Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan. It is divided into two dialects, Northeastern Karakalpak and Southeastern Karakalpak. It developed alongside Uzbek and neighboring Kazakh languages, being markedly influenced by both. Typologically, Karakalpak belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, thus being closely related to and highly mutually intelligible with Kazakh.[2]
Karakalpak
Qaraqalpaq tili, Қарақалпақ тили, قاراقالپاق تىلى
Karakalpak in Latin, Cyrillic, and Arabic Nastaliq scripts.
Karakalpak is spoken mainly in the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic of Uzbekistan. Approximately 2,000 people in Afghanistan and smaller diaspora in parts of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and other parts of the world speak Karakalpak.
Official status
Karakalpak has official status in the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic.
Dialects
Ethnologue identifies two dialects of Karakalpak: Northeastern and Southwestern. Menges mentions a third possible dialect spoken in the Fergana Valley. The Southwestern dialect has /tʃ/ for the Northeastern /ʃ/.
Phonology
Karakalpak has 25 native consonant phonemes and regularly uses four non-native phonemes in loan words. Non-native sounds are shown in parentheses.
March 2006. A photo laboratory in Nukus – with the signboard written in Karakalpak language using the Latin alphabet.
Karakalpak was written in the Arabic and Persian script until 1928, in the Latin script (with additional characters) from 1928 to 1940, after which Cyrillic was introduced. Following Uzbekistan's independence in 1991, the decision was made to drop Cyrillic and revert to the Latin alphabet. Whilst the use of Latin script is now widespread in Tashkent, its introduction into Karakalpakstan remains gradual.
The Cyrillic and Latin alphabets are shown below with their equivalent representations in the IPA. Cyrillic letters with no representation in the Latin alphabet are marked with asterisks. The last changes to the new Karakalpak alphabet were made in 2016: instead of letters with apostrophes, letters with acutes were introduced.[3] Therefore, the new Karakalpak alphabet will act in the same way the new Kazakh and Uzbek alphabets represent – that is, with acutes.
Cyrillic
Latin
IPA
Cyrillic
Latin
IPA
Cyrillic
Latin
IPA
Аа
Aa
/a/
Ққ
Qq
/q/
Фф
Ff
/f/
Әә
Áá
/æ/
Лл
Ll
/l/
Хх
Xx
/x/
Бб
Bb
/b/
Мм
Mm
/m/
Ҳҳ
Hh
/h/
Вв
Vv
/v/
Нн
Nn
/n/
Цц
Cc
/ts/
Гг
Gg
/ɡ/
Ңң
Ńń
/ŋ/
Чч
Ch;ch
/tʃ/
Ғғ
Ǵǵ
/ɣ/
Оо
Oo
/o/
Шш
Sh;sh
/ʃ/
Дд
Dd
/d/
Өө
Óó
/œ/
Щщ*
sch
/ʃtʃ/
Ее
Ee
/e/
Пп
Pp
/p/
Ъъ*
Ёё*
yo
/jo/
Рр
Rr
/r/
Ыы
Íı
/ɯ/
Жж
Jj
/ʒ/
Сс
Ss
/s/
Ьь*
Зз
Zz
/z/
Тт
Tt
/t/
Ээ
Ee
/e/
Ии
Ii
/i/
Уу
Uu
/u/
Юю*
yu
/ju/
Йй
Yy
/j/
Үү
Úú
/y/
Яя
ya
/ja/
Кк
Kk
/k/
Ўў
Ww
/w/
Before 2009, C was written as TS; I and Í were written as dotted and dotless I.[4]
Menges, Karl H. (1947), Qaraqałpaq Grammar, Translated from German by Leora P. Cunningham, New York: King's Crown Press, OCLC 3615928
Kara-Kalpak edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
March 11, 2023
karakalpak, language, karakalpak, turkic, language, spoken, karakalpaks, karakalpakstan, divided, into, dialects, northeastern, karakalpak, southeastern, karakalpak, developed, alongside, uzbek, neighboring, kazakh, languages, being, markedly, influenced, both. Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan It is divided into two dialects Northeastern Karakalpak and Southeastern Karakalpak It developed alongside Uzbek and neighboring Kazakh languages being markedly influenced by both Typologically Karakalpak belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages thus being closely related to and highly mutually intelligible with Kazakh 2 KarakalpakQaraqalpaq tili Қarakalpak tili قاراقالپاق تىلىKarakalpak in Latin Cyrillic and Arabic Nastaliq scripts Native toUzbekistan Kazakhstan TurkmenistanRegionKarakalpakstanEthnicityKarakalpaksNative speakers583 410 2010 1 Language familyTurkic Common TurkicKipchakKipchak NogaiKarakalpakWriting systemKarkalpak alphabet Latin Cyrillic Arabic script Official statusOfficial language inUzbekistan KarakalpakstanLanguage codesISO 639 2 span class plainlinks kaa span ISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code kaa class extiw title iso639 3 kaa kaa a Glottologkara1467Map showing locations of Karakalpak red within UzbekistanThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Contents 1 Classification 2 Geographic distribution 2 1 Official status 2 2 Dialects 3 Phonology 3 1 Consonants 3 2 Vowels 3 2 1 Vowel harmony 4 Vocabulary 4 1 Personal pronouns 