 11 3 with students selected from more than 33 000 applications Of students admitted 91 percent were in the top 10 percent of their class 116 Undergraduate admissions statistics2020 enteringclass 117 Change vs 2015 118 Admit rate10 0 nbsp 0 7 Yield rate40 2 nbsp 5 1 Test scores middle 50 SAT Total1480 1560 nbsp 5 median ACT Composite33 35 nbsp 2 5 median nbsp Eads HallThe Princeton Review ranked Washington University first for Best College Dorms and third for Best College Food Best Run Colleges and Best Financial Aid in its 2020 edition 119 In its 2022 edition Princeton Review also ranked Washington University as number 2 for Top Entrepreneurship Under Ten Thousand Students 1 for Top Midwest Entreprenuerships as a Colleges That Create Futures and of having a great quality of life 120 Niche listed the university as the best college for architecture and the second best college campus and college dorms in the United States in 2020 121 The Washington University School of Medicine was ranked sixth for research by U S News amp World Report in 2020 and has been listed among the top ten medical schools since the rankings were first published in 1987 122 Additionally U S News amp World Report ranked the university s genetics and physical therapy as tied for first place 123 124 QS World University Rankings ranked Washington University sixth in the world for anatomy and physiology in 2020 125 In January 2020 Olin Business School was named the Poets amp Quants MBA Program of 2019 85 Washington University has also been recognized as the 12th best university employer in the country by Forbes 126 Washington University was named one of the 25 New Ivies by Newsweek in 2006 127 and has also been called a Hidden Ivy 128 nbsp Ridgley HallA 2014 study ranked Washington University 1 in the country for income inequality 129 About 22 of Washington University s students came from the top 1 while only about 6 came from the bottom 60 130 131 132 In response to this in 2015 university administration announced plans to increase the number of Pell eligible recipients on campus from 6 to 13 by 2020 133 134 135 and in 2019 15 of the university s student body was eligible for Pell Grants 136 In October 2019 then newly inaugurated Chancellor Andrew D Martin announced the WashU Pledge a financial aid program that provides a free undergraduate education to all full time Missouri and Southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant eligible or from families with annual incomes of 75 000 or less 137 The American Talent Initiative found Washington University had the highest Pell growth rate among 130 major universities between the 2015 16 and 2019 20 academic years 138 School RankingsRanking U S News amp World Report Medicine 6 122 U S News amp World Report Law 16 139 U S News amp World Report MBA 30 140 U S News amp World Report Social Work 2 141 BusinessWeek BSBA 25 142 Design Intelligence Architecture 10 143 Financial Times EMBA World Rank 8 144 Research research centers and institutes editVirtually all faculty members at Washington University engage in academic research 145 offering opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students across the university s seven schools Known for its interdisciplinarity and departmental collaboration many of Washington University s research centers and institutes are collaborative efforts between many areas on campus 146 More than 60 of undergraduates are involved in faculty research across all areas 147 it is an institutional priority for undergraduates to be allowed to participate in advanced research According to the Center for Measuring University Performance it is considered to be one of the top 10 private research universities in the nation 148 A dedicated Office of Undergraduate Research is located on the Danforth Campus and serves as a resource to post research opportunities advise students in finding appropriate positions matching their interests publish undergraduate research journals and award research grants to make it financially possible to perform research 149 nbsp Brown HallAccording to the National Science Foundation Washington University spent 920 million on research and development in 2020 ranking it 28th in the nation 150 The university has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions with many of them licensed to private companies Governmental agencies and non profit foundations such as the NIH United States Department of Defense National Science Foundation and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year to year Nearly 80 of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007 151 Washington University and its Medical School play a large part in the Human Genome Project where it contributes approximately 25 of the finished sequence 152 The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals plants and cellular organisms including the platypus chimpanzee cat and corn 153 NASA hosts its Planetary Data System Geosciences Node on the campus of Washington University Professors students and researchers have been heavily involved with many unmanned missions to Mars Professor Raymond Arvidson has been deputy principal investigator of the Mars Exploration Rover mission and co investigator of the Phoenix lander robotic arm 154 Washington University professor Joseph Lowenstein with the assistance of several undergraduate students has been involved in editing annotating making a digital archive of the first publication of poet Edmund Spenser s collective works in 100 years A large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities was given to support this project centralized at Washington University with support from other colleges in the United States 155 In 2019 Folding Home a distributed computing project for performing molecular dynamics simulations of protein dynamics was moved to Washington University School of Medicine from Stanford University The project currently led by Greg Bowman uses the idle CPU time of personal computers owned by volunteers to conduct protein folding research 156 Folding home s research is primarily focused on biomedical problems such as Alzheimer s disease Cancer Coronavirus disease 2019 and Ebola virus disease In April 2020 Folding home became the world s first exaFLOP computing system with a peak performance of 1 5 exaflops making it more than seven times faster than the world s fastest supercomputer Summit and more powerful than the top 100 supercomputers in the world combined 157 158 Museums and library system editMain article Washington University Libraries With 12 libraries the Washington University library system is the largest in the state of Missouri containing over 4 2 million volumes 159 The main library Olin Library is centrally located on the Danforth Campus In 2020 the Princeton Review ranked the Olin Library among the top 10 Best College Libraries in the United States 160 The other 11 libraries in the system include nbsp Olin LibraryKranzberg Art amp Architecture Library Business Library Chemistry Library East Asian Library Law Library Kenneth and Nancy Bernard Becker Medical Library Music Library Physics Library Social Work Library Special Collections amp Archives West Campus Library nbsp Reading room in Anheuser Busch HallThe Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum established in 1881 is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country 161 The collection includes works from 19th 20th and 21st century American and European artists including George Caleb Bingham Thomas Cole Pablo Picasso Max Ernst Alexander Calder Jackson Pollock Rembrandt Robert Rauschenberg Barbara Kruger and Christian Boltanski Also in the complex is the 3 000 sq ft 300 m2 Newman Money Museum exhibiting the collection of American numismatist Eric P Newman In October 2006 