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Giorgia Meloni

February 15, 2024

Giorgia Meloni (Italian: [ˈdʒordʒa meˈloːni]; born 15 January 1977) is an Italian politician who has been serving as the prime minister of Italy since October 2022, the first woman to hold this position. A member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2006, she has led the Brothers of Italy (FdI) political party since 2014, and she has been the president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party since 2020.

Giorgia Meloni
Official portrait, 2023
Prime Minister of Italy
Assumed office
22 October 2022
PresidentSergio Mattarella
Deputy
Preceded byMario Draghi
President of Brothers of Italy
Assumed office
8 March 2014
Preceded byIgnazio La Russa
President of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party
Assumed office
29 September 2020
Preceded byJan Zahradil
Minister of Youth
In office
8 May 2008 – 16 November 2011
Prime MinisterSilvio Berlusconi
Preceded byGiovanna Melandri
Succeeded byAndrea Riccardi
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
Assumed office
28 April 2006
Constituency
See list
Personal details
Born (1977-01-15) 15 January 1977 (age 47)
Rome, Lazio, Italy
Political partyFdI (since 2012)
Other political
affiliations
  • MSI (1992–1995)
  • AN (1995–2009)
  • PdL (2009–2012)
Domestic partnerAndrea Giambruno (2015–2023)
Children1
Signature
Website
  • Government website
  • Personal website

In 1992, Meloni joined the Youth Front, the youth wing of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a neo-fascist political party founded in 1946 by former followers of Italian fascism. She later became the national leader of Student Action, the student movement of the National Alliance (AN), a post-fascist party that became the MSI's legal successor in 1995 and moved towards national conservatism. She was a councillor of the Province of Rome from 1998 to 2002, after which she became the president of Youth Action, the youth wing of AN. In 2008, she was appointed Italian Minister of Youth in the fourth Berlusconi government, a role which she held until 2011. In 2012, she co-founded FdI, a legal successor to AN, and became its president in 2014. She unsuccessfully ran in the 2014 European Parliament election and the 2016 Rome municipal election. After the 2018 Italian general election, she led FdI in opposition during the entire 18th Italian legislature. FdI grew its popularity in opinion polls, particularly during the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by the Draghi Cabinet, a national unity government to which FdI was the only opposition party. Following the fall of the Draghi government, FdI won the 2022 Italian general election.

A right-wing populist and nationalist, her political positions have been described as far-right. She describes herself as a Christian and a conservative, and she claims to defend "God, fatherland, and family". She is opposed to euthanasia, same-sex marriage, and LGBT parenting, saying that nuclear families are exclusively headed by male-female pairs. Her discourse includes femonationalist rhetoric and criticism of globalism. Meloni supports a naval blockade to halt immigration, and she has been accused of xenophobia and Islamophobia. A supporter of NATO, she maintains Eurosceptic views regarding the European Union, which she describes as Eurorealist, and was in favour of better relations with Russia before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, after which she pledged to keep sending arms to Ukraine. Meloni has expressed controversial views, such as in 2020, when she praised Giorgio Almirante, a chief of cabinet in Mussolini's Italian Social Republic who produced racist propaganda and co-founded the MSI. In 2023, Meloni was the fourth on Forbes's list of most powerful women in the world.

Early life

Giorgia Meloni was born in Rome on 15 January 1977.[1][2] Her father, Francesco Meloni, was from Rome, born to radio director Nino Meloni from Sardinia and actress Zoe Incrocci from Lombardy,[3] and her mother, Anna (née Paratore), is from Sicily. Her father was a tax advisor, and according to some political profiles had communist sympathies and voted for the Italian Communist Party, while her mother later became a novelist.[4][5][6] Her father abandoned the family in 1978 when she was one year old, moving to the Canary Islands and remarrying. Meloni has four step-siblings from her father's second marriage.[7] Seventeen years later, in 1995, he was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to nine years in a Spanish prison. He last contacted Meloni in 2006, when she became the Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies.[8][9] Legal documents have recently revealed a controversial indirect economic link through a network of real estate companies in which the ex-wife Anna Paratore, mother of Giorgia Meloni, was a partner at various times.[10][11] Meloni was raised in the working-class district of Garbatella in Rome, moving there after the more affluent home she had first lived in as an infant with her parents was destroyed in a house fire a few years after her father left. Her upbringing has been described by her family as impoverished.[4] In her autobiography, Meloni wrote that her childhood and her family's breakdown influenced her political outlook.[6][12][7][13] Meloni has a sister, Arianna, who was born in 1975 and is married to Francesco Lollobrigida,[14] the Italian Minister of Agriculture since 22 October 2022.[15]

Education and early political activism

In 1992, at 15 years of age, Meloni joined the Youth Front, the youth wing of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a neo-fascist political party that dissolved in 1995.[1] During this time, she founded the student coordination Gli Antenati (The Ancestors), which took part in the protest against the public education reform promoted by minister Rosa Russo Iervolino.[16] In 1996, she became the national leader of Student Action, the student movement of the post-fascist National Alliance (AN), the national-conservative heir of the MSI, representing this movement in the Student Associations Forum established by the Italian Ministry of Education.[17]

In 1998, after winning the primary election, Meloni was elected as a councillor of the Province of Rome, holding this position until 2002. She was elected national director in 2000 and became the first woman president of Youth Action, the AN youth wing, in 2004.[18] During these years, she worked as a nanny, waitress, and bartender at the Piper Club [it; fr], one of the most famous night clubs in Rome.[19][20]

Meloni graduated from l’Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci[21][22] in 1996.[2][23] After her election to the Italian Parliament in 2006, she declared in her curriculum vitae that she obtained a high school diploma in languages with the final mark of 60/60, and "Diploma di liceo linguistico; Giornalista".[24] This created some controversy, as l’Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci[21][22] was not a foreign language high school and was not qualified to issue any diploma in languages; instead, it was a Hospitality Institute (see Istituto tecnico [it]) specialised in issuing professional diplomas for job titles such as chef, waiter, entertainer, tour guide, hostess, depending on the course of studies chosen by the student. It is unknown what course of studies Giorgia Meloni selected at l’Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci.[22][21] Giorgia Meloni mentioned the Hospitality Institute she attended became the Centro di Formazione Professionale Ernesto Nathan issuing diplomas in foreign languages. However, training Centers are not allowed to issue diplomas. The Ernesto Nathan Professional Trainin Center issues qualifications in beautician and hairdresser.[25]

Political career

Minister of Youth

 
Portrait of Giorgia Meloni as MP in 2008

In the 2006 Italian general election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the National Alliance (AN), where she became its youngest ever vice-president.[26] In the same year, she started to work as a journalist.[27] In 2006, Meloni defended the laws passed by the third Berlusconi government that benefited companies of the prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi and also delayed ongoing trials involving him. Meloni stated "it is necessary to contextualise them. Those are laws that Silvio Berlusconi made for himself. But they are perfectly fair laws."[28]

In 2008, at 31 years old, she was appointed Italian Minister of Youth in the fourth Berlusconi government, a position she held until 16 November 2011, when Berlusconi was forced to resign as the prime minister amid a financial crisis and public protests.[29] She was the second youngest-ever minister in the history of united Italy.[30] In August 2008, she invited Italian athletes to boycott the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games in disagreement with the Chinese policy implemented towards Tibet; this statement was criticised by Berlusconi, as well as the foreign affairs minister Franco Frattini.[31] In 2009, her party merged with Forza Italia (FI) into The People of Freedom (PdL) and she took over the presidency of the united party's youth section, called Young Italy.[30] In the same year, she voted in favour of a decree law against euthanasia.[32]

In November 2010, on behalf of the ministry, she presented a 300 million euro package called the Right to the Future. It was aimed at investing in young people and contained five initiatives, including incentives for new entrepreneurs, bonuses in favour of temporary workers and loans for deserving students.[33] In November 2012, she announced her bid to contest the PdL leadership against Angelino Alfano, in opposition to the party's support of the Monti government. After the cancellation of the primaries, she teamed up with fellow politicians Ignazio La Russa and Guido Crosetto to set out an anti-Monti policy, asking for renewal within the party and being also critical of the leadership of Berlusconi.[34][35]

Leader of Brothers of Italy

In December 2012, Meloni, La Russa, and Crosetto founded a new political movement, Brothers of Italy (FdI), whose name comes from the words of the Italian national anthem.[36][37][38] In the 2013 Italian general election, she stood as part of Berlusconi's centre-right coalition and received 2.0% of the vote and 9 seats.[39] She was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Lombardy and was later appointed the party's leader in the house, a position that she would hold until 2014, when she resigned to dedicate herself to the party. She was succeeded by Fabio Rampelli.[40]

 
Meloni with Guido Crosetto during an FdI rally in 2014

In March 2014, she became president of FdI, and in April she was nominated for the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy as the leader of the FdI in all five constituencies. FdI party obtained 3.7% of the votes, not exceeding the threshold of 4%, and she did not become a Member of the European Parliament;[41][42] she received 348,700 votes.[43] On 4 November 2015, she founded Our Land, a conservative political committee in support of her campaigns.[44] Our Land was a parallel organisation to FdI,[45] and aimed at enlarging FdI's popular base.[46]

On 30 January 2016, she participated in the Family Day, an anti-LGBT rights demonstration, declaring herself against LGBT adoption. At the same Family Day, she announced that she was pregnant; her daughter Ginevra was born on 16 September.[47] In the 2016 Rome municipal election in June, she ran for mayor with the support of Us with Salvini, a political party led by Matteo Salvini, and in opposition to the candidate supported by Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI), Alfio Marchini. In May 2016, she promised to name a street after Giorgio Almirante if elected, causing controversy among the local Jewish community and the anti-fascist ANPI.[48] Meloni won 20.6% of the vote, almost twice that of FI's candidate, but she did not qualify for the run-off, while FdI obtained 12.3% of the vote.[49]

 
Meloni with Matteo Salvini (centre) and Silvio Berlusconi (right) in 2018

During the campaign for the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum on the reform promoted by the Renzi government, Meloni founded the "No, Thanks" committee and participated in numerous television debates, including one against the then prime minister Matteo Renzi.[50] As "No" won with almost 60% of the votes on 4 December, Meloni called for snap elections. When Renzi resigned the next day, she withheld confidence from the next government led by Paolo Gentiloni on 12 December.[51][52] The 2–3 December 2017 congress of FdI in Trieste saw the re-election of Meloni as president of the party, as well as a renewal of the party logo and the joining of Daniela Santanchè, a long-time right-wing politician.[53]

As party leader, she decided to form the alliance with the League (Lega), led by Salvini, launching several political campaigns with him against the centre-left government led by the Democratic Party (PD), placing FdI in Eurosceptic and right-wing populist positions.[54] In the 2018 Italian general election, FdI stood as part of the centre-right coalition,[55] with Berlusconi's FI, Salvini's Lega, and Raffaele Fitto's Us with Italy.[56] Meloni's party obtained 4.4% of the vote and more than three times the seats won in 2013.[57] She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the single-member constituency of Latina, Lazio, with 41% of the vote.[58] The centre-right coalition, in which the League emerged as the main political force, won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies; as no political group or party won an outright majority, it resulted in a hung parliament.[59]

 
Giorgia Meloni at consultations with President Sergio Mattarella in 2019

On 19 October 2019, she participated in the Italian Pride rally in Rome against the newly formed second Conte government. In her speech, she criticised the proposal to replace on the Italian identity cards of minors the wording father and mother with parent 1 and parent 2, concluding with the slogan "I am Giorgia. I'm a woman, I'm a mother, I'm Italian, I'm Christian".[1] This slogan was remixed by two Milanese DJs, becoming a disco-trash catchphrase with millions of views, imitations, and memes on social media, even winning a gold disc.[60] By her own admission in her autobiography, the media and viral success of the remixed music video, having lost the original satirical intention in favour of the LGBT community with which it had been created, greatly increased her popularity as a politician, who she said was suddenly transformed "from a boring politician into a curious pop phenomenon".[61]

In February 2021, she joined the Aspen Institute,[62][63] an international think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C.,[64][65] which includes many financiers, businessmen, and politicians, such as Giulio Tremonti.[66][67][68] On 19 February 2021, the University of Siena professor Giovanni Gozzini insulted Meloni calling her vulgar names from a radio; both the president Sergio Mattarella and the prime minister Mario Draghi phoned Meloni and stigmatised Gozzini, who was suspended by the board of his university.[69][70]

 
Giorgia Meloni at CPAC 2022, in Florida

In October 2021, Meloni signed the Madrid Charter,[71] a 2020 document that describes left-wing groups as enemies of Ibero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".[72] It was drafted by Vox, a Spanish ultranationalist party. She also took part at Vox's party congress,[73] where she said: "Yes to the natural family. No to the LGBT lobby, yes to sexual identity. No to gender ideology. No to Islamist violence, yes to secure borders. No to mass migration, no to big international finance, no to the bureaucrats of Brussels."[74][75] In February 2022, Meloni spoke at the annual Conservative Political Action Conference in Florida. She told the attending American conservative activists and officials they must defend their views against progressives.[76]

2022 Italian general election

Heading into the 2022 Italian general election, a snap election that was called after the 2022 Italian government crisis,[77][78] it was agreed among the centre-right coalition that the leader of the party receiving the most votes would be put forward as the prime minister candidate.[79] As of July 2022, FdI was the first party in the coalition according to opinion polling,[80][81] and she was widely expected to become Prime Minister of Italy if the centre-right coalition obtained an absolute majority in Parliament, which would be the most right-wing government in the history of the Italian Republic according to some academics.[82] In an attempt to moderate herself to placate fears among those who describe FdI as neo-fascist or far right,[83] including fears within the European Commission that she could lead Italy towards Hungary under Viktor Orbán,[84] Meloni told the foreign press that Italian fascism is history. As president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party since 2020,[85] she said she shared the experiences and values of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom, Likud in Israel, and the Republican Party in the United States.[86] Critics were sceptical of her claims, citing her speeches on immigration and LGBT rights.[87][88] She campaigned for lower taxes, less European bureaucracy, and a halt to immigration through a naval blockade,[89][90] saying she would put national interests first.[91][92][93]

 
Meloni and the other prominent members of the centre-right coalition at the Quirinal Palace in October 2022

