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Wikipedia

Elizabeth Warren

January 18, 2023

For other people named Elizabeth Warren, see Elizabeth Warren (disambiguation).

Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third.

Elizabeth Warren
Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus
Assumed office
January 3, 2017
Serving with Mark Warner
LeaderChuck Schumer
Preceded byChuck Schumer
United States Senator
from Massachusetts
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Serving with Ed Markey
Preceded byScott Brown
Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
In office
September 17, 2010 – August 1, 2011
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRaj Date
Chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel
In office
November 25, 2008 – November 15, 2010
DeputyDamon Silvers
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byTed Kaufman
Personal details
Born
Elizabeth Ann Herring

(1949-06-22) June 22, 1949 (age 73)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic (1996–present)
Other political
affiliations		Republican (1991–1996)[1]
Spouse(s)
Jim Warren
​
​
(m. 1968; div. 1978)​

​
(m. 1980)​
Children2, including Amelia
EducationUniversity of Houston (BS)
Rutgers University (JD)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • law professor
  • author
Signature
WebsiteSenate website

Born and raised in Oklahoma, Warren is a graduate of the University of Houston and Rutgers Law School and has taught law at several universities, including the University of Houston, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. She was one of the most influential professors in commercial and bankruptcy law before beginning her political career. Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles.[3][4][5]

Warren's first foray into public policy began in 1995, when she worked to oppose what eventually became a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.[6][7] During the late 2000s, her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after the financial crisis of 2007–08. She served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and proposed and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for which she served as the first special advisor under President Barack Obama.[8]

In 2012, Warren defeated incumbent Republican Scott Brown and became the first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.[9] She won re-election by a wide margin in 2018, defeating Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.[10] On February 9, 2019, Warren announced her candidacy in the 2020 United States presidential election.[11] She was briefly considered the front-runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019, but support for her campaign dwindled. She withdrew from the race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.[12]

Early life and education

 
Warren's high school graduation photo

Warren was born Elizabeth Ann Herring in Oklahoma City on June 22, 1949.[13][14][15][16] She is the fourth child of Pauline Louise (née Reed, 1912–1995), a homemaker,[17] and Donald Jones Herring (1911–1997), a U.S. Army flight instructor during World War II, both of whom were members of the evangelical branch of the Protestant Methodist Church.[18] Warren has described her early family life as teetering "on the ragged edge of the middle class" and "kind of hanging on at the edges by our fingernails."[19][20] She and her three older brothers were raised Methodist.[21][22]

Warren lived in Norman, Oklahoma, until she was 11 years old, when her family moved back to Oklahoma City.[20] When she was 12, her father, then a salesman at Montgomery Ward,[20] had a heart attack, which led to many medical bills as well as a pay cut because he could not do his previous work.[15] After leaving his sales job, he worked as a maintenance man for an apartment building.[23] Eventually, the family's car was repossessed because they failed to make loan payments. To help the family finances, her mother found work in the catalog-order department at Sears.[15] When she was 13, Warren started waiting tables at her aunt's restaurant.[24][25]

Warren became a star member of the debate team at Northwest Classen High School and won the state high school debating championship. She also won a debate scholarship to George Washington University (GWU) at the age of 16.[15] She initially aspired to be a teacher, but left GWU after two years in 1968 to marry James Robert "Jim" Warren,[26] whom she had met in high school.[15][24][27]

Warren and her husband moved to Houston, where he was employed by IBM.[15][28] She enrolled in the University of Houston and graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Science degree in speech pathology and audiology.[23][29]

The Warrens moved to New Jersey when Jim received a job transfer. She soon became pregnant and decided to stay at home to care for their daughter, Amelia.[15][19][30] After Amelia turned two, Warren enrolled at Rutgers Law School.[30] She received her Juris Doctor in 1976 and passed the bar examination shortly thereafter.[27][30] Shortly before graduating, Warren became pregnant with their second child, Alexander.[15][19]

Career

In 1970, after obtaining a degree in speech pathology and audiology, but before enrolling in law school, Warren taught children with disabilities for a year in a public school.[31] During law school, she worked as a summer associate at Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. After receiving her Juris Doctor and passing the bar examination, Warren offered legal services from home, writing wills and doing real estate closings.[27][30]

In the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Warren taught law at several American universities while researching issues related to bankruptcy and middle-class personal finance.[30] She became involved with public work in bankruptcy regulation and consumer protection in the mid-1990s.

Academic

Warren began her career in academia as a lecturer at Rutgers University, Newark School of Law (1977–1978). She then moved to the University of Houston Law Center (1978–1983), where she became an associate dean in 1980 and obtained tenure in 1981. She taught at the University of Texas School of Law as visiting associate professor in 1981 and returned as a full professor two years later (staying from 1983 to 1987). She was a research associate at the Population Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin from 1983 to 1987[29] and was also a visiting professor at the University of Michigan in 1985. During this period, Warren also taught Sunday school.[21][32]

 
Warren in University of Texas School of Law's 1987 yearbook.

Warren's earliest academic work was heavily influenced by the law and economics movement, which aimed to apply neoclassical economic theory to the study of law with an emphasis on economic efficiency. One of her articles, published in 1980 in the Notre Dame Law Review, argued that public utilities were over-regulated and that automatic utility rate increases should be instituted.[33] But Warren soon became a proponent of on-the-ground research into how people respond to laws. Her work analyzing court records and interviewing judges, lawyers, and debtors, established her as a rising star in the field of bankruptcy law.[34] According to Warren and economists who follow her work, one of her key insights was that rising bankruptcy rates were caused not by profligate consumer spending but by middle-class families' attempts to buy homes in good school districts.[35] Warren worked in this field alongside colleagues Teresa A. Sullivan and Jay Westbrook, and the trio published their research in the book As We Forgive Our Debtors in 1989. Warren later recalled that she had begun her research believing that most people filing for bankruptcy were either working the system or had been irresponsible in incurring debts, but that she concluded that such abuse was in fact rare and that the legal framework for bankruptcy was poorly designed, describing the way the research challenged her fundamental beliefs as "worse than disillusionment" and "like being shocked at a deep-down level".[33] In 2004, she published an article in the Washington University Law Review in which she argued that correlating middle-class struggles with over-consumption was a fallacy.[36]

Warren joined the University of Pennsylvania Law School as a full professor in 1987 and obtained an endowed chair in 1990, becoming the William A. Schnader Professor of Commercial Law. In 1992, she taught for a year at Harvard Law School as Robert Braucher Visiting Professor of Commercial Law. In 1995, Warren left Penn to become Leo Gottlieb Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. In 1996, she became the highest-paid professor at Harvard University who was not an administrator, with a $181,300 salary and total compensation of $291,876, including moving expenses and an allowance in lieu of benefits contributions.[37][29] As of 2011, she was Harvard's only tenured law professor who had attended law school at an American public university.[34] Warren was a highly influential law professor. She published in many fields, but her expertise was in bankruptcy and commercial law. From 2005 to 2009, Warren was among the three most-cited scholars in those fields.[38][39]

She began to rise in prominence in 2004 with an appearance on the Dr. Phil show, and published several books including The Two-Income Trap.[40]

Advisory roles

In 1995, the National Bankruptcy Review Commission's chair, former congressman Mike Synar, asked Warren to advise the commission. Synar had been a debate opponent of Warren's during their school years.[41] She helped draft the commission's report and worked for several years to oppose legislation intended to severely restrict consumers' right to file for bankruptcy. Warren and others opposing the legislation were not successful; in 2005, Congress passed the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, which curtailed consumers' ability to file for bankruptcy.[24][42]

From 2006 to 2010, Warren was a member of the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion.[43] She is a member of the National Bankruptcy Conference, an independent organization that advises the U.S. Congress on bankruptcy law,[44] a former vice president of the American Law Institute and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[45]

Warren's scholarship and public advocacy were the impetus for establishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2011.[46][47]: 1315 

TARP oversight

 
Warren stands next to President Barack Obama as he announces Richard Cordray's nomination as the first director of the CFPB, July 2011.

On November 14, 2008, U.S. Senate majority leader Harry Reid appointed Warren to chair the five-member Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the implementation of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.[48] The panel released monthly oversight reports evaluating the government bailout and related programs.[49] During Warren's tenure, these reports covered foreclosure mitigation, consumer and small business lending, commercial real estate, AIG, bank stress tests, the impact of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) on the financial markets, government guarantees, the automotive industry and other topics.[50][51][52]

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

 
Warren discussing the work of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau at the ICBA conference in 2011

Warren was an early advocate for creating a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The bureau was established by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, signed into law by President Obama in July 2010. In September 2010, Obama named Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the CFPB to set up the new agency.[53] While liberal groups and consumer advocacy groups urged Obama to formally nominate Warren as the agency's director, financial institutions and Republican members of Congress strongly opposed her, believing she would be an overly zealous regulator.[24][54][55] Reportedly convinced that Warren could not win Senate confirmation as the bureau's first director,[56] in January 2012, Obama appointed former Ohio attorney general Richard Cordray to the post in a recess appointment over Republican senators' objections.[57][58]

Political affiliation

A close high-school friend told Politico in 2019 that in high school Warren was a "diehard conservative" and that she had since done a "180-degree turn and an about-face".[33] One of her colleagues at the University of Texas in Austin said that at university in the early 1980s Warren was "sometimes surprisingly anti-consumer in her attitude".[33] Gary L. Francione, who had been a colleague of hers at the University of Pennsylvania, recalled in 2019 that when he heard her speak at the time she was becoming politically prominent, he "almost fell off [his] chair... She's definitely changed".[33] Warren was registered as a Republican from 1991 to 1996[1] and voted Republican for many years. "I was a Republican because I thought that those were the people who best supported markets", she has said.[15] But she has also said that in the six presidential elections before 1996 she voted for the Republican nominee only once, in 1976, for Gerald Ford.[33]

