fbpx
Wikipedia

Common reed warbler

August 18, 2023

The common reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds across Europe into the temperate western Palaearctic where it is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also a resident species over large parts of Africa.

Common reed warbler
Song recorded in Surrey, England
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Acrocephalidae
Genus: Acrocephalus
Species:
A. scirpaceus
Binomial name
Acrocephalus scirpaceus
(Hermann, 1804)
Subspecies

See text

Distribution
  Breeding range
  Resident year-round
  Passage
  Non-breeding range

Taxonomy

The common reed warbler was formally described in 1804 by the French naturalist Johann Hermann under the binomial name Turdus scirpaceus.[2] The type locality is Alsace.[3] The common reed warbler is now one of around 40 species placed in the genus Acrocephalus that was introduced by Johann Andreas Naumann and his son Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1811.[4] The genus name Acrocephalus is from Ancient Greek akros, "highest", and kephale, "head". It is possible that the Naumanns thought akros meant "sharp-pointed". The specific scirpaceus is from Latin and means "reed".[5]

Ten subspecies are recognised:[4]

  • A. s. scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804) – breeds in Europe to west Russia, Ukraine and west Turkey, northwest Africa, winters in west, central Africa
  • A. s. fuscus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) – breeds in north Egypt and central Turkey through the Middle East to southeast European Russia, north Iran, Kazakhstan and northwest China; winters in eastern and southern Africa
  • A. s. avicenniae Ash, Pearson, DJ, Nikolaus & Colston, 1989 – coasts of the Red Sea[6][7]
  • A. s. ammon Hering, Winkler & Steinheimer, 2016 – Oases along the Libya-Egypt border region[8]
  • A. s. ambiguus (Brehm, AE, 1857) – Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa
  • A. s. minor Lynes, 1923 – Sahel region from Senegal to west-central Sudan (Darfur)
  • A. s. cinnamomeus Reichenow, 1908 – west Ethiopia and south Somalia south through South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Mozambique; patchy distribution in west Africa from south Cameroon to possibly Niger and Mali
  • A. s. suahelicus Grote, 1926 – east Tanzania to east Mozambique and eastern South Africa
  • A. s. hallae White, CMN, 1960 – southwest Angola to southwest Zambia and south to western South Africa
  • A. s. baeticatus (Vieillot, 1817) – north Botswana and Zimbabwe to southern South Africa[9]

An older scientific name for the reed warbler was Acrocephalus streperus (Vieill.).[10]

The mostly resident Iberian and African subspecies are sometimes treated as a separate species, the African reed warbler (Acrocephalus baeticatus).[4][11][12]

Description

This is a medium-sized warbler, 13 cm (5.1 in) in length with a wing-span of 17–21 cm (6.7–8.3 in).[13] The adult has an unstreaked brown back and buff underparts. The forehead is flattened, and the bill is strong and pointed. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are richer buff below. The common reed warbler looks similar to the great reed warbler, but the great reed warbler is larger in size and has a stronger supercilium.

The song is a slow, chattering jit-jit-jit with typically acrocephaline whistles and mimicry added.

Song from Diaccia Botrona Marsh, Italy

Distribution and habitat

This small passerine bird is a species found almost exclusively in reed beds, usually with some bushes.

Behaviour and ecology

Food and feeding

Like most warblers, it is insectivorous, but will occasionally take plant material such as berries.[14]

Breeding

The males return to the breeding grounds two or three weeks before the females.[15] The species is usually monogamous.[16] The first eggs are laid at the end of April. The nest is usually placed in vegetation over water, especially in reeds of the genus Phragmites. The deep cylindrical cup nest is sited on average 65 cm (26 in)—range is between 20 and 140 cm (7.9 and 55.1 in)—above the surface of the water and is built entirely by the female. She takes four days to build the initial cup of grass, reed stems and leaves, and another three days to complete the lining of finer material including hair. The clutch contains three to five eggs that are laid daily. The eggs are very pale green with speckles and blotches of olive green or grey. On average they measure 18.4 mm × 13.6 mm (0.72 in × 0.54 in) and weigh 1.75 g (0.06 oz). They are incubated by both parents, beginning after the penultimate egg is laid. Only the female incubates at night. The eggs hatch after 9–12 days. The nestlings are fed and cared for by both parents. They fledge after 10–12 days but continue to be fed by their parents for another 10–14 days. Up to one third of pairs raise a second brood.[17]

