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Liz Truss

Mary Elizabeth Truss (born 26 July 1975) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from September to October 2022. On her fiftieth day in office, she stepped down amid a government crisis,[1][2] making her the shortest-serving prime minister in the history of the United Kingdom.[3] Truss previously held various Cabinet positions under prime ministers David Cameron, Theresa May and Boris Johnson, lastly as foreign secretary from 2021 to 2022. She has been Member of Parliament (MP) for South West Norfolk since 2010.

Liz Truss
Official portrait, 2022
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office
6 September 2022 – 25 October 2022
Monarchs
DeputyThérèse Coffey
Preceded byBoris Johnson
Succeeded byRishi Sunak
Leader of the Conservative Party
In office
5 September 2022 – 24 October 2022
Preceded byBoris Johnson
Succeeded byRishi Sunak
Ministerial offices 2012–⁠2022
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
In office
15 September 2021 – 6 September 2022
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded byDominic Raab
Succeeded byJames Cleverly
Minister for Women and Equalities
In office
10 September 2019 – 6 September 2022
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded byAmber Rudd
Succeeded byNadhim Zahawi[a]
In office
24 July 2019 – 15 September 2021
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded byLiam Fox
Succeeded byAnne-Marie Trevelyan
Chief Secretary to the Treasury
In office
11 June 2017 – 24 July 2019
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded byDavid Gauke
Succeeded byRishi Sunak
In office
14 July 2016 – 11 June 2017
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded byMichael Gove
Succeeded byDavid Lidington
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
In office
15 July 2014 – 14 July 2016
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byOwen Paterson
Succeeded byAndrea Leadsom
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Childcare and Education
In office
4 September 2012 – 15 July 2014
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded bySarah Teather
Succeeded bySam Gyimah
Member of Parliament
for South West Norfolk
Assumed office
6 May 2010
Preceded byChristopher Fraser
Majority26,195 (50.9%)
Personal details
Born
Mary Elizabeth Truss

(1975-07-26) 26 July 1975 (age 47)
Oxford, England
Political partyConservative (since 1996)
Other political
affiliations
Liberal Democrats (until 1996)
Spouse
(m. 2000)
Children2
Parent
EducationMerton College, Oxford (BA)
Signature
Websitewww.elizabethtruss.com

Truss attended Merton College, Oxford, and was the president of Oxford University Liberal Democrats.[4] In 1996, she joined the Conservative Party.[5] She worked at Shell and Cable & Wireless, and was the deputy director of the think tank Reform. After two unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons, she was elected as the MP for South West Norfolk at the 2010 UK general election.[6] As a backbencher, she called for reform in several policy areas including childcare, mathematics education and the economy. Truss founded the Free Enterprise Group of Thatcherite Conservative MPs and wrote or co-wrote a number of papers and books, including After the Coalition (2011) and Britannia Unchained (2012).

Truss served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Childcare and Education from 2012 to 2014, before Cameron appointed her Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in his 2014 cabinet reshuffle. Although she supported the Britain Stronger in Europe campaign for the UK to remain in the European Union, Truss supported Brexit after the outcome of the 2016 referendum. Following Cameron's resignation in 2016, his successor May appointed Truss as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor, making Truss the first woman to serve as Lord Chancellor in the office's thousand-year history. After the 2017 general election, Truss was appointed Chief Secretary to the Treasury. After May resigned in 2019, Truss supported Johnson's successful bid to become Conservative leader and prime minister, after which he appointed Truss as Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade in July 2019; she subsequently took on the additional role of Minister for Women and Equalities in September 2019. Johnson promoted Truss to Foreign Secretary in the 2021 cabinet reshuffle. During her time in the position, Truss co-chaired the EU–UK Partnership Council, led negotiations on the Northern Ireland Protocol, and was involved in the UK's response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Truss defeated Rishi Sunak in the Conservative Party leadership election to succeed Johnson, who had resigned in an earlier government crisis. Truss was appointed prime minister by Queen Elizabeth II two days before the Queen’s death. To tackle the cost of living crisis and energy supply crisis, Truss's government announced the Energy Price Guarantee to limit energy prices for households, businesses and public-sector organisations. Her government then announced large-scale borrowing and tax cuts in a mini-budget, which was widely criticised and largely reversed, having led to financial instability. Facing mounting criticism and loss of confidence in her leadership, Truss announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party;[7] Sunak was elected unopposed as her successor,[8] and replaced her as prime minister.[9] Truss remains in the House of Commons as a backbencher.

Early life

Mary Elizabeth Truss[10] was born on 26 July 1975 in Oxford, England, to John Truss and Priscilla Truss (née Grasby).[11][12][13] She is a descendant of Charles Truss, after whom Truss's Island on the River Thames is named.[14] Truss has three younger brothers, Chris, Patrick and Francis.[15] From an early age, she has been known by her middle name.[16] Her father is an emeritus professor of pure mathematics at the University of Leeds, while her mother was a nurse and teacher.[17][18] Truss has described her parents as being "to the left of Labour"; her mother was a member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.[18][19] When Truss later stood for election to Parliament as a Conservative, her mother agreed to campaign for her, while her father declined to do so.[19][20] Truss's parents divorced in 2003; at the 2004 Leeds City Council election, her mother unsuccessfully stood for election as a Liberal Democrat.[11][21]

The family moved to Paisley, Renfrewshire, in Scotland when she was four years old, living there from 1979 to 1985,[22] with Truss attending West Primary School.[13][19] She then attended Roundhay School, a comprehensive school in the Roundhay area of Leeds,[23] which she later said had "let down" children,[24] a claim disputed by others.[23] Aged 12, she spent a year in Burnaby, British Columbia, where she attended Parkcrest Elementary School while her father taught at Simon Fraser University.[25] Truss has praised the coherent curriculum and the Canadian attitude that it was "really good to be top of the class", which she contrasts to her education at Roundhay School.[19] Truss was remembered by adolescent classmates as a studious girl with "geeky" friends. She reportedly had an interest in social issues such as homelessness.[11] She read philosophy, politics and economics (PPE) at Merton College, Oxford, graduating in 1996.[26]

Truss was active in the Liberal Democrats. She was president of Oxford University Liberal Democrats and a member of the national executive committee of Liberal Democrat Youth and Students (LDYS). During her time as a Liberal Democrat, Truss supported the legalisation of cannabis and the abolition of the monarchy,[27][28][29] and campaigned against the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.[30][31]

Truss joined the Conservative Party in 1996.[32][33]

Professional career

From 1996 to 2000, Truss worked for Shell, during which time she qualified as a Chartered Management Accountant (ACMA) in 1999.[34] In 2000, Truss was employed by Cable & Wireless and rose to economic director before leaving in 2005.[35]

After losing her first two elections, Truss became the full-time deputy director of Reform in January 2008,[36] where she advocated more rigorous academic standards in schools, a greater focus on tackling serious and organised crime, and urgent action to deal with Britain's falling competitiveness.[36] She co-authored The Value of Mathematics,[37] Fit for Purpose,[38] A New Level,[39] and Back To Black: Budget 2009 Paper,[40][41] among other reports.

Political career

Truss served as the chair of the Lewisham Deptford Conservative Association from 1998 to 2000.[32] Truss unsuccessfully contested the Greenwich London Borough Council elections in 1998 (for Vanbrugh ward) and 2002 (in Blackheath Westcombe).[42][43] On 4 May 2006, she was elected as a councillor for Eltham South in the 2006 Greenwich London Borough Council election.[44] Truss did not seek re-election to the council on 6 May 2010, with the 2010 UK general election being announced on 6 April 2010, the Dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010 and the last day to file MP nomination papers 20 April 2010.[44][45]

Parliamentary candidatures

At the 2001 UK general election, Truss stood for the constituency of Hemsworth in West Yorkshire, a safe seat for the Labour Party. She came a distant second, but increased the Conservative vote by 3.2%.[46][47] Before the 2005 UK general election, the parliamentary candidate for Calder Valley, Sue Catling, was pressured to resign by the local Conservative Association,[48] whereupon Truss was selected to fight the seat, which is also in West Yorkshire. Truss narrowly lost the election to the Labour Party incumbent.

Under David Cameron as Conservative leader, Truss was added to the party's "A List".[47] In October 2009, she was selected for the South West Norfolk seat by members of the constituency Conservative Association. She won over 50% of the vote in the first round of the final against five other candidates.[49][50] Shortly after her selection, some members of the constituency association objected to Truss's selection, due to her failing to declare a prior affair with the married Conservative MP Mark Field.[51] A motion was proposed to terminate Truss's candidature, but this was defeated by 132 votes to 37 at a general meeting of the association's members three weeks later.[52]

Parliamentary career

Following her election to the House of Commons on 6 May 2010, Truss campaigned for issues including the retention of the RAF Tornado base at RAF Marham in her constituency;[53] over seven months she asked 13 questions in the Commons about RAF Marham, secured a special debate on the subject, wrote dozens of letters to ministers and collected signatures on a petition which was delivered to Downing Street.[54] From the start of her parliamentary career, she also lobbied for the dualling of the A11 west of Thetford;[55] the work was completed in 2014.[56] "With an eye on Thetford Forest, in her constituency, she spoke out against the proposal to sell off forests"[57] and played "a leading role" in preventing a waste incinerator being built at King's Lynn.[54]

In March 2011, Truss wrote a paper for the liberal think tank CentreForum in which she argued for an end to bias against serious academic subjects in the education system so that social mobility can be improved.[58] Truss wrote a further paper for the same think tank in May 2012, in which she argued for change in the structure of the childcare market in Britain.[59]

In October 2011, Truss founded the Free Enterprise Group, which has been supported by over 40 other Conservative MPs.[60] In September 2011, together with four other members of the Free Enterprise Group, she had co-authored After the Coalition, a book which sought to challenge the consensus that Britain's economic decline is inevitable by arguing for the return of a more entrepreneurial and meritocratic culture.[61]

Britannia Unchained was published on 13 September 2012 by the same authors as above. In Chapter 4, which is named "Work Ethic" (page 61), the book states: "Once they enter the workplace, the British are among the worst idlers in the world. We work among the lowest hours, we retire early and our productivity is poor."[62][63] During a BBC leadership debate in July 2022, Truss said that the authors had each written a different chapter of the book and that Dominic Raab had written chapter 4 which contains those claims.[64][65] Raab later remarked that the authors had taken "collective responsibility" for the book.[64] As part of a serialisation in The Daily Telegraph, Truss wrote an article previewing Britannia Unchained.[66] The book was promoted by its publishers as the work of "the Conservative Party's rising stars".[67]

Truss has championed Britain following Germany's lead in allowing people to have tax-free and less heavily regulated "mini-jobs".[68] Since Truss published a paper on the policy for the Free Enterprise Group in February 2012, the policy has been examined by the Treasury as a policy to promote growth.[69][70]

Truss has campaigned for improved teaching of more rigorous school subjects, especially mathematics.[citation needed] She noted in 2012 that only 20% of British students studied maths to 18,[71] and called for maths classes to be compulsory for all those in full-time education.[72] Truss herself studied maths and further maths at A level.[71] She argued in 2011 that comprehensive school pupils were being "mis-sold" easy, low-value subjects to boost school results: comprehensive school pupils were six times as likely to take media studies at A-level as privately educated pupils.[73] Truss also criticised the over-reliance on calculators to the detriment of mental arithmetic.[74]

From March 2011, Truss was a Member of the Justice Select Committee,[75] remaining on the committee until her appointment as a government minister.

Ministerial career

Junior ministerial career (2012–2014)

On 4 September 2012, Truss was appointed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Education, responsible for childcare and early learning, assessment, qualifications, curriculum reform, behaviour and attendance, and school food review.[76] In this role, she developed some of the policy areas that she had pursued as a backbencher.