Warren has said that she began to vote Democratic in 1995 because she no longer believed that the Republicans were the party who best supported markets, but she has said she has voted for both parties because she believed neither should dominate.[59] According to Warren, she left the Republican Party because it is no longer "principled in its conservative approach to economics and to markets" and is instead tilting the playing field in favor of large financial institutions and against middle-class American families.[60][61]

U.S. Senate (2013–present)

See also: Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren
 
2012 Senate election results by municipality
 
Senate campaign logo

Elections

2012

Main article: 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

On September 14, 2011, Warren declared her intention to run for the Democratic nomination for the 2012 election in Massachusetts for the U.S. Senate. Republican Scott Brown had won the seat in a 2010 special election after Ted Kennedy's death.[62][63] A week later, a video of Warren speaking in Andover went viral on the Internet.[64] In it, Warren responds to the charge that asking the rich to pay more taxes is "class warfare" by saying that no one grew rich in the U.S. without depending on infrastructure paid for by the rest of society:[65][66]

There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own. Nobody. ... You moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for; you hired workers the rest of us paid to educate; you were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces that the rest of us paid for. You didn't have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory, and hire someone to protect against this, because of the work the rest of us did. Now look, you built a factory and it turned into something terrific, or a great idea. God bless. Keep a big hunk of it. But part of the underlying social contract is, you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.

President Obama later echoed her sentiments in a 2012 election campaign speech.[67]

 
Warren at a campaign event, November 2012

Warren ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination and won it on June 2, 2012, at the state Democratic convention with a record 95.77% of the votes of delegates.[68][69][70] She encountered significant opposition from business interests. In August, the political director for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce commented that "no other candidate in 2012 represents a greater threat to free enterprise than Professor Warren".[71] Warren nonetheless raised $39 million for her campaign, more than any other Senate candidate in 2012, and showed, according to The New York Times, "that it was possible to run against the big banks without Wall Street money and still win".[56]

Warren received a prime-time speaking slot at the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5, 2012. She positioned herself as a champion of a beleaguered middle class that "has been chipped, squeezed, and hammered". According to Warren, "People feel like the system is rigged against them. And here's the painful part: They're right. The system is rigged." Warren said Wall Street CEOs "wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs" and that they "still strut around congress, no shame, demanding favors, and acting like we should thank them".[72][73][74]

2018

Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

On January 6, 2017, in an email to supporters, Warren announced that she would be running for a second term as a U.S. senator from Massachusetts, writing, "The people of Massachusetts didn't send me to Washington to roll over and play dead while Donald Trump and his team of billionaires, bigots, and Wall Street bankers crush the working people of our Commonwealth and this country. ... This is no time to quit."[75]

In the 2018 election, Warren defeated Republican nominee Geoff Diehl, 60% to 36%.

Tenure

On November 6, 2012, Warren defeated Brown with 53.7% of the vote. She is the first woman ever elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts,[13] as part of a sitting U.S. Senate that had 20 women senators in office, which was the most in Senate history at the time, following the November 2012 elections. In December 2012, Warren was assigned a seat on the Senate Banking Committee, which oversees the implementation of Dodd–Frank and other regulation of the banking industry.[76] Vice President Joe Biden swore Warren in on January 3, 2013.[77]

At Warren's first Banking Committee hearing in February 2013, she pressed several banking regulators to say when they had last taken a Wall Street bank to trial and said, "I'm really concerned that 'too big to fail' has become 'too big for trial'." Videos of Warren's questioning amassed more than one million views in a matter of days.[78] At a March Banking Committee hearing, Warren asked Treasury Department officials why criminal charges were not brought against HSBC for its money laundering practices. Warren compared money laundering to drug possession, saying: "If you're caught with an ounce of cocaine, the chances are good you're going to go to jail ... But evidently, if you launder nearly a billion dollars for drug cartels and violate our international sanctions, your company pays a fine and you go home and sleep in your own bed at night."[79][80]

In May 2013, Warren sent letters to the Justice Department, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Federal Reserve questioning their decisions that settling would be more fruitful than going to court.[81] Also in May, saying that students should get "the same great deal that banks get", Warren introduced the Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act, which would allow students to take out government education loans at the same rate that banks pay to borrow from the federal government, 0.75%.[82] Independent senator Bernie Sanders endorsed her bill, saying: "The only thing wrong with this bill is that [she] thought of it and I didn't".[83]

During the 2014 election cycle, Warren was a top Democratic fundraiser. After the election, Warren was appointed to become the first-ever Strategic Adviser of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee, a position created for her. The appointment added to speculation that Warren would run for president in 2016.[84][85][86][87]

Warren's "A minimum-wage job saved my family" speech at the Economic Policy Institute, November 2015 (3:28)

In early 2015, President Obama urged Congress to approve the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a proposed free trade agreement between the United States and 11 Asian and South American countries.[88] Warren criticized the TPP, arguing that the dispute resolution mechanism in the agreement and labor protections for American workers therein were insufficient; her objections were in turn criticized by Obama.[89][90]

Saying "despite the progress we've made since 2008, the biggest banks continue to threaten our economy", in July 2015 Warren, John McCain, Maria Cantwell, and Angus King reintroduced the 21st Century Glass–Steagall Act, a modern version of the Banking Act of 1933. The legislation was intended to reduce the American taxpayer's risk in the financial system and the likelihood of future financial crises.[91]

In a September 20, 2016, hearing, Warren called on Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf to resign, adding that he should be "criminally investigated" over Wells Fargo's opening of two million checking and credit-card accounts without the customers' consent.[92][93]

In December 2016, Warren gained a seat on the Senate Armed Services Committee, which The Boston Globe called "a high-profile perch on one of the chamber's most powerful committees" that would "fuel speculation about a possible 2020 bid for president".[94]

During the debate on Senator Jeff Sessions's nomination for United States attorney general in February 2017, Warren quoted a letter Coretta Scott King had written Senator Strom Thurmond in 1986 when Sessions was nominated for a federal judgeship.[95] King wrote, "Mr. Sessions has used the awesome power of his office to chill the free exercise of the vote by black citizens in the district he now seeks to serve as a federal judge. This simply cannot be allowed to happen."[95] Senate Republicans voted that by reading the letter from King, Warren had violated Senate Rule 19, which prohibits impugning another senator's character.[95] This prohibited Warren from further participating in the debate on Sessions's nomination, and Warren instead read King's letter while streaming live online.[96][97] In rebuking Warren, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said on the Senate floor, "She was warned. She was given an explanation. Nevertheless, she persisted."[97] McConnell's language became a slogan for Warren and others.[97][98]

On October 3, 2017, during Wells Fargo chief executive Timothy J. Sloan's appearance before the Senate Banking Committee, Warren called on him to resign, saying, "At best you were incompetent, at worst you were complicit."[99]

On July 17, 2019, Warren and Representative Al Lawson introduced legislation that would make low-income college students eligible for benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) according to the College Student Hunger Act of 2019.[100]

In November 2020, Warren was named a candidate for Secretary of the Treasury in the Biden Administration.[101]

Warren was at the Capitol to participate in the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count when Trump supporters attacked the Capitol. She called it an "attempted coup and act of insurrection egged on by a corrupt president to overthrow our democracy", and the perpetrators "domestic terrorists."[102] The day after the attack, Warren joined the entire Massachusetts Congressional delegation to call for Trump's immediate removal from office through the invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution or impeachment.[103]

Role in the 2016 presidential election

 
Warren stumps for Hillary Clinton in Manchester, New Hampshire, October 2016

In the run-up to the 2016 United States presidential election, supporters put Warren forward as a possible presidential candidate, but she repeatedly said she would not run for president in 2016.[104][105][106][107] In October 2013, she joined the other 15 women Democratic senators in signing a letter that encouraged Hillary Clinton to run.[108] There was much speculation about Warren being added to the Democratic ticket as a vice-presidential candidate.[109][110] On June 9, 2016, after the California Democratic primary, Warren formally endorsed Clinton for president. In response to questions when she endorsed Clinton, Warren said that she believed herself to be ready to be vice president, but she was not being vetted.[111] On July 7, CNN reported that Warren was on a five-person short list to be Clinton's running mate.[111][112] Clinton eventually chose Tim Kaine.

