Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Abdelmadjid Tebboune (Arabic: عبد المجيد تبون, romanized: ʿAbd al-Majīd Tabbūn; born 17 November 1945) is an Algerian politician currently serving as the President of Algeria since December 2019 and as Minister of Defence.[1]
Abdelmadjid Tebboune | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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عبد المجيد تبون | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tebboune in 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8th President of Algeria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 19 December 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Abdelkader Bensalah (Acting) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16th Prime Minister of Algeria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 25 May 2017 – 15 August 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Abdelaziz Bouteflika | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Abdelmalek Sellal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Ahmed Ouyahia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 17 November 1945 Mécheria, Naâma, French Algeria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | National Liberation Front (1991–2019) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Fatima Zohra Bella (m. 1980) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | National School of Administration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He took over the power from former President Abdelaziz Bouteflika and former Acting Head of State Abdelkader Bensalah. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Algeria from May 2017 to August 2017. In addition, he was also Minister of Housing[2] from 2001 to 2002 for a year and again from 2012 to 2017 for five years.[3]
Early life and education edit
Abdelmadjid Tebboune was born on 17 November 1945 in Mécheria,[4] in the current Naâma Province, in Algeria, back then Aïn-Sefra territory. He comes from a family from the commune of Boussemghoun, currently in El Bayadh Province, located in the region of the High Plains of southwest Algeria.[5] His father was a sheikh member of the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema (and Abdelmadjid studied in a school that was controlled by the Association of Ulema in Sidi Bel Abbes before the start of Algerian War between 1953 and 1954).[6] and also a soldier. [7] He is married to Fatima Zohra Bella,[8] and has five children: Saloua, Maha, Salaheddine Ilyes, Mohamed and Khaled.[9] He graduated from the National School of Administration on 29 July 1969.[10]
Political career edit
Tebboune was Minister-Delegate for Local Government from 1991 to 1992, during the last months of Chadli Benjedid's presidency. Later, under President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, he served in the government as Minister of Communication and Culture from 1999 to 2000 and then as Minister-Delegate for Local Government from 2000 to 2001. He was the Minister of Housing and Urban Planning from 2001 to 2002. Ten years later, in 2012, he returned to the post of Minister of Housing in the government of Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal. He was also found in the Panama Papers.[3]
Following the May 2017 parliamentary election, President Bouteflika appointed Tebboune to succeed Sellal as Prime Minister on 24 May 2017. The appointment of Tebboune surprised Algerian political elites, who had expected Sellal to be reappointed.[3] The new government headed by Tebboune was appointed on 25 May.[11]
Tebboune served as Prime Minister for less than three months. Bouteflika dismissed him and appointed Ahmed Ouyahia to succeed him on 15 August 2017;[12] Ouyahia took office the next day.[13]
On 12 December 2019, Tebboune was elected president following the 2019 Algerian presidential election, after taking 58% from a turnout of less than 40% the voters, against candidates from both main parties (the National Liberation Front and the Democratic National Rally).[14][15] On 19 December, he assumed office and received the National Order of Merit from the acting President Abdelkader Bensalah.[16]
Presidency edit
On the eve of the first anniversary of the Hirak Movement, President Abdelmadjid Tebboune announced in a statement to the Algerian national media that 22 February would be declared the Algerian "National Day of Fraternity and Cohesion Between The People and Its Army For Democracy."[17] In the same statement, Tebboune spoke in favor of the Hirak Movement, saying that "the blessed Hirak has preserved the country from a total collapse" and that he had "made a personal commitment to carry out all of the [movement's] demands."[17] On 21 and 22 February 2020, masses of demonstrators (with turnout comparable to well-established Algerian holidays like the Algerian Day of Independence) gathered to honor the anniversary of the Hirak Movement and the newly established national day.[18][19]
In an effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, Tebboune announced on 17 March 2020 that "marches and rallies, whatever their motives" would be prohibited.[20] After protestors and journalists were arrested for participating in such marches, Tebboune faced accusations of attempting to "silence Algerians."[21] Notably, the government's actions were condemned by Amnesty International, which said in a statement that "when all eyes [...] are on the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Algerian authorities are devoting time to speeding up the prosecution and trial of activists, journalists, and supporters of the Hirak movement."[22] CNLD estimated that around 70 prisoners of conscience were imprisoned by 2 July 2020 and that several of the imprisoned were arrested for Facebook posts.[23]
