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Americans

February 05, 2023

This article is about the people of the United States of America. For a background on their demonym, see American (word). For other uses, see American (disambiguation) and The Americans (disambiguation). For the legal term, see United States person.

Americans are the citizens and nationals of the United States of America.[10][11] Although direct citizens and nationals make up the majority of Americans, many dual citizens, expatriates, and permanent residents could also legally claim American nationality.[12] The United States is home to people of many racial and ethnic origins; consequently, American culture and law do not equate nationality with race or ethnicity, but with citizenship and an oath of permanent allegiance.[13][14][15]

Americans
Total population
c. 331.4 million[1]
(2020 U.S. census)
Regions with significant populations
American diaspora:
c. 2.996 million (by U.S. citizenship)[2][3]
Mexico799,000+[2][3]
Philippines38,000-300,000[2][3][4]
Canada273,000+[2][3]
Brazil22,000-260,000[2][5]
United Kingdom171,000+[2][3]
Germany153,000+[2][3]
Australia117,000+[2][3]
France100,000+[6]
Saudi Arabia70,000-80,000[7][8]
Israel77,000+[2][3]
South Korea68,000+[2][3]
Japan58,000+[2][3]
Spain57,000+[2][3]
Italy54,000+[2][3]
Bangladesh45,000+[2][3]
Peru41,000+[2][3]
Switzerland39,000+[2][3]
Ireland35,000+[2][3]
Netherlands35,000+[2][3]
India33,000+[2][3]
Languages
American English, Spanish, Native American languages and various others
Religion
Majority:
Christianity (Protestantism, Catholicism, and other denominations)[9]
Minority:
Irreligion, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and various others[9]

Overview

Main articles: Colonial United States, Demographics of the United States, and Immigration to the United States

The majority of Americans or their ancestors immigrated to the United States or are descended from people who were brought as slaves within the past five centuries, with the exception of the Native American population and people from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine Islands,[16] who became American through expansion of the country in the 19th century,[17] additionally America expanded into American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century.[18][11]

Despite its multi-ethnic composition,[19][20] the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream American culture, a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Northern and Western European colonists, settlers, and immigrants.[19] It also includes influences of African-American culture.[21] Westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements. Immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.[19]

In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the American diaspora.[22][23][24]

Racial and ethnic groups

Main article: Race and ethnicity in the United States
2020 U.S. Census[25]
Self-identified race and ethnicity Percent of population
Non-Latino White Americans (mainly European-Americans, but also includes Middle Eastern-Americans and North African-Americans)
 
 57.8%
Latino Americans (mainly Hispanic-Americans, but also includes Brazilian-Americans)
 
 18.7%
Black or African Americans (Sub-Saharan African Americans)
 
 12.1%
Asian or Asian Americans (East Asian-Americans, Southeast Asian-Americans and South-Asian Americans)
 
 5.9%
Indigenous Americans (including Alaska Natives)
 
 0.7%
Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders
 
 0.2%
Two or more races
 
 4.1%
Some other race
 
 0.5%
Total
 
 100.0%

The United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically.[26] Six races are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys.[27][28][29]

The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse ethnicity that comprises the largest minority group in the nation.[27][28][29]

White and European Americans

Main articles: European Americans and White Americans

People of European descent, or White Americans (also referred to as European Americans and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 57.8% of the population in the 2020 United States Census.[a][31][32] They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.[31] Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 45 states. There are five minority-majority states: California, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, and Hawaii.[33][34] In addition, the District of Columbia and the five inhabited U.S. territories have a non-white majority.[31] The state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine.[35]

Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to, and many claim descent from various European ethnic groups.[36]

The Spaniards were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565.[37]Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida then a part of New Spain, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States.[38] Virginia Dare, born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the original Thirteen Colonies to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1521.

In the 2017 American Community Survey, German Americans (13.2%), Irish Americans (9.7%), English Americans (7.1%) and Italian Americans (5.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States forming 35.1% of the total population.[39] However, the English Americans and British Americans demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "Americans" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the 1990 census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the Upland South, a region that was settled historically by the British.[40][41][42][43][44][45]

Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest poverty rate[46] and the second highest educational attainment levels, median household income,[47] and median personal income[48] of any racial demographic in the nation.

 
European ancestry in the US by county (self-reported)
White and European Americans by ancestry group
Rank Ancestry group % of total population Pop. estimates Ref(s)
1 German 13.2% 43,093,766 [39]
2 Irish 9.7% 31,479,232 [39]
3 English 7.1% 23,074,947 [39]
4 American 6.1% 20,024,830 [39]
5 Italian 5.1% 16,650,674 [39]
6 Polish 2.8% 9,012,085 [39]
7 French (except Basque)
French Canadian		 2.4%
0.6%		 7,673,619
2,110,014		 [39]
8 Scottish 1.7% 5,399,371 [39]
9 Norwegian 1.3% 4,295,981 [39]
10 Dutch 1.2% 3,906,193 [39]
Total White and European American 57.8% 191,697,647 [25]
Source:[49][50] 2020 United States Census & 2017 American Community Survey

Middle Easterners and North Africans

Main articles: Middle Eastern Americans, North Africans in the United States, Arab Americans, Iranian Americans, Jewish Americans, and Armenian Americans

According to the American Jewish Archives and the Arab American National Museum, the first Middle Easterners and North Africans (viz. Jews and Berbers) to arrive in the Americas landed in the late 15th to mid-16th centuries.[51][52][53][54] Many fled ethnic or ethnoreligious persecution during the Spanish Inquisition;[55][56] a few were taken to the Americas as slaves.[52]

In 2014, The United States Census Bureau began finalizing the ethnic classification of people of Middle Eastern and North African ("MENA") origins.[57] According to the Arab American Institute (AAI), Arab Americans have family origins in each of the 22 member states of the Arab League.[58] Following consultations with MENA organizations, the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from the Middle East, North Africa and the Arab world, separate from the "white" classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909. The expert groups, felt that the earlier "white" designation no longer accurately represents MENA identity, so they successfully lobbied for a distinct categorization.[59] This new category would also include Israeli-Americans.[60] The Census Bureau does not currently ask about whether one is Sikh, because it views them as followers of a religion rather than members of an ethnic group, and it does not combine questions concerning religion with race or ethnicity.[61] As of December 2015, the sampling strata for the new MENA category includes the Census Bureau's working classification of 19 MENA groups, as well as Turkish, Sudanese, Djiboutian, Somali, Mauritanian, Armenian, Cypriot, Afghan, Azerbaijani and Georgian groups.[62] In January 2018, it was announced that the Census Bureau would not include the grouping in the 2020 Census.[63]

Middle Eastern Americans in the 2000[64] - 2010 U.S. Census,[65] the Mandell L. Berman Institute, and the North American Jewish Data Bank[66]
Ancestry 2000 2000 (% of US population) 2010 2010 (% of US population)
Arab 1,160,729 0.4125% 1,697,570 0.5498%
Armenian 385,488 0.1370% 474,559 0.1537%
Iranian 338,266 0.1202% 463,552 0.1501%
Jewish 6,155,000 2.1810% 6,543,820 2.1157%
Total 8,568,772 3.036418% 9,981,332 3.227071%

Hispanic and Latino Americans

Main article: Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group in the United States, comprising 62,080,044 people or 18.7% of the population according to the 2020 United States Census.[b][67][68]

Hispanic and Latino Americans are not considered a race in the United States census, instead forming an ethnic category.[69][70][71][72]

People of Spanish or Hispanic and Latino descent have lived in what is now United States territory since the founding of San Juan, Puerto Rico (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement on American soil) in 1521 by Juan Ponce de Leon, and the founding of St. Augustine, Florida (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the continental United States) in 1565 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. In the State of Texas, Spaniards first settled the region in the late 1600s and formed a unique cultural group known as Tejanos.