Until her June endorsement, Warren was neutral during the Democratic primary but made public statements that she was cheering Bernie Sanders on.[113] In June, Warren endorsed and campaigned for Clinton.[114] She called Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee, dishonest, uncaring, and "a loser".[115][116][117]

Committee assignments

Current

Previous

2020 presidential campaign

 
Warren while formally declaring her candidacy in Lawrence, Massachusetts on February 9, 2019
Main articles: Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

At a town hall meeting in Holyoke, Massachusetts, on September 29, 2018, Warren said she would "take a hard look" at running for president in the 2020 election after the 2018 United States elections concluded.[121] On December 31, 2018, Warren announced that she was forming an exploratory committee to run for president.[122][123]

On February 9, 2019, Warren officially announced her candidacy at a rally in Lawrence, Massachusetts, at the site of the 1912 Bread and Roses strike.[124] A longtime critic of President Trump, Warren called him a "symptom of a larger problem [that has resulted in] a rigged system that props up the rich and powerful and kicks dirt on everyone else".[125]

Warren staged her first campaign event in Lawrence to demonstrate the constituency groups she hopes to appeal to, including working class families, union members, women, and new immigrants. She called for major changes in government:

It won't be enough to just undo the terrible acts of this administration. We can't afford to just tinker around the edges—a tax credit here, a regulation there. Our fight is for big, structural change. This is the fight of our lives. The fight to build an America where dreams are possible, an America that works for everyone.[11]

Following her candidacy announcement, Warren released several policy proposals, including plans to assist family farms by addressing the advantages held by large agricultural conglomerates, plans to reduce student loan debt and offer free tuition at public colleges, a plan to make large corporations pay more in taxes and better regulate large technology companies, and plans to address opioid addiction. She has introduced an "Economic Patriotism" plan intended to create opportunities for American workers, and proposals inspired by opposition to President Trump, including one that would make it permissible to indict a sitting president.[126]

One of her signature plans was a wealth tax, dubbed the "Ultra-Millionaire Tax," on fortunes over $50,000,000.[127] Warren was credited with popularizing the idea of a wealth tax with Americans, leading competitor Bernie Sanders to release a wealth tax plan.[128]

Warren became known for the number and depth of her policy proposals.[129] On her campaign website, she detailed more than 45 plans for topics including health care, universal child care, ending the opioid crisis, clean energy, climate change, foreign policy, reducing corporate influence at the Pentagon, and ending "Wall Street's stranglehold on the economy".[130]

On March 5, 2020, she ended her campaign.[131]

Polls

In early June 2019, Warren placed second in some polls, with Joe Biden in first place and Bernie Sanders in third.[126] In the following weeks her poll numbers steadily increased, and a September Iowa poll placed her in the lead with 22% to Biden's 20%. The Iowa poll also rated the number of voters at least considering voting for each candidate; Warren scored 71% to Biden's 60%. Poll respondents also gave her a higher "enthusiasm" rating, with 32% of her backers extremely enthusiastic to Biden's 22%.[132]

An October 24 Quinnipiac poll placed Warren in the lead at 28%, with Biden at 21% and Sanders at 15%. When asked which candidate had the best policy ideas, 30% of respondents named Warren, with Sanders at 20% and Biden 15%. Sanders was most often named as the candidate who "cares most about people like you," with Warren in second place and Biden third. Sanders also placed first at 28% when respondents were asked which candidate was the most honest, followed by Warren and Biden at 15% each.[133]

Funding

 
Selfie line for Elizabeth Warren after a May 19, 2019, campaign event in Nashua, New Hampshire.

The Los Angeles Times reported that of the front-runners in the presidential race, only Sanders and Warren have previously won an election with almost exclusively small online contributions, and that no presidential primary in recent history has had two of the top three candidates refuse to use bundlers or hold private fundraisers with wealthy donors.[134][135]

In January 2019, Warren said that she took no PAC money.[136] In October 2019, Warren announced that her campaign would not accept contributions of more than $200 from executives at banks, large tech companies, private equity firms, or hedge funds, in addition to her previous refusal to accept donations of over $200 from fossil fuel or pharmaceutical executives.[137]

In the third quarter of 2019 Warren's campaign raised $24.6 million, just less than the $25.3 million Sanders's campaign raised and well ahead of Joe Biden, the front-runner in the polls, who raised $15.2 million. Warren's average donation was $26; Sanders's was $18.[138]

In February 2020, Warren began accepting support from Super PACs, after failing to convince other Democratic presidential candidates to join her in disavowing them.[139][140]

Public appearances

 
A crowd of 20,000 attended Warren's rally in Washington Square Park

As of September 2019, Warren had attended 128 town halls. She is known for remaining afterward to talk with audience members and for the large numbers of selfies she has taken with them.[134] On September 17, over 20,000 people attended a Warren rally at New York City's Washington Square Park. After her speech long lines formed with people waiting as long as four hours for selfies.[141]

Due to the impeachment trial of Donald Trump, Warren was unable to make final campaign stops in person and opted to send her dog, Bailey Warren, to meet with voters in Iowa.[142]

Vice-presidential speculation

In June 2020, CNN reported that Warren was among the top four vice-presidential choices for Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, along with Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms, Representative Val Demings, and Senator Kamala Harris.[143] Kamala Harris was officially announced as Biden's running mate on August 11, 2020. On August 13, The New York Times reported that Warren was one of Biden's four finalists along with Harris, Susan Rice, and Gretchen Whitmer.[144]

In late April, CNBC reported that big-money donors were pressuring Biden not to choose Warren, preferring other candidates purportedly on his list, such as Harris, Klobuchar and Whitmer.[145]

Personal life

Warren and her first husband divorced in 1978,[15][19] and two years later, Warren married law professor Bruce H. Mann on July 12, 1980,[146] but kept her first husband's surname.[19][147] Warren has three grandchildren through her daughter Amelia.[148]

On April 23, 2020, Warren announced on Twitter that her eldest brother, Don Reed Herring, had died of COVID-19 two days earlier.[149][150] On October 1, 2021, she announced that her brother, John Herring, had died of cancer.[151]

As of 2019, according to Forbes Magazine, Warren's net worth was $12 million.[152][153]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Elizabeth Warren
 
Warren with a supporter wearing a "Warren has a plan for that" T-shirt. The phrase became an internet meme during her presidential run.[154]

Warren is widely regarded as a progressive. In 2012, the British magazine New Statesman named Warren among the "top 20 U.S. progressives".[155]

Warren supports worker representation on corporations' board of directors, breaking up monopolies, stiffening sentences for white-collar crime, a Medicare for All plan to provide health insurance for all Americans, and a higher minimum wage.[156]

Warren was highly critical of the Trump administration. She expressed concerns over what she says were Trump's conflicts of interest. The Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act, written by Warren, was first read in the Senate in January 2017.[157][158] Warren was highly critical of Trump's immigration policies. In 2018, she called for abolishing U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[159]

Warren has criticized U.S. involvement in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen in support of Yemen's government against the Houthis.[160][161] In January 2019, Warren criticized Trump's decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria and Afghanistan. She agreed that U.S. troops should be withdrawn from Syria and Afghanistan but said such withdrawals should be part of a "coordinated" plan formed with U.S. allies.[162]

In April 2019, after reading the Mueller report, Warren called on the House of Representatives to begin impeachment proceedings against Trump, saying, "The Mueller report lays out facts showing that a hostile foreign government attacked our 2016 election to help Donald Trump and Donald Trump welcomed that help. Once elected, Donald Trump obstructed the investigation into that attack."[163]

After the June 24, 2022, ruling in which the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, Warren wrote a New York Times op-ed requesting that President Biden unblock "critical resources and authority that states and the federal government can use to meet the surge in demand for reproductive health services".[164]

Public image

Ancestry and Native American relations

According to Warren and her brothers, older family members told them during their childhood that they had Native American ancestry.[165][166] In 2012, she said that "being Native American has been part of my story, I guess, since the day I was born".[167] In 1984,[168][169] Warren contributed recipes to a Native American cookbook and identified herself as Cherokee.[170][171]

During Warren's first Senate race in 2012, her opponent, Scott Brown, speculated that she had fabricated Native ancestry to gain advantage on the employment market and used Warren's ancestry in several attack ads.[172][173][174] Warren has denied that her heritage gave her any advantages in her schooling or her career.[175] Several colleagues and employers (including Harvard) have said her reported ethnic status played no role in her hiring.[176][177] From 1995 to 2004, her employer, Harvard Law School, listed her as a Native American in its federal affirmative action forms; Warren later said she was unaware of this.[178]

The Washington Post reported that in 1986, Warren identified her race as "American Indian" on a State Bar of Texas write-in form used for statistical information gathering, but added that there was "no indication it was used for professional advancement".[179] A 2018 Boston Globe investigation found that her reported ethnicity played no role in her rise in the academic legal profession, and concluded there was "clear evidence, in documents and interviews, that her claim to Native American ethnicity was never considered by the Harvard Law faculty, which voted resoundingly to hire her, or by those who hired her to four prior positions at other law schools", and that "Warren was viewed as a white woman by the hiring committees at every institution that employed her".[180] In February 2019, Warren apologized for having identified as Native American.[171][181][182]

Throughout his presidency, former president Donald Trump mocked Warren for her assertions of Native American ancestry,[183] and pejoratively called her "Pocahontas".[184] At a July 2018 Montana rally, he promised that if he debated Warren, he would pay $1 million to her favorite charity if she took a DNA test and "it shows you're an Indian".[185] In October 2018, Warren released results of a DNA test that found that her ancestry is mostly European but "strongly support[ed] the existence of an unadmixed Native American ancestor", likely "in the range of 6 to 10 generations ago".[186] She then asked Trump to donate the money to the National Indigenous Women's Resource Center. Trump responded: "I didn't say that. I think you better read it again".[185][187][188] The Cherokee Nation called the use of DNA testing to determine Native American heritage "inappropriate and wrong".[177][189] According to Politico, "Warren's past claims of American Indian ancestry garnered fierce criticism from both sides of the aisle", with "tribal leaders calling out Warren for claiming a heritage she did not culturally belong to."[184]