The common reed warbler is one of the species that are brood parasitised by the common cuckoo.[18]

Gallery

  •  

    Placement of nest

  •  

    View of nest with clutch

  •  

    Reed warbler eggs

  •  

    Cuculus canorus canorus egg in a clutch of Acrocephalus scirpaceus - MHNT

  •  

    Common cuckoo chick fed by reed warbler adult

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Acrocephalus scirpaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22714722A155436305. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22714722A155436305.en. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  2. ^ Hermann, Johann (1804). Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur (in Latin). Argentorati [Strasbourg]: Amandum Koenig. pp. 202–203.
  3. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 62.
  4. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Bushtits, leaf warblers, reed warblers". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 30–31, 350. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ Ash, J.S.; Pearson, D.J.; Nikolaus, G.; Colston, P.R. (1989). "The mangrove reed warblers of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts, with description of a new subspecies of the African Reed Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 109: 36–43.
  7. ^ Babbington, J.; Boland, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Alsuhaibany, A.; Shirihai, H.; Schweizer, M. (2019). "Confirmation of Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae (Aves: Acrocephalidae) from mangroves on the Red Sea coast near Jazan, southwest Saudi Arabia". Zoology in the Middle East. 65 (3): 201–207. doi:10.1080/09397140.2019.1604470. S2CID 155777594.
  8. ^ Hering, J.; Winkler, H.; Steinheimer, F.D. (2016). "A new subspecies of Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Egypt". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 136: 101–128.
  9. ^ Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1817). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 11 (Nouvelle édition ed.). Paris: Deterville. p. 195.
  10. ^ For instance in Naumann, Johann Friedrich (1897). Naturgeschichte der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Vol. 2. OCLC 603365339 (all editions).; see also:   image on Wikimedia Commons.
  11. ^ Dyrcz, A.; Christie, D.A.; Garcia, E.F.J. (2020). Billerman, S.M.; Keeney, B.K.; Rodewald, P.G.; Schulenberg, T.S. (eds.). "Eurasian Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.eurwar1.01. S2CID 241415727. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  12. ^ Olsson, U.; Rguibi-Idrissi, H.; Copete, J.L.; Arroyo Matos, J.L.; Provost, P.; Amezian, M.; Alström, P.; Jiguet, F. (2016). "Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Eurasian/African reed warbler complex (Acrocephalus, Aves). Disagreement between morphological and molecular evidence and cryptic divergence: A case for resurrecting Calamoherpe ambigua Brehm 1857". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 102: 30–44. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.026. PMID 27233439.
  13. ^ Cramp 1992, p. 193.
  14. ^ Cramp 1992, pp. 198–201.
  15. ^ Cramp 1992, p. 203.
  16. ^ Cramp 1992, p. 201.
  17. ^ Cramp 1992, pp. 208–209.
  18. ^ Davies, N.B.; Brooke, M. De L. (1989). "An experimental study of co-evolution between the cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and its hosts. I. Host egg discrimination". Journal of Animal Ecology. 58 (1): 207–224. doi:10.2307/4995. JSTOR 4995. S2CID 56303051.

Sources

  • Cramp, Stanley; et al., eds. (1992). "Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler". Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. VI: Warblers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 193–212. ISBN 978-0-19-857509-2.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acrocephalus scirpaceus.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Acrocephalus scirpaceus.
  • Eurasian reed warbler videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
  • Avibase[permanent dead link]
  • Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze 2016-11-08 at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography

  • Kishkinev, D., Chernetsov, N., Pakhomov, A., Heyers, D., and Mouritsen, H. (2015). Eurasian reed warblers compensate for virtual magnetic displacement. Curr. Biol. 25, R822–R824