In January 2013, she announced proposals to reform A-Levels, by concentrating examinations at the end of two-year courses.[77] She sought to improve British standards in maths for fear that children are falling behind those in Asian countries,[78] and led a fact-finding visit to schools and teacher-training centres in Shanghai in February 2014 to see how children there have become the best in the world at maths.[79]

Truss also outlined plans to reform childcare in England, which would overhaul childcare qualifications and increase the maximum number of children relative to adults in a care establishment, with the intention of widening the availability of childcare along with increasing pay and qualifications among staff.[80] The proposed reforms were broadly welcomed by some organisations such as the charity 4Children,[81] the Confederation of British Industry[82] and the College of West Anglia.[83] The proposals met opposition from others. The TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady and the then Shadow Education Secretary Stephen Twigg were among those criticising the reforms,[84] and were echoed by some parents and childcare bodies, such as the charity National Day Nurseries Association.[85]

The columnist Polly Toynbee was highly critical of the minister's plans and challenged Truss to demonstrate how to care for two babies alongside four toddlers on her own.[86] Truss responded to Toynbee's challenge by saying that being an early educator was a very demanding job, requiring great and specialist expertise, for which she was not trained.[87] In the event, aspects of the reforms relating to relaxation of childcare ratios were blocked by the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg,[88] who said: "The response, not just from nurseries, but overwhelmingly from parent groups was they thought this was a bad idea."[89]

Environment Secretary (2014–2016)

 
Official portrait of Truss as Environment Secretary, 2014

In a 15 July 2014 cabinet reshuffle, Truss was appointed Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural affairs, replacing Owen Paterson. In apparent contrast to her predecessor,[90] Truss declared that she fully believed that climate change is happening,[91] and that "human beings have contributed to that".[92] She became a member of the Privy Council the next day.[93]

At the Conservative Party conference in September 2014, Truss made a speech in which she said "We import two-thirds of our cheese, that is a disgrace" and "In December, I'll be in Beijing, opening up new pork markets." The awkwardness of her delivery led her to be widely mocked, and clips of the speech went viral.[94][95]

In November 2014, Truss launched a new 10-year bee and pollinator strategy to try to reverse the trend of falling bee populations,[96] including a strategy to revive traditional meadows which provide the most fertile habitat for pollinators. In July 2015, she approved the limited temporary lifting of an EU ban on the use of two neonicotinoid pesticides, enabling their use for 120 days on about 5% of England's oilseed rape crop to ward off the cabbage-stem flea beetle;[97] campaigners in 2012 warned that pesticides were shown to harm bees by damaging their renowned ability to navigate home.[98]

Truss cut taxpayer subsidies for solar panels on agricultural land, as her view was that the land could be better used to grow crops, food and vegetables.[99] She described farming and food as "hotbeds of innovation"[100] and promoted the production and export of British food.[101]

In March 2015, she was one of two cabinet ministers to vote against the government's successful proposal to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes, in what was technically a free vote.[102]

Justice Secretary and Lord Chancellor (2016–2017)

 
Official portrait of Truss as MP, 2017

On 14 July 2016, Truss was appointed as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor in the First May ministry. Truss became the first woman to hold either position and the first female Lord Chancellor in the thousand-year history of the office.[b] May's decision to appoint her was criticised by the then Minister of State for Justice Lord Faulks, who resigned from the government, questioning whether Truss would have the clout to be able to stand up to the prime minister when necessary, on behalf of the judges.[104] Truss herself said that he did not contact her before going public with his criticism, and she had never met or spoken to him.[105]

In November 2016, Truss was further criticised, including by the former Attorney General Dominic Grieve and the Criminal Bar Association, for failing to support more robustly the judiciary and the principle of judicial independence, after three judges of the Divisional Court came under attack from politicians and from the Daily Mail for ruling against the government in R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union.[106] Lord Falconer, the former Lord Chancellor, who had previously suggested that, like her immediate predecessors Chris Grayling and Michael Gove, Truss lacked the essential legal expertise that the constitution requires, called for her to be sacked as Justice Secretary as her perceived inadequate response "signals to the judges that they have lost their constitutional protector".[107]

Truss denied she had failed to defend the judges. "An independent judiciary is the cornerstone of the rule of law, vital to our constitution and freedoms", she wrote. "It is my duty as Lord Chancellor to defend that independence. I swore to do so under my oath of office. I take that very seriously, and I will always do so."[108] She also said that the independent judiciary was robust enough to withstand attack by The Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail.[109] In March 2017, the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd, told the House of Lords constitution select committee that Truss was "completely and utterly wrong" to say she could not criticise the media and reiterated the importance of protecting judges.[110]

Following a significant rise in prison violence incidents in 2015 and 2016,[111] in November 2016 Truss announced a £1.3 billion investment programme in the prison service and the recruitment of 2,500 additional prison officers, partly reversing the cuts made under the previous coalition government.[112][113]

Chief Secretary to the Treasury (2017–2019)

Following the 2017 UK general election, Truss was moved on 11 June to the position of Chief Secretary to the Treasury, attending the cabinet but not a full member of it, in what was seen by some as a demotion.[114]

Truss developed an enthusiasm for cultivating her presence on Twitter and Instagram. The Times described this as an unorthodox approach that had won her fans.[115][116] She was also closely involved in the launch of the free market campaign group, Freer.[117] Some of her civil servants were reported as finding her tenure as chief secretary "exhausting", because of her demanding work schedule and her habit of asking officials multiplication questions at random intervals.[118]

In June 2018, Truss gave a speech outlining her declared commitment to freedom and individual liberty. She criticised regulations that get in the way of people's lives and warned that raising taxes could see the Conservatives being "crushed" at the polls;[119] in particular, she criticised ministerial colleagues who she said should realise "that it's not macho just to demand more money. It's much tougher to demand better value and challenge the blob of vested interests within your department".[120]

In 2019, Truss declared that she could be a candidate for the leadership of the Conservative Party to succeed May.[121] She ultimately elected not to stand, and instead endorsed Johnson.[122]

International Trade Secretary (2019–2021)

After Johnson became Prime Minister, Truss was tipped for promotion in return for her support during his leadership campaign, during which she advised Johnson on economic policy, and was the architect of plans to cut taxes for people earning over £50,000.[118] Consequently, it was thought she would be appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer or Business Secretary, but she was instead promoted to the position of Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade.[123] Following the resignation of Amber Rudd, Truss was additionally appointed Minister for Women and Equalities.

Twice in September 2019, Truss said that the Department for International Trade had "inadvertently" allowed shipping of radio spares and an air cooler to Saudi Arabia in contravention of an order of the Court of Appeal, which found that UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia for use in the war in Yemen were unlawful.[124][125][126] While Truss apologised to a Commons committee on arms export controls, opposition MPs said her apology was insufficient and called for her to resign for breaking the law.[127]

On 19 March 2020, Truss introduced to Parliament the Trade Act 2021, which established the legal framework for the UK to conduct trade deals with nations around the world.[128][129]

On 7 July 2020, Truss announced the lifting of a year-long ban on the export of arms and military equipment to Saudi Arabia.[130] She said that "there is not a clear risk that the export of arms and military equipment to Saudi Arabia might be used in the commission of a serious violation of international humanitarian law."[131]

In August 2020, a number of meetings Truss held with the Institute of Economic Affairs were removed from the public record because they were recategorised as "personal discussions", which the Labour Party said raised concerns about integrity, transparency and honesty in public office.[132]

Truss undertook negotiations for a post-Brexit free trade agreement between the UK and Japan.[133] An agreement between the two countries was struck in September 2020, which Truss said would result in "99% of exports to Japan" being "tariff-free". It was the first major trade deal the UK had signed since leaving the European Union and was hailed as a "historic moment" by Truss; it mostly copied the existing trade deal the EU had agreed with Japan.[134][135] This was followed by newly negotiated trade deals with Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[136]

In December 2020, Truss made a speech on equality policy in which she stated that the UK focused too heavily on "fashionable" race, sexuality, and gender issues at the expense of poverty and geographical disparity. In the speech, she announced that the government and civil service would no longer be receiving unconscious bias training.[137][138]

Foreign Secretary (2021–2022)

 
Official portrait of Truss as Foreign Secretary, 2022

On 15 September 2021 during a cabinet reshuffle, Johnson promoted Truss from International Trade Secretary to Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development affairs.[139]

At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, she said that France had acted unacceptably during the Jersey fishing dispute.[140]

In October 2021, she called on Russia to intervene in the Belarus–European Union border crisis[141] and said she wanted a "closer trading and investment relationship" with the Gulf Cooperation Council which includes Saudi Arabia and Qatar.[142] In November 2021, Truss and her Israeli counterpart Yair Lapid announced a new decade-long deal aimed at stopping Iran from developing nuclear weapons.[143] In December 2021, she met her Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Stockholm, urging Russia to seek peace in Ukraine in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[144]

On 5 November 2021, she called for a ceasefire in the Tigray War between Ethiopian rebel groups and the Ethiopian government led by Abiy Ahmed, saying that "there is no military solution and that negotiations are needed to avoid bloodshed and deliver lasting peace".[145]

In January 2022, the former Australian prime minister Paul Keating, who serves on the international board of the China Development Bank,[146] accused Truss of making "demented" comments about Chinese military aggression in the Pacific, saying that "Britain suffers delusions of grandeur and relevance deprivation".[147]

 
Truss meeting with the US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Washington, March 2022

Truss was appointed in December 2021 as the British Government's chief negotiator with the EU, following the resignation of Lord Frost.[148] On 30 January 2022, she told the BBC's Sunday Morning programme that "we are supplying and offering extra support into our Baltic allies across the Black Sea, as well as supplying the Ukrainians with defensive weapons".[149] The Russian diplomat Maria Zakharova commented, using social media, that the Baltic states are located on or near the Baltic Sea and not the Black Sea, which is 700 miles away from the Baltic.[150] Truss's scheduled trip to Ukraine was cancelled after she tested positive for COVID-19 on 31 January 2022.[151]

On 6 February 2022, Truss warned that "China must respect the Falklands' sovereignty" and defended the Falkland Islands as "part of the British family" after China backed Argentina's claim over islands.[152]

In October 2022, it was revealed that Truss's phone was hacked during her service as the foreign minister with Russian spies under suspicion for the act.[153]

Russia and Ukraine

On 10 February 2022, Truss again met Lavrov. In the context of tensions between Russia and the West over a build-up of Russian troops near the Russia–Ukraine border, talks between the two foreign ministers were described as "difficult".[154] Lavrov described the discussion as "turning out like the conversation of a mute and a deaf person".[155] He dismissed "demands to remove Russian troops from Russian territory" as "regrettable" and asked Truss if she recognised Russia's sovereignty over the Voronezh and Rostov regions,[156] two Russian provinces where Russian troops were deployed.[157] Later that day, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office prepared legislation to allow for more sanctions on Russian organisations and individuals.[158] On 21 February 2022, Truss condemned Russia's diplomatic recognition of two self-proclaimed separatist republics in the Donbas in Ukraine.[159] She also stated that the British government would announce new sanctions against Russia.[160]

 
Truss with her Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba in Kyiv, February 2022

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, Truss was asked in a BBC interview on 27 February about a call from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for foreigners to join the newly formed International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine, and if she supported British volunteers joining, to which she responded: "Absolutely, if that is what they want to do".[161] The comments were criticised by some Conservative colleagues, including former Attorney General Dominic Grieve, who said that while "the comments of the foreign secretary may be entirely honourable and understandable", people going to Ukraine to fight without formal licences from the UK government would be in breach of the Foreign Enlistment Act 1870 and committing a criminal offence.[162] Following the Russian military's being placed on high nuclear alert on 27 February, Russian officials said it was in response to Truss's comments.[163] Boris Johnson's spokesperson later stated that British citizens should not travel to Ukraine to fight the Russians and dismissed a claim by the Kremlin that comments from Truss prompted the nuclear alert.[164]

At the end of February, Truss called on the G7 countries to limit the import of oil and natural gas from Russia.[165] She said the Russo-Ukrainian War could "last for years" and that it could mark the "beginning of the end" for Putin.[166] In March, Truss said it was necessary to "work with all of our allies around the world", including Saudi Arabia, so that the UK is no longer "dependent" on Russia for oil and natural gas.[167] She wanted to push Russia's economy "back into the Soviet era".[168] On 27 April 2022, Truss said that Western allies, including the UK, must "double down" and "keep going further and faster" to "push Russia out of the whole of Ukraine", including Crimea.[169][170] In July 2022, she blamed Putin for the emerging global energy and food crises.[171][172]