During a January 2019 public appearance in Sioux City, Iowa, Warren was asked by an attendee, "Why did you undergo the DNA testing and give Donald more fodder to be a bully?" She responded in part, "I am not a person of color; I am not a citizen of a tribe. Tribal citizenship is very different from ancestry. Tribes, and only tribes, determine tribal citizenship, and I respect that difference."[190] She later contacted leadership of the Cherokee Nation to apologize "for furthering confusion over issues of tribal sovereignty and citizenship and for any harm her announcement caused". Cherokee Nation executive director of communications Julie Hubbard said that Warren understands "that being a Cherokee Nation tribal citizen is rooted in centuries of culture and laws not through DNA tests".[191] Warren apologized again in August 2019 before the Native American Forum in Iowa.[192][193]

In February 2019, Warren received a standing ovation during a surprise visit to a Native American conference, where she was introduced by freshman Representative Deb Haaland (D-NM), one of the first two Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress.[194][195] Haaland endorsed Warren for president in July 2019, calling her "a great partner for Indian Country".[196]

Honors and awards

 
Warren at the 2009 Time 100 Gala

In 2009, The Boston Globe named Warren the Bostonian of the Year[23] and the Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts honored her with the Lelia J. Robinson Award.[197] The National Law Journal has repeatedly named Warren one of the Fifty Most Influential Women Attorneys in America,[198][199] and in 2010 named her one of the 40 most influential attorneys of the decade.[200] Also in 2009, Warren became the first professor in Harvard's history to win the law school's Sacks–Freund Teaching Award for a second time.[201] In 2011, she delivered the commencement address at Rutgers Law School, her alma mater, and received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree and membership in the Order of the Coif.[202] In 2011, Warren was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame.[203] In January 2012, New Statesman magazine named her one of the "top 20 U.S. progressives".[155] Warren was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2009, 2010, 2015, and 2017.[204][205][206][207][208]

In 2018, the Women's History Month theme in the United States was "Nevertheless, She Persisted: Honoring Women Who Fight All Forms of Discrimination Against Women", referring to McConnell's remark about Warren.[209]

In popular culture

Political protégés

Warren has mentored several people who have gone on to hold notable political office. U.S. Representative Katie Porter, a former law student of Warren's, is considered a protégée of Warren.[221] Porter co-chaired Warren's presidential campaign.[222] Another of Warren's political protégés is Boston Mayor Michelle Wu, who was a law student of Warren's and worked on her 2012 Senate campaign before running for Boston City Council herself in 2013.[223][224][225] Suffolk County Sheriff Steven W. Tompkins got his start in politics working on Warren's 2012 Senate campaign.[226] During his law school career, former U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III considered Warren a mentor.[227] A number of Warren acolytes serve in the Biden administration, including Bharat Ramamurti (a former economic policy advisor to Warren).[228]

Books and other works

In 2004, Warren and her daughter, Amelia Tyagi, wrote The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke. In the book they state that at that time, a fully employed worker earned less inflation-adjusted income than a fully employed worker had 30 years earlier. Although families spent less at that time on clothing, appliances, and other forms of consumption, the costs of core expenses such as mortgages, health care, transportation, and child care had increased dramatically. According to the authors, the result was that even families with two income earners were no longer able to save and incurred ever greater debt.[229]

In an article in The New York Times, Jeff Madrick said of the book:

The authors find that it is not the free-spending young or the incapacitated elderly who are declaring bankruptcy so much as families with children ... their main thesis is undeniable. Typical families often cannot afford the high-quality education, health care, and neighborhoods required to be middle class today. More clearly than anyone else, I think, Ms. Warren and Ms. Tyagi have shown how little attention the nation and our government have paid to the way Americans really live.[230]

In 2005, Warren and David Himmelstein published a study on bankruptcy and medical bills[231] that found that half of all families filing for bankruptcy did so in the aftermath of a serious medical problem. They say that three-quarters of such families had medical insurance.[232] The study was widely cited in policy debates, but some have challenged its methods and offered alternative interpretations of the data, suggesting that only 17% of bankruptcies are directly attributable to medical expenses.[233]

Metropolitan Books published Warren's book A Fighting Chance in April 2014.[234] According to a Boston Globe review, "the book's title refers to a time she says is now gone, when even families of modest means who worked hard and played by the rules had at a fair shot at the American dream."[235]

In April 2017, Warren published her 11th book,[4] This Fight Is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America's Middle Class, in which she explores the plight of the American middle class and argues that the federal government needs to do more to help working families with stronger social programs and increased investment in education.[236]

Publications

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Lizza, Ryan (May 4, 2015). "The virtual candidate: Elizabeth Warren isn't running, but she's Hillary Clinton's biggest Democratic threat". Profiles. The New Yorker. Vol. 91, no. 11. pp. 34–45. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  • Lopez, Linette (July 11, 2013). "Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street's Worst Nightmare". Business Insider. Retrieved September 21, 2019.