Hispanic and Latino American population by national origin[73][74]
Rank National origin % of total population Pop. Ref(s)
1 Mexican 10.29% 31,798,258 [75]
2 Puerto Rican 1.49% 4,623,716 [76]
3 Cuban 0.57% 1,785,547 [77]
4 Salvadoran 0.53% 1,648,968 [78]
5 Dominican 0.45% 1,414,703 [79]
6 Guatemalan 0.33% 1,044,209 [80]
7 Colombian 0.3% 908,734 [81]
8 Spanish 0.2% 635,253 [82]
9 Honduran 0.2% 633,401 [83]
10 Ecuadorian 0.1% 564,631 [84]
11 Peruvian 0.1% 531,358 [85]
All other 2.62% 7,630,835
Hispanic and Latino American (total) 18.7% 62,080,044
2020 United States Census

Black and African Americans

Main article: African Americans

Black and African Americans are citizens and residents of the United States with origins in Sub-Saharan Africa.[86] According to the Office of Management and Budget, the grouping includes individuals who self-identify as African American, as well as persons who emigrated from nations in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa.[87] The grouping is thus based on geography, and may contradict or misrepresent an individual's self-identification since not all immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa are "Black". Among these racial outliers are persons from Cape Verde, Madagascar, various Arab states and Hamito-Semitic populations in East Africa and the Sahel, and the Afrikaners of Southern Africa.[86] African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa.[88] According to the 2020 United States Census, there were 39,940,338 Black and African Americans in the United States, representing 12.1% of the population.[89][c][90] Black and African Americans make up the third largest group in the United States, after White and European Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans.[67] The majority of the population (55%) lives in the South; compared to the 2000 Census, there has also been a decrease of African Americans in the Northeast and Midwest.[90]

Most African Americans are the direct descendants of captives from West Africa and Central Africa, from ancestral populations in countries like Nigeria, Benin, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Angola,[91] who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States.[92]As an adjective, the term is usually spelled African-American.[93] Montinaro et al. (2014) observed that around 50% of the overall ancestry of African Americans traces back to the Niger-Congo-speaking Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin (before the European colonization of Africa this people created the Oyo Empire), reflecting the centrality of this West African region in the Atlantic Slave Trade.[94] Zakharaia et al. (2009) found a similar proportion of Yoruba associated ancestry in their African-American samples, with a minority also drawn from Mandenka populations (founders of the Mali Empire), and Bantu populations (who had a varying level of social organization during the colonial era, while some Bantu peoples were still tribal, other Bantu peoples had founded kingdoms such as the Kingdom of Kongo).[95].

The first West African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The English settlers treated these captives as indentured servants and released them after a number of years. This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race-based slavery used in the Caribbean.[96] All the American colonies had slavery, but it was usually the form of personal servants in the North (where 2% of the people were slaves), and field hands in plantations in the South (where 25% were slaves);[97] by the beginning of the American Revolutionary War 1/5th of the total population was enslaved.[98] During the revolution, some would serve in the Continental Army or Continental Navy,[99][100] while others would serve the British Empire in Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment, and other units.[101] By 1804, the northern states (north of the Mason–Dixon line) had abolished slavery.[102] However, slavery would persist in the southern states until the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.[103] Following the end of the Reconstruction Era, which saw the first African American representation in Congress,[104] African Americans became disenfranchised and subject to Jim Crow laws,[105] legislation that would persist until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act due to the Civil Rights Movement.[106]

According to US Census Bureau data, very few African immigrants self-identify as African American. On average, less than 5% of African residents self-reported as "African American" or "Afro-American" on the 2000 US Census. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants (~95%) identified instead with their own respective ethnicities. Self-designation as "African American" or "Afro-American" was highest among individuals from West Africa (4%-9%), and lowest among individuals from Cape Verde, East Africa and Southern Africa (0%-4%).[107] African immigrants may also experience conflict with African Americans.[108]

Black and African American population by ancestry group[49][87]
Rank Ancestry group Percentage
of total est. population 		Pop. estimates
1 Jamaican 0.31% 986,897
2 Haitian 0.28% 873,003
3 Nigerian 0.08% 259,934
4 Trinidadian and Tobagonian 0.06% 193,233
5 Ghanaian 0.03% 94,405
6 Barbadian 0.01% 59,236
Sub-Saharan African (total) 0.92% 2,864,067
West Indian (total) (except Hispanic groups) 0.85% 2,633,149
Black and African American (total) 12.1% 39,940,338
2020 United States Census

Asian Americans

Main article: Asian Americans

Another significant population is the Asian American population, comprising 19,618,719 people in 2020, or 5.9% of the U.S. population.[d][109][110] California is home to 5.6 million Asian Americans, the greatest number in any state.[111] In Hawaii, Asian Americans make up the highest proportion of the population (57 percent).[111] Asian Americans live across the country, yet are heavily urbanized, with significant populations in the Greater Los Angeles Area, New York metropolitan area, and the San Francisco Bay Area.[112]

The U.S. census defines Asian Americans as those with origins to the countries of East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. Although Americans with roots in Western Asia were once classified as "Asian", they are now excluded from the term in modern census classifications.[113] The largest sub-groups are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Cambodia, Mainland China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Asians overall have higher income levels than all other racial groups in the United States, including whites, and the trend appears to be increasing in relation to those groups.[114] Additionally, Asians have a higher education attainment level than all other racial groups in the United States.[115][116] For better or for worse, the group has been called a model minority.[117][118][119]

While Asian Americans have been in what is now the United States since before the Revolutionary War,[120][121][122] relatively large waves of Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese immigration did not begin until the mid-to-late 19th century.[122] Immigration and significant population growth continue to this day.[123] Due to a number of factors, Asian Americans have been stereotyped as "perpetual foreigners".[124][125]

Asian American ancestries[109]
Rank Ancestry Percentage
of total population 		Pop.
1 Chinese 1.2% 3,797,379
2 Filipino 1.1% 3,417,285
3 Indian 1.0% 3,183,063
4 Vietnamese 0.5% 1,737,665
5 Korean 0.5% 1,707,027
6 Japanese 0.4% 1,304,599
Other Asian 0.9% 2,799,448
Asian American (total) 5.9% 19,618,719
2020 United States Census

Native American and Alaska Natives

Main article: Native Americans in the United States
See also: Blood quantum laws and Bureau of Indian Affairs

