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Northeastern United States

The Northeastern United States, also referred to as the Northeast, the East Coast,[a] or the American Northeast, is a geographic region of the United States. It is located on the Atlantic coast of North America, with Canada to its north, the Southern United States to its south, and the Midwestern United States to its west. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics.[1] The Census Bureau defines the region as including nine U.S. states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont, however, most vernacular definitions also include Delaware, and occasionally Maryland and the District of Columbia.

Northeastern United States
American Northeast, the Northeast
From top, left to right: New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Jersey City, and Stamford
Regional definitions vary from source to source. This map reflects the Northeastern United States as defined by the Census Bureau.[1]
Subregions
Country United States
States Connecticut
 Maine
 Massachusetts
 New Hampshire
 New Jersey
 New York
 Pennsylvania
 Rhode Island
 Vermont
Population
 • Total57,609,148
Demonym(s)Northerner, Northeasterner, Yankee

The U.S. Census Bureau–defined region of the Northeastern United States has a total area of 181,324 sq mi (469,630 km2) with 162,257 sq mi (420,240 km2) of that being land mass, making it the smallest region of the United States by both land mass and total area.[6] The Northeastern region is the nation's most economically developed, densely populated, and culturally diverse region.[7][8] Of the nation's four census regions, the Northeast has the second-largest percentage of residents living in an urban setting, with 85 percent, and is home to the nation's largest metropolitan area.[9] The Northeast is home to most of the Northeast megalopolis, the most economically significant and second most-populated of eleven megaregions within the United States, accounting for 20% of U.S. GDP as of 2016.[10]

History

 
Embarkation of the Pilgrims, an 1857 painting by Robert Walter Weir

Indigenous people

Anthropologists recognize the "Northeastern Woodlands" as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists in the 15th and later centuries. Most did not settle in North America until the 17th century. The cultural area, known as the "Northeastern Woodlands", in addition to covering the entire Northeast U.S., also covered much of what is now Canada and others regions of what is now the eastern United States.[11]

Among the many tribes that inhabited this area were those that made up the Iroquois nations and the numerous Algonquian peoples.[12] In the United States of the 21st century, 18 federally recognized tribes reside in the Northeast.[13] For the most part, the people of the Northeastern Woodlands, on whose lands European fishermen began camping to dry their codfish in the early 1600s, lived in villages, especially after being influenced by the agricultural traditions of the Ohio and Mississippi valley societies.[14]

Colonial history

All of the U.S. states making up the Northeastern region were among the original Thirteen Colonies, though Maine, Vermont, and Delaware were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the American Revolution. The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories.

New England

The first Europeans to settle New England were Pilgrims from England, who landed in present-day Massachusetts in 1620.[15] The Pilgrims arrived on the ship Mayflower and founded Plymouth Colony so they could practice religion freely.[15] Ten years later, a larger group of Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston to form Massachusetts Bay Colony.[16] In 1636, colonists established Connecticut Colony and Providence Plantations.[17][18] Providence was founded by Roger Williams, who was banished by Massachusetts for his beliefs in freedom of religion, and it was the first colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship.[18] Anne Hutchinson, who was also banished by Massachusetts, formed the town of Portsmouth.[18] Providence, Portsmouth and two other towns (Newport and Warwick) consolidated to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.[18]

Although the first settlers of New England were motivated by religion, since the 21st century, New England had become one of the least religious parts of the United States. In a 2009 Gallup survey, less than half of residents in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine and Massachusetts reported religion as an important part of their daily life.[19] In a 2010 Gallup survey, less than 30% of residents in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts reported attending church weekly, giving them the lowest church attendance among U.S. states.[20]

New England played a prominent role in early American education. Starting in the 17th century, the larger towns in New England opened grammar schools, the forerunner of the modern high school.[citation needed] The first public school in the English colonies was the Boston Latin School, founded in 1635.[21] In 1636, the colonial legislature of Massachusetts founded Harvard College, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.[22]

Mid-Atlantic

 
Penn's Treaty with the Indians, a 1772 painting by Benjamin West

The first European explorer known to have explored the Atlantic shoreline of the Northeast since the Norse was Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. His ship La Dauphine explored the coast from what is now known as Florida to New Brunswick. Henry Hudson explored the area of present-day New York in 1609 and claimed it for the Netherlands. His journey stimulated Dutch interest, and the area became known as New Netherland. In 1625, the city of New Amsterdam (the location of present-day New York City) was designated the capital of the province.[23] The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River and, for a time, the New Sweden settlement along the Delaware River divided the English settlements in the north and the south. In 1664, Charles II of England formally annexed New Netherland and incorporated it into the English colonial empire.[24] The territory became the colonies of New York and New Jersey.[24] New Jersey was originally split into East Jersey and West Jersey until the two were united as a royal colony in 1702.[24]

In 1681, William Penn, who wanted to give Quakers a land of religious freedom, founded Pennsylvania and extended freedom of religion to all citizens.[25] Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania Province and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware" from the Duke.[26] Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the Province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle, Delaware. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703 to 1738, New York and New Jersey shared a governor.[27] Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.[28]

Geography

 
New York City, the most populous city in the Northeast and all of the United States
 
Philadelphia, the second most populous city in the Northeast and sixth most populated city in the United States
 
Boston, the most populated city in Massachusetts and New England and third most populated city in the Northeast

The vast area from central Virginia to northern Maine, and from western Pennsylvania, from Pittsburgh in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast, including six of Pennsylvania's seven largest cities, Allentown, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Scranton, and Bethlehem.

Using the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of the Northeast, the region includes nine states: Maine, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania.[1][b] The region is often subdivided into New England (the six states east of New York State) and the Mid-Atlantic states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania). This definition has been essentially unchanged since 1880 and is widely used as a standard for data tabulation.[30][31][32][33] However, the U.S. Census Bureau has acknowledged the obvious limitations of this definition and the potential merits of a proposal created after the 1950 census,[34] that would include changing regional boundaries to include Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia with the Mid-Atlantic states, but ultimately decided that "the new system did not win enough overall acceptance among data users to warrant adoption as an official new set of general-purpose state groupings. The previous development of many series of statistics, arranged and issued over long periods of time on the basis of the existing State groupings, favored the retention of the summary units of the current regions and divisions."[35] The U.S. Census Bureau confirmed in 1994 that it would continue to "review the components of the regions and divisions to ensure that they continue to represent the most useful combinations of states and state equivalents."[35]

Many organizations and reference works follow the Census Bureau's definition for the region.[36][37][38] In the history of the United States, the Mason–Dixon line between Pennsylvania (the North) and Maryland (the South) traditionally divided the regions,[39] but in modern times, various entities define the Northeastern United States in somewhat different ways. The Association of American Geographers divides the Northeast into two divisions: "New England", which is the same as the Census Bureau; and it has the same "Middle States" but adds Delaware.[40] Similarly, the Geological Society of America defines the Northeast as these same states but with the addition of Maryland and the District of Columbia.[41] The narrowest definitions include only the states of New England.[42] Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States, but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[43][44]

