European Conservatives and Reformists Party
This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. (June 2017) |
The European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party), formerly known as Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) (2009–2016) and Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) (2016–2019), is a conservative, soft Eurosceptic[16] European political party with a main focus on reforming the European Union (EU) on the basis of Eurorealism,[17] as opposed to total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism).[18][19] It currently has twenty-four member parties and three further independent members from twenty-one countries, in addition to seven regional partners worldwide.[20]
European Conservatives and Reformists Party | |
|---|---|
| Chairperson | Giorgia Meloni |
| Secretary-General | Antonio Giordano |
| Founded | 1 October 2009 |
| Split from | European People's Party Union for Europe of the Nations |
| Preceded by | Movement for European Reform[1] |
| Headquarters | Rue du Trône 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium[2] |
| Think tank | New Direction |
| Youth wing | European Young Conservatives |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing[A][10][11][12] |
| International affiliation | International Democrat Union |
| European Parliament group | European Conservatives and Reformists |
| Colours | Blue |
| European Parliament | 62 / 705 |
| European Council | 3 / 27 |
| European Commission | 1 / 27 |
| European Lower Houses | 1,015 / 9,874 |
| European Upper Houses | 324 / 2,714 |
| Website | |
| ecrparty | |
^ A: The party also has centre-right and far-right factions.[13][14][15] | |
The political movement was founded on 1 October 2009,[21] after the creation of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) political group of the European Parliament. It was officially recognised by the European Parliament in January 2010.
ECR is governed by a board of directors who are elected by the Council, which represents all ECR member parties.[22] The executive board is composed of the President Giorgia Meloni, Vicepresident Jorge Buxadé MEP from Spain, and Vicepresident Radosław Fogiel MP from Poland.[23][24]
The party is affiliated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament, the pan-European think tank New Direction – The Foundation for European Reform, and the youth organisation the European Young Conservatives. It is also formally associated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the Committee of the Regions, in the Congress of the Council of Europe, and in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.[25] In the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the ECR Party forms the European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance with the Identity and Democracy Party.
History
The European Conservatives and Reformists Party was founded as the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists on 1 October 2009,[26] after the ECR political group was founded in the wake of the 2009 European Parliament election, and was officially recognised by the European Parliament in January 2010. Amongst ACRE's eight founding members the largest were the UK Conservative Party, the Polish PiS and the Czech ODS.
ECR was formally constituted under the chairmanship of Belgian MEP Derk Jan Eppink, who was succeeded by Czech MEP Jan Zahradil. At ACRE's first congress was in Warsaw on 8 June 2010, attended by its founding members, including UK Conservative Party Chairman and Czech Prime Minister Mirek Topolanek. On 25 March 2011, the Civic Conservative Party from Slovakia joined; Iceland's Independence Party in November 2011 (the party's first member from outside the European Union); Georgia's Christian-Democratic Movement in August 2012; Italy's Conservatives and Social Reformers in October 2012; the Conservative Party of Canada became the ACRE's first associate member (later renamed 'regional partners') in November 2012; Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party in November 2013; and the Faroe Islands' People's Party, and Romania's New Republic; and in July 2014, Prosperous Armenia.[27] The Conservative Party of Georgia and New Majority joined on 1 November 2014. At the same time, the ACRE formally affiliated to the European Conservatives Group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.[28] In November 2015, the Conservatives and Reformists of Italy were admitted as ECR Party members,[29] followed by the Alliance for Progress and Renewal (ALFA) of Germany and M10 party of Romania in March 2016.[30] The Liberal Party of Australia, Istiqlal Party of Morocco, National Party of New Zealand, and Republican Party of the United States joined as further regional partners in 2014, followed by Afek Tounes and Likud Movement in 2015 and 2016.