the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location Steinberg Hall into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki The Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall which was Maki s first commission in 1959 Campus life editMain article Campus life at Washington University in St Louis Student body composition as of May 2 2022 Race and ethnicity 162 TotalWhite 48 48 Asian 18 18 Hispanic 11 11 Black 9 9 Other a 7 7 Foreign national 7 7 Economic diversityLow income b 15 15 Affluent c 85 85 Student organizations edit nbsp Women s BuildingWashington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus 163 Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union which as of fiscal year 2020 has an annual budget of 3 6 164 million that is completely student controlled and is one of the largest student government budgets in the country Known as SU for short the Student Union sponsors large scale campus programs including WILD a semesterly concert in the quad and free copies of the New York Times USA Today and the St Louis Post Dispatch through The Collegiate Readership Program it also funds the campus television station WUTV and the radio station KWUR KWUR was named best radio station in St Louis of 2003 by the Riverfront Times despite the fact its signal reaches only a few blocks beyond the boundaries of the campus 165 The Congress of the South 40 CS40 is a Residential Life and Events Programming Board which operates outside of the SU sphere CS40 s funding comes from the housing activities fee of each student living in the South 40 Many of these organizations and other campus life amenities are housed in the 43 million Danforth University Center on the Danforth Campus also dedicated in honor of the Danforth family 166 The building opened on August 11 2008 and earned LEED Gold certification for its environmentally friendly design 167 nbsp McMillan HallWashington University has a large number of student run musical groups on campus including 13 official a cappella groups The Pikers an all male group is the oldest such group on campus The Greenleafs an all female group is the oldest and only female group on campus The Mosaic Whispers founded in 1991 is the oldest co ed group on campus They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums including Ben Folds Ben Folds Presents University A Cappella The Amateurs 168 who also appeared on this album is another co ed a cappella group on campus founded in 1991 They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively After Dark 169 is a co ed a cappella group founded in 2001 It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording CARA awards In 2008 the group performed on MSNBC during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about Joe Biden and Sarah Palin 170 The Ghost Lights founded in 2010 is the campus s newest and only Broadway Movies and Television soundtrack group They have performed multiple philanthropic concerts in the greater St Louis area and were honored in November 2010 with the opportunity to perform for Nobel Laureate Douglass North at his birthday celebration More Fools than Wise is a chamber jazz group and The Aristocats feature Disney songs The campus newspaper is Student Life The paper is published twice a week under the auspices of Washington University Student Media Inc an independent not for profit organization incorporated in 1999 The paper was first founded in 1878 making it one of the oldest student newspapers in the country Washington University also has a bridge team and as of 2022 update one of the largest collegiate bridge clubs in the country The team placed second nationally in the Collegiate Bridge Bowl at the 2022 North American Bridge Championships 171 Greek life edit nbsp Fraternity BuildingsWashington University has eleven fraternities and nine sororities on campus In 2012 the chapter of Sigma Alpha Mu was closed following violations of drug and alcohol policies among students 172 In 2020 a large number of Greek life members primarily from sororities permanently deactivated from their chapters as a result of perceived systematic oppression racism and sexism Some students called for the total abolition of Greek Life on campus 173 As of Spring 2021 approximately 14 of the student body participated in Greek Life 174 Residences edit nbsp The South 40Washington University is number one on the Princeton Review s Best College Dorms list for 2020 175 Over 50 of undergraduate students live on campus 176 Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40 named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres 16 ha It is the location of all freshman buildings as well as several sophomore buildings which are set up in the traditional residential college system All of the residential halls are co ed The dormitories on the South 40 have grown national recognition for their large size and large number of amenities 36 The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp Bear s Den the largest dining hall on campus the Habif Health and Wellness Center Student Health Services the Residential Life Office University police Headquarters various student owned businesses and the baseball softball and intramural fields are also located on the South 40 Another group of residences known as the Village is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars the North Side consists of Millbrook Apartments The Village Village East on campus apartments and all fraternity houses except the Zeta Beta Tau house which is off campus and located just northwest of the South 40 Sororities at Washington University do not have houses by their own accord The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24 known as BLOCs to live together in clustered suites along with non BLOCs Like the South 40 the residences around the Village also surround a recreational lawn In addition to South 40 and North Side residence halls Washington University owns several apartment buildings within walking distance to Danforth Campus which are open to upperclassmen Student media edit Washington University supports four major student run media outlets The university s student newspaper Student Life is available for students KWUR 90 3 FM serves as the students official radio station the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free form musical programming WUTV is the university s closed circuit television channel The university s main student run political publication is the Washington University Political Review nicknamed WUPR a self described multipartisan monthly magazine Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine A variety of other publications also serve the university community ranging from in house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground the student run satirical newspaper 177 Athletics edit Main article Washington University Bears nbsp Francis Olympic Field during the 1904 St Louis OlympicsWashington University s sports teams are called the Bears They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level The Bears have won 23 NCAA Division III Championships two in women s cross country 2011 2018 one in women s indoor track and field 2017 one in women s outdoor track and field 2017 one in men s tennis 2008 two in men s basketball 2008 2009 five in women s basketball 1998 2001 2010 178 ten in women s volleyball 1989 1991 1996 2003 2007 2009 179 and one in women s soccer 2016 180 and 217 UAA titles in 16 different sports 181 The Athletic Department was headed by John Schael for 36 years who served as director of athletics in the period 1978 2014 182 The 2000 Division III Central Region winner of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Continental Airlines Athletics Director of the Year award 183 Schael helped orchestrate the Bears athletics transformation into one of the top