Major cities
City City population Metro population U.S. Rank
New York 8,804,190 20,140,470 1
Philadelphia 1,603,797 6,245,051 6
Boston 675,647 4,941,632 24
Newark 311,549 See New York 66
Pittsburgh 302,971 2,370,930 68
Jersey City 292,449 See New York 75
Buffalo 278,349 1,125,637 78

States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities:

  • Various organizations include: Delaware, Maryland and District of Columbia.[8][45][46][47][48][49]
  • The US EPA and NOAA include in their Northeast Region: Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia.[50][51][52]
  • The National Fish and Wildlife Service includes in their Northeast Region: Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, and Virginia.[53]
  • The National Park Service includes in their Northeast Region: Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia (though small parts are also in the National Capital Region).[54]

Environment

 
High Point Monument as seen from Lake Marcia at High Point in Sussex County, New Jersey, the highest elevation in New Jersey at 1,803 feet (550 m) above sea level
 
Cape Cod Bay, a leading tourist destination in Massachusetts

Topography

While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region; some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain, which extends south to the southern tip of Florida. The coastal plain areas include Cape Cod in Massachusetts, Long Island in New York, most of New Jersey, Delaware and the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia) are generally low and flat, with sandy soil and marshy land.[8] The highlands, including the Piedmont and the Appalachian Mountains, are generally heavily forested, ranging from rolling hills to summits greater than 6,000 feet (1,800 m), and pocked with many lakes.[8] The highest peak in the Northeast is Mount Washington, New Hampshire at 6,288 feet (1,917 m).[55]

Land use

As of 2012, forest-use covered approximately 60% of the Northeastern states (including Delaware, Maryland and the District of Columbia), about twice the national average. About 11% was cropland and another 4% grassland pasture or range. There is also more urbanized land in the Northeast (12%) than any other region in the U.S.[49]

Climate

The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland. The climate of the region is created by the position of the general west to east flow of weather in the middle latitudes that much of the USA is controlled by and the position and movement of the subtropical highs. Summers are normally warm in northern areas to hot in southern areas. In summer, the building Bermuda High pumps warm and sultry air toward the Northeast, and frequent (but brief) thundershowers are common on hot summer days. In winter the subtropical high retreats southeastward, and the polar jet stream moves south bringing colder air masses from up in Canada and more frequent storm systems to the region. Winter often brings both rain and snow as well as surges of both warm and cold air.[56]

The basic climate of the Northeast can be divided into a colder and snowier interior (western Maryland, most of Pennsylvania, most of northern New Jersey, Upstate New York, and most of New England), and a milder coast and coastal plain from Cape Cod and southern Rhode Island southward, including Long Island, Southern Connecticut, New York City, central and southern New Jersey, Delaware, and most of Maryland. In the latter region the hardiness zones are 7a and 7b. Annual mean temperatures range from the low-to-mid 50s F from Maryland to southern Connecticut, to the 40s F in most of New York State, New England, and northern Pennsylvania.[56][57][58]

Most of the Northeast has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb/Dc). The northernmost portion of the humid subtropical zone (Cfa/Do) begins at Martha's Vineyard and extreme SW Rhode Island and extends southwestward down the coastal plain to central and southern Maryland. The oceanic climate zone (Cfb/Do) only exists on Block Island and Nantucket and is the only area of the Northeast where all months average between 0 and 22 °C (32 and 71.6 °F).

Wildlife

The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges, encompassing more than 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km2) of habitat and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region.[13]

Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, the population of the region totaled 57,609,148.[59] With an average of 345.5 people per square mile, the Northeast is 2.5 times as densely populated as the second-most dense region, the South. Since the last century, the U.S. population has been shifting away from the Northeast and Midwest toward the South and West.[60]

The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast (New England and Mid-Atlantic) rank #2 and #1 among the 9 divisions in population density according to the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region (233.1) was very close behind New England (233.2). Due to the faster growth of the South Atlantic region, it will take over the #2 division rank in population density in the next estimate, dropping New England to 3rd position. New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many, many years, as the only other lower-ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the East North Central division (192.1) and this region's population is projected to grow slowly. [c][61]

State 2020 census 2010 census Change Area Density
Connecticut 3,605,944 3,574,097 +0.89% 4,842.35 sq mi (12,541.6 km2) 741/sq mi (286/km2)
Maine 1,362,359 1,328,361 +2.56% 30,842.90 sq mi (79,882.7 km2) 43/sq mi (17/km2)
Massachusetts 7,029,917 6,547,629 +7.37% 7,800.05 sq mi (20,202.0 km2) 879/sq mi (340/km2)
New Hampshire 1,377,529 1,316,470 +4.64% 8,952.64 sq mi (23,187.2 km2) 150/sq mi (58/km2)
Rhode Island 1,097,379 1,052,567 +4.26% 1,033.81 sq mi (2,677.6 km2) 1,025/sq mi (396/km2)
Vermont 643,077 625,741 +2.77% 9,216.65 sq mi (23,871.0 km2) 68/sq mi (26/km2)
New England 15,116,205 14,444,865 +4.65% 62,688.4 sq mi (162,362 km2) 236/sq mi (91/km2)
New Jersey 9,288,994 8,791,894 +5.65% 7,354.21 sq mi (19,047.3 km2) 1,225/sq mi (473/km2)
New York 20,201,249 19,378,102 +4.25% 47,126.36 sq mi (122,056.7 km2) 421/sq mi (163/km2)
Pennsylvania 13,002,700 12,702,379 +2.36% 44,742.67 sq mi (115,883.0 km2) 286/sq mi (111/km2)
Middle Atlantic 42,492,943 40,872,375 +3.96% 99,223.24 sq mi (256,987.0 km2) 420/sq mi (162/km2)
Total 57,609,148 55,317,240 +4.14% 161,911.64 sq mi (419,349.2 km2) 354/sq mi (137/km2)

Economy

As of 2012, the Northeast U.S. accounts for approximately 23% of the nation's gross domestic product.[62]

New York City, considered the world's financial center, is the most populous city in both the U.S. and Northeast U.S. As of 2018, the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly $1.8 trillion, ranking it first in the U.S. If the New York metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it would have the eighth-largest economy in the world.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversees 34 nuclear reactors, eight for research or testing and 26 for power production in the Northeastern United States.[48]

