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Buttonquail

February 16, 2024

"Button quail" redirects here. For the species of true quail often known as button quail in aviculture, see king quail.

Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are not closely related to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in two genera, with most species placed in the genus Turnix and a single species in the genus Ortyxelos.

Buttonquail
Black-breasted buttonquail (Turnix melanogaster)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Turnicidae
Gray, GR, 1840
Type species
Tetrao gibraltaricus[1]
Gmelin, 1788
Genera
Distribution of the buttonquails

Buttonquails are small, drab, running birds, which avoid flying. The female is the more richly colored of the sexes. While the quail-plover is thought to be monogamous, Turnix buttonquails are sequentially polyandrous; both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but normally only the male incubates the eggs and tends the young, while the female may go on to mate with other males.

Taxonomy edit

The genus Turnix was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in Pierre Bonnaterre.[2] The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus Coturnix.[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the common buttonquail.[4]

The buttonquail family, Turnicidae, was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray.[5][6] The buttonquails were traditionally placed in Gruiformes or Galliformes (the crane and pheasant orders). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy elevated them to ordinal status as the Turniciformes and basal to other Neoaves either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of DNA-DNA hybridization or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequence data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds (Charadriiformes).[7][8][9] They seem to be an ancient group among these, as indicated by the buttonquail-like Early Oligocene fossil Turnipax and the collected molecular data.[9]

Description edit

The buttonquails are a group of small terrestrial birds. The smallest species is the quail-plover, the only species in the genus Ortyxelos, which is 10 cm (3.9 in) in length and weighs only 20 g (0.71 oz). The buttonquails in the genus Turnix range from 12 to 23 cm (4.7–9.1 in) in length and weigh between 30 and 130 g (1.1–4.6 oz). They superficially resemble the true quails of the genus Coturnix, but differ from them in lacking a hind toe and a crop. The females of this family also possess a unique vocal organ created by an enlarged trachea and inflatable bulb in the esophagus, which they use to produce a booming call.[10]

Breeding edit

Buttonquails are unusual in that females are serially polyandrous. The nest is a scape on the ground often near overhanging vegetation. The female lays a clutch of 4 or 5 eggs and then looks for a new mate. The male incubates the eggs which hatch synchronously after 12 to 15 days. The precocial chicks leave the nest soon after hatching and are cared for by the male. They can fly at two weeks of age and become independent at four weeks. For the smaller species sexual maturity is reached at three months.[10]

Species edit

Family: Turnicidae

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Alcidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ Bonnaterre, Pierre Joseph; Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1823). Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie (in French). Vol. Part 1. Paris: Panckoucke. pp. lxxxii, 5-6. Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (livraison) containing the description was published in 1791. See: Dickinson, E.C.; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011). Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 142.
  5. ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 63.
  6. ^ Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. Number 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 112, 178, 237.
  7. ^ Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268–78. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
  8. ^ Fain, Matthew G. & Houde, Peter (2004). (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558–73. doi:10.1554/04-235. PMID 15612298. S2CID 1296408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-07.
  9. ^ a b Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). "Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657–67. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011. PMID 16531074.
  10. ^ a b Debus, S.J.S. (1996). "Family Turnicidae (Buttonquails)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 44–59. ISBN 978-84-87334-20-7.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turnicidae.
  • Buttonquail videos on the Internet Bird Collection

