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List of birds of Europe

January 01, 1970

More than 900 species of birds have been observed in Europe. The avifauna of Europe is broadly similar to that of Asia north of the Himalayas and North Africa, both of which also belong to the Palearctic realm. There are also many groups shared with North America. On the other hand, many groups characteristic of the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms are entirely absent from Europe, including jacanas, darters, trogons, hornbills, honeyguides, barbets (families Lybiidae in Africa and Megalaimidae in Asia), parrots, pittas, cuckooshrikes, broadbills (families Calyptomenidae and Eurylaimidae), drongos, monarch flycatchers, white-eyes, and estrildid finches (although parrots and estrildid finches have been introduced to Europe by humans).

Two species that occurred in the European region until recently (post 1800) — the great auk and the Canary Islands oystercatcher — are now globally extinct, while one additional species — the slender-billed curlew — may also be extinct. In addition, the common buttonquail has been extirpated from Europe, but survives in Africa and Asia. 71 bird species are considered threatened in Europe.[1]

The following tags have been used to indicate the status of species in Europe. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

  • (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Europe
  • (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Europe
  • (Ext) Extinct - a species that no longer exists
  • (Ex) Extirpated - a species that is extinct in the wild in Europe
  • (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Europe as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

The taxonomic order follows the IOC World Bird List version 13.1.[2]

Definition of Europe edit

This article follows a common definition of Europe as being bounded to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east and north-east by the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea, and to the south-east by the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Iceland and Svalbard are included, but Greenland is not. Mediterranean islands are generally included, except for Cyprus and those islands belonging to Turkey or countries of North Africa or the Middle East. The Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands belong politically to Europe, but definitions based on geography or avifauna assign these islands variously to Europe, Africa, or neither of the two. Here, birds that are endemic to these islands, or have been observed only on these islands but not elsewhere in Europe, are labelled accordingly. The same approach is applied to birds occurring only in the Caucasus, which is commonly seen as straddling the border between Europe and Asia. The birds of Cape Verde are not included in this list. Oceans are included up to the limit of 200 nautical miles from the European coastline, or half the distance to Africa, whichever is lesser.

For countries or territories lying wholly within Europe as defined above, species are included in this list if they are classified as Category A, B, or C (or the nearest equivalent) on the relevant national list. For countries that straddle Europe and Asia (in particular Russia and Turkey), the precise location of sightings within that country is determinative.

Ducks, geese, and swans edit

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The swans, ducks and geese are medium to large birds that are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet and bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent. In many ducks the male is colourful while the female is dull brown. The diet consists of a variety of animals and plants. The family is well represented in Europe with many introduced species as well.

Guineafowl edit

Order: Galliformes   Family: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

Pheasants and allies edit

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Pheasants and allies are terrestrial species, feeding and nesting on the ground. They are variable in size but generally plump, with broad and relatively short wings.

Nightjars edit

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

Swifts edit

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces.

Bustards edit

Order: Otidiformes   Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

Cuckoos edit

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Sandgrouse edit

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Pigeons and doves edit

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Rails, crakes, and coots edit

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Cranes edit

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Grebes edit

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large diving birds with lobed toes and pointed bills. They are seen mainly on lowland waterbodies and coasts. They feed on aquatic animals and nest on a floating platform of vegetation.

Flamingos edit

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Buttonquail edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

Stone-curlews and thick-knees edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Oystercatchers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Stilts and avocets edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

A family of fairly large wading birds. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Plovers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

Small to medium-sized wading birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Egyptian plover edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Pluvianidae

The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.

Sandpipers and snipes edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Coursers and pratincoles edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Skuas edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Auks edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Tropicbirds edit

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are a family of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes.

Loons edit

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Austral storm petrels edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Albatrosses edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.

Northern storm petrels edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, feeding on plankton and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. They nest in colonies on the ground, most often in burrows.

Petrels, shearwaters, and diving petrels edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

These are highly pelagic birds with long, narrow wings and tube-shaped nostrils. They feed at sea on fish, squid and other marine life. They come to land to breed in colonies, nesting in burrows or on cliffs.

Storks edit

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Frigatebirds edit

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked tails and long hooked bills. Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red gular pouch, which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females. Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2.3 metres (7.5 ft), the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird.

Gannets and boobies edit

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Cormorants and shags edit

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

Ibises and spoonbills edit

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

A family of long-legged, long-necked wading birds. Ibises have long, curved bills. Spoonbills have a flattened bill, wider at the tip.

Herons and bitterns edit

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Pelicans edit

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak.

Osprey edit

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The osprey is a large migratory fish-eating bird of prey. It is mainly brown above and white below with long, angled wings.

Hawks, eagles, and kites edit

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

A family of birds of prey which includes hawks, buzzards, eagles, kites and harriers. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Barn owls edit

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium-sized to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Typical owls edit

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the northern hawk-owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish.

Hoopoes edit

Order: Bucerotiformes   Family: Upupidae

Distinctive birds with a long curved bill, a crest and black-and-white striped wings and tail.

Rollers edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

A small family of colourful, medium-sized birds with a crow-like shape that feed mainly on insects.

Kingfishers edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Bee-eaters edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae

A group of near-passerine birds characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers.

Woodpeckers edit

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons and caracaras edit

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

African and New World parrots edit

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

At least three species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans.

Old World parrots edit

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

At least two species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans.

Tyrant flycatchers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

A family from the Americas with very rare vagrants recorded in Western Europe.

Bushshrikes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Malaconotidae

Bushshrikes occur almost exclusively in Africa. They are similar in build and habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush.

Shrikes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Vireos, greenlets, and shrike-babblers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.

Figbirds and orioles edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The figbirds and orioles are medium-sized passerines, mostly with bright and showy plumage. The females often have duller plumage than the males. The beak is long, slightly curved and hooked. Orioles are arboreal and tend to feed in the canopy.

Crows and jays edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Waxwings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Tits and chickadees edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Penduline tits edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

Bearded reedling edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Panuridae

A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.

Larks edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Bulbuls edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Swallows and martins edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Cettia bush warblers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cettiidae

Cettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa, ranging into Oceania and Europe.

Bushtits edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

Bushtits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Leaf warblers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are small, active, insectivorous passerine birds. They glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters. Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below.

Reed warblers, Grauer's warbler, and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The species in this family are usually rather large warblers. Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Grassbirds and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Grassbirds are small insectivorous songbirds, with tails that are usually long and pointed. These birds occur mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are less wren-like than the typical shrub-warblers (Cettia) but like these drab brownish or buffy all over. Many have bold dark streaks on wings and/or underside. Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground; they are perhaps the most terrestrial of the "warblers".

Cisticolas and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cisticolidae

Cisticolas are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.

Sylviid babblers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The sylviid warblers are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Parrotbills and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paradoxornithidae

Parrotbills and their allies are small, long-tailed birds that typically inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats. Most are native to East or Southeast Asia, although a single species, the wrentit, is native to North America. Introduced populations in Italy are thought to contain two parrotbill species, although there is some uncertainty about the taxonomic identity of these populations.[5]

Laughingthrushes and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Leiothrichidae

The laughingthrushes are a family of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

Goldcrests and kinglets edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets and "crests" are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers. They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus. The adults have coloured crowns, giving rise to their name.

Wrens edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Nuthatches edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Wallcreeper edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

Treecreepers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Mockingbirds and thrashers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

Medium-sized passerine birds with long tails. Some are notable for their ability to mimic sounds such as other birds' songs.

Starlings and rhabdornis edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Thrushes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Chats and Old World flycatchers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Dippers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

Old World sparrows and snowfinches edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters and they also consume small insects.