External links

  • U.S. Senate website
  • Campaign website

January 18, 2023
elizabeth, warren, other, people, named, disambiguation, elizabeth, warren, née, herring, born, june, 1949, american, politician, former, professor, senior, united, states, senator, from, massachusetts, serving, since, 2013, member, democratic, party, regarded. For other people named Elizabeth Warren see Elizabeth Warren disambiguation Elizabeth Ann Warren nee Herring born June 22 1949 is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts serving since 2013 A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive 2 Warren has focused on consumer protection equitable economic opportunity and the social safety net while in the Senate Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries ultimately finishing third Elizabeth WarrenVice Chair of the Senate Democratic CaucusIncumbentAssumed office January 3 2017Serving with Mark WarnerLeaderChuck SchumerPreceded byChuck SchumerUnited States Senatorfrom MassachusettsIncumbentAssumed office January 3 2013Serving with Ed MarkeyPreceded byScott BrownSpecial Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection BureauIn office September 17 2010 August 1 2011PresidentBarack ObamaPreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byRaj DateChair of the Congressional Oversight PanelIn office November 25 2008 November 15 2010DeputyDamon SilversPreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byTed KaufmanPersonal detailsBornElizabeth Ann Herring 1949 06 22 June 22 1949 age 73 Oklahoma City Oklahoma U S Political partyDemocratic 1996 present Other politicalaffiliationsRepublican 1991 1996 1 Spouse s Jim Warren m 1968 div 1978 wbr Bruce H Mann m 1980 wbr Children2 including AmeliaEducationUniversity of Houston BS Rutgers University JD OccupationPoliticianlaw professorauthorSignatureWebsiteSenate websiteBorn and raised in Oklahoma Warren is a graduate of the University of Houston and Rutgers Law School and has taught law at several universities including the University of Houston the University of Texas at Austin the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University She was one of the most influential professors in commercial and bankruptcy law before beginning her political career Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles 3 4 5 Warren s first foray into public policy began in 1995 when she worked to oppose what eventually became a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals 6 7 During the late 2000s her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after the financial crisis of 2007 08 She served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel of the Troubled Asset Relief Program and proposed and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for which she served as the first special advisor under President Barack Obama 8 In 2012 Warren defeated incumbent Republican Scott Brown and became the first female U S senator from Massachusetts 9 She won re election by a wide margin in 2018 defeating Republican nominee Geoff Diehl 10 On February 9 2019 Warren announced her candidacy in the 2020 United States presidential election 11 She was briefly considered the front runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019 but support for her campaign dwindled She withdrew from the race on March 5 2020 after Super Tuesday 12 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Academic 2 2 Advisory roles 2 3 TARP oversight 2 4 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 2 5 Political affiliation 3 U S Senate 2013 present 3 1 Elections 3 1 1 2012 3 1 2 2018 3 2 Tenure 3 3 Role in the 2016 presidential election 3 4 Committee assignments 3 4 1 Current 3 4 2 Previous 4 2020 presidential campaign 4 1 Polls 4 2 Funding 4 3 Public appearances 4 4 Vice presidential speculation 5 Personal life 6 Political positions 7 Public image 7 1 Ancestry and Native American relations 7 2 Honors and awards 7 3 In popular culture 8 Political proteges 9 Books and other works 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksEarly life and education Warren s high school graduation photo Warren was born Elizabeth Ann Herring in Oklahoma City on June 22 1949 13 14 15 16 She is the fourth child of Pauline Louise nee Reed 1912 1995 a homemaker 17 and Donald Jones Herring 1911 1997 a U S Army flight instructor during World War II both of whom were members of the evangelical branch of the Protestant Methodist Church 18 Warren has described her early family life as teetering on the ragged edge of the middle class and kind of hanging on at the edges by our fingernails 19 20 She and her three older brothers were raised Methodist 21 22 Warren lived in Norman Oklahoma until she was 11 years old when her family moved back to Oklahoma City 20 When she was 12 her father then a salesman at Montgomery Ward 20 had a heart attack which led to many medical bills as well as a pay cut because he could not do his previous work 15 After leaving his sales job he worked as a maintenance man for an apartment building 23 Eventually the family s car was repossessed because they failed to make loan payments To help the family finances her mother found work in the catalog order department at Sears 15 When she was 13 Warren started waiting tables at her aunt s restaurant 24 25 Warren became a star member of the debate team at Northwest Classen High School and won the state high school debating championship She also won a debate scholarship to George Washington University GWU at the age of 16 15 She initially aspired to be a teacher but left GWU after two years in 1968 to marry James Robert Jim Warren 26 whom she had met in high school 15 24 27 Warren and her husband moved to Houston where he was employed by IBM 15 28 She enrolled in the University of Houston and graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Science degree in speech pathology and audiology 23 29 The Warrens moved to New Jersey when Jim received a job transfer She soon became pregnant and decided to stay at home to care for their daughter Amelia 15 19 30 After Amelia turned two Warren enrolled at Rutgers Law School 30 She received her Juris Doctor in 1976 and passed the bar examination shortly thereafter 27 30 Shortly before graduating Warren became pregnant with their second child Alexander 15 19 CareerIn 1970 after obtaining a degree in speech pathology and audiology but before enrolling in law school Warren taught children with disabilities for a year in a public school 31 During law school she worked as a summer associate at Cadwalader Wickersham amp Taft After receiving her Juris Doctor and passing the bar examination Warren offered legal services from home writing wills and doing real estate closings 27 30 In the late 1970s 1980s and 1990s Warren taught law at several American universities while researching issues related to bankruptcy and middle class personal finance 30 She became involved with public work in bankruptcy regulation and consumer protection in the mid 1990s Academic Warren began her career in academia as a lecturer at Rutgers University Newark School of Law 1977 1978 She then moved to the University of Houston Law Center 1978 1983 where she became an associate dean in 1980 and obtained tenure in 1981 She taught at the University of Texas School of Law as visiting associate professor in 1981 and returned as a full professor two years later staying from 1983 to 1987 She was a research associate at the Population Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin from 1983 to 1987 29 and was also a visiting professor at the University of Michigan in 1985 During this period Warren also taught Sunday school 21 32 Warren in University of Texas School of Law s 1987 yearbook Warren s earliest academic work was heavily influenced by the law and economics movement which aimed to apply neoclassical economic theory to the study of law with an emphasis on economic efficiency One of her articles published in 1980 in the Notre Dame Law Review argued that public utilities were over regulated and that automatic utility rate increases should be instituted 33 But Warren soon became a proponent of on the ground research into how people respond to laws Her work analyzing court records and interviewing judges lawyers and debtors established her as a rising star in the field of bankruptcy law 34 According to Warren and economists who follow her work one of her key insights was that rising bankruptcy rates were caused not by profligate consumer spending but by middle class families attempts to buy homes in good school districts 35 Warren worked in this field alongside colleagues Teresa A Sullivan and Jay Westbrook and the trio published their research in the book As We Forgive Our Debtors in 1989 Warren later recalled that she had begun her research believing that most people filing for bankruptcy were either working the system or had been irresponsible in incurring debts but that she concluded that such abuse was in fact rare and that the legal framework for bankruptcy was poorly designed describing the way the research challenged her fundamental beliefs as worse than disillusionment and like being shocked at a deep down level 33 In 2004 she published an article in the Washington University Law Review in which she argued that correlating middle class struggles with over consumption was a fallacy 36 Warren joined the University of Pennsylvania Law School as a full professor in 1987 and obtained an endowed chair in 1990 becoming the William A Schnader Professor of Commercial Law In 1992 she taught for a year at Harvard Law School as Robert Braucher Visiting Professor of Commercial Law In 1995 Warren left Penn to become Leo Gottlieb Professor of Law at Harvard Law School In 1996 she became the highest paid professor at Harvard University who was not an administrator with a 181 300 salary and total compensation of 291 876 including moving expenses and an allowance in lieu of benefits contributions 37 29 As of 2011 update she was Harvard s only tenured law professor who had attended law school at an American public university 34 Warren was a highly influential law professor She published in many fields but her expertise was in bankruptcy and commercial law From 2005 to 2009 Warren was among the three most cited scholars in those fields 38 39 She began to rise in prominence in 2004 with an appearance on the Dr Phil show and published several books including The Two Income Trap 40 Advisory roles In 1995 the National Bankruptcy Review Commission s chair former congressman Mike Synar asked Warren to advise the commission Synar had been a debate opponent of Warren s during their school years 41 She helped draft the commission s report and worked for several years to oppose legislation intended to severely restrict consumers right to file for bankruptcy Warren and others opposing the legislation were not successful in 2005 Congress passed the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 which curtailed consumers ability to file for bankruptcy 24 42 From 2006 to 2010 Warren was a member of the FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Advisory Committee on Economic Inclusion 43 She is a member of the National Bankruptcy Conference an independent organization that advises the U S Congress on bankruptcy law 44 a former vice president of the American Law Institute and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 45 Warren s scholarship and public advocacy were the impetus for establishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in 2011 46 47 1315 TARP oversight Warren stands next to President Barack Obama as he announces Richard Cordray s nomination as the first director of the CFPB July 2011 On November 14 2008 U S Senate majority leader Harry Reid appointed Warren to chair the five member Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the implementation of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act 48 The panel released monthly oversight reports evaluating the government bailout and related programs 49 During Warren s tenure these reports covered foreclosure mitigation consumer and small business lending commercial real estate AIG bank stress tests the impact of the Troubled Asset Relief Program TARP on the financial markets government guarantees the automotive industry and other topics 50 51 52 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Warren discussing the work of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau at the ICBA conference in 2011 Warren was an early advocate for creating a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau CFPB The bureau was established by the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act signed into law by President Obama in July 2010 In September 2010 Obama named Warren Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the CFPB to set up the new agency 53 While liberal groups and consumer advocacy groups urged Obama to formally nominate Warren as the agency s director financial institutions and Republican members of Congress strongly opposed her believing she would be an overly zealous regulator 24 54 55 Reportedly convinced that Warren could not win Senate confirmation as the bureau s first director 56 in January 2012 Obama appointed former Ohio attorney general Richard Cordray to the post in a recess appointment