In a record-low voter turnout election,[94] exit polls projected that the centre-right coalition would win a majority of seats in the 2022 general election.[74][95][96] Meloni was projected to be the winner of the election with FdI receiving a plurality of seats,[97] and per agreement with the centre-right coalition, which held that the largest party in the coalition would nominate the next prime minister,[98] she was the frontrunner and would become the country's first female prime minister.[99][100] The PD, head of the centre-left coalition, conceded defeat shortly after the exit polls,[101] and Hungary's Orbán, Poland's Mateusz Morawiecki, United Kingdom's Liz Truss, and Marine Le Pen, former leader of National Rally (RN) in France, congratulated Meloni.[102] European radical right parties and leaders, such as Alternative for Germany and Vox, also celebrated Meloni's results.[103] After many years of absence from politics, Gianfranco Fini, former leader of the MSI and AN during the early years of Meloni's political career, expressed satisfaction for her victory, said he had voted for her party, and described her as an anti-fascist,[104][105] despite her rejection of the label, which she considers to be political.[106][107][108]

Observers have debated how right-wing a Meloni-led government would be, and which label and position on the political spectrum would be more accurate or realistic. Many variously described it as Italy's first far-right-led government since World War II,[103][109] and Meloni as the first far-right leader since Benito Mussolini, and some academics also described it as the most right-wing government since 1945.[110][111] Many questioned its direction, citing Berlusconi's and Salvini's Russian ties,[112] in contrast to Meloni's Atlanticism.[99] Others, such as Sky News, while citing Meloni's and her party's neo-fascist roots, disagreed with the far-right label and said: "Giorgia Meloni is not a fascist."[113][114] Steve Sedwick of CNBC summarised the discussion, saying: "Have we got a centre-right coalition, have we got a right coalition, have we got a far-right coalition, or have we got a fascist coalition? I have seen all four printed, depending on who you read."[115]

Prime Minister of Italy

Main article: Meloni government

Government formation

Main article: 2022 Italian government formation
 
Meloni accepting the task of forming a new government

Immediately after the first meeting of the new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa, FdI's candidacy to be President of the Senate of the Republic. He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition.[116][117][118] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant ... [and] offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate.[119][120] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet.[121]

On 20 October, consultations between President Sergio Mattarella and parties officially began. On the following day, delegates from FdI, the League, FI, and Civics of Italy–Us Moderates–MAIE, announced to Mattarella they had reached an agreement to form a coalition government with Meloni as Prime Minister.[122][123] In the afternoon, Mattarella summoned Meloni to the Quirinal Palace, asking her to form a new government.[124] She accepted the task and on the same day announced the composition of her cabinet, which was officially sworn in on 22 October.[125][126][127] She is the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy.[128][129][130]

On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies, before the confidence vote on her cabinet.[131][132] During her speech, she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government.[133] She thanked several Italian women including Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Maria Montessori, who she said, "with the boards of their own examples, built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads".[134][135] The government won the confidence vote with a comfortable majority in both houses.[136][137]

Domestic policies

 
Meloni during a press conference in 2022

One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID-19 and concerned with the complete removal of the COVID-19 vaccination certificate, known in Italy as the Green Pass; moreover, non-vaccinated doctors were re-integrated into service.[138] By this time, the government’s workforce vaccination mandate had been in place for over one year, rendering the edict largely symbolic. On 31 October, the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies.[139] Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties, the law was applicable to any illegal gathering that the public authority deemed dangerous, which garnered criticism,[140] including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini.[141] The decree also caused a lot of protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations, and was also contested by FI.[142][143][144] According to Amnesty International, the decree "risked undermining the right to peaceful protest."[145] The Meloni government has rejected the accusations and announced that it will accept minor changes to the text in Parliament.[146][147] In the first weeks after taking office, Meloni implemented stricter policies than previous governments regarding the fight against illegal immigration.[148]

From an economic point of view, Meloni and her government have decided to prevent the increase in energy prices, in continuity with her predecessor Mario Draghi, by lowering prices, giving subsidies to families and businesses and making new drilling decisions in the Italian seas to increase national gas production. The government decided also to increase the cash ceiling from €2,000 to €5,000.[149]

 
Giorgia Meloni with President Sergio Mattarella in March 2023

On 26 February 2023, a boat carrying migrants sank amidst harsh weather conditions while trying to land on the coast of Steccato di Cutro, near Crotone, in the region of Calabria. The boat was carrying between 143 and 200 migrants when it sank, of whom at least 86 died, including 12 children, becoming one of the deadliest naval disasters in recent years.[150] Meloni expressed her "deep sorrow for the many human lives torn away by human traffickers", and condemned the "exchange" of migrants' lives for "the 'price' of a ticket paid by them in the false prospect for a safe voyage".[151] On 1 March 2023, the new leader of the Democratic Party, Elly Schlein, as well as More Europe and Greens and Left Alliance asked for the resignation of interior minister Matteo Piantedosi.[152]

 
Meloni and Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during a visit in the flooded area of Emilia-Romagna

In May 2023, the government had to face severe floods which affected Emilia-Romagna region,[153] killing 17 people and displacing 50,000 others.[154][155][156] The provisional cost of the damage caused by the floods amounts to more than €10 billion (US$11 billion).[157][158] On 23 May, Italy's Council of Ministers officially announced the approval of the first law decree in response to the emergency, an estimated €2 billion recovery package that was aimed to public and private businesses, schools, universities, museums and farm workers, among other categories.[159][160][161] On 25 May, Meloni and Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, visited the flooded areas along with Bonaccini. Meloni underlined the strong spirit of the Romagnol people, stating: "Usually, when you lose everything, the prevailing feeling is anger, blame-seeking, or resignation. In Emilia-Romagna I found people shoveling mud with pride in their eyes, saying: all right, we have a problem, but we will solve it, we will rebuild."[162] After weeks of tension within the government and between majority and opposition parties,[163][164][165] on 27 June 2023 the Meloni cabinet officially appointed army corps general Francesco Paolo Figliuolo as Extraordinary Commissioner for the Reconstruction.[166]

Constitutional reform

In late December 2022, Meloni announced that Elisabetta Casellati, Minister for Constitutional Reforms, would meet with the opposition parties to officially begin the roadmap towards a constitutional reform to strengthen the powers of the Prime Minister, even if the coalition's electoral program comprehended only the direct election of the President.[167]

On 3 November 2023, Meloni officially presented the reform which provided the direct election of the Prime Minister, the so-called "premierato", and a new electoral law which gave 55% of parliamentary seats in both houses to the coalition that arrives first in the general election.[168] Following new legislation in Italy passed by the Meloni government, only a child's biological parent can be named on their birth certificate.[169]

Foreign policy

Main article: List of international prime ministerial trips made by Giorgia Meloni
 
Meloni with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in March 2023

The first foreign leader met by Meloni was the French president Emmanuel Macron, who was in Rome on 23 October to meet President Mattarella and the Pope, and had a bilateral meeting with Meloni, primarily focused on the ongoing energy crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[170] On 3 November, Meloni met European Union (EU) leaders such as Ursula von der Leyen, Charles Michel, Paolo Gentiloni, Roberta Metsola, and other politicians in Brussels.[171]

On 7 November, Meloni took part in her first international summit, the United Nations COP27 in Sharm El Sheik, Egypt. During her speech, Meloni stated: "Italy remains strongly convinced of its commitment to decarbonisation in compliance with the Paris Agreement. We must diversify energy suppliers, in close collaboration with African countries."[172] During the conference, the prime minister also had a bilateral meeting with the Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.[173] In the following week, Meloni participated in the G20 summit in Bali, Indonesia,[174] where she had her first bilateral meeting with the U.S. President Joe Biden on 15 November.[175][176]

 
Meloni and other leaders at the NATO Summit in Vilnius in July 2023

In January 2023, Meloni visited Algeria, where she met president Abdelmadjid Tebboune with whom she signed a deal regarding gas supply to Italy.[177] Thanks to this deal, Algeria will become Italy's largest gas supplier.[178]

On 22 February 2023, Meloni visited Ukraine and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to discuss about the ongoing Russian invasion. Meloni also visited Bucha, in the suburbs of Kyiv, where the Russian forces killed more than 400 Ukrainians in March 2022.[179] Meloni stressed that Ukraine can count on Italy, adding "we have been with Ukraine from the beginning and will be until the end".[180] She is an ally of Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and has praised Poland's support for Ukraine and Poland's acceptance of large numbers of Ukrainian refugees.[181] On 2 March 2023, Meloni visited India, where she met Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu.[182] During a press conference, Meloni praised Modi and his policies, describing him as the "most loved leader in the world".[183] In March 2023, she hosted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Rome.[184][185]

In April 2023, Meloni had a state visit in Ethiopia, where she met Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. In Addis Ababa, Meloni announced the so-called "Mattei Plan" by the Italian government regarding investments in the African continent.[186][187] Meloni was the first Western head of state to visit Ethiopia since the end of the Tigray War.[188] During the visit, she also had a bilateral meeting with the chair of the African Union Commission, Moussa Faki.[189] In May 2023, Meloni attended the 49th G7 summit in Hiroshima, Japan. On 16 July, Prime Minister Meloni, along with President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte, travelled to Tunis in order to sign an agreement with President Kais Saied regarding the strengthening of the economic partnership between Europe and Tunisia, the European diplomatic support for the disbursement of the loan from IMF and, especially, the fight against irregular migration flows.[190] She considered withdrawing from China's Belt and Road Initiative.[191]

 
Meloni with President Joe Biden at the White House in July 2023

In July 2023, she had a state trip to the United States. On 27 July, Meloni visited the U.S. Capitol where she met with Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. Later she met with U.S. President Joe Biden at the White House, where they discussed about many issues, including Ukraine, China and Africa. They also talked about the strengthening of economic exchange between the two countries, trade relations between Europe and U.S., security policies and the forthcoming G7 Italian presidency.[192] During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Meloni stated her support for "Israel’s full right to defend itself in accordance with international law, and to live in peace."[193]

Political positions

Observers have described Meloni's political positions as far right;[194][195] in August 2018, Friedel Taube wrote in Deutsche Welle that "Giorgia Meloni has a long history in far-right politics."[196] In a July 2022 interview with Nicholas Farrell of The Spectator, Meloni rejected descriptions of her politics as far right, calling it a smear campaign by her opponents and cited British conservative philosopher Roger Scruton as one of her influences.[197] She has described herself as a mainstream conservative.[198][199] Additionally, Meloni has been described as hard right,[200] right-wing populist,[201][202] and nationalist.[203][204][205]

Meloni has been described as being close to Viktor Orbán, the Prime Minister of Hungary and leader of Fidesz,[206][207] and Rishi Sunak, the British Prime Minister and Conservatives leader.[208][209] Furthermore, she has been linked with the Vox political party in Spain,[210][211] representatives of the Law and Justice party in Poland,[212][213] and the Republican Party in the United States.[214][215][216] Meloni has self-described her political party, Brothers of Italy (FdI), as a mainstream conservative party,[217] and she has downplayed its post-fascist roots.[96][218] She is in favour of presidentialism and supports changes to the Constitution of Italy.[1]

Social issues

 
Giorgia Meloni speaking at a Vox rally in Malaga, Spain

Meloni opposes abortion, euthanasia, and laws that recognise same-sex marriage, and describes herself as "pro-family".[219][220][221] She has said she "wouldn't change" the abortion law in Italy but wanted to apply more fully the part of the law "about prevention", such as permitting doctors to refuse to carry them out (conscientious objection to abortion).[222][223] She also stated that the recognition of same-sex unions in Italy is good enough,[224][225] and she said it was something she would not change;[226] in 2016, while she said she would respect the law if elected mayor of Rome, she had supported a referendum to abrogate the civil-union law.[227][228] At a rally at the Piazza del Popolo in October 2019, she spoke against same-sex parenting; her speech became viral on Italian social media platforms.[229] During a February 2016 interview to Le Iene, an Italian television show, she had also said that she would "rather not have a gay child".[230][231][232]

Meloni has opposed the 1993 Mancino law [it], a hate speech law.[13] She is opposed to the DDL Zan, an anti-homophobia law that would expand the Mancino law to cover LGBT discrimination, declaring in 2020 that "there is no homophobia" in Italy.[233] She is also opposed to surrogacy, which is pejoratively known in Italian as utero in affitto ("uterus renting"),[234][235] and she has pushed in Parliament for a law to make it a "universal crime"; her efforts have been endorsed by the Catholic Church and by Pope Francis himself.[236][225][237] Meloni is supportive of the anti-gender movement, based on Catholic theology in the 1990s that condemns gender studies, and she is sceptical of what she calls "gender ideology";[238][239] she says it is being taught in schools,[240][241][242] and that it attacks female identity and motherhood.[243] She is supportive of changing the Constitution of Italy to make it illegal for same-sex couples to adopt children.[244] In March 2018, she criticised The Walt Disney Company for the decision to represent a gay couple in the musical fantasy film Frozen II. On Facebook, she wrote: "Enough! We are sick of it! Take your hands off the children."[245][246][247]

Feminism

 
Meloni at the European Council in March 2023

In her 2011 book We Believe, Meloni wrote: "I am a right-wing woman, and I proudly support women's issues. In recent years we have had to suffer contempt and racism by feminists. ... Perhaps as far as feminism is conceived in this way, it is more a question of ideology than of gender and substance."[248] She is opposed to pink quotas and has denied being anti-women as accused by some critics.[249][250][251] Giorgia Serughetti, a political philosopher and author of The Conservative Wind, said that femonationalism is working for Meloni.[220]

The possibility of Meloni becoming the first woman to become Prime Minister of Italy had been widely discussed both prior to and after the 2022 Italian general election. Some women did not see this as a victory due to her political positions, while others saw it at least partly in a positive light, and a few others called her a feminist despite Meloni's rejection of the label.[252] Prior to the election, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton commented: "The election of the first woman prime minister in a country always represents a break with the past, and that is certainly a good thing."[253][254] This prompted a response from some critics and observers, including historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and David Broder. Ben-Ghiat wrote: "Meloni would also represent continuity with Italy's darkest episode."[255] For her part, Meloni declared herself ready to govern and criticised feminists.[256]

Immigration and multiculturalism

 
Meloni with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and other leaders at the International Conference on Development and Migration in Rome, 23 July 2023

Meloni has criticised Italy's approach towards illegal immigrants,[257] calling for a zero-tolerance policy, and she wants to blockade migrants from reaching Italian ports,[90] and boost the birth rate of Italian nationals to ease the need for migrant labour.[258] She is opposed to birthright citizenship proposals, which would give citizenship including education rights to foreigners born and living in Italy.[259] She has linked illegal immigration and crime, and refugee arrivals to human trafficking and prostitution.[114] Amid the 2022 escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Meloni said she supported to give refugee status to those coming from a war-shaken country but not to asylum seekers. She said: "It's time to call things by their name, to give refugee status to those fleeing war, women, and children, perhaps doing the opposite with those who aren't refugees."[260] In August 2022, she reposted a pixelated video on Twitter that shows a woman being raped by an asylum seeker.[261] The victim of the violence decried the publication of the video and said she was recognised by the video posted.[262] After receiving backlash, Meloni defended herself by accusing other politicians of not having condemned the rape itself.[263][264]