According to the 2020 Census, there are 2,251,699 people who are Native Americans or Alaska Natives alone; they make up 0.7% of the total population.[e][126] According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), an "American Indian or Alaska Native" is a person whose ancestry have origins in any of the original peoples of North, Central, or South America.[126] 2.3 million individuals who are American Indian or Alaskan Native are multiracial;[126] additionally the plurality of American Indians reside in the Western United States (40.7%).[126] Collectively and historically this race has been known by several names;[127] as of 1995, 50% of those who fall within the OMB definition prefer the term "American Indian", 37% prefer "Native American" and the remainder have no preference or prefer a different term altogether.[128]

Among Americans today, levels of Native American ancestry (distinct from Native American identity) differ. The genomes of self-reported African Americans averaged to 0.8% Native American ancestry, those of European Americans averaged to 0.18%, and those of Latinos averaged to 18.0%.[129][130]

Native Americans, whose ancestry is indigenous to the Americas, originally migrated to the two continents between 10,000 and 45,000 years ago.[131] These Paleoamericans spread throughout the two continents and evolved into hundreds of distinct cultures during the pre-Columbian era.[132] Following the first voyage of Christopher Columbus,[133] the European colonization of the Americas began, with St. Augustine, Florida becoming the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States.[134] From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the population of Native Americans declined in the following ways: epidemic diseases brought from Europe;[135] genocide and warfare at the hands of European explorers, settlers and colonists,[136][137] as well as between tribes;[138][139] displacement from their lands;[140] internal warfare,[141] enslavement;[142] and intermarriage.[143][144]

Native American and Alaska Native population by selected tribal groups[126][145]
Rank National origin Percentage
of total population 		Pop.
1 Cherokee 0.26% 819,105
2 Navajo 0.1% 332,129
3 Choctaw 0.06% 195,764
5 Chippewa 0.05% 170,742
6 Sioux 0.05% 170,110
All other 1.08% 3,357,235
American Indian (total) 0.7% 2,251,699
2020 United States Census

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders

Main article: Pacific Islands Americans

As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are "persons having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands".[146] Previously called Asian Pacific American, along with Asian Americans beginning in 1976, this was changed in 1997.[147] As of the 2020 United States Census there are 622,018 who reside in the United States, and make up 0.2% of the nation's total population.[f][148] 14% of the population have at least a bachelor's degree,[148] and 15.1% live in poverty, below the poverty threshold.[148] As compared to the 2000 United States Census this population grew by 40%;[146] and 71% live in the West; of those over half (52%) live in either Hawaii or California, with no other states having populations greater than 100,000. The U.S. territories in the Pacific also have large Pacific Islander populations such as Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (Chammoro), and American Samoa (Samoan).[146] The largest concentration of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, is Honolulu County in Hawaii,[148] and Los Angeles County in the continental United States.[146]

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander by ancestries[146]
Rank Ancestry Percentage Pop.
1 Native Hawaiian 0.17% 527,077
2 Samoan 0.05% 184,440
3 Chamorro 0.04% 147,798
4 Tongan 0.01% 57,183
Other Pacific Islanders 0.09% 308,697
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (total) 0.2% 622,018
2020 United States Census

Two or more races

Main article: Multiracial Americans

The United States has a growing multiracial identity movement.[149] Multiracial Americans numbered 7.0 million in 2008, or 2.3% of the population;[110] by the 2020 census the multiracial increased to 13,548,983, or 4.1% of the total population.[150] They can be any combination of races (White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, "some other race") and ethnicities.[151] The largest population of Multiracial Americans were those of White and African American descent, with a total of 1,834,212 self-identifying individuals.[150] Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States who is biracial- his mother is white (of English and Irish descent) and his father is of Kenyan birth-[152][153] only self-identifies as being African American.[154][155]

Population by selected Two or More Races Population[156]
Rank Specific Combinations Percentage
of total population 		Pop.
1 White; Black 0.59% 1,834,212
2 White; Some Other Race 0.56% 1,740,924
3 White; Asian 0.52% 1,623,234
4 White; Native American 0.46% 1,432,309
5 African American; Some Other Race 0.1% 314,571
6 African American; Native American 0.08% 269,421
All other specific combinations 0.58% 1,794,402
Multiracial American (total) 4.1% 13,548,983
2020 United States Census

Some other race

According to the 2020 United States Census, 8.4% or 27,915,715 Americans chose to self-identify with the "some other race" category, the third most popular option. Also, 42.2% or 26,225,882 Hispanic/Latino Americans chose to identify as some other race as these Hispanic/Latinos may feel the U.S. Census does not describe their European and American Indian ancestry as they understand it to be.[157] A significant portion of the Hispanic and Latino population self-identifies as Mestizo, particularly the Mexican and Central American community.[citation needed] Mestizo is not a racial category in the U.S. Census, but signifies someone who has both European and American Indian ancestry.

National personification

 
 
"Uncle Sam" is a national personification of the United States. The image bears a resemblance to the real Samuel Wilson and the pose used here is based on Lord Kitchener Wants You. The female personification, primarily popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, is "Columbia".

Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States and sometimes more specifically of the American government, with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812. He is depicted as a stern elderly white man with white hair and a goatee beard, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States – for example, typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers.

Columbia is a poetic name for the Americas and the feminine personification of the United States of America, made famous by African-American poet Phillis Wheatley during the American Revolutionary War in 1776. It has inspired the names of many persons, places, objects, institutions, and companies in the Western Hemisphere and beyond, including the District of Columbia, the seat of government of the United States.

Language

Main articles: Languages of the United States, English language, American English, and English-only
Languages spoken at home by more than 1 million persons in 2010[158]
Language Percent of
population		 Number of
speakers
English 80.38% 233,780,338
Combined total of all languages
other than English		 19.62% 57,048,617
Spanish
(excluding Puerto Rico and Spanish Creole)		 12.19% 35,437,985
Chinese
(including Cantonese and Mandarin)		 0.9% 2,567,779
Tagalog 0.53% 1,542,118
Vietnamese 0.44% 1,292,448
French 0.44% 1,288,833
Korean 0.38% 1,108,408
German 0.38% 1,107,869

English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2007, about 226 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[159][160] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[161] Both English and Hawaiian are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[162]

While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[163] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents. The latter include court forms.[164] Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.

Religion

Main article: Religion in the United States
Religious affiliation in the U.S. (2014)[165]
Affiliation % of U.S. population
Christian 70.6 70.6
 
Protestant 46.5 46.5
 
Evangelical Protestant 25.4 25.4
 
Mainline Protestant 14.7 14.7
 
Black church 6.5 6.5
 
Catholic 20.8 20.8
 
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1.6 1.6
 
Jehovah's Witnesses 0.8 0.8
 
Eastern Orthodox 0.5 0.5
 
Other Christian 0.4 0.4
 
Non-Christian faiths 5.9 5.9
 
Jewish 1.9 1.9
 
Muslim 0.9 0.9
 
Buddhist 0.7 0.7
 
Hindu 0.7 0.7
 
Other Non-Christian faiths 1.8 1.8
 
Unaffiliated 22.8 22.8
 
Nothing in particular 15.8 15.8
 
Agnostic 4.0 4
 
Atheist 3.1 3.1
 
Don't know/refused answer 0.6 0.6
 
Total 100 100
 

Religion in the United States has a high adherence level compared to other developed countries, as well as a diversity in beliefs. The First Amendment to the country's Constitution prevents the Federal government from making any "law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof". The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this as preventing the government from having any authority in religion. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a "very important" role in their lives, a proportion unusual among developed countries, although similar to the other nations of the Americas.[166] Many faiths have flourished in the United States, including both later imports spanning the country's multicultural immigrant heritage, as well as those founded within the country; these have led the United States to become the most religiously diverse country in the world.[167]