departments in Division III 183 Schael was succeeded by Josh Whitman 2014 2016 The department is now led by Anthony J Azama Washington University also has an extensive club sports program with teams ranging from men s volleyball 184 to women s Ultimate Frisbee The Washington University men s club water polo team has been particularly successful capturing the Collegiate Water Polo Association Division III Club National Championship title in 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 and 2019 185 186 Funding for club sports comes from the Student Union budget as each club is deemed a campus group Washington University is home of Francis Field site of the 1904 Summer Olympics Francis Field is also home of the Washington University football soccer and track and field teams Traditions edit nbsp Gates at Francis FieldWILD Walk In Lay Down the semesterly concert in the Quad which brings in popular musical acts Thurtene Carnival The oldest and largest student run carnival in the nation 187 188 run by Thurtene Honorary 189 Vertigo A dance party put on by the Engineering School Council EnCouncil featuring an innovative 8 by 16 foot 2 4 by 4 9 m computer controlled modular LED illuminated dance floor built by students Cultural shows Each year Washington University student groups put on several multicultural shows Ashoka the South Asian student association puts on a performance for Diwali the Indian festival of lights that includes a skit and dances Black Anthology is a student run performance arts show celebrating black culture Lunar New Year Festival is a student group that puts on a performance in collaboration with a philantropy partner organization to celebrate the Lunar New Year through various Asian performing arts Africa Week and the African Film Festival are annual events hosted by the African Students Association Finally the Association of Latin American Students showcases various forms of Latin and Spanish dances during their performance Carnaval Brookings Hall A superstition among students to never step on the university seal at Brookings Hall It is said that doing so will prevent one from graduating on time 190 Convocation A large gathering for new students and their families intended to welcome them to the university Among others it includes speeches from seniors and university leadership 191 DUC N Donuts Taking place on the first Friday of every month at the Danforth University Center DUC this tradition allows students to learn about monthly events while enjoying free coffee and donuts 190 Cheap Lunch Every Wednesday the Engineering School Council EnCouncil provides pizza chips and cookies for a low cost 192 193 Art Prom Every Spring students from the Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts host a formal dance with a creative twist 194 Underpass Panels A series of panels along the walls of the underpass connecting the South 40 to the main Danforth Campus Tradition involves the painting of each panel by students and clubs to advertise upcoming events Located adjacent to the underpass is a large concrete ball also painted to advertise student events 195 Notable people editMain articles List of Washington University alumni List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St Louis as alumni or faculty and List of Washington University faculty and staff Washington University counts more than 156 000 living alumni 29 Rhodes Scholars and 26 Nobel laureates affiliated with the university as faculty or students 196 197 17 Alumni edit Notable recent graduates of the college include co founder and director of Block Inc Jim McKelvey 198 chairman of Manchester United Avram Glazer 199 CEO of Lionsgate Films Jon Feltheimer 200 former deputy director of the FBI Andrew McCabe 201 202 founder of Men s Wearhouse George Zimmer 203 former executive director of Greenpeace Phil Radford 204 founder of Gilead Sciences Michael L Riordan 205 Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia Sinisa Mali 206 Broadway Playwright and lyricist Steven Sater 207 Missouri Senator Jim Talent 208 former director of the FBI and former director of Central Intelligence William H Webster 209 210 Nevada Senator Chic Hecht 211 Nebraska Congressman Hal Daub 212 Pulitzer Prize winning journalists Ken Cooper 213 214 and Hank Klibanoff 215 former President of Planned Parenthood Leana Wen 216 actor and filmmaker Daniel Hirsh actor and director Harold Ramis Ghostbusters Caddyshack Animal House National Lampoon s Vacation film series 217 Tony Award winning theatrical producer David Merrick 218 219 baseball player Dal Maxvill 220 first director of the World Health Organization s Global Program on AIDS Jonathan Mann 221 science show host Deanne Bell Design Squad 222 NASA astronaut Bob Behnken 223 the first Black woman from Michigan to serve on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Stephanie Dawkins Davis 224 225 New York Times best selling author Susannah Cahalan 226 sociologist Pepper Schwartz 227 CDC director Rochelle Walensky 228 229 television actor Johnny Kastl 230 SiriusXM Urban View radio talk show host Joe Madison 231 41st Attorney General of Missouri Chris Koster 232 U S Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Andrea Palm 233 and Paralympic Gold Medalist Kendall Gretsch 234 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry 2014 William Esco Moerner Earlier undergraduate alumni include J C R Licklider 235 pioneer in artificial intelligence Charles Nagel 236 founder of the U S Chamber of Commerce Julian W Hill 237 co inventor of nylon Clyde Cowan 238 co discoverer of the neutrino James R Thompson 239 Governor of Illinois United States Secretary of the Interior and Governor of Missouri David R Francis 240 U S Ambassador to Belgium Sam Fox 241 Edward Singleton Holden president of the University of California 242 Thomas Lamb Eliot 243 founder of Reed College and Abram L Sachar 244 founding president of Brandeis University Graduates of the College of Architecture include George Hellmuth 245 Gyo Obata 246 and George Kassabaum 247 founders of HOK the world s fourth largest architectural firm Graduate School alumni include Nobel laureates Earl Sutherland 248 Edwin Krebs 249 and Daniel Nathans 250 who all graduated from the School of Medicine Businessman and adventurer Steve Fossett 251 earned his MBA from the business school Law school graduate Joseph Poindexter 252 was governor of Hawaii during the Pearl Harbor attack Doctoral alumni include the former presidents of Johns Hopkins Clemson Wake Forest Morehouse Mount Union Yonsei and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology An alumnus of the Graduate School of Architecture C P Wang March 1973 designed Taipei 101 the world s second tallest building Mike Simpson the U S representative for Idaho s 2nd congressional district is a graduate of the Dental School 253 Also radical feminist Shulamith Firestone Notable students who dropped out Charles Eames who was expelled for defending modernist architecture 254 actor Peter Sarsgaard Boys Don t Cry An Education Flight Plan 255 Tennessee Williams who left in protest at not winning a playwriting prize 256 257 Enterprise Rent a Car founder Jack C Taylor who withdrew to fight in World War II 258 actor Robert Guillaume who withdrew to study opera 259 Pulitzer Prize winner and bestselling author Bill Dedman who left to become a newspaper reporter 260 and IQ record holder Marilyn vos Savant to help with a family investment business 261 nbsp Tennessee Williams 20th century Playwright of American drama nbsp Charles Nagel Founder of the United States Chamber of Commerce nbsp Harold Ramis Actor director Ghostbusters Caddyshack Animal House National Lampoon s Vacation film series nbsp Andrew McCabe former deputy director of the FBI nbsp Rochelle Walensky 19th Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nbsp