Uranyl nitrate is a water-soluble yellow uranium salt with the formula UO2(NO3)2 · n H2O. The hexa-, tri-, and dihydrates are known.[3] The compound is mainly of interest because it is an intermediate in the preparation of nuclear fuels.
Uranyl nitrate can be prepared by reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. As determined by neutron diffraction, the uranyl center is characteristically linear with short U=O distances. In the equatorial plane of the complex are six U-O bonds to bidentate nitrate and two water ligands. At 245 pm, these U-O bonds are much longer than the U=O bonds of the uranyl center.[1]
Uranyl nitrate is important for nuclear reprocessing. It is the compound of uranium that results from dissolving the decladded spent nuclear fuel rods or yellowcake in nitric acid, for further separation and preparation of uranium hexafluoride for isotope separation for preparing of enriched uranium. A special feature of uranyl nitrate is its solubility in tributyl phosphate (), which allows uranium to be extracted from the nitric acid solution. Its high solubility is attributed to the formation of the lipophilic adduct UO2(NO3)2(OP(OBu)3)2.
Archaic photographyEdit
During the first half of the 19th century, many photosensitive metal salts had been identified as candidates for photographic processes, among them uranyl nitrate. The prints thus produced were called uranium prints or uranotypes. The first uranium printing processes were invented by Scotsman J. Charles Burnett between 1855 and 1857, and used this compound as the sensitive salt. Burnett authored a 1858 article comparing "Printing by the Salts of the Uranic and Ferric Oxides" The process employs the ability of the uranyl ion to pick up two electrons and reduce to the lower oxidation state of uranium(IV) under ultraviolet light. Uranotypes can vary from print to print from a more neutral, brown russet to strong Bartolozzi red, with a very long tone grade. Surviving prints are slightly radioactive, a property which serves as a means of non-destructively identifying them. Several other more elaborate photographic processes employing the compound appeared and vanished during the second half of the 19th century with names like Wothlytype, Mercuro-Uranotype and the Auro-Uranium process. Uranium papers were manufactured commercially at least until the end of the 19th century, vanishing due to the superior sensitivity and practical advantages of silver halides. From the 1930s through the 1950s Kodak Books described a uranium toner (Kodak T-9) using uranium nitrate hexahydrate. Some alternative process photographers including Bob Kiss and Brittonie Fletcher continue to make uranotype prints today.
Uranyl nitrates are common starting materials for the synthesis of other uranyl compounds because the nitrate ligand is easily replaced by other anions. It reacts with oxalate to give uranyl oxalate. Treatment with hydrochloric acid gives uranyl chloride.[4]
Health and environmental issuesEdit
Uranyl nitrate is an oxidizing and highly toxic compound. When ingested, it causes severe chronic kidney disease and acute tubular necrosis and is a lymphocytemitogen. Target organs include the kidneys, liver, lungs and brain. It also represents a severe fire and explosion risk when heated or subjected to shock in contact with oxidizable substances.
^ abMueller, Melvin Henry; Dalley, N. Kent; Simonsen, Stanley H. (1971). "Neutron Diffraction Study of Uranyl Nitrate Dihydrate". Inorganic Chemistry. 10 (2): 323–328. doi:10.1021/ic50096a021.
^Peehs, Martin; Walter, Thomas; Walter, Sabine; Zemek, Martin (2007). "Uranium, Uranium Alloys, and Uranium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_281.pub2.
^F. Hein, S. Herzog (1963). "Uranyl Chloride". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1439.