February 16, 2024
buttonquail, button, quail, redirects, here, species, true, quail, often, known, button, quail, aviculture, king, quail, hemipodes, members, small, family, birds, turnicidae, which, resemble, closely, related, quails, phasianidae, they, inhabit, warm, grasslan. Button quail redirects here For the species of true quail often known as button quail in aviculture see king quail Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds Turnicidae which resemble but are not closely related to the quails of Phasianidae They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia Africa Europe and Australia There are 18 species in two genera with most species placed in the genus Turnix and a single species in the genus Ortyxelos ButtonquailBlack breasted buttonquail Turnix melanogaster Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder CharadriiformesFamily TurnicidaeGray GR 1840Type speciesTetrao gibraltaricus 1 Gmelin 1788GeneraTurnix Bonnaterre 1791Ortyxelos Vieillot 1825Distribution of the buttonquailsButtonquails are small drab running birds which avoid flying The female is the more richly colored of the sexes While the quail plover is thought to be monogamous Turnix buttonquails are sequentially polyandrous both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth but normally only the male incubates the eggs and tends the young while the female may go on to mate with other males Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Breeding 4 Species 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe genus Turnix was introduced in 1791 by French naturalist in Pierre Bonnaterre 2 The genus name is an abbreviation of the genus Coturnix 3 The type species was subsequently designated as the common buttonquail 4 The buttonquail family Turnicidae was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray 5 6 The buttonquails were traditionally placed in Gruiformes or Galliformes the crane and pheasant orders The Sibley Ahlquist taxonomy elevated them to ordinal status as the Turniciformes and basal to other Neoaves either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of DNA DNA hybridization or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both Morphological DNA DNA hybridization and sequence data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds Charadriiformes 7 8 9 They seem to be an ancient group among these as indicated by the buttonquail like Early Oligocene fossil Turnipax and the collected molecular data 9 Description editThe buttonquails are a group of small terrestrial birds The smallest species is the quail plover the only species in the genus Ortyxelos which is 10 cm 3 9 in in length and weighs only 20 g 0 71 oz The buttonquails in the genus Turnix range from 12 to 23 cm 4 7 9 1 in in length and weigh between 30 and 130 g 1 1 4 6 oz They superficially resemble the true quails of the genus Coturnix but differ from them in lacking a hind toe and a crop The females of this family also possess a unique vocal organ created by an enlarged trachea and inflatable bulb in the esophagus which they use to produce a booming call 10 Breeding editButtonquails are unusual in that females are serially polyandrous The nest is a scape on the ground often near overhanging vegetation The female lays a clutch of 4 or 5 eggs and then looks for a new mate The male incubates the eggs which hatch synchronously after 12 to 15 days The precocial chicks leave the nest soon after hatching and are cared for by the male They can fly at two weeks of age and become independent at four weeks For the smaller species sexual maturity is reached at three months 10 Species editFamily Turnicidae Genus Ortyxelos Quail plover Ortyxelos meiffrenii Genus Turnix Common buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus Tawitawi small buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus suluensis extinct mid 20th century Andalusian hemipode Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus possibly extinct late 20th century Red backed buttonquail Turnix maculosus Fynbos buttonquail Turnix hottentottus Black rumped buttonquail Turnix nanus Yellow legged buttonquail Turnix tanki Spotted buttonquail Turnix ocellatus Barred buttonquail Turnix suscitator Madagascar buttonquail Turnix nigricollis Black breasted buttonquail Turnix melanogaster Chestnut backed buttonquail Turnix castanotus Buff breasted buttonquail Turnix olivii Painted buttonquail Turnix varius Abrolhos painted buttonquail Turnix varius scintillans New Caledonian buttonquail Turnix novaecaledoniae possibly extinct early 20th century Worcester s buttonquail Turnix worcesteri Sumba buttonquail Turnix everetti Red chested buttonquail Turnix pyrrhothorax Little buttonquail Turnix veloxGallery edit nbsp Barred buttonquail Turnix suscitator nbsp Small buttonquail Turnix sylvatica nbsp Painted buttonquail Turnix varia nbsp Red chested buttonquail Turnix pyrrhothorax References edit Alcidae aviansystematics org The Trust for Avian Systematics Retrieved 2023 07 26 Bonnaterre Pierre Joseph Vieillot Louis Pierre 1823 Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature Ornithologie in French Vol Part 1 Paris Panckoucke pp lxxxii 5 6 Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section livraison containing the description was published in 1791 See Dickinson E C Overstreet L K Dowsett R J Bruce M D 2011 Priority The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology a Directory to the literature and its reviewers Northampton UK Aves Press p 78 ISBN 978 0 9568611 1 5 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 393 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Peters James Lee ed 1934 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 2 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 142 Gray George Robert 1840 A List of the Genera of Birds with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus London R and J E Taylor p 63 Bock Walter J 1994 History and Nomenclature of Avian Family Group Names Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Vol Number 222 New York American Museum of Natural History pp 112 178 237 Paton TA Baker AJ Groth JG Barrowclough GF 2003 RAG 1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29 2 268 78 doi 10 1016 S1055 7903 03 00098 8 PMID 13678682 Fain Matthew G amp Houde Peter 2004 Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds PDF Evolution 58 11 2558 73 doi 10 1554 04 235 PMID 15612298 S2CID 1296408 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 04 07 a b Paton TA Baker AJ 2006 Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG 1 tree Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 3 657 67 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2006 01 011 PMID 16531074 a b Debus S J S 1996 Family Turnicidae Buttonquails In del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J eds Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 3 Hoatzin to Auks Barcelona Spain Lynx Edicions pp 44 59 ISBN 978 84 87334 20 7 Sibley Charles Gald amp Ahlquist Jon Edward 1990 Phylogeny and classification of birds Yale University Press New Haven Conn External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turnicidae Buttonquail videos on the Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Buttonquail amp oldid 1194553235, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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