The United States has the world's largest Christian population.[168] The majority of Americans (76%) are Christians, mostly within Protestant and Catholic denominations; these adherents constitute 48% and 23% of the population, respectively.[169] Other religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism, which collectively make up about 4% to 5% of the adult population.[170][171][172] Another 15% of the adult population identifies as having no religious belief or no religious affiliation.[170] According to the American Religious Identification Survey, religious belief varies considerably across the country: 59% of Americans living in Western states (the "Unchurched Belt") report a belief in God, yet in the South (the "Bible Belt") the figure is as high as 86%.[170][173]

Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their own religion without discrimination: the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans, Pennsylvania by Irish and English Quakers, Maryland by English and Irish Catholics, and Virginia by English Anglicans. Although some individual states retained established religious confessions well into the 19th century, the United States was the first nation to have no official state-endorsed religion.[174] Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. The decision was mainly influenced by European Rationalist and Protestant ideals, but was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them.[175]

Culture

Main article: Culture of the United States
 
Apple pie and baseball are icons of American culture.

The American culture is primarily a Western culture, but is influenced by Native American, West African, Latin American, East Asian, and Polynesian cultures.

The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics, such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine and folklore.[20]

Its chief early European influences came from English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish settlers of colonial America during British rule. British culture, due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence.[176] Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially Germany,[177] France,[178] and Italy.[179]

Original elements also play a strong role, such as Jeffersonian democracy.[180] Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reaction to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was degenerate.[180] Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays, uniquely American sports, military tradition,[181] and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole.[182]

American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, faith in freedom and democracy), the American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity.

Diaspora

Main article: American diaspora
 
Map of the American diaspora in the world (includes people with American citizenship or children of Americans).
  United States
  + 1,000,000
  + 100,000
  + 10,000
  + 1,000

Americans have migrated to many places around the world, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. Unlike migration from other countries, U.S. migration is not concentrated in specific countries, possibly as a result of the roots of immigration from so many different countries to the United States.[183] As of 2016, there were approximately 9 million U.S. citizens living outside of the United States.[184]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Europe (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.[30]
  2. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Latin America and the Caribbean (21,224 thousand), in 2010, 32.1% were naturalized.[30]
  3. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Africa (1,607 thousand), in 2010, 46.1% were naturalized.[30]
  4. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Asia (11,284 thousand), in 2010, 57.7% were naturalized.[30]
  5. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Northern America (807 thousand), in 2010, 44.3% were naturalized.[30]
  6. ^ Of the foreign-born population from Oceania (217 thousand), in 2010, 36.9% were naturalized.[30]