Meloni has blamed neo-colonialism for Africa's underdevelopment and the 2015 European migrant crisis, and she said she favours co-operation over what she termed France's neocolonialism.[265] She has been considered as opposed to the reception of migrants,[266][267][268] as well as to multiculturalism,[269][270] and she has been accused of making xenophobic statements,[271][272][273] as well as of Islamophobia.[195][274][275] In 2018, she said she would welcome Venezuelans, saying they are Christians and often of Italian origins.[276] She has often criticised George Soros and what she terms globalists, at times reflecting the views of Soros conspiracy theories,[255][277] once saying: "When you are a slave, you act in Soros's interests."[278] She has endorsed the Great Replacement, a white nationalist conspiracy theory.[255][279] She also believes there is a planned mass migration from Africa to Europe for the purpose of replacing and eliminating Italians, an antisemitic, white genocide, and far-right conspiracy theory known as the Kalergi Plan.[280][281][282] She has described pro-immigration policies as part of an alleged left-wing conspiracy to "replace Italians with immigrants".[259] In January 2017, she called immigration to Italy "ethnic substitution".[259]

 
Meloni with Mark Rutte, Ursula von der Leyen and Kais Saied signing a pact of aids toward Tunisia and an agreement against illegal immigration

Meloni complained about the danger of ethnic substitution also in her 2019 book on the Nigerian mafia,[283][284] co-written with Alessandro Meluzzi [it], anti-vax psychiatrist, founder of the "Anti-Islamisation Party" and at the time primate of a schismatic Italian Orthodox Church.[285][286][287] Along with other white supremacist stereotypes, the book argues that a project is underway to "change the European ethnicity and create Eurafrica", that the Nigerian mafia is the product of "local cultures that practice ritual murder and cannibalism", and that "the corpses of white people are very appreciated" by the Yoruba, who are said to be engaged in the trade of human flesh and organs.[283][284]

In 2023, amidst an unprecedented migration crisis, she asserted that Europe and Italy need immigration and that only illegal immigration must be fought in favor of legal immigration.[288][289] Meloni tried to make a deal with Tunisian President Kais Saied, with a focus on stopping illegal migration from Tunisia to Europe. In September 2023, more than 120 boats carrying around 7,000 migrants from Africa arrived on the Italian island of Lampedusa within 24 hours, increasing the volume handled by the local migration reception center by 15 times and leading to the migrants outnumbering the island's native population.[290] Meloni declared that she wrote to the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen "to ask her to come with me to Lampedusa to personally realize the gravity of the situation we face, and to immediately accelerate the implementation of the agreement with Tunisia by transferring the agreed resources."[291]

Foreign issues

 
Meloni with French president Emmanuel Macron in 2022

Meloni followed the PdL party line in favour of the 2011 military intervention in Libya; however, in 2019, she criticised the French rationale for the intervention, stating it was because of Muammar Gaddafi's opposition to the CFA franc.[292][293] She was critical of Italian relations with Saudi Arabia and Qatar, stating that these countries "systematically and deliberately spread fundamentalist theories that are the main causes of the growth of Islamic fundamentalism".[294] She opposed the decision to host the Supercoppa Italiana final in Saudi Arabia, and stated that Italy should actively raise the issue of human rights in Saudi Arabia.[295] However, upon taking office, Meloni reversed her position, with her government stating it was "keen to maintain the excellent relationship with Saudi Arabia" yet still calling for a "firm reaction" against Qatar to which several Italians were accused of involvement in Qatargate.[296] Similarly, in 2021, Meloni stated her party "denounced the authoritarian, Islamist direction Erdogan's Turkey has taken for years and asked the EU to withdraw Ankara's status as a candidate country",[297] but upon taking office, pursued closer ties with the Turkish government, due to Italy's interests in Libya, cooperation in stopping migration, shared nationalist values and common disagreement with French foreign policy.[298] Meloni advocated for the expulsion of the Indian Ambassador to Italy as a result of the Enrica Lexie case,[299] and she urged Alessandro Del Piero to refuse to play in the Indian Super League until the detained Italian marines were returned.[300] Following the Asia Bibi blasphemy case, Meloni criticised what she called the "silence of the West" and advocated a stronger stance by the international community against human rights violations in Pakistan.[301]

 
Meloni with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in 2022

Prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, she was in favour of better relations with Russia and supported lifting sanctions on the Russian Federation in 2014.[302] In 2018, she congratulated Vladimir Putin for his re-election as president.[303] In her 2021 biography book, she wrote that Russia under Putin defends European values and Christian identity.[304] She has since condemned the invasion and pledged to keep sending arms to Ukraine,[305] and moved towards Atlanticism.[306][307][308] In September 2022, she said that Russia's annexation of four partially occupied provinces in south-eastern Ukraine has "no legal and political value."[309] She is supportive of NATO,[310] although she maintains Eurosceptic views towards the EU,[311][312][313] having also previously advocated a withdrawal from the eurozone.[314][315]

 
Meloni with Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2023

She rejects the Eurosceptic label, favouring the Eurorealism of a confederal Europe of sovereign nations.[316] A critic of China, she is a supporter of closer ties between Italy and Taiwan.[317] She is a controversial figure in Croatia due to her Italian irredentist statements in which she claimed Dalmatia and Istria, and for being opposed to Croatian entry into the EU due to the unresolved dispute concerning properties of exiled Italians after World War II from these two Croatian regions.[318][319] In 2018, she praised Iran and Lebanese militant group Hezbollah as protectors of Syrian Christians in the Syrian Civil War.[320] In 2014, she condemned "another massacre of children in Gaza" during the Gaza War between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas,[321] but later changed her stance and became a supporter of closer relations with Israel.[322] However, unlike Matteo Salvini, she is opposed to moving the Italian Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.[323] She never apologized to African nations for wrongs committed during the Italian colonial period,[324] but is vocally critical of the legacy of the French colonial empire in Africa, arguing that France continues to exploit its former colonies through the CFA Franc.[325]

COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines

Meloni has exhibited support for vaccine hesitancy, such as not vaccinating her daughter during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy because "it's not a religion".[326][327][328] She has been criticised due to her statements on vaccines and COVID-19, stating the probability of someone aged 0–19 dying from COVID-19 was the same as being struck by lightning.[329][330] After her party won the 2022 Italian general election, they pledged to review the positions taken by the Italian government during the COVID-19 pandemic and end the COVID-19 vaccine mandate in place for health care workers.[331]

Relationship with fascism

During her political career, Meloni has expressed statements that generated controversy.[332] In an interview to the French newscast Soir 3 when she was 19,[333] she praised Italian dictator Benito Mussolini as "a good politician, in that everything he did, he did for Italy",[334][335][336] and as the best politician of the last 50 years.[337] In January 2020, there was some controversy after Meloni and the comune of Verona supported naming a street after Giorgio Almirante; Meloni and the comune also supported giving Liliana Segre, a Holocaust survivor and senator for life, honorary citizenship. Segre said that she and Almirante are incompatible and the comune had to make a choice.[338][339] In May 2020, Meloni praised Almirante as a "great politician", as well as "a patriot".[340][341][342] He was the co-founder of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), who had a long post-war political career until retiring in 1987. During World War II, he was a wartime collaborator as a civil minister of the Italian Social Republic (RSI), a Nazi puppet state,[343] as well as editor-in-chief of the antisemitic and racist magazine La Difesa della Razza, which published the "Manifesto of Race" in 1938.[231][344][345] As a minister in 2009, Meloni visited Yad Vashem in Israel,[75] and she has also said as FdI party leader that her party "handed fascism over to history for decades now" and it "unambiguously condemns the suppression of democracy and the ignominious anti-Jewish laws".[1]

In November 2018, Meloni declared that the celebration of the Liberation Day, also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation from Nazi-Fascism on 25 April, and Festa della Repubblica, which celebrates the birth of the Italian Republic on 2 June, should be substituted with the National Unity and Armed Forces Day on 4 November, which commemorates Italy's victory in World War I. She said that Liberation Day and Festa della Repubblica are "two controversial celebrations".[346] Meloni has tried to distance herself from her close ties to Roberto Jonghi Lavarini,[347] a far-right Milanese politician and entrepreneur known as the "Black Baron".[348][349][350]

 
Meloni with the tricolour flame in the background, 2014

After the formation of FdI in 2012, she decided to add the tricolour flame to the party flag, a neo-fascist symbol associated with the MSI, which derived its name and ideals from the RSI.[351] The tricolour flame is said to represent Mussolini's remains, where a flame is always burning on his tomb in Predappio.[352] Heading into the 2022 general election, Segre told Pagine Ebraiche that Meloni should remove the tricolour flame from the party's logo. FdI's co-founder Ignazio La Russa rejected this view,[84] and Meloni ignored the request, keeping the tricolour flame.[353]

Observers, including historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat, David Broder, and Laurence Bertrand Dorléac,[80][255][354] said that Meloni and FdI have been ambiguous about their fascist past,[355] at times rejecting it and at other times minimising it, and that this has helped to rebrand both herself and her party.[356] Responding to the 2021 Fanpage report, she minimised the investigation and refused to remove openly neo-fascist members of FdI.[357] In December 2021, FdI's Alfredo Catapano and Luigi Rispoli were among former MSI members who did a Roman salute, which was condemned by the ANPI. Rispoli told Fanpage: "I believe in the New Right and in the efforts Giorgia Meloni is making in Brothers of Italy. It makes me wonder, frankly, this clamour."[358] Shortly before the 2022 general election, she sacked a member that openly praised Adolf Hitler.[88] FdI had also distanced itself from the Ascoli Piceno party section after it celebrated the anniversary of the March on Rome in 2019.[359]

On 25 October 2022, on the occasion of the vote of confidence of the Parliament at the government, Meloni in her speech before the deputies said: "Freedom and democracy are the distinctive elements of contemporary European civilization in which I have always recognized myself. And therefore, despite the instrumental argument of my opponents, I have never had sympathy for undemocratic regimes. For any regime, including fascism. Exactly as I have always considered the racial laws of 1938 the lowest point in Italian history, a shame that will mark our people forever".[360][361][362]

 
Meloni in Kyiv 2023

Personal life

In 2015, Meloni began a relationship with Andrea Giambruno [it], a journalist who works for Mediaset TV channels.[363] The couple has a daughter, Ginevra, born in 2016.[364][365] On 20 October 2023, Meloni announced her split with Giambruno, following his sexist and chauvinist off-air statements transmitted by the television program Striscia la notizia, including propositioning a female colleague for a threesome.[366][367][368] Meloni added that "all those who hoped to weaken [her] by attacking [her] personal life should know that however much the drop may hope to dig out the stone, the stone remains stone and the drop is only water".[369]

She is a Catholic and has used her religious identity in part to help build her national brand. In a 2019 speech to a rally in Rome, she said: "I am Giorgia. I'm a woman, I'm a mother, I'm Italian, I'm Christian."[1][370][371] Despite her Christian beliefs and championing traditional family values, Meloni defended herself not being married to her child's father.[372]

In September 2022, she reportedly continued to embrace the old Italian fascist slogan "God, fatherland and family". She has said she resents being linked to Italy's fascist past.[373]

Meloni is an avid fan of fantasy, particularly J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. As a youth activist with the Italian Social Movement (MSI), she attended the Camp Hobbit festival and sang along with the far-right folk band Compagnia dell'Anello [it], named after The Fellowship of the Ring.[374] Later, she named her political conference Atreju, after the hero of the novel The Neverending Story.[375] Meloni told The New York Times: "I think that Tolkien could say better than we can what conservatives believe in."[376] Apart from Tolkien, she is fond of British conservative philosopher Roger Scruton and has said: "If I were British I would be a Tory."[377]

In addition to her native Italian, she speaks English, French and Spanish.[378]

Forbes ranked Meloni as the seventh most powerful woman in the world in 2022,[379] and placed her fourth in 2023.[380]

Honours

Foreign honours

Electoral history

Meloni has been a member of Parliament since 2006, being most recently re-elected in 2022.[382]

Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
2006 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 1 AN –[a]  Y Elected
2008 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 PdL –[a]  Y Elected
2013 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 3 FdI –[a]  Y Elected
2014 European Parliament Central Italy FdI 99,143  N Not elected
2018 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 – Latina FdI 70,268  Y Elected
2019 European Parliament Central Italy FdI 130,159  Y Elected[b]
2022 Chamber of Deputies Abruzzo – L'Aquila FdI 104,823  Y Elected
  1. ^ a b c She was elected in a closed list proportional representation system
  2. ^ Meloni renounced her seat to remain a member of the Chamber of Deputies

First-past-the-post elections

Meloni won first-past-the-post elections for a parliamentary seat in both 2018 and 2022.[383][384]

2018 general election (C): Latina
Candidate Coalition Votes %
Giorgia Meloni Centre-right coalition 70,268 41.0
Leone Martellucci Five Star Movement 62,563 36.5
Federico Fauttilli Centre-left coalition 26,293 15.3
Others 12,269 7.2
Total 171,393 100.0
2022 general election (C): L'Aquila
Candidate Coalition Votes %
Giorgia Meloni Centre-right coalition 104,823 51.5
Rita Innocenzi Centre-left coalition 42,630 20.9
Attilio D'Andrea Five Star Movement 33,132 16.3
Others 22,998 11.3
Total 203,583 100.0

Municipal elections

Meloni lost the municipal election to become mayor of Rome in 2016.[385]

2016 municipal election: Rome
Candidate Coalition Votes % Votes %
Virginia Raggi Five Star Movement 461,190 35.3 770,564 67.2
Roberto Giachetti Centre-left coalition 325,835 24.9 376,935 32.8
Giorgia Meloni Centre-right coalition 269,760 20.6
Others 251,160 19.2
Total 1,307,945 100.0 1,147,499 100.0

Bibliography

  • Meloni, Giorgia (2011). Podda, Stefano (ed.). Noi crediamo [We believe]. Saggi (in Italian). Milan: it:Sperling & Kupfer. ISBN 978-8-8200-4932-4. OCLC 898518765 – via Google Books.
  • Meloni, Giorgia; Meluzzi, Alessandro; Mercurio, Valentina (2019). Mafia nigeriana. Origini, rituali, crimini [Nigerian mafia. Origins, rituals, crimes]. I saggi (in Italian). Mantova: Oligo Editore. ISBN 978-8-8857-2325-2. Retrieved 14 August 2022 – via Google Books.
  • Meloni, Giorgia (2021). Io sono Giorgia, le mie radici, le mie idee [I am Giorgia, my roots, my ideas]. Saggi (in Italian). Rome: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-8-8171-5468-0 – via Google Books.
  • Madron, Paolo; Bisignani, Luigi (2023). I potenti al tempo di Giorgia [The powerful in Giorgia's time]. Saggi (in Italian). Milan: Chiarelettere. ISBN 978-8-8329-6633-6 – via Google Books.