July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election

 
Logo for Truss's leadership bid

On 10 July 2022, Truss announced her intention to run in the Conservative Party leadership election to replace Boris Johnson. She pledged to cut taxes on day one if elected, and said she would "fight the election as a Conservative and govern as a Conservative", adding that she would also take "immediate action to help people deal with the cost of living".[173] She said she would cancel a planned rise in corporation tax and reverse the recent increase in National Insurance rates, funded by delaying the date by which the national debt is planned to fall, as part of a "long-term plan to bring down the size of the state and the tax burden".[174]

On 20 July, Truss and former chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak were chosen by Conservative Party MPs to be put forward to the membership for the final leadership vote. She finished second in the final MPs ballot, receiving 113 votes to Sunak's 137 votes.[175][176] In the membership vote, it was announced on 5 September that 57.4% of ballots were for Truss, making her the new leader.[176]

Prime Minister (2022)

 
Truss arriving at 10 Downing Street after her audience with Queen Elizabeth II on 6 September 2022

As the elected leader of the Conservatives, the majority party in Parliament, Truss was appointed the new Prime Minister by Queen Elizabeth II at Balmoral Castle on 6 September 2022.[177]

Cabinet

 
Truss chairing the first meeting of her cabinet

Truss began appointing her cabinet and to other government positions on 6 September 2022.[178] With the appointment of Kwasi Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer, James Cleverly as Foreign Secretary, and Suella Braverman as Home Secretary, for the first time in British political history, no white men held positions in the Great Offices of State.[179]

Other key appointments included Thérèse Coffey as Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary, Brandon Lewis as Justice Secretary, Nadhim Zahawi as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Chris Heaton-Harris as Northern Ireland Secretary, Jake Berry as Minister without Portfolio and Party chairman, Jacob Rees-Mogg as Business Secretary, Simon Clarke as Housing Secretary, Kemi Badenoch as Secretary of State for International Trade, Chloe Smith as Work and Pensions Secretary, Kit Malthouse as Education Secretary, Ranil Jayawardena as Environment Secretary, Anne-Marie Trevelyan as Transport Secretary, and Michael Ellis as Attorney General for England and Wales.[180]

Truss retained Ben Wallace as Defence Secretary, Alok Sharma as President for COP26, Alister Jack as Scotland Secretary, Robert Buckland as Wales Secretary, and James Heappey as Minister of State for the Armed Forces and Veterans.[181]

Death of Queen Elizabeth II

Truss was the fifteenth and final British Prime Minister to serve under Elizabeth II, with the Queen dying two days after appointing Truss as Prime Minister.[182] Queen Elizabeth II's death at the age of 96 was announced by Buckingham Palace on 8 September 2022 at 18:30.[183] Truss delivered a statement outside 10 Downing Street paying tribute to the Queen, stating that "Queen Elizabeth II was the rock on which modern Britain was built."[184] A 1994 clip emerged around this time of Truss branding the monarchy "disgraceful" and advocating for republicanism when she was the president of the Oxford University Liberal Democrats.[185]

On 9 September, the House of Commons began two days of special tributes to the Queen and started the suspension of Parliament until 21 September during the national mourning period.[186] On 10 September, Truss attended the Accession Ceremony of King Charles III[187] and took an oath of allegiance to the King with fellow senior MPs.[188] On 12 September, Charles III addressed Parliament for the first time as monarch.[189] Truss attended the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey on 19 September 2022, where she read a lesson during the service.[190]

Domestic policies

Shortly after her appointment, and in response to the cost of living crisis, Truss announced a two-year cap on the price per unit for domestic energy supplies called the Energy Price Guarantee,[191] which the government said would cap average household energy bills at £2,500 per year,[192] while costing the state between £70 and £140 billion.[193][194]

On 23 September 2022, Kwarteng announced a controversial mini-budget encapsulating Trussonomics, which proposed cutting taxation significantly, abolishing the 45% top income tax rate, cutting the basic rate of income tax, cancelling rises in national insurance contributions and corporation tax, abolishing the proposed Health and Social Care Levy, and cutting stamp duty, policies that were to be funded by borrowing.[195] The budget was poorly received by financial markets, blamed for a rapid fall in the value of the pound, and prompted a response from the Bank of England.[196][197] The budget was criticised by the International Monetary Fund,[198][199] US President Joe Biden,[200] the opposition Labour Party and many within Truss's party, including senior politicians Michael Gove and Grant Shapps.[201] It was highly unpopular with the public, and contributed to a large fall in popularity of the Conservative party and for Truss personally.[202]

After initially defending the mini-budget, Truss instructed Kwarteng to reverse the abolition of the 45% income tax additional rate on 3 October.[203] She later reversed the cut in corporation tax and sacked Kwarteng, replacing him with Jeremy Hunt on 14 October.[201] Hunt reversed the remaining policies announced in the mini-budget, with the exception of the cuts to national insurance contributions and the raising of the stamp duty threshold.[204] Hunt also reduced the Energy Price Guarantee from two years to six months.[205]

Foreign policy

 
Truss with US President Joe Biden in September 2022

During her first three weeks as prime minister, Truss had "a speaking role before hundreds of world leaders" at the Queen's funeral, and held "a round of diplomatic meetings on the sideline" at the United Nations General Assembly on 21 September,[206] as well as giving a speech in which she said that she wanted people to keep more of their earnings.[207][208]

Resignation

 
Truss announcing her resignation as Conservative leader on 20 October 2022

On 20 October 2022 and her 45th day in office, Truss announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party and her intention to resign as prime minister saying that "given the situation, I cannot deliver the mandate on which I was elected by the Conservative Party."[209] In the same announcement, Truss said that after speaking with the chairman of the 1922 Committee, Sir Graham Brady, they both agreed that there would be a leadership election "to be completed within the next week". Her resignation as prime minister was accepted by Charles III at an audience at Buckingham Palace. She was succeeded by Rishi Sunak as leader of the Conservative Party on 24 October, and advised Charles III to summon Sunak for an audience and for appointment as the new prime minister on 25 October. She became the shortest-serving prime minister of the United Kingdom in history.[210]

Truss said that she would remain in the House of Commons as a backbencher.[211] The short length of her premiership was the subject of much ridicule, including a livestream of a head of lettuce comparing the shelf-life of the vegetable to her remaining tenure.[212]

Political positions

Economics

Truss is known for her economically liberal views and her support for free trade.[213] She supports the neoliberal philosophy of supply-side economics, often referred to derogatorily as "trickle-down economics".[214][215][216] She founded the Free Enterprise Group of Conservative MPs, a pro-free market collection of parliamentarians arguing for a more entrepreneurial economy and fewer employment laws.[217] After the September 2022 mini-budget, Truss fired her Chancellor of the Exchequer, Kwasi Kwarteng, after 38 days in office.[218] She replaced him with Jeremy Hunt, leading Faisal Islam of BBC News to write that "Trussonomics" is effectively dead.[219]

Foreign policy

 
Protesters outside Downing Street highlighting the UK's complicity in Saudi Arabia's bombing campaign against Yemen

Truss was described as a hawkish foreign secretary.[220] She has called for Britain to reduce economic dependency on China and Russia and has supported certain diplomatic and economic sanctions imposed by the British government against China, including barring the Chinese ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang from entering Parliament, in response to China's retaliatory sanctions due to Xinjiang.[221][222] She accused Rishi Sunak of "seeking closer economic relations" with China.[223] Truss has been a strong supporter of Taiwan in the context of deteriorating cross strait relations, but, citing precedent, has said she would not visit the island nation if she was elected prime minister.[224][225][226] She described the Chinese government's treatment of the Uyghur people as "genocide".[227][228]

She stated that the UK and Turkey are "key European NATO allies" and called for UK–Turkey cooperation on "energy, defence and security" to be deepened.[229] Truss said she would continue to support Cyprus in its "efforts for reunification under international law and in helping find a peaceful and lasting solution" to the Cyprus conflict between Greek Cypriots and Turkish-backed Turkish Cypriot separatists.[230]

In 2022 she called Saudi Arabia an "ally", but said she was not "condoning" the country's policies.[167][231] Truss promised to "review" moving the British embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.[232]

Brexit

Truss supported the United Kingdom's remaining in the European Union during the 2016 referendum.[233]

Since the referendum, Truss has supported Brexit; in 2017, she said that if another referendum were held, she would vote for Brexit, saying: "I believed there would be massive economic problems but those haven't come to pass and I've also seen the opportunities."[234] In the July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election, Truss said of her support for Remain that "I was wrong and I am prepared to admit I was wrong".[235] She added that "some of the portents of doom didn't happen and instead we have actually unleashed new opportunities" after Brexit.[235] Her support of Brexit during these debates made her popular with the Conservative party members who selected her as prime minister during this leadership election.[236]

Social and cultural issues

On culture, Truss has said that the Conservative Party should "reject the zero-sum game of identity politics, we reject the illiberalism of cancel culture, and we reject the soft bigotry of low expectations that holds so many people back".[237] She has also suggested that Britain should not ignore the history of the British Empire, but should embrace the country's history "warts and all" if it is to compete with hostile states.[238] In 2021, Truss voted to decriminalise abortion in Northern Ireland and abstained from voting on the introduction of "buffer zones" outside of abortion clinics.[239]

On LGBTQ+ rights, Truss, according to Reuters, voted for gay marriage and has never voted against LGBTQ+ rights, but has also moved to limit transgender rights.[240] She spoke against gender self-identification, stating that "medical checks are important". She said that she agreed that "only women have a cervix".[241] She also stated that the government departments should withdraw from Stonewall's diversity champions scheme.[242] Despite initially supporting single-sex services being restricted on the basis of biological sex, she later said in February 2022 that the Government was not interested in enacting such a measure.[243]

Energy and environment

 
Truss and Armenian President Armen Sarkissian at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, 2021

As environment secretary, Truss supported a new strategy on bees and other pollinators, and advocated for gardeners to reduce lawnmower use to reduce impacts on them (see Environment Secretary section for more details).[96]

Truss signed the Conservative Environment Pledge on the website of the Conservative Environment Network (CEN),[244][245] which has the support of 127 Conservative MPs.[246] By signing the CEN pledge, Truss committed to achieving the UK's net-zero target on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050[245][247] and in 2022, said that she wanted to do this "in a way that doesn't harm businesses or consumers".[248] As part of the energy crisis measures, a temporary suspension of green levies on domestic bills starting on 1 October was announced by the Government,[249] with schemes previously funded by the levies now being funded by government.[250]

As reported in The Daily Telegraph, Truss planned to scrap an environmental rule called the "nutrient neutrality" requirement.[251] This rule requires details from the developers about how their proposals might pollute rivers and wetlands and is implemented by the non-departmental public body Natural England.[251] UK Government support for nutrient neutrality is outlined in a policy paper from March 2022 "Nutrient pollution: reducing the impact on protected sites".[252]

As part of a two-year plan to ensure British energy security, Truss's government issued the 33rd round of offshore licences on 7 October 2022 (the first since 2019–2020) with as many as 100 set to be awarded.[253][254] Nearly 900 locations are being offered for exploration, with a fast-track for parts of the North Sea near existing infrastructure.[253][254] Opposition has come from Greenpeace, among others, who say that this energy policy benefits fossil-fuel companies and will have little impact on prices.[253]

The ban on fracking for shale gas was lifted in September 2022 as the moratorium in place since 2019 was scrapped.[255][256] The lifting of the ban has given companies the go-ahead to apply for planning permission to extract shale gas in the U.K.[255] Fracking was banned by the government in November 2019 after a report by the Oil and Gas Authority found that it was not possible at that time to predict the probability or strength of earthquakes caused by fracking.[257][258]

While PM, Truss was wanting to ban solar farms from about 58% of agricultural land.[259] In October 2022, her spokesperson confirmed that plans to ban solar farming from agricultural land were going ahead.[259] While not against the use of solar panels, in August 2022 Truss said that she thought that it was "one of the most depressing sights" to see fields full of solar panels, instead of being full of crops or livestock.[260] She has proposed that solar panel use should be restricted to commercial roofs.[260]