Jim McKelvey Co founder and director of Block Inc nbsp Leana Wen Former President of Planned Parenthood nbsp Bob Behnken NASA Astronaut Test engineer nbsp Stephanie Davis First Black woman from Michigan to serve on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit nbsp Clyde Cowan Co discoverer of the neutrino nbsp J C R Licklider Pioneer in artificial intelligence and the Internet nbsp Peter Sarsgaard Award winning actor nbsp William H Webster only person to have served as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and director of Central Intelligence nbsp Phoebe Couzins First woman U S Marshal nbsp Sam Fox Former United States Ambassador to Belgium nbsp Phil Radford Co founder of the Democracy Initiative and former executive director of Greenpeace nbsp Chris Koster 41st Attorney General of Missouri nbsp Andrea Palm United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services nbsp Joe Madison Radio talk show host on SiriusXM Urban View nbsp Mike Simpson U S representative for Idaho s 2nd congressional district nbsp Steven Sater Broadway lyricist and playwright Spring Awakening Faculty edit Notable faculty include economist and Nobel Memorial Prize winner Douglass North 262 husband and wife biochemists and co Nobel Prize winners Carl and Gerty Cori 263 264 56th governor of Missouri Eric Greitens 265 cofounder and first executive director of the ACLU Roger Nash Baldwin 266 physicist and Nobel Prize winner Arthur Holly Compton 267 novelists Stanley Elkin 268 and William Gass 269 270 Head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and 5th President of MIT Henry Smith Pritchett 271 leading ecologist Barry Commoner 272 273 poets Carl Phillips 274 and Mary Jo Bang 275 architects Fumihiko Maki 276 and Louis C Spering 277 American legal scholar Bruce H Mann 278 neurologist and Nobel Prize winner Rita Levi Montalcini 279 United States Senator from Missouri Thomas Eagleton 280 notable artist Max Beckmann 281 sex researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson 282 Poets Laureate Howard Nemerov and Mona Van Duyn sociologist and outlaw Marxist Alvin Ward Gouldner attorney former Counsel to Vice president Al Gore and former Tennessee Attorney General Charles Burson writer and culture critic Gerald Early 283 founder of the American Association of university Arthur Oncken Lovejoy 284 video game designer Ian Bogost 285 economist and former Chair of President Ronald Reagan s Council of Economic Advisors Murray Weidenbaum 286 chairman and CEO of Merck amp Co Roy Vagelos 287 chemist Joseph W Kennedy co discoverer of the element plutonium sociologist Adia Harvey Wingfield 288 former vice president of the National Academy of Sciences Barbara Schaal 289 first woman Director of both the National Gallery of Canada and the Philadelphia Museum of Art Jean Sutherland Boggs 290 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Wiley Rutledge 291 chemist Holden Thorp editor in chief of Science Magazine 292 and Law Professor Peter Mutharika former president of Malawi 293 nbsp Bruce H Mann American legal scholar and husband of U S Senator Elizabeth Warren nbsp Wiley Rutledge Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States nbsp Roger Nash Baldwin Co founder of the American Civil Liberties Union nbsp Gerty Cori First woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine nbsp Peter Mutharika Former President of Malawi nbsp Thomas Eagleton United States Senator from Missouri nbsp Arthur Holly Compton Discoverer of the Compton effect nbsp Mona Van Duyn United States Poet Laureate nbsp Douglass North Nobel Laureate Economist nbsp Barry Commoner Leading ecologist and a founder of the modern environmental movement nbsp Barbara Schaal First woman to be elected vice president of the National Academy of Sciences nbsp Murray Weidenbaum 12th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers nbsp Alfred Hershey Nobel Laureate bacteriologist known for the Hershey Chase experiment nbsp Mary Jo Bang Guggenheim Fellow 2004 nbsp Louis C Spiering Architect who worked on building designs for the St Louis World s Fair nbsp Rita Levi Montalcini Neurologist and Nobel laurete for the discovery of nerve growth factor nbsp Joseph W Kennedy Co discoverer of Plutonium nbsp Fumihiko Maki United Nations new building architect nbsp Ian Bogost Game Studies scholar and video game designer nbsp Henry Smith Pritchett Head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and 5th President of MIT nbsp Roy Vagelos Chairman and CEO of Merck amp Co Other consists of Multiracial Americans amp those who prefer to not say The percentage of students who received an income based federal Pell grant intended for low income students The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum References edit Flory Julie 20 September 2021 Washington University Managed Endowment Pool generates record 65 return The Source Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 17 May 2022 Retrieved 23 May 2022 a b c University Facts Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on July 4 2019 Retrieved Oct 9 2020 a b c Current Enrollment amp Graduation Data Spring 2019 Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on December 25 2019 Retrieved July 2 2019 Washington University in St Louis About Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on January 3 2010 Retrieved January 12 2010 History of Tyson Tyson Research Center Washington University in St Louis Biology Department Archived from the original on August 25 2011 Retrieved September 23 2011 IPEDS Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2021 11 07 Retrieved 2021 11 07 Color Palettes Office of Public Affairs Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on July 28 2016 Retrieved 2016 08 03 Quinn Kay March 24 2022 Vintage KSDK The founding of Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on July 31 2022 Retrieved July 31 2022 Mail Services Resource Management Washington University in St Louis resourcemanagement wustl edu Archived from the original on October 18 2019 Retrieved 2019 10 18 Enrollments Degrees and Admissions FACTS 2009 Archived from the original on July 26 2010 Retrieved January 12 2010 Schools and Academic Departments Washington University in St Louis homepage Archived from the original on July 20 2006 Retrieved July 20 2006 a b Origin of the Washington Name Washington University in St Louis University Libraries Archived from the original on February 10 2009 Washington University in St Louis Association of American Universities AAU www aau edu Archived from the original on 2020 04 12 Retrieved 2020 04 12 a b Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup carnegieclassifications iu edu Center for Postsecondary Education Archived from the original on 1 February 2021 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Rankings by total R amp D expenditures National Science Foundation Archived from the original on January 13 2017 Retrieved July 24 2022 Nobel Prize Winners Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on September 2 2018 Retrieved February 7 2015 a b Washington University in St Louis Nobel Prize awarded to WashU economist Philip Dybvig India Education 2022 10 20 Archived from the original on 2023 01 07 Retrieved 2023 01 07 Dybvig joins a prestigious list of 26 Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University Dybvig joined Olin s faculty in 1990 He previously taught at Princeton University and was tenured at Yale University He has published two textbooks and more than 35 articles in leading journals About Arts amp Sciences Arts amp Sciences 2021 06 03 Archived from the original on 2022 04 19 Retrieved 2022 05 30 Charter Board of Trustees Washington University in St Louis boardoftrustees wustl edu Retrieved 2023 10 20 The Founding of Washington University Washington