See also

References

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  257. ^
February 15, 2024
giorgia, meloni, italian, ˈdʒordʒa, meˈloːni, born, january, 1977, italian, politician, been, serving, prime, minister, italy, since, october, 2022, first, woman, hold, this, position, member, chamber, deputies, since, 2006, brothers, italy, political, party, . Giorgia Meloni Italian ˈdʒordʒa meˈloːni born 15 January 1977 is an Italian politician who has been serving as the prime minister of Italy since October 2022 the first woman to hold this position A member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2006 she has led the Brothers of Italy FdI political party since 2014 and she has been the president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party since 2020 Giorgia MeloniOfficial portrait 2023Prime Minister of ItalyIncumbentAssumed office 22 October 2022PresidentSergio MattarellaDeputyAntonio TajaniMatteo SalviniPreceded byMario DraghiPresident of Brothers of ItalyIncumbentAssumed office 8 March 2014Preceded byIgnazio La RussaPresident of the European Conservatives and Reformists PartyIncumbentAssumed office 29 September 2020Preceded byJan ZahradilMinister of YouthIn office 8 May 2008 16 November 2011Prime MinisterSilvio BerlusconiPreceded byGiovanna MelandriSucceeded byAndrea RiccardiMember of the Chamber of DeputiesIncumbentAssumed office 28 April 2006ConstituencySee list Lazio 1 2006 2008 Lazio 2 2008 2013 Lombardy 3 2013 2018 Latina 2018 2022 L Aquila since 2022 Personal detailsBorn 1977 01 15 15 January 1977 age 47 Rome Lazio ItalyPolitical partyFdI since 2012 Other politicalaffiliationsMSI 1992 1995 AN 1995 2009 PdL 2009 2012 Domestic partnerAndrea Giambruno 2015 2023 Children1SignatureWebsiteGovernment websitePersonal websiteIn 1992 Meloni joined the Youth Front the youth wing of the Italian Social Movement MSI a neo fascist political party founded in 1946 by former followers of Italian fascism She later became the national leader of Student Action the student movement of the National Alliance AN a post fascist party that became the MSI s legal successor in 1995 and moved towards national conservatism She was a councillor of the Province of Rome from 1998 to 2002 after which she became the president of Youth Action the youth wing of AN In 2008 she was appointed Italian Minister of Youth in the fourth Berlusconi government a role which she held until 2011 In 2012 she co founded FdI a legal successor to AN and became its president in 2014 She unsuccessfully ran in the 2014 European Parliament election and the 2016 Rome municipal election After the 2018 Italian general election she led FdI in opposition during the entire 18th Italian legislature FdI grew its popularity in opinion polls particularly during the management of the COVID 19 pandemic in Italy by the Draghi Cabinet a national unity government to which FdI was the only opposition party Following the fall of the Draghi government FdI won the 2022 Italian general election A right wing populist and nationalist her political positions have been described as far right She describes herself as a Christian and a conservative and she claims to defend God fatherland and family She is opposed to euthanasia same sex marriage and LGBT parenting saying that nuclear families are exclusively headed by male female pairs Her discourse includes femonationalist rhetoric and criticism of globalism Meloni supports a naval blockade to halt immigration and she has been accused of xenophobia and Islamophobia A supporter of NATO she maintains Eurosceptic views regarding the European Union which she describes as Eurorealist and was in favour of better relations with Russia before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine after which she pledged to keep sending arms to Ukraine Meloni has expressed controversial views such as in 2020 when she praised Giorgio Almirante a chief of cabinet in Mussolini s Italian Social Republic who produced racist propaganda and co founded the MSI In 2023 Meloni was the fourth on Forbes s list of most powerful women in the world Contents 1 Early life 1 1 Education and early political activism 2 Political career 2 1 Minister of Youth 2 2 Leader of Brothers of Italy 2 3 2022 Italian general election 3 Prime Minister of Italy 3 1 Government formation 3 2 Domestic policies 3 3 Constitutional reform 3 4 Foreign policy 4 Political positions 4 1 Social issues 4 2 Feminism 4 3 Immigration and multiculturalism 4 4 Foreign issues 4 5 COVID 19 pandemic and vaccines 4 6 Relationship with fascism 5 Personal life 6 Honours 6 1 Foreign honours 7 Electoral history 7 1 First past the post elections 7 2 Municipal elections 8 Bibliography 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksEarly lifeGiorgia Meloni was born in Rome on 15 January 1977 1 2 Her father Francesco Meloni was from Rome born to radio director Nino Meloni from Sardinia and actress Zoe Incrocci from Lombardy 3 and her mother Anna nee Paratore is from Sicily Her father was a tax advisor and according to some political profiles had communist sympathies and voted for the Italian Communist Party while her mother later became a novelist 4 5 6 Her father abandoned the family in 1978 when she was one year old moving to the Canary Islands and remarrying Meloni has four step siblings from her father s second marriage 7 Seventeen years later in 1995 he was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to nine years in a Spanish prison He last contacted Meloni in 2006 when she became the Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies 8 9 Legal documents have recently revealed a controversial indirect economic link through a network of real estate companies in which the ex wife Anna Paratore mother of Giorgia Meloni was a partner at various times 10 11 Meloni was raised in the working class district of Garbatella in Rome moving there after the more affluent home she had first lived in as an infant with her parents was destroyed in a house fire a few years after her father left Her upbringing has been described by her family as impoverished 4 In her autobiography Meloni wrote that her childhood and her family s breakdown influenced her political outlook 6 12 7 13 Meloni has a sister Arianna who was born in 1975 and is married to Francesco Lollobrigida 14 the Italian Minister of Agriculture since 22 October 2022 15 Education and early political activism In 1992 at 15 years of age Meloni joined the Youth Front the youth wing of the Italian Social Movement MSI a neo fascist political party that dissolved in 1995 1 During this time she founded the student coordination Gli Antenati The Ancestors which took part in the protest against the public education reform promoted by minister Rosa Russo Iervolino 16 In 1996 she became the national leader of Student Action the student movement of the post fascist National Alliance AN the national conservative heir of the MSI representing this movement in the Student Associations Forum established by the Italian Ministry of Education 17 In 1998 after winning the primary election Meloni was elected as a councillor of the Province of Rome holding this position until 2002 She was elected national director in 2000 and became the first woman president of Youth Action the AN youth wing in 2004 18 During these years she worked as a nanny waitress and bartender at the Piper Club it fr one of the most famous night clubs in Rome 19 20 Meloni graduated from l Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci 21 22 in 1996 2 23 After her election to the Italian Parliament in 2006 she declared in her curriculum vitae that she obtained a high school diploma in languages with the final mark of 60 60 and Diploma di liceo linguistico Giornalista 24 This created some controversy as l Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci 21 22 was not a foreign language high school and was not qualified to issue any diploma in languages instead it was a Hospitality Institute see Istituto tecnico it specialised in issuing professional diplomas for job titles such as chef waiter entertainer tour guide hostess depending on the course of studies chosen by the student It is unknown what course of studies Giorgia Meloni selected at l Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci 22 21 Giorgia Meloni mentioned the Hospitality Institute she attended became the Centro di Formazione Professionale Ernesto Nathan issuing diplomas in foreign languages However training Centers are not allowed to issue diplomas The Ernesto Nathan Professional Trainin Center issues qualifications in beautician and hairdresser 25 Political careerMinister of Youth nbsp Portrait of Giorgia Meloni as MP in 2008In the 2006 Italian general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the National Alliance AN where she became its youngest ever vice president 26 In the same year she started to work as a journalist 27 In 2006 Meloni defended the laws passed by the third Berlusconi government that benefited companies of the prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi and also delayed ongoing trials involving him Meloni stated it is necessary to contextualise them Those are laws that Silvio Berlusconi made for himself But they are perfectly fair laws 28 In 2008 at 31 years old she was appointed Italian Minister of Youth in the fourth Berlusconi government a position she held until 16 November 2011 when Berlusconi was forced to resign as the prime minister amid a financial crisis and public protests 29 She was the second youngest ever minister in the history of united Italy 30 In August 2008 she invited Italian athletes to boycott the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games in disagreement with the Chinese policy implemented towards Tibet this statement was criticised by Berlusconi as well as the foreign affairs minister Franco Frattini 31 In 2009 her party merged with Forza Italia FI into The People of Freedom PdL and she took over the presidency of the united party s youth section called Young Italy 30 In the same year she voted in favour of a decree law against euthanasia 32 In November 2010 on behalf of the ministry she presented a 300 million euro package called the Right to the Future It was aimed at investing in young people and contained five initiatives including incentives for new entrepreneurs bonuses in favour of temporary workers and loans for deserving students 33 In November 2012 she announced her bid to contest the PdL leadership against Angelino Alfano in opposition to the party s support of the Monti government After the cancellation of the primaries she teamed up with fellow politicians Ignazio La Russa and Guido Crosetto to set out an anti Monti policy asking for renewal within the party and being also critical of the leadership of Berlusconi 34 35 Leader of Brothers of Italy In December 2012 Meloni La Russa and Crosetto founded a new political movement Brothers of Italy FdI whose name comes from the words of the Italian national anthem 36 37 38 In the 2013 Italian general election she stood as part of Berlusconi s centre right coalition and received 2 0 of the vote and 9 seats 39 She was re elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Lombardy and was later appointed the party s leader in the house a position that she would hold until 2014 when she resigned to dedicate herself to the party She was succeeded by Fabio Rampelli 40 nbsp Meloni with Guido Crosetto during an FdI rally in 2014In March 2014 she became president of FdI and in April she was nominated for the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy as the leader of the FdI in all five constituencies FdI party obtained 3 7 of the votes not exceeding the threshold of 4 and she did not become a Member of the European Parliament 41 42 she received 348 700 votes 43 On 4 November 2015 she founded Our Land a conservative political committee in support of her campaigns 44 Our Land was a parallel organisation to FdI 45 and aimed at enlarging FdI s popular base 46 On 30 January 2016 she participated in the Family Day an anti LGBT rights demonstration declaring herself against LGBT adoption At the same Family Day she announced that she was pregnant her daughter Ginevra was born on 16 September 47 In the 2016 Rome municipal election in June she ran for mayor with the support of Us with Salvini a political party led by Matteo Salvini and in opposition to the candidate supported by Berlusconi s Forza Italia FI Alfio Marchini In May 2016 she promised to name a street after Giorgio Almirante if elected causing controversy among the local Jewish community and the anti fascist ANPI 48 Meloni won 20 6 of the vote almost twice that of FI s candidate but she did not qualify for the run off while FdI obtained 12 3 of the vote 49 nbsp Meloni with Matteo Salvini centre and Silvio Berlusconi right in 2018During the campaign for the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum on the reform promoted by the Renzi government Meloni founded the No Thanks committee and participated in numerous television debates including one against the then prime minister Matteo Renzi 50 As No won with almost 60 of the votes on 4 December Meloni called for snap elections When Renzi resigned the next day she withheld confidence from the next government led by Paolo Gentiloni on 12 December 51 52 The 2 3 December 2017 congress of FdI in Trieste saw the re election of Meloni as president of the party as well as a renewal of the party logo and the joining of Daniela Santanche a long time right wing politician 53 As party leader she decided to form the alliance with the League Lega led by Salvini launching several political campaigns with him against the centre left government led by the Democratic Party PD placing FdI in Eurosceptic and right wing populist positions 54 In the 2018 Italian general election FdI stood as part of the centre right coalition 55 with Berlusconi s FI Salvini s Lega and Raffaele Fitto s Us with Italy 56 Meloni s party obtained 4 4 of the vote and more than three times the seats won in 2013 57 She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the single member constituency of Latina Lazio with 41 of the vote 58 The centre right coalition in which the League emerged as the main political force won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies as no political group or party won an outright majority it resulted in a hung parliament 59 nbsp Giorgia Meloni at consultations with President Sergio Mattarella in 2019On 19 October 2019 she participated in the Italian Pride rally in Rome against the newly formed second Conte government In her speech she criticised the proposal to replace on the Italian identity cards of minors the wording father and mother with parent 1 and parent 2 concluding with the slogan I am Giorgia I m a woman I m a mother I m Italian I m Christian 1 This slogan was remixed by two Milanese DJs becoming a disco trash catchphrase with millions of views imitations and memes on social media even winning a gold disc 60 By her own admission in her autobiography the media and viral success of the remixed music video having lost the original satirical intention in favour of the LGBT community with which it had been created greatly increased her popularity as a politician who she said was suddenly transformed from a boring politician into a curious pop phenomenon 61 In February 2021 she joined the Aspen Institute 62 63 an international think tank headquartered in Washington D C 64 65 which includes many financiers businessmen and politicians such as Giulio Tremonti 66 67 68 On 19 February 2021 the University of Siena professor Giovanni Gozzini insulted Meloni calling her vulgar names from a radio both the president Sergio Mattarella and the prime minister Mario Draghi phoned Meloni and stigmatised Gozzini who was suspended by the board of his university 69 70 nbsp Giorgia Meloni at CPAC 2022 in FloridaIn October 2021 Meloni signed the Madrid Charter 71 a 2020 document that describes left wing groups as enemies of Ibero America involved in a criminal project that are under the umbrella of the Cuban regime 72 It was drafted by Vox a Spanish ultranationalist party She also took part at Vox s party congress 73 where she said Yes to the natural family No to the LGBT lobby yes to sexual identity No to gender ideology No to Islamist violence yes to secure borders No to mass migration no to big international finance no to the bureaucrats of Brussels 74 75 In February 2022 Meloni spoke at the annual Conservative Political Action Conference in Florida She told the attending American conservative activists and officials they must defend their views against progressives 76 2022 Italian general election Heading into the 2022 Italian general election a snap election that was called after the 2022 Italian government crisis 77 78 it was agreed among the centre right coalition that the leader of the party receiving the most votes would be put forward as the prime minister candidate 79 As of July 2022 FdI was the first party in the coalition according to opinion polling 80 81 and she was widely expected to become Prime Minister of Italy if the centre right coalition obtained an absolute majority in Parliament which would be the most right wing government in the history of the Italian Republic according to some academics 82 In an attempt to moderate herself to placate fears among those who describe FdI as neo fascist or far right 83 including fears within the European Commission that she could lead Italy towards Hungary under Viktor Orban 84 Meloni told the foreign press