Weavers and widowbirds edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

Waxbills, munias and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

Indigobirds and whydahs edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Viduidae

The indigobirds and whydahs are finch-like species native to Africa whose plumage is usually dominated by black or indigo. All are obligate brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. One introduced species has established a population in Portugal.

Accentors edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

Wagtails and pipits edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches and euphonias edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs and snow buntings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Buntings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

New World sparrows and bush tanagers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.

Yellow-breasted chat edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Oropendolas, orioles, and blackbirds edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.

New World warblers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

A group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal and insectivorous.

Cardinals and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

Cardinals are passerine birds found in North and South America. They are also known as cardinal-grosbeaks and cardinal-buntings.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International. "European Red List of Birds 2021" (PDF). BirdLife International. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  2. ^ "IOC World Bird List". International Ornithological Congress.
  3. ^ Forcina, Giovanni; Guerrini, Monica; van Grouw, Hein; Gupta, Brij K.; Panayides, Panicos; Hadjigerou, Pantelis; Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.; Awan, Muhammad N.; Khan, Aleem A.; Zeder, Melinda A.; Barbanera, Filippo (17 March 2015). "Impacts of biological globalization in the Mediterranean: Unveiling the deep history of human-mediated gamebird dispersal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (11): 3296–3301. doi:10.1073/pnas.1500677112. PMC 4371972.
  4. ^ Atahan, Ali; Yavuz, Nizamettin; Boyla, Kerem Ali. "Around the Region 2017-1". Türkiye Kuş Kayıt Komitesi. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  5. ^ Bacetti, Nicola; Fracasso, Giancarlo; Commissione Ornitologica Italiana (COI) (2021). "CISO-COI Check-list of Italian birds - 2020". Avocetta. 45: 21–82. doi:10.30456/AVO.2021_checklist_en. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  • Checklist of Birds of Europe. Avibase, LePage, Denis. 14 February 2020
  • Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars, Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter. (2001). Birds of Europe. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–5 ISBN 0-691-05054-6
  • Crochet P.-A., Joynt G. (2015) AERC list of Western Palearctic birds. July 2015 version.
  • Rouco, M., Copete, J. L., De Juana, E., Gil-Velasco, M., Lorenzo, J. A., Martín, M., Milá, B., Molina, B. & Santos, D. M. (2019) Lista de las aves de España. Edición de 2019. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.
  • Rafael Matias, Paulo Catry, Helder Costa, Gonçalo Elias, João Jara, C.C. Moore & Ricardo Tomé (2007) Lista sistemática das aves de portugal continental. Anuário Ornitológico 5: 74-132 (2007)
  • British Ornithologists' Union (2017) The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (9th edition). Ibis 160: 190-240.
  • Irish Rare Birds Committee (2015) The Irish list as on 31 December 2015
  • Overzicht van alle vogels waargenomen in Nederland, Dutch Avifauna.nl
  • Belgian Rare Birds Committee (2014) Belgian official checklist
  • Hellenic Rarities Committee (2016) List of the birds of Greece
  • Yann Kolbeinsson (2011) List of Icelandic Bird Species
  • Birdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset ei-varpuslinnut (non-passerine birds of Finland)
  • Birdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset varpuslinnut (passerine birds of Finland)
  • Netfugl.dk: Bird list of Denmark