Transportation

Rail systems

No. Name State City No. of lines Rail type
1 New York City Subway New York City New York 36 Metro System
2 SEPTA Trolley Pennsylvania Philadelphia 8 Light Rail
3 SEPTA Regional Rail Pennsylvania Philadelphia 13 Commuter Rail
4 NJ Transit Tram New Jersey Trenton/Camden/Newark/Jersey City 3 Light Rail
5 SEPTA Metro Pennsylvania Philadelphia 3 Metro System
6 NJ Transit Commuter Rail New Jersey Northern NJ/Atlantic City 11 Commuter Rail
7 Port Authority Trans-Hudson NJ/NY Newark/Jersey City/Manhattan 4 Metro System
8 Long Island Rail Road New York NYC-Long Island 13 Commuter Rail
9 Metro North Railroad CT/NY/NJ NYC, Stamford, Norwalk, Danbury, Waterbury, Bridgeport, New Haven 3-4 Commuter Rail
10 Hartford Line Connecticut/MA New Haven, Hartford, Springfield 1 Commuter Rail
11 Shore Line East Connecticut New Haven, New London 1 Commuter Rail
12 MBTA Boston City Massachusetts Boston 12 Metro/Light Rail
13 MBTA Massachusetts

Commuter Rail

Massachusetts/RI Boston, Providence, Worcester 14 Commuter Rail

Bus routes

No. Name State City No. of lines
1 NJ Transit New Jersey All NJ 873
2 SEPTA Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware Philadelphia, Wilmington, Delaware, Trenton, New Jersey, and their subs 121

Airports

The following table includes all airports categorized by the FAA as large hubs[63] located in the Northeastern states[64] (New England and Eastern regions[65]):

Rank [d] Metro area served Airport
code
Airport name Largest airline[66]
12 New York EWR Newark Liberty International Airport United (53%)
13 New York LGA LaGuardia Airport Delta (23%)
14 Boston BOS Logan International Airport JetBlue (29%)
17 Washington, D.C. DCA Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport American (28%)
19 New York JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport JetBlue (38%)
21 Philadelphia PHL Philadelphia International Airport American (41%)
25 Washington, D.C. IAD Dulles International Airport United (55%)
26 Baltimore BWI Baltimore/Washington International Airport Southwest (71%)

Culture

One geographer, Wilbur Zelinsky, asserts that the Northeast region lacks a unified cultural identity,[7] but has served as a "culture hearth" for the rest of the nation.[67] Several much smaller geographical regions within the Northeast have distinct cultural identities.[7]

Landmarks

Almost half of the National Historic Landmarks maintained by the National Park Service are located in the Northeastern United States.[68]

Religion

According to a 2009 Gallup poll, the Northeastern states differ from most of the rest of the U.S. in religious affiliation, generally reflecting the descendants of immigration patterns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with many Catholics arriving from Ireland, Italy, French Canada - Quebec, Portugal and east-central Europe. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey are the only states in the nation where Catholics outnumber Protestants and other Christian denominations. More than 20% of respondents in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont declared no religious identity.[69] Compared to other U.S. regions, the Northeast, along with the Pacific Northwest, has had the lowest regular religious service attendance and the fewest people for whom religion is an important part of their daily lives as of 2015.[70]

Sports

The Northeast region is home to numerous professional sports franchises in the "Big Four" leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB),[71] with more than 100 championships collectively among them.[72]

Major League Soccer features four Northeastern teams: New England Revolution, New York City FC, New York Red Bulls and Philadelphia Union. The region also has two WNBA teams: Connecticut Sun and New York Liberty.

Notable golf tournaments in the Northeastern United States include The Northern Trust, Travelers Championship, and Atlantic City LPGA Classic. The US Open, held in New York, is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments.

Notable Northeastern motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International, Pocono Raceway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Lime Rock Park, which have hosted Formula One, IndyCar, NASCAR and International Motor Sports Association races. Also, drag strips such as Englishtown, Epping and Reading have hosted NHRA national events. Belmont Park at New York hosts the Belmont Stakes horse races, which is part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.

The region has also been noted for the prevalence of the traditionally Northeastern sports of ice hockey and lacrosse.[73]

Health

The rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations in the Northeastern United States fell from 2005 to 2011 for overall conditions, acute conditions, and chronic conditions.[74]

Politics

The Northeastern United States tended to vote Republican in federal elections through the first half of the 20th century, but the region has since the 1990s shifted to become the most Democratic in the nation.[47] Results from a 2008 Gallup poll indicated that eight of the top ten Democratic states were located in the region, with every Northeastern state having a Democratic Party affiliation advantage of at least ten points.[75] The following table demonstrates Democratic support in the Northeast as compared to the remainder of the nation.[76]

Year % President vote % Senate seats % House seats
Northeast Remainder Northeast Remainder Northeast Remainder
2000 57.6 47.5 60.0 46.3 59.6 45.7
2002     60.0 45.0 58.3 44.7
2004 57.1 47.3 60.0 40.0 59.5 43.0
2006     75.0 45.0 73.8 48.3
2008 60.7 52.0 80.0 52.5 81.0 52.9
2010     75.0 47.5 67.9 38.5

The following table of United States presidential election results since 1920 illustrates that over the past seven presidential elections, only three Northeastern states supported a Republican candidate (New Hampshire voted for George W. Bush in 2000; Pennsylvania and Maine's 2nd congressional district voted for Donald Trump in 2016).[77] 2004 is so far the only election in U.S. history in which the winner did not win any northeastern state. Bolded entries indicate that party's candidate also won the general election.

State 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
CT R R R R D D D R R R D D D R R R R R D D D D D D D D
ME R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R D D D D D D D
(R ME-02)
D
(R ME-02)
MA R R D D D D D D R R D D D D D R R D D D D D D D D D
NH R R R R D D D R R R R D R R R R R R D D R D D D D D
NJ R R R D D D D R R R D D R R R R R R D D D D D D D D
NY R R R D D D D R R R D D D R D R R D D D D D D D D D
PA R R R R D D D R R R D D D R D R R R D D D D D D R D
RI R R D D D D D D R R D D D R D D R D D D D D D D D D
VT R R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R D D D D D D D D

The following table shows the breakdown of party affiliation of governors, attorneys general, state legislative houses and U.S. congressional delegation for the Northeastern states, as of May 2020. (Demographics reflect registration-by-party figures from that state's registered voter statistics.)

State Governor Attorney general Upper House majority Lower House majority Senior U.S. senator Junior U.S. senator U.S. House delegation Demographics
CT Democratic Democratic Democratic
23-13
Democratic
92-59
Democratic Democratic Democratic
5-0
Democratic
36-21
ME Democratic Democratic Democratic
21-14
Democratic
89-57-5
Republican Independent Democratic
2-0
Democratic
32-27
MA Democratic Democratic Democratic
34-6
Democratic
127-32
Democratic Democratic Democratic
9-0
Democratic
35-11
NH Republican Republican Republican
14-10
Republican
213-187
Democratic Democratic Democratic
2-0
Republican
30-27
NJ Democratic Democratic Democratic
24-16
Democratic
52-28
Democratic Democratic Democratic
10-2
Democratic
32-21
NY Democratic Democratic Democratic
40-23
Democratic
106-43-1
Democratic Democratic Democratic
23-6
Democratic
49-24
PA Democratic Democratic Republican
28-22
Democratic
102-101
Democratic Democratic Democratic
9-8
Democratic
46-39
RI Democratic Democratic Democratic
33-5
Democratic
66-9
Democratic Democratic Democratic
2-0
Democratic
42-11
VT Republican Democratic Democratic
22-6-2
Democratic
95-43-7-5
Democratic Independent Democratic
1-0
Democratic
47-31