that Italian fascism is history As president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party since 2020 85 she said she shared the experiences and values of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom Likud in Israel and the Republican Party in the United States 86 Critics were sceptical of her claims citing her speeches on immigration and LGBT rights 87 88 She campaigned for lower taxes less European bureaucracy and a halt to immigration through a naval blockade 89 90 saying she would put national interests first 91 92 93 nbsp Meloni and the other prominent members of the centre right coalition at the Quirinal Palace in October 2022In a record low voter turnout election 94 exit polls projected that the centre right coalition would win a majority of seats in the 2022 general election 74 95 96 Meloni was projected to be the winner of the election with FdI receiving a plurality of seats 97 and per agreement with the centre right coalition which held that the largest party in the coalition would nominate the next prime minister 98 she was the frontrunner and would become the country s first female prime minister 99 100 The PD head of the centre left coalition conceded defeat shortly after the exit polls 101 and Hungary s Orban Poland s Mateusz Morawiecki United Kingdom s Liz Truss and Marine Le Pen former leader of National Rally RN in France congratulated Meloni 102 European radical right parties and leaders such as Alternative for Germany and Vox also celebrated Meloni s results 103 After many years of absence from politics Gianfranco Fini former leader of the MSI and AN during the early years of Meloni s political career expressed satisfaction for her victory said he had voted for her party and described her as an anti fascist 104 105 despite her rejection of the label which she considers to be political 106 107 108 Observers have debated how right wing a Meloni led government would be and which label and position on the political spectrum would be more accurate or realistic Many variously described it as Italy s first far right led government since World War II 103 109 and Meloni as the first far right leader since Benito Mussolini and some academics also described it as the most right wing government since 1945 110 111 Many questioned its direction citing Berlusconi s and Salvini s Russian ties 112 in contrast to Meloni s Atlanticism 99 Others such as Sky News while citing Meloni s and her party s neo fascist roots disagreed with the far right label and said Giorgia Meloni is not a fascist 113 114 Steve Sedwick of CNBC summarised the discussion saying Have we got a centre right coalition have we got a right coalition have we got a far right coalition or have we got a fascist coalition I have seen all four printed depending on who you read 115 Prime Minister of ItalyMain article Meloni government Government formation Main article 2022 Italian government formation nbsp Meloni accepting the task of forming a new governmentImmediately after the first meeting of the new legislature tensions began to grow within the centre right coalition On 13 October Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa FdI s candidacy to be President of the Senate of the Republic He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre right coalition 116 117 118 Tensions further grew in particular between Berlusconi and Meloni whom Berlusconi described as patronising overbearing arrogant and offensive in a series of written notes in the Senate 119 120 In the following days after meetings between parties leader tensions loosened and the centre right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet 121 On 20 October consultations between President Sergio Mattarella and parties officially began On the following day delegates from FdI the League FI and Civics of Italy Us Moderates MAIE announced to Mattarella they had reached an agreement to form a coalition government with Meloni as Prime Minister 122 123 In the afternoon Mattarella summoned Meloni to the Quirinal Palace asking her to form a new government 124 She accepted the task and on the same day announced the composition of her cabinet which was officially sworn in on 22 October 125 126 127 She is the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy 128 129 130 On 25 October Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies before the confidence vote on her cabinet 131 132 During her speech she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government 133 She thanked several Italian women including Tina Anselmi Samantha Cristoforetti Grazia Deledda Oriana Fallaci Nilde Iotti Rita Levi Montalcini and Maria Montessori who she said with the boards of their own examples built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads 134 135 The government won the confidence vote with a comfortable majority in both houses 136 137 Domestic policies nbsp Meloni during a press conference in 2022One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID 19 and concerned with the complete removal of the COVID 19 vaccination certificate known in Italy as the Green Pass moreover non vaccinated doctors were re integrated into service 138 By this time the government s workforce vaccination mandate had been in place for over one year rendering the edict largely symbolic On 31 October the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies 139 Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties the law was applicable to any illegal gathering that the public authority deemed dangerous which garnered criticism 140 including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini 141 The decree also caused a lot of protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations and was also contested by FI 142 143 144 According to Amnesty International the decree risked undermining the right to peaceful protest 145 The Meloni government has rejected the accusations and announced that it will accept minor changes to the text in Parliament 146 147 In the first weeks after taking office Meloni implemented stricter policies than previous governments regarding the fight against illegal immigration 148 From an economic point of view Meloni and her government have decided to prevent the increase in energy prices in continuity with her predecessor Mario Draghi by lowering prices giving subsidies to families and businesses and making new drilling decisions in the Italian seas to increase national gas production The government decided also to increase the cash ceiling from 2 000 to 5 000 149 nbsp Giorgia Meloni with President Sergio Mattarella in March 2023On 26 February 2023 a boat carrying migrants sank amidst harsh weather conditions while trying to land on the coast of Steccato di Cutro near Crotone in the region of Calabria The boat was carrying between 143 and 200 migrants when it sank of whom at least 86 died including 12 children becoming one of the deadliest naval disasters in recent years 150 Meloni expressed her deep sorrow for the many human lives torn away by human traffickers and condemned the exchange of migrants lives for the price of a ticket paid by them in the false prospect for a safe voyage 151 On 1 March 2023 the new leader of the Democratic Party Elly Schlein as well as More Europe and Greens and Left Alliance asked for the resignation of interior minister Matteo Piantedosi 152 nbsp Meloni and Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during a visit in the flooded area of Emilia RomagnaIn May 2023 the government had to face severe floods which affected Emilia Romagna region 153 killing 17 people and displacing 50 000 others 154 155 156 The provisional cost of the damage caused by the floods amounts to more than 10 billion US 11 billion 157 158 On 23 May Italy s Council of Ministers officially announced the approval of the first law decree in response to the emergency an estimated 2 billion recovery package that was aimed to public and private businesses schools universities museums and farm workers among other categories 159 160 161 On 25 May Meloni and Ursula von der Leyen the president of the European Commission visited the flooded areas along with Bonaccini Meloni underlined the strong spirit of the Romagnol people stating Usually when you lose everything the prevailing feeling is anger blame seeking or resignation In Emilia Romagna I found people shoveling mud with pride in their eyes saying all right we have a problem but we will solve it we will rebuild 162 After weeks of tension within the government and between majority and opposition parties 163 164 165 on 27 June 2023 the Meloni cabinet officially appointed army corps general Francesco Paolo Figliuolo as Extraordinary Commissioner for the Reconstruction 166 Constitutional reform In late December 2022 Meloni announced that Elisabetta Casellati Minister for Constitutional Reforms would meet with the opposition parties to officially begin the roadmap towards a constitutional reform to strengthen the powers of the Prime Minister even if the coalition s electoral program comprehended only the direct election of the President 167 On 3 November 2023 Meloni officially presented the reform which provided the direct election of the Prime Minister the so called premierato and a new electoral law which gave 55 of parliamentary seats in both houses to the coalition that arrives first in the general election 168 Following new legislation in Italy passed by the Meloni government only a child s biological parent can be named on their birth certificate 169 Foreign policy Main article List of international prime ministerial trips made by Giorgia Meloni nbsp Meloni with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in March 2023The first foreign leader met by Meloni was the French president Emmanuel Macron who was in Rome on 23 October to meet President Mattarella and the Pope and had a bilateral meeting with Meloni primarily focused on the ongoing energy crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 170 On 3 November Meloni met European Union EU leaders such as Ursula von der Leyen Charles Michel Paolo Gentiloni Roberta Metsola and other politicians in Brussels 171 On 7 November Meloni took part in her first international summit the United Nations COP27 in Sharm El Sheik Egypt During her speech Meloni stated Italy remains strongly convinced of its commitment to decarbonisation in compliance with the Paris Agreement We must diversify energy suppliers in close collaboration with African countries 172 During the conference the prime minister also had a bilateral meeting with the Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el Sisi 173 In the following week Meloni participated in the G20 summit in Bali Indonesia 174 where she had her first bilateral meeting with the U S President Joe Biden on 15 November 175 176 nbsp Meloni and other leaders at the NATO Summit in Vilnius in July 2023In January 2023 Meloni visited Algeria where she met president Abdelmadjid Tebboune with whom she signed a deal regarding gas supply to Italy 177 Thanks to this deal Algeria will become Italy s largest gas supplier 178 On 22 February 2023 Meloni visited Ukraine and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to discuss about the ongoing Russian invasion Meloni also visited Bucha in the suburbs of Kyiv where the Russian forces killed more than 400 Ukrainians in March 2022 179 Meloni stressed that Ukraine can count on Italy adding we have been with Ukraine from the beginning and will be until the end 180 She is an ally of Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and has praised Poland s support for Ukraine and Poland s acceptance of large numbers of Ukrainian refugees 181 On 2 March 2023 Meloni visited India where she met Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu 182 During a press conference Meloni praised Modi and his policies describing him as the most loved leader in the world 183 In March 2023 she hosted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Rome 184 185 In April 2023 Meloni had a state visit in Ethiopia where she met Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud In Addis Ababa Meloni announced the so called Mattei Plan by the Italian government regarding investments in the African continent 186 187 Meloni was the first Western head of state to visit Ethiopia since the end of the Tigray War 188 During the visit she also had a bilateral meeting with the chair of the African Union Commission Moussa Faki 189 In May 2023 Meloni attended the 49th G7 summit in Hiroshima Japan On 16 July Prime Minister Meloni along with President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte travelled to Tunis in order to sign an agreement with President Kais Saied regarding the strengthening of the economic partnership between Europe and Tunisia the European diplomatic support for the disbursement of the loan from IMF and especially the fight against irregular migration flows 190 She considered withdrawing from China s Belt and Road Initiative 191 nbsp Meloni with President Joe Biden at the White House in July 2023In July 2023 she had a state trip to the United States On 27 July Meloni visited the U S Capitol where she met with Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell Later she met with U S President Joe Biden at the White House where they discussed about many issues including Ukraine China and Africa They also talked about the strengthening of economic exchange between the two countries trade relations between Europe and U S security policies and the forthcoming G7 Italian presidency 192 During the 2023 Israel Hamas war Meloni stated her support for Israel s full right to defend itself in accordance with international law and to live in peace 193 Political positionsObservers have described Meloni s political positions as far right 194 195 in August 2018 Friedel Taube wrote in Deutsche Welle that Giorgia Meloni has a long history in far right politics 196 In a July 2022 interview with Nicholas Farrell of The Spectator Meloni rejected descriptions of her politics as far right calling it a smear campaign by her opponents and cited British conservative philosopher Roger Scruton as one of her influences 197 She has described herself as a mainstream conservative 198 199 Additionally Meloni has been described as hard right 200 right wing populist 201 202 and nationalist 203 204 205 Meloni has been described as being close to Viktor Orban the Prime Minister of Hungary and leader of Fidesz 206 207 and Rishi Sunak the British Prime Minister and Conservatives leader 208 209 Furthermore she has been linked with the Vox political party in Spain 210 211 representatives of the Law and Justice party in Poland 212 213 and the Republican Party in the United States 214 215 216 Meloni has self described her political party Brothers of Italy FdI as a mainstream conservative party 217 and she has downplayed its post fascist roots 96 218 She is in favour of presidentialism and supports changes to the Constitution of Italy 1 Social issues nbsp Giorgia Meloni speaking at a Vox rally in Malaga SpainMeloni opposes abortion euthanasia and laws that recognise same sex marriage and describes herself as pro family 219 220 221 She has said she wouldn t change the abortion law in Italy but wanted to apply more fully the part of the law about prevention such as permitting doctors to refuse to carry them out conscientious objection to abortion 222 223 She also stated that the recognition of same sex unions in Italy is good enough 224 225 and she said it was something she would not change 226 in 2016 while she said she would respect the law if elected mayor of Rome she had supported a referendum to abrogate the civil union law 227 228 At a rally at the Piazza del Popolo in October 2019 she spoke against same sex parenting her speech became viral on Italian social media platforms 229 During a February 2016 interview to Le Iene an Italian television show she had also said that she would rather not have a gay child 230 231 232 Meloni has opposed the 1993 Mancino law it a hate speech law 13 She is opposed to the DDL Zan an anti homophobia law that would expand the Mancino law to cover LGBT discrimination declaring in 2020 that there is no homophobia in Italy 233 She is also opposed to surrogacy which is pejoratively known in Italian as utero in affitto uterus renting 234 235 and she has pushed in Parliament for a law to make it a universal crime her efforts have been endorsed by the Catholic Church and by Pope Francis himself 236 225 237 Meloni is supportive of the anti gender movement based on Catholic theology in the 1990s that condemns gender studies and she is sceptical of what she calls gender ideology 238 239 she says it is being taught in schools 240 241 242 and that it attacks female identity and motherhood 243 She is supportive of changing the Constitution of Italy to make it illegal for same sex couples to adopt children 244 In March 2018 she criticised The Walt Disney Company for the decision to represent a gay couple in the musical fantasy film Frozen II On Facebook she wrote Enough We are sick of it Take your hands off the children 245 246 247 Feminism nbsp Meloni at the European Council in March 2023In her 2011 book We Believe Meloni wrote I am a right wing woman and I proudly support women s issues In recent years we have had to suffer contempt and racism by feminists Perhaps as far as feminism is conceived in this way it is more a question of ideology than of gender and substance 248 She is opposed to pink quotas and has denied being anti women as accused by some critics 