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Wikipedia

Developed country

April 21, 2023

"Industrial nation" redirects here. For the magazine, see Industrialnation.
Not to be confused with Developing country.
For the investing classification, see Developed market.

A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country, more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country[3][4]) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[5] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP (PPP) per capita of at least USD$22,000. In 2023, 37 countries fit all four criteria, while an additional 16 countries fit three out of four.

  Developed countries or cities (IMF)
  Developing countries (IMF)
  Least developed countries (UN)
  Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications per the IMF[1] and the UN[2] (last updated April 2023). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue. The map does not include classifications by the World Bank.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[6]

Definition and criteria

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[7][8]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[9]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[10]

Nevertheless, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as well as Australia and New Zealand.[11]

Similar terms

See also: Global North and Global South

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[12]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[13]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[14] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

Main articles: Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index
 
The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   Very high
  •   High
  •   Medium
  •   Low
  •   No data
 
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   ≥ 0.950
  •   0.900–0.950
  •   0.850–0.899
  •   0.800–0.849
  •   0.750–0.799
  •   0.700–0.749
  •   0.650–0.699
  •   0.600–0.649
  •   0.550–0.599
  •   0.500–0.549
  •   0.450–0.499
  •   0.400–0.449
  •   ≤ 0.399
  •   Data unavailable

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries ranked from 1 to 66 in the year 2021 are considered to be of "very high human development":[15]

Table of countries by HDI
Rank Nation HDI
2021 data (2022 report)​[15] Change since 2015​[16] 2021 data (2022 report)​[15] Average annual growth (2010–2021)​[16]
1     Switzerland 0.962   0.19%
2     Norway 0.961   0.19%
3     Iceland 0.959   0.56%
4   (3)   Hong Kong 0.952   0.44%
5   (3)   Australia 0.951   0.27%
6     Denmark 0.948   0.34%
7   (2)   Sweden 0.947   0.36%
8   (6)   Ireland 0.945   0.40%
9   (5)   Germany 0.942   0.16%
10   (1)   Netherlands 0.941   0.24%
11     Finland 0.940   0.29%
12   (1)   Singapore 0.939   0.29%
13   (2)   Belgium 0.937   0.25%
  (3)   New Zealand   0.15%
15   (2)   Canada 0.936   0.25%
16   (1)   Liechtenstein 0.935   0.22%
17   (3)   Luxembourg 0.930   0.18%
18   (3)   United Kingdom 0.929   0.17%
19     Japan 0.925   0.27%
  (3)   South Korea   0.35%
21   (3)   United States 0.921   0.10%
22     Israel 0.919   0.25%
23   (4)   Malta 0.918   0.58%
  (1)   Slovenia   0.28%
25   (4)   Austria 0.916   0.14%
26   (9)   United Arab Emirates 0.911   0.80%
27     Spain 0.905   0.38%
28   (3)   France 0.903   0.27%
29   (3)   Cyprus 0.896   0.41%
30   (1)   Italy 0.895   0.13%
31   (2)   Estonia 0.890   0.30%
32   (6)   Czechia 0.889   0.20%
33   (2)   Greece 0.887   0.19%
34   (1)   Poland 0.876   0.37%
35   (3)   Bahrain 0.875   0.73%
  (1)   Lithuania   0.35%
  (2)   Saudi Arabia   0.64%
38   (2)   Portugal 0.866   0.40%
39   (1)   Latvia 0.863   0.42%
40   (6)   Andorra 0.858   0.11%
  (5)   Croatia   0.40%
42   (1)   Chile 0.855   0.46%
  (1)   Qatar   0.23%
44 NA[Note 1]   San Marino 0.853 NA[Note 1]
45   (5)   Slovakia 0.848   0.09%
46   (1)   Hungary 0.846   0.20%
47   (4)   Argentina 0.842   0.09%
48   (6)   Turkey 0.838   1.03%
49   (3)   Montenegro 0.832   0.27%
50   (1)   Kuwait 0.831   0.20%
51   (3)   Brunei 0.829   0.01%
52   (2)   Russia 0.822   0.29%
53   (4)   Romania 0.821   0.16%
54   (3)   Oman 0.816   0.32%
55   (2)   Bahamas 0.812   0.00%
56   (4)   Kazakhstan 0.811   0.51%
57   (2)   Trinidad and Tobago 0.810   0.23%
58   (4)   Costa Rica 0.809   0.43%
    Uruguay   0.25%
60   (3)   Belarus 0.808   0.21%
61     Panama 0.805   0.37%
62   (1)   Malaysia 0.803   0.39%
63   (7)   Georgia 0.802   0.50%
  (2)   Mauritius   0.55%
  (4)   Serbia   0.41%
66   (6)   Thailand 0.800   0.75%