The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists officially changed its name to the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) on 6 October 2016.[31]
In December 2018, ACRE was ordered to repay more than half a million euros of EU funds, following an investigation into their spending. This included €250,000 for a three-day conference in Miami and €90,000 for a trade meeting in Kampala. ACRE had previously been asked to return €121,000 given to the Prosperous Armenia party.[32]
More recently the ECR has seen a shift further towards the conservative right with the acceptance of the Brothers of Italy, Forum for Democracy, Vox and Sweden Democrats as members in 2019.[33][34]
Members
Member parties
The following parties listed below are members of the ECRP as of 2021.[35]
| Country | Political party | Party Leader | Political group in Ninth European Parliament | European Parliament | National lower house MPs | Position in national legislature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Republican Party of Albania Partia Republikane e Shqipërisë (PR) | Fatmir Mediu | Not in the EU | Not in the EU | 3 / 140 | Opposition |
| Belarus | BPF Party Партыя БНФ | Ryhor Kastusiou | Not in the EU | Not in the EU | 0 / 110 | No seats |
| Bulgaria | IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение (ВМРО – БНД) | Krasimir Karakachanov | European Conservatives and Reformists | 2 / 17 | 0 / 240 | No seats |
| Croatia | Croatian Sovereignists Hrvatski suverenisti (HS) | Marijan Pavliček | European Conservatives and Reformists | 1 / 12 | 4 / 151 | Opposition |
| Czech Republic | Civic Democratic Party Občanská demokratická strana (ODS) | Petr Fiala | European Conservatives and Reformists | 4 / 21 | 34 / 200 | Government |
| Germany | Liberal Conservative Reformers Liberal-Konservative Reformer (LKR) | Bernd Kölmel | None | 0 / 96 | 0 / 709 | No seats |
| Italy | Brothers of Italy Fratelli d'Italia (FdI) | Giorgia Meloni | European Conservatives and Reformists | 8 / 76 | 119 / 400 | Government |
| Latvia | National Alliance Nacionālā Apvienība (NA) | Raivis Dzintars Gaidis Bērziņš | European Conservatives and Reformists | 2 / 8 | 13 / 100 | Government |
| Lithuania | Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija – Krikščioniškų šeimų sąjunga (LLRA–KŠS) | Valdemar Tomaševski | European Conservatives and Reformists | 1 / 11 | 8 / 141 | Opposition |
| Luxembourg | Alternative Democratic Reform Party Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei (ADR) | Jean Schoos | None | 0 / 6 | 4 / 60 | Opposition |
| Netherlands | JA21 Juiste Antwoord 2021 | Joost Eerdmans | European Conservatives and Reformists | 3 / 29 | 3 / 150 | Opposition |
| Poland | Law and Justice Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) | Jarosław Kaczyński | European Conservatives and Reformists | 25 / 51 | 239 / 460 | Majority government |
| Romania | The Right Alternative Alternativa Dreaptă (AD) | Adela Mîrza | None | 0 / 33 | 3 / 330 | Opposition |
| Serbia | Enough is Enough Доста је било Dosta je bilo (DJB) | Saša Radulović | Not in the EU | Not in the EU | 0 / 250 | No seats |
| Slovakia | Freedom and Solidarity Sloboda a Solidarita (SaS) | Richard Sulík | European Conservatives and Reformists | 2 / 13 | 13 / 150 | Opposition |
| Spain | Vox | Santiago Abascal | European Conservatives and Reformists | 4 / 54 | 52 / 350 | Opposition |
| Sweden | Sweden Democrats Sverigedemokraterna (SD) | Jimmie Åkesson | European Conservatives and Reformists | 3 / 20 | 73 / 349 | Confidence and supply |
| United Kingdom | Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) | Doug Beattie | Not in the EU | Not in the EU | 0 / 18 | No seats |
Regional partners
| Country | Political party | Party Leader | National Lower Houses | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | Likud (מחל) הליכוד | Benjamin Netanyahu | 32 / 120 | Government |