249 250 251 Giorgia Serughetti a political philosopher and author of The Conservative Wind said that femonationalism is working for Meloni 220 The possibility of Meloni becoming the first woman to become Prime Minister of Italy had been widely discussed both prior to and after the 2022 Italian general election Some women did not see this as a victory due to her political positions while others saw it at least partly in a positive light and a few others called her a feminist despite Meloni s rejection of the label 252 Prior to the election former U S Secretary of State Hillary Clinton commented The election of the first woman prime minister in a country always represents a break with the past and that is certainly a good thing 253 254 This prompted a response from some critics and observers including historians Ruth Ben Ghiat and David Broder Ben Ghiat wrote Meloni would also represent continuity with Italy s darkest episode 255 For her part Meloni declared herself ready to govern and criticised feminists 256 Immigration and multiculturalism nbsp Meloni with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and other leaders at the International Conference on Development and Migration in Rome 23 July 2023Meloni has criticised Italy s approach towards illegal immigrants 257 calling for a zero tolerance policy and she wants to blockade migrants from reaching Italian ports 90 and boost the birth rate of Italian nationals to ease the need for migrant labour 258 She is opposed to birthright citizenship proposals which would give citizenship including education rights to foreigners born and living in Italy 259 She has linked illegal immigration and crime and refugee arrivals to human trafficking and prostitution 114 Amid the 2022 escalation of the Russo Ukrainian War Meloni said she supported to give refugee status to those coming from a war shaken country but not to asylum seekers She said It s time to call things by their name to give refugee status to those fleeing war women and children perhaps doing the opposite with those who aren t refugees 260 In August 2022 she reposted a pixelated video on Twitter that shows a woman being raped by an asylum seeker 261 The victim of the violence decried the publication of the video and said she was recognised by the video posted 262 After receiving backlash Meloni defended herself by accusing other politicians of not having condemned the rape itself 263 264 Meloni has blamed neo colonialism for Africa s underdevelopment and the 2015 European migrant crisis and she said she favours co operation over what she termed France s neocolonialism 265 She has been considered as opposed to the reception of migrants 266 267 268 as well as to multiculturalism 269 270 and she has been accused of making xenophobic statements 271 272 273 as well as of Islamophobia 195 274 275 In 2018 she said she would welcome Venezuelans saying they are Christians and often of Italian origins 276 She has often criticised George Soros and what she terms globalists at times reflecting the views of Soros conspiracy theories 255 277 once saying When you are a slave you act in Soros s interests 278 She has endorsed the Great Replacement a white nationalist conspiracy theory 255 279 She also believes there is a planned mass migration from Africa to Europe for the purpose of replacing and eliminating Italians an antisemitic white genocide and far right conspiracy theory known as the Kalergi Plan 280 281 282 She has described pro immigration policies as part of an alleged left wing conspiracy to replace Italians with immigrants 259 In January 2017 she called immigration to Italy ethnic substitution 259 nbsp Meloni with Mark Rutte Ursula von der Leyen and Kais Saied signing a pact of aids toward Tunisia and an agreement against illegal immigrationMeloni complained about the danger of ethnic substitution also in her 2019 book on the Nigerian mafia 283 284 co written with Alessandro Meluzzi it anti vax psychiatrist founder of the Anti Islamisation Party and at the time primate of a schismatic Italian Orthodox Church 285 286 287 Along with other white supremacist stereotypes the book argues that a project is underway to change the European ethnicity and create Eurafrica that the Nigerian mafia is the product of local cultures that practice ritual murder and cannibalism and that the corpses of white people are very appreciated by the Yoruba who are said to be engaged in the trade of human flesh and organs 283 284 In 2023 amidst an unprecedented migration crisis she asserted that Europe and Italy need immigration and that only illegal immigration must be fought in favor of legal immigration 288 289 Meloni tried to make a deal with Tunisian President Kais Saied with a focus on stopping illegal migration from Tunisia to Europe In September 2023 more than 120 boats carrying around 7 000 migrants from Africa arrived on the Italian island of Lampedusa within 24 hours increasing the volume handled by the local migration reception center by 15 times and leading to the migrants outnumbering the island s native population 290 Meloni declared that she wrote to the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen to ask her to come with me to Lampedusa to personally realize the gravity of the situation we face and to immediately accelerate the implementation of the agreement with Tunisia by transferring the agreed resources 291 Foreign issues nbsp Meloni with French president Emmanuel Macron in 2022Meloni followed the PdL party line in favour of the 2011 military intervention in Libya however in 2019 she criticised the French rationale for the intervention stating it was because of Muammar Gaddafi s opposition to the CFA franc 292 293 She was critical of Italian relations with Saudi Arabia and Qatar stating that these countries systematically and deliberately spread fundamentalist theories that are the main causes of the growth of Islamic fundamentalism 294 She opposed the decision to host the Supercoppa Italiana final in Saudi Arabia and stated that Italy should actively raise the issue of human rights in Saudi Arabia 295 However upon taking office Meloni reversed her position with her government stating it was keen to maintain the excellent relationship with Saudi Arabia yet still calling for a firm reaction against Qatar to which several Italians were accused of involvement in Qatargate 296 Similarly in 2021 Meloni stated her party denounced the authoritarian Islamist direction Erdogan s Turkey has taken for years and asked the EU to withdraw Ankara s status as a candidate country 297 but upon taking office pursued closer ties with the Turkish government due to Italy s interests in Libya cooperation in stopping migration shared nationalist values and common disagreement with French foreign policy 298 Meloni advocated for the expulsion of the Indian Ambassador to Italy as a result of the Enrica Lexie case 299 and she urged Alessandro Del Piero to refuse to play in the Indian Super League until the detained Italian marines were returned 300 Following the Asia Bibi blasphemy case Meloni criticised what she called the silence of the West and advocated a stronger stance by the international community against human rights violations in Pakistan 301 nbsp Meloni with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in 2022Prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine she was in favour of better relations with Russia and supported lifting sanctions on the Russian Federation in 2014 302 In 2018 she congratulated Vladimir Putin for his re election as president 303 In her 2021 biography book she wrote that Russia under Putin defends European values and Christian identity 304 She has since condemned the invasion and pledged to keep sending arms to Ukraine 305 and moved towards Atlanticism 306 307 308 In September 2022 she said that Russia s annexation of four partially occupied provinces in south eastern Ukraine has no legal and political value 309 She is supportive of NATO 310 although she maintains Eurosceptic views towards the EU 311 312 313 having also previously advocated a withdrawal from the eurozone 314 315 nbsp Meloni with Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2023She rejects the Eurosceptic label favouring the Eurorealism of a confederal Europe of sovereign nations 316 A critic of China she is a supporter of closer ties between Italy and Taiwan 317 She is a controversial figure in Croatia due to her Italian irredentist statements in which she claimed Dalmatia and Istria and for being opposed to Croatian entry into the EU due to the unresolved dispute concerning properties of exiled Italians after World War II from these two Croatian regions 318 319 In 2018 she praised Iran and Lebanese militant group Hezbollah as protectors of Syrian Christians in the Syrian Civil War 320 In 2014 she condemned another massacre of children in Gaza during the Gaza War between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas 321 but later changed her stance and became a supporter of closer relations with Israel 322 However unlike Matteo Salvini she is opposed to moving the Italian Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem 323 She never apologized to African nations for wrongs committed during the Italian colonial period 324 but is vocally critical of the legacy of the French colonial empire in Africa arguing that France continues to exploit its former colonies through the CFA Franc 325 COVID 19 pandemic and vaccines Meloni has exhibited support for vaccine hesitancy such as not vaccinating her daughter during the COVID 19 pandemic in Italy because it s not a religion 326 327 328 She has been criticised due to her statements on vaccines and COVID 19 stating the probability of someone aged 0 19 dying from COVID 19 was the same as being struck by lightning 329 330 After her party won the 2022 Italian general election they pledged to review the positions taken by the Italian government during the COVID 19 pandemic and end the COVID 19 vaccine mandate in place for health care workers 331 Relationship with fascism During her political career Meloni has expressed statements that generated controversy 332 In an interview to the French newscast Soir 3 when she was 19 333 she praised Italian dictator Benito Mussolini as a good politician in that everything he did he did for Italy 334 335 336 and as the best politician of the last 50 years 337 In January 2020 there was some controversy after Meloni and the comune of Verona supported naming a street after Giorgio Almirante Meloni and the comune also supported giving Liliana Segre a Holocaust survivor and senator for life honorary citizenship Segre said that she and Almirante are incompatible and the comune had to make a choice 338 339 In May 2020 Meloni praised Almirante as a great politician as well as a patriot 340 341 342 He was the co founder of the Italian Social Movement MSI who had a long post war political career until retiring in 1987 During World War II he was a wartime collaborator as a civil minister of the Italian Social Republic RSI a Nazi puppet state 343 as well as editor in chief of the antisemitic and racist magazine La Difesa della Razza which published the Manifesto of Race in 1938 231 344 345 As a minister in 2009 Meloni visited Yad Vashem in Israel 75 and she has also said as FdI party leader that her party handed fascism over to history for decades now and it unambiguously condemns the suppression of democracy and the ignominious anti Jewish laws 1 In November 2018 Meloni declared that the celebration of the Liberation Day also known as the Anniversary of Italy s Liberation from Nazi Fascism on 25 April and Festa della Repubblica which celebrates the birth of the Italian Republic on 2 June should be substituted with the National Unity and Armed Forces Day on 4 November which commemorates Italy s victory in World War I She said that Liberation Day and Festa della Repubblica are two controversial celebrations 346 Meloni has tried to distance herself from her close ties to Roberto Jonghi Lavarini 347 a far right Milanese politician and entrepreneur known as the Black Baron 348 349 350 nbsp Meloni with the tricolour flame in the background 2014After the formation of FdI in 2012 she decided to add the tricolour flame to the party flag a neo fascist symbol associated with the MSI which derived its name and ideals from the RSI 351 The tricolour flame is said to represent Mussolini s remains where a flame is always burning on his tomb in Predappio 352 Heading into the 2022 general election Segre told Pagine Ebraiche that Meloni should remove the tricolour flame from the party s logo FdI s co founder Ignazio La Russa rejected this view 84 and Meloni ignored the request keeping the tricolour flame 353 Observers including historians Ruth Ben Ghiat David Broder and Laurence Bertrand Dorleac 80 255 354 said that Meloni and FdI have been ambiguous about their fascist past 355 at times rejecting it and at other times minimising it and that this has helped to rebrand both herself and her party 356 Responding to the 2021 Fanpage report she minimised the investigation and refused to remove openly neo fascist members of FdI 357 In December 2021 FdI s Alfredo Catapano and Luigi Rispoli were among former MSI members who did a Roman salute which was condemned by the ANPI Rispoli told Fanpage I believe in the New Right and in the efforts Giorgia Meloni is making in Brothers of Italy It makes me wonder frankly this clamour 358 Shortly before the 2022 general election she sacked a member that openly praised Adolf Hitler 88 FdI had also distanced itself from the Ascoli Piceno party section after it celebrated the anniversary of the March on Rome in 2019 359 On 25 October 2022 on the occasion of the vote of confidence of the Parliament at the government Meloni in her speech before the deputies said Freedom and democracy are the distinctive elements of contemporary European civilization in which I have always recognized myself And therefore despite the instrumental argument of my opponents I have never had sympathy for undemocratic regimes For any regime including fascism Exactly as I have always considered the racial laws of 1938 the lowest point in Italian history a shame that will mark our people forever 360 361 362 nbsp Meloni in Kyiv 2023Personal lifeIn 2015 Meloni began a relationship with Andrea Giambruno it a journalist who works for Mediaset TV channels 363 The couple has a daughter Ginevra born in 2016 364 365 On 20 October 2023 Meloni announced her split with Giambruno following his sexist and chauvinist off air statements transmitted by the television program Striscia la notizia including propositioning a female colleague for a threesome 366 367 368 Meloni added that all those who hoped to weaken her by attacking her personal life should know that however much the drop may hope to dig out the stone the stone remains stone and the drop is only water 369 She is a Catholic and has used her religious identity in part to help build her national brand In a 2019 speech to a rally in Rome she said I am Giorgia I m a woman I m a mother I m Italian I m Christian 1 370 371 Despite her Christian beliefs and championing traditional family values Meloni defended herself not being married to her child s father 372 In September 2022 she reportedly continued to embrace the old Italian fascist slogan God fatherland and family She has said she resents being linked to Italy s fascist past 373 Meloni is an avid fan of fantasy particularly J R R Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings As a youth activist with the Italian Social Movement MSI she attended the Camp Hobbit festival and sang along with the far right folk band Compagnia dell Anello it named after The Fellowship of the Ring 374 Later she named her political conference Atreju after the hero of the novel The Neverending Story 375 Meloni told The New York Times I think that Tolkien could say better than we can what conservatives believe in 376 Apart from Tolkien she is fond of British conservative philosopher Roger Scruton and has said If I were British I would be a Tory 377 In addition to her native Italian she speaks English French and Spanish 378 Forbes ranked Meloni as the seventh most powerful woman in the world in 2022 379 and placed her fourth in 2023 380 HonoursForeign honours nbsp Finland Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland 23 October 2023 381 Electoral historyMeloni has been a member of Parliament since 2006 being most recently re elected in 2022 382 Election House Constituency Party Votes Result2006 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 1 AN a nbsp Y Elected2008 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 PdL a nbsp Y Elected2013 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 3 FdI a nbsp Y Elected2014 European Parliament Central Italy FdI 99 143 nbsp N Not elected2018 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 Latina FdI 70 268 nbsp Y Elected2019 European Parliament Central Italy FdI 130 159 nbsp Y Elected b 2022 Chamber of Deputies Abruzzo L Aquila FdI 104 823 nbsp Y Elected a b c She was elected in a closed list proportional representation system Meloni renounced her seat to remain a member of the Chamber of Deputies First past the post elections Meloni won first past the post elections for a parliamentary seat in both 2018 and 2022 383 384 2018 general election C LatinaCandidate Coalition Votes Giorgia Meloni Centre right coalition 70 268 41 0Leone Martellucci Five Star Movement 62 563 36 5Federico Fauttilli Centre left coalition 26 293 15 3Others 