High-income economies

See also: Developed market

Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA,[17] and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant.[why?][Note 2]

However, many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies".[18][19] The OECD's 37 members are known as the "developed countries club".[20][21][22] The World Bank identifies 81 "high income countries".[23] Other standards, such as the 30-50 Club (GDP per capita over $30,000 and population over 50 million) have been developed to categorize highly developed and influential countries.

World Bank high-income economies

Main articles: World Bank high-income economy and List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
 
World Bank high-income economies in 2019

According to the World Bank the following 80 countries and territories are classified as "high-income economies". As of the 2022 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $12,696 or more in 2020.[23]

36 countries and territories in Europe:

20 countries and territories in the Americas:

15 countries and territories in Asia:

eight countries and territories in Oceania:

one country in Africa:

nine former high-income economies:[24]

* Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the   Netherlands Antilles.

# Dissolved on 10 October 2010, succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

High-income OECD members

According to the World Bank, the following 34 members are classified as "OECD High-Income":[25][26]

26 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

Development Assistance Committee members

See also: Development Assistance Committee
 
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[27] a group of the world's major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[28] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

23 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies

 
  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 41 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[1][29] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version:[17]

29 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA:

Plusd

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.[17]

Paris Club members

 
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2023)

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank; and income per capita (purchasing power parity) higher than $25,000, according to the IMF.

Developed Countries
Countries HDI[30] IMF[31] WB[32] Per capita PPP 2023[33]
2023
  Croatia Yes since 2007 Yes since 2023 Yes since 2017 Yes since 2016
2021
  San Marino Yes since 2021 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 2004
2020
  Andorra Yes since 2003 Yes since 2020 Yes since 1990 Yes before 2010
2016
  Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2016
2015
  Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013
2013
  Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1989[34] Yes since 1996 Yes since 2013
2012
  Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2012
2011
  Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 2011
2009
  Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006
2008
  Malta Yes since 2003 Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 2007
2007
  Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2006
  Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1989[34] Yes since 1994 Yes since 2007
2006
  Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 1997[35] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2006
  South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[36] Yes since 2001 Yes since 2006
2003
  New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2003
2002
  Cyprus Yes since 2001 Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 2002
2001
  Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2001
1999
  Singapore Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997[36] Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
  Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
  United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
1998
  Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
  France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998
1997
  Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
  Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
  Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
1996
  Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
  Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
1995
  Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1995
1994
  Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
1992
  Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986
  United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
1988
  Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1988
1987
  Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986
In process
Countries HDI[30] IMF[31] WB[32] per capita PPP 2023[33]
  Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2022
  Chile Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2021
  Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006
  Romania Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2017
  Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2015
  Bahamas Yes since 2016 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
  Hungary Yes since 2005 No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2014
  Poland Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2009 Yes since 2014
  Kuwait Yes since 2014 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
  Bahrain Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1983
  Oman Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2007 Yes since 1990
  Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2004 Yes before 1980
  United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
  Taiwan No data[Note 4] Yes since 1997[36] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002
  Brunei Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1990 Yes before 1985
  Qatar Yes since 1996 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
Other recognitions
Countries HDI[30] IMF[31] WB[32] per capita PPP 2023[33]
  Serbia Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2023
  Costa Rica Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022
  Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022
  Argentina Yes since 2006 No No Yes since 2022
  Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2022
  Bulgaria Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2021
  Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2018
  Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No Yes since 2017
  Saint Kitts and Nevis No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2017
  Russia Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2017
  Seychelles No No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2016
  Turkey Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2015
  Barbados Yes since 2011 No Yes since 2006 No
  Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 No Yes since 1994 No
  Dominican Republic No No No Yes since 2023
  Guyana No No No Yes since 2022
  Thailand Yes since 2021 No No No
  Maldives No No No Yes since 2021
  Georgia Yes since 2019 No No No
  Nauru No data No Yes since 2019 No
  Palau Yes since 2013 No No No
  Antigua and Barbuda No No Yes since 2012 No
  Belarus Yes since 2012 No No No
  Monaco No data No Yes since 1994 No