4 2 Numbers 5 Writing system 6 Poets 7 See also 8 References 9 BibliographyClassification EditKarakalpak is a member of the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages which includes Kazakh Bashkir Tatar Kumyk Karachay Nogai and Kyrgyz Due to its proximity to Uzbek much of Karakalpak s vocabulary and grammar has been influenced by Uzbek Like the vast majority of Turkic languages Karakalpak has vowel harmony is agglutinative and has no grammatical gender Word order is usually subject object verb Geographic distribution EditKarakalpak is spoken mainly in the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic of Uzbekistan Approximately 2 000 people in Afghanistan and smaller diaspora in parts of Russia Kazakhstan Turkey and other parts of the world speak Karakalpak Official status Edit Karakalpak has official status in the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic Dialects Edit Ethnologue identifies two dialects of Karakalpak Northeastern and Southwestern Menges mentions a third possible dialect spoken in the Fergana Valley The Southwestern dialect has tʃ for the Northeastern ʃ Phonology EditKarakalpak has 25 native consonant phonemes and regularly uses four non native phonemes in loan words Non native sounds are shown in parentheses Karakalpak vowels from Menges 1947 Consonants Edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular GlottalNasal m n ŋ Plosive p b t d k ɡ q Affricate t s t ʃ Fricative f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h Rhotic r Approximant l j w Vowels Edit Front Backspread rounded spread roundedClose i y ɯ uMid e œ oOpen ae aVowel harmony Edit Vowel harmony functions in Karakalpak much as it does clarification needed in other Turkic languages Words borrowed from Russian or other languages may not observe rules of vowel harmony but the following rules usually apply What are the rules for Karakalpak words Vowel May be followed by a a ɯae e ie e ii e io a o u ɯœ e i œ yu a o uy e œ yɯ a ɯVocabulary EditPersonal pronouns Edit Singular Plural1st person men I bizler we 2nd person sen you sizler you pl 3rd person ol he she it olar they Numbers Edit bir 1 eki 2 ush 3 tort 4 bes 5 alti 6 jeti 7 segiz 8 toǵiz 9 on 10juz 100 min 1000Writing system Edit March 2006 A photo laboratory in Nukus with the signboard written in Karakalpak language using the Latin alphabet Karakalpak was written in the Arabic and Persian script until 1928 in the Latin script with additional characters from 1928 to 1940 after which Cyrillic was introduced Following Uzbekistan s independence in 1991 the decision was made to drop Cyrillic and revert to the Latin alphabet Whilst the use of Latin script is now widespread in Tashkent its introduction into Karakalpakstan remains gradual The Cyrillic and Latin alphabets are shown below with their equivalent representations in the IPA Cyrillic letters with no representation in the Latin alphabet are marked with asterisks The last changes to the new Karakalpak alphabet were made in 2016 instead of letters with apostrophes letters with acutes were introduced 3 Therefore the new Karakalpak alphabet will act in the same way the new Kazakh and Uzbek alphabets represent that is with acutes Cyrillic Latin IPA Cyrillic Latin IPA Cyrillic Latin IPAAa Aa a Қk Qq q Ff Ff f Әә Aa ae Ll Ll l Hh Xx x Bb Bb b Mm Mm m Ҳҳ Hh h Vv Vv v Nn Nn n Cc Cc ts Gg Gg ɡ Ңn Nn ŋ Chch Ch ch tʃ Ғg Ǵǵ ɣ Oo Oo o Shsh Sh sh ʃ Dd Dd d Өo oo œ Shsh sch ʃtʃ Ee Ee e Pp Pp p Yoyo yo jo Rr Rr r Yy Ii ɯ Zhzh Jj ʒ Ss Ss s Zz Zz z Tt Tt t Ee Ee e Ii Ii i Uu Uu u Yuyu yu ju Jj Yy j Үү Uu y Yaya ya ja Kk Kk k Ўy Ww w Before 2009 C was written as TS I and I were written as dotted and dotless I 4 Poets EditAjiniyaz Berdax G arg abay Uli Kunxoja Ibrayim YusupovSee also EditPortals Uzbekistan Russia Afghanistan LanguagesReferences Edit Karakalpak at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Karakalpak Ethnologue Retrieved 2016 03 12 Latyn zhazyyyna tijkarlangan karakalpak әlipbesi Karakalpakskij gosudarstvennyj universitet im Berdaha in Kara Kalpak Archived from the original on 2017 12 24 Retrieved 2018 01 27 Karakalpak Cyrillic Old New Latin transliteratorBibliography EditJohanson Lars Csato Eva Agnes eds 1998 The Turkic Languages London Routledge ISBN 9780415082006 OCLC 40980286 Menges Karl H 1947 Qaraqalpaq Grammar Translated from German by Leora P Cunningham New York King s Crown Press OCLC 3615928 Kara Kalpak edition of Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karakalpak language amp oldid 1143087538, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