October 14, 2023
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Uranyl nitrate is a water soluble yellow uranium salt with the formula UO2 NO3 2 n H2O The hexa tri and dihydrates are known 3 The compound is mainly of interest because it is an intermediate in the preparation of nuclear fuels Uranyl nitrate NamesIUPAC name T 4 bis nitrato kO dioxouraniumOther names Uranium nitrate Yellow saltIdentifiersCAS Number anhydrous 10102 06 4 Yhexahydrate 13520 83 73D model JSmol anhydrous Interactive imagedihydrate Interactive imagehexahydrate Interactive imageChemSpider anhydrous 22177973 Yhexahydrate 55548ECHA InfoCard 100 030 229EC Number anhydrous 233 266 3PubChem CID anhydrous 24933dihydrate 22763670hexahydrate 61640RTECS number hexahydrate YR3850000UNII anhydrous 0C0WI17JYF NCompTox Dashboard EPA anhydrous DTXSID2037136InChI anhydrous InChI 1S 2NO3 2O U c2 2 1 3 4 q2 1 YKey QWDZADMNIUIMTC UHFFFAOYSA N Ydihydrate InChI 1S 2NO3 2H2O 2O U c2 2 1 3 4 h 2 1H2 q2 1 2Key SUFYIOKRRLBZBE UHFFFAOYSA Nhexahydrate InChI 1S 2HNO3 6H2O 2O U c2 2 1 3 4 h2 H 2 3 4 6 1H2 Key WRIBVRZWDPGVQH UHFFFAOYSA NSMILES anhydrous N O O O O U 2 O O N O O dihydrate N O O O N O O O O O O U 2 Ohexahydrate N O O O N O O O O O O O O O O U OPropertiesChemical formula UO2 NO3 2Molar mass 394 04 g molAppearance yellow green solid hygroscopicDensity 3 5 g cm3 dihydrate 1 Melting point 60 2 C 140 4 F 333 3 K Boiling point 118 C 244 F 391 K decomposition Solubility in water g 100g H2O 98 0 C 122 20 C 474 100 C lt Solubility in tributyl phosphate solubleHazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word DangerNFPA 704 fire diamond 400OXFlash point Non flammableLethal dose or concentration LD LC LDLo lowest published 12 mg kg dog oral 238 cat oral 2 Safety data sheet SDS External MSDSRelated compoundsOther anions Uranyl chlorideUranyl sulfateExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Uranyl nitrate can be prepared by reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid It is soluble in water ethanol and acetone As determined by neutron diffraction the uranyl center is characteristically linear with short U O distances In the equatorial plane of the complex are six U O bonds to bidentate nitrate and two water ligands At 245 pm these U O bonds are much longer than the U O bonds of the uranyl center 1 Contents 1 Uses 1 1 Processing of nuclear fuels 1 2 Archaic photography 1 3 Stain for microscopy 1 4 As a reagent 2 Health and environmental issues 3 External links 4 ReferencesUses EditProcessing of nuclear fuels Edit Uranyl nitrate is important for nuclear reprocessing It is the compound of uranium that results from dissolving the decladded spent nuclear fuel rods or yellowcake in nitric acid for further separation and preparation of uranium hexafluoride for isotope separation for preparing of enriched uranium A special feature of uranyl nitrate is its solubility in tributyl phosphate PO OC 4 H 9 3 displaystyle ce PO OC4H9 3 nbsp which allows uranium to be extracted from the nitric acid solution Its high solubility is attributed to the formation of the lipophilic adduct UO2 NO3 2 OP OBu 3 2 Archaic photography Edit During the first half of the 19th century many photosensitive metal salts had been identified as candidates for photographic processes among them uranyl nitrate The prints thus produced were called uranium prints or uranotypes The first uranium printing processes were invented by Scotsman J Charles Burnett between 1855 and 1857 and used this compound as the sensitive salt Burnett authored a 1858 article comparing Printing by the Salts of the Uranic and Ferric Oxides The process employs the ability of the uranyl ion to pick up two electrons and reduce to the lower oxidation state of uranium IV under ultraviolet light Uranotypes can vary from print to print from a more neutral brown russet to strong Bartolozzi red with a very long tone grade Surviving prints are slightly radioactive a property which serves as a means of non destructively identifying them Several other more elaborate photographic processes employing the compound appeared and vanished during the second half of the 19th century with names like Wothlytype Mercuro Uranotype and the Auro Uranium process Uranium papers were manufactured commercially at least until the end of the 19th century vanishing due to the superior sensitivity and practical advantages of silver halides From the 1930s through the 1950s Kodak Books described a uranium toner Kodak T 9 using uranium nitrate hexahydrate Some alternative process photographers including Bob Kiss and Brittonie Fletcher continue to make uranotype prints today Stain for microscopy Edit Along with uranyl acetate it is used as a negative stain for viruses in electron microscopy in tissue samples it stabilizes nucleic acids and cell membranes As a reagent Edit Uranyl nitrates are common starting materials for the synthesis of other uranyl compounds because the nitrate ligand is easily replaced by other anions It reacts with oxalate to give uranyl oxalate Treatment with hydrochloric acid gives uranyl chloride 4 Health and environmental issues EditUranyl nitrate is an oxidizing and highly toxic compound When ingested it causes severe chronic kidney disease and acute tubular necrosis and is a lymphocyte mitogen Target organs include the kidneys liver lungs and brain It also represents a severe fire and explosion risk when heated or subjected to shock in contact with oxidizable substances External links EditURANIUM DAYS Notes On Uranium Photography 2007 archive from archive org Chemical Database Uranyl nitrate solidReferences Edit a b Mueller Melvin Henry Dalley N Kent Simonsen Stanley H 1971 Neutron Diffraction Study of Uranyl Nitrate Dihydrate Inorganic Chemistry 10 2 323 328 doi 10 1021 ic50096a021 Uranium soluble compounds as U Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations IDLH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Peehs Martin Walter Thomas Walter Sabine Zemek Martin 2007 Uranium Uranium Alloys and Uranium Compounds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a27 281 pub2 F Hein S Herzog 1963 Uranyl Chloride In G Brauer ed Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed Vol 2 NY NY Academic Press p 1439 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uranyl nitrate amp oldid 1107424496, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