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b HDI not available before 2018 in latest report
  2. ^ The Developed Countries Glossary 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine entry reads: "The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States."
  3. ^ Geographically a part of Asia, geopolitically a part of Europe.
  4. ^ The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.[37] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[38][39] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[40][41]

References

  1. ^ a b "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  2. ^ Least Developed Countries 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2018 list 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine)
  3. ^ "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ^ Developed Economy Definition 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. ^ . www.imf.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  7. ^ The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. ^ "Human development index". Economics Help. from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  11. ^ "UNCTADstat - Classifications".
  12. ^ Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9.
  13. ^ Wackernagel, Mathis; Beyers, Bert (2019). Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-86571-911-8. from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  14. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Liu, Wei; Yang, Jing Yu (23 September 2021). "Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs". International Business Review: 101925. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101925. ISSN 0969-5931. S2CID 244268711.
  15. ^ a b c Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. ISBN 978-9-211-26451-7. (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  16. ^ a b c CIA (2008). . World Factbook. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
  17. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2016.
  18. ^ World Economic Outlook 21 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, International Monetary Fund, September 2011, p. 165.
  19. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 January 2010.
  21. ^ Minutes of Forum #26:Global Strategy Series 2 – Japan as It Should Be (Outline) | Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan 30 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Esri.go.jp. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  22. ^ a b https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups , World Bank. Accessed on 8 July 2021.
  23. ^ https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/the-world-by-income-and-region.html , The World by Income and Region, World Bank. Accessed on 8 July 2021.
  24. ^ "Doing Business 2019 Fact Sheet: OECD High-Income" (PDF). World Bank. (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  25. ^ "Doing Business 2019 Regional Profile: OECD High Income" (PDF). World Bank. (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  26. ^ Peer reviews of DAC members – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Oecd.org. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  27. ^ DAC website >> "The DAC in Dates" 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, On the DAC's self-description, see the introductory letter. On other events, refer to the relevant section by date.
  28. ^ "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—All countries/Advanced economies (40 countries)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  29. ^ a b c Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-9-211-26442-5. (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  30. ^ a b c "World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database". www.imf.org. from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  31. ^ a b c "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  32. ^ a b c "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  33. ^ a b "World Economic Outlook, October 1989" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. p. 12. (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  34. ^ "International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997". International Monetary Fund. from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  35. ^ a b c International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. International Monetary Fund. October 1997. ISBN 9781451945102. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  36. ^ Nations, United. "Data Reader's Guide". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. ^ "What is the human development index (HDI)? How are relevant data queried?" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  38. ^ "人類發展指數" (PDF) (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  39. ^ "National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan) - Statistical Tables". eng.stat.gov.tw. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  40. ^ "國情統計通報" (PDF) (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 October 2022.

External links

  •   Quotations related to Developed country at Wikiquote
  • IMF (advanced economies)
  • The World Factbook 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (developed countries)
  • (definition)
  • (developed regions)
  • World Bank (high-income economies)