University in St Louis Magazine Archived from the original on July 25 2008 Retrieved January 8 2009 Rectenwald Miranda Research Guides WU History FAQ Origin of Washington University s Name libguides wustl edu Archived from the original on 2020 04 02 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Washington University Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Projects Archived from the original on February 10 2009 Retrieved January 8 2009 History and Traditions Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2020 04 08 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Washington University PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2020 10 24 Retrieved 2020 04 21 Gerfen Katie February 25 2020 Washington University s East End Transformation Architect Magazine Archived from the original on 2023 01 09 Retrieved 2023 01 08 a b Architecture of Danforth Campus Wustl edu Archived from the original on December 2 2010 Retrieved September 4 2010 Washington University Hilltop Campus 1899 1951 St Louis County Archived from the original on April 18 2021 Retrieved January 8 2023 Frederic Aldin Hall Facts History and Traditions About Washington University in St Louis Wustl edu March 8 1918 Archived from the original on March 7 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 a b Arthur Holly Compton Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2021 01 31 Retrieved 2020 04 21 History www mir wustl edu Archived from the original on 2021 02 01 Retrieved 2020 04 21 Allison Samuel K 1965 Arthur Holly Compton 1892 1962 Biographical Memoirs National Academy of Sciences 38 81 110 ISSN 0077 2933 OCLC 1759017 Arthur Holly Compton Facts History and Traditions About Washington University in St Louis Wustl edu February 22 1946 Archived from the original on March 3 2013 Retrieved March 13 2013 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 NobelPrize org Archived from the original on 2020 08 07 Retrieved 2020 04 21 Desegregation at Washington University in St Louis Washington University in St Louis University Libraries Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved September 11 2008 Amy M Pfeiffenberger Democracy at Home The Struggle to Desegregate Washington University in the Postwar Era Gateway Heritage Missouri Historical Society vol 10 no 3 Winter 1989 pp 17 24 a b South 40 Residential Colleges Students 2018 10 29 Archived from the original on 2021 02 05 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Ethan A H Shepley Facts History and Traditions About Washington University in St Louis Wustl edu October 14 1958 Archived from the original on March 7 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 O Connor Candace 2003 Beginning a Great Work Washington University in St Louis 1853 2003 Washington University in St Louis p 207 ISBN 9780972096645 William H Danforth Facts History and Traditions About Washington University in St Louis Wustl edu Archived from the original on December 31 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 Mark Stephen Wrighton Leadership About Washington University in St Louis Wustl edu Archived from the original on July 4 2010 Retrieved March 13 2013 Watts Judy H Washington University in St Louis Magazine Magazine wustl edu Archived from the original on September 6 2008 Retrieved March 13 2013 Winter Greg December 22 2003 A Mighty Fund Raising Effort Helps Lift a College s Ranking The New York Times Archived from the original on July 1 2017 Retrieved February 20 2017 It s time to end St Louis s stranglehold on presidential debates The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on 2020 05 30 Retrieved 2022 10 17 Camia Catalina Ready for debates 16 sites eager to be 2016 hosts USA TODAY Archived from the original on 2022 10 17 Retrieved 2022 10 17 Cortex Innovation Community www cortexstl com Archived from the original on April 11 2019 Retrieved 2019 08 02 Wagner Julie 2016 05 05 In St Louis a gateway to innovation and inclusion Brookings Archived from the original on September 19 2018 Retrieved 2019 08 02 U S Ballooning Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony PDF National Balloon Museum Archived PDF from the original on April 20 2022 Retrieved January 8 2022 Griffith Rob July 2 2002 Steve Fossett completes first around the world solo balloon quest Arizona Daily Sun Associated Press Archived from the original on January 9 2023 Rhee Helen Student Life Archives 2001 2008 Blog Archive New McDonnell International Scholars Academy announced Archived from the original on 2021 02 05 Retrieved 2020 04 13 Secretary General s remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy as prepared for delivery United Nations Secretary General 2014 03 11 Archived from the original on 2021 02 03 Retrieved 2020 04 13 McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2021 02 05 Retrieved 2020 04 13 McDonnell International Scholars Academy Global Archived from the original on 2020 09 30 Retrieved 2020 04 13 WUSTL to provide free Metro passes The Source Washington University in St Louis 2022 06 26 Archived from the original on 2022 06 26 Retrieved 2022 06 26 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b East End Transformation of the Danforth Campus Campus Next Washington University in St Louis campusnext wustl edu Archived from the original on January 25 2020 Retrieved 2020 02 23 Andrew Martin appointed 15th chancellor of Washington University The Source Washington University in St Louis 2018 07 14 Archived from the original on 2021 02 01 Retrieved 2020 04 13 Kirn Jacob October 3 2019 New Washington U chancellor unveils free tuition plan for families making 75K or less St Louis Business Journal Nelson Alisa October 4 2019 Prestigious private Missouri university to offer free college to qualifying students Missourinet Retrieved 2023 04 16 a b Nietzel Michael T Washington University Is Going Need Blind In Admissions Forbes Archived from the original on 2021 10 16 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Bernhard Blythe 5 October 2021 Washington University to boost student financial aid by 1 billion STLtoday com Retrieved 2023 04 16 Washington University in St Louis To Launch Scholars Program for First Gen STEM Students Diverse Issues In Higher Education 2022 04 13 Archived from the original on 2022 05 10 Retrieved 2022 07 30 India and China clear needle free COVID 19 vaccines AP NEWS 2022 09 06 Archived from the original on 2022 10 01 Retrieved 2022 10 17 History of debates at Washington University in St Louis Newsroom Washington University in St Louis News info wustl edu June 26 2008 Archived from the original on January 26 2010 Retrieved March 13 2013 Lost site Presidential campaigns drop St Louis from debate schedule Record wustl edu Archived from the original on July 5 2008 Retrieved March 13 2013 Second presidential debate 2016 What time how to watch and live stream online CBS News 9 October 2016 Archived from the original on 2022 10 12 Retrieved 2022 10 12 Wright Travis 2016 10 18 How Social Marketing Technology Helped WashU Win the Presidential Debate Inc com Archived from the original on 2022 10 15 Retrieved 2022 10 12 Wrighton 2008 debate bid improbable News Media studlife com Archived from the original on February 9 2009 Retrieved March 13 2013 Vice Presidential Candidates Debate C SPAN org www c span org Archived from the original on 2022 09 21 Retrieved 2022 10 12 Washington University in St Louis Vice Presidential Debate 2008 Debate wustl edu Archived from the original on March 16 2013 Retrieved March 13 2013 Washington University not to enter bid for 2020 presidential debate Student Life 4 April 2019 Archived from the original on April 23 2019 Retrieved 2019 04 23 Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District National Historic Landmark stlouis mo gov Archived from the original on 2022 