January 01, 1970
list, birds, europe, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, september, 2020, learn, when, remove, this, message, more. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message More than 900 species of birds have been observed in Europe The avifauna of Europe is broadly similar to that of Asia north of the Himalayas and North Africa both of which also belong to the Palearctic realm There are also many groups shared with North America On the other hand many groups characteristic of the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms are entirely absent from Europe including jacanas darters trogons hornbills honeyguides barbets families Lybiidae in Africa and Megalaimidae in Asia parrots pittas cuckooshrikes broadbills families Calyptomenidae and Eurylaimidae drongos monarch flycatchers white eyes and estrildid finches although parrots and estrildid finches have been introduced to Europe by humans Two species that occurred in the European region until recently post 1800 the great auk and the Canary Islands oystercatcher are now globally extinct while one additional species the slender billed curlew may also be extinct In addition the common buttonquail has been extirpated from Europe but survives in Africa and Asia 71 bird species are considered threatened in Europe 1 The following tags have been used to indicate the status of species in Europe The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories A Accidental a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Europe E Endemic a species endemic to Europe Ext Extinct a species that no longer exists Ex Extirpated a species that is extinct in the wild in Europe I Introduced a species introduced to Europe as a consequence direct or indirect of human actions The taxonomic order follows the IOC World Bird List version 13 1 2 Contents 1 Definition of Europe 2 Ducks geese and swans 3 Guineafowl 4 Pheasants and allies 5 Nightjars 6 Swifts 7 Bustards 8 Cuckoos 9 Sandgrouse 10 Pigeons and doves 11 Rails crakes and coots 12 Cranes 13 Grebes 14 Flamingos 15 Buttonquail 16 Stone curlews and thick knees 17 Oystercatchers 18 Stilts and avocets 19 Plovers 20 Egyptian plover 21 Sandpipers and snipes 22 Coursers and pratincoles 23 Gulls terns and skimmers 24 Skuas 25 Auks 26 Tropicbirds 27 Loons 28 Austral storm petrels 29 Albatrosses 30 Northern storm petrels 31 Petrels shearwaters and diving petrels 32 Storks 33 Frigatebirds 34 Gannets and boobies 35 Cormorants and shags 36 Ibises and spoonbills 37 Herons and bitterns 38 Pelicans 39 Osprey 40 Hawks eagles and kites 41 Barn owls 42 Typical owls 43 Hoopoes 44 Rollers 45 Kingfishers 46 Bee eaters 47 Woodpeckers 48 Falcons and caracaras 49 African and New World parrots 50 Old World parrots 51 Tyrant flycatchers 52 Bushshrikes 53 Shrikes 54 Vireos greenlets and shrike babblers 55 Figbirds and orioles 56 Crows and jays 57 Waxwings 58 Tits and chickadees 59 Penduline tits 60 Bearded reedling 61 Larks 62 Bulbuls 63 Swallows and martins 64 Cettia bush warblers and allies 65 Bushtits 66 Leaf warblers and allies 67 Reed warblers Grauer s warbler and allies 68 Grassbirds and allies 69 Cisticolas and allies 70 Sylviid babblers 71 Parrotbills and allies 72 Laughingthrushes and allies 73 Goldcrests and kinglets 74 Wrens 75 Nuthatches 76 Wallcreeper 77 Treecreepers 78 Mockingbirds and thrashers 79 Starlings and rhabdornis 80 Thrushes 81 Chats and Old World flycatchers 82 Dippers 83 Old World sparrows and snowfinches 84 Weavers and widowbirds 85 Waxbills munias and allies 86 Indigobirds and whydahs 87 Accentors 88 Wagtails and pipits 89 Finches and euphonias 90 Longspurs and snow buntings 91 Buntings 92 New World sparrows and bush tanagers 93 Yellow breasted chat 94 Oropendolas orioles and blackbirds 95 New World warblers 96 Cardinals and allies 97 See also 98 ReferencesDefinition of Europe editThis article follows a common definition of Europe as being bounded to the south by the Mediterranean Sea to the east and north east by the Ural Mountains the Ural River and the Caspian Sea and to the south east by the Caucasus Mountains the Black Sea and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea Iceland and Svalbard are included but Greenland is not Mediterranean islands are generally included except for Cyprus and those islands belonging to Turkey or countries of North Africa or the Middle East The Azores Madeira and the Canary Islands belong politically to Europe but definitions based on geography or avifauna assign these islands variously to Europe Africa or neither of the two Here birds that are endemic to these islands or have been observed only on these islands but not elsewhere in Europe are labelled accordingly The same approach is applied to birds occurring only in the Caucasus which is commonly seen as straddling the border between Europe and Asia The birds of Cape Verde are not included in this list Oceans are included up to the limit of 200 nautical miles from the European coastline or half the distance to Africa whichever is lesser For countries or territories lying wholly within Europe as defined above species are included in this list if they are classified as Category A B or C or the nearest equivalent on the relevant national list For countries that straddle Europe and Asia in particular Russia and Turkey the precise location of sightings within that country is determinative Ducks geese and swans editOrder Anseriformes Family AnatidaeThe swans ducks and geese are medium to large birds that are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet and bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent In many ducks the male is colourful while the female is dull brown The diet consists of a variety of animals and plants The family is well represented in Europe with many introduced species as well American black duck Anas rubripes A American wigeon Mareca americana A Baikal teal Sibirionetta formosa A Bar headed goose Anser indicus I A Barnacle goose Branta leucopsis Barrow s goldeneye Bucephala islandica Black scoter Melanitta americana A Black swan Cygnus atratus I Blue winged teal Spatula discors A Brant goose Branta bernicla Bufflehead Bucephala albeola A Cackling goose Branta hutchinsii A Canada goose Branta canadensis I A Canvasback Aythya valisineria A Cinnamon teal Spatula cyanoptera A Common eider Somateria mollissima Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula Common merganser Mergus merganser Common pochard Aythya ferina Common scoter Melanitta nigra Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiaca I Eurasian teal Anas crecca Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope Falcated duck Mareca falcata A Ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca Gadwall Mareca strepera Garganey Spatula querquedula Greater scaup Aythya marila Greater white fronted goose Anser albifrons Green winged teal Anas carolinensis A Greylag goose Anser anser Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus A King eider Somateria spectabilis Lesser scaup Aythya affinis A Lesser white fronted goose Anser erythropus Long tailed duck Clangula hyemalis Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Mandarin duck Aix galericulata I Marbled duck Marmaronetta angustirostris Muscovy duck Cairina moschata I Canary Islands Mute swan Cygnus olor Northern pintail Anas acuta Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata Pink footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus Red breasted goose Branta ruficollis Red breasted merganser Mergus serrator Red crested pochard Netta rufina Redhead Aythya americana A Ring necked duck Aythya collaris A Ross s goose Anser rossii A Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis I Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Smew Mergellus albellus Snow goose Anser caerulescens I A Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri A Stejneger s scoter Melanitta stejnegeri A Steller s eider Polysticta stelleri Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata A Taiga bean goose Anser fabalis Tufted duck Aythya fuligula Tundra bean goose Anser serrirostris Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca White headed duck Oxyura leucocephala White winged scoter Melanitta deglandi A Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus Wood duck Aix sponsa I and A Guineafowl editOrder Galliformes Family NumididaeGuineafowl are a group of African seed eating ground nesting birds that resemble partridges but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage Helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris I Pheasants and allies editOrder Galliformes Family PhasianidaePheasants and allies are terrestrial species feeding and nesting on the ground They are variable in size but generally plump with broad and relatively short wings Barbary partridge Alectoris barbara Black francolin Francolinus francolinus Ex formerly possibly I 3 Black grouse Lyrurus tetrix Caucasian grouse Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi E Caucasus Caucasian snowcock Tetraogallus caucasicus E Caucasus Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar Common pheasant Phasianus colchicus I Common quail Coturnix coturnix Golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus I Grey partridge Perdix perdix Hazel grouse Tetrastes bonasia Lady Amherst s pheasant Chrysolophus amherstiae I Red legged partridge Alectoris rufa E Reeves s pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii I Rock partridge Alectoris graeca E Rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta Western capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopusNightjars editOrder Caprimulgiformes Family CaprimulgidaeNightjars are medium sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground They have long wings short legs and very short bills Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor A Egyptian nightjar Caprimulgus aegyptius A European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus Red necked nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollisSwifts editOrder Apodiformes Family ApodidaeSwifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground perching instead only on vertical surfaces Alpine swift Tachymarptis melba Chimney swift Chaetura pelagica A Common swift Apus apus Little swift Apus affinis Pacific swift Apus pacificus A Pallid swift Apus pallidus Plain swift Apus unicolor White rumped swift Apus caffer White throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus A Bustards editOrder Otidiformes Family OtididaeBustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World They are omnivorous and nest on the ground They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes pecking for food as they go They have long broad wings with fingered wingtips and striking patterns in flight Many have interesting mating displays Great bustard Otis tarda Houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata Canary Islands Little bustard Tetrax tetrax MacQueen s bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii A Cuckoos editOrder Cuculiformes Family CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos roadrunners and anis These birds are of variable size with slender bodies long tails and strong legs The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites Black billed cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus A Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus Great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius Oriental cuckoo Cuculus optatus A Yellow billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus A Sandgrouse editOrder Pterocliformes Family PteroclidaeSandgrouse have small pigeon like heads and necks but sturdy compact bodies They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk Their legs are feathered down to the toes Black bellied sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis Chestnut bellied sandgrouse Pterocles exustus A Pallas s sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus A Pin tailed sandgrouse Pterocles alchata Spotted sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus A Pigeons and doves editOrder Columbiformes Family ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere African collared dove Streptopelia roseogrisea I Bolle s pigeon Columba bollii E Canary Islands Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Laurel pigeon Columba junoniae E Canary Islands Mourning dove Zenaida macroura A Oriental turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis A Rock dove Columba livia Stock dove Columba oenas Trocaz pigeon Columba trocaz E Madeira Rails crakes and coots editOrder Gruiformes Family RallidaeRallidae is a family of small to medium sized birds which includes the rails crakes coots and gallinules Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes swamps or rivers In general they are shy and secretive birds making them difficult to observe Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces They tend to have short rounded wings and to be weak fliers African crake Crecopsis egregia A African swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis A Canary Islands Allen s gallinule Porphyrio alleni A American coot Fulica americana A Purple gallinule Porphyrio martinica A Baillon s crake Zapornia pusilla Common gallinule Gallinula galeata A Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus Corn crake Crex crex Eurasian coot Fulica atra Grey headed swamphen Porphyrio poliocephalus A Lesser moorhen Paragallinula angulata A Little crake Zapornia parva Red knobbed coot Fulica cristata Sora Porzana carolina A Spotted crake Porzana porzana Striped crake Aenigmatolimnas marginalis A Water rail Rallus aquaticus Western swamphen Porphyrio porphyrioCranes editOrder Gruiformes Family GruidaeCranes are large long legged and long necked birds Unlike the similar looking but unrelated herons cranes fly with necks outstretched not pulled back Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or dances Common crane Grus grus Demoiselle crane Grus virgo Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis A Siberian crane Leucogeranus leucogeranusGrebes editOrder Podicipediformes Family PodicipedidaeGrebes are small to medium large diving birds with lobed toes and pointed bills They are seen mainly on lowland waterbodies and coasts They feed on aquatic animals and nest on a floating platform of vegetation Black necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis Great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Pied billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps A Red necked grebe Podiceps grisegenaFlamingos editOrder Phoenicopteriformes Family PhoenicopteridaeFlamingos are gregarious wading birds usually 3 to 5 feet 0 9 to 1 5 m tall found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres Flamingos filter feed on shellfish and algae Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and uniquely are used upside down Greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Lesser flamingo Phoenicopterus minor A Buttonquail editOrder Charadriiformes Family TurnicidaeThe buttonquail are small drab running birds which resemble the true quails The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship The male incubates the eggs and tends the young Common buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus Ex Stone curlews and thick knees editOrder Charadriiformes Family BurhinidaeThe thick knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae They are found worldwide within the tropical zone with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage Despite being classed as waders most species have a preference for arid or semi arid habitats Eurasian stone curlew Burhinus oedicnemusOystercatchers editOrder Charadriiformes Family HaematopodidaeThe oystercatchers are large and noisy plover like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs Canary Islands oystercatcher Haematopus meadewaldoi Ext formerly endemic to the Canary Islands Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegusStilts and avocets editOrder Charadriiformes Family RecurvirostridaeA family of fairly large wading birds The avocets have long legs and long up curved bills The stilts have extremely long legs and long thin straight bills Black winged stilt Himantopus himantopus Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosettaPlovers editOrder Charadriiformes Family CharadriidaeSmall to medium sized wading birds with compact bodies short thick necks and long usually pointed wings They are found in open country worldwide mostly in habitats near water American golden plover Pluvialis dominica A Caspian plover Charadrius asiaticus A Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula Eurasian dotterel Charadrius morinellus European golden plover Pluvialis apricaria Greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaultii A Grey headed lapwing Vanellus cinereus A Grey plover Pluvialis squatarola Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus Killdeer Charadrius vociferus A Kittlitz s plover Charadrius pecuarius A Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus A Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius Northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus Oriental plover Charadrius veredus A Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva A Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus Azores elsewhere A Sociable lapwing Vanellus gregarius A Spur winged lapwing Vanellus spinosus White tailed lapwing Vanellus leucurus A Egyptian plover editOrder Charadriiformes Family PluvianidaeThe Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River Egyptian plover Pluvianus aegyptius A Canary Islands Sandpipers and snipes editOrder Charadriiformes Family ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers curlews godwits shanks tattlers woodcocks snipes dowitchers and phalaropes The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat particularly on the coast without direct competition for food American woodcock Scolopax minor A Baird s sandpiper Calidris bairdii A Bar tailed godwit Limosa lapponica Black tailed godwit Limosa limosa Broad billed sandpiper Calidris falcinellus Buff breasted sandpiper Calidris subruficollis A Common greenshank Tringa nebularia Common redshank Tringa totanus Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Common snipe Gallinago gallinago Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis A possibly Ext Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata Eurasian whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola Dunlin Calidris alpina Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca A Great knot Calidris tenuirostris A Great snipe Gallinago media Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus Grey tailed tattler Tringa brevipes A Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica A Hudsonian whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus A Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla A Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes A Little curlew Numenius minutus A Little stint Calidris minuta Long billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus A Long toed stint Calidris subminuta A Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos A Pin tailed snipe Gallinago stenura Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima Red knot Calidris canutus Red necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Red phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius Red necked stint Calidris ruficollis A Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres Ruff Calidris pugnax Sanderling Calidris alba Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla A Sharp tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata A Short billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus A Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularius A Slender billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris A possibly Ext Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria A Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus A Swinhoe s snipe Gallinago megala A Temminck s stint Calidris temminckii Terek sandpiper Xenus cinereus Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda A Western sandpiper Calidris mauri A White rumped sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis A Willet Tringa semipalmata A Wilson s phalarope Phalaropus tricolor A Wilson s snipe Gallinago delicata A Wood sandpiper Tringa glareolaCoursers and pratincoles editOrder Charadriiformes Family GlareolidaeGlareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles which have short legs long pointed wings and long forked tails and the coursers which have long legs short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards Black winged pratincole Glareola nordmanni Collared pratincole Glareola pratincola Cream colored courser Cursorius cursor Canary Islands elsewhere A Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum A Gulls terns and skimmers editOrder Charadriiformes Family LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds the gulls terns and skimmers They are typically grey or white often with black markings on the head or wings They have stout longish bills and webbed feet Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage often with black markings on the head Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water Terns are generally long lived birds with several species known to live in excess of 30 years Aleutian tern Onychoprion aleuticus A American herring gull Larus smithsonianus A Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea Armenian gull Larus armenicus Audouin s gull Ichthyaetus audouinii Black headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Black tern Chlidonias niger Bonaparte s gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia A Bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus A Brown noddy Anous stolidus A Cabot s tern Thalasseus acuflavidus A Caspian gull Larus cachinnans Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia Common gull Larus canus Common tern Sterna hirundo Elegant tern Thalasseus elegans A European herring gull Larus argentatus Forster s tern Sterna forsteri A Franklin s gull Leucophaeus pipixcan A Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus Glaucous winged gull Larus glaucescens A Great black backed gull Larus marinus Grey headed gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus A Gull billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica Iceland gull Larus glaucoides Ivory gull Pagophila eburnea Kelp gull Larus dominicanus A Laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla A Least tern Sternula antillarum A Lesser black backed gull Larus fuscus Lesser crested tern Thalasseus bengalensis A Little gull Hydrocoloeus minutus Little tern Sternula albifrons Mediterranean gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus Pallas s gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus Ring billed gull Larus delawarensis A Roseate tern Sterna dougallii Ross s gull Rhodostethia rosea A Royal tern Thalasseus maximus A Sabine