April 21, 2023
developed, country, industrial, nation, redirects, here, magazine, industrialnation, confused, with, developing, country, investing, classification, developed, market, developed, country, industrialized, country, high, income, country, more, economically, deve. Industrial nation redirects here For the magazine see Industrialnation Not to be confused with Developing country For the investing classification see Developed market A developed country or industrialized country high income country more economically developed country MEDC advanced country 3 4 is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations Most commonly the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product GDP gross national product GNP the per capita income level of industrialization amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living 5 Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank moreover HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy education and income per capita Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP PPP per capita of at least USD 22 000 In 2023 37 countries fit all four criteria while an additional 16 countries fit three out of four Developed countries or cities IMF Developing countries IMF Least developed countries UN Data unavailableWorld map showing country classifications per the IMF 1 and the UN 2 last updated April 2023 Developed economies according to this classification scheme are shown in blue The map does not include classifications by the World Bank Developed countries have generally more advanced post industrial economies meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector They are contrasted with developing countries which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre industrial and almost entirely agrarian some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries As of 2015 update advanced economies comprise 60 8 of global GDP based on nominal values and 42 9 of global GDP based on purchasing power parity PPP according to the IMF 6 Contents 1 Definition and criteria 1 1 Similar terms 2 Economy lists by various criteria 2 1 Human Development Index HDI 2 2 High income economies 2 2 1 World Bank high income economies 2 2 2 High income OECD members 2 3 Development Assistance Committee members 2 4 IMF advanced economies 2 5 Paris Club members 3 Comparative table 2023 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDefinition and criteria EditEconomic criteria have tended to dominate discussions One such criterion is the income per capita countries with the high gross domestic product GDP per capita would thus be described as developed countries Another economic criterion is industrialisation countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed More recently another measure the Human Development Index HDI which combines an economic measure national income with other measures indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high HDI rating The index however does not take into account several factors such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries such as the G7 members and others 7 8 According to the United Nations Statistics Division There is no established convention for the designation of developed and developing countries or areas in the United Nations system 9 And it notes that The designations developed and developing are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process 10 Nevertheless the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe Israel Japan and the Republic of Korea as well as Australia and New Zealand 11 Similar terms Edit See also Global North and Global South Terms linked to the concept developed country include advanced country industrialized country more developed country MDC more economically developed country MEDC Global North country first world country and post industrial country The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom followed by Belgium Later it spread further to Germany United States France and other Western European countries According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs however the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century 12 Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as neither descriptive nor explanatory It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish In reality there are not two types of countries but over 200 countries all faced with the same laws of nature yet each with unique features 13 A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets economies or countries that have graduated from emerging market status but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries 14 Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries Economy lists by various criteria EditHuman Development Index HDI Edit Main articles Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index The world map representing Human Development Index categories based on 2021 data published in 2022 Very high High Medium Low No data World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0 050 based on 2021 data published in 2022 0 950 0 900 0 950 0 850 0 899 0 800 0 849 0 750 0 799 0 700 0 749 0 650 0 699 0 600 0 649 0 550 0 599 0 500 0 549 0 450 0 499 0 400 0 449 0 399 Data unavailable The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy s level of human development While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income the HDI takes into account how income is turned into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development Since 1990 Norway 2001 2006 2009 2019 Japan 1990 1991 and 1993 Canada 1992 and 1994 2000 and Iceland 2007 2008 have had the highest HDI score The following countries ranked from 1 to 66 in the year 2021 are considered to be of very high human development 15 Table of countries by HDI Rank Nation HDI2021 data 2022 report 15 Change since 2015 16 2021 data 2022 report 15 Average annual growth 2010 2021 16 1 Switzerland 0 962 0 19 2 Norway 0 961 0 19 3 Iceland 0 959 0 56 4 3 Hong Kong 0 952 0 44 5 3 Australia 0 951 0 27 6 Denmark 0 948 0 34 7 2 Sweden 0 947 0 36 8 6 Ireland 0 945 0 40 9 5 Germany 0 942 0 16 10 1 Netherlands 0 941 0 24 11 Finland 0 940 0 29 12 1 Singapore 0 939 0 29 13 2 Belgium 0 937 0 25 3 New Zealand 0 15 15 2 Canada 0 936 0 25 16 1 Liechtenstein 0 935 0 22 17 3 Luxembourg 