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The term "East Coast" almost exclusively refers to the Northeastern megalopolis. As stated in numerous dictionaries and encyclopedias, including both the Oxford English Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary, the 'East Coast' primarily refers to the region between Washington D.C. and Boston.[3][4][5] Historically, the term has always connoted the Northeast.
  2. ^ The U.S. Census Bureau reorganized its administrative units, and its regional offices do not cover the Census regions (the northeasternmost regional office headquartered in New York covers New England, New York, New Jersey, and Puerto Rico).[29]
  3. ^ Based on U.S. Census Bureau population projections to 2030 (and assuming constant land area) the population density for the South Atlantic division will increase significantly to 294.6/mi2, New England's density will increase to 249.2/mi2 and the East North Central division will increase only slightly to 200.2/mi2. The division with the 5th highest density is projected to be the East South Central division at 111.6/mi2.[61]
  4. ^ (Nationally, in scheduled departures, as of July 2022, according to the United States Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics)

References

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  3. ^ . Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ "East Coast". Thefreedictionary.com.
  5. ^ https://vocabulary.com/dictionary/East%20Coast. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "American FactFinder, GCT-PH1-Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Zelinsky, Wilbur (June 1980). "North America's Vernacular Regions". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 70 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1980.tb01293.x.
  8. ^ a b c d Hobbs, Joseph John (2009). World Regional Geography. Cengage Learning. p. 647. ISBN 9780495389507. from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
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  18. ^ a b c d Kelly, Martin. "Rhode Island Colony". About.com. from the original on September 17, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
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  20. ^ "Mississippians Go to Church the Most; Vermonters, Least". Gallup.com. February 17, 2010. from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
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External links