s gull Xema sabini Sandwich tern Thalasseus sandvicensis Short billed gull Larus brachyrhynchus A Azores Slaty backed gull Larus schistisagus A Slender billed gull Chroicocephalus genei Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus A Vega gull Larus vegae A West African crested tern Thalasseus albididorsalis A Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida White eyed gull Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus A White winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus Yellow legged gull Larus michahellisSkuas editOrder Charadriiformes Family StercorariidaeThe family Stercorariidae are in general medium to large birds typically with grey or brown plumage often with white markings on the wings They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long distance migrants South polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki A Great skua Stercorarius skua Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus Parasitic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus Long tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudusAuks editOrder Charadriiformes Family AlcidaeAuks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black and white colours their upright posture and some of their habits however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly Auks live on the open sea only deliberately coming ashore to nest Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus A Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica Black guillemot Cepphus grylle Common murre Uria aalge Crested auklet Aethia cristatella A Great auk Pinguinus impennis Ext Horned puffin Fratercula corniculata A Little auk Alle alle Long billed murrelet Brachyramphus perdix A Parakeet auklet Aethia psittacula A Razorbill Alca torda Thick billed murre Uria lomvia Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata A Tropicbirds editOrder Phaethontiformes Family PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are a family of tropical pelagic seabirds They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes Red billed tropicbird Phaethon aethereus A White tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus A Azores Loons editOrder Gaviiformes Family GaviidaeLoons known as divers in Europe are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe They are the size of a large duck or small goose which they somewhat resemble when swimming but to which they are completely unrelated Black throated loon Gavia arctica Common loon Gavia immer Pacific loon Gavia pacifica A Red throated loon Gavia stellata Yellow billed loon Gavia adamsiiAustral storm petrels editOrder Procellariiformes Family OceanitidaeAustral storm petrels or southern storm petrels are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae part of the order Procellariiformes These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface typically while hovering Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat like Black bellied storm petrel Fregetta tropica A Madeira and Canary Islands White faced storm petrel Pelagodroma marina Madeira and Canary Islands elsewhere A Wilson s storm petrel Oceanites oceanicusAlbatrosses editOrder Procellariiformes Family DiomedeidaeThe albatrosses are among the largest flying birds with long narrow wings for gliding The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic Atlantic yellow nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos A Black browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris A Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena A Wandering albatross Diomedea exulans A Northern storm petrels editOrder Procellariiformes Family HydrobatidaeThe northern storm petrels are the smallest seabirds feeding on plankton and small fish picked from the surface typically while hovering They nest in colonies on the ground most often in burrows Band rumped storm petrel Hydrobates castro European storm petrel Hydrobates pelagicus Leach s storm petrel Hydrobates leucorhous Monteiro s storm petrel Hydrobates monteiroi Azores Swinhoe s storm petrel Hydrobates monorhis A Petrels shearwaters and diving petrels editOrder Procellariiformes Family ProcellariidaeThese are highly pelagic birds with long narrow wings and tube shaped nostrils They feed at sea on fish squid and other marine life They come to land to breed in colonies nesting in burrows or on cliffs Audubon s shearwater Puffinus lherminieri A Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus Barolo shearwater Puffinus baroli Azores Madeira and Canary Islands elsewhere A Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow A Black capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata A Boyd s shearwater Puffinus boydi A Canary Islands Bulwer s petrel Bulweria bulwerii Cape petrel Daption capense A Cape Verde shearwater Calonectris edwardsii A Canary Islands Madeira Cory s shearwater Calonectris borealis Desertas petrel Pterodroma deserta Madeira elsewhere A Fea s petrel Pterodroma feae A Canary Islands Great shearwater Ardenna gravis Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Scopoli s shearwater Calonectris diomedea Short tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris A Soft plumaged petrel Pterodroma mollis A Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea Southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus A Trindade petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana A Azores White chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis A Yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan Zino s petrel Pterodroma madeira Madeira Storks editOrder Ciconiiformes Family CiconiidaeStorks are large long legged long necked wading birds with long stout bills Storks are mute but bill clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years Many species are migratory Black stork Ciconia nigra White stork Ciconia ciconia Yellow billed stork Mycteria ibis A Frigatebirds editOrder Suliformes Family FregatidaeFrigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans All have predominantly black plumage long deeply forked tails and long hooked bills Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red gular pouch which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2 3 metres 7 5 ft the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird Ascension frigatebird Fregata aquila A Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens A Gannets and boobies editOrder Suliformes Family SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies Both groups are medium large coastal seabirds that plunge dive for fish Brown booby Sula leucogaster A Cape gannet Morus capensis A Azores Masked booby Sula dactylatra A Northern gannet Morus bassanus Red footed booby Sula sula A Cormorants and shags editOrder Suliformes Family PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are medium to large coastal fish eating seabirds Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage some species being black and white and a few being colourful Double crested cormorant Nannopterum auritum A European shag Gulosus aristotelis Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeusIbises and spoonbills editOrder Pelecaniformes Family ThreskiornithidaeA family of long legged long necked wading birds Ibises have long curved bills Spoonbills have a flattened bill wider at the tip African sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus I Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita reintroduced populations in Spain and Central Europe otherwise A Herons and bitterns editOrder Pelecaniformes Family ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the bitterns herons and egrets Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted unlike other long necked birds such as storks ibises and spoonbills American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus A Black crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Black headed heron Ardea melanocephala A Black heron Egretta ardesiaca A Chinese pond heron Ardeola bacchus A Dwarf bittern Ixobrychus sturmii A Canary Islands Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris Great blue heron Ardea herodias A Great egret Ardea alba Green heron Butorides virescens A Grey heron Ardea cinerea Intermediate egret Ardea intermedia A Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis A Little bittern Ixobrychus minutus Little blue heron Egretta caerulea A Little egret Egretta garzetta Purple heron Ardea purpurea Snowy egret Egretta thula A Squacco heron Ardeola ralloides Striated heron Butorides striata Tricolored heron Egretta tricolor A Azores Canary Islands Von Schrenck s bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus A Western cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Western reef heron Egretta gularis A Yellow crowned night heron Nyctanassa violacea A Pelicans editOrder Pelecaniformes Family PelecanidaePelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus Great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalusOsprey editOrder Accipitriformes Family PandionidaeThe osprey is a large migratory fish eating bird of prey It is mainly brown above and white below with long angled wings Osprey Pandion haliaetusHawks eagles and kites editOrder Accipitriformes Family AccipitridaeA family of birds of prey which includes hawks buzzards eagles kites and harriers These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey strong legs powerful talons and keen eyesight Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus A Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus A Bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus Black kite Milvus migrans Black winged kite Elanus caeruleus Bonelli s eagle Aquila fasciata Booted eagle Hieraaetus pennatus Cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus Common buzzard Buteo buteo Crested honey buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus A Eastern imperial eagle Aquila heliaca Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus Eurasian goshawk Accipiter gentilis Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos Greater spotted eagle Clanga clanga Griffon vulture Gyps fulvus Hen harrier Circus cyaneus Lappet faced vulture Torgos tracheliotos A Lesser spotted eagle Clanga pomarina Levant sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes Long legged buzzard Buteo rufinus Montagu s harrier Circus pygargus Northern harrier Circus hudsonius A Pallas s fish eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus A Pallid harrier Circus macrourus Red kite Milvus milvus Rough legged buzzard Buteo lagopus Ruppell s vulture Gyps rueppelli A Short toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus Spanish imperial eagle Aquila adalberti E Steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis Swallow tailed kite Elanoides forficatus A Azores Canary Islands Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus White backed vulture Gyps africanus A Yellow billed kite Milvus aegyptius A Canary Islands White tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicillaBarn owls editOrder Strigiformes Family TytonidaeBarn owls are medium sized to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart shaped faces They have long strong legs with powerful talons Western barn owl Tyto albaTypical owls editOrder Strigiformes Family StrigidaeOwls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes constituting 200 extant bird of prey species Most are solitary and nocturnal with some exceptions e g the northern hawk owl Owls hunt mostly small mammals insects and other birds