0 930 0 18 18 3 United Kingdom 0 929 0 17 19 Japan 0 925 0 27 3 South Korea 0 35 21 3 United States 0 921 0 10 22 Israel 0 919 0 25 23 4 Malta 0 918 0 58 1 Slovenia 0 28 25 4 Austria 0 916 0 14 26 9 United Arab Emirates 0 911 0 80 27 Spain 0 905 0 38 28 3 France 0 903 0 27 29 3 Cyprus 0 896 0 41 30 1 Italy 0 895 0 13 31 2 Estonia 0 890 0 30 32 6 Czechia 0 889 0 20 33 2 Greece 0 887 0 19 34 1 Poland 0 876 0 37 35 3 Bahrain 0 875 0 73 1 Lithuania 0 35 2 Saudi Arabia 0 64 38 2 Portugal 0 866 0 40 39 1 Latvia 0 863 0 42 40 6 Andorra 0 858 0 11 5 Croatia 0 40 42 1 Chile 0 855 0 46 1 Qatar 0 23 44 NA Note 1 San Marino 0 853 NA Note 1 45 5 Slovakia 0 848 0 09 46 1 Hungary 0 846 0 20 47 4 Argentina 0 842 0 09 48 6 Turkey 0 838 1 03 49 3 Montenegro 0 832 0 27 50 1 Kuwait 0 831 0 20 51 3 Brunei 0 829 0 01 52 2 Russia 0 822 0 29 53 4 Romania 0 821 0 16 54 3 Oman 0 816 0 32 55 2 Bahamas 0 812 0 00 56 4 Kazakhstan 0 811 0 51 57 2 Trinidad and Tobago 0 810 0 23 58 4 Costa Rica 0 809 0 43 Uruguay 0 25 60 3 Belarus 0 808 0 21 61 Panama 0 805 0 37 62 1 Malaysia 0 803 0 39 63 7 Georgia 0 802 0 50 2 Mauritius 0 55 4 Serbia 0 41 66 6 Thailand 0 800 0 75 High income economies Edit See also Developed market Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries the UN list shown above the CIA 17 and some providers of stock market indices the FTSE Group MSCI S amp P Dow Jones STOXX etc The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant why Note 2 However many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries For example the International Monetary Fund IMF identifies 39 advanced economies 18 19 The OECD s 37 members are known as the developed countries club 20 21 22 The World Bank identifies 81 high income countries 23 Other standards such as the 30 50 Club GDP per capita over 30 000 and population over 50 million have been developed to categorize highly developed and influential countries World Bank high income economies Edit Main articles World Bank high income economy and List of countries by GNI nominal per capita World Bank high income economies in 2019 According to the World Bank the following 80 countries and territories are classified as high income economies As of the 2022 fiscal year update high income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of 12 696 or more in 2020 23 36 countries and territories in Europe Andorra Austria Belgium Channel Islands Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Italy Liechtenstein Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 20 countries and territories in the Americas Antigua and Barbuda Aruba Bahamas Barbados Bermuda British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Chile Curacao Greenland Panama Puerto Rico Saint Martin Sint Maarten Saint Kitts and Nevis Turks and Caicos Islands Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay U S Virgin Islands 15 countries and territories in Asia Bahrain Brunei Cyprus Note 3 Hong Kong Israel Japan Kuwait Macau Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Taiwan United Arab Emirates eight countries and territories in Oceania Australia French Polynesia Guam Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Islands Palau one country in Africa Seychelles nine former high income economies 24 American Samoa 1987 89 Argentina 2013 2015 2017 Equatorial Guinea 2007 14 Mauritius 2019 Netherlands Antilles 1994 2009 Russia 2012 14 Venezuela 2014 Between 1994 and 2009 as a part of the Netherlands Antilles Dissolved on 10 October 2010 succeeded by Curacao and Sint Maarten High income OECD members Edit According to the World Bank the following 34 members are classified as OECD High Income 25 26 26 countries in Europe Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom three countries in the Americas Canada Chile United States three countries in Asia Israel Japan South Korea two countries in Oceania Australia New Zealand Development Assistance Committee members Edit See also Development Assistance Committee Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union in the Development Assistance Committee DAC 27 a group of the world s major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries 28 The following OECD member countries are DAC members 23 countries in Europe Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom two countries in the Americas Canada United States two countries in Asia Japan South Korea two countries in Oceania Australia New Zealand IMF advanced economies Edit Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF According to the International Monetary Fund 41 countries and territories are officially listed as advanced economies 1 29 with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version 17 29 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF 6 others given by the CIA Andorra Austria Belgium Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Portugal San Marino Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United KingdomPlusd Faroe Islands Guernsey Holy See Jersey Liechtenstein Monaco seven countries and territories in Asia Hong Kong Israel Japan Macau Singapore South Korea Taiwan three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF one territory given by the CIA Canada Puerto Rico United States Bermuda d two countries in Oceania Australia New Zealand d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF s list of 38 Advanced Economies noting that the IMF s Advanced Economies list would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra Bermuda Faroe Islands Guernsey Holy See Jersey Liechtenstein Monaco and San Marino San Marino 2012 and Andorra 2021 were later included in the IMF s list 17 Paris Club members Edit Permanent members of the Paris Club There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club French Club de Paris a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries 15 countries in Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom three countries in the Americas Brazil Canada United States three countries in Asia Israel Japan South Korea one country in Oceania AustraliaComparative table 2023 EditComparative table of countries with a very high human development 0 800 or higher according to UNDP advanced economies according to the IMF high income economies according to the World Bank and income per capita purchasing power parity higher