Truss has supported the construction of small modular reactors and large nuclear power facilities in different parts of the United Kingdom.[261][262][263] While foreign secretary, she cautioned against Chinese involvement in British infrastructure, including nuclear power stations.[264]

As outlined in the Government's Hydrogen Strategy and included as part of Truss's energy crisis solutions, building hydrogen production facilities was to be a key part of the UK energy supply.[265][266] A company has been given the green light to build a 6 Megawatt electrolyser at the Sizewell nuclear power stations site and will involve the Freeport East Hydrogen Hub in Felixstowe/Harwich.[267] Hydrogen production can involve water generation, called "green", or fossil fuel generation, called "grey" and "blue".[268]

A press release from Truss and the FCDO, after the COP26 summit in Glasgow, ended by saying that the UK was committed to supporting green enterprises and would help countries globally to deliver green, sustainable growth and economic development,[269] while a statement by Truss at the end of a G7 foreign and development ministers' meeting in December 2021 outlined a commitment from them to work together to keep to the COP27 target for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees.[270]

As part of the Growth Plan set out by Government in September 2022, proposals were made to limit the ability of councils in England to block the construction of onshore windfarms, a reversal of policy implemented in 2016 as part of the National Planning Policy Framework.[271][272] The Government said that it would bring UK planning policy for onshore wind farming in line with existing rules, which could allow infrastructure to be more easily deployed.[271]

Personal life

In 2000, Truss married Hugh O'Leary, a fellow accountant;[28][273] the couple have two daughters.[274] From 2004 until mid-2005, she had an extramarital affair with the married MP Mark Field,[275] whom the Conservative Party had appointed as her political mentor. She remains married to O'Leary.[274]

In 2022, Truss said: "I share the values of the Christian faith and the Church of England, but I'm not a regular practising religious person."[276]

Publications

  • Kounine, Laura; Marks, John; Truss, Elizabeth (June 2008). (PDF). London: Reform. ISBN 978-1-905730-09-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2009.
  • Bassett, Dale; Cawston, Thomas; Thraves, Laurie; Truss, Elizabeth (June 2009). A new level (PDF). London: Reform. ISBN 978-1-905730-19-3.
  • Truss, Elizabeth; Bosanquet, Nick (September 2009). Risky Business: "Nudging" you to make the "right" choices (PDF). London: Chartered Insurance Institute.
  • Truss, Elizabeth (15 March 2011). . Centre forum. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi; Patel, Priti; Raab, Dominic; Skidmore, Chris; Truss, Liz (2011). After the Coalition. London: Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84954-212-8.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi; Patel, Priti; Raab, Dominic; Skidmore, Chris; Truss, Liz (2012). Britannia Unchained. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1137032232.
  • Truss, Elizabeth (May 2012). (PDF). Centre forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  • Truss, Elizabeth (30 April 2016). "EU membership – benefits for animal health and welfare". Veterinary Record. 178 (18): 435. doi:10.1136/vr.i2349. PMID 27127086. S2CID 42245508.

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ As Minister for Equalities.
  2. ^ If not including Eleanor of Provence, who exercised the powers of the Lord Chancellor in 1253 but was not formally appointed to the office.[103]