Coordinates: 42°N 73°W / 42°N 73°W / 42; -73

northeastern, united, states, this, article, about, geographical, region, other, uses, term, disambiguation, also, referred, northeast, east, coast, american, northeast, geographic, region, united, states, located, atlantic, coast, north, america, with, canada. This article is about the geographical region For other uses of the term see Northeastern United States disambiguation The Northeastern United States also referred to as the Northeast the East Coast a or the American Northeast is a geographic region of the United States It is located on the Atlantic coast of North America with Canada to its north the Southern United States to its south and the Midwestern United States to its west The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the U S Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics 1 The Census Bureau defines the region as including nine U S states Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island and Vermont however most vernacular definitions also include Delaware and occasionally Maryland and the District of Columbia Northeastern United StatesRegionAmerican Northeast the NortheastFrom top left to right New York City Philadelphia Boston Jersey City and StamfordRegional definitions vary from source to source This map reflects the Northeastern United States as defined by the Census Bureau 1 SubregionsNew EnglandNorthern Mid AtlanticCountry United StatesStates Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island VermontPopulation 2020 2 Total57 609 148Demonym s Northerner Northeasterner YankeeThe U S Census Bureau defined region of the Northeastern United States has a total area of 181 324 sq mi 469 630 km2 with 162 257 sq mi 420 240 km2 of that being land mass making it the smallest region of the United States by both land mass and total area 6 The Northeastern region is the nation s most economically developed densely populated and culturally diverse region 7 8 Of the nation s four census regions the Northeast has the second largest percentage of residents living in an urban setting with 85 percent and is home to the nation s largest metropolitan area 9 The Northeast is home to most of the Northeast megalopolis the most economically significant and second most populated of eleven megaregions within the United States accounting for 20 of U S GDP as of 2016 10 Contents 1 History 1 1 Indigenous people 1 2 Colonial history 1 2 1 New England 1 2 2 Mid Atlantic 2 Geography 3 Environment 3 1 Topography 3 2 Land use 3 3 Climate 3 4 Wildlife 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Transportation 6 1 Rail systems 6 2 Bus routes 6 3 Airports 7 Culture 7 1 Landmarks 7 2 Religion 7 3 Sports 8 Health 9 Politics 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksHistory Edit Embarkation of the Pilgrims an 1857 painting by Robert Walter Weir Indigenous people Edit Main article Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands Anthropologists recognize the Northeastern Woodlands as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists in the 15th and later centuries Most did not settle in North America until the 17th century The cultural area known as the Northeastern Woodlands in addition to covering the entire Northeast U S also covered much of what is now Canada and others regions of what is now the eastern United States 11 Among the many tribes that inhabited this area were those that made up the Iroquois nations and the numerous Algonquian peoples 12 In the United States of the 21st century 18 federally recognized tribes reside in the Northeast 13 For the most part the people of the Northeastern Woodlands on whose lands European fishermen began camping to dry their codfish in the early 1600s lived in villages especially after being influenced by the agricultural traditions of the Ohio and Mississippi valley societies 14 Colonial history Edit All of the U S states making up the Northeastern region were among the original Thirteen Colonies though Maine Vermont and Delaware were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the American Revolution The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories New England Edit Main article History of New England The first Europeans to settle New England were Pilgrims from England who landed in present day Massachusetts in 1620 15 The Pilgrims arrived on the ship Mayflower and founded Plymouth Colony so they could practice religion freely 15 Ten years later a larger group of Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston to form Massachusetts Bay Colony 16 In 1636 colonists established Connecticut Colony and Providence Plantations 17 18 Providence was founded by Roger Williams who was banished by Massachusetts for his beliefs in freedom of religion and it was the first colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship 18 Anne Hutchinson who was also banished by Massachusetts formed the town of Portsmouth 18 Providence Portsmouth and two other towns Newport and Warwick consolidated to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 18 Although the first settlers of New England were motivated by religion since the 21st century New England had become one of the least religious parts of the United States In a 2009 Gallup survey less than half of residents in Vermont New Hampshire Maine and Massachusetts reported religion as an important part of their daily life 19 In a 2010 Gallup survey less than 30 of residents in Vermont New Hampshire Maine and Massachusetts reported attending church weekly giving them the lowest church attendance among U S states 20 New England played a prominent role in early American education Starting in the 17th century the larger towns in New England opened grammar schools the forerunner of the modern high school citation needed The first public school in the English colonies was the Boston Latin School founded in 1635 21 In 1636 the colonial legislature of Massachusetts founded Harvard College the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States 22 Mid Atlantic Edit Main article Mid Atlantic United States Penn s Treaty with the Indians a 1772 painting by Benjamin West The first European explorer known to have explored the Atlantic shoreline of the Northeast since the Norse was Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 His ship La Dauphine explored the coast from what is now known as Florida to New Brunswick Henry Hudson explored the area of present day New York in 1609 and claimed it for the Netherlands His journey stimulated Dutch interest and the area became known as New Netherland In 1625 the city of New Amsterdam the location of present day New York City was designated the capital of the province 23 The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River and for a time the New Sweden settlement along the Delaware River divided the English settlements in the north and the south In 1664 Charles II of England formally annexed New Netherland and incorporated it into the English colonial empire 24 The territory became the colonies of New York and New Jersey 24 New Jersey was originally split into East Jersey and West Jersey until the two were united as a royal colony in 1702 24 In 1681 William Penn who wanted to give Quakers a land of religious freedom founded Pennsylvania and extended freedom of religion to all citizens 25 Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania Province and leased what then came to be known as the Lower Counties on the Delaware from the Duke 26 Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682 However by 1704 the Province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own one at Philadelphia and the other at New Castle Delaware Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique From 1703 to 1738 New York and New Jersey shared a governor 27 Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time 28 This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 Geography Edit New York City the most populous city in the Northeast and all of the United States Philadelphia the second most populous city in the Northeast and sixth most populated city in the United States Boston the most populated city in Massachusetts and New England and third most populated city in the Northeast The vast area from central Virginia to northern Maine and from western Pennsylvania from Pittsburgh in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast including six of Pennsylvania s seven largest cities Allentown Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton and Bethlehem Using the U S Census Bureau s definition of the Northeast the region includes nine states Maine New York New Jersey Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire and Pennsylvania 1 b The region is often subdivided into New England the six states east of New York State and the Mid Atlantic states New York New Jersey and Pennsylvania This definition has been essentially unchanged since 1880 and is widely used as a standard for data tabulation 30 31 32 33 However the U S Census Bureau has acknowledged the obvious limitations of this definition and the potential merits of a proposal created after the 1950 census 34 that would include changing regional boundaries to include Delaware Maryland and the District of Columbia with the Mid Atlantic states but ultimately decided that the new system did not win enough overall acceptance among data users to warrant adoption as an official new set of general purpose state groupings The previous development of many series of statistics arranged and issued over long periods of time on the basis of the existing State groupings favored the retention of the summary units of the current regions and divisions 35 The U S Census Bureau confirmed in 1994 that it would continue to review the components of the regions and divisions to ensure that they continue to represent the most useful combinations of states