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February 05, 2023
americans, this, article, about, people, united, states, america, background, their, demonym, american, word, other, uses, american, disambiguation, disambiguation, legal, term, united, states, person, citizens, nationals, united, states, america, although, di. This article is about the people of the United States of America For a background on their demonym see American word For other uses see American disambiguation and The Americans disambiguation For the legal term see United States person Americans are the citizens and nationals of the United States of America 10 11 Although direct citizens and nationals make up the majority of Americans many dual citizens expatriates and permanent residents could also legally claim American nationality 12 The United States is home to people of many racial and ethnic origins consequently American culture and law do not equate nationality with race or ethnicity but with citizenship and an oath of permanent allegiance 13 14 15 AmericansFlag of the United StatesTotal populationc 331 4 million 1 2020 U S census Regions with significant populationsAmerican diaspora c 2 996 million by U S citizenship 2 3 Mexico799 000 2 3 Philippines38 000 300 000 2 3 4 Canada273 000 2 3 Brazil22 000 260 000 2 5 United Kingdom171 000 2 3 Germany153 000 2 3 Australia117 000 2 3 France100 000 6 Saudi Arabia70 000 80 000 7 8 Israel77 000 2 3 South Korea68 000 2 3 Japan58 000 2 3 Spain57 000 2 3 Italy54 000 2 3 Bangladesh45 000 2 3 Peru41 000 2 3 Switzerland39 000 2 3 Ireland35 000 2 3 Netherlands35 000 2 3 India33 000 2 3 LanguagesAmerican English Spanish Native American languages and various othersReligionMajority Christianity Protestantism Catholicism and other denominations 9 Minority Irreligion Judaism Islam Hinduism Buddhism Sikhism and various others 9 Contents 1 Overview 2 Racial and ethnic groups 2 1 White and European Americans 2 1 1 Middle Easterners and North Africans 2 2 Hispanic and Latino Americans 2 3 Black and African Americans 2 4 Asian Americans 2 5 Native American and Alaska Natives 2 6 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 2 7 Two or more races 2 8 Some other race 3 National personification 4 Language 5 Religion 6 Culture 7 Diaspora 8 See also 9 Notes 10 ReferencesOverview EditMain articles Colonial United States Demographics of the United States and Immigration to the United States The majority of Americans or their ancestors immigrated to the United States or are descended from people who were brought as slaves within the past five centuries with the exception of the Native American population and people from Hawaii Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippine Islands 16 who became American through expansion of the country in the 19th century 17 additionally America expanded into American Samoa the U S Virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century 18 11 Despite its multi ethnic composition 19 20 the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream American culture a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Northern and Western European colonists settlers and immigrants 19 It also includes influences of African American culture 21 Westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico Large scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements Immigration from Asia Africa and Latin America has also had impact A cultural melting pot or pluralistic salad bowl describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics 19 In addition to the United States Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad and make up the American diaspora 22 23 24 Racial and ethnic groups EditMain article Race and ethnicity in the United States This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information September 2021 2020 U S Census 25 Self identified race and ethnicity Percent of populationNon Latino White Americans mainly European Americans but also includes Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans 57 8 Latino Americans mainly Hispanic Americans but also includes Brazilian Americans 18 7 Black or African Americans Sub Saharan African Americans 12 1 Asian or Asian Americans East Asian Americans Southeast Asian Americans and South Asian Americans 5 9 Indigenous Americans including Alaska Natives 0 7 Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders 0 2 Two or more races 4 1 Some other race 0 5 Total 100 0 The United States of America is a diverse country racially and ethnically 26 Six races are officially recognized by the U S Census Bureau for statistical purposes Alaska Native and American Indian Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander White and people of two or more races Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys 27 28 29 The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse ethnicity that comprises the largest minority group in the nation 27 28 29 White and European Americans Edit Main articles European Americans and White Americans People of European descent or White Americans also referred to as European Americans and Caucasian Americans constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States with 191 697 647 people or 57 8 of the population in the 2020 United States Census a 31 32 They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe the Middle East and North Africa 31 Non Hispanic Whites are the majority in 45 states There are five minority majority states California Texas New Mexico Nevada and Hawaii 33 34 In addition the District of Columbia and the five inhabited U S territories have a non white majority 31 The state with the highest percentage of non Hispanic White Americans is Maine 35 Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to and many claim descent from various European ethnic groups 36 The Spaniards were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565 37 Martin de Arguelles born 1566 San Agustin La Florida then a part of New Spain was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States 38 Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present day North Carolina was the first child born in the original Thirteen Colonies to English parents The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of San Juan Puerto Rico in 1521 In the 2017 American Community Survey German Americans 13 2 Irish Americans 9 7 English Americans 7 1 and Italian Americans 5 1 were the four largest self reported European ancestry groups in the United States forming 35 1 of the total population 39 However the English Americans and British Americans demography is considered a serious under count as they tend to self report and identify as simply Americans since the introduction of a new American category in the 1990 census due to the length of time they have inhabited America This is highly over represented in the Upland South a region that was settled historically by the British 40 41 42 43 44 45 Overall as the largest group European Americans have the lowest poverty rate 46 and the second highest educational attainment levels median household income 47 and median personal income 48 of any racial demographic in the nation European ancestry in the US by county self reported White and European Americans by ancestry groupRank Ancestry group of total population Pop estimates Ref s 1 German 13 2 43 093 766 39 2 Irish 9 7 31 479 232 39 3 English 7 1 23 074 947 39 4 American 6 1 20 024 830 39 5 Italian 5 1 16 650 674 39 6 Polish 2 8 9 012 085 39 7 French except Basque French Canadian 2 4 0 6 7 673 6192 110 014 39 8 Scottish 1 7 5 399 371 39 9 Norwegian 1 3 4 295 981 39 10 Dutch 1 2 3 906 193 39 Total White and European American 57 8 191 697 647 25 Source 49 50 2020 United States Census amp 2017 American Community SurveyMiddle Easterners and North Africans Edit Main articles Middle Eastern Americans North Africans in the United States Arab Americans Iranian Americans Jewish Americans and Armenian Americans According to the American Jewish Archives and the Arab American National Museum the first Middle Easterners and North Africans viz Jews and Berbers to arrive in the Americas landed in the late 15th to mid 16th centuries 51 52 53 54 Many fled ethnic or ethnoreligious persecution during the Spanish Inquisition 55 56 a few were taken to the Americas as slaves 52 In 2014 The United States Census Bureau began finalizing the ethnic classification of people of Middle Eastern and North African MENA origins 57 According to the Arab American Institute AAI Arab Americans have family origins in each of the 22 member states of the Arab League 58 Following consultations with MENA organizations the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from the Middle East North Africa and the Arab world separate from the white classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909 The expert groups felt that the earlier white designation no longer accurately represents MENA identity so they successfully lobbied for a distinct categorization 59 This new category would also include Israeli Americans 60 The Census Bureau does not currently ask about whether one is Sikh because it views them as followers of a religion rather than members of an ethnic group and it does not combine questions concerning religion with race or ethnicity 61 As of December 2015 the sampling strata for the new MENA category includes the Census Bureau s working classification of 19 MENA groups as well as Turkish Sudanese Djiboutian Somali Mauritanian Armenian Cypriot Afghan Azerbaijani and Georgian groups 62 In January 2018 it was announced that the Census Bureau would not include the grouping in the 2020 Census 63 Middle Eastern Americans in the 2000 64 2010 U S Census 65 the Mandell L Berman Institute and the North American Jewish Data Bank 66 Ancestry 2000 2000 of US population 2010 2010 of US population Arab 1 160 729 0 4125 1 697 570 0 5498 Armenian 385 488 0 1370 474 559 0 1537 Iranian 338 266 0 1202 463 552 0 1501 Jewish 6 155 000 2 1810 6 543 820 2 1157 Total 8 568 772 3 036418 9 981 332 3 227071 Hispanic and Latino Americans Edit Main article Hispanic and Latino Americans Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States They form the second largest group in the United States comprising 62 080 044 people or 18 7 of the population according to the 2020 United States Census b 67 68 Hispanic and Latino Americans are not considered a race in the United States census instead forming an ethnic category 69 70 71 72 People of Spanish or Hispanic and Latino descent have lived in what is now United States territory since the founding of San Juan Puerto Rico the oldest continuously inhabited settlement on American soil in 1521 by