| United States | Republican Party (GOP) | Ronna McDaniel | 222 / 435 | Opposition |
Former member parties
- Armenia: Prosperous Armenia (until 2022)
- Azerbaijan: Popular Front Party of Whole Azerbaijan (until 2022)
- Belgium: Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (2010–14)
- Bulgaria: Reload Bulgaria (until 2019)
- Croatia: Croatian Conservative Party (until 2021, dissolved)
- Faroe Islands: People's Party (until 2022)
- Finland: Finns Party (2015–17)
- Finland: Blue Reform (until 2022)
- France: France Arise (2019–20)
- Georgia: Conservative Party of Georgia (2014–2022)
- Hungary: Hungarian Democratic Forum (2009–11)
- Iceland: Independence Party (2011–2021)
- Italy: Conservatives and Social Reformers (2012–14)
- Italy: Direction Italy (2017–2022; merged into fellow ECR member Brothers of Italy in 2019)
- Kosovo: Democratic Party of Kosovo (until 2022)
- Latvia: For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (2009–11; merged in 2011 into National Alliance, which became a member in 2014)
- Moldova: Șor Party (2018–22)
- Morocco: Istiqlal Party (2014–18)
- Montenegro: Movement for Changes (until 2022)
- Netherlands: Forum for Democracy (until 2020)
- Northern Cyprus: National Unity Party (until 2022)
- Poland: Poland Comes First (2010–13, dissolved)
- Romania: New Republic (2013–18)
- Slovakia: Civic Conservative Party (2009–22)
- Slovakia: New Majority (until 2021)
- Turkey: Justice and Development Party (2013–18)
- United Kingdom: Conservative Party (2009–21)
Former regional partners
- Australia: Liberal Party (until 2022)
- Canada: Conservative Party (until 2022)
- Colombia: Democratic Center (until 2022)
- Kenya: Jubilee Party (until 2022)
- Maldives: Progressive Party of Maldives (until 2022)
- New Zealand: National Party (until 2022)
- Tanzania: Chadema (until 2022)
- Tunisia: Afek Tounes (until 2019)
Elected representatives of member parties
European institutions
| Organisation | Institution | Number of seats |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | European Commission | 1 / 27 |
| European Council (Heads of Government) | 3 / 27 | |
| Council of the EU (Participation in Government) | 4 / 27 | |
| European Parliament | 61 / 705 | |
| Council of Europe | Parliamentary Assembly | 22 / 321 |
ECR affiliate groupings
The ACRE is formally affiliated to groupings in the European Parliament and the Committee of the Regions of the European Union, the Congress of the Council of Europe and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
European Parliament
The ECR group is the sixth-largest group in the European Parliament. Founded in 2009, the ECR brings together 64 MEPs from 15 countries.[36] The ECR currently is led by two co-chairmen, Ryszard Legutko of the Polish Law and Justice party and Raffaele Fitto of the Brothers of Italy party.[37]
Committee of the Regions
Following the creation of the ECR Group in the European Parliament in 2009, and the creation of the ACRE in 2010, the ECR Group in the Committee of the Regions was formed on 10 April 2013 under the leadership of Gordon Keymer CBE and with the support of the ACRE. The Group was officially announced during the 11–12 April 100th Committee of the Regions plenary session.
The ECR Group was the first Group to be formed in the Committee of the Regions during the course of a mandate and was the first ECR Group to be formed outside of the European Parliament.
The President of the Group is Cllr. Gordon Keymer CBE (Leader of Tandridge District Council) and the Vice-Presidents are Dan Jiránek (Mayor of Kladno) and Daiva Matonienė (Deputy Mayor of Šiauliai City Council). Adam Banaszak (Member of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie regional assembly), Cllr. Kay Twitchen OBE (Member of Essex County Council) and Cllr. Judith Pearce (Deputy Leader of Wychavon District Council and Executive board member for Planning, Infrastructure and Housing).