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External links

truss, been, suggested, that, trussonomics, merged, into, this, article, discuss, proposed, since, october, 2022, mary, elizabeth, truss, born, july, 1975, british, politician, served, prime, minister, united, kingdom, leader, conservative, party, from, septem. It has been suggested that Trussonomics be merged into this article Discuss Proposed since October 2022 Mary Elizabeth Truss born 26 July 1975 is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from September to October 2022 On her fiftieth day in office she stepped down amid a government crisis 1 2 making her the shortest serving prime minister in the history of the United Kingdom 3 Truss previously held various Cabinet positions under prime ministers David Cameron Theresa May and Boris Johnson lastly as foreign secretary from 2021 to 2022 She has been Member of Parliament MP for South West Norfolk since 2010 The Right HonourableLiz TrussMPOfficial portrait 2022Prime Minister of the United KingdomIn office 6 September 2022 25 October 2022MonarchsElizabeth IICharles IIIDeputyTherese CoffeyPreceded byBoris JohnsonSucceeded byRishi SunakLeader of the Conservative PartyIn office 5 September 2022 24 October 2022Preceded byBoris JohnsonSucceeded byRishi SunakMinisterial offices 2012 2022Secretary of State for Foreign Commonwealth and Development AffairsIn office 15 September 2021 6 September 2022Prime MinisterBoris JohnsonPreceded byDominic RaabSucceeded byJames CleverlyMinister for Women and EqualitiesIn office 10 September 2019 6 September 2022Prime MinisterBoris JohnsonPreceded byAmber RuddSucceeded byNadhim Zahawi a Secretary of State for International TradePresident of the Board of TradeIn office 24 July 2019 15 September 2021Prime MinisterBoris JohnsonPreceded byLiam FoxSucceeded byAnne Marie TrevelyanChief Secretary to the TreasuryIn office 11 June 2017 24 July 2019Prime MinisterTheresa MayPreceded byDavid GaukeSucceeded byRishi SunakSecretary of State for JusticeLord ChancellorIn office 14 July 2016 11 June 2017Prime MinisterTheresa MayPreceded byMichael GoveSucceeded byDavid LidingtonSecretary of State for Environment Food and Rural AffairsIn office 15 July 2014 14 July 2016Prime MinisterDavid CameronPreceded byOwen PatersonSucceeded byAndrea LeadsomParliamentary Under Secretary of State for Childcare and EducationIn office 4 September 2012 15 July 2014Prime MinisterDavid CameronPreceded bySarah TeatherSucceeded bySam GyimahMember of Parliamentfor South West NorfolkIncumbentAssumed office 6 May 2010Preceded byChristopher FraserMajority26 195 50 9 Personal detailsBornMary Elizabeth Truss 1975 07 26 26 July 1975 age 47 Oxford EnglandPolitical partyConservative since 1996 Other politicalaffiliationsLiberal Democrats until 1996 SpouseHugh O Leary m 2000 wbr Children2ParentJohn Truss father EducationMerton College Oxford BA SignatureWebsitewww wbr elizabethtruss wbr comTruss attended Merton College Oxford and was the president of Oxford University Liberal Democrats 4 In 1996 she joined the Conservative Party 5 She worked at Shell and Cable amp Wireless and was the deputy director of the think tank Reform After two unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons she was elected as the MP for South West Norfolk at the 2010 UK general election 6 As a backbencher she called for reform in several policy areas including childcare mathematics education and the economy Truss founded the Free Enterprise Group of Thatcherite Conservative MPs and wrote or co wrote a number of papers and books including After the Coalition 2011 and Britannia Unchained 2012 Truss served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Childcare and Education from 2012 to 2014 before Cameron appointed her Secretary of State for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs in his 2014 cabinet reshuffle Although she supported the Britain Stronger in Europe campaign for the UK to remain in the European Union Truss supported Brexit after the outcome of the 2016 referendum Following Cameron s resignation in 2016 his successor May appointed Truss as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor making Truss the first woman to serve as Lord Chancellor in the office s thousand year history After the 2017 general election Truss was appointed Chief Secretary to the Treasury After May resigned in 2019 Truss supported Johnson s successful bid to become Conservative leader and prime minister after which he appointed Truss as Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade in July 2019 she subsequently took on the additional role of Minister for Women and Equalities in September 2019 Johnson promoted Truss to Foreign Secretary in the 2021 cabinet reshuffle During her time in the position Truss co chaired the EU UK Partnership Council led negotiations on the Northern Ireland Protocol and was involved in the UK s response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Truss defeated Rishi Sunak in the Conservative Party leadership election to succeed Johnson who had resigned in an earlier government crisis Truss was appointed prime minister by Queen Elizabeth II two days before the Queen s death To tackle the cost of living crisis and energy supply crisis Truss s government announced the Energy Price Guarantee to limit energy prices for households businesses and public sector organisations Her government then announced large scale borrowing and tax cuts in a mini budget which was widely criticised and largely reversed having led to financial instability Facing mounting criticism and loss of confidence in her leadership Truss announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party 7 Sunak was elected unopposed as her successor 8 and replaced her as prime minister 9 Truss remains in the House of Commons as a backbencher Contents 1 Early life 2 Professional career 3 Political career 3 1 Parliamentary candidatures 3 2 Parliamentary career 4 Ministerial career 4 1 Junior ministerial career 2012 2014 4 2 Environment Secretary 2014 2016 4 3 Justice Secretary and Lord Chancellor 2016 2017 4 4 Chief Secretary to the Treasury 2017 2019 4 5 International Trade Secretary 2019 2021 4 6 Foreign Secretary 2021 2022 4 6 1 Russia and Ukraine 4 7 July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election 5 Prime Minister 2022 5 1 Cabinet 5 2 Death of Queen Elizabeth II 5 3 Domestic policies 5 4 Foreign policy 5 5 Resignation 6 Political positions 6 1 Economics 6 2 Foreign policy 6 2 1 Brexit 6 3 Social and cultural issues 6 4 Energy and environment 7 Personal life 8 Publications 9 Explanatory notes 10 References 11 External linksEarly lifeMary Elizabeth Truss 10 was born on 26 July 1975 in Oxford England to John Truss and Priscilla Truss nee Grasby 11 12 13 She is a descendant of Charles Truss after whom Truss s Island on the River Thames is named 14 Truss has three younger brothers Chris Patrick and Francis 15 From an early age she has been known by her middle name 16 Her father is an emeritus professor of pure mathematics at the University of Leeds while her mother was a nurse and teacher 17 18 Truss has described her parents as being to the left of Labour her mother was a member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 18 19 When Truss later stood for election to Parliament as a Conservative her mother agreed to campaign for her while her father declined to do so 19 20 Truss s parents divorced in 2003 at the 2004 Leeds City Council election her mother unsuccessfully stood for election as a Liberal Democrat 11 21 The family moved to Paisley Renfrewshire in Scotland when she was four years old living there from 1979 to 1985 22 with Truss attending West Primary School 13 19 She then attended Roundhay School a comprehensive school in the Roundhay area of Leeds 23 which she later said had let down children 24 a claim disputed by others 23 Aged 12 she spent a year in Burnaby British Columbia where she attended Parkcrest Elementary School while her father taught at Simon Fraser University 25 Truss has praised the coherent curriculum and the Canadian attitude that it was really good to be top of the class which she contrasts to her education at Roundhay School 19 Truss was remembered by adolescent classmates as a studious girl with geeky friends She reportedly had an interest in social issues such as homelessness 11 She read philosophy politics and economics PPE at Merton College Oxford graduating in 1996 26 Truss was active in the Liberal Democrats She was president of Oxford University Liberal Democrats and a member of the national executive committee of Liberal Democrat Youth and Students LDYS During her time as a Liberal Democrat Truss supported the legalisation of cannabis and the abolition of the monarchy 27 28 29 and campaigned against the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 30 31 Truss joined the Conservative Party in 1996 32 33 Professional careerFrom 1996 to 2000 Truss worked for Shell during which time she qualified as a Chartered Management Accountant ACMA in 1999 34 In 2000 Truss was employed by Cable amp Wireless and rose to economic director before leaving in 2005 35 After losing her first two elections Truss became the full time deputy director of Reform in January 2008 36 where she advocated more rigorous academic standards in schools a greater focus on tackling serious and organised crime and urgent action to deal with Britain s falling competitiveness 36 She co authored The Value of Mathematics 37 Fit for Purpose 38 A New Level 39 and Back To Black Budget 2009 Paper 40 41 among other reports Political careerTruss served as the chair of the Lewisham Deptford Conservative Association from 1998 to 2000 32 Truss unsuccessfully contested the Greenwich London Borough Council elections in 1998 for Vanbrugh ward and 2002 in Blackheath Westcombe 42 43 On 4 May 2006 she was elected as a councillor for Eltham South in the 2006 Greenwich London Borough Council election 44 Truss did not seek re election to the council on 6 May 2010 with the 2010 UK general election being announced on 6 April 2010 the Dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010 and the last day to file MP nomination papers 20 April 2010 44 45 Parliamentary candidatures At the 2001 UK general election Truss stood for the constituency of Hemsworth in West Yorkshire a safe seat for the Labour Party She came a distant second but increased the Conservative vote by 3 2 46 47 Before the 2005 UK general election the parliamentary candidate for Calder Valley Sue Catling was pressured to resign by the local Conservative Association 48 whereupon Truss was selected to fight the seat which is also in West Yorkshire Truss narrowly lost the election to the Labour Party incumbent Under David Cameron as Conservative leader Truss was added to the party s A List 47 In October 2009 she was selected for the South West Norfolk seat by members of the constituency Conservative Association She won over 50 of the vote in the first round of the final against five other candidates 49 50 Shortly after her selection some members of the constituency association objected to Truss s selection due to her failing to declare a prior affair with the married Conservative MP Mark Field 51 A motion was proposed to terminate Truss s candidature but this was defeated by 132 votes to 37 at a general meeting of the association s members three weeks later 52 Parliamentary career Following her election to the House of Commons on 6 May 2010 Truss campaigned for issues including the retention of the RAF Tornado base at RAF Marham in her constituency 53 over seven months she asked 13 questions in the Commons about RAF Marham secured a special debate on the subject wrote dozens of letters to ministers and collected signatures on a petition which was delivered to Downing Street 54 From the start of her parliamentary career she also lobbied for the dualling of the A11 west of Thetford 55 the work was completed in 2014 56 With an eye on Thetford Forest in her constituency she spoke out against the proposal to sell off forests 57 and played a leading role in preventing a waste incinerator being built at King s Lynn 54 In March 2011 Truss wrote a paper for the liberal think tank CentreForum in which she argued for an end to bias against serious academic subjects in the education system so that social mobility can be improved 58 Truss wrote a further paper for the same think tank in May 2012 in which she argued for change in the structure of the childcare market in Britain 59 In October 2011 Truss founded the Free Enterprise Group which has been supported by over 40 other Conservative MPs 60 In September 2011 together with four other members of the Free Enterprise Group she had co authored After the Coalition a book which sought to challenge the consensus that Britain s economic decline is inevitable by arguing for the return of a more entrepreneurial and meritocratic culture 61 Britannia Unchained was published on 13 September 2012 by the same authors as above In Chapter 4 which is named Work Ethic page 61 the book states Once they enter the workplace the British are among the worst idlers in the world We work among the lowest hours we retire early and our productivity is poor 62 63 During a BBC leadership debate in July 2022 Truss said that the authors had each written a different chapter of the book and that Dominic Raab had written chapter 4 which contains those claims 64 65 Raab later remarked that the authors had taken collective responsibility for the book 64 As part of a serialisation in The Daily Telegraph Truss wrote an article previewing Britannia Unchained 66 The book was promoted by its publishers as the work of the Conservative Party s rising stars 67 Truss has championed Britain following Germany s lead in allowing people to have tax free and less heavily regulated mini jobs 68 Since Truss published a paper on the policy for the Free Enterprise Group in February 2012 the policy has been examined by the Treasury as a policy to promote growth 69 70 Truss has campaigned for improved teaching of more rigorous school subjects especially mathematics citation needed She noted in 2012 that only 20 of British students studied maths to 18 71 and called for maths classes to be compulsory for all those in full time education 72 Truss herself studied maths and further maths at A level 71 She argued in 2011 that comprehensive school pupils were being mis sold easy low value subjects to boost school results comprehensive school pupils were six times as likely to take media studies at A level as privately educated pupils 73 Truss also criticised the over reliance on calculators to the detriment of mental arithmetic 74 From March 2011 Truss was a Member of the Justice Select Committee 75 remaining on the committee until her appointment as a government minister Ministerial careerJunior ministerial career 2012 2014 On 4 September 2012 Truss was appointed as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Education responsible for childcare and early learning assessment qualifications curriculum reform behaviour and attendance and school food review 76 In this role she developed some of the policy areas that she had pursued as a backbencher In January 2013 she announced proposals to reform A Levels by concentrating examinations at the end of two year courses 77 She sought to improve British standards in maths for fear that children are falling behind those in Asian countries 78 and led a fact finding visit to schools and teacher training centres in Shanghai in February 2014 to see how children there have become the best in the world at maths 79 Truss also outlined plans to reform childcare in England which would overhaul childcare qualifications and increase the maximum number of children relative to adults in a care establishment with the intention of widening the availability of childcare along with increasing pay and qualifications among staff 80 The proposed reforms were broadly welcomed by some organisations such as the charity 4Children 81 the Confederation of British Industry 82 and the College of West Anglia 83 The proposals met opposition from others The TUC general secretary Frances O Grady and the then Shadow Education Secretary Stephen Twigg were among those criticising the reforms 84 and were echoed by some parents and childcare bodies such as the charity National Day Nurseries Association 85 The columnist Polly Toynbee was highly critical of the minister s plans and challenged Truss to demonstrate how to care for two babies alongside four toddlers on her own 86 Truss responded to Toynbee s challenge by saying that being an early educator was a very demanding job requiring great and specialist expertise for which she was not trained 87 In the event aspects of the reforms relating to relaxation of childcare ratios were blocked by the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg 88 who said The response not just from nurseries but overwhelmingly from parent groups was they thought this was a bad idea 89 Environment Secretary 2014 2016 Official portrait of Truss as Environment Secretary 2014 In a 15 July 2014 cabinet reshuffle Truss was appointed Secretary of State for Environment Food and Rural affairs replacing Owen Paterson In apparent contrast to her predecessor 90 Truss declared that she fully believed that climate change is happening 91 and that human beings have contributed to that 92 She became a member of the Privy Council the next day 93 At the Conservative Party conference in September 2014 Truss made a speech in which she said We import two thirds