Juan Ponce de Leon and the founding of St Augustine Florida the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the continental United States in 1565 by Pedro Menendez de Aviles In the State of Texas Spaniards first settled the region in the late 1600s and formed a unique cultural group known as Tejanos Hispanic and Latino American population by national origin 73 74 Rank National origin of total population Pop Ref s 1 Mexican 10 29 31 798 258 75 2 Puerto Rican 1 49 4 623 716 76 3 Cuban 0 57 1 785 547 77 4 Salvadoran 0 53 1 648 968 78 5 Dominican 0 45 1 414 703 79 6 Guatemalan 0 33 1 044 209 80 7 Colombian 0 3 908 734 81 8 Spanish 0 2 635 253 82 9 Honduran 0 2 633 401 83 10 Ecuadorian 0 1 564 631 84 11 Peruvian 0 1 531 358 85 All other 2 62 7 630 835Hispanic and Latino American total 18 7 62 080 0442020 United States CensusBlack and African Americans Edit Main article African Americans Black and African Americans are citizens and residents of the United States with origins in Sub Saharan Africa 86 According to the Office of Management and Budget the grouping includes individuals who self identify as African American as well as persons who emigrated from nations in the Caribbean and Sub Saharan Africa 87 The grouping is thus based on geography and may contradict or misrepresent an individual s self identification since not all immigrants from Sub Saharan Africa are Black Among these racial outliers are persons from Cape Verde Madagascar various Arab states and Hamito Semitic populations in East Africa and the Sahel and the Afrikaners of Southern Africa 86 African Americans also referred to as Black Americans or Afro Americans and formerly as American Negroes are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa 88 According to the 2020 United States Census there were 39 940 338 Black and African Americans in the United States representing 12 1 of the population 89 c 90 Black and African Americans make up the third largest group in the United States after White and European Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans 67 The majority of the population 55 lives in the South compared to the 2000 Census there has also been a decrease of African Americans in the Northeast and Midwest 90 Most African Americans are the direct descendants of captives from West Africa and Central Africa from ancestral populations in countries like Nigeria Benin Sierra Leone Guinea Bissau Senegal and Angola 91 who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States 92 As an adjective the term is usually spelled African American 93 Montinaro et al 2014 observed that around 50 of the overall ancestry of African Americans traces back to the Niger Congo speaking Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin before the European colonization of Africa this people created the Oyo Empire reflecting the centrality of this West African region in the Atlantic Slave Trade 94 Zakharaia et al 2009 found a similar proportion of Yoruba associated ancestry in their African American samples with a minority also drawn from Mandenka populations founders of the Mali Empire and Bantu populations who had a varying level of social organization during the colonial era while some Bantu peoples were still tribal other Bantu peoples had founded kingdoms such as the Kingdom of Kongo 95 The first West African slaves were brought to Jamestown Virginia in 1619 The English settlers treated these captives as indentured servants and released them after a number of years This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race based slavery used in the Caribbean 96 All the American colonies had slavery but it was usually the form of personal servants in the North where 2 of the people were slaves and field hands in plantations in the South where 25 were slaves 97 by the beginning of the American Revolutionary War 1 5th of the total population was enslaved 98 During the revolution some would serve in the Continental Army or Continental Navy 99 100 while others would serve the British Empire in Lord Dunmore s Ethiopian Regiment and other units 101 By 1804 the northern states north of the Mason Dixon line had abolished slavery 102 However slavery would persist in the southern states until the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment 103 Following the end of the Reconstruction Era which saw the first African American representation in Congress 104 African Americans became disenfranchised and subject to Jim Crow laws 105 legislation that would persist until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act due to the Civil Rights Movement 106 According to US Census Bureau data very few African immigrants self identify as African American On average less than 5 of African residents self reported as African American or Afro American on the 2000 US Census The overwhelming majority of African immigrants 95 identified instead with their own respective ethnicities Self designation as African American or Afro American was highest among individuals from West Africa 4 9 and lowest among individuals from Cape Verde East Africa and Southern Africa 0 4 107 African immigrants may also experience conflict with African Americans 108 Black and African American population by ancestry group 49 87 Rank Ancestry group Percentageof total est population Pop estimates1 Jamaican 0 31 986 8972 Haitian 0 28 873 0033 Nigerian 0 08 259 9344 Trinidadian and Tobagonian 0 06 193 2335 Ghanaian 0 03 94 4056 Barbadian 0 01 59 236Sub Saharan African total 0 92 2 864 067West Indian total except Hispanic groups 0 85 2 633 149Black and African American total 12 1 39 940 3382020 United States CensusAsian Americans Edit Main article Asian Americans Another significant population is the Asian American population comprising 19 618 719 people in 2020 or 5 9 of the U S population d 109 110 California is home to 5 6 million Asian Americans the greatest number in any state 111 In Hawaii Asian Americans make up the highest proportion of the population 57 percent 111 Asian Americans live across the country yet are heavily urbanized with significant populations in the Greater Los Angeles Area New York metropolitan area and the San Francisco Bay Area 112 The U S census defines Asian Americans as those with origins to the countries of East Asia Southeast Asia and South Asia Although Americans with roots in Western Asia were once classified as Asian they are now excluded from the term in modern census classifications 113 The largest sub groups are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Cambodia Mainland China India Japan Korea Laos Pakistan the Philippines Taiwan Thailand and Vietnam Asians overall have higher income levels than all other racial groups in the United States including whites and the trend appears to be increasing in relation to those groups 114 Additionally Asians have a higher education attainment level than all other racial groups in the United States 115 116 For better or for worse the group has been called a model minority 117 118 119 While Asian Americans have been in what is now the United States since before the Revolutionary War 120 121 122 relatively large waves of Chinese Filipino and Japanese immigration did not begin until the mid to late 19th century 122 Immigration and significant population growth continue to this day 123 Due to a number of factors Asian Americans have been stereotyped as perpetual foreigners 124 125 Asian American ancestries 109 Rank Ancestry Percentageof total population Pop 1 Chinese 1 2 3 797 3792 Filipino 1 1 3 417 2853 Indian 1 0 3 183 0634 Vietnamese 0 5 1 737 6655 Korean 0 5 1 707 0276 Japanese 0 4 1 304 599Other Asian 0 9 2 799 448Asian American total 5 9 19 618 7192020 United States CensusNative American and Alaska Natives Edit Main article Native Americans in the United States See also Blood quantum laws and Bureau of Indian Affairs According to the 2020 Census there are 2 251 699 people who are Native Americans or Alaska Natives alone they make up 0 7 of the total population e 126 According to the Office of Management and Budget OMB an American Indian or Alaska Native is a person whose ancestry have origins in any of the original peoples of North Central or South America 126 2 3 million individuals who are American Indian or Alaskan Native are multiracial 126 additionally the plurality of American Indians reside in the Western United States 40 7 126 Collectively and historically this race has been known by several names 127 as of 1995 50 of those who fall within the OMB definition prefer the term American Indian 37 prefer Native American and the remainder have no preference or prefer a different term altogether 128 Among Americans today levels of Native American ancestry distinct from Native American identity differ The genomes of self reported African Americans averaged to 0 8 Native American ancestry those of European Americans averaged to 0 18 and those of Latinos averaged to 18 0 129 130 Native Americans whose ancestry is indigenous to the Americas originally migrated to the two continents between 10 000 and 45 000 years ago 131 These Paleoamericans spread throughout the two continents and evolved into hundreds of distinct cultures during the pre Columbian era 132 Following the first voyage of Christopher Columbus 133 the European colonization of the Americas began with St Augustine Florida becoming the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States 134 From the 16th through the 19th centuries the population of Native Americans declined in the following ways epidemic diseases brought from Europe 135 genocide and warfare at the hands of European explorers settlers and colonists 136 137 as well as between tribes 138 139 displacement from their lands 140 internal warfare 141 enslavement 142 and intermarriage 143 144 Native American and Alaska Native population by selected tribal groups 126 145 Rank National origin Percentageof total population Pop 1 Cherokee 0 26 819 1052 Navajo 0 1 332 1293 Choctaw 0 06 195 7645 Chippewa 0 05 170 7426 Sioux 0 05 170 110All other 1 08 3 357 235American Indian total 0 7 2 251 6992020 United States CensusNative Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders Edit Main article Pacific Islands Americans As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii Guam Samoa or other Pacific Islands 146 Previously called Asian Pacific American along with Asian Americans beginning in 1976 this was changed in 1997 147 As of the 2020 United States Census there are 622 018 who reside in the United States and make up 0 2 of the nation s total population f 148 14 of the population have at least a bachelor s degree 148 and 15 1 live in poverty below the poverty threshold 148 As compared to the 2000 United States