fbpx
Wikipedia

Oak Ridge Associated Universities

January 26, 2023

Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) is a consortium of American universities headquartered in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with offices in Arlington, Virginia, Arvada, Colorado, Belcamp, Maryland, Cincinnati, Ohio and staff at other locations across the country.

Oak Ridge Associated Universities
AbbreviationORAU
Formation1946
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersOak Ridge, Tennessee
Membership
143 colleges and universities
President
Andy Page
Websitewww.orau.org
Formerly called
Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS)

History

 
Eleanor Roosevelt (center) and William G. Pollard watch as Nurse Mary Sutliff demonstrates a radiation counter during Roosevelt's 1955 visit to the Oak Ridge cancer research hospital. (Photo by Ed Westcott)

The organization was first established in 1946 as the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS) with 14 university members. Its original purpose was to advance science and technology education and research by providing access to the atomic energy research facilities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to faculty and students of universities across the South.[1] The Institute also served to provide access to university faculty for ORNL researchers, arranging for University of Tennessee faculty to teach master's and doctoral courses in chemistry, math, and physics in Oak Ridge using ORNL facilities, equipment, and supplies.[2] University of Tennessee faculty member William G. Pollard developed the institution from a suggestion by ORNL physicist Katharine Way; Pollard would be elected the Institute's first executive director, a position he would hold until 1974.[1][3] The name Oak Ridge Associated Universities was adopted in 1966.[4]

In 1950, ORINS opened a hospital where it conducted clinical research for the United States Atomic Energy Commission on the use of radiation and radioactive materials in cancer treatment. The hospital treated patients until the mid-1970s.[2] ORINS also conducted training courses in radioisotopes and established resident training programs in nuclear medicine. In the 1980s, clinical research at ORINS was the subject of investigation by the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments.

The Institute for Energy Analysis was organized as a unit of ORAU in January 1974, under the leadership of former Oak Ridge National Laboratory director Alvin Weinberg. This institute's focus was evaluation of alternatives for meeting future energy requirements. From 1976 until it ceased operation with Weinberg's retirement in 1984, the Institute for Energy Analysis was a center for study of diverse issues related to carbon dioxide and global climate.

In the mid-1970s, ORAU operated the Training And Technology (TAT) Project, an effort at providing marketable technical skills to the disadvantaged unemployed. TAT taught basic sciences as well as technical skill concentrations, such as welding, machining, mechanical operations, drafting and physical testing. Employment search assistance was provided to trainees to integrate with regional industrial company opportunities.

The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) was established by ORAU in 1976 to provide onsite emergency medical services, advice, and consultation for incidents involving radiation anywhere in the world.

Current mission and programs

ORAU's mission continues to be the advancement of scientific research and education. ORAU operates the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) under contract to the Department of Energy. ORISE provides operational capabilities and conducts research, education, and training in the areas of science and technology, national security, environmental safety and health, and environmental management.

Health physics and epidemiology continue to be major areas of activity for ORAU and ORISE. Activities include radiological surveys, dose reconstruction, and health screening for workers who may have been exposed to radioactive material, beryllium, or other toxins. The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) continues to operate as a part of ORISE. A Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory has been established within ORISE to provide capabilities for measuring radiation dose and to conduct research to improve techniques for determining the doses received by victims of radiological accidents.

Members

ORAU defines two levels of membership, "sponsoring institution" and "associate member." Sponsoring institutions must be non-profit, accredited universities granting doctoral degrees in relevant fields ("complementary to the interests of ORAU members and/or the programs of ORAU itself"), and either among the top schools in the US by Carnegie Classification or National Science Foundation research spending, or have offered doctoral degrees in multiple STEM fields for at least five years. Associate members are not required to be non-profit, but must be accredited and offer graduate degrees in at least two science, engineering, or math fields; be recommended by an existing sponsoring institution or ORAU program; and receive a significant amount of NSF or other federal research funding.[5]

The ORAU consortium comprises more than 120 sponsoring institutions and 19 associate members, as of November 2021.[6] Several institutions (28 as of November 2021) are additionally members of ORAU's Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) Research Council, created to foster "relationships between these schools" serving historically disadvantaged communities in the US "and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America", and increase participation by members of minority communities in scientific research.[7]

Sponsoring institutions

Associate members

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Member of ORAU’s MSI Research Council[7]