On 28 December 2019, the then-recently inaugurated President Tebboune met with Ahmed Benbitour, the former Algerian Head of Government, with whom he discussed the "foundations of the new Republic."[24]
On 8 January 2020, Tebboune established a "commission of experts" composed of 17 members (a majority of which were professors of constitutional law) responsible for examining the previous constitution and making any necessary revisions.[25] Led by Ahmed Laraba, the commission was required to submit its proposals to Tebboune directly within the following two months.[25][26] In a letter to Laraba on the same day, Tebboune outlined seven axes around which the commission should focus its discussion.[27] These areas of focus included strengthening citizens' rights, combatting corruption, consolidating the balance of powers in the Algerian government, increasing the oversight powers of parliament, promoting the independence of the judiciary, furthering citizens' equality under the law, and constitutionalizing elections.[27] Tebboune's letter also included a call for an "immutable and intangible" two-term limit to anyone serving as president — a major point of contention in the initial Hirak Movement protests, which were spurred by former president Abdelaziz Bouteflika's announced intention to run for a fifth term.[27]
In January 2020, Tebboune also instructed Prime Minister Djerad to prepare a bill against all forms of racism, regionalism and hate speech[28] based on political convictions, religion, belief or race.[29]
The preliminary draft revision of the constitution was publicly published on 7 May 2020, but the Laraba Commission (as the "commission of experts" came to be known) was open to additional proposals from the public until 20 June.[30] By 3 June, the commission had received an estimated 1,200 additional public proposals.[30] After the Laraba Commission considered all revisions, the draft was introduced to the Cabinet of Algeria (Council of Ministers).[30]
On 4 July 2020, Tebboune announced that the referendum would occur in September or October 2020.[31]
On 24 August 2020, the date for the referendum was set for 1 November, the anniversary of the start of Algeria's war of independence.[32]
The revised constitution was adopted in the Council of Ministers on 6 September,[33] in the People's National Assembly on 10 September, and Council of the Nation on 12 September, but its implementation was contingent on the results of the 1 November referendum.[34][35]
In October 2020, Tebboune tested positive for COVID-19 and flew to Germany for treatment. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Abdelaziz Djerad assumed his tasks.[36] On 29 December 2020, Tebboune resumed his duties.[37]
The constitutional changes were approved on the 1 November 2020 referendum, with 66.68% of voters participating in favour of the changes.
On 10 January 2021, Tebboune flew back to Germany for treatment of complications in his foot resulting from the COVID-19 infection.[38] On 12 February 2021, he returned to Algeria.[39]
On 16 February 2021 mass protests and a wave of nationwide rallies and peaceful demonstrations against the government of Abdelmadjid Tebboune began. On 18 February 2021, Tebboune announced changes to the cabinet. He dismissed the Minister of Energy, the Minister of Industry, and the Minister of Water Resources, among others. He also dissolved the lower house of the Algerian Parliament and called early legislative elections within six months.[40][41]
In July 2021, Tebboune formed a new government with Ayman Benabderrahmane as Prime Minister.[42]
On 28 July 2021, Tebboune stated that Algeria offers Libya "total assistance," as he was hosting Mohammad Younes el-Menfi, the president of Libya's Presidency Council.[43]
On 8 December 2021, French minister of foreign affairs Jean-Yves Le Drian and Abdelmadjid Tebboune held a meeting. They discussed bilateral relations and peace in Libya and Mali.[44]
On 24 January 2022, Tebboune visited Egypt's President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Cairo. They discussed bilateral relations,[45] the situation in Libya after the indefinite postponement of elections,[46][47] the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and the potential return of Syria to the Arab League.[48] It was the first official visit of an Algerian president to Cairo since 2008.[49]
On 15 February 2022, Tebboune announced that the government would introduce unemployment benefits for young adults, with the unemployment rate in the country over 15%. The president announced that payments to job hunters aged 19 to 40 will begin in March to preserve "young people's dignity."[50]
On 26 May 2022, during a state visit to Rome, Tebboune agreed to increase gas supply for Italy and Europe after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[51][52] On 18 July 2022, Tebboune signed an energy contract worth €4 billion for additional gas supply to Italy with Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi in Algiers, making Algeria Italy's biggest gas supplier.[53][54] In September 2022, Tebboune announced a further diversification of Algeria's economy to increase non-hydrocarbon exports.[55] Tebboune stated that "the goal we set is to achieve exports from outside oil and gas at $7 billion for the current year". Algeria's non-hydrocarbon exports reached US$5 billion in 2021.[56]
On 18 December 2022, Tebboune met with French Minister of Interior Gerald Darmanin in Algiers.[57][58] They discussed bilateral relations, migration, security, and ended the visa issue with France which had limited the number of visas issued to Algerians since September 2021.[59][60]