12 269 7 2Total 171 393 100 02022 general election C L AquilaCandidate Coalition Votes Giorgia Meloni Centre right coalition 104 823 51 5Rita Innocenzi Centre left coalition 42 630 20 9Attilio D Andrea Five Star Movement 33 132 16 3Others 22 998 11 3Total 203 583 100 0Municipal elections Meloni lost the municipal election to become mayor of Rome in 2016 385 2016 municipal election RomeCandidate Coalition Votes Votes Virginia Raggi Five Star Movement 461 190 35 3 770 564 67 2Roberto Giachetti Centre left coalition 325 835 24 9 376 935 32 8Giorgia Meloni Centre right coalition 269 760 20 6Others 251 160 19 2Total 1 307 945 100 0 1 147 499 100 0BibliographyMeloni Giorgia 2011 Podda Stefano ed Noi crediamo We believe Saggi in Italian Milan it Sperling amp Kupfer ISBN 978 8 8200 4932 4 OCLC 898518765 via Google Books Meloni Giorgia Meluzzi Alessandro Mercurio Valentina 2019 Mafia nigeriana Origini rituali crimini Nigerian mafia Origins rituals crimes I saggi in Italian Mantova Oligo Editore ISBN 978 8 8857 2325 2 Retrieved 14 August 2022 via Google Books Meloni Giorgia 2021 Io sono Giorgia le mie radici le mie idee I am Giorgia my roots my ideas Saggi in Italian Rome Rizzoli ISBN 978 8 8171 5468 0 via Google Books Madron Paolo Bisignani Luigi 2023 I potenti al tempo di Giorgia The powerful in Giorgia s time Saggi in Italian Milan Chiarelettere ISBN 978 8 8329 6633 6 via Google Books See alsoConservatism in Italy Far right politics in Italy Italian prime ministersReferences a b c d e f Pietromarchi Virginia 19 September 2022 Who is Italy s leadership hopeful Giorgia Meloni Al Jazeera Archived from the original on 20 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 a b Biografia del ministro Giorgia Meloni Biography of Minister Giorgia Meloni in Italian Chigi Palace November 2011 Archived from the original on 31 March 2021 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni il teatro nel sangue Ecco chi erano i nonni della premier la Repubblica 2 December 2022 Retrieved 20 May 2023 a b Meloni s mother I a writer of romance novels for my daughters 21 October 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2023 How Giorgia Meloni thinks 23 September 2022 Retrieved 10 May 2023 a b How fascist is the party of Giorgia Meloni Italy s PM frontrunner Retrieved 10 May 2023 a b Dell Arti Giorgio Spada Alberto 27 May 2014 Giorgia Meloni Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 5 November 2014 Retrieved 11 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni il racconto della stampa spagnola sul padre che la abbandono da piccola Fu condannato per traffico di droga Giorgia Meloni from the Spanish press about her father who abandoned her as a child He was convicted of drug trafficking Il Fatto Quotidiano in Italian 28 September 2022 Archived from the original on 1 October 2022 Retrieved 1 October 2022 Pistilli Clemente 29 September 2022 Il padre di Giorgia Meloni fu condannato per narcotraffico il racconto della stampa spagnola Giorgia Meloni s father was convicted of drug trafficking the story from the Spanish press La Repubblica in Italian Archived from the original on 1 October 2022 Retrieved 6 October 2022 Non sono un abile affarista immobiliare Anna Paratore la madre di Meloni si difende La Repubblica 20 May 2023 Retrieved 20 September 2023 l inchiesta di Domani 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twenties and Lego with Fiorello s daughter Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 31 March 2021 Retrieved 14 August 2022 a b c Nuzzo Alessandro 1 September 2022 Che scuola ha fatto Giorgia Meloni cosa sappiamo sul curriculum della leader di FdI What school did Giorgia Meloni go to what do we know about the curriculum of the FdI leader Money it in Italian Archived from the original on 1 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 a b c La Storia L Istituto Professionale di Stato per l Enogastronomia e l Ospitalita Amerigo Vespucci in Italian Retrieved 24 May 2023 Curriculum Vitae di Giorgia Meloni Giorgia Meloni s Curriculum Vitae PDF in Italian Commune of Rome 16 September 2016 Archived PDF from the original on 5 August 2022 Retrieved 30 August 2022 MELONI Giorgia XVIII Legislatura Deputati e Organi Scheda deputato in Italian Chamber of Deputies Italy Retrieved 24 May 2023 MELONI Giorgia XVI Legislatura Deputati e Organi Parlamentari Scheda deputato camera it 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Archived from the original on 26 December 2017 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni a Tatanka Ho chiesto un gesto non di non gareggiare Giorgia Meloni to Tatanka I asked for a gesture not not to compete L Occidentale in Italian 6 August 2008 Archived from the original on 6 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Telese Luca 8 February 2009 La Meloni Caro Fini ecco perche non ti seguo La Meloni Dear Fini that s why I don t follow you Il Giornale in Italian Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Diritto al futuro 300 milioni di euro per il domani dei giovani Right to the future 300 million euros for the future of young people Confini Online in Italian 3 December 2010 Archived from the original on 25 September 2022 Retrieved 11 August 2022 Sala Alessandro 20 November 2012 Pdl primarie in fumo La rabbia dei giovani PDL primary in smoke The anger of young people Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Crosetto e Meloni dal Pdl a Fratelli d Italia trattativa con La Russa su nome e simbolo Crosetto and Meloni from the PDL to Fratelli d Italia negotiation with La Russa on name and symbol La Repubblica in Italian 20 December 2012 Archived from the original on 24 September 2019 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Piccolillo Virginia 16 December 2012 Pdl il giorno dei montiani No a scissioni PDL the day of the Montians No to splits Corriere della Sera in Italian p 7 Archived from the original on 17 October 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Guerzoni Monica 17 December 2012 Appello a Monti e guerra alla sinistra Il Pdl si ricompatta Appeal to Monti and war on the left The PDL regroups Corriere della Sera in Italian p 6 Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Balmer Crispian 26 September 2022 Nationalist Meloni set to smash Italy s glass ceiling become premier Reuters Archived from the original on 1 October 2022 Retrieved 13 October 2022 Camera del 24 Febbraio 2013 Chamber of 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May 2014 Archived from the original on 25 September 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 De Santis Livia 4 November 2015 Fratelli d Italia lancia Terra nostra a fine novembre la prima assemblea Brothers of Italy launches Terra nostra the first assembly at the end of November Secolo d Italia in Italian Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Chi siamo Who we are Comitato Terra Nostra in Italian November 2015 Archived from the original on 21 June 2018 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Curridori Francesco 4 November 2015 Nasce Terra nostra parte il derby a destra tra Fini e Meloni Terra nostra is born the derby starts on the right between Fini and Meloni Il Giornale in Italian Archived from the original on 11 May 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni mamma E nata la figlia Ginevra FdI saluta la nuova sorellina d Italia oggi 16 settembre 2016 Giorgia Meloni mother Daughter Geneva is born FdI greets the new little sister of Italy today 16 September 2016 IlSussidiario net 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sottosegretario The Gentiloni government has sworn ministers confirmed except Giannini Alfano to Foreigners Minniti inside Boschi Undersecretary La Repubblica in Italian Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Romano Luca 13 December 2016 Gentiloni incassa la fiducia Opposizioni contro il governo Gentiloni collects the trust Oppositions against the government Il Giornale in Italian Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Stefanoni Franco 12 March 2017 Fratelli d Italia via An e Msi dal simbolo Entra Santanche Tornata a casa mia Brothers of Italy via An and MSI from the symbol Santanche enters Back to my house Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 5 July 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Matteo Salvini e la nuova mappa della destra fra Giorgia Meloni e Roberto Maroni Matteo Salvini and the new map of the right between Giorgia Meloni and Roberto Maroni Formiche net in Italian 2 March 2018 Archived from the 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senate speaker The Guardian Archived from the original on 20 October 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 Berlusconi calls Meloni arrogant in written notes in Senate Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 14 October 2022 Archived from the original on 20 October 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 Kington Tom 17 October 2022 Silvio Berlusconi undercuts Italian coalition by labelling Meloni arrogant The Times ISSN 0140 0460 Archived from the original on 20 October 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 Kirby Paul 21 October 2022 Italy Meloni Far right leader agrees to form government BBC News Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Consultazioni per la formazione del nuovo governo Consultations for the formation of the new government Quirinale in Italian 20 October 2022 Archived from the original on 20 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Horowitz Jason 21 October 2022 Giorgia Meloni Gets Go Ahead for New Italian Government The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Italy Meloni Far right leader agrees to form government The Local 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Il governo Meloni giura oggi al Quirinale The Meloni government swears today at the Quirinale in Italian RAI 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Updated as of 22 October 2022 Nuovo governo le news Alle 10 il giuramento di Giorgia Meloni e dei ministri New government the news At 10 the oath of Giorgia Meloni and the ministers Sky TG24 in Italian 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Updated as of 22 October 2022 Harlan Chico Pitrelli Stefano 21 October 2022 Meloni sworn in as Italy s first female prime minister The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 22 October 2022 Amante Angelo Weir Keith 21 October 2022 Meloni takes charge as PM as Italy swings to the right Reuters Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Presidential palace says Giorgia Meloni forms government giving Italy first far right led coalition since World War II ABC News Associated Press 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 22 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Far right Meloni set to become Italy s first woman PM France 24 Agence France Presse 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Governo Meloni ecco il timing l incarico il giuramento la fiducia e la Legge di Bilancio Meloni government here is the timeline the assignment the oath the trust and the Budget Law Il Messaggero in Italian 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 22 October 2022 Bongarra Francesco 21 October 2022 Dall incarico alla manovra il timing From the task to govern to the budget law the timeline in Italian Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 22 October 2022 Jakhnagiev Alexander 25 October 2022 Meloni alla Camera l applauso al suo arrivo e l abbraccio di Salvini Melons in the Chamber the applause on her arrival and Salvini s hug Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 25 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2022 Governo da Iotti a Cristoforetti le donne che hanno osato citate da Meloni Government from Iotti to Cristoforetti the women who dared cited by Meloni Adnkronos 25 October 2022 Archived from the original on 25 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2022 De Rosa Gianluca Meloni citazionista da Steve Jobs a Giovanni Paolo II tutti i riferimenti del suo discorso Meloni quotationist from Steve Jobs to John Paul II all the references of her speech Il Foglio in Italian Archived from the original on 25 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2022 Cipolla Alessandro Imparato Rosaria 25 October 2022 Meloni alla Camera diretta video voto di fiducia al governo cosa ha detto nella replica la presidente del Consiglio Meloni in the Chamber live video vote of confidence in the government what the prime minister said in response Money in Italian Archived from the original on 26 October 2022 Retrieved 26 October 2022 Il Senato vota la fiducia al governo Meloni 115 si 79 no e 5 astenuti The Senate votes for confidence in the Meloni government 115 yes 79 no and 5 abstentions in Italian Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 26 October 2022 Archived from the original on 26 October 2022 Retrieved 26 October 2022 Governo Meloni le news Cdm da ok a dl unico su Covid carcere ostativo e Rave party Meloni government the news Cdm gives ok to single dl on COVID ostativo prison and Rave party Sky TG24 in Italian 31 October 2022 Archived from the original on 1 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 The party s over for illegal raves Italy s new government says Reuters 1 November 2022 Archived from the original on 2 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Boffa Nadia 1 November 2022 Meloni party Primo colpo di democrazia illiberale Meloni s party First blow of illiberal democracy HuffPost in Italian Archived from the original on 1 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Vitalba Azzolini vitalbaa 31 October 2022 Gazzetta Ufficiale Confermo quanto avevo scritto Norma insidiosa scritta male in teoria applicabile a qualunque raduno che l autorita pubblica reputi pericoloso a suo giudizio Giudizio del tutto discrezionale perche la norma non fornisce criteri per definire la pericolosita Official Gazette I confirm what I wrote Insidious poorly written rule theoretically applicable to any gathering that the public authority deems dangerous in its judgment This judgment is entirely discretionary because the standard doesn t provide criteria for defining the hazard Tweet Archived from the original on 4 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 via Twitter Olivo Francesco 2 November 2022 Governo e lite sui rave party Forza Italia vuole stoppare Meloni Servono modifiche in Parlamento Government there s a dispute over rave parties Forza Italia wants to stop Meloni We need changes in Parliament La Stampa in Italian Archived from the original on 4 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Rave party la mediazione di Forza Italia Abbassare le pene a quattro anni Rave party Forza Italia s mediation Lower the sentences to four years La Repubblica in Italian 2 November 2022 Archived from the original on 2 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Cangemi Annalisa 2 November 2022 Decreto anti rave party approda in Senato prime crepe nel governo Forza Italia vuole cambiarlo Anti rave party decree arrives in the Senate first cracks in the government Forza Italia wants to change it Fanpage it in Italian Archived from the original on 4 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Caccia Fabrizio 1 November 2022 Scontro sul decreto anti rave Il Pd e i 5 Stelle ritiratelo Salvini Indietro non si torna Clash over the anti rave decree The PD and the 5 Stars withdraw it Salvini We can t go back Corriere della Sera in Italian Archived from the original on 1 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Decreto rave party La Meloni lo difende ma si apre a modifiche Decree rave party Meloni defends it but is open to changes Il Giornale in Italian 3 November 2022 Retrieved 10 November 2022 Decreto anti rave governo e Parlamento verso modifiche Anti rave decree government and Parliament towards changes Sky TG24 in Italian Retrieved 10 November 2022 Meloni serve legalita difenderemo i confini Ultima Ora Agenzia ANSA in Italian 8 November 2022 Retrieved 11 November 2022 Marro Enrico 11 November 2022 Decreto Aiuti quater dal taglio delle accise alle bollette a rate tutte le misure in arrivo 9 miliardi Aid decree quater from cutting excise duties to installment bills all measures 9 billion on the way Corriere della Sera in Italian Retrieved 11 November 2022 Latza Nadeau Barbie 26 February 2023 Children and women among 43 dead as migrant boat hits rocks near Italy CNN Archived from the original on 26 February 2023 Retrieved 26 February 2023 D Emilio Frances 26 February 2023 Migrant boat breaks apart off Italy 43 dead 80 survivors AP News Archived from the original on 26 February 2023 Retrieved 26 February 2023 Naufragio Schlein contro Piantedosi Parole indegne si dimetta Politica Agenzia ANSA in Italian 1 March 2023 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Povoledo Elisabetta 17 May 2023 Catastrophic Floods in Italy Leave 8 Dead and Thousands Homeless The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 May 2023 Retrieved 17 May 2023 Severe flooding in Italy kills 2 drought persists Associated Press 4 May 2023 Archived from the original on 18 May 2023 Retrieved 17 May 2023 Alluvione Emilia Romagna altre 5 vittime e un disperso nel Ravennate Lugo e Cervia allagate In Regione 34mila case senza luce Il Fatto Quotidiano in Italian 18 May 2023 Archived from the original on 18 May 2023 Retrieved 18 May 2023 Robinson James 17 May 2023 Italy flooding Three dead and thousands evacuated from their homes as rivers burst their banks Sky News