| Country | Party name | Members | Other affiliations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full | Affiliate | Europarty | EU Parliament | International | ||
| Czech Republic | Civic Democratic Party | 3 | 1 | ACRE | ECR | IDU |
| Denmark | Danish People's Party | 0 | 2 | MELD | ECR | None |
| Finland | Finns Party | 1 | 1 | ACRE | ECR | None |
| Lithuania | Independent | 1 | 3 | None | None | None |
| Netherlands | Christian Union | 1 | 1 | ECPM | ECR | None |
| Poland | Law and Justice | 1 | 4 | ACRE | ECR | None |
| Slovakia | Independent politician | 1 | 0 | None | None | None |
| United Kingdom | Conservative Party | 7 | 8 | ACRE | None | IDU |
| United Kingdom | Ulster Unionist Party | 0 | 1 | ACRE | None | IDU |
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
The European Conservatives Group in the European Parliament, founded in 1970 and existing for most of its history as the 'European Democrat Group' became officially affiliated to the ACRE on 29 September 2014. The EC group is led by Samad Seyidov MP, of the New Azerbaijan Party.
As of 23 October 2014, the European Conservatives have the following members:[38]
| Country | Party name | Members | Other affiliations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europarty | EU Parliament | International | |||||
| Armenia | Prosperous Armenia | 2 | ACRE | N/A | None | ||
| Armenia | Republican Party of Armenia [A] | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Azerbaijan | New Azerbaijan Party | 4 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Azerbaijan | Independent | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Czech Republic | Civic Democratic Party | 2 | ACRE | ECR | IDU | ||
| Denmark | Danish People's Party | 1 | None | ECR | None | ||
| Greece | Independent Greeks | 1 | None | ECR | None | ||
| Norway | Progress Party | 2 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Poland | Law and Justice | 7 | ECRP | ECR | None | ||
| Poland | United Poland | 1 | MELD | No MEPs | None | ||
| Turkey | Justice and Development Party [B] | 13 | ACRE | N/A | None | ||
| Turkey | Nationalist Movement Party[C] | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Ukraine | Party of Regions [D] | 4 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Ukraine | Sovereign European Ukraine | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| Ukraine | Independent | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| United Kingdom | Conservative Party | 17 | ACRE | N/A | IDU | ||
| United Kingdom | Democratic Unionist Party | 1 | None | N/A | None | ||
| ^A One of the three members of the Republican Party of Armenia sit with the EC Group. The other two members sit with the European People's Party. ^B Eleven of the thirteen members of the Justice and Development Party sit with the EC Group. One sits with the European People's Party and one sits with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. ^C One of the two members of the Nationalist Movement Party sits with the EC Group. The other member sits with the Socialist Group. ^D Four of the seven members of Party of Regions sit with the EC Group. Two sit with the Socialist Group and one sits with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. | |||||||
Congress of the Council of Europe
The ECR group in the Congress of the Council of Europe brings together representatives in local government from across Europe. It has 31 members, 26 of whom represent parties in the ECRP.
| Country | Party name | Members | Other affiliations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europarty | EU Parliament | International | |||
| Armenia | Prosperous Armenia | 1 | ACRE | N/A | None |
| Czech Republic | Civic Democratic Party | 3 | ACRE | ECR | IDU |
| Czech Republic | Independent | 2 | None | N/A | None |
| Denmark | Danish People's Party | 1 | None | ECR | None |
| Norway | Progress Party | 2 | None | N/A | None |
| Poland | Law and Justice | 1 | ACRE | ECR | None |
| Poland | Independent | 1 | None | N/A | None |
| Turkey | Nationalist Movement Party | 5 | None | N/A | None |
| Ukraine | People's Party | 1 | None | N/A | None |
| United Kingdom | Conservative Party | 11 | ACRE | ECR | IDU |
| United Kingdom | Ulster Unionist Party | 1 | ACRE | ECR | None |
Youth organisation
European Young Conservatives
The European Young Conservatives (EYC) is ECR Party's youth wing. It brings together conservative and political parties from across Europe. As of 2020, the group has a membership of 30 political youth organisations from 30 countries and territories. Its patron was Margaret Thatcher until her death in 2013.
Principles
ECRP adopted the Reykjavík Declaration at its Council Meeting on 21 March 2014. The declaration defines the principles that underpin ECR.[39]
The Reykjavík Declaration
- The European Conservatives and Reformists Party brings together parties committed to individual liberty, national sovereignty, parliamentary democracy, the rule of law, private property, low taxes, sound money, free trade, open competition, and the devolution of power.