On 13 June 2023, Tebboune started a three-day visit to Russia.[61] During a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, they pledged to deepen the "strategic partnership" between Russia and Algeria.[62]
State visits edit
| # | Date | Country | Head of State during the visit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Feb 22, 2020[63] | Kuwait | Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah |
| 2 | Feb 26, 2020[64] | Saudi Arabia | Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |
| 3 | Dec 14, 2021[65] | Tunisia | Kais Saied |
| 4 | Jan 24, 2022[66] | Egypt | Abdel Fattah El-Sisi |
| 5 | Feb 19, 2022[67] | Qatar | Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani |
| 6 | May 15, 2022[68] | Turkey | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| 7 | May 25, 2022[69] | Italy | Sergio Mattarella |
| 8 | May 24, 2023[70] | Portugal | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| 9 | Jun 13, 2023[71] | Russia | Vladimir Putin |
Honours edit
National honours edit
- Grand Master and Grand Collar of the National Order of Merit
Foreign honours edit
- Italy: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (3 November 2021)[72]
- Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance (4 December 2022)[73]
- Palestine: Grand Collar of the State of Palestine (6 December 2021)[74][75]
- Portugal: Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (23 May 2023)
- Russia: Recipient of the Order of Friendship (15 June 2023)
- Tunisia: Grand Collar of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia (15 December 2022)[76]
See also edit
References edit
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- ^ "Algeria minister to reshuffle housing directors". الشروق أونلاين (in Arabic). 6 February 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b c Lamlili, Nadia (25 May 2017). "Premier ministre d'Abdelaziz Bouteflika ?" [Abdelaziz Bouteflika's Prime Minister?]. Jeune Afrique (in French). from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ "ELECTION POLITIQUE CITOYEN". www.election-politique.com. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "Algérie : Abdelmadjid Tebboune, un président entre les mains de l'armée". La Croix (in French). 15 December 2019. ISSN 0242-6056. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "Abdelmadjid Tebboune, à peine élu, déjà constesté à la présidence de l'Algérie". LEFIGARO (in French). 13 December 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "Algérie : les défis d'Abdelmadjid Tebboune, nouveau président d'un pays sous tension – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ Beau, Nicolas (15 November 2020). . Mondafrique (in French). Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Algérie: comment Abdelmadjid Tebboune met la fonction de chef de l'État au service de ses enfants". fr.le360.ma (in French). 24 July 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Journal officiel de la République algérienne" (PDF). Official Journal of the Algerian Republic. 29 July 1969.
- ^ "Algerian energy, finance ministers replaced in reshuffle - APS". Reuters. 24 May 2017.
- ^ Lamin chikhi (15 August 2017). . Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017.
- ^ "Le Premier Ministre prend ses fonctions". Official website of the Prime Minister of Algeria (in French). 16 August 2017.
- ^ "Algeria election: Ex-PM to replace Bouteflika after boycotted poll". BBC. 13 December 2019.
- ^ . El Watan (in French). 15 December 2019. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
- ^ "بن صالح يقلد تبون وسام الإستحقاق الوطني". ennaharonline.com (in Arabic). 19 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Le Président Tebboune assure que le Hirak est un phénomène salutaire et met en garde contre toute tentative d'infiltration" (in French). 20 February 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Aichoun, Abdelghani (22 February 2020). (in French). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Hamadi, Ryar (22 February 2020). "Anniversaire du Hirak : des milliers de personnes empêchées de marcher sur El Mouradia" (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Makedhi, Madjid (18 March 2020). (in French). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
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- ^ "Defend the right to protest in Algeria". amnesty.org. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ "En Algérie, la justice libère Karim Tabbou, Amira Bouraoui, Samir Benlarbi et Slimane Hamitouche, figures de la contestation". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2 July 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Tebboune nomme Mohand Oussaïd Belaïd porte-parole de la présidence et reçoit Benbitour" (in French). 29 December 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Algérie: le président Tebboune nomme une commission pour réviser la Constitution" (in French). 9 January 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Révision de la Constitution : Tebboune nomme un comité d'experts". TSA (in French). 8 January 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ a b c "Révision de la Constitution : Tebboune trace sept axes principaux". TSA (in French). 8 January 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ "Algeria: Fight Against Hate Speech - President Tebboune Instructed Djerad to Develop Bill". allAfrica.com. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Fight against Hate Speech in Algeria: What Role Does Education Have to Play? |". ResearchGate. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "Révision de la constitution : la nature du régime et l'identité " non concernées par les amendements "" (in French). 