Census this population grew by 40 146 and 71 live in the West of those over half 52 live in either Hawaii or California with no other states having populations greater than 100 000 The U S territories in the Pacific also have large Pacific Islander populations such as Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands Chammoro and American Samoa Samoan 146 The largest concentration of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders is Honolulu County in Hawaii 148 and Los Angeles County in the continental United States 146 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander by ancestries 146 Rank Ancestry Percentage Pop 1 Native Hawaiian 0 17 527 0772 Samoan 0 05 184 4403 Chamorro 0 04 147 7984 Tongan 0 01 57 183Other Pacific Islanders 0 09 308 697Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander total 0 2 622 0182020 United States CensusTwo or more races Edit Main article Multiracial Americans The United States has a growing multiracial identity movement 149 Multiracial Americans numbered 7 0 million in 2008 or 2 3 of the population 110 by the 2020 census the multiracial increased to 13 548 983 or 4 1 of the total population 150 They can be any combination of races White Black or African American Asian American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander some other race and ethnicities 151 The largest population of Multiracial Americans were those of White and African American descent with a total of 1 834 212 self identifying individuals 150 Barack Obama 44th President of the United States who is biracial his mother is white of English and Irish descent and his father is of Kenyan birth 152 153 only self identifies as being African American 154 155 Population by selected Two or More Races Population 156 Rank Specific Combinations Percentageof total population Pop 1 White Black 0 59 1 834 2122 White Some Other Race 0 56 1 740 9243 White Asian 0 52 1 623 2344 White Native American 0 46 1 432 3095 African American Some Other Race 0 1 314 5716 African American Native American 0 08 269 421All other specific combinations 0 58 1 794 402Multiracial American total 4 1 13 548 9832020 United States CensusSome other race Edit According to the 2020 United States Census 8 4 or 27 915 715 Americans chose to self identify with the some other race category the third most popular option Also 42 2 or 26 225 882 Hispanic Latino Americans chose to identify as some other race as these Hispanic Latinos may feel the U S Census does not describe their European and American Indian ancestry as they understand it to be 157 A significant portion of the Hispanic and Latino population self identifies as Mestizo particularly the Mexican and Central American community citation needed Mestizo is not a racial category in the U S Census but signifies someone who has both European and American Indian ancestry National personification Edit Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States The image bears a resemblance to the real Samuel Wilson and the pose used here is based on Lord Kitchener Wants You The female personification primarily popular during the 18th and 19th centuries is Columbia Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States and sometimes more specifically of the American government with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 He is depicted as a stern elderly white man with white hair and a goatee beard and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States for example typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band and red and white striped trousers Columbia is a poetic name for the Americas and the feminine personification of the United States of America made famous by African American poet Phillis Wheatley during the American Revolutionary War in 1776 It has inspired the names of many persons places objects institutions and companies in the Western Hemisphere and beyond including the District of Columbia the seat of government of the United States Language EditMain articles Languages of the United States English language American English and English only Languages spoken at home by more than 1 million persons in 2010 158 Language Percent ofpopulation Number ofspeakersEnglish 80 38 233 780 338Combined total of all languagesother than English 19 62 57 048 617Spanish excluding Puerto Rico and Spanish Creole 12 19 35 437 985Chinese including Cantonese and Mandarin 0 9 2 567 779Tagalog 0 53 1 542 118Vietnamese 0 44 1 292 448French 0 44 1 288 833Korean 0 38 1 108 408German 0 38 1 107 869English is the de facto national language Although there is no official language at the federal level some laws such as U S naturalization requirements standardize English In 2007 about 226 million or 80 of the population aged five years and older spoke only English at home Spanish spoken by 12 of the population at home is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language 159 160 Some Americans advocate making English the country s official language as it is in at least twenty eight states 161 Both English and Hawaiian are official languages in Hawaii by state law 162 While neither has an official language New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish as Louisiana does for English and French 163 Other states such as California mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents The latter include court forms 164 Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages along with English Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam respectively Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico Religion EditMain article Religion in the United States Religious affiliation in the U S 2014 165 Affiliation of U S populationChristian 70 6 70 6 Protestant 46 5 46 5 Evangelical Protestant 25 4 25 4 Mainline Protestant 14 7 14 7 Black church 6 5 6 5 Catholic 20 8 20 8 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints 1 6 1 6 Jehovah s Witnesses 0 8 0 8 Eastern Orthodox 0 5 0 5 Other Christian 0 4 0 4 Non Christian faiths 5 9 5 9 Jewish 1 9 1 9 Muslim 0 9 0 9 Buddhist 0 7 0 7 Hindu 0 7 0 7 Other Non Christian faiths 1 8 1 8 Unaffiliated 22 8 22 8 Nothing in particular 15 8 15 8 Agnostic 4 0 4 Atheist 3 1 3 1 Don t know refused answer 0 6 0 6 Total 100 100 Religion in the United States has a high adherence level compared to other developed countries as well as a diversity in beliefs The First Amendment to the country s Constitution prevents the Federal government from making any law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof The U S Supreme Court has interpreted this as preventing the government from having any authority in religion A majority of Americans report that religion plays a very important role in their lives a proportion unusual among developed countries although similar to the other nations of the Americas 166 Many faiths have flourished in the United States including both later imports spanning the country s multicultural immigrant heritage as well as those founded within the country these have led the United States to become the most religiously diverse country in the world 167 The United States has the world s largest Christian population 168 The majority of Americans 76 are Christians mostly within Protestant and Catholic denominations these adherents constitute 48 and 23 of the population respectively 169 Other religions include Buddhism Hinduism Islam and Judaism which collectively make up about 4 to 5 of the adult population 170 171 172 Another 15 of the adult population identifies as having no religious belief or no religious affiliation 170 According to the American Religious Identification Survey religious belief varies considerably across the country 59 of Americans living in Western states the Unchurched Belt report a belief in God yet in the South the Bible Belt the figure is as high as 86 170 173 Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their own religion without discrimination the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans Pennsylvania by Irish and English Quakers Maryland by English and Irish Catholics and Virginia by English Anglicans Although some individual states retained established religious confessions well into the 19th century the United States was the first nation to have no official state endorsed religion 174 Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise thus protecting any religious organization institution or denomination from government interference The decision was mainly influenced by European Rationalist and Protestant ideals but was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them 175 The First Baptist Church in America in Providence Rhode Island The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington D C is the largest Catholic church in the United States The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City Utah is the largest LDS temple Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral in Chicago s Ukrainian Village Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park Illinois Touro Synagogue in Newport Rhode Island is America s oldest surviving synagogue The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn Michigan is the largest mosque in North America Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights California is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the Western Hemisphere Hindu Temple in Malibu California The Baha i House of Worship in Wilmette Illinois The Jain Center of Greater Phoenix JCGP in Phoenix Arizona Sikh Gurdwara in Evergreen San Jose California Culture EditMain article Culture of the United States Apple pie and baseball are icons of American culture The American culture is primarily a Western culture but is influenced by Native American West African Latin American East Asian and Polynesian cultures The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect music arts social habits cuisine and folklore 20 Its chief early European influences came from English Scottish Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial America during British rule British culture due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language legal system and other cultural inheritances had a formative influence 176 Other important influences came from other parts of Europe especially Germany 177 France 178 and Italy 179 Original elements also play a strong role such as Jeffersonian democracy 180 Thomas Jefferson s Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reaction to the prevailing European consensus that America s domestic originality was degenerate 180 Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically such as national holidays uniquely American sports military tradition 181 