Archived from the original on 17 May 2023 Retrieved 17 May 2023 La conta dei danni Campi aziende strade e turismo 5 miliardi persi La Repubblica in Italian 21 May 2023 Retrieved 22 May 2023 Alluvione Emilia Romagna la Regione I danni ammonteranno a oltre 7 miliardi Il Fatto Quotidiano in Italian 24 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 Convocazione del Consiglio dei Ministri n 35 www governo it in Italian 22 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 La prima misura del governo per aiutare le zone alluvionate in Emilia Romagna Il Post in Italian 23 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 Il decreto del governo per l Emilia Romagna Stanziati oltre due miliardi Agi in Italian 23 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 Emilia Romagna diretta maltempo Meloni Locomotiva d Italia non puo fermarsi Conselice evacuata per rischio sanitario la Repubblica in Italian 26 May 2023 Retrieved 26 May 2023 Non c e ancora un commissario straordinario per l alluvione in Romagna Il Post in Italian 8 June 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 Alluvione Salvini mette il veto su Bonaccini slitta la nomina a commissario La Repubblica in Italian 23 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 Perche il governo non ha ancora nominato Stefano Bonaccini commissario per la ricostruzione in Emilia Romagna Fanpage in Italian 25 May 2023 Retrieved 28 May 2023 Baroncini Valerio 26 June 2023 Figliuolo commissario post alluvione per 5 anni Le reazioni Bonaccini Scelta sbagliata Il Resto del Carlino in Italian Retrieved 28 June 2023 Casellati al lavoro sul presidenzialismo proseguono le consultazioni ora tocca alle opposizioni Obiettivo ddl entro giugno la Repubblica in Italian 13 January 2023 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Il Cdm approva il premierato Meloni Madre di tutte le riforme basta ribaltoni e governi tecnici la Repubblica Guy Barbie Latza Nadeau Jack 21 July 2023 Italy starts removing lesbian mothers names from children s birth certificates CNN Retrieved 29 December 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Il Presidente Meloni incontra a Roma il Presidente Macron President Meloni meets President Macron in Rome Governo in Italian 23 October 2022 Zapponini Gianluca 3 November 2022 Il poker di Meloni in Europa Cronaca di una giornata a Bruxelles Meloni s poker in Europe Chronicle of a day in Brussels Formiche net in Italian Archived from the original on 4 November 2022 Retrieved 3 November 2022 Cop27 il discorso di Meloni L Italia ha triplicato gli sforzi per la lotta al cambiamento climatico Il video Cop27 Meloni s speech Italy has tripled its efforts to fight climate change The video Open in Italian 7 November 2022 Cop27 Meloni vede Sisi apre sul gas ma resta il nodo Regeni Onu chiede tasse sui profitti Cop27 Meloni sees Sisi opens on gas but the Regeni knot remains UN calls for taxes on profits Il Sole 24 Ore in Italian 7 November 2022 Bali il Presidente Meloni al Vertice G20 Governo Italiano in Italian 16 November 2022 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Vertice G20 il Presidente Meloni incontra il Presidente degli Stati Uniti Biden Governo Italiano in Italian 15 November 2022 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Italy s Meloni discusses Ukraine China in G20 meeting with Biden Reuters 15 November 2022 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Meloni in Algeria Algeri fondamentale per realizzare Piano Mattei sky tg24 in Italian 23 January 2013 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Meloni in Algeria l Italia puo diventare un hub per la distribuzione di energia Il Sole 24 ORE in Italian 23 January 2023 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Ciriaco Tommaso 21 February 2023 Le lacrime il fango i fiori Meloni a Bucha nella citta non sconfitta Con voi fino alla fine la Repubblica in Italian Retrieved 26 March 2023 Meloni a Bucha combatteremo per la vostra liberta Ultima Ora Agenzia ANSA in Italian 21 February 2023 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Migrants and Ukraine on these bases Meloni and Morawiecki are consolidating the alliance in view of the European elections Agenzia Nova 5 July 2023 Il Presidente Meloni in India Governo Italiano in Italian 2 March 2023 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Lauria Emanuele 2 March 2023 Italia India Meloni e il modello di consenso Modi Il piu amato del mondo Nuova Delhi puo facilitare pace giusta per Ucraina la Repubblica in Italian Retrieved 26 March 2023 Israel ready to help Italy become energy hub Netanyahu says Reuters 10 March 2023 How Netanyahu is provoking armed Intifada in the West Bank The Jordan Times 30 May 2023 Cos e il Piano Mattei di cui parla tanto Giorgia Meloni Today Meloni in Etiopia A ottobre presentiamo il piano Mattei per l Africa ANSA Meloni in Ethiopia Italy can be the spokesperson for the continent s needs Agenzia Nova 15 April 2023 Visita del Presidente Meloni in Etiopia www governo it Meloni von der Leyen e Rutte in Tunisia Governo Italiano Italy s Meloni Good China relations possible without Belt and Road Politico 28 May 2023 La Casa Bianca avvisa Meloni Sui diritti Lgbtq serve piu attenzione Lei sceglie di parlare a Fox la tv pro Trump la Repubblica President Meloni visits Israel www governo it 21 October 2023 Retrieved 23 October 2023 Harlan Chico Pitrelli Stefano 13 September 2022 A far right politician is poised to become Italy s first female leader The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on 14 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 a b Khrebtan Horhager Julia Pyatovskaya Evgeniya 19 September 2022 Giorgia Meloni the political provocateur set to become Italy s first far right leader since Mussolini The Conversation Archived from the original on 1 October 2022 Retrieved 13 October 2022 Taube Friedel 30 August 2018 Women increasingly drawn to right wing populist parties study shows Deutsche Welle Retrieved 3 October 2022 Farrell Nicholas 20 July 2022 Is Giorgia Meloni the most dangerous woman in Europe The Spectator Archived from the original on 21 August 2022 Retrieved 21 August 2022 Tharoor Ishaan 27 September 2022 Italy s Meloni The mainstreaming of the West s far right is complete The Washington Post Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 Farrell Nicholas 27 September 2022 It is absurd to call Giorgia Meloni far right The Daily Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 Retrieved 28 September 2022 Horowitz Jason 24 September 2022 Italian Voters Appear Ready to Turn a Page for Europe The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 26 September 2022 Retrieved 25 September 2022 Italian far right star turns against Russia EUobserver 30 May 2022 Archived from the original on 30 May 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 von Nahmen Alexandra 20 September 2022 Italy s election Giorgia Meloni far right favorite for prime minister appeals to disgruntled voters Deutsche Welle Archived from the original on 25 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 Hutt David Schad Verena 24 August 2022 Ukraine war How has Russia s invasion changed Europe Euronews Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 Amante Angelo Balmer Crispian Vagnoni Giselda 25 August 2022 Italy s Meloni says public finances will be safe in her hands Reuters Archived from the original on 19 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 Balmer Crispian 26 September 2022 Italy s right wing led by Meloni wins election exit polls say Reuters Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 FdI Orban scrive a Meloni Collaboriamo abbiamo una visione comune del mondo lottiamo insieme FdI Orban writes to Meloni We collaborate we have a common vision of the world we fight together la Repubblica in Italian 25 February 2021 Archived from the original on 9 September 2022 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Prestigiacomo Dario 3 February 2020 Meloni difende Orban Ue contro di lui perche si batte per la sovranita Meloni defends Orban EU against him because it fights for sovereignty Europa Today in Italian Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Why Rishi Sunak loves Italy s Giorgia Meloni POLITICO 15 December 2023 Retrieved 24 December 2023 Diver Tony 12 July 2023 Rishi Sunak and Giorgia Meloni appear to be new best friends The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved 24 December 2023 Ue Meloni incontra a Madrid Santiago Abascal Totale sintonia tra FdI e Vox per rafforzare Ecr EU Meloni meets Santiago Abascal in Madrid Total harmony between FdI and Vox to strengthen Ecr Secolo d Italia in Italian Archived from the original on 9 September 2022 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Romeo Lou 24 July 2022 Brothers of Italy the far right party on the cusp of power France 24 Agence France Presse Archived from the original on 24 July 2022 Retrieved 20 September 2022 Meloni da Kaczynski Insieme decisivi nell Ue Meloni from Kaczynski Together decisive in the EU Adnkronos in Italian 3 April 2019 Archived from the original on 25 April 2022 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Polonia Andrzej Duda vince le presidenziali Gli auguri di Giorgia Meloni Poland Andrzej Duda wins the presidential elections Best wishes from Giorgia Meloni Agen Press in Italian 13 July 2020 Archived from the original on 3 June 2021 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Seminara Giulio 31 January 2020 Meloni andra negli Usaper incontrare The Donald E sfida con Salvini Meloni will go to the USA to meet The Donald It s a challenge with Salvini Lumsa News in Italian Archived from the original on 4 February 2020 Retrieved 4 February 2020 De Robertis Pierfrancesco 5 February 2020 Giorgia Meloni negli Usa per l esame di maturita Giorgia Meloni in the USA for the final exam QN Quotidiano Nazionale it in Italian Archived from the original on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 5 February 2020 Meloni a Salvini Ci sono dei patti e vanno rispettati Meloni to Salvini There are pacts and they must be respected Adnkronos in Italian 4 February 2020 Archived from the original on 4 February 2020 Retrieved 4 February 2020 Italy s frontrunner party suspends candidate over Hitler praise Reuters 20 September 2022 Archived from the original on 25 September 2022 Retrieved 21 September 2022 Italy s right wing led by Meloni wins election according to exit polls France 24 Agence France Presse 25 September 2022 Archived from the original on 25 September 2022 Retrieved 20 October 2022 I plan to leave Foreigners in Italy fear for their futures if far right wins election The Local Italy edition 14 September 2022 Archived from the original on 19 September 2022 Retrieved 20 September 2022 a b Torrisi Claudia 20 September 2022 The anti women agenda of the woman set to be Italy s next PM openDemocracy Archived from the original on 20 September 2022 Retrieved 1 October 2022 Updated 26 September 2022 Claudia Torrisi 28 September 2022 What Meloni s far Right government will mean for Italy openDemocracy Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 1 October 2022 Pianigiani Gaia Povoledo Elisabetta 23 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni Could Be the First Woman to Lead Italy Not All Women Are Happy The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 23 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Mixed reactions abroad to Meloni winning Italian elections France 24 Agence France Presse 26 September 2022 Archived from the original on 26 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Bubola Emma 25 August 2022 They are not happy with how we love each other Gay parents fear a Meloni victory The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 28 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 a b Bollinger Alex 26 September 2022 Marjorie Taylor Greene loves Italy s new fascist prime minister But she can t spell her name LGBTQ Nation Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 Retrieved 8 October 2022 Cigna Ygnazia 3 September 2022 Meloni al ragazzo che l ha contestata sul palco Rispetto il tuo coraggio Unioni civili Non le tocchero Meloni to the boy who challenged her on stage I respect your courage Civil unions I won t touch them Open in Italian Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 7 October 2022 Unioni civili la Meloni Se diventero sindaco di Roma rispettero legge Civil unions Meloni If I become mayor of Rome I will respect thelaw La Repubblica in Italian 11 May 2016 Archived from the original on 12 May 2016 Retrieved 8 October 2022 Unioni civili Meloni rispettero legge Civil unions Meloni I will respect the law in Italian Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 11 May 2016 Archived from the original on 12 May 2016 Retrieved 8 October 2022 Io sono Giorgia il remix del discorso di Meloni e virale con meme e sfide virtuali I am Giorgia the remix of Meloni s speech is viral with memes and virtual challenges Sky TG24 12 November 2019 Archived from the original on 27 January 2020 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Giorgia Meloni alle Iene Preferirei non avere un figlio gay Giorgia Meloni at Le Iene I d rather not have a gay son Il Secolo XIX in Italian 22 February 2016 Archived from the original 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Meloni s proposal It must be considered a universal crime La Repubblica in Italian 21 April 2022 Archived from the original on 28 September 2022 Retrieved 8 October 2022 Meloni Utero in affitto reato universale Meloni Womb for rent a universal crime HuffPost in Italian 10 August 2022 Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 8 October 2022 Spuntoni Nico 5 December 2023 Lo Zuppi che non ti aspetti Utero in affitto Mercificazione della donna E sull eutanasia Il Giornale in Italian Horowitz Jason 8 January 2024 Francis Urges Ban on Surrogacy Calling It Despicable The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Lami Paolo 10 June 2015 Meloni FdI Contro l ideologia gender presenti al raduno sulla famiglia Meloni FdI Against gender ideology present at the meeting on the family Secolo d Italia in Italian Archived from the original on 16 June 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Crowley Michael 27 September 2022 Italy s Hard Right Lurch Raises New Concerns in Washington The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 28 September 2022 Retrieved 1 October 2022 La discriminazione non si combatte con la diffusione della teoria gender nelle scuole Discrimination cannot be fought with the spread of gender theory in schools Giorgia Meloni in Italian 24 June 2015 Archived from the original on 24 May 2019 Retrieved 30 July 2020 Giorgia Meloni parla di gender ma poi ammette di non sapere cos e Giorgia Meloni talks about gender but then admits she doesn t know what it is NeXt Quotidiano in Italian 6 May 2021 Archived from the original on 6 May 2021 Retrieved 1 October 2022 Scuola Meloni a Giannini Teoria del gender non e lotta alla discriminazione School Meloni to Giannini Gender theory is not a fight against discrimination Fratelli d Italia in Italian 25 June 2022 Archived from the original on 1 March 2018 Retrieved 28 February 2018 Meloni Teorie gender attaccano l identita delle donne e il ruolo materno Meloni Gender theories attack women s identity and maternal role in Italian DIRE 13 May 2022 Archived from the original on 16 June 2022 Retrieved 1 October 2022 Giorgia Meloni In Costituzione il divieto di adozione per le coppie omosessuali Giorgia Meloni In the Constitution the ban on adoption for homosexual couples Gaypost it in Italian 29 January 2018 Archived from the original on 29 July 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 De Gregorio Antonella 3 February 2018 Elsa di Frozen lesbica Da Salvini a Meloni la destra contro la Disney Elsa from Frozen lesbian From Salvini to Meloni the right against Disney La Repubblica in Italian Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Elsa di Frozen lesbica Salvini e Meloni contro la Disney Elsa from Frozen lesbian Salvini and Meloni against Disney Il Messagero in Italian 2 March 2018 Archived from the original on 5 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 De Montis Luisa 2 March 2018 Salvini Elsa di Frozen lesbica Il mondo al contrario Salvini Elsa from Frozen lesbian The world in reverse Il Giornale in Italian Archived from the original on 8 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Arfini Elia Ghigi Rossella Magaraggia Sveva 2019 Can feminism be right A content analysis of discourses about women by female Italian right wing politicians PDF Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia 4 2019 693 719 doi 10 1423 96112 ISSN 0486 0349 S2CID 216672593 Archived PDF from the original on 4 October 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 via AIR Unimi Roberts Hannah 2 September 2022 Will Italy s first female prime minister be bad for women Politico Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Pianigini Gaia Povoledo Elisabetta 23 September 2022 Giorgia Meloni Could Be the First Woman to Lead Italy Not All Women Are Happy The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Giuffrida Angela 29 September 2022 Italy s Giorgia Meloni denies she is anti women as credentials questioned The Guardian Archived from the original on 30 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2022 Retrieved 13 October 2022 a, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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