08 25 Retrieved 2022 08 25 Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District LandmarkHunter com Archived from the original on 2023 01 12 Retrieved 2022 08 25 Washington University in St Louis The Princeton Review College Rankings amp Reviews www princetonreview com Archived from the original on 2020 09 28 Retrieved 2020 04 08 Metro Transit U Pass Parking amp Transportation Washington University in St Louis parking wustl edu Archived from the original on 2021 02 05 Retrieved 2020 04 11 Olin Hall Washington University School of Medicine Archived from the original on December 9 2006 Retrieved January 26 2007 Washington University Receives 7 6 Million Grant from National Cancer Institute Diverse Issues In Higher Education 2019 10 20 Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Barr Diana May 16 2022 Washington University researchers receive 61M federal grant for biomedical research Archived from the original on July 31 2022 Retrieved July 31 2022 Washington University to break ground on major neuroscience research hub Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis 2020 03 06 Archived from the original on March 19 2020 Retrieved 2020 03 17 Clendennen Andy July 23 2004 Sun rises on University s North Campus Record Archived from the original on August 29 2006 Retrieved January 10 2007 Historical Campus Tour West Campus Washington University in St Louis homepage Archived from the original on October 13 2006 Retrieved January 10 2007 Biology and Building The Living Learning Center at Washington University s Tyson Research Center A Journey on the Path to the Living Building Challenge PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 16 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 Flory Julie Hail 2020 03 30 Hu appointed dean of the faculty of Arts amp Sciences The Source Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2021 08 31 Retrieved 2021 08 31 Olin Business School Alumni Washington University Business School Alumni Olin wustl edu Archived from the original on January 30 2013 Retrieved March 13 2013 Washington University in St Louis Endowment Fund Endowments com Archived from the original on April 2 2017 Retrieved 2017 04 01 The Best Business Schools for Entrepreneurship Inc com October 28 2019 Archived from the original on 18 June 2021 Retrieved 2 November 2020 a b Byrne John A 2020 01 14 MBA Program Of The Year Washington University s Newly Revamped MBA Poets amp Quants Archived from the original on January 25 2020 Retrieved 2020 01 25 Eckmann Sabine 2016 Spotlights Collected by the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum ISBN 978 0936316420 Otten Liam October 25 2006 Washington University in St Louis Magazine Magazine wustl edu Archived from the original on June 3 2010 Retrieved March 13 2013 Best Law Schools 2020 U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on March 20 2017 Best Medical Schools Research Archived March 20 2018 at the Wayback Machine 2019 U S News amp World Report Best Medical Schools Primary Care Archived June 13 2018 at the Wayback Machine 2019 U S News amp World Report About the McDonnell Genome Institute McDonnell Genome Institute April 5 2018 Archived from the original on June 27 2018 Retrieved June 13 2018 Home Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research brimr org 2022 10 27 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Niemeyer Kelly Wiese 2023 02 07 WashU Medicine reaches new heights as it climbs to No 3 in NIH research funding The Source Washington University in St Louis Retrieved 2023 02 08 America s Best Graduate Schools 2009 Health Social Work U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on April 27 2008 Retrieved April 16 2008 Major Indo US Advanced Bioenergy Consortium launches Biodiesel Magazine 2014 10 17 Archived from the original on 2020 07 25 Retrieved 2020 05 28 IIT Delhi students to be mentored by Washington University The Times of India 2017 12 15 Archived from the original on 2020 11 01 Retrieved 2020 05 28 Educating Future World Leaders Washington Magazine Archived from the original on 2020 10 22 Retrieved 2020 05 06 Secretary General s remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy United Nations March 11 2014 Archived from the original on 2021 02 03 Retrieved 2020 04 13 Brisbane McDonnell academy symposium to tackle world s great challenges Get STEM 20 September 2016 Archived from the original on 25 July 2020 Retrieved 25 July 2020 Newly inaugurated Washington University Chancellor Andrew D Martin makes WashU Pledge The Source Washington University in St Louis 2019 10 03 Archived from the original on December 25 2019 Retrieved 2020 03 18 Longtime dentist going strong after six decades of work Arkansas Online 2012 09 30 Archived from the original on 2015 11 17 Retrieved 2022 07 31 Shapiro Jordan 10 June 2015 New St Louis dental clinic looks to close gaps in coverage STLtoday com Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Forbes America s Top Colleges List 2023 Forbes Retrieved September 22 2023 Wall Street Journal Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022 The Wall Street Journal Times Higher Education Retrieved July 26 2022 2023 2024 Best National Universities U S News amp World Report Retrieved September 22 2023 2022 National University Rankings Washington Monthly Retrieved September 13 2022 ShanghaiRanking s Academic Ranking of World Universities Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Retrieved February 25 2023 QS World University Rankings 2024 Top global universities Quacquarelli Symonds Retrieved June 27 2023 World University Rankings 2024 Times Higher Education Retrieved September 27 2023 2022 23 Best Global Universities Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved February 25 2023 U S News amp World Report College Rankings U S News amp World Report 2020 Archived from the original on February 3 2017 Retrieved September 20 2019 College Rankings WSJ Archived from the original on December 7 2017 Retrieved 2016 09 28 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities Archived from the original on August 15 2019 Retrieved September 20 2019 WashU Selectivity Rating Archived from the original on 2019 07 04 Retrieved 2020 04 08 Washington University in St Louis The Princeton Review College Rankings amp Reviews www princetonreview com Archived from the original on 2021 01 13 Retrieved 2020 04 08 WU admits 3 600 students record low 10 of applicants to Class of 2026 Student Life 15 April 2022 Archived from the original on 26 April 2022 Retrieved 25 April 2022 Common Data Set 2020 2021 PDF Washington University in St Louis Archived PDF from the original on March 9 2022 Retrieved Mar 18 2022 Common Data Set 2015 2016 PDF Washington University in St Louis Archived PDF from the original on March 9 2022 Retrieved Mar 18 2022 Washington University in St Louis The Princeton Review College Rankings amp Reviews www princetonreview com Archived from the original on 2020 09 28 Retrieved 2020 06 24 Washington University in St Louis The Princeton Review College Rankings amp Reviews www princetonreview com Archived from the original on 2021 01 13 Retrieved 2022 07 30 2020 Washington University in St Louis Rankings Niche Archived from the original on 2021 02 01 Retrieved 2020 03 18 a b 2021 Best Medical Schools Research Archived from the original on March 20 2018 Best Genetics Programs Archived from the original on November 24 2019 Best Physical Therapy Programs Archived from the original on February 5 2020 Anatomy amp Physiology Top Universities 2020 02 24 Archived from the original on 2020 03 20 Retrieved 2020 03 20 America s Best Large Employers Forbes Archived from the original on 2019 04 19 Retrieved 2020 04 12 America s 25 New Elite Ivies Newsweek 2006 08 20 Archived from the original on July 16 2019 Retrieved 2020 03 18 