August 18, 2023
common, reed, warbler, common, reed, warbler, acrocephalus, scirpaceus, world, warbler, genus, acrocephalus, breeds, across, europe, into, temperate, western, palaearctic, where, migratory, wintering, saharan, africa, also, resident, species, over, large, part. The common reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus It breeds across Europe into the temperate western Palaearctic where it is migratory wintering in sub Saharan Africa It is also a resident species over large parts of Africa Common reed warbler source source Song recorded in Surrey EnglandConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily AcrocephalidaeGenus AcrocephalusSpecies A scirpaceusBinomial nameAcrocephalus scirpaceus Hermann 1804 SubspeciesSee textDistribution Breeding range Resident year round Passage Non breeding range Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour and ecology 4 1 Food and feeding 4 2 Breeding 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Sources 8 External links 9 BibliographyTaxonomy EditThe common reed warbler was formally described in 1804 by the French naturalist Johann Hermann under the binomial name Turdus scirpaceus 2 The type locality is Alsace 3 The common reed warbler is now one of around 40 species placed in the genus Acrocephalus that was introduced by Johann Andreas Naumann and his son Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1811 4 The genus name Acrocephalus is from Ancient Greek akros highest and kephale head It is possible that the Naumanns thought akros meant sharp pointed The specific scirpaceus is from Latin and means reed 5 Ten subspecies are recognised 4 A s scirpaceus Hermann 1804 breeds in Europe to west Russia Ukraine and west Turkey northwest Africa winters in west central Africa A s fuscus Hemprich amp Ehrenberg 1833 breeds in north Egypt and central Turkey through the Middle East to southeast European Russia north Iran Kazakhstan and northwest China winters in eastern and southern Africa A s avicenniae Ash Pearson DJ Nikolaus amp Colston 1989 coasts of the Red Sea 6 7 A s ammon Hering Winkler amp Steinheimer 2016 Oases along the Libya Egypt border region 8 A s ambiguus Brehm AE 1857 Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa A s minor Lynes 1923 Sahel region from Senegal to west central Sudan Darfur A s cinnamomeus Reichenow 1908 west Ethiopia and south Somalia south through South Sudan Uganda Kenya Zambia and Mozambique patchy distribution in west Africa from south Cameroon to possibly Niger and Mali A s suahelicus Grote 1926 east Tanzania to east Mozambique and eastern South Africa A s hallae White CMN 1960 southwest Angola to southwest Zambia and south to western South Africa A s baeticatus Vieillot 1817 north Botswana and Zimbabwe to southern South Africa 9 An older scientific name for the reed warbler was Acrocephalus streperus Vieill 10 The mostly resident Iberian and African subspecies are sometimes treated as a separate species the African reed warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus 4 11 12 Description EditThis is a medium sized warbler 13 cm 5 1 in in length with a wing span of 17 21 cm 6 7 8 3 in 13 The adult has an unstreaked brown back and buff underparts The forehead is flattened and the bill is strong and pointed The sexes are identical as with most warblers but young birds are richer buff below The common reed warbler looks similar to the great reed warbler but the great reed warbler is larger in size and has a stronger supercilium The song is a slow chattering jit jit jit with typically acrocephaline whistles and mimicry added source source Song from Diaccia Botrona Marsh ItalyDistribution and habitat EditThis small passerine bird is a species found almost exclusively in reed beds usually with some bushes Behaviour and ecology EditFood and feeding Edit Like most warblers it is insectivorous but will occasionally take plant material such as berries 14 Breeding Edit The males return to the breeding grounds two or three weeks before the females 15 The species is usually monogamous 16 The first eggs are laid at the end of April The nest is usually placed in vegetation over water especially in reeds of the genus Phragmites The deep cylindrical cup nest is sited on average 65 cm 26 in range is between 20 and 140 cm 7 9 and 55 1 in above the surface of the water and is built entirely by the female She takes four days to build the initial cup of grass reed stems and leaves and another three days to complete the lining of finer material including hair The clutch contains three to five eggs that are laid daily The eggs are very pale green with speckles and blotches of olive green or grey On average