and state equivalents 35 Many organizations and reference works follow the Census Bureau s definition for the region 36 37 38 In the history of the United States the Mason Dixon line between Pennsylvania the North and Maryland the South traditionally divided the regions 39 but in modern times various entities define the Northeastern United States in somewhat different ways The Association of American Geographers divides the Northeast into two divisions New England which is the same as the Census Bureau and it has the same Middle States but adds Delaware 40 Similarly the Geological Society of America defines the Northeast as these same states but with the addition of Maryland and the District of Columbia 41 The narrowest definitions include only the states of New England 42 Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey 43 44 Major cities City City population Metro population U S RankNew York 8 804 190 20 140 470 1Philadelphia 1 603 797 6 245 051 6Boston 675 647 4 941 632 24Newark 311 549 See New York 66Pittsburgh 302 971 2 370 930 68Jersey City 292 449 See New York 75Buffalo 278 349 1 125 637 78States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities Various organizations include Delaware Maryland and District of Columbia 8 45 46 47 48 49 The US EPA and NOAA include in their Northeast Region Delaware Maryland and West Virginia 50 51 52 The National Fish and Wildlife Service includes in their Northeast Region Delaware Maryland District of Columbia West Virginia and Virginia 53 The National Park Service includes in their Northeast Region Delaware Maryland West Virginia and Virginia though small parts are also in the National Capital Region 54 Environment Edit High Point Monument as seen from Lake Marcia at High Point in Sussex County New Jersey the highest elevation in New Jersey at 1 803 feet 550 m above sea level Cape Cod Bay a leading tourist destination in Massachusetts The Palisades along the Hudson River in New Jersey U S Route 220 as it passes through Lamar Township in Clinton County Pennsylvania Topography Edit While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain which extends south to the southern tip of Florida The coastal plain areas include Cape Cod in Massachusetts Long Island in New York most of New Jersey Delaware and the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia are generally low and flat with sandy soil and marshy land 8 The highlands including the Piedmont and the Appalachian Mountains are generally heavily forested ranging from rolling hills to summits greater than 6 000 feet 1 800 m and pocked with many lakes 8 The highest peak in the Northeast is Mount Washington New Hampshire at 6 288 feet 1 917 m 55 Land use Edit As of 2012 update forest use covered approximately 60 of the Northeastern states including Delaware Maryland and the District of Columbia about twice the national average About 11 was cropland and another 4 grassland pasture or range There is also more urbanized land in the Northeast 12 than any other region in the U S 49 Climate Edit The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland The climate of the region is created by the position of the general west to east flow of weather in the middle latitudes that much of the USA is controlled by and the position and movement of the subtropical highs Summers are normally warm in northern areas to hot in southern areas In summer the building Bermuda High pumps warm and sultry air toward the Northeast and frequent but brief thundershowers are common on hot summer days In winter the subtropical high retreats southeastward and the polar jet stream moves south bringing colder air masses from up in Canada and more frequent storm systems to the region Winter often brings both rain and snow as well as surges of both warm and cold air 56 The basic climate of the Northeast can be divided into a colder and snowier interior western Maryland most of Pennsylvania most of northern New Jersey Upstate New York and most of New England and a milder coast and coastal plain from Cape Cod and southern Rhode Island southward including Long Island Southern Connecticut New York City central and southern New Jersey Delaware and most of Maryland In the latter region the hardiness zones are 7a and 7b Annual mean temperatures range from the low to mid 50s F from Maryland to southern Connecticut to the 40s F in most of New York State New England and northern Pennsylvania 56 57 58 Most of the Northeast has a humid continental climate Dfa Dfb Dc The northernmost portion of the humid subtropical zone Cfa Do begins at Martha s Vineyard and extreme SW Rhode Island and extends southwestward down the coastal plain to central and southern Maryland The oceanic climate zone Cfb Do only exists on Block Island and Nantucket and is the only area of the Northeast where all months average between 0 and 22 C 32 and 71 6 F Wildlife Edit The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges encompassing more than 500 000 acres 780 sq mi 2 000 km2 of habitat and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region 13 Demographics EditAs of the 2020 United States census the population of the region totaled 57 609 148 59 With an average of 345 5 people per square mile the Northeast is 2 5 times as densely populated as the second most dense region the South Since the last century the U S population has been shifting away from the Northeast and Midwest toward the South and West 60 The two U S Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast New England and Mid Atlantic rank 2 and 1 among the 9 divisions in population density according to the 2013 population estimate The South Atlantic region 233 1 was very close behind New England 233 2 Due to the faster growth of the South Atlantic region it will take over the 2 division rank in population density in the next estimate dropping New England to 3rd position New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many many years as the only other lower ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the East North Central division 192 1 and this region s population is projected to grow slowly c 61 State 2020 census 2010 census Change Area DensityConnecticut 3 605 944 3 574 097 0 89 4 842 35 sq mi 12 541 6 km2 741 sq mi 286 km2 Maine 1 362 359 1 328 361 2 56 30 842 90 sq mi 79 882 7 km2 43 sq mi 17 km2 Massachusetts 7 029 917 6 547 629 7 37 7 800 05 sq mi 20 202 0 km2 879 sq mi 340 km2 New Hampshire 1 377 529 1 316 470 4 64 8 952 64 sq mi 23 187 2 km2 150 sq mi 58 km2 Rhode Island 1 097 379 1 052 567 4 26 1 033 81 sq mi 2 677 6 km2 1 025 sq mi 396 km2 Vermont 643 077 625 741 2 77 9 216 65 sq mi 23 871 0 km2 68 sq mi 26 km2 New England 15 116 205 14 444 865 4 65 62 688 4 sq mi 162 362 km2 236 sq mi 91 km2 New Jersey 9 288 994 8 791 894 5 65 7 354 21 sq mi 19 047 3 km2 1 225 sq mi 473 km2 New York 20 201 249 19 378 102 4 25 47 126 36 sq mi 122 056 7 km2 421 sq mi 163 km2 Pennsylvania 13 002 700 12 702 379 2 36 44 742 67 sq mi 115 883 0 km2 286 sq mi 111 km2 Middle Atlantic 42 492 943 40 872 375 3 96 99 223 24 sq mi 256 987 0 km2 420 sq mi 162 km2 Total 57 609 148 55 317 240 4 14 161 911 64 sq mi 419 349 2 km2 354 sq mi 137 km2 Economy EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2013 As of 2012 update the Northeast U S accounts for approximately 23 of the nation s gross domestic product 62 New York City considered the world s financial center is the most populous city in both the U S and Northeast U S As of 2018 update the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product GMP of nearly 1 8 trillion ranking it first in the U S If the New York metropolitan area were a sovereign state it would have the eighth largest economy in the world The Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversees 34 nuclear reactors eight for research or testing and 26 for power production in the Northeastern United States 48 Transportation EditThis section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions December 2021 Rail systems Edit No Name State City No of lines Rail type1 New York City Subway New York City New York 36 Metro System2 SEPTA Trolley Pennsylvania Philadelphia 8 Light Rail3 SEPTA Regional Rail Pennsylvania Philadelphia 13 Commuter Rail4 NJ Transit Tram New Jersey Trenton Camden Newark Jersey City 3 Light Rail5 SEPTA Metro Pennsylvania Philadelphia 3 Metro System6 NJ Transit Commuter Rail New Jersey Northern NJ Atlantic City 11 Commuter Rail7 Port Authority Trans Hudson NJ NY Newark Jersey City Manhattan 4 Metro System8 Long Island Rail Road New York NYC Long Island 13 Commuter Rail9 Metro North Railroad CT NY NJ NYC Stamford Norwalk Danbury Waterbury Bridgeport New Haven 3 4 Commuter Rail10 Hartford Line Connecticut MA New Haven Hartford Springfield 1 Commuter Rail11 Shore Line East Connecticut New Haven New London 1 Commuter Rail12 MBTA Boston City Massachusetts Boston 12 Metro Light Rail13 MBTA Massachusetts Commuter Rail Massachusetts RI Boston Providence Worcester 14 Commuter RailBus routes Edit No Name State City No of lines1 NJ Transit New Jersey All NJ 8732 SEPTA Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Philadelphia Wilmington Delaware Trenton New Jersey and their subs 121Airports Edit The following table includes all airports categorized by the FAA as large hubs 63 located in the Northeastern states 64 New England and Eastern regions 65 Rank d Metro area served Airportcode Airport name Largest airline 66 12 New York EWR Newark Liberty International Airport United 53 13 New York LGA LaGuardia Airport Delta 23 14 Boston BOS Logan International Airport JetBlue 29 17 Washington D C DCA Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport American 28 19 New York JFK John F Kennedy International Airport JetBlue 38 21 Philadelphia PHL Philadelphia International Airport American 41 25 Washington D C IAD Dulles International Airport United 55 26 Baltimore BWI Baltimore Washington International