References

  1. ^ a b Smith, D. Ray; Krause, Carolyn (Dec 6, 2016). "Historically Speaking: Katherine [sic] Way and her influence on Oak Ridge". The Oak Ridger. Retrieved 11 July 2017. [Katharine] Way suggested to William Pollard, a former colleague and physics faculty member at the University of Tennessee, that the extensive and unique facilities of ORNL should be made available to the faculty and students of Southern universities. Pollard, a nuclear physicist, author and Episcopal priest, embraced the idea and founded the institute.
  2. ^ a b Bonee, Pam (February 23, 2011). "Oak Ridge Associated Universities". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Nashville and Knoxville, TN: Tennessee Historical Society and the University of Tennessee Press. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  3. ^ "Oak Ridge Post Filled". The New York Times. Associated Press. 23 June 1974. p. 22. Retrieved 11 July 2017. Philip L. Johnson has been named executive director of Oak Ridge Associated Universities to succeed Dr. William G. Pollard.
  4. ^ "The ORAU Story: a brief history of ORAU from 1946 to present". www.orau.org. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Criteria for membership in the ORAU university consortium". www.orau.org. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  6. ^ "Directory of ORAU Consortium Member Universities". www.orau.org. 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "ORAU MSI Research Council". www.orau.org. Retrieved 5 October 2021. What America's historically black colleges and universities and minority-serving education institutions may lack in material resources for scientific research, they more than make up for in talent, ingenuity and expertise. ORAU recognizes these capabilities and places a high priority on building relationships between these schools and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America.

External links

  • Oak Ridge Associated Universities official website
  • Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) is managed by ORAU for the U.S. Department of Energy.