they measure 18 4 mm 13 6 mm 0 72 in 0 54 in and weigh 1 75 g 0 06 oz They are incubated by both parents beginning after the penultimate egg is laid Only the female incubates at night The eggs hatch after 9 12 days The nestlings are fed and cared for by both parents They fledge after 10 12 days but continue to be fed by their parents for another 10 14 days Up to one third of pairs raise a second brood 17 The common reed warbler is one of the species that are brood parasitised by the common cuckoo 18 Gallery Edit Placement of nest View of nest with clutch Reed warbler eggs Cuculus canorus canorus egg in a clutch of Acrocephalus scirpaceus MHNT Common cuckoo chick fed by reed warbler adultReferences Edit BirdLife International 2019 amended version of 2017 assessment Acrocephalus scirpaceus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T22714722A155436305 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T22714722A155436305 en Retrieved 25 January 2020 Hermann Johann 1804 Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur in Latin Argentorati Strasbourg Amandum Koenig pp 202 203 Mayr Ernst Cottrell G William eds 1986 Check list of Birds of the World Vol 11 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 62 a b c Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds January 2022 Bushtits leaf warblers reed warblers IOC World Bird List Version 12 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 12 June 2022 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 30 31 350 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Ash J S Pearson D J Nikolaus G Colston P R 1989 The mangrove reed warblers of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts with description of a new subspecies of the African Reed Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 109 36 43 Babbington J Boland C Kirwan G M Alsuhaibany A Shirihai H Schweizer M 2019 Confirmation of Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae Aves Acrocephalidae from mangroves on the Red Sea coast near Jazan southwest Saudi Arabia Zoology in the Middle East 65 3 201 207 doi 10 1080 09397140 2019 1604470 S2CID 155777594 Hering J Winkler H Steinheimer F D 2016 A new subspecies of Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Egypt Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 136 101 128 Vieillot Louis Jean Pierre 1817 Nouveau dictionnaire d histoire naturelle appliquee aux arts a l agriculture a l economie rurale et domestique a la medecine etc in French Vol 11 Nouvelle edition ed Paris Deterville p 195 For instance in Naumann Johann Friedrich 1897 Naturgeschichte der Vogel Mitteleuropas Vol 2 OCLC 603365339 all editions see also image on Wikimedia Commons Dyrcz A Christie D A Garcia E F J 2020 Billerman S M Keeney B K Rodewald P G Schulenberg T S eds Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus version 1 0 Birds of the World Ithaca NY USA Cornell Lab of Ornithology doi 10 2173 bow eurwar1 01 S2CID 241415727 Retrieved 26 August 2022 Olsson U Rguibi Idrissi H Copete J L Arroyo Matos J L Provost P Amezian M Alstrom P Jiguet F 2016 Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Eurasian African reed warbler complex Acrocephalus Aves Disagreement between morphological and molecular evidence and cryptic divergence A case for resurrecting Calamoherpe ambigua Brehm 1857 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102 30 44 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2016 05 026 PMID 27233439 Cramp 1992 p 193 Cramp 1992 pp 198 201 Cramp 1992 p 203 Cramp 1992 p 201 Cramp 1992 pp 208 209 Davies N B Brooke M De L 1989 An experimental study of co evolution between the cuckoo Cuculus canorus and its hosts I Host egg discrimination Journal of Animal Ecology 58 1 207 224 doi 10 2307 4995 JSTOR 4995 S2CID 56303051 Sources EditCramp Stanley et al eds 1992 Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa The Birds of the Western Palearctic Vol VI Warblers Oxford Oxford University Press pp 193 212 ISBN 978 0 19 857509 2 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acrocephalus scirpaceus Wikispecies has information related to Acrocephalus scirpaceus Eurasian reed warbler videos photos amp sounds on the Internet Bird Collection Avibase permanent dead link Ageing and sexing PDF 2 3 MB by Javier Blasco Zumeta amp Gerd Michael Heinze Archived 2016 11 08 at the Wayback MachineBibliography EditKishkinev D Chernetsov N Pakhomov A Heyers D and Mouritsen H 2015 Eurasian reed warblers compensate for virtual magnetic displacement Curr Biol 25 R822 R824 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common reed warbler amp oldid 1152223833, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.