although a few species specialize in hunting fish Boreal owl Aegolius funereus Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Eurasian scops owl Otus scops Great grey owl Strix nebulosa Little owl Athene noctua Long eared owl Asio otus Marsh owl Asio capensis A Northern hawk owl Surnia ulula Pharaoh eagle owl Bubo ascalaphus A Short eared owl Asio flammeus Snowy owl Bubo scandiacus Tawny owl Strix aluco Ural owl Strix uralensisHoopoes editOrder Bucerotiformes Family UpupidaeDistinctive birds with a long curved bill a crest and black and white striped wings and tail Eurasian hoopoe Upupa epopsRollers editOrder Coraciiformes Family CoraciidaeA small family of colourful medium sized birds with a crow like shape that feed mainly on insects Abyssinian roller Coracias abyssinicus A Canary Islands European roller Coracias garrulusKingfishers editOrder Coraciiformes Family AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium sized birds with large heads long pointed bills short legs and stubby tails Belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon A Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis A White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis A Bee eaters editOrder Coraciiformes Family MeropidaeA group of near passerine birds characterised by richly coloured plumage slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers Asian green bee eater Merops orientalis A Blue cheeked bee eater Merops persicus A European bee eater Merops apiasterWoodpeckers editOrder Piciformes Family PicidaeWoodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks short legs stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward while several species have only three toes Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks Black woodpecker Dryocopus martius European green woodpecker Picus viridis Eurasian three toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus Eurasian wryneck Jynx torquilla Great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major Grey headed woodpecker Picus canus Iberian green woodpecker Picus sharpei E Lesser spotted woodpecker Dryobates minor Middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius Northern flicker Colaptes auratus A Syrian woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus White backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos Yellow bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius A Falcons and caracaras editOrder Falconiformes Family FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey They differ from hawks eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons American kestrel Falco sparverius A Amur falcon Falco amurensis A Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus Eleonora s falcon Falco eleonorae Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus Lanner falcon Falco biarmicus Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni Merlin Falco columbarius Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Red footed falcon Falco vespertinus Saker falcon Falco cherrug Sooty falcon Falco concolor A African and New World parrots editOrder Psittaciformes Family PsittacidaeAt least three species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans Mitred parakeet Psittacara mitratus I Monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus I Red masked parakeet Psittacara erythrogenys I Old World parrots editOrder Psittaciformes Family PsittaculidaeAt least two species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans Alexandrine parakeet Psittacula eupatria I Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri I Tyrant flycatchers editOrder Passeriformes Family TyrannidaeA family from the Americas with very rare vagrants recorded in Western Europe Acadian flycatcher Empidonax virescens A Alder flycatcher Empidonax alnorum A Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus A Eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe A Eastern wood pewee Contopus virens A Azores Fork tailed flycatcher Tyrannus savana A Least flycatcher Empidonax minimus A Yellow bellied flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris A Western kingbird Tyrannus verticalis A Azores Bushshrikes editOrder Passeriformes Family MalaconotidaeBushshrikes occur almost exclusively in Africa They are similar in build and habits to shrikes hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush Black crowned tchagra Tchagra senegalus A Shrikes editOrder Passeriformes Family LaniidaeShrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns A typical shrike s beak is hooked like a bird of prey Brown shrike Lanius cristatus A Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor Iberian grey shrike Lanius meridionalis E Isabelline shrike Lanius isabellinus A Lesser grey shrike Lanius minor Long tailed shrike Lanius schach A Masked shrike Lanius nubicus Northern shrike Lanius borealis A Red backed shrike Lanius collurio Red tailed shrike Lanius phoenicuroides A Woodchat shrike Lanius senatorVireos greenlets and shrike babblers editOrder Passeriformes Family VireonidaeThe vireos are a group of small to medium sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia Philadelphia vireo Vireo philadelphicus A Red eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus A White eyed vireo Vireo griseus A Azores Yellow throated vireo Vireo flavifrons A Figbirds and orioles editOrder Passeriformes Family OriolidaeThe figbirds and orioles are medium sized passerines mostly with bright and showy plumage The females often have duller plumage than the males The beak is long slightly curved and hooked Orioles are arboreal and tend to feed in the canopy Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolusCrows and jays editOrder Passeriformes Family CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows ravens jays choughs magpies treepies nutcrackers and ground jays Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence Alpine chough Pyrrhocorax graculus Carrion crow Corvus corone Daurian jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus A Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Eurasian magpie Pica pica Hooded crow Corvus cornix Iberian magpie Cyanopica cooki E Northern raven Corvus corax Red billed chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Rook Corvus frugilegus Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Spotted nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes Western jackdaw Coloeus monedulaWaxwings editOrder Passeriformes Family BombycillidaeThe waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name These are arboreal birds of northern forests They live on insects in summer and berries in winter Bohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum A Tits and chickadees editOrder Passeriformes Family ParidaeThe Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills Some have crests They are adaptable birds with a mixed diet including seeds and insects African blue tit Cyanistes teneriffae Canary Islands elsewhere A Azure tit Cyanistes cyanus Coal tit Periparus ater Crested tit Lophophanes cristatus Eurasian blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Great tit Parus major Grey headed chickadee Poecile cinctus Marsh tit Poecile palustris Sombre tit Poecile lugubris Willow tit Poecile montanusPenduline tits editOrder Passeriformes Family RemizidaeThe penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits They are insectivores Black headed penduline tit Remiz macronyx Eurasian penduline tit Remiz pendulinusBearded reedling editOrder Passeriformes Family PanuridaeA single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family Bearded reedling Panurus biarmicusLarks editOrder Passeriformes Family AlaudidaeLarks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights Most larks are fairly dull in appearance Their food is insects and seeds Asian short toed lark Alaudala cheleensis A Bar tailed lark Ammomanes cinctura A Bimaculated lark Melanocorypha bimaculata A Black lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Calandra lark Melanocorypha calandra Crested lark Galerida cristata Dupont s lark Chersophilus duponti Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis Greater hoopoe lark Alaemon alaudipes A Greater short toed lark Calandrella brachydactyla Horned lark Eremophila alpestris Mediterranean short toed lark Alaudala rufescens Oriental skylark Alaudala cheleensis A Caucasus Thekla s lark Galerida theklae Turkestan short toed lark Alaudala heinei White winged lark Alauda leucoptera Woodlark Lullula arboreaBulbuls editOrder Passeriformes Family PycnonotidaeBulbuls are medium sized songbirds Some are colourful with yellow red or orange vents cheeks throats or supercilia but most are drab with uniform olive brown to black plumage Some species have distinct crests Common bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus I White eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis possibly I 4 Swallows and martins editOrder Passeriformes Family HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding They have a slender streamlined body long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking and the front toes are partially joined at the base American cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota A Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Common house martin Delichon urbicum Eurasian crag martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris Purple martin Progne subis A Red rumped swallow Cecropis daurica Sand martin Riparia riparia Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor A Cettia bush warblers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family CettiidaeCettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds It contains the typical bush warblers Cettia and their relatives Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa ranging into Oceania and Europe Cetti s warbler Cettia cettiBushtits editOrder Passeriformes Family AegithalidaeBushtits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails They make woven bag nests in trees Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects Long tailed tit Aegithalos caudatusLeaf warblers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family PhylloscopidaeLeaf warblers are small active insectivorous passerine birds They glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes They forage at various levels within forests from the top canopy to the understorey Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters Most are greenish or brownish above and off white or yellowish below Arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis Canary Islands chiffchaff Phylloscopus canariensis E Canary Islands Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus A Eastern Bonelli s warbler Phylloscopus orientalis Eastern crowned warbler Phylloscopus coronatus A Greenish warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Green warbler Phylloscopus nitidus A Hume s leaf warbler Phylloscopus humei A Iberian chiffchaff Phylloscopus brehmii Kamchatka leaf warbler Phylloscopus examinandus A Mountain chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus Caucasus Pale legged leaf warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes A Pallas s leaf warbler Phylloscopus proregulus Plain leaf warbler Phylloscopus neglectus A Radde s warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi A Sulphur bellied warbler Phylloscopus griseolus A Two barred warbler Phyloscopus plumbeitarsus A Western Bonelli s warbler Phylloscopus bonelli Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Yellow