3 June 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Mehenni, Ouramdane (4 July 2020). "Nouvelle Constitution : Tebboune annonce un référendum en septembre ou octobre" (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Algeria to hold promised constitution referendum on November 1". 24 August 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Oul, Ahmed (7 September 2020). "Révision de la Constitution algérienne : Voici les principaux axes" (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Litamine, Khelifa (10 September 2020). "APN : Le projet de la révision constitutionnelle adopté à la majorité" (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Conseil de la Nation: adoption du texte de loi relatif à la révision de la Constitution" (in French). 12 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Rippin, Tara (12 December 2020). "Algerian President 'disappears' after flying to Germany for Covid treatment". Euro Weekly News Spain. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "Algerian President Tebboune returns after Covid treatment in Germany". BBC News. 29 December 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ Ahmed, Hamid Ould (10 January 2021). "Algerian president returns to Germany to be treated for COVID-19 complications". Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ "Algeria's Tebboune returns home after hospitalisation in Germany". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ AfricaNews (22 February 2021). "Algerian President Reshuffles Government Without Major Cabinet Changes". Africanews. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
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- ^ "Tebboune meets Menfi, offers Algeria's support to Libya". The Arab Weekly. The Arab Weekly. The Arab Weekly. 29 July 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ "French foreign minister makes surprise visit to Algeria, urges easing of Paris-Algiers tensions". France 24. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Egypt: President Abdel Fattah El Sisi Receives Algerian President". allAfrica.com. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ "Algeria's leader in Egypt for talks on Libya, Ethiopia dam". Midland Daily News. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
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- ^ "Egypt and Algeria move closer - Egypt - Al-Ahram Weekly". Ahram Online. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ anatolianet (24 January 2022). "Algeria's Tebboune arrives in Egypt for official visit". TurkishPress. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ "Unemployed youth in Algeria to receive monthly pay". Africanews. Africanews. Africanews. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ "Italian energy giant Eni signs deal to boost Algerian gas supply". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ "President Tebboune arrives in Rome". Algeria Press Service. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ "Algeria becomes Italy's biggest gas supplier in new €4bn deal". euronews. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ "Gas supplies from Algeria to Italy to increase in coming years - Draghi". Reuters. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ "Non-hydrocarbon exports: Algeria targets US$7 billion by end of 2022". Algeria Press Service. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ Herrera, Brenton (25 September 2022). "Algeria is looking to raise the value of exports outside hydrocarbons". Fourals. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Algeria: President Tebboune Receives French Minister of Interior". allAfrica.com. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ "President Tebboune receives French Minister of Interior". Algerian Press Service. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Algeria summons French envoy over visa restriction plan". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ R, Bleona (19 December 2022). "France Puts an End to Visa Dispute With Algeria". SchengenVisaInfo.com. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ "Algeria's president starting state visit to Russia at invitation of Putin". AP News. 13 June 2023.
- ^ "Russia, Algeria tighten 'strategic' ties". Africanews. 19 June 2023.
- ^ "Le Président Tebboune en visite officielle au Koweït". Ambassade d'Algérie à Sofia.
- ^ "Le président algérien arrive en Arabie Saoudite, sa première visite dans un pays arabe". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ "La visite historique du président Tebboune à Tunis jette de nouvelles bases de partenariat bilatéral". Algérie Presse Service.
- ^ "Visite du Président Tebboune en Egypte : renforcement de la coopération et de l'action commune". Algérie Presse Service.
- ^ "Le Président Tebboune en visite d'Etat au Qatar à partir de samedi". Algérie Presse Service.
- ^ "Le Président Tebboune poursuit sa visite d'État en Turquie". Algérie Presse Service.
- ^ "Le Président Tebboune entame une visite d'Etat en Italie à partir de mercredi". Algérie Presse Service.
- ^ "Visite d'Etat du président de la République au Portugal: plusieurs accords de coopération signés". Algérie Presse Service (in French).
- ^ "Journal de l'Afrique - Algérie : le président Tebboune en visite d'État en Russie à l'invitation de Poutine". France 24 (in French). 13 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ Sito web del Quirinale: dettaglio decorato.
- ^ The Royal Hashemite Court
- ^ "الرئيس ونظيره الجزائري يتبادلان الأوسمة". WAFA Agency. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "President Tebboune awards Medal of Friends of Algerian Revolution to President of State of Palestine". Algeria Presse Service.
- ^ "Tebboune décoré du grand cordon du mérite national". 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.