Airport Southwest 71 Culture EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 One geographer Wilbur Zelinsky asserts that the Northeast region lacks a unified cultural identity 7 but has served as a culture hearth for the rest of the nation 67 Several much smaller geographical regions within the Northeast have distinct cultural identities 7 Landmarks Edit Almost half of the National Historic Landmarks maintained by the National Park Service are located in the Northeastern United States 68 Religion Edit According to a 2009 Gallup poll the Northeastern states differ from most of the rest of the U S in religious affiliation generally reflecting the descendants of immigration patterns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries with many Catholics arriving from Ireland Italy French Canada Quebec Portugal and east central Europe Massachusetts Rhode Island New York and New Jersey are the only states in the nation where Catholics outnumber Protestants and other Christian denominations More than 20 of respondents in Maine New Hampshire and Vermont declared no religious identity 69 Compared to other U S regions the Northeast along with the Pacific Northwest has had the lowest regular religious service attendance and the fewest people for whom religion is an important part of their daily lives as of 2015 70 Sports Edit The Northeast region is home to numerous professional sports franchises in the Big Four leagues NFL NBA NHL and MLB 71 with more than 100 championships collectively among them 72 New York metropolitan area Giants Jets NFL Yankees Mets MLB Knicks Nets NBA Rangers Islanders Devils NHL Philadelphia Eagles NFL Phillies MLB 76ers NBA Flyers NHL Boston Patriots NFL Red Sox MLB Celtics NBA Bruins NHL Pittsburgh Steelers NFL Pirates MLB Penguins NHL Buffalo Bills NFL Sabres NHL Major League Soccer features four Northeastern teams New England Revolution New York City FC New York Red Bulls and Philadelphia Union The region also has two WNBA teams Connecticut Sun and New York Liberty Notable golf tournaments in the Northeastern United States include The Northern Trust Travelers Championship and Atlantic City LPGA Classic The US Open held in New York is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments Notable Northeastern motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International Pocono Raceway New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Lime Rock Park which have hosted Formula One IndyCar NASCAR and International Motor Sports Association races Also drag strips such as Englishtown Epping and Reading have hosted NHRA national events Belmont Park at New York hosts the Belmont Stakes horse races which is part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing The region has also been noted for the prevalence of the traditionally Northeastern sports of ice hockey and lacrosse 73 Health EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 The rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations in the Northeastern United States fell from 2005 to 2011 for overall conditions acute conditions and chronic conditions 74 Politics EditMain article Political party strength in U S states The Northeastern United States tended to vote Republican in federal elections through the first half of the 20th century but the region has since the 1990s shifted to become the most Democratic in the nation 47 Results from a 2008 Gallup poll indicated that eight of the top ten Democratic states were located in the region with every Northeastern state having a Democratic Party affiliation advantage of at least ten points 75 The following table demonstrates Democratic support in the Northeast as compared to the remainder of the nation 76 Year President vote Senate seats House seatsNortheast Remainder Northeast Remainder Northeast Remainder2000 57 6 47 5 60 0 46 3 59 6 45 72002 60 0 45 0 58 3 44 72004 57 1 47 3 60 0 40 0 59 5 43 02006 75 0 45 0 73 8 48 32008 60 7 52 0 80 0 52 5 81 0 52 92010 75 0 47 5 67 9 38 5The following table of United States presidential election results since 1920 illustrates that over the past seven presidential elections only three Northeastern states supported a Republican candidate New Hampshire voted for George W Bush in 2000 Pennsylvania and Maine s 2nd congressional district voted for Donald Trump in 2016 77 2004 is so far the only election in U S history in which the winner did not win any northeastern state Bolded entries indicate that party s candidate also won the general election State 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020CT R R R R D D D R R R D D D R R R R R D D D D D D D DME R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R D D D D D D D R ME 02 D R ME 02 MA R R D D D D D D R R D D D D D R R D D D D D D D D DNH R R R R D D D R R R R D R R R R R R D D R D D D D DNJ R R R D D D D R R R D D R R R R R R D D D D D D D DNY R R R D D D D R R R D D D R D R R D D D D D D D D DPA R R R R D D D R R R D D D R D R R R D D D D D D R DRI R R D D D D D D R R D D D R D D R D D D D D D D D DVT R R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R D D D D D D D DThe following table shows the breakdown of party affiliation of governors attorneys general state legislative houses and U S congressional delegation for the Northeastern states as of May 2020 update Demographics reflect registration by party figures from that state s registered voter statistics State Governor Attorney general Upper House majority Lower House majority Senior U S senator Junior U S senator U S House delegation DemographicsCT Democratic Democratic Democratic23 13 Democratic92 59 Democratic Democratic Democratic5 0 Democratic36 21ME Democratic Democratic Democratic21 14 Democratic89 57 5 Republican Independent Democratic2 0 Democratic32 27MA Democratic Democratic Democratic34 6 Democratic127 32 Democratic Democratic Democratic9 0 Democratic35 11NH Republican Republican Republican14 10 Republican213 187 Democratic Democratic Democratic2 0 Republican30 27NJ Democratic Democratic Democratic24 16 Democratic52 28 Democratic Democratic Democratic10 2 Democratic32 21NY Democratic Democratic Democratic40 23 Democratic106 43 1 Democratic Democratic Democratic23 6 Democratic49 24PA Democratic Democratic Republican28 22 Democratic102 101 Democratic Democratic Democratic9 8 Democratic46 39RI Democratic Democratic Democratic33 5 Democratic66 9 Democratic Democratic Democratic2 0 Democratic42 11VT Republican Democratic Democratic22 6 2 Democratic95 43 7 5 Democratic Independent Democratic1 0 Democratic47 31See also EditAtlantic Northeast Jersey Shore New England Acadian forests Northeast Corridor Northeast megalopolis Northeastern coastal forests Rust BeltNotes Edit The term East Coast almost exclusively refers to the Northeastern megalopolis As stated in numerous dictionaries and encyclopedias including both the Oxford English Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary the East Coast primarily refers to the region between Washington D C and Boston 3 4 5 Historically the term has always connoted the Northeast The U S Census Bureau reorganized its administrative units and its regional offices do not cover the Census regions the northeasternmost regional office headquartered in New York covers New England New York New Jersey and Puerto Rico 29 Based on U S Census Bureau population projections to 2030 and assuming constant land area the population density for the South Atlantic division will increase significantly to 294 6 mi2 New England s density will increase to 249 2 mi2 and the East North Central division will increase only slightly to 200 2 mi2 The division with the 5th highest density is projected to be the East South Central division at 111 6 mi2 61 Nationally in scheduled departures as of July 2022 update according to the United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics References Edit a b c Census Regions and Divisions of the United States PDF United States Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration United States Census Bureau Geography Division Archived from the original PDF on September 21 2013 Change in Resident Population of the 50 States the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico 1910 to 2020 PDF United States Census Bureau April 26 2021 Archived PDF from the original on April 26 2021 Retrieved June 13 2021 https web archive org web 20220803185431 https www lexico com en definition east coast Archived from the original on August 3 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help East Coast Thefreedictionary com https vocabulary com dictionary East 20Coast a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help American FactFinder GCT PH1 Population Housing Units Area and Density U S Census Bureau 2000 Archived from the original on February 12 2020 a b c Zelinsky Wilbur June 1980 North America s Vernacular Regions Annals of the Association of American Geographers 70 1 1 16 doi 10 1111 j 1467 8306 1980 tb01293 x a b c d Hobbs Joseph John 2009 World Regional Geography Cengage Learning p 647 ISBN 9780495389507 Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved November 4 2013 Elkins Rick March 28 2012 Census Bureau releases list of urban areas Porterville Recorder Archived from the original on July 26 2013 Retrieved July 25 2012 Northeast Regional Plan Association 2019 Archived from the original on October 21 2016 Retrieved December 12 2019 Mir Tamim Ansary 2001 Eastern Woodlands Indians Capstone Classroom p 4 ISBN 9781588104519 Pritzker Barry 2000 A Native American Encyclopedia History Culture and Peoples Oxford University Press p 398 ISBN 0195138775 a b Northeast Region Fact Sheet PDF Archived PDF from the original on July 2 2013 Retrieved July 31 2013 Nash Gary B Red White and Black The Peoples of Early North America Los Angeles 2015 Chapter 1 p 8 a b Arenstam Peter Kemp John Grace Catherine O Neill 2007 Mayflower 1620 A New Look at a Pilgrim Voyage