of our cheese that is a disgrace and In December I ll be in Beijing opening up new pork markets The awkwardness of her delivery led her to be widely mocked and clips of the speech went viral 94 95 In November 2014 Truss launched a new 10 year bee and pollinator strategy to try to reverse the trend of falling bee populations 96 including a strategy to revive traditional meadows which provide the most fertile habitat for pollinators In July 2015 she approved the limited temporary lifting of an EU ban on the use of two neonicotinoid pesticides enabling their use for 120 days on about 5 of England s oilseed rape crop to ward off the cabbage stem flea beetle 97 campaigners in 2012 warned that pesticides were shown to harm bees by damaging their renowned ability to navigate home 98 Truss cut taxpayer subsidies for solar panels on agricultural land as her view was that the land could be better used to grow crops food and vegetables 99 She described farming and food as hotbeds of innovation 100 and promoted the production and export of British food 101 In March 2015 she was one of two cabinet ministers to vote against the government s successful proposal to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes in what was technically a free vote 102 Justice Secretary and Lord Chancellor 2016 2017 Official portrait of Truss as MP 2017 On 14 July 2016 Truss was appointed as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor in the First May ministry Truss became the first woman to hold either position and the first female Lord Chancellor in the thousand year history of the office b May s decision to appoint her was criticised by the then Minister of State for Justice Lord Faulks who resigned from the government questioning whether Truss would have the clout to be able to stand up to the prime minister when necessary on behalf of the judges 104 Truss herself said that he did not contact her before going public with his criticism and she had never met or spoken to him 105 In November 2016 Truss was further criticised including by the former Attorney General Dominic Grieve and the Criminal Bar Association for failing to support more robustly the judiciary and the principle of judicial independence after three judges of the Divisional Court came under attack from politicians and from the Daily Mail for ruling against the government in R Miller v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union 106 Lord Falconer the former Lord Chancellor who had previously suggested that like her immediate predecessors Chris Grayling and Michael Gove Truss lacked the essential legal expertise that the constitution requires called for her to be sacked as Justice Secretary as her perceived inadequate response signals to the judges that they have lost their constitutional protector 107 Truss denied she had failed to defend the judges An independent judiciary is the cornerstone of the rule of law vital to our constitution and freedoms she wrote It is my duty as Lord Chancellor to defend that independence I swore to do so under my oath of office I take that very seriously and I will always do so 108 She also said that the independent judiciary was robust enough to withstand attack by The Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail 109 In March 2017 the Lord Chief Justice Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd told the House of Lords constitution select committee that Truss was completely and utterly wrong to say she could not criticise the media and reiterated the importance of protecting judges 110 Following a significant rise in prison violence incidents in 2015 and 2016 111 in November 2016 Truss announced a 1 3 billion investment programme in the prison service and the recruitment of 2 500 additional prison officers partly reversing the cuts made under the previous coalition government 112 113 Chief Secretary to the Treasury 2017 2019 Following the 2017 UK general election Truss was moved on 11 June to the position of Chief Secretary to the Treasury attending the cabinet but not a full member of it in what was seen by some as a demotion 114 Truss developed an enthusiasm for cultivating her presence on Twitter and Instagram The Times described this as an unorthodox approach that had won her fans 115 116 She was also closely involved in the launch of the free market campaign group Freer 117 Some of her civil servants were reported as finding her tenure as chief secretary exhausting because of her demanding work schedule and her habit of asking officials multiplication questions at random intervals 118 In June 2018 Truss gave a speech outlining her declared commitment to freedom and individual liberty She criticised regulations that get in the way of people s lives and warned that raising taxes could see the Conservatives being crushed at the polls 119 in particular she criticised ministerial colleagues who she said should realise that it s not macho just to demand more money It s much tougher to demand better value and challenge the blob of vested interests within your department 120 In 2019 Truss declared that she could be a candidate for the leadership of the Conservative Party to succeed May 121 She ultimately elected not to stand and instead endorsed Johnson 122 International Trade Secretary 2019 2021 After Johnson became Prime Minister Truss was tipped for promotion in return for her support during his leadership campaign during which she advised Johnson on economic policy and was the architect of plans to cut taxes for people earning over 50 000 118 Consequently it was thought she would be appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer or Business Secretary but she was instead promoted to the position of Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade 123 Following the resignation of Amber Rudd Truss was additionally appointed Minister for Women and Equalities Twice in September 2019 Truss said that the Department for International Trade had inadvertently allowed shipping of radio spares and an air cooler to Saudi Arabia in contravention of an order of the Court of Appeal which found that UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia for use in the war in Yemen were unlawful 124 125 126 While Truss apologised to a Commons committee on arms export controls opposition MPs said her apology was insufficient and called for her to resign for breaking the law 127 On 19 March 2020 Truss introduced to Parliament the Trade Act 2021 which established the legal framework for the UK to conduct trade deals with nations around the world 128 129 On 7 July 2020 Truss announced the lifting of a year long ban on the export of arms and military equipment to Saudi Arabia 130 She said that there is not a clear risk that the export of arms and military equipment to Saudi Arabia might be used in the commission of a serious violation of international humanitarian law 131 In August 2020 a number of meetings Truss held with the Institute of Economic Affairs were removed from the public record because they were recategorised as personal discussions which the Labour Party said raised concerns about integrity transparency and honesty in public office 132 Truss undertook negotiations for a post Brexit free trade agreement between the UK and Japan 133 An agreement between the two countries was struck in September 2020 which Truss said would result in 99 of exports to Japan being tariff free It was the first major trade deal the UK had signed since leaving the European Union and was hailed as a historic moment by Truss it mostly copied the existing trade deal the EU had agreed with Japan 134 135 This was followed by newly negotiated trade deals with Australia New Zealand Norway Iceland and Liechtenstein 136 In December 2020 Truss made a speech on equality policy in which she stated that the UK focused too heavily on fashionable race sexuality and gender issues at the expense of poverty and geographical disparity In the speech she announced that the government and civil service would no longer be receiving unconscious bias training 137 138 Foreign Secretary 2021 2022 Main article Liz Truss tenure as Foreign Secretary Official portrait of Truss as Foreign Secretary 2022 On 15 September 2021 during a cabinet reshuffle Johnson promoted Truss from International Trade Secretary to Secretary of State for Foreign Commonwealth and Development affairs 139 At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow she said that France had acted unacceptably during the Jersey fishing dispute 140 In October 2021 she called on Russia to intervene in the Belarus European Union border crisis 141 and said she wanted a closer trading and investment relationship with the Gulf Cooperation Council which includes Saudi Arabia and Qatar 142 In November 2021 Truss and her Israeli counterpart Yair Lapid announced a new decade long deal aimed at stopping Iran from developing nuclear weapons 143 In December 2021 she met her Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Stockholm urging Russia to seek peace in Ukraine in the context of the Russo Ukrainian War 144 On 5 November 2021 she called for a ceasefire in the Tigray War between Ethiopian rebel groups and the Ethiopian government led by Abiy Ahmed saying that there is no military solution and that negotiations are needed to avoid bloodshed and deliver lasting peace 145 In January 2022 the former Australian prime minister Paul Keating who serves on the international board of the China Development Bank 146 accused Truss of making demented comments about Chinese military aggression in the Pacific saying that Britain suffers delusions of grandeur and relevance deprivation 147 Truss meeting with the US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Washington March 2022Truss was appointed in December 2021 as the British Government s chief negotiator with the EU following the resignation of Lord Frost 148 On 30 January 2022 she told the BBC s Sunday Morning programme that we are supplying and offering extra support into our Baltic allies across the Black Sea as well as supplying the Ukrainians with defensive weapons 149 The Russian diplomat Maria Zakharova commented using social media that the Baltic states are located on or near the Baltic Sea and not the Black Sea which is 700 miles away from the Baltic 150 Truss s scheduled trip to Ukraine was cancelled after she tested positive for COVID 19 on 31 January 2022 151 On 6 February 2022 Truss warned that China must respect the Falklands sovereignty and defended the Falkland Islands as part of the British family after China backed Argentina s claim over islands 152 In October 2022 it was revealed that Truss s phone was hacked during her service as the foreign minister with Russian spies under suspicion for the act 153 Russia and UkraineOn 10 February 2022 Truss again met Lavrov In the context of tensions between Russia and the West over a build up of Russian troops near the Russia Ukraine border talks between the two foreign ministers were described as difficult 154 Lavrov described the discussion as turning out like the conversation of a mute and a deaf person 155 He dismissed demands to remove Russian troops from Russian territory as regrettable and asked Truss if she recognised Russia s sovereignty over the Voronezh and Rostov regions 156 two Russian provinces where Russian troops were deployed 157 Later that day the Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office prepared legislation to allow for more sanctions on Russian organisations and individuals 158 On 21 February 2022 Truss condemned Russia s diplomatic recognition of two self proclaimed separatist republics in the Donbas in Ukraine 159 She also stated that the British government would announce new sanctions against Russia 160 Truss with her Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba in Kyiv February 2022Following Russia s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February Truss was asked in a BBC interview on 27 February about a call from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for foreigners to join the newly formed International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine and if she supported British volunteers joining to which she responded Absolutely if that is what they want to do 161 The comments were criticised by some Conservative colleagues including former Attorney General Dominic Grieve who said that while the comments of the foreign secretary may be entirely honourable and understandable people going to Ukraine to fight without formal licences from the UK government would be in breach of the Foreign Enlistment Act 1870 and committing a criminal offence 162 Following the Russian military s being placed on high nuclear alert on 27 February Russian officials said it was in response to Truss s comments 163 Boris Johnson s spokesperson later stated that British citizens should not travel to Ukraine to fight the Russians and dismissed a claim by the Kremlin that comments from Truss prompted the nuclear alert 164 At the end of February Truss called on the G7 countries to limit the import of oil and natural gas from Russia 165 She said the Russo Ukrainian War could last for years and that it could mark the beginning of the end for Putin 166 In March Truss said it was necessary to work with all of our allies around the world including Saudi Arabia so that the UK is no longer dependent on Russia for oil and natural gas 167 She wanted to push Russia s economy back into the Soviet era 168 On 27 April 2022 Truss said that Western allies including the UK must double down and keep going further and faster to push Russia out of the whole of Ukraine including Crimea 169 170 In July 2022 she blamed Putin for the emerging global energy and food crises 171 172 July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election Main article July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election Logo for Truss s leadership bid On 10 July 2022 Truss announced her intention to run in the Conservative Party leadership election to replace Boris Johnson She pledged to cut taxes on day one if elected and said she would fight the election as a Conservative and govern as a Conservative adding that she would also take immediate action to help people deal with the cost of living 173 She said she would cancel a planned rise in corporation tax and reverse the recent increase in National Insurance rates funded by delaying the date by which the national debt is planned to fall as part of a long term plan to bring down the size of the state and the tax burden 174 On 20 July Truss and former chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak were chosen by Conservative Party MPs to be put forward to the membership for the final leadership vote She finished second in the final MPs ballot receiving 113 votes to Sunak s 137 votes 175 176 In the membership vote it was announced on 5 September that 57 4 of ballots were for Truss making her the new leader 176 Prime Minister 2022 Truss arriving at 10 Downing Street after her audience with Queen Elizabeth II on 6 September 2022 Main article Premiership of Liz Truss As the elected leader of the Conservatives the majority party in Parliament Truss was appointed the new Prime Minister by Queen Elizabeth II at Balmoral Castle on 6 September 2022 177 Cabinet Main article Truss ministry Truss chairing the first meeting of her cabinet Truss began appointing her cabinet and to other government positions on 6 September 2022 178 With the appointment of Kwasi Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer James Cleverly as Foreign Secretary and Suella Braverman as Home Secretary for the first time in British political history no white men held positions in the Great Offices of State 179 Other key appointments included Therese Coffey as Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary Brandon Lewis as Justice Secretary Nadhim Zahawi as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Chris Heaton Harris as Northern Ireland Secretary Jake Berry as Minister without Portfolio and Party chairman Jacob Rees Mogg as Business Secretary Simon Clarke as Housing Secretary Kemi Badenoch as Secretary of State for International Trade Chloe Smith as Work and Pensions Secretary Kit Malthouse as Education Secretary Ranil Jayawardena as Environment Secretary Anne Marie Trevelyan as Transport Secretary and Michael Ellis as Attorney General for England and Wales 180 Truss retained Ben Wallace as Defence Secretary Alok Sharma as President for COP26 Alister Jack as Scotland Secretary Robert Buckland as Wales Secretary and James Heappey as Minister of State for the Armed Forces and Veterans 181 Death of Queen Elizabeth II Main article Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II Truss was the fifteenth and final British Prime Minister to serve under Elizabeth II with the Queen dying two days after appointing Truss as Prime Minister 182 Queen Elizabeth II s death at the age of 96 was announced by Buckingham Palace on 8 September 2022 at 18 30 183 Truss delivered a statement outside 10 Downing Street paying tribute to the Queen stating that Queen Elizabeth II was the rock on which modern Britain was built 184 A 1994 clip emerged around this time of Truss branding the monarchy disgraceful and advocating for republicanism when she was the president of the Oxford University Liberal Democrats 185 On 9 September the House of Commons began two days of special tributes to the Queen and started the suspension of Parliament until 21 September during the national mourning period 186 On 10 September Truss attended the Accession Ceremony