browed warbler Phylloscopus inornatusReed warblers Grauer s warbler and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family AcrocephalidaeThe species in this family are usually rather large warblers Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below They are usually found in open woodland reedbeds or tall grass The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings but also ranges far into the Pacific with some species in Africa Aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola Blyth s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Booted warbler Iduna caligata Common reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Eastern olivaceous warbler Iduna pallida Great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus Icterine warbler Hippolais icterina Moustached warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon Paddyfield warbler Acrocephalus agricola Marsh warbler Acrocephalus palustris Melodious warbler Hippolais polyglotta Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sykes s warbler Iduna rama Thick billed warbler Arundinax aedon A Upcher s warbler Hippolais languida A Western olivaceous warbler Iduna opaca Olive tree warbler Hippolais olivetorumGrassbirds and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family LocustellidaeGrassbirds are small insectivorous songbirds with tails that are usually long and pointed These birds occur mainly in Eurasia Africa and the Australian region They are less wren like than the typical shrub warblers Cettia but like these drab brownish or buffy all over Many have bold dark streaks on wings and or underside Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground they are perhaps the most terrestrial of the warblers Common grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia Gray s grasshopper warbler Helopsaltes fasciolatus A Lanceolated warbler Locustella lanceolata A Pallas s grasshopper warbler Helopsaltes certhiola A River warbler Locustella fluviatilis Savi s warbler Locustella luscinioidesCisticolas and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family CisticolidaeCisticolas are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance so the song is often the best identification guide These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation Zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidisSylviid babblers editOrder Passeriformes Family SylviidaeThe sylviid warblers are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds They mainly occur as breeding species as the common name implies in Europe Asia and to a lesser extent Africa Most are of generally undistinguished appearance but many have distinctive songs African desert warbler Curruca deserti A Asian desert warbler Curruca nana A Balearic warbler Curruca balearica E Barred warbler Curruca nisoria Common whitethroat Curruca communis Dartford warbler Curruca undata Desert whitethroat Curruca minula A Eastern Orphean warbler Curruca crassirostris Eastern subalpine warbler Curruca cantillans Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Garden warbler Sylvia borin Hume s whitethroat Curruca althaea A Lesser whitethroat Curruca curruca Marmora s warbler Curruca sarda Menetries s warbler Curruca mystacea A Moltoni s warbler Curruca subalpina Ruppell s warbler Curruca ruppeli Sardinian warbler Curruca melanocephala Spectacled warbler Curruca conspicillata Tristram s warbler Curruca deserticola A Western Orphean warbler Curruca hortensis Western subalpine warbler Curruca iberiaeParrotbills and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family ParadoxornithidaeParrotbills and their allies are small long tailed birds that typically inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats Most are native to East or Southeast Asia although a single species the wrentit is native to North America Introduced populations in Italy are thought to contain two parrotbill species although there is some uncertainty about the taxonomic identity of these populations 5 Ashy throated parrotbill Suthora alphonsiana I Vinous throated parrotbill Suthora webbiana I Laughingthrushes and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family LeiothrichidaeThe laughingthrushes are a family of Old World passerine birds They are diverse in size and coloration These are birds of tropical areas with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent Red billed leiothrix Leiothrix lutea I Goldcrests and kinglets editOrder Passeriformes Family RegulidaeThe kinglets and crests are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus The adults have coloured crowns giving rise to their name Common firecrest Regulus ignicapilla Goldcrest Regulus regulus Madeira firecrest Regulus madeirensis E Madeira Ruby crowned kinglet Corthylio calendula A Wrens editOrder Passeriformes Family TroglodytidaeThe wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs These birds have short wings and thin down turned bills Several species often hold their tails upright All are insectivorous Eurasian wren Troglodytes troglodytesNuthatches editOrder Passeriformes Family SittidaeNuthatches are small woodland birds They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first unlike other birds which can only go upwards Nuthatches have big heads short tails and powerful bills and feet Corsican nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi E Eastern rock nuthatch Sitta tephronota A Caucasus Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea Kruper s nuthatch Sitta krueperi A Red breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis A Western rock nuthatch Sitta neumayerWallcreeper editOrder Passeriformes Family TichodromidaeThe wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family which has stunning crimson grey and black plumage Wallcreeper Tichodroma murariaTreecreepers editOrder Passeriformes Family CerthiidaeTreecreepers are small woodland birds brown above and white below They have thin pointed down curved bills which they use to extricate insects from bark They have stiff tail feathers like woodpeckers which they use to support themselves on vertical trees Eurasian treecreeper Certhia familiaris Short toed treecreeper Certhia brachydactylaMockingbirds and thrashers editOrder Passeriformes Family MimidaeMedium sized passerine birds with long tails Some are notable for their ability to mimic sounds such as other birds songs Brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum A Grey catbird Dumetella carolinensis A Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos A Starlings and rhabdornis editOrder Passeriformes Family SturnidaeStarlings are small to medium sized passerine birds Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious Their preferred habitat is fairly open country They eat insects and fruit Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen Common starling Sturnus vulgaris Crested myna Acridotheres cristatellus I Daurian starling Agropsar sturninus A Rosy starling Pastor roseus Spotless starling Sturnus unicolorThrushes editOrder Passeriformes Family TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World They are plump soft plumaged small to medium sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores often feeding on the ground Many have attractive songs American robin Turdus migratorius A Black throated thrush Turdus atrogularis Common blackbird Turdus merula Dusky thrush Turdus eunomus A Eyebrowed thrush Turdus obscurus A Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Grey cheeked thrush Catharus minimus A Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus A Mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus Naumann s thrush Turdus naumanni A Red throated thrush Turdus ruficollis A Redwing Turdus iliacus Ring ouzel Turdus torquatus Scaly thrush Zoothera dauma A Siberian thrush Geokichla sibirica A Song thrush Turdus philomelos Swainson s thrush Catharus ustulatus A Tickell s thrush Turdus unicolor A Varied thrush Ixoreus naevius A Veery Catharus fuscescens A White s thrush Zoothera aurea A Wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina A Chats and Old World flycatchers editOrder Passeriformes Family MuscicapidaeOld World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World They are mainly small arboreal insectivores The appearance of these birds is highly varied but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls Amur stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri A Asian brown flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica A Atlas pied flycatcher Ficedula speculigera A Black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Black wheatear Oenanthe leucura Blue rock thrush Monticola solitarius Bluethroat Luscinia svecica Canary Islands stonechat Saxicola dacotiae E Collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis Common nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Common rock thrush Monticola saxatilis Cyprus wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca Dark sided flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica A Desert wheatear Oenanthe deserti A Eastern black eared wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca European robin Erithacus rubecula European stonechat Saxicola rubicola Finsch s wheatear Oenanthe finschii A Guldenstadt s redstart Phoenicurus erythrogastrus Caucasus Isabelline wheatear Oenanthe isabellina Kurdish wheatear Oenanthe xanthoprymna A Mediterranean flycatcher Muscicapa tyrrhenica Moussier s redstart Phoenicurus moussieri A Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Pied bush chat Saxicola caprata A Pied wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka Red breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva Red flanked bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus Red rumped wheatear Oenanthe moesta A Rufous tailed robin Larvivora sibilans A Rufous tailed scrub robin Cercotrichas galactotes Semicollared flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata Siberian blue robin Larvivora cyane A Siberian rubythroat Calliope calliope A Siberian stonechat Saxicola maurus Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata Taiga flycatcher Ficedula albicilla A Thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia Western black eared wheatear Oenanthe hispanica Whinchat Saxicola rubetra White crowned wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga A White throated robin Irania gutturalisDippers editOrder Passeriformes Family CinclidaeDippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas Europe and Asia They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements White throated dipper Cinclus cinclusOld World sparrows and snowfinches editOrder Passeriformes Family PasseridaeSparrows are small passerine birds In general sparrows tend to be small plump brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks Sparrows are seed eaters and they also consume small insects Dead Sea sparrow Passer moabiticus A Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus House sparrow Passer domesticus Italian sparrow Passer italiae Rock sparrow Petronia petronia Spanish sparrow Passer hispaniolensis White winged snowfinch Montifringilla nivalisWeavers and widowbirds editOrder Passeriformes Family PloceidaeThe weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches They are seed eating birds with rounded conical bills The males of many species are brightly coloured usually in red or yellow and black some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season Black headed weaver Ploceus melanocephalus I Yellow