- ECRP believes in a Europe of independent nations, working together for mutual gain while each retaining its identity and integrity.
- ECRP is committed to the equality of all European democracies, whatever their size, and regardless of which international associations they join.
- ECRP favors the exercise of power at the lowest practicable level—by the individual where possible, by local or national authorities in preference to supranational bodies.
- ECRP understands that open societies rest upon the dignity and autonomy of the individual, who should be as free as possible from state coercion. The liberty of the individual includes freedom of religion and worship, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of movement and association, freedom of contract and employment, and freedom from oppressive, arbitrary or punitive taxation.
- ECRP recognizes the equality of all citizens before the law, regardless of ethnicity, sex or social class. It rejects all forms of extremism, authoritarianism and racism.
- ECRP cherishes the important role of civil associations, families and other bodies that fill the space between the individual and the government.
- ECRP acknowledges the unique democratic legitimacy of the nation-state.
- ECRP is committed to the spread of free commerce and open competition, in Europe and globally.
- ECRP supports the principles of the Prague Declaration of March 2009 and the work of the European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament and allied groups on the other European assemblies.
See also
Notes
References
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- ^ Ripoll Servent, Ariadna; Panning, Lara (2021). "Engaging the disengaged? Explaining the participation of Eurosceptic MEPs in trilogue negotiations". Journal of European Public Policy. 28 (1): 77. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859596. S2CID 231636889.
- ^ Brack, Nathalie; Startin, Nicholas (2015). "Introduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstream". International Political Science Review. SAGE. 36 (3): 240. doi:10.1177/0192512115577231. S2CID 145663358.
- ^ Tim Bale, Seán Hanley, and Aleks Szczerbiak (March 2010). "'May Contain Nuts'? The Reality behind the Rhetoric Surrounding the British Conservatives' New Group in the European Parliament". The Political Quarterly. 81 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2009.02067.x.
when taken together they form not so much a coherent whole as a mix of liberal conservatives (the Conservatives, ODS, LDD and MDF) and conservative nationalists (PiS and TB-LNNK).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ^
- Ingeborg Toemmel (2014). The European Union: What it is and how it Works. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-137-42754-0.
- "EU parliament sees birth of new right-wing group". EUobserver. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
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- ^ "Ursula von der Leyen makes final pledges to secure EU's top job". The Guardian. 15 July 2019.
Von der Leyen says in her letters that she hopes the "snapshot" on her positions, some of which are retreads of previous proposals from the commission, will reassure her critics, although there is a risk of putting off MEPs within the more Eurosceptic and rightwing European Conservatives and Reformists group, in which Poland's Law and Justice is the largest party.
- ^ "Explainer: Von der Leyen's rocky path to confirmation as EU Commission chief". Reuters. 12 July 2019.
The right-wing European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), will decide just ahead of the vote whether to support von der Leyen, but officials say the group is divided over the issue.
- ^ "Dutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Group". European Interest. 6 June 2019.
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- ^ Falkner, Gerda; Plattner, Georg (2018). "Populist Radical Right Parties and EU Policies: How coherent are their claims?" (PDF). EUI Working Paper RSCAS (38): 5.
- ^ John McCormick (2015). European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-137-45340-2.
- ^ Reformists, European Conservatives and. . ecrgroup.eu. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ^ Erkanor Saka (2009). Mediating the EU: Deciphering the Transformation of Turkish Elites (PhD Thesis). p. 202. ISBN 978-1-109-21663-9. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ^ Matthew (26 October 2011). "Why anti-EUism is not left-wing". Workers' Liberty. Alliance for Workers Liberty. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ . ACRE – MEMBER PARTIES & REGIONAL PARTNERS. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ . New Europe. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
- ^ . Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists. 2011. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "PRESS RELEASE: ECR PARTY ELECTS NEW PRESIDENCY". ECR Party. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
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External links
- Media related to European Conservatives and Reformists Party at Wikimedia Commons
- European Conservatives and Reformists Party Official website