over Republican senators objections 57 58 Political affiliation A close high school friend told Politico in 2019 that in high school Warren was a diehard conservative and that she had since done a 180 degree turn and an about face 33 One of her colleagues at the University of Texas in Austin said that at university in the early 1980s Warren was sometimes surprisingly anti consumer in her attitude 33 Gary L Francione who had been a colleague of hers at the University of Pennsylvania recalled in 2019 that when he heard her speak at the time she was becoming politically prominent he almost fell off his chair She s definitely changed 33 Warren was registered as a Republican from 1991 to 1996 1 and voted Republican for many years I was a Republican because I thought that those were the people who best supported markets she has said 15 But she has also said that in the six presidential elections before 1996 she voted for the Republican nominee only once in 1976 for Gerald Ford 33 Warren has said that she began to vote Democratic in 1995 because she no longer believed that the Republicans were the party who best supported markets but she has said she has voted for both parties because she believed neither should dominate 59 According to Warren she left the Republican Party because it is no longer principled in its conservative approach to economics and to markets and is instead tilting the playing field in favor of large financial institutions and against middle class American families 60 61 U S Senate 2013 present See also Electoral history of Elizabeth Warren 2012 Senate election results by municipality Senate campaign logo Elections 2012 Main article 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts On September 14 2011 Warren declared her intention to run for the Democratic nomination for the 2012 election in Massachusetts for the U S Senate Republican Scott Brown had won the seat in a 2010 special election after Ted Kennedy s death 62 63 A week later a video of Warren speaking in Andover went viral on the Internet 64 In it Warren responds to the charge that asking the rich to pay more taxes is class warfare by saying that no one grew rich in the U S without depending on infrastructure paid for by the rest of society 65 66 There is nobody in this country who got rich on his own Nobody You moved your goods to market on the roads the rest of us paid for you hired workers the rest of us paid to educate you were safe in your factory because of police forces and fire forces that the rest of us paid for You didn t have to worry that marauding bands would come and seize everything at your factory and hire someone to protect against this because of the work the rest of us did Now look you built a factory and it turned into something terrific or a great idea God bless Keep a big hunk of it But part of the underlying social contract is you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along President Obama later echoed her sentiments in a 2012 election campaign speech 67 Warren at a campaign event November 2012 Warren ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination and won it on June 2 2012 at the state Democratic convention with a record 95 77 of the votes of delegates 68 69 70 She encountered significant opposition from business interests In August the political director for the U S Chamber of Commerce commented that no other candidate in 2012 represents a greater threat to free enterprise than Professor Warren 71 Warren nonetheless raised 39 million for her campaign more than any other Senate candidate in 2012 and showed according to The New York Times that it was possible to run against the big banks without Wall Street money and still win 56 Warren received a prime time speaking slot at the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5 2012 She positioned herself as a champion of a beleaguered middle class that has been chipped squeezed and hammered According to Warren People feel like the system is rigged against them And here s the painful part They re right The system is rigged Warren said Wall Street CEOs wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs and that they still strut around congress no shame demanding favors and acting like we should thank them 72 73 74 2018 Main article 2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts On January 6 2017 in an email to supporters Warren announced that she would be running for a second term as a U S senator from Massachusetts writing The people of Massachusetts didn t send me to Washington to roll over and play dead while Donald Trump and his team of billionaires bigots and Wall Street bankers crush the working people of our Commonwealth and this country This is no time to quit 75 In the 2018 election Warren defeated Republican nominee Geoff Diehl 60 to 36 Tenure On November 6 2012 Warren defeated Brown with 53 7 of the vote She is the first woman ever elected to the U S Senate from Massachusetts 13 as part of a sitting U S Senate that had 20 women senators in office which was the most in Senate history at the time following the November 2012 elections In December 2012 Warren was assigned a seat on the Senate Banking Committee which oversees the implementation of Dodd Frank and other regulation of the banking industry 76 Vice President Joe Biden swore Warren in on January 3 2013 77 At Warren s first Banking Committee hearing in February 2013 she pressed several banking regulators to say when they had last taken a Wall Street bank to trial and said I m really concerned that too big to fail has become too big for trial Videos of Warren s questioning amassed more than one million views in a matter of days 78 At a March Banking Committee hearing Warren asked Treasury Department officials why criminal charges were not brought against HSBC for its money laundering practices Warren compared money laundering to drug possession saying If you re caught with an ounce of cocaine the chances are good you re going to go to jail But evidently if you launder nearly a billion dollars for drug cartels and violate our international sanctions your company pays a fine and you go home and sleep in your own bed at night 79 80 In May 2013 Warren sent letters to the Justice Department the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Reserve questioning their decisions that settling would be more fruitful than going to court 81 Also in May saying that students should get the same great deal that banks get Warren introduced the Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act which would allow students to take out government education loans at the same rate that banks pay to borrow from the federal government 0 75 82 Independent senator Bernie Sanders endorsed her bill saying The only thing wrong with this bill is that she thought of it and I didn t 83 During the 2014 election cycle Warren was a top Democratic fundraiser After the election Warren was appointed to become the first ever Strategic Adviser of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee a position created for her The appointment added to speculation that Warren would run for president in 2016 84 85 86 87 source source source source source source source source source source source source source source Warren s A minimum wage job saved my family speech at the Economic Policy Institute November 2015 3 28 In early 2015 President Obama urged Congress to approve the Trans Pacific Partnership a proposed free trade agreement between the United States and 11 Asian and South American countries 88 Warren criticized the TPP arguing that the dispute resolution mechanism in the agreement and labor protections for American workers therein were insufficient her objections were in turn criticized by Obama 89 90 Saying despite the progress we ve made since 2008 the biggest banks continue to threaten our economy in July 2015 Warren John McCain Maria Cantwell and Angus King reintroduced the 21st Century Glass Steagall Act a modern version of the Banking Act of 1933 The legislation was intended to reduce the American taxpayer s risk in the financial system and the likelihood of future financial crises 91 In a September 20 2016 hearing Warren called on Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf to resign adding that he should be criminally investigated over Wells Fargo s opening of two million checking and credit card accounts without the customers consent 92 93 In December 2016 Warren gained a seat on the Senate Armed Services Committee which The Boston Globe called a high profile perch on one of the chamber s most powerful committees that would fuel speculation about a possible 2020 bid for president 94 During the debate on Senator Jeff Sessions s nomination for United States attorney general in February 2017 Warren quoted a letter Coretta Scott King had written Senator Strom Thurmond in 1986 when Sessions was nominated for a federal judgeship 95 King wrote Mr Sessions has used the awesome power of his office to chill the free exercise of the vote by black citizens in the district he now seeks to serve as a federal judge This simply cannot be allowed to happen 95 Senate Republicans voted that by reading the letter from King Warren had violated Senate Rule 19 which prohibits impugning another senator s character 95 This prohibited Warren from further participating in the debate on Sessions s nomination and Warren instead read King s letter while streaming live online 96 97 In rebuking Warren Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said on the Senate floor She was warned She was given an explanation Nevertheless she persisted 97 McConnell s language became a slogan for Warren and others 97 98 On October 3 2017 during Wells Fargo chief executive Timothy J Sloan s appearance before the Senate Banking Committee Warren called on him to resign saying At best you were incompetent at worst you were complicit 99 On July 17 2019 Warren and Representative Al Lawson introduced legislation that would make low income college students eligible for benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP according to the College Student Hunger Act of 2019 100 In November 2020 Warren was named a candidate for Secretary of the Treasury in the Biden Administration 101 Warren was at the Capitol to participate in the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count when Trump supporters attacked the Capitol She called it an attempted coup and act of insurrection egged on by a corrupt president to overthrow our democracy and the perpetrators domestic terrorists 102 The day after the attack Warren joined the entire Massachusetts Congressional delegation to call for Trump s immediate removal from office through the invocation of the Twenty fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution or impeachment 103 Role in the 2016 presidential election Warren stumps for Hillary Clinton in Manchester New Hampshire October 2016 In the run up to the 2016 United States presidential election supporters put Warren forward as a possible presidential candidate but she repeatedly said she would not run for president in 2016 104 105 106 107 In October 2013 she joined the other 15 women Democratic senators in signing a letter that encouraged Hillary Clinton to run 108 There was much speculation about Warren being added to the Democratic ticket as a vice presidential candidate 109 110 On June 9 2016 after the California Democratic primary Warren formally endorsed Clinton for president In response to questions when she endorsed Clinton Warren said that she believed herself to be ready to be vice president but she was not being vetted 111 On July 7 CNN reported that Warren was on a five person short list to be Clinton s running mate 111 112 Clinton eventually chose Tim Kaine Until her June endorsement Warren was neutral during the Democratic primary but made public statements that she was cheering Bernie Sanders on 113 In June Warren endorsed and campaigned for Clinton 114 She called Donald Trump the presumptive Republican nominee dishonest uncaring and a loser 115 116 117 Committee assignments Current Committee on Armed Services 118 Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee on Personnel Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs 119 Subcommittee on Economic Policy chair Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection Subcommittee on Securities Insurance and Investment Committee on Finance 120 Subcommittee on Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth chair Subcommittee on Health Care Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight Special Committee on AgingPrevious Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 2015 2017 Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions 2013 2021 2020 presidential campaign Warren while formally declaring her candidacy in Lawrence Massachusetts on February 9 2019 Main articles Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries At a town hall meeting in Holyoke Massachusetts on September 29 2018 Warren said she would take a hard look at running for president in the 2020 election after the 2018 United States elections concluded 121 On December 31 2018 Warren announced that she was forming an exploratory committee to run for president 122 123 On February 9 2019 Warren officially announced her candidacy at a rally