crowned bishop Euplectes afer I Waxbills munias and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family EstrildidaeThe estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills They are all similar in structure and habits but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns Black rumped waxbill Estrilda troglodytes I Common waxbill Estrilda astrild I Orange cheeked waxbill Estrilda melpoda I Red avadavat Amandava amandava I Scaly breasted munia Lonchura punctulata I Indigobirds and whydahs editOrder Passeriformes Family ViduidaeThe indigobirds and whydahs are finch like species native to Africa whose plumage is usually dominated by black or indigo All are obligate brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches One introduced species has established a population in Portugal Pin tailed whydah Vidua macroura I Accentors editOrder Passeriformes Family PrunellidaeThe accentors are in the only bird family Prunellidae which is completely endemic to the Palearctic They are small fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows Alpine accentor Prunella collaris Black throated accentor Prunella atrogularis A Dunnock Prunella modularis Radde s accentor Prunella ocularis A Siberian accentor Prunella montanella A Wagtails and pipits editOrder Passeriformes Family MotacillidaeThe Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails They include the wagtails longclaws and pipits They are slender ground feeding insectivores of open country Berthelot s pipit Anthus berthelotii E Madeira and Canary Islands Blyth s pipit Anthus godlewskii A Buff bellied pipit Anthus rubescens A Citrine wagtail Motacilla citreola Eastern yellow wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis A Eurasian rock pipit Anthus petrosus E Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Long billed pipit Anthus similis A Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis Olive backed pipit Anthus hodgsoni Paddyfield pipit Anthus rufulus A Pechora pipit Anthus gustavi Red throated pipit Anthus cervinus Richard s pipit Anthus richardi A Tawny pipit Anthus campestris Tree pipit Anthus trivialis Water pipit Anthus spinoletta Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava White wagtail Motacilla albaFinches and euphonias editOrder Passeriformes Family FringillidaeFinches are seed eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak usually conical and in some species very large All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings and most sing well Arctic redpoll Acanthis hornemanni Asian crimson winged finch Rhodopechys sanguineus A Caucasus Atlantic canary Serinus canaria E Azores Madeira and Canary Islands Azores bullfinch Pyrrhula murina E Azores Azores chaffinch Fringilla moreletti E Azores Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Canary Islands chaffinch Fringilla canariensis E Canary Islands Cape canary Serinus canicollis A Citril finch Carduelis citrinella Common linnet Linaria cannabina Common redpoll Acanthis flammea Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Corsican finch Carduelis corsicana E Eurasian bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Eurasian chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis European greenfinch Chloris chloris European serin Serinus serinus Evening grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina A Gran Canaria blue chaffinch Fringilla polatzeki E Canary Islands Great rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla Caucasus Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Lesser redpoll Acanthis cabaret E Madeira chaffinch Fringilla maderensis E Madeira Mongolian finch Bucanetes mongolicus A Pallas s rosefinch Carpodacus roseus A Parrot crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus Pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator Red crossbill Loxia curvirostra Red fronted serin Serinus pusillus A Scottish crossbill Loxia scotica E Siberian long tailed rosefinch Carpodacus sibiricus A Tenerife blue chaffinch Fringilla teydea E Canary Islands Trumpeter finch Bucanetes githagineus Twite Linaria flavirostris Two barred crossbill Loxia leucopteraLongspurs and snow buntings editOrder Passeriformes Family CalcariidaeThe Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalisBuntings editOrder Passeriformes Family EmberizidaeThe emberizids are a large family of passerine birds They are seed eating birds with distinctively shaped bills Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns Black faced bunting Emberiza spodocephala A Black headed bunting Emberiza melanocephala Chestnut bunting Emberiza rutila A Chestnut eared bunting Emberiza fucata A Cinereous bunting Emberiza cineracea Cirl bunting Emberiza cirlus Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Corn bunting Emberiza calandra Cretzschmar s bunting Emberiza caesia Grey necked bunting Emberiza buchanani A House bunting Emberiza sahari A Ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana Pallas s reed bunting Emberiza pallasi A Pine bunting Emberiza leucocephalos Red headed bunting Emberiza bruniceps Rock bunting Emberiza cia Rustic bunting Emberiza rustica Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Little bunting Emberiza pusilla Yellow breasted bunting Emberiza aureola Yellow browed bunting Emberiza chrysophrys A New World sparrows and bush tanagers editOrder Passeriformes Family PasserellidaeThe New World sparrows or American sparrows are a large family of seed eating passerine birds with distinctively finch like bills American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea A Dark eyed junco Junco hyemalis A Eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus A Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus A Lincoln s sparrow Melospiza lincolnii A Red fox sparrow Passerella iliaca A Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis A Song sparrow Melospiza melodia A White crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys A White throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis A Yellow breasted chat editOrder Passeriformes Family IcteriidaeThis species was historically placed in the wood warblers Parulidae but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there It was placed in its own family in 2017 Yellow breasted chat Icteria virens A Oropendolas orioles and blackbirds editOrder Passeriformes Family IcteridaeIcterids make up a family of small to medium sized often colorful New World passerine birds Most species have black as a predominant plumage color often enlivened by yellow orange or red The species in the family vary widely in size shape behavior and coloration Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula A Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus A Brown headed cowbird Molothrus ater A Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula A Red winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus A Yellow headed blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus A New World warblers editOrder Passeriformes Family ParulidaeA group of small often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World Most are arboreal and insectivorous American redstart Setophaga ruticilla A American yellow warbler Setophaga aestiva A Audubon s warbler Setophaga auduboni A Bay breasted warbler Setophaga castanea A Black and white warbler Mniotilta varia A Blackburnian warbler Setophaga fusca A Blackpoll warbler Setophaga striata A Black throated blue warbler Setophaga caerulescens A Black throated green warbler Setophaga virens A Blue winged warbler Vermivora cyanoptera A Canada warbler Cardellina canadensis A Cape May warbler Setophaga tigrina A Cerulean warbler Setophaga cerulea A Chestnut sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica A Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas A Connecticut warbler Oporornis agilis A Azores Golden winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera A Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina A Magnolia warbler Setophaga magnolia A Myrtle warbler Setophaga coronata A Northern parula Setophaga americana A Northern waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis A Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla A Palm warbler Setophaga palmarum A Prairie warbler Setophaga discolor A Azores Prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea A Azores Tennessee warbler Leiothlypis peregrina A Wilson s warbler Cardellina pusilla A Yellow throated warbler Setophaga dominica A Azores Cardinals and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family CardinalidaeCardinals are passerine birds found in North and South America They are also known as cardinal grosbeaks and cardinal buntings Blue grosbeak Passerina caerulea A Azores Dickcissel Spiza americana A Indigo bunting Passerina cyanea A Rose breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus A Scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea A Summer tanager Piranga rubra A See also editLists of birds by region The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding BirdsReferences edit BirdLife International European Red List of Birds 2021 PDF BirdLife International Retrieved 9 July 2023 IOC World Bird List International Ornithological Congress Forcina Giovanni Guerrini Monica van Grouw Hein Gupta Brij K Panayides Panicos Hadjigerou Pantelis Al Sheikhly Omar F Awan Muhammad N Khan Aleem A Zeder Melinda A Barbanera Filippo 17 March 2015 Impacts of biological globalization in the Mediterranean Unveiling the deep history of human mediated gamebird dispersal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 11 3296 3301 doi 10 1073 pnas 1500677112 PMC 4371972 Atahan Ali Yavuz Nizamettin Boyla Kerem Ali Around the Region 2017 1 Turkiye Kus Kayit Komitesi Retrieved 12 July 2023 Bacetti Nicola Fracasso Giancarlo Commissione Ornitologica Italiana COI 2021 CISO COI Check list of Italian birds 2020 Avocetta 45 21 82 doi 10 30456 AVO 2021 checklist en Retrieved 8 July 2023 Checklist of Birds of Europe Avibase LePage Denis 14 February 2020 Mullarney Killian Svensson Lars Zetterstrom Dan Grant Peter 2001 Birds of Europe Princeton University Press pp 74 5 ISBN 0 691 05054 6 BirdLife International 2004 Birds in the European Union a status assessment Crochet P A Joynt G 2015 AERC list of Western Palearctic birds July 2015 version Rouco M Copete J L De Juana E Gil Velasco M Lorenzo J A Martin M Mila B Molina B amp Santos D M 2019 Lista de las aves de Espana Edicion de 2019 SEO BirdLife Madrid Rafael Matias Paulo Catry Helder Costa Goncalo Elias Joao Jara C C Moore amp Ricardo Tome 2007 Lista sistematica das aves de portugal continental Anuario Ornitologico 5 74 132 2007 British Ornithologists Union 2017 The British List A Checklist of Birds of Britain 9th edition Ibis 160 190 240 Irish Rare Birds Committee 2015 The Irish list as on 31 December 2015 Overzicht van alle vogels waargenomen in Nederland Dutch Avifauna nl Belgian Rare Birds Committee 2014 Belgian official checklist Hellenic Rarities Committee 2016 List of the birds of Greece Yann Kolbeinsson 2011 List of Icelandic Bird Species Birdlife Suomi Finland Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset ei varpuslinnut non passerine birds of Finland Birdlife Suomi Finland Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset varpuslinnut passerine birds of Finland Netfugl dk Bird list of Denmark Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of birds of Europe amp oldid 1214826581, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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