January 26, 2023
ridge, associated, universities, orau, consortium, american, universities, headquartered, ridge, tennessee, with, offices, arlington, virginia, arvada, colorado, belcamp, maryland, cincinnati, ohio, staff, other, locations, across, country, abbreviationoraufor. Oak Ridge Associated Universities ORAU is a consortium of American universities headquartered in Oak Ridge Tennessee with offices in Arlington Virginia Arvada Colorado Belcamp Maryland Cincinnati Ohio and staff at other locations across the country Oak Ridge Associated UniversitiesAbbreviationORAUFormation1946Legal statusActiveHeadquartersOak Ridge TennesseeMembership143 colleges and universitiesPresidentAndy PageWebsitewww orau orgFormerly calledOak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies ORINS Contents 1 History 2 Current mission and programs 3 Members 3 1 Sponsoring institutions 3 2 Associate members 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory Edit Eleanor Roosevelt center and William G Pollard watch as Nurse Mary Sutliff demonstrates a radiation counter during Roosevelt s 1955 visit to the Oak Ridge cancer research hospital Photo by Ed Westcott The organization was first established in 1946 as the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies ORINS with 14 university members Its original purpose was to advance science and technology education and research by providing access to the atomic energy research facilities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL to faculty and students of universities across the South 1 The Institute also served to provide access to university faculty for ORNL researchers arranging for University of Tennessee faculty to teach master s and doctoral courses in chemistry math and physics in Oak Ridge using ORNL facilities equipment and supplies 2 University of Tennessee faculty member William G Pollard developed the institution from a suggestion by ORNL physicist Katharine Way Pollard would be elected the Institute s first executive director a position he would hold until 1974 1 3 The name Oak Ridge Associated Universities was adopted in 1966 4 In 1950 ORINS opened a hospital where it conducted clinical research for the United States Atomic Energy Commission on the use of radiation and radioactive materials in cancer treatment The hospital treated patients until the mid 1970s 2 ORINS also conducted training courses in radioisotopes and established resident training programs in nuclear medicine In the 1980s clinical research at ORINS was the subject of investigation by the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments The Institute for Energy Analysis was organized as a unit of ORAU in January 1974 under the leadership of former Oak Ridge National Laboratory director Alvin Weinberg This institute s focus was evaluation of alternatives for meeting future energy requirements From 1976 until it ceased operation with Weinberg s retirement in 1984 the Institute for Energy Analysis was a center for study of diverse issues related to carbon dioxide and global climate In the mid 1970s ORAU operated the Training And Technology TAT Project an effort at providing marketable technical skills to the disadvantaged unemployed TAT taught basic sciences as well as technical skill concentrations such as welding machining mechanical operations drafting and physical testing Employment search assistance was provided to trainees to integrate with regional industrial company opportunities The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center Training Site REAC TS was established by ORAU in 1976 to provide onsite emergency medical services advice and consultation for incidents involving radiation anywhere in the world Current mission and programs EditORAU s mission continues to be the advancement of scientific research and education ORAU operates the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ORISE under contract to the Department of Energy ORISE provides operational capabilities and conducts research education and training in the areas of science and technology national security environmental safety and health and environmental management Health physics and epidemiology continue to be major areas of activity for ORAU and ORISE Activities include radiological surveys dose reconstruction and health screening for workers who may have been exposed to radioactive material beryllium or other toxins The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center Training Site REAC TS continues to operate as a part of ORISE A Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory has been established within ORISE to provide capabilities for measuring radiation dose and to conduct research to improve techniques for determining the doses received by victims of radiological accidents Members EditORAU defines two levels of membership sponsoring institution and associate member Sponsoring institutions must be non profit accredited universities granting doctoral degrees in relevant fields complementary to the interests of ORAU members and or the programs of ORAU itself and either among the top schools in the US by Carnegie Classification or National Science Foundation research spending or have offered doctoral degrees in multiple STEM fields for at least five years Associate members are not required to be non profit but must be accredited and offer graduate degrees in at least two science engineering or math fields be recommended by an existing sponsoring institution or ORAU program and receive a significant amount of NSF or other federal research funding 5 The ORAU consortium comprises more than 120 sponsoring institutions and 19 associate members as of November 2021 6 Several institutions 28 as of November 2021 are additionally members of ORAU s Minority Serving Institutions MSI Research Council created to foster relationships between these schools serving historically disadvantaged communities in the US and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America and increase participation by members of minority communities in scientific research 7 Sponsoring institutions Edit Alabama A amp M University a Arizona State University Auburn University Augusta University Carnegie Mellon University Catholic University of America City College of New York a Clark Atlanta University a Clemson University College of William amp Mary Colorado State University Columbia University Duke University East Carolina University East Tennessee State University Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Emory University Florida A amp M University a Florida Atlantic University a Florida Institute of Technology Florida International University a Florida State University George Mason University George Washington University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia State University Howard University a Idaho State University Illinois Institute of Technology Indiana University Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Iowa State University Jackson State University a Johns Hopkins University Lehigh University Louisiana State University Meharry Medical College a Mercer University Michigan State University Michigan Technological University Middle Tennessee State University Mississippi State University Missouri University of Science amp Technology New Mexico State University a North Carolina A amp T State University a North Carolina State University Ohio State University Ohio University Oklahoma State University Oregon State University Pennsylvania State University Purdue University Rice University Rutgers University Southern Illinois University Carbondale Southern Methodist University Southern University and A amp M College a Syracuse University Temple University Tennessee State University a Tennessee Technological University Texas A amp M University Texas Christian University Texas Tech University a Tulane University Tuskegee University a University of Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Alabama in Huntsville University at Albany University of Arkansas University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences University of Central Florida University of Cincinnati University of Colorado Boulder University of Colorado Denver University of Delaware University of Florida University of Georgia University of Houston a University of Kentucky University of Louisiana at Lafayette University of Louisville University of Maryland Baltimore County a University of Maryland College Park University of Massachusetts Lowell University of Memphis University of Miami a University of Michigan University of Mississippi University of Nevada Las Vegas University of Nevada Reno University of New Mexico a University of New Orleans University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of North Texas a University of Notre Dame University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center University of Pittsburgh University of South Alabama University of South Carolina University of South Florida University of Southern Mississippi University of Tennessee University of Tennessee at Chattanooga University of Tennessee Health Science Center University of Texas at Arlington a University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Dallas University of Texas at San Antonio a University of Toledo University of Tulsa University of Utah University of Virginia University of Wisconsin Madison Utah State University Vanderbilt University Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Wake Forest University Washington University in St Louis Wayne State University West Virginia University Western Kentucky University Yale University Associate members Edit Appalachian State University Arkansas State University Berea College College of Charleston Eastern Kentucky University Fayetteville State University a Johnson C Smith University a Lincoln Memorial University Maryville College Mercyhurst University Oakland University South Carolina State University a Spelman College a Texas A amp M University Kingsville a Thomas Jefferson University University of Maryland Eastern Shore a University of Texas Rio Grande Valley a University of the District of Columbia a Villanova UniversitySee also EditAdvisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Atoms for Peace Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationNotes Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Member of ORAU s MSI Research Council 7 References Edit a b Smith D Ray Krause Carolyn Dec 6 2016 Historically Speaking Katherine sic Way and her influence on Oak Ridge The Oak Ridger Retrieved 11 July 2017 Katharine Way suggested to William Pollard a former colleague and physics faculty member at the University of Tennessee that the extensive and unique facilities of ORNL should be made available to the faculty and students of Southern universities Pollard a nuclear physicist author and Episcopal priest embraced the idea and founded the institute a b Bonee Pam February 23 2011 Oak Ridge Associated Universities Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture Nashville and Knoxville TN Tennessee Historical Society and the University of Tennessee Press Retrieved 11 July 2017 Oak Ridge Post Filled The New York Times Associated Press 23 June 1974 p 22 Retrieved 11 July 2017 Philip L Johnson has been named executive director of Oak Ridge Associated Universities to succeed Dr William G Pollard The ORAU Story a brief history of ORAU from 1946 to present www orau org Retrieved 5 October 2021 Criteria for membership in the ORAU university consortium www orau org Retrieved 5 October 2021 Directory of ORAU Consortium Member Universities www orau org 2021 Retrieved November 16 2021 a b ORAU MSI Research Council www orau org Retrieved 5 October 2021 What America s historically black colleges and universities and minority serving education institutions may lack in material resources for scientific research they more than make up for in talent ingenuity and expertise ORAU recognizes these capabilities and places a high priority on building relationships between these schools and some of the larger laboratories and research universities in America External links EditOak Ridge Associated Universities official website Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ORISE is managed by ORAU for the U S Department of Energy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oak Ridge Associated Universities amp oldid 1097460211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.