in Lawrence Massachusetts at the site of the 1912 Bread and Roses strike 124 A longtime critic of President Trump Warren called him a symptom of a larger problem that has resulted in a rigged system that props up the rich and powerful and kicks dirt on everyone else 125 Warren staged her first campaign event in Lawrence to demonstrate the constituency groups she hopes to appeal to including working class families union members women and new immigrants She called for major changes in government It won t be enough to just undo the terrible acts of this administration We can t afford to just tinker around the edges a tax credit here a regulation there Our fight is for big structural change This is the fight of our lives The fight to build an America where dreams are possible an America that works for everyone 11 Following her candidacy announcement Warren released several policy proposals including plans to assist family farms by addressing the advantages held by large agricultural conglomerates plans to reduce student loan debt and offer free tuition at public colleges a plan to make large corporations pay more in taxes and better regulate large technology companies and plans to address opioid addiction She has introduced an Economic Patriotism plan intended to create opportunities for American workers and proposals inspired by opposition to President Trump including one that would make it permissible to indict a sitting president 126 One of her signature plans was a wealth tax dubbed the Ultra Millionaire Tax on fortunes over 50 000 000 127 Warren was credited with popularizing the idea of a wealth tax with Americans leading competitor Bernie Sanders to release a wealth tax plan 128 Warren became known for the number and depth of her policy proposals 129 On her campaign website she detailed more than 45 plans for topics including health care universal child care ending the opioid crisis clean energy climate change foreign policy reducing corporate influence at the Pentagon and ending Wall Street s stranglehold on the economy 130 On March 5 2020 she ended her campaign 131 Polls In early June 2019 Warren placed second in some polls with Joe Biden in first place and Bernie Sanders in third 126 In the following weeks her poll numbers steadily increased and a September Iowa poll placed her in the lead with 22 to Biden s 20 The Iowa poll also rated the number of voters at least considering voting for each candidate Warren scored 71 to Biden s 60 Poll respondents also gave her a higher enthusiasm rating with 32 of her backers extremely enthusiastic to Biden s 22 132 An October 24 Quinnipiac poll placed Warren in the lead at 28 with Biden at 21 and Sanders at 15 When asked which candidate had the best policy ideas 30 of respondents named Warren with Sanders at 20 and Biden 15 Sanders was most often named as the candidate who cares most about people like you with Warren in second place and Biden third Sanders also placed first at 28 when respondents were asked which candidate was the most honest followed by Warren and Biden at 15 each 133 Funding Selfie line for Elizabeth Warren after a May 19 2019 campaign event in Nashua New Hampshire The Los Angeles Times reported that of the front runners in the presidential race only Sanders and Warren have previously won an election with almost exclusively small online contributions and that no presidential primary in recent history has had two of the top three candidates refuse to use bundlers or hold private fundraisers with wealthy donors 134 135 In January 2019 Warren said that she took no PAC money 136 In October 2019 Warren announced that her campaign would not accept contributions of more than 200 from executives at banks large tech companies private equity firms or hedge funds in addition to her previous refusal to accept donations of over 200 from fossil fuel or pharmaceutical executives 137 In the third quarter of 2019 Warren s campaign raised 24 6 million just less than the 25 3 million Sanders s campaign raised and well ahead of Joe Biden the front runner in the polls who raised 15 2 million Warren s average donation was 26 Sanders s was 18 138 In February 2020 Warren began accepting support from Super PACs after failing to convince other Democratic presidential candidates to join her in disavowing them 139 140 Public appearances A crowd of 20 000 attended Warren s rally in Washington Square Park As of September 2019 Warren had attended 128 town halls She is known for remaining afterward to talk with audience members and for the large numbers of selfies she has taken with them 134 On September 17 over 20 000 people attended a Warren rally at New York City s Washington Square Park After her speech long lines formed with people waiting as long as four hours for selfies 141 Due to the impeachment trial of Donald Trump Warren was unable to make final campaign stops in person and opted to send her dog Bailey Warren to meet with voters in Iowa 142 Vice presidential speculation In June 2020 CNN reported that Warren was among the top four vice presidential choices for Joe Biden the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee along with Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms Representative Val Demings and Senator Kamala Harris 143 Kamala Harris was officially announced as Biden s running mate on August 11 2020 On August 13 The New York Times reported that Warren was one of Biden s four finalists along with Harris Susan Rice and Gretchen Whitmer 144 In late April CNBC reported that big money donors were pressuring Biden not to choose Warren preferring other candidates purportedly on his list such as Harris Klobuchar and Whitmer 145 Personal lifeWarren and her first husband divorced in 1978 15 19 and two years later Warren married law professor Bruce H Mann on July 12 1980 146 but kept her first husband s surname 19 147 Warren has three grandchildren through her daughter Amelia 148 On April 23 2020 Warren announced on Twitter that her eldest brother Don Reed Herring had died of COVID 19 two days earlier 149 150 On October 1 2021 she announced that her brother John Herring had died of cancer 151 As of 2019 according to Forbes Magazine Warren s net worth was 12 million 152 153 Political positionsMain article Political positions of Elizabeth Warren Warren with a supporter wearing a Warren has a plan for that T shirt The phrase became an internet meme during her presidential run 154 Warren is widely regarded as a progressive In 2012 the British magazine New Statesman named Warren among the top 20 U S progressives 155 Warren supports worker representation on corporations board of directors breaking up monopolies stiffening sentences for white collar crime a Medicare for All plan to provide health insurance for all Americans and a higher minimum wage 156 Warren was highly critical of the Trump administration She expressed concerns over what she says were Trump s conflicts of interest The Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act written by Warren was first read in the Senate in January 2017 157 158 Warren was highly critical of Trump s immigration policies In 2018 she called for abolishing U S Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE 159 Warren has criticized U S involvement in the Saudi Arabian led intervention in Yemen in support of Yemen s government against the Houthis 160 161 In January 2019 Warren criticized Trump s decision to withdraw U S troops from Syria and Afghanistan She agreed that U S troops should be withdrawn from Syria and Afghanistan but said such withdrawals should be part of a coordinated plan formed with U S allies 162 In April 2019 after reading the Mueller report Warren called on the House of Representatives to begin impeachment proceedings against Trump saying The Mueller report lays out facts showing that a hostile foreign government attacked our 2016 election to help Donald Trump and Donald Trump welcomed that help Once elected Donald Trump obstructed the investigation into that attack 163 After the June 24 2022 ruling in which the Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade Warren wrote a New York Times op ed requesting that President Biden unblock critical resources and authority that states and the federal government can use to meet the surge in demand for reproductive health services 164 Public imageAncestry and Native American relations According to Warren and her brothers older family members told them during their childhood that they had Native American ancestry 165 166 In 2012 she said that being Native American has been part of my story I guess since the day I was born 167 In 1984 168 169 Warren contributed recipes to a Native American cookbook and identified herself as Cherokee 170 171 During Warren s first Senate race in 2012 her opponent Scott Brown speculated that she had fabricated Native ancestry to gain advantage on the employment market and used Warren s ancestry in several attack ads 172 173 174 Warren has denied that her heritage gave her any advantages in her schooling or her career 175 Several colleagues and employers including Harvard have said her reported ethnic status played no role in her hiring 176 177 From 1995 to 2004 her employer Harvard Law School listed her as a Native American in its federal affirmative action forms Warren later said she was unaware of this 178 The Washington Post reported that in 1986 Warren identified her race as American Indian on a State Bar of Texas write in form used for statistical information gathering but added that there was no indication it was used for professional advancement 179 A 2018 Boston Globe investigation found that her reported ethnicity played no role in her rise in the academic legal profession and concluded there was clear evidence in documents and interviews that her claim to Native American ethnicity was never considered by the Harvard Law faculty which voted resoundingly to hire her or by those who hired her to four prior positions at other law schools and that Warren was viewed as a white woman by the hiring committees at every institution that employed her 180 In February 2019 Warren apologized for having identified as Native American 171 181 182 Throughout his presidency former president Donald Trump mocked Warren for her assertions of Native American ancestry 183 and pejoratively called her Pocahontas 184 At a July 2018 Montana rally he promised that if he debated Warren he would pay 1 million to her favorite charity if she took a DNA test and it shows you re an Indian 185 In October 2018 Warren released results of a DNA test that found that her ancestry is mostly European but strongly support ed the existence of an unadmixed Native American ancestor likely in the range of 6 to 10 generations ago 186 She then asked Trump to donate the money to the National Indigenous Women s Resource Center Trump responded I didn t say that I think you better read it again 185 187 188 The Cherokee Nation called the use of DNA testing to determine Native American heritage inappropriate and wrong 177 189 According to Politico Warren s past claims of American Indian ancestry garnered fierce criticism from both sides of the aisle with tribal leaders calling out Warren for claiming a heritage she did not culturally belong to 184 During a January 2019 public appearance in Sioux City Iowa Warren was asked by an attendee Why did you undergo the DNA testing and give Donald more fodder to be a bully She responded in part I am not a person of color I am not a citizen of a tribe Tribal citizenship is very different from ancestry Tribes and only tribes determine tribal citizenship and I respect that difference 190 She later contacted leadership of the Cherokee Nation to apologize for furthering confusion over issues of tribal sovereignty and citizenship and for any harm her announcement caused Cherokee Nation executive director of communications Julie Hubbard said that Warren understands that being a Cherokee Nation tribal citizen is rooted in centuries of culture and laws not through DNA tests 191 Warren apologized again in August 2019 before the Native American Forum in Iowa 192 193 In February 2019 Warren received a standing ovation during a surprise visit to a Native American conference where she was introduced by freshman Representative Deb Haaland D NM one of the first two Native American women elected to the U S Congress 194 195 Haaland endorsed Warren for president in July 2019 calling her a great partner for Indian Country 196 Honors and awards Warren at the 2009 Time 100 Gala In 2009 The Boston Globe named Warren the Bostonian of the Year 23 and the Women s Bar Association of Massachusetts honored her with the Lelia J Robinson Award 197 The National Law Journal has repeatedly named Warren one of the Fifty Most Influential Women Attorneys in America 198 199 and in 2010 named her one of the 40 most influential attorneys of the decade 200 Also in 2009 Warren became the first professor in Harvard s history to win the law school s Sacks Freund Teaching Award for a second time 201 In 2011 she delivered the commencement address at Rutgers Law School her alma mater and received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree and membership in the Order of the Coif 202 In 2011 Warren was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame 203 In January 2012 New