of King Charles III 187 and took an oath of allegiance to the King with fellow senior MPs 188 On 12 September Charles III addressed Parliament for the first time as monarch 189 Truss attended the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey on 19 September 2022 where she read a lesson during the service 190 Domestic policies Shortly after her appointment and in response to the cost of living crisis Truss announced a two year cap on the price per unit for domestic energy supplies called the Energy Price Guarantee 191 which the government said would cap average household energy bills at 2 500 per year 192 while costing the state between 70 and 140 billion 193 194 On 23 September 2022 Kwarteng announced a controversial mini budget encapsulating Trussonomics which proposed cutting taxation significantly abolishing the 45 top income tax rate cutting the basic rate of income tax cancelling rises in national insurance contributions and corporation tax abolishing the proposed Health and Social Care Levy and cutting stamp duty policies that were to be funded by borrowing 195 The budget was poorly received by financial markets blamed for a rapid fall in the value of the pound and prompted a response from the Bank of England 196 197 The budget was criticised by the International Monetary Fund 198 199 US President Joe Biden 200 the opposition Labour Party and many within Truss s party including senior politicians Michael Gove and Grant Shapps 201 It was highly unpopular with the public and contributed to a large fall in popularity of the Conservative party and for Truss personally 202 After initially defending the mini budget Truss instructed Kwarteng to reverse the abolition of the 45 income tax additional rate on 3 October 203 She later reversed the cut in corporation tax and sacked Kwarteng replacing him with Jeremy Hunt on 14 October 201 Hunt reversed the remaining policies announced in the mini budget with the exception of the cuts to national insurance contributions and the raising of the stamp duty threshold 204 Hunt also reduced the Energy Price Guarantee from two years to six months 205 Foreign policy Truss with US President Joe Biden in September 2022 Main article List of international prime ministerial trips made by Liz Truss During her first three weeks as prime minister Truss had a speaking role before hundreds of world leaders at the Queen s funeral and held a round of diplomatic meetings on the sideline at the United Nations General Assembly on 21 September 206 as well as giving a speech in which she said that she wanted people to keep more of their earnings 207 208 Resignation Main article October 2022 United Kingdom government crisis Truss announcing her resignation as Conservative leader on 20 October 2022 On 20 October 2022 and her 45th day in office Truss announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party and her intention to resign as prime minister saying that given the situation I cannot deliver the mandate on which I was elected by the Conservative Party 209 In the same announcement Truss said that after speaking with the chairman of the 1922 Committee Sir Graham Brady they both agreed that there would be a leadership election to be completed within the next week Her resignation as prime minister was accepted by Charles III at an audience at Buckingham Palace She was succeeded by Rishi Sunak as leader of the Conservative Party on 24 October and advised Charles III to summon Sunak for an audience and for appointment as the new prime minister on 25 October She became the shortest serving prime minister of the United Kingdom in history 210 Truss said that she would remain in the House of Commons as a backbencher 211 The short length of her premiership was the subject of much ridicule including a livestream of a head of lettuce comparing the shelf life of the vegetable to her remaining tenure 212 Political positionsEconomics Main article Trussonomics Truss is known for her economically liberal views and her support for free trade 213 She supports the neoliberal philosophy of supply side economics often referred to derogatorily as trickle down economics 214 215 216 She founded the Free Enterprise Group of Conservative MPs a pro free market collection of parliamentarians arguing for a more entrepreneurial economy and fewer employment laws 217 After the September 2022 mini budget Truss fired her Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng after 38 days in office 218 She replaced him with Jeremy Hunt leading Faisal Islam of BBC News to write that Trussonomics is effectively dead 219 Foreign policy Protesters outside Downing Street highlighting the UK s complicity in Saudi Arabia s bombing campaign against Yemen Truss was described as a hawkish foreign secretary 220 She has called for Britain to reduce economic dependency on China and Russia and has supported certain diplomatic and economic sanctions imposed by the British government against China including barring the Chinese ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang from entering Parliament in response to China s retaliatory sanctions due to Xinjiang 221 222 She accused Rishi Sunak of seeking closer economic relations with China 223 Truss has been a strong supporter of Taiwan in the context of deteriorating cross strait relations but citing precedent has said she would not visit the island nation if she was elected prime minister 224 225 226 She described the Chinese government s treatment of the Uyghur people as genocide 227 228 She stated that the UK and Turkey are key European NATO allies and called for UK Turkey cooperation on energy defence and security to be deepened 229 Truss said she would continue to support Cyprus in its efforts for reunification under international law and in helping find a peaceful and lasting solution to the Cyprus conflict between Greek Cypriots and Turkish backed Turkish Cypriot separatists 230 In 2022 she called Saudi Arabia an ally but said she was not condoning the country s policies 167 231 Truss promised to review moving the British embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem 232 Brexit Truss and US National Security Advisor John Bolton in 2019 Truss supported the United Kingdom s remaining in the European Union during the 2016 referendum 233 Since the referendum Truss has supported Brexit in 2017 she said that if another referendum were held she would vote for Brexit saying I believed there would be massive economic problems but those haven t come to pass and I ve also seen the opportunities 234 In the July 2022 Conservative Party leadership election Truss said of her support for Remain that I was wrong and I am prepared to admit I was wrong 235 She added that some of the portents of doom didn t happen and instead we have actually unleashed new opportunities after Brexit 235 Her support of Brexit during these debates made her popular with the Conservative party members who selected her as prime minister during this leadership election 236 Social and cultural issues On culture Truss has said that the Conservative Party should reject the zero sum game of identity politics we reject the illiberalism of cancel culture and we reject the soft bigotry of low expectations that holds so many people back 237 She has also suggested that Britain should not ignore the history of the British Empire but should embrace the country s history warts and all if it is to compete with hostile states 238 In 2021 Truss voted to decriminalise abortion in Northern Ireland and abstained from voting on the introduction of buffer zones outside of abortion clinics 239 On LGBTQ rights Truss according to Reuters voted for gay marriage and has never voted against LGBTQ rights but has also moved to limit transgender rights 240 She spoke against gender self identification stating that medical checks are important She said that she agreed that only women have a cervix 241 She also stated that the government departments should withdraw from Stonewall s diversity champions scheme 242 Despite initially supporting single sex services being restricted on the basis of biological sex she later said in February 2022 that the Government was not interested in enacting such a measure 243 Energy and environment Truss and Armenian President Armen Sarkissian at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow 2021 As environment secretary Truss supported a new strategy on bees and other pollinators and advocated for gardeners to reduce lawnmower use to reduce impacts on them see Environment Secretary section for more details 96 Truss signed the Conservative Environment Pledge on the website of the Conservative Environment Network CEN 244 245 which has the support of 127 Conservative MPs 246 By signing the CEN pledge Truss committed to achieving the UK s net zero target on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 245 247 and in 2022 said that she wanted to do this in a way that doesn t harm businesses or consumers 248 As part of the energy crisis measures a temporary suspension of green levies on domestic bills starting on 1 October was announced by the Government 249 with schemes previously funded by the levies now being funded by government 250 As reported in The Daily Telegraph Truss planned to scrap an environmental rule called the nutrient neutrality requirement 251 This rule requires details from the developers about how their proposals might pollute rivers and wetlands and is implemented by the non departmental public body Natural England 251 UK Government support for nutrient neutrality is outlined in a policy paper from March 2022 Nutrient pollution reducing the impact on protected sites 252 As part of a two year plan to ensure British energy security Truss s government issued the 33rd round of offshore licences on 7 October 2022 the first since 2019 2020 with as many as 100 set to be awarded 253 254 Nearly 900 locations are being offered for exploration with a fast track for parts of the North Sea near existing infrastructure 253 254 Opposition has come from Greenpeace among others who say that this energy policy benefits fossil fuel companies and will have little impact on prices 253 The ban on fracking for shale gas was lifted in September 2022 as the moratorium in place since 2019 was scrapped 255 256 The lifting of the ban has given companies the go ahead to apply for planning permission to extract shale gas in the U K 255 Fracking was banned by the government in November 2019 after a report by the Oil and Gas Authority found that it was not possible at that time to predict the probability or strength of earthquakes caused by fracking 257 258 While PM Truss was wanting to ban solar farms from about 58 of agricultural land 259 In October 2022 her spokesperson confirmed that plans to ban solar farming from agricultural land were going ahead 259 While not against the use of solar panels in August 2022 Truss said that she thought that it was one of the most depressing sights to see fields full of solar panels instead of being full of crops or livestock 260 She has proposed that solar panel use should be restricted to commercial roofs 260 Truss has supported the construction of small modular reactors and large nuclear power facilities in different parts of the United Kingdom 261 262 263 While foreign secretary she cautioned against Chinese involvement in British infrastructure including nuclear power stations 264 As outlined in the Government s Hydrogen Strategy and included as part of Truss s energy crisis solutions building hydrogen production facilities was to be a key part of the UK energy supply 265 266 A company has been given the green light to build a 6 Megawatt electrolyser at the Sizewell nuclear power stations site and will involve the Freeport East Hydrogen Hub in Felixstowe Harwich 267 Hydrogen production can involve water generation called green or fossil fuel generation called grey and blue 268 A press release from Truss and the FCDO after the COP26 summit in Glasgow ended by saying that the UK was committed to supporting green enterprises and would help countries globally to deliver green sustainable growth and economic development 269 while a statement by Truss at the end of a G7 foreign and development ministers meeting in December 2021 outlined a commitment from them to work together to keep to the COP27 target for limiting global warming to 1 5 degrees 270 As part of the Growth Plan set out by Government in September 2022 proposals were made to limit the ability of councils in England to block the construction of onshore windfarms a reversal of policy implemented in 2016 as part of the National Planning Policy Framework 271 272 The Government said that it would bring UK planning policy for onshore wind farming in line with existing rules which could allow infrastructure to be more easily deployed 271 Personal lifeIn 2000 Truss married Hugh O Leary a fellow accountant 28 273 the couple have two daughters 274 From 2004 until mid 2005 she had an extramarital affair with the married MP Mark Field 275 whom the Conservative Party had appointed as her political mentor She remains married to O Leary 274 In 2022 Truss said I share the values of the Christian faith and the Church of England but I m not a regular practising religious person 276 PublicationsKounine Laura Marks John Truss Elizabeth June 2008 The value of mathematics PDF London Reform ISBN 978 1 905730 09 4 Archived from the original PDF on 16 April 2009 Bassett Dale Cawston Thomas Thraves Laurie Truss Elizabeth June 2009 A new level PDF London Reform ISBN 978 1 905730 19 3 Truss Elizabeth Bosanquet Nick September 2009 Risky Business Nudging you to make the right choices PDF London Chartered Insurance Institute Truss Elizabeth 15 March 2011 Academic rigour and social mobility how low income students are being kept out of top jobs Centre forum Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Kwarteng Kwasi Patel Priti Raab Dominic Skidmore Chris Truss Liz 2011 After the Coalition London Biteback Publishing ISBN 978 1 84954 212 8 Kwarteng Kwasi Patel Priti Raab Dominic Skidmore Chris Truss Liz 2012 Britannia Unchained London Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1137032232 Truss Elizabeth May 2012 Affordable quality new approaches to childcare PDF Centre forum Archived from the original PDF on 9 November 2016 Retrieved 30 June 2012 Truss Elizabeth 30 April 2016 EU membership benefits for animal health and welfare Veterinary Record 178 18 435 doi 10 1136 vr i2349 PMID 27127086 S2CID 42245508 Explanatory notes As Minister for Equalities If not including Eleanor of Provence who exercised the powers of the Lord Chancellor in 1253 but was not formally appointed to the office 103 References Be bold Liz Truss lays down gauntlet to Rishi Sunak in final speech as UK prime minister the Guardian 25 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2022 Liz Truss resigns Rishi Sunak to become U K prime minister Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 25 October 2022 Morris Sophie A goodbye speech and a meeting with the King Here s what s happening today and when Sky News Retrieved 25 October 2022 Celebrity Education Liz Truss The New PM of UK Studied from Oxford 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Putin declares Ukraine regions of Luhansk and Donetsk independent entities in signed decree The Independent Archived from the original on 7 April 2022 Retrieved 22 February 2022 Liz Truss UK will announce new sanctions against Russia Chard and Ilminster News 22 February 2022 Archived from the original on 22 February 2022 Retrieved 22 February 2022 Castle Stephen 27 February 2022 Britain s top diplomat says she would support people going to fight for Ukraine The New York Times Archived from the original on 29 August 2022 Retrieved 29 August 2022 Sparrow Andrew 28 February 2022 Liz Truss criticised for backing Britons who wish to fight in Ukraine The Guardian Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Ukraine conflict Russia blames Liz Truss and others for nuclear alert BBC News 28 February 2022 Archived from the original on 25 April 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Walker Peter 28 February 2022 No 10 distances itself from Truss comments on UK volunteers for Ukraine The Guardian Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Truss Ukraine Russia war could last years and be beginning of the end for Putin City A M 27 February 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Truss Ukraine Russia war could last years and be beginning of the end for Putin City A M 27 February 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 a b Plummer Katie 16 March 2022 Liz Truss calls Saudi Arabia an ally but she cannot condone their policies in less than a minute The Independent Archived from the original on 14 May 2022 Retrieved 1 June 2022 Forrest Adam 5 April 2022 Liz Truss wants Russian economy pushed back to Soviet era as 60 of Putin war chest frozen The Independent Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Morris Sophie 28 April 2022 Ukraine war Ben Wallace backs Liz Truss and says Russia should be pushed out of the whole of Ukraine including Crimea Sky News Archived from the original on 25 May 2022 Retrieved 6 May 2022 Lawler David 29 April 2022 U S push for Ukraine win raises the stakes for Russia Axios Archived from the original on 28 June 2022 Retrieved 6 May 2022 Putin is weaponising hunger Liz Truss blames Russia for food shortages The Independent 23 July 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Truss Putin holding rest of the world to ransom over gas prices The Kyiv