than 25 000 according to the IMF Developed CountriesCountries HDI 30 IMF 31 WB 32 Per capita PPP 2023 33 2023 Croatia Yes since 2007 Yes since 2023 Yes since 2017 Yes since 20162021 San Marino Yes since 2021 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 20042020 Andorra Yes since 2003 Yes since 2020 Yes since 1990 Yes before 20102016 Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 20162015 Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 20132013 Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1989 34 Yes since 1996 Yes since 20132012 Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 20122011 Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 20112009 Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 20062008 Malta Yes since 2003 Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 20072007 Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2006 Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1989 34 Yes since 1994 Yes since 20072006 Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 1997 35 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2006 South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997 36 Yes since 2001 Yes since 20062003 New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 20032002 Cyprus Yes since 2001 Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 20022001 Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 20011999 Singapore Yes since 1999 Yes since 1997 36 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991 Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999 United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19991998 Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1998 France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19981997 Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997 Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997 Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19971996 Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996 Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19961995 Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19951994 Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19941992 Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986 United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19921988 Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 19881987 Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1986In processCountries HDI 30 IMF 31 WB 32 per capita PPP 2023 33 Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2022 Chile Yes since 2007 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021 No Yes since 2006 Yes since 2006 Romania Yes since 2013 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2017 Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2015 Bahamas Yes since 2016 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999 Hungary Yes since 2005 No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2014 Poland Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2009 Yes since 2014 Kuwait Yes since 2014 No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992 Bahrain Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1983 Oman Yes since 2012 No Yes since 2007 Yes since 1990 Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2004 Yes before 1980 United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980 Taiwan No data Note 4 Yes since 1997 36 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002 Brunei Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1990 Yes before 1985 Qatar Yes since 1996 No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980Other recognitionsCountries HDI 30 IMF 31 WB 32 per capita PPP 2023 33 Serbia Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2023 Costa Rica Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022 Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2022 Argentina Yes since 2006 No No Yes since 2022 Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2022 Bulgaria Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2021 Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2018 Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No Yes since 2017 Saint Kitts and Nevis No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2017 Russia Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2017 Seychelles No No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2016 Turkey Yes since 2015 No No Yes since 2015 Barbados Yes since 2011 No Yes since 2006 No Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 No Yes since 1994 No Dominican Republic No No No Yes since 2023 Guyana No No No Yes since 2022 Thailand Yes since 2021 No No No Maldives No No No Yes since 2021 Georgia Yes since 2019 No No No Nauru No data No Yes since 2019 No Palau Yes since 2013 No No No Antigua and Barbuda No No Yes since 2012 No Belarus Yes since 2012 No No No Monaco No data No Yes since 1994 NoSee also EditDigital divide First World privilege First World problem Fourth World Globalization G8 G7 List of countries by wealth per adult Multinational corporation Western BlocNotes Edit a b HDI not available before 2018 in latest report The Developed Countries Glossary Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine entry reads The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries Australia Austria Belgium Luxembourg Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong China Ireland Israel Italy Japan Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Singapore South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Geographically a part of Asia geopolitically a part of Europe The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state and is neither included as part of the People s Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China 37 Taiwan s Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0 926 based on UNDP s 2010 methodology 38 39 which would place Taiwan well within the group of Very high human development at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report 40 41 References Edit a b World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database WEO Groups and Aggregates Information IMF org International Monetary Fund Retrieved 2 June 2022 Least Developed Countries Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine 2018 list Archived 