Greene Howard Greene Matthew 2016 The Hidden Ivies 3rd Edition 63 of America s Top Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities New York Cliff Street Books ISBN 978 0 06 095362 1 The Most Economically Diverse Top Colleges The New York Times 2014 09 08 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2019 12 24 Retrieved 2019 12 27 Some Colleges Have More Students From the Top 1 Percent Than the Bottom 60 Find Yours The New York Times 2017 01 18 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 10 2019 Retrieved 2019 04 09 A Distinction Washington U Wants to Lose Least Economically Diverse The Chronicle of Higher Education 2015 02 26 Archived from the original on 2020 11 08 Retrieved 2022 10 17 At top colleges diversity not just black white NBC News 28 April 2011 Archived from the original on 2022 10 17 Retrieved 2022 10 17 Schienvar Emily 22 January 2015 University announces plan to increase Pell eligible numbers Student Life Archived from the original on December 27 2019 Retrieved 2019 12 27 Leonhardt David 2015 01 15 The Least Economically Diverse Top College Seeking to Change The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2020 06 26 Retrieved 2020 06 24 Washington University Made An Effort To Increase Diversity And It s Working HuffPost 2015 06 29 Archived from the original on 2022 10 17 Retrieved 2022 10 17 Jenkins Wesley 2019 12 18 Washington U Is No Longer America s Least Economically Diverse College Is That Good Enough The Chronicle of Higher Education ISSN 0009 5982 Archived from the original on December 28 2019 Retrieved 2019 12 27 Washington University unveils tuition free aid program AP NEWS 2019 10 04 Archived from the original on 2020 11 26 Retrieved 2022 10 17 Kurzweil Martin LaViolet Tania Davidson Pisacreta Elizabeth Rabinowitz Adam Schwartz Emily Wyner Josh Expanding Opportunity for Lower Income Students PDF American Talent Initiative Archived PDF from the original on 2022 08 17 Retrieved 2022 08 25 2021 Best Law Schools Archived from the original on March 20 2017 2021 Best Business Schools Archived from the original on March 14 2012 Top Health Schools Usnews com Archived from the original on April 1 2019 Retrieved 20 May 2019 Levy Francesca Rodkin Jonathan These Are the Best Undergraduate Business Schools of 2016 Bloomberg com Archived from the original on April 26 2016 Retrieved December 26 2016 America s Best Architecture amp Design Schools 2016 DesignIntelligence Di net Archived from the original on November 20 2016 Retrieved December 26 2016 Reputation and World Rankings Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved June 20 2012 Opportunities for Students Washington University in St Louis Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on April 7 2017 Retrieved 2017 04 01 Research by School Washington University in St Louis Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on April 7 2017 Retrieved 2017 04 01 More than 60 of undergraduates perform research Washington University in St Louis Admissions Archived from the original on July 14 2008 Retrieved July 18 2008 The Top American Research Universities PDF Archived from the original PDF on May 5 2015 Retrieved March 13 2013 Office of Undergraduate Research Washington University in St Louis Ur wustl edu Archived from the original on January 8 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 Table 20 Higher education R amp D expenditures ranked by FY 2018 R amp D expenditures FYs 2009 18 ncsesdata nsf gov National Science Foundation Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Research Activity 2007 Annual Report PDF Washington University in St Louis Office of Research Archived from the original PDF on September 9 2008 Retrieved July 18 2008 Genome Sequencing Center Archived from the original on May 5 2009 Genomes decoded by Washington University Archived from the original on May 30 2009 Fitzpatrick Tony June 12 2008 WUSTL plays key role in Phoenix Mars Mission Record Archived from the original on February 10 2009 Retrieved July 18 2008 National Endowment for the Humanities Awards and Offers June 2009 PDF June 1 2009 Archived PDF from the original on March 28 2021 Retrieved July 31 2022 Computational biology project aims to better understand protein folding The Source Washington University in St Louis 2019 02 26 Archived from the original on 2020 04 10 Retrieved 2020 04 12 Patrizio Andy 2020 04 01 Thousands of PCs break exaFLOP barrier Network World Archived from the original on 2020 04 12 Retrieved 2020 04 12 Folding home stats report archive is 2020 04 08 Archived from the original on 2020 04 08 Retrieved 2020 04 12 Library Facts By the Numbers Washington University in St Louis Libraries Archived from the original on September 2 2006 Retrieved September 10 2006 Best College Library The Princeton Review www princetonreview com Archived from the original on 2021 02 01 Retrieved 2020 04 08 Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum St Louis MO greatriverroad com 23 October 2019 Archived from the original on 2022 10 17 Retrieved 2022 10 12 College Scorecard Washington University in St Louis United States Department of Education Archived from the original on February 28 2021 Retrieved May 8 2022 Directory of Student Groups Washington University Student Union Archived from the original on December 17 2006 Secure Login Connect wustl edu Archived from the original on 2021 02 01 Retrieved 2019 04 23 Best of St Louis Riverfront Times Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved February 10 2007 Big Names Drive DUC Funding Student Life Archived from the original on February 2 2009 Retrieved January 8 2009 Frequently Asked Questions Danforth University Center Archived from the original on July 9 2008 Retrieved January 8 2009 The Amateurs website Theamateurs org Archived from the original on May 14 2013 Retrieved March 13 2013 After Dark website Wuafterdark com Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved March 13 2013 Wash U Palin Biden Love Song Archived October 22 2012 at the Wayback Machine from cbsnews com October 3 2008 accessed March 17 2012 About Us WashU Bridge Club Washington University in St Louis sites wustl edu Archived from the original on 2022 01 03 Retrieved 2022 01 03 Levitt Aimee Fat Drunk and Stupid Sigma Alpha Mu Frat Kicked Out of Wash U Riverfront Times Archived from the original on 2020 12 23 Retrieved 2020 04 18 Butler Jayla 29 September 2020 Following a summer of mass deactivations Campus Life considers next steps for Greek Life Student Life Archived from the original on 2020 11 13 Retrieved 2020 11 15 Doores Beth July 29 2021 Sorority and Fraternity Life Spring 2021 Report PDF Washington University in St Louis Archived PDF from the original on February 26 2022 Retrieved October 12 2022 Best College Dorms The Princeton Review www princetonreview com Archived from the original on December 23 2018 Retrieved 2019 08 19 WU Residential Life Office Reslife wustl edu Archived from the original on March 13 2013 Retrieved March 13 2013 WUnderground WashU s Premier and only satirical newspaper Wunderground wustl edu Archived from the original on May 5 2019 Retrieved May 20 2019 Women s Basketball Washington University Athletics Archived from the original on April 8 2007 Retrieved April 7 2007 Volleyball Washington University Athletics Archived from the original on June 6 2010 Retrieved July 30 2010 WUSTL Athletics WUSTL Athletics Archived from the original on 2021 10 15 Retrieved 2021 01 27 Athletic Titles Washington University Athletics Archived from the original on December 14 2007 Retrieved November 19 2007 Moore Tim John Schael St Louis Sports Hall of Fame Archived from the original on 2022 05 23 Retrieved 2023 01 06 a b John Schael Washington University Athletics Archived from the original on July 27 2010 Retrieved July 30 2010 Washington University