Independent 27 July 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Walker Peter 10 July 2022 Foreign Secretary Liz Truss joins Tory leadership race BBC News Archived from the original on 12 July 2022 Retrieved 10 July 2022 Riley Smith Ben 10 July 2022 Liz Truss launches leadership bid with tax cut challenge to Rishi Sunak The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 12 July 2022 Retrieved 10 July 2022 Tory leadership election full results after round five The Guardian 21 July 2022 Archived from the original on 6 August 2022 Retrieved 7 August 2022 a b How Liz Truss won the Conservative leadership race BBC News 5 September 2022 Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 5 September 2022 Scott Jennifer 6 September 2022 Liz Truss becomes UK prime minister after meeting the Queen Sky News Retrieved 26 November 2022 New prime minister live updates Cabinet resignations begin as Truss considers top team Sunak to stay on as MP Sky News Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 5 September 2022 UK s four great offices of state may soon not feature a white man for first time The Guardian 5 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Zeffman Henry Great offices of state set to contain no white men The Times ISSN 0140 0460 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Martin Daniel 6 September 2022 Liz Truss forms most diverse Cabinet in history with no white males in top jobs The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved 11 September 2022 New cabinet Who is in Liz Truss s top team BBC News 7 September 2022 Retrieved 29 September 2022 Sebastian Payne Jasmine Cameron Chileshe and Jim Pickard 6 September 2022 Liz Truss installs close allies in top cabinet jobs Financial Times Retrieved 29 September 2022 The Prime Ministers Who Served Under Queen Elizabeth II 8 September 2022 Retrieved 9 September 2022 Caroline Lowbridge amp PA news agency 12 September 2022 Taking last public photos of the Queen was an honour and privilege BBC News Retrieved 17 September 2022 Karla Adam 8 September 2022 The queen and her 15 prime ministers The Washington Post Retrieved 17 September 2022 Queen Elizabeth II has died BBC News 8 September 2022 Retrieved 15 October 2022 Elizabeth Piper and Michael Holden 13 September 2022 Seeking right tone new UK PM Truss had to quickly change gear for queen Reuters Retrieved 17 September 2022 Liz Truss advocates for monarchy to be abolished in resurfaced clip retrieved 11 November 2022 Queen Elizabeth II MPs share funny and moving memories of Queen BBC News 9 September 2022 Retrieved 15 October 2022 Mourning The Royal Family 8 September 2022 Retrieved 17 September 2022 Ratcliffe Rebecca 10 September 2022 Charles III is proclaimed King The Guardian Retrieved 10 September 2022 Senior MPs take oath of allegiance to King Charles BBC News 10 September 2022 Retrieved 15 October 2022 Parliament presents Addresses to His Majesty King Charles III UK Parliament 12 September 2022 Retrieved 15 October 2022 Dunn Charlotte 18 September 2022 The State Funeral of Her Majesty The Queen The Royal Family Retrieved 22 September 2022 What is the energy price cap and how high could bills go BBC 29 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Energy bills to be capped at 2 500 for typical household BBC News 8 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Jill Lawless Sylvia Hui 8 September 2022 UK to cap energy prices end fracking ban to ease crisis The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 9 September 2022 Energy price guarantee could cost taxpayer 140bn in extreme scenario market expert warns Sky News Retrieved 29 October 2022 At a glance What s in the mini budget BBC News 23 September 2022 Retrieved 23 September 2022 Cohen Patricia 28 September 2022 Pound s Swoon Echoes Declines in British Power Past and Present The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Inman Phillip 26 September 2022 Why is sterling falling and what does it mean for the rest of the world The Guardian Retrieved 30 September 2022 Sally Hickey 27 September 2022 IMF warns UK over mini Budget tax cuts Financial Times advisor Retrieved 29 September 2022 Natalie Sherman and Tom Espiner 28 September 2022 IMF openly criticises UK government tax plans BBC News Retrieved 29 September 2022 Joe Biden Liz Truss tax cuts a mistake and I wasn t the only one who thought so The Guardian 16 October 2022 Retrieved 16 October 2022 a b Nevett Joshua 14 October 2022 Kwasi Kwarteng PM s vision was right says sacked Chancellor BBC News Retrieved 14 October 2022 Michael Savage 1 October 2022 Liz Truss s poll ratings plummet lower than Boris Johnson s before he was forced out The Guardian Retrieved 6 October 2022 Eardley Nick 3 October 2022 Kwasi Kwarteng U turns on plans to scrap 45p tax rate BBC News Retrieved 3 October 2022 Hunt rips up almost all of mini budget and scales back energy help The Guardian 17 October 2022 Retrieved 17 October 2022 Chancellor brings forward further Medium Term Fiscal Plan measures GOV UK Retrieved 17 October 2022 Mark Landler Stephen Castle 20 September 2022 Prime Minister Liz Truss Pivots From Queen s Funeral to U K s Crises The New York Times Retrieved 21 September 2022 Daniel Martin 20 September 2022 Liz Truss hints at sweeping tax cuts as she champions economic freedom The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 21 September 2022 Prime Minister Liz Truss s speech to the UN General Assembly 21 September 2022 gov uk 22 September 2022 Retrieved 24 September 2022 Prime Minister Liz Truss s resignation statement 10 Downing Street 20 October 2022 Archived from the original on 17 November 2022 Retrieved 20 December 2022 via YouTube Butler Sinead Baio Ariana 20 October 2022 Who is the shortest serving prime minister in recent UK history indy100 Liz Truss defends tax cutting goals as she bids farewell BBC News 25 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2022 Mason Alistair 20 October 2022 Lettuce declares victory over Liz Truss as PM steps down WalesOnline Retrieved 20 October 2022 Mackinnon Amy 22 October 2022 Liz Truss True Believer Foreign Policy Archived from the original on 26 October 2021 Retrieved 21 July 2022 Schomberg William 7 September 2022 Analysis UK heads for return to trickle down economics under low tax Truss Reuters Retrieved 16 October 2022 Elliott Larry 20 September 2022 Liz Truss favours trickle down economics but results can be trickle up The Guardian Retrieved 16 October 2022 Gilchrist Karen 22 September 2022 Britain pursues trickle down economics despite scorn from Biden And the stakes are sky high CNBC Retrieved 16 October 2022 Casalicchio Emilio Lanktree Graham Gallardo Cristina 15 September 2021 Everything you need to know about Liz Truss Politico Archived from the original on 10 July 2022 Retrieved 8 December 2021 Kwasi Kwarteng s rise and fall from Eton scholar to Chancellor Sky News Retrieved 16 October 2022 Jeremy Hunt buries Truss s economic experiment BBC News 16 October 2022 Retrieved 16 October 2022 Hawk claim Landler Mark 5 September 2022 A Hawkish Diplomat Takes Control Facing Hard Times and Johnson s Ghost The New York Times Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Hawkish Truss faces credibility test over Northern Ireland EU France 24 5 September 2022 Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Lawler Dave 5 September 2022 Liz Truss wins race to replace Boris Johnson as U K prime minister Axios Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Liz Truss The urgency of relations with Europe BBC News 5 September 2022 Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Bray Chad 4 September 2022 Will Truss live up to hawkish language on China as British prime minister South China Morning Post Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Mitter Rana 6 September 2022 UK s Truss likely to pick a fight with China Asia Times Archived from the original on 6 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Courea Eleni 10 August 2022 Liz Truss summons Chinese ambassador over escalation in Taiwan Politico Archived from the original on 10 August 2022 Retrieved 10 August 2022 Ni Vincent 10 August 2022 Liz Truss summons Chinese ambassador over aggression towards Taiwan The Guardian Archived from the original on 10 August 2022 Retrieved 10 August 2022 Judah Ben 10 August 2022 Liz Truss Is Ready to Flex London s Muscles Abroad Foreign Policy Archived from the original on 21 August 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Tory leadership Liz Truss says she will not visit Taiwan if elected prime minister The Independent 4 August 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Important we make sure Taiwan can defend itself UK s Truss says Reuters 30 June 2022 Retrieved 13 October 2022 James William Macaskill Andrew 7 September 2022 New British PM Truss brings tougher UK stance on China Reuters Retrieved 13 October 2022 Wintour Patrick 23 December 2020 Liz Truss and Foreign Office split over policy on China and Uighurs The Guardian Retrieved 13 October 2022 Dathan Matt 1 November 2021 Liz Truss pulls no punches about genocide of Uighurs by China The Times Retrieved 13 October 2022 British foreign secretary visits Turkiye discusses deepening cooperation TRT World 23 June 2022 Archived from the original on 25 June 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Britain s leadership rivals Truss and Sunak pledge support for Cyprus Cyprus Mail 10 August 2022 Archived from the original on 11 August 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 UK foreign secretary praises Saudi Arabia Oman for efforts to secure release of Briton Saudi Gazette 24 April 2022 Archived from the original on 22 June 2022 Retrieved 1 June 2022 Harkov Lahav 7 August 2022 Liz Truss As PM I would consider moving embassy to Jerusalem The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Cecil Nicholas 16 June 2016 EU referendum Liz Truss leads female ministers drive for women to vote In Evening Standard Archived from the original on 28 June 2022 Retrieved 21 December 2021 Chambre Agnes 11 October 2017 Liz Truss says she would now back Brexit Politics Home Archived from the original on 5 November 2021 Retrieved 8 December 2021 a b Pickard Jim 21 July 2022 Liz Truss attacks Rishi Sunak s economic record in bruising fight to be PM Financial Times Archived from the original on 26 July 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Piper Elizabeth Macaskill Andrew 5 September 2022 Britain s new PM Truss won support with her tough image Reuters Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2022 Rowena Mason Jessica Elgot and Aubrey Allegretti 3 October 2021 Conservatives take aim at cancel culture and woke aggression The Guardian Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 Retrieved 8 December 2021 Geraldine Scott 8 December 2021 Truss Britain must embrace warts and all history of Empire The Independent Archived from the original on 9 July 2022 Retrieved 8 December 2021 Where does Liz Truss stand on women s issues The Independent 7 September 2022 Retrieved 8 September 2022 What are the UK Prime Minister hopefuls stances on LGBTQ rights news trust org Archived from the original on 21 July 2022 Retrieved 21 July 2022 Diver Tony 3 October 2021 Transgender people should not have right to self identify without medical checks Liz Truss says The Sunday Telegraph Archived from the original on 30 July 2022 Courea Eleni 31 May 2021 Liz Truss urges official withdrawal from Stonewall diversity scheme The Times Archived from the original on 1 June 2021 Chaplain Chloe 21 February 2022 Government has no interest in banning trans people from single sex toilets Liz Truss says i Archived from the original on 30 July 2022 Conservative Environment Pledge Conservative Environment Network 2022 Archived from the original on 30 August 2022 Retrieved 20 August 2022 a b Helena Horton 15 July 2022 Tory hopefuls Sunak Mordaunt Truss and Tugendhat commit to net zero The Guardian Archived from the original on 15 August 2022 Retrieved 15 August 2022 Emma Gatten 15 August 2022 Households should be told to turn down their boilers to save on energy bills The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 27 August 2022 Retrieved 30 August 2022 UK becomes first major economy to pass net zero emissions law GOV UK Crown copyright 27 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 August 2022 Retrieved 15 August 2022 Nick Gutteridge 15 August 2022 Policy watch Where Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak stand on the key issues The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 15 August 2022 Retrieved 15 August 2022 Jessica Elgot Peter Walker 8 September 2022 Liz Truss to freeze energy bills at 2 500 a year average funded by borrowing The Guardian Retrieved 8 September 2022 Ben Riley Smith Gareth Davies 8 September 2022 Key points Liz Truss reveals plan to tackle energy crisis The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 8 September 2022 a b Ben Riley Smith 19 August 2022 Liz Truss plans to scrap environmental rule blamed for slowing down new homes The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 29 August 2022 Retrieved 29 August 2022 Nutrient pollution reducing the impact on protected sites Crown Copyright 16 March 2022 Archived from the original on 16 March 2022 Retrieved 29 August 2020 a b c Jonah Fisher 7 October 2022 UK defies climate warnings with new oil and gas licences BBC Retrieved 16 October 2022 a b Beatriz Valero de Urquia 7 October 2022 UK government offers North Sea oil and gas licences despite climate concerns Institution of Engineering and Technology Retrieved 16 October 2022 a b Gareth Davies Ben Riley Smith 8 September 2022 Fracking sites span Tory seats across red wall The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 8 September 2022 Aubrey Allegretti 8 September 2022 Lifting of fracking ban not miracle solution minister admits The Guardian Retrieved 8 September 2022 Government ends support for fracking GOV UK Crown copyright 2 November 2019 Archived from the original on 1 September 2022 Retrieved 13 August 2022 Preston New Road PNR 1Z Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Data North Sea Transition Authority 2019 Archived from the original on 13 August 2022 Retrieved 13 August 2022 a b Helena Horton 13 October 2022 Liz Truss on collision course with Jacob Rees Mogg over solar power ban Guardian Retrieved 16 October 2022 a b Peter Walker 11 August 2022 Truss tax plans could put millions at risk of real destitution says Sunak The Guardian Archived from the original on 14 August 2022 Retrieved 14 August 2022 Harry Cockburn 4 August 2022 Truss and Sunak competing to propose stupidest and most dangerous climate policies The Independent Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 Retrieved 16 August 2022 Craig Paton 8 October 2022 Truss call for Scottish nuclear power is to make up for UK mistakes Swinney Independent Retrieved 16 October 2022 Kieran Andrews 8 September 2022 SNP should support new nuclear plants says Liz Truss Sunday Times Retrieved 16 October 2022 Ben Riley Smith 22 October 2021 Liz Truss Britain cannot be dependent on China The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 13 July 2022 Retrieved 16 August 2022 UK hydrogen strategy GOV UK Crown Copyright 17 August 2021 Retrieved 10 September 2022 Catherine Moore 8 September 2022 Truss backs nuclear and renewables in bid to solve energy crisis New Civil Engineer Retrieved 10 September 2022 Ryze Hydrogen Press Release Ryze Hydrogen 3 March 2022 Retrieved 10 September 2022 Jillian Ambrose 17 August 2021 Government reveals plans for 4bn hydrogen investment by 2030 The Guardian Retrieved 10 September 2022 Truss announces major investment in clean infrastructure in Asia Crown copyright 2 November 2021 Archived from the original on 10 August 2022 Retrieved 4 September 2022 G7 Foreign and Development Ministers Meeting December 2021 Chair s statement PDF Crown copyright 12 December 2021 Archived PDF from the original on 14 December 2021 Retrieved 4 September 2022 a b Madeleine Cuff 23 September 2022 UK set for onshore wind boom after Government announces move to relax planning restrictions Associated Newspapers Limited Retrieved 16 October 2022 UK paves way for large expansion of onshore wind Financial Times 23 September 2022 Retrieved 16 October 2022 Thornton Ed 9 September 2022 Bishop and parish priest of Liz Truss remind her of Christian values Church Times Ms Truss would have fond memories of St Alfege s since it was where she and her husband Hugh O Leary an accountant were married in 2000 a b McSmith Andy 25 July 2014 A political affair We profile cabinet minister Liz Truss Belfast Telegraph Archived from the original on 4 November 2016 Tory candidate Elizabeth Truss faces deselection vote in two weeks over affair The Guardian 5 November 2009 Archived from the original on 17 July 2022 Hatton Ben Wheeler Richard 2 August 2022 Nicola Sturgeon is an attention seeker best ignored claims Liz Truss PA Media Archived from the original on 5 August 2022 External linksLiz Truss at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Official website Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom Contributions in Parliament at Hansard Voting record at Public Whip Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou Appearances on C SPAN Portals Biography Politics Conservatism United Kingdom Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liz Truss amp oldid 1134257907, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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