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries Their Experience and Implications for Asia PDF adb org Asian Development Bank December 2014 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations rand org RAND Corporation 1 June 2006 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Investopedia 16 April 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects www imf org Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 The Courier Commission of the European Communities 1994 Archived from the original on 15 March 2020 Retrieved 20 January 2021 Human development index Economics Help Archived from the original on 17 December 2020 Retrieved 23 September 2018 Millennium Development Indicators World and regional groupings United Nations Statistics Division 2003 Note b Archived from the original on 10 February 2005 Retrieved 13 May 2017 Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications M49 Developed Regions United Nations Statistics Division Archived from the original on 11 July 2017 Retrieved 13 May 2017 UNCTADstat Classifications Sachs Jeffrey 2005 The End of Poverty New York New York The Penguin Press ISBN 1 59420 045 9 Wackernagel Mathis Beyers Bert 2019 Ecological Footprint Managing Our Biocapacity Budget Gabriola Island BC Canada New Society Publishers p 132 ISBN 978 0 86571 911 8 Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2021 Lee Eun Su Liu Wei Yang Jing Yu 23 September 2021 Neither developed nor emerging Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs International Business Review 101925 doi 10 1016 j ibusrev 2021 101925 ISSN 0969 5931 S2CID 244268711 a b c Human Development Report 2021 22 Uncertain Times Unsettled Lives Shaping our Future in a Transforming World PDF hdr undp org United Nations Development Programme 8 September 2022 pp 272 276 ISBN 978 9 211 26451 7 Archived PDF from the original on 8 September 2022 Retrieved 8 September 2022 a b Human Development Report 2021 22 Uncertain Times Unsettled Lives Shaping our Future in a Transforming World PDF hdr undp org United Nations Development Programme 8 September 2022 pp 277 280 ISBN 978 9 211 26451 7 Archived PDF from the original on 8 September 2022 Retrieved 8 September 2022 a b c CIA 2008 Appendix B International Organizations and Groups World Factbook Archived from the original on 9 April 2008 Retrieved 10 April 2008 IMF Advanced Economies List World Economic Outlook April 2016 p 148 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 21 April 2016 World Economic Outlook Archived 21 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine International Monetary Fund September 2011 p 165 The Hungarian Quarterly VOLUME XLI No 160 Winter 2000 Archived from the original on 21 February 2009 Retrieved 25 January 2009 Indian Express Archived from the original on 27 January 2010 Minutes of Forum 26 Global Strategy Series 2 Japan as It Should Be Outline Economic and Social Research Institute Cabinet Office Government of Japan Archived 30 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Esri go jp Retrieved 12 July 2013 a b https datahelpdesk worldbank org knowledgebase articles 906519 world bank country and lending groups World Bank Accessed on 8 July 2021 https datatopics worldbank org world development indicators the world by income and region html The World by Income and Region World Bank Accessed on 8 July 2021 Doing Business 2019 Fact Sheet OECD High Income PDF World Bank Archived PDF from the original on 1 November 2018 Retrieved 31 October 2018 Doing Business 2019 Regional Profile OECD High Income PDF World Bank Archived PDF from the original on 1 November 2018 Retrieved 31 October 2018 Peer reviews of DAC members Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Oecd org Retrieved 22 October 2013 DAC website gt gt The DAC in Dates Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine On the DAC s self description see the introductory letter On other events refer to the relevant section by date World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database All countries Advanced economies 40 countries IMF org International Monetary Fund Retrieved 13 October 2021 a b c Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier Human Development and the Anthropocene PDF hdr undp org United Nations Development Programme 15 December 2020 pp 343 346 ISBN 978 9 211 26442 5 Archived PDF from the original on 15 December 2020 Retrieved 15 December 2020 a b c World Economic Outlook Database Changes to the Database www imf org Archived from the original on 29 December 2017 Retrieved 7 February 2019 a b c World Bank Country and Lending Groups World Bank Data Help Desk datahelpdesk worldbank org Archived from the original on 28 October 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2021 a b c World Economic Outlook Database October 2019 www imf org International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 16 March 2020 a b World Economic Outlook October 1989 PDF International Monetary Fund p 12 Archived PDF from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2020 International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997 International Monetary Fund Archived from the original on 25 June 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2020 a b c International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997 International Monetary Fund October 1997 ISBN 9781451945102 Retrieved 8 May 2020 Nations United Data Reader s Guide a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help What is the human development index HDI How are relevant data queried PDF Retrieved 26 October 2022 人類發展指數 PDF in Chinese Retrieved 26 October 2022 National Statistics Republic of China Taiwan Statistical Tables eng stat gov tw Retrieved 27 October 2022 國情統計通報 PDF in Chinese Retrieved 26 October 2022 External links Edit Quotations related to Developed country at Wikiquote IMF advanced economies The World Factbook Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine developed countries United Nations Statistics Division definition List of countries United Nations Statistics Division developed regions World Bank high income economies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Developed country amp oldid 1150919496, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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