Washington D C National Geographic ISBN 9780792262763 Archived from the original on April 24 2016 Retrieved October 17 2015 A Brief History of Cambridge Massachusetts USA Cambridge Historical Commission Archived from the original on September 30 2012 Retrieved August 16 2012 Kelly Martin Connecticut Colony About com Archived from the original on June 26 2012 Retrieved August 16 2012 a b c d Kelly Martin Rhode Island Colony About com Archived from the original on September 17 2005 Retrieved August 16 2012 Newport Frank State of the States Importance of Religion Gallup Archived from the original on August 17 2012 Retrieved August 17 2012 Mississippians Go to Church the Most Vermonters Least Gallup com February 17 2010 Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved March 17 2012 Jenks Henry Fitch 1880 The Boston Public Latin School 1635 1880 M King Retrieved August 16 2012 Harvard University Founded CelebrateBoston com Archived from the original on June 6 2012 Retrieved August 16 2012 Barreveld Drs Dirk J 2001 From New Amsterdam to New York the founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625 New York Writers Club Press ISBN 9780595198900 a b c The Middle Colonies Radford University Archived from the original on July 20 2012 Retrieved August 16 2012 Forrest Tuomi J William Penn Introduction Archived from the original on December 8 2013 Retrieved August 16 2012 Munroe John A 2006 3 The Lower Counties on The Delaware History of Delaware 5th illustrated ed University of Delaware Press p 45 ISBN 0 87413 947 3 Archived from the original on February 20 2021 Retrieved November 2 2020 Lurie Mappen M 2004 Encyclopedia of New Jersey Rutgers University Press p 327 ISBN 0 8135 3325 2 Mayo LS 1921 John Wentworth Governor of New Hampshire 1767 1775 Harvard University Press p 5 2013 Regions of the US Census Bureau PDF Census Bureau Archived PDF from the original on October 14 2013 Retrieved July 22 2013 Geographic Areas Reference Manual U S Census Bureau 1994 pp 6 1 Archived from the original on June 24 2016 Retrieved July 4 2013 Seymour Sudman amp Norman M Bradburn 1982 Asking Questions Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design Jossey Bass p 205 ISBN 9780875895468 Archived from the original on May 15 2016 Retrieved October 17 2015 The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U S Bureau of the Census Dale M Lewison 1997 Retailing Prentice Hall p 384 ISBN 978 0 13 461427 4 Archived from the original on December 15 2019 Retrieved October 17 2015 Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U S Census Bureau Pamela Goyan Kittler Kathryn P Sucher 2008 Food and Culture Cengage Learning p 475 ISBN 9780495115410 Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved November 2 2020 M ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four region format Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference putting it together for 1990 U S Census Bureau 1984 p 161 Archived from the original on April 26 2016 Retrieved October 17 2015 a b Six Statistical Groupings of States and Counties Geographic Areas Reference Manual PDF U S Census Bureau November 1994 Archived PDF from the original on April 19 2013 Retrieved July 31 2013 Verne Thompson ed 2010 Encyclopedia of Associations Regional State and Local Organizations Northeastern States Vol Vol 2 Northeastern States 22 ed Gale The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind Macmillan 2011 p 630 ISBN 9781429950855 Kelley Mary Lebreck amp Virginia Macken Fitzsimons 2000 Understanding Cultural Diversity Culture Curriculum and Community in Nursing Jones amp Bartlett Learning p 220 ISBN 9780763711061 Mason Dixon Line Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on May 12 2020 Retrieved May 26 2020 Overview AAG aag org Archived from the original on March 11 2019 Retrieved May 10 2014 Geological Society of America Northeastern Section geosociety org Archived from the original on November 23 2019 Retrieved August 29 2019 NROC Overview Northeast Regional Ocean Council Archived from the original on September 25 2013 Retrieved July 11 2013 Safety ORA District and Headquarters Recall Coordinators U S Food and Drug Administration Archived from the original on August 19 2013 Retrieved July 24 2013 About The Council Department of Defense Northeast Regional Council Archived from the original on September 23 2013 Retrieved September 21 2013 John C Hudson 2002 Across This Land A Regional Geography of the United States and Canada p 81 ff ISBN 0801865670 Thomas F McIlwraith Edward K Muller 2001 North America The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent p 190 ISBN 0742500195 a b Shelley Fred M ed 1996 Political Geography of the United States Guilford Press ISBN 1572300485 a b Region I Jurisdiction Nuclear Regulatory Commission Archived from the original on September 10 2013 Retrieved July 25 2013 a b Daniel P Bigelow amp Allison Borchers 2012 Major Uses of Land in the United States PDF USDA s Economic Research Service Archived PDF from the original on November 29 2021 Retrieved August 5 2021 Barron Eric 2001 Chapter 4 Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Northeastern United States In National Assessment Synthesis Team U S Global Change Research Program ed Climate Change Impacts on the United States The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 00075 0 Retrieved March 15 2010 Northeast Climate Region United States Environmental Protection Agency January 21 2015 Archived from the original on June 29 2013 Retrieved July 4 2013 Northeast Regional Climate Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on June 16 2013 Retrieved July 20 2013 Northeast Region United States Fish and Wildlife Service Archived from the original on July 6 2013 Retrieved July 4 2013 National Park Service Regions PDF United States Department of the Interior Archived PDF from the original on September 28 2013 Retrieved February 25 2013 Mount Washington NGS Data Sheet National Geodetic Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States Department of Commerce a b Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U S National Climate Assessment PDF National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 2013 Archived PDF from the original on April 29 2013 Retrieved July 19 2013 Climate Summaries Northeast Overview January 2013 Archived from the original on September 29 2013 Retrieved July 19 2013 Climate Summaries Northeast Overview July 2012 Archived from the original on September 29 2013 Retrieved July 19 2013 Change in Resident Population of the 50 States the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico 1910 to 2020 PDF United States Census Bureau April 26 2021 Archived PDF from the original on April 26 2021 Retrieved June 13 2021 Frank Hobbs amp Nicole Stoops 2002 Demographic Trends in the 20th Century p 18 ISBN 9780160676338 Archived from the original on July 5 2014 Retrieved July 12 2013 a b 2005 Interim State Population Projections People and Households U S Census Bureau census gov Archived from the original on May 21 2017 Retrieved December 9 2017 Gross Domestic Product GDP by State Archived from the original on July 2 2018 Retrieved March 9 2018 Calendar Year 2011 Primary Airports PDF Archived PDF from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved November 9 2014 ATCSCC Flight Delay Information Northeastern States faa gov Archived from the original on March 21 2021 Retrieved November 17 2014 Airports Regional amp District Development Offices faa gov Archived from the original on November 21 2014 Retrieved November 17 2014 RITA BTS Transtats bts gov Archived from the original on October 12 2008 Retrieved November 9 2014 Zelinsky Wilbur December 1955 Some Problems in the Distribution of Generic Terms in the Place Names of the Northeastern United States Annals of the Association of American Geographers 45 4 319 doi 10 1111 j 1467 8306 1955 tb01491 x Northeast Region History amp Culture Archived from the original on July 22 2013 Retrieved July 20 2013 Religious Identity States Differ Widely August 7 2009 Archived from the original on September 15 2017 Retrieved September 25 2013 Twenge Jean M 2015 Generational and Time Period Differences in American Adolescents Religious Orientation 1966 2014 PLOS ONE 10 5 e0121454 Bibcode 2015PLoSO 1021454T doi 10 1371 journal pone 0121454 PMC 4427319 PMID 25962174 All Cities Are Not Created Equal Archived from the original on September 29 2013 Retrieved September 25 2013 The Northeast Region Archived from the original on September 29 2013 Retrieved September 25 2013 Kirsch George B Othello Harris Claire Elaine Nolte eds 2000 Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in the United States Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313299110 Torio CM Andrews RM September 2014 Geographic Variation in Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations for Acute and Chronic Conditions 2005 2011 HCUP Statistical Brief 178 Rockville Maryland Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PMID 25411684 Archived from the original on December 24 2014 Retrieved October 20 2014 State of the States Political Party Affiliation January 28 2009 Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved September 25 2013 Reiter Howard L amp Jeffrey M Stonecash 2011 Counter Realignment Political Change in the Northeastern United States Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1139493130 Historical Election Results U S National Archives and Records Administration May 20 2019 Archived from the original on July 30 2017 Retrieved September 6 2017 External links Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Northeastern United States Coordinates 42 N 73 W 42 N 73 W 42 73 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Northeastern United States amp oldid 1136882839, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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