in St Louis Men s Club Volleyball Sites google com Archived from the original on April 27 2014 Retrieved March 13 2013 Some Days the Bears Get You Washington University in St Louis Paws Past Middlebury College 14 9 to Capture 2015 Division III National Collegiate Club Championship Collegiate Water Polo Association Collegiatewaterpolo org Archived from the original on 2016 09 19 Retrieved 2016 08 22 Three Peat Washington University in St Louis Doubles Carnegie Mellon University 14 7 to Capture 2016 Men s Division III National Collegiate Club Championship Collegiate Water Polo Association Collegiatewaterpolo org Archived from the original on 2016 11 21 Retrieved 2016 11 21 Thurtene Carnival is a highlight of spring stltoday com Archived from the original on November 19 2018 Retrieved 2018 01 04 April 21 23 2017 Thurtene org Archived from the original on April 2 2017 Retrieved 2017 04 01 Schoenherr Neil April 19 2006 Let your imagination ride at Thurtene Carnival April 22 23 Washington University in St Louis News amp Information Archived from the original on August 28 2006 Retrieved September 10 2006 a b Campus Traditions Undergraduate Admissions Washington University in St Louis Undergraduate Admissions Archived from the original on 2020 03 02 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Convocation New Students Washington University in St Louis newstudents wustl edu Archived from the original on 2020 04 07 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Cheap Lunch WashU Cheap Lunch EnCouncil Art Prom Students 2018 11 05 Archived from the original on 2020 04 07 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Underpass Panels Event Management Washington University in St Louis eventmanagement wustl edu Archived from the original on 2020 04 07 Retrieved 2020 04 07 University Facts Washington University in St Louis Archived from the original on 2019 07 04 Retrieved 2022 06 17 U S Rhodes Scholarships Number of Winners by Institution U S Rhodes Scholars 1904 2023 PDF The Rhodes Trust Archived PDF from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved January 5 2023 WashU announces donation from Square co founder to grow engineering school TechCrunch 31 January 2019 Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Avram Glazer who is the Man Utd co owner and what has he said about European Super League plot www nationalworld com 2021 05 05 Archived from the original on 2021 06 12 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Piper Shimizu Stephane 2018 03 02 Jon Feltheimer Variety Archived from the original on 2022 07 30 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Murphy Doyle Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe Is a Wash U Grad Riverfront Times Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Speaker Andrew McCabe Former Acting amp Deputy Director of the FBI LAI www leadingauthorities com Archived from the original on 2021 08 21 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Schechtman Jeff 2021 11 26 Business for Good A Conversation With George Zimmer WhoWhatWhy Archived from the original on 2022 04 19 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Exit Interview Phil Radford Greenpeace Greenbiz www greenbiz com Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Strategy Study How Gilead Went From Unprofitable To Biopharmaceutical Giant www cascade app Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Serbia s new finance minister vows to cut debt keep fiscal stability seenews com Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Dramatists Play Service Inc www dramatists com Archived from the original on 2022 11 27 Retrieved 2022 11 27 Jim Talent bipartisanpolicy org Archived from the original on 2022 07 05 Retrieved 2022 07 30 William H Webster February 23 1978 May 25 1987 Federal Bureau of Investigation Archived from the original on February 17 2022 Retrieved 2023 01 08 William H Webster International Spy Museum Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Chic Hecht 77 Former Senator and Businessman From Nevada Is Dead The New York Times Associated Press 2006 05 18 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Seline Libby 19 October 2018 Board of Regents Incumbent Hal Daub plans to advocate for affordable tuition The Daily Nebraskan Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Alumni Feature Kenneth Cooper 70 Graland Country Day School 2021 10 05 Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Interview Book on African American leaders includes St Louis connections STLPR 2015 03 03 Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Biography Mr Hank Klibanoff ppww hkbu edu hk Archived from the original on 2016 04 22 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Leana Wen Carnegie Corporation of New York Archived from the original on 2021 09 23 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Harold Ramis Walk of Fame Archived from the original on 2022 02 21 Retrieved 2022 07 30 David Merrick The Official Masterworks Broadway Site Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Rich Frank 2000 04 27 David Merrick 88 Showman Who Ruled Broadway Dies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Dal Maxvill Society for American Baseball Research Archived from the original on 2021 11 26 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Hilts Philip J 1998 09 04 Jonathan Mann AIDS Pioneer Is Dead at 51 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Murnane Kevin Deanne Bell s Future Engineers Program Connects Students With NASA And STEM Forbes Archived from the original on 2021 01 26 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Tonnessen Heather 2016 08 30 Robert L Behnken Colonel USAF RET PH D NASA Astronaut NASA Archived from the original on 2022 04 14 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Coleman Ken May 25 2022 Davis makes history becomes Michigan s first Black female U S Appeals Court judge Michigan Advance Archived from the original on 2022 11 27 Retrieved 2022 11 27 Biden Nominates Black Female Michigan Judge for U S Court of Appeals The Michigan Chronicle 2022 02 02 Archived from the original on 2022 11 27 Retrieved 2022 11 27 Brain On Fire Wash U Alum Describes Encounter With Rare Autoimmune Disease STLPR Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Pepper Schwartz Ph D Psychology Today www psychologytoday com Archived from the original on 2022 07 31 Retrieved 2022 07 30 CDC Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 10 06 Archived from the original on 2018 07 05 Retrieved 2022 07 31 Freyer Felice December 7 2020 Dr Rochelle Walensky Biden s choice for CDC chief brings stellar reputation as scientist and communicator The Boston Globe Archived from the original on April 28 2022 Retrieved July 31 2022 Star Student University of Iowa magazine foriowa org Archived from the original on 2022 11 03 Retrieved 2022 11 03 Joe Madison Finding Your Roots Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Ballentine Summer Once a Republican Koster seeks governorship as a Democrat Springfield News Leader Archived from the original on 2023 01 08 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Andrea Palm HHS gov 2021 05 12 Archived from the original on 2022 11 28 Retrieved 2023 01 08 Kendall Gretsch TeamUSA org United States Olympic Committee Archived from the original on January 31 2022 Retrieved July 30 2022 Tietz Tabea 2019 03 11 J C R Licklider and Interactive Computing SciHi Blog Archived from the original on 2022 07 10 Retrieved 2022 07 31 Nagel Charles www tshaonline org Archived from the original on 2020 11 01 Retrieved 2022 07 31 Stout David 1996 02 01 Julian W Hill Nylon s Discoverer Dies at 91 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2021 01 04 Retrieved 2022 07 31 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.