Statesman magazine named her one of the top 20 U S progressives 155 Warren was named one of Time magazine s 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2009 2010 2015 and 2017 204 205 206 207 208 In 2018 the Women s History Month theme in the United States was Nevertheless She Persisted Honoring Women Who Fight All Forms of Discrimination Against Women referring to McConnell s remark about Warren 209 In popular culture Warren has appeared in the documentary films Maxed Out 2007 Michael Moore s Capitalism A Love Story 2009 Heist Who Stole the American Dream 2011 and Makers Women Who Make America 2013 210 211 212 In 2017 Kate McKinnon played Warren on Saturday Night Live McKinnon continued her impression of Warren in 2019 and 2020 during the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries 213 214 On the March 7 2020 episode Warren appeared as herself in the cold open alongside McKinnon s impression of her and together they opened the show 215 In 2019 Warren wrote the entry on Alexandria Ocasio Cortez for that year s Time 100 216 Warren s popularity is the basis of a wide array of merchandise sold in her name much of which incorporates Mitch McConnell s remark Nevertheless she persisted 217 including an action figure of Warren 218 Musician Jonathan Mann has written songs about Warren including She Persisted 219 220 Political protegesWarren has mentored several people who have gone on to hold notable political office U S Representative Katie Porter a former law student of Warren s is considered a protegee of Warren 221 Porter co chaired Warren s presidential campaign 222 Another of Warren s political proteges is Boston Mayor Michelle Wu who was a law student of Warren s and worked on her 2012 Senate campaign before running for Boston City Council herself in 2013 223 224 225 Suffolk County Sheriff Steven W Tompkins got his start in politics working on Warren s 2012 Senate campaign 226 During his law school career former U S Representative Joe Kennedy III considered Warren a mentor 227 A number of Warren acolytes serve in the Biden administration including Bharat Ramamurti a former economic policy advisor to Warren 228 Books and other worksIn 2004 Warren and her daughter Amelia Tyagi wrote The Two Income Trap Why Middle Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke In the book they state that at that time a fully employed worker earned less inflation adjusted income than a fully employed worker had 30 years earlier Although families spent less at that time on clothing appliances and other forms of consumption the costs of core expenses such as mortgages health care transportation and child care had increased dramatically According to the authors the result was that even families with two income earners were no longer able to save and incurred ever greater debt 229 In an article in The New York Times Jeff Madrick said of the book The authors find that it is not the free spending young or the incapacitated elderly who are declaring bankruptcy so much as families with children their main thesis is undeniable Typical families often cannot afford the high quality education health care and neighborhoods required to be middle class today More clearly than anyone else I think Ms Warren and Ms Tyagi have shown how little attention the nation and our government have paid to the way Americans really live 230 In 2005 Warren and David Himmelstein published a study on bankruptcy and medical bills 231 that found that half of all families filing for bankruptcy did so in the aftermath of a serious medical problem They say that three quarters of such families had medical insurance 232 The study was widely cited in policy debates but some have challenged its methods and offered alternative interpretations of the data suggesting that only 17 of bankruptcies are directly attributable to medical expenses 233 Metropolitan Books published Warren s book A Fighting Chance in April 2014 234 According to a Boston Globe review the book s title refers to a time she says is now gone when even families of modest means who worked hard and played by the rules had at a fair shot at the American dream 235 In April 2017 Warren published her 11th book 4 This Fight Is Our Fight The Battle to Save America s Middle Class in which she explores the plight of the American middle class and argues that the federal government needs to do more to help working families with stronger social programs and increased investment in education 236 PublicationsSelected articlesWarren Elizabeth 1987 Bankruptcy Policy The University of Chicago Law Review 54 3 775 814 doi 10 2307 1599826 JSTOR 1599826 Warren Elizabeth 1992 The Untenable Case for Repeal of Chapter 11 The Yale Law Journal 102 2 437 479 doi 10 2307 796843 JSTOR 796843 Warren Elizabeth 1993 Bankruptcy Policymaking in an Imperfect World Michigan Law Review 92 2 336 387 doi 10 2307 1289668 JSTOR 1289668 Warren Elizabeth 1997 Principled Approach to Consumer Bankruptcy American Bankruptcy Law Journal 71 483 Warren Elizabeth Fall 1998 The Bankruptcy Crisis PDF Indiana Law Journal 73 4 1079 Warren Elizabeth Westbrook Jay Lawrence January 2000 Financial Characteristics of Businesses in Bankruptcy American Bankruptcy Law Journal 73 499 doi 10 2139 ssrn 194750 S2CID 152694691 SSRN 194750 Himmelstein David U Warren Elizabeth Thorne Deborah Woolhandler Steffie J 2005 Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy Health Affairs Suppl Web Exclusives W5 63 W5 73 doi 10 1377 hlthaff w5 63 PMID 15689369 S2CID 73034397 Warren Elizabeth 2007 The Vanishing Middle Class In Edwards John Crane Marion Kalleberg Arne L eds Ending Poverty in America How to Restore the American Dream The New Press p 38 54 ISBN 978 1 59558 176 1 Himmelstein David U Thorne Deborah Warren Elizabeth Woolhandler Steffie 2009 Medical bankruptcy in the United States 2007 Results of a national study The American Journal of Medicine 122 8 741 746 doi 10 1016 j amjmed 2009 04 012 PMID 19501347 S2CID 25720725 BooksAs We Forgive Our Debtors Bankruptcy and Consumer Credit in America Oxford University Press 1989 ISBN 978 0 19 505578 8 with Teresa A Sullivan and Jay Westbrook The Fragile Middle Class Americans in Debt Yale University Press 2001 ISBN 978 0 300 09171 7 with Teresa A Sullivan and Jay Westbrook The Two Income Trap Why Middle Class Parents are Going Broke Basic Books 2004 ISBN 978 0 465 09090 7 with Amelia Warren Tyagi All Your Worth The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan Simon amp Schuster 2006 ISBN 978 0 7432 6988 9 with Amelia Warren Tyagi Casenote Legal Briefs Commercial Law Aspen Publishers 2006 ISBN 978 0 7355 5827 4 with Lynn M LoPucki Daniel Keating Ronald Mann and Normal Goldenberg The Law of Debtors and Creditors Text Cases and Problems 6th ed Aspen Publishers 2008 ISBN 978 0 7355 7626 1 with Jay Westbrook Chapter 11 Reorganizing American Businesses Essentials Aspen Publishers 2008 ISBN 978 0 7355 7654 4 Secured Credit A Systems Approach Wolters Kluwer 2008 ISBN 978 0 7355 7649 0 with Lynn M LoPucki A Fighting Chance Metropolitan Books 2014 ISBN 978 1627790529 This Fight Is Our Fight The Battle to Save America s Middle Class Metropolitan Books 2017 ISBN 978 1250120618 Persist Metropolitan Books 2021 ISBN 9781250799241 See alsoList of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College Progressivism in the United States Women in the United States SenateReferences a b Ebbert Stephanie Levenson Michael August 19 2012 For Professor Warren a steep climb The Boston Globe Archived from the original on October 16 2017 Retrieved January 27 2014 Relman Shayanne Gal Eliza Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are the 2020 progressive standard bearers Here s where they disagree on policy Business Insider Archived from the original on March 4 2020 Retrieved March 4 2020 Elizabeth Warren Harvard Law School Archived from the original on February 21 2020 Retrieved February 13 2020 a b Italie Hillel April 18 2017 US Sen Elizabeth Warren launches book tour The Seattle Times Archived from the original on November 17 2017 Retrieved November 16 2017 Lerer Lisa May 1 2021 Elizabeth Warren Grapples with Presidential Loss in New Book The New York Times 14 Years Ago Warren And Biden Battled Over Bankruptcy Their Fight Still Defines A Party Rift www wbur org 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Saturday Night Live Bow Down to Kate McKinnon s Elizabeth Warren Vanity Fair Archived from the original on October 15 2019 Retrieved October 30 2019 Itzkoff Dave March 8 2020 Daniel Craig Hosts S N L but Elizabeth Warren Steals the Show The New York Times eISSN 1553 8095 ISSN 0362 4331 OCLC 1645522 Archived from the original on March 17 2020 Retrieved March 17 2020 Warren Elizabeth 2019 Alexandria Ocasio Cortez is on the 2019 TIME 100 List Time Archived from the original on April 17 2019 Retrieved April 17 2019 Dezenski Lauren August 13 2017 Inside the Elizabeth Warren merchandising empire Politico Archived from the original on August 13 2017 Retrieved August 13 2017 Guerra Cristela June 5 2017 Will Elizabeth Warren get an action figure The Boston Globe Archived from the original on June 6 2017 Retrieved June 6 2017 Mann Jonathon February 8 2017 She Persisted YouTube Archived from the original on August 12 2019 Retrieved September 16 2017 Mann Jonathon February 29 2016 Where Are You Elizabeth Warren YouTube Archived from the original on August 12 2019 Retrieved September 16 2017 Marans Daniel November 15 2018 Katie Porter Elizabeth Warren s Protege Wins Southern California House Race HuffPost Retrieved October 4 2021 Kahn Mattie February 11 2020 What Elizabeth Warren s Campaign Cochairs Have Learned on the Trail Glamour Archived from the original on March 5 2020 Retrieved June 20 2022 Valencia Milton J July 1 2019 Michelle Wu says Boston is ready for change But is Boston ready for Michelle Wu The Boston Globe Retrieved July 1 2019 Barry Ellen September 24 2020 Andrea Campbell the first Black woman to serve as Boston s City Council president jumps into the mayor s race The New York Times eISSN 1553 8095 ISSN 0362 4331 OCLC 1645522 Retrieved September 9 2021 Bernstein David S August 2 2013 Insiders Pick The At Large Elite Eight Boston Magazine Cotter Sean Philip September 1 2021 Steve Tompkins endorses Michelle Wu for Boston mayor Boston Herald Braintree MA Digital First ISSN 0738 5854 OCLC 643304073 Archived from the original on September 1 2021 Retrieved October 4 2021 Goodman Jasper G February 3 2020 More is More Joe Kennedy III and Elizabeth Warren s Parallel Paths From Harvard Law School to Congress News The Harvard Crimson The Crimson Retrieved October 4 2021 Voght Kara March 11 2021 How Elizabeth Warren s acolytes infiltrated Bidenworld Mother Jones Retrieved October 4 2021 Warren Elizabeth Amelia Warren Tyagi 2005 All Your Worth The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan Free Press pp 1 12 ISBN 978 0 7432 6987 2 Madrick Jeff September 4 2003 Necessities not luxuries are driving Americans into debt a new book says The New York Times eISSN 1553 8095 ISSN 0362 4331 OCLC 1645522 Archived from the original on December 12 2009 Retrieved June 3 2009 Himmelstein David U Warren Elizabeth Thorne Deborah Woolhandler Steffie J February 8 2005 Illness and Injury as Contributors to Bankruptcy Health Affairs Suppl Web Exclusives W5 63 W5 73 doi 10 2139 ssrn 664565 PMID 15689369 S2CID 43681024 SSRN 664565 Warren Elizabeth February 9 2005 Sick and Broke The Washington Post p A23 Archived from the original on September 21 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Langer Gary March 5 2009 Medical Bankruptcies A Data Check ABC News The Numbers blog Archived from the original on June 9 2009 Retrieved June 5 2009 A Fighting Chance By Elizabeth Warren book official website Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Retrieved January 1 2019 Jonas Michael April 21 2014 Book review A Fighting Chance by Elizabeth Warren The Boston Globe Archived from the original on August 13 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Krugman Paul April 18 2017 Elizabeth Warren Lays Out the Reasons Democrats Should Keep Fighting The New York Times eISSN 1553 8095 ISSN 0362 4331 OCLC 1645522 Archived from the original on May 7 2017 Retrieved May 4 2017 Further readingLizza Ryan May 4 2015 The virtual candidate Elizabeth Warren isn t running but she s Hillary Clinton s biggest Democratic threat Profiles The New Yorker Vol 91 no 11 pp 34 45 Retrieved July 1 2015 Lopez Linette July 11 2013 Elizabeth Warren Introducing a Bill That Would Be Wall Street s Worst Nightmare Business Insider Retrieved September 21 2019 External linksElizabeth Warren at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata U S Senate website Campaign websiteBiography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Financial information federal office at the Federal Election Commission Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress Appearances on C SPAN Elizabeth Warren collected news and commentary at The New York Times Elizabeth Warren s file at Politifact Elizabeth Warren at Curlie Elizabeth Warren at On the IssuesProfile at Vote Smart Portals Biography Business and economics Law Liberalism Politics United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elizabeth Warren amp 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