and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole 182 American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements scientific and religious competitiveness political structures risk taking and free expression materialist and moral elements Despite certain consistent ideological principles e g individualism egalitarianism faith in freedom and democracy the American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity Diaspora EditMain article American diaspora Map of the American diaspora in the world includes people with American citizenship or children of Americans United States 1 000 000 100 000 10 000 1 000 Americans have migrated to many places around the world including Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile China Costa Rica France Germany Hong Kong India Japan Mexico New Zealand Pakistan the Philippines South Korea the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom Unlike migration from other countries U S migration is not concentrated in specific countries possibly as a result of the roots of immigration from so many different countries to the United States 183 As of 2016 update there were approximately 9 million U S citizens living outside of the United States 184 See also Edit United States portalAmerican studies Ancestry of the people of the United States Birthright citizenship in the United States Deportation of Americans from the United States Hyphenated American Making North America 2015 PBS film Names for United States citizens Stereotypes of AmericansNotes Edit Of the foreign born population from Europe 4 817 thousand in 2010 61 8 were naturalized 30 Of the foreign born population from Latin America and the Caribbean 21 224 thousand in 2010 32 1 were naturalized 30 Of the foreign born population from Africa 1 607 thousand in 2010 46 1 were naturalized 30 Of the foreign born population from Asia 11 284 thousand in 2010 57 7 were naturalized 30 Of the foreign born population from Northern America 807 thousand in 2010 44 3 were naturalized 30 Of the foreign born population from Oceania 217 thousand in 2010 36 9 were naturalized 30 References Edit Census Bureau s 2020 Population Count United States Census Retrieved April 26 2021 The 2020 census is as of April 1 2020 a b 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Survey PDF Pew Forum on Religion amp Public Life Pew Research Center Retrieved February 12 2012 8 U S C 1401 8 U S C 1408 8 U S C 1452 a b U S nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship NBC News Associated Press March 28 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 Mendoza Moises October 11 2014 How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship Public Radio International PRI Retrieved August 24 2018 Petersen William Novak Michael Gleason Philip 1982 Concepts of Ethnicity Harvard University Press p 62 ISBN 9780674157262 Retrieved February 1 2013 from Thomas Paine s plea in 1783 to Henry Clay s remark in 1815 It is hard for us to believe how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants To be or to become an American a person did not have to be of any particular national linguistic religious or ethnic background All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty equality and republicanism Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American Fernandez v Keisler 502 F 3d 337 Fourth Circuit September 26 2007 p 341 The INA defines national of the United States as A a citizen of the United States or B a person who though not a citizen of the United States owes permanent allegiance to the United States Robertson Dewar v Mukasey 599 F Supp 2d 772 U S District Court for the Western District of Texas February 25 2009 p 779 n 3 The INA defines naturalization as conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth by any means whatsoever Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition definitions uslegal com Christine Barbour Gerald C Wright January 15 2013 Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 6th Edition The Essentials CQ Press pp 31 33 ISBN 978 1 4522 4003 9 Retrieved January 6 2015 Who Is An American Native born and naturalized citizens Shklar Judith N 1991 American Citizenship The Quest for Inclusion The Tanner Lectures on Human Values Harvard University Press pp 3 4 ISBN 9780674022164 Retrieved December 17 2012 Slotkin Richard 2001 Unit Pride Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality American Literary History Oxford University Press 13 3 469 498 doi 10 1093 alh 13 3 469 S2CID 143996198 Retrieved December 17 2012 But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life the idealized self image of a multiethnic multiracial democracy hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging Eder Klaus Giesen Bernhard 2001 European Citizenship Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects Oxford University Press pp 25 26 ISBN 9780199241200 Retrieved February 1 2013 In inter state relations the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body despite ethnic and national groups in the interior Petersen William Novak Michael Gleason Philip 1982 Concepts of Ethnicity Harvard University Press p 62 ISBN 9780674157262 Retrieved February 1 2013 To be or to become an American a person did not have to be of any particular national linguistic religious or ethnic background All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty equality and republicanism Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American Charles Hirschman Philip Kasinitz Josh Dewind November 4 1999 The Handbook of International Migration The American Experience Russell Sage Foundation p 300 ISBN 978 1 61044 289 3 David Halle July 15 1987 America s Working Man Work Home and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners University of Chicago Press p 233 ISBN 978 0 226 31366 5 The first and central way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government Lifshey Adam 2015 Subversions of the American Century Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States University of Michigan Press p 119 ISBN 978 0 472 05293 6 the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as American nationals existed from 1900 to 1946 Rick Baldoz February 28 2011 The Third Asiatic Invasion Empire and Migration in Filipino America 1898 1946 NYU Press p 174 ISBN 978 0 8147 9109 7 Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos naturalization status in the United States he pointed out that U S courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were American nationals and not aliens 8 FAM 302 5 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines Foreign Affairs Manual United States Department of State May 15 2020 Retrieved June 9 2020 Fiorina Morris P and Paul E Peterson 2000 The New American Democracy London Longman p 97 ISBN 0 321 07058 5 U S Census Bureau Foreign Born Population Frequently asked Questions viewed January 19 2015 The U S Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico American Samoa Guam the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or the U S Virgin Islands a b c Adams J Q and Pearlie Strother Adams 2001 Dealing with Diversity Chicago Kendall Hunt ISBN 0 7872 8145 X a b Thompson William and Joseph Hickey 2005 Society in Focus Boston Pearson ISBN 0 205 41365 X Holloway Joseph E 2005 Africanisms in American Culture 2d ed Bloomington Indiana University Press pp 18 38 ISBN 0 253 34479 4 Johnson Fern L 1999 Speaking Culturally Language Diversity in the United States Thousand Oaks California London and New Delhi Sage p 116 ISBN 0 8039 5912 5 Jay Tolson July 28 2008 A Growing Trend of Leaving America U S News amp World Report Retrieved December 17 2012 Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million a range whose low end is based loosely on the government s trial count in 1999 6 32 million Americans excluding military live in 160 plus countries Association of Americans Resident Overseas Archived from the original on November 19 2012 Retrieved December 17 2012 The total is the highest released to date close to 6 32 million The American Diaspora Esquire Hurst Communications Inc September 26 2008 Retrieved December 17 2012 he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U S citizens living overseas is between three and six million based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999 and never updated a b A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data NPR August 13 2021 Our Diverse Population Race and Hispanic Origin 2000 PDF United States Census Bureau Retrieved April 24 2008 a b Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on 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Farrar Straus and Giroux pg 10 For the first time in recorded history they designed a government with no established religion at all Marsden George M 1990 Religion and American Culture Orlando Harcourt Brace Jovanovich pp 45 46 Carlos E Cortes September 3 2013 Multicultural America A Multimedia Encyclopedia SAGE Publications p 220 ISBN 978 1 4522 7626 7 The dominance of English and Anglo values in U S culture is evident in the country s major institutions demonstrating the melting pot model Kirschbaum Erik 1986 The eradication of German culture in the United States 1917 1918 H D Heinz p 155 ISBN 3 88099 617 2 Peter J Parish January 1997 Reader s Guide to American History Taylor amp Francis p 276 ISBN 978 1 884964 22 0 However France was second only to Britain in its influence upon the formation of American politics and culture Marilyn J Coleman Lawrence H Ganong September 16 2014 The Social History of the American Family An Encyclopedia SAGE Publications p 775 ISBN 978 1 4522 8615 0 As the communities grew and prospered Italian food entertainment and music influenced American life and culture a b Mr Jefferson and the giant moose natural history in early America Lee Alan Dugatkin University of Chicago Press 2009 ISBN 0 226 16914 6 ISBN 978 0 226 16914 9 University of Chicago Press 2009 Chapter x M D R Evans Jonathan Kelley January 2004 Religion Morality and Public Policy in International Perspective 1984 2002 Federation Press p 302 ISBN 978 1 86287 451 0 America tops in national pride survey finds NBC News Associated Press June 27 2006 Retrieved October 22 2014 Elizabeth Theiss Morse July 27 2009 Who Counts as an American The Boundaries of National Identity Cambridge University Press p 133 ISBN 978 1 139 48891 4 https www washingtonpost com business 2022 12 23 american emigrants CA by the Numbers PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 16 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Americans amp oldid 1137477608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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