Hume's leaf warbler or Hume's warbler (Phylloscopus humei) is a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia. This warbler is migratory and winters mainly in India.
The English name and the specific humei bird commemorate Allan Octavian Hume, a British civil servant and ornithologist based in India. The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greekphullon, "leaf", and skopos, "seeker" (from skopeo, "to watch").[2] Like most similar songbirds, it was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
Hume's leaf warbler is one of the smallest "Old World warblers". Like most other leaf warblers, it has greenish upperparts and off-white underparts. With its long supercilium, crown stripe and yellow-margined tertial remiges, it is very similar to the yellow-browed warbler (P. inornatus). However, it has only one prominent light wing bar, just a faint vestige of the second shorter wing bar, and overall duller colours. It also has a dark lower mandible and legs.
Its song is buzzing and high-pitched. The best distinction from the yellow-browed warbler is the more disyllabic call. While the eastern and western Hume's leaf warblers already show noticeable differences in mtDNAsequence and calls, their songs do not differ; they are reproductively isolated only by allopatry and not usually considered separate species.[3]
Ecology and evolution
This is a common bird of mountain woodlands at altitudes of up to 3,500m ASL. It occurs from the Hindu Kush and Karakoram east and north to the Tien Shan in China and the Altay Mountains in Mongolia. The completely allopatricsubspeciesmandellii (Mandell's leaf warbler or eastern Hume's warbler) – sometimes separated as a full species, in which case the nominate subspecies is called western Hume's warbler – occurs on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.[4] Both populations migrate over the Himalayas to winter in India and adjacent regions. The species has also been recorded in the Kutch region.[5]
Particularly on autumn migration, this tiny warbler is prone to vagrancy as far as western Europe, despite a 3,000 km distance from its breeding grounds. It is a rare vagrant in late autumn and winter in Great Britain. Non-breeding adults may stray around a lot in summer, when Mandell's leaf warblers are fairly common summer visitors to subtropical and temperatemontanehumid forests of Bhutan, around 2,000-3,500 m ASL and dominated by Bhutan fir (Abies densa) or by Himalayan hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) and rhododendrons, though the subspecies is not a regular breeder in that country.[6]
This bird is not shy, although its arboreal lifestyle and cryptic colours make it difficult to observe. It is constantly in motion. Like most "Old World warblers", this small passerine is insectivorous. The nest is built on the ground.
A common species in most of its wide range, Hume's leaf-warbler is not considered threatened by the IUCN.[7]
It was recently split from the yellow-browed warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus), based on differences in morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular characters. The western Hume's leaf warbler's range overlaps with that of the yellow-browed warbler in the western Sayan Mountains, but the species apparently do not hybridize. The divergence between the two species has been tentatively estimated at 2.5 million years ago (mya), and that between P. h. humei and P. h. mandelli at about 1 mya.[8]
Footnotes
^BirdLife International. (2016). "Phylloscopus humei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729514A95017938. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729514A95017938.en. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
^Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 196, 305. ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
^Alström & Olsson (1988), Shirihai & Madge (1993), Ernst (1996), Irwin et al. (2001), Sangster et al. (2002)
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phylloscopus humei.
Alström, Per (2006): Species concepts and their application: insights from the genera Seicercus and Phylloscopus. Acta Zoologica Sinica52(Supplement): 429–434.
Alström, Per & Olsson, U. (1988): Taxonomy of Yellow-browed Warblers. Brit. Birds81: 656–657.
Ernst, S. (1996): Zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelwelt des Östlichen Altai ["Second contribution regarding the avifauna of the Sayan Mountains"]. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin72, Suppl. Ann. Ornithol.20: 123–180 [Article in German].
Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim & Sherub (2000): The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan. Forktail14: 147–162.
Irwin, D.E.; Alström, Per; Olsson, U. & Benowitz-Fredericks, Z.M. (2001): Cryptic species in the genus Phylloscopus (Old World leaf warblers). Ibis143(2): 233–247. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2001.tb04479.x PDF fulltext
Price, Trevor & Jamdar, N. (1991): Breeding biology of the Yellow-browed leaf warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (humei) in Kashmir. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society88(1): 1–19.
Sangster, George; Knox, Alan G.; Helbig, Andreas J. & Parkin, David T. (2002): Taxonomic recommendations for European birds. Ibis144(1): 153–159. doi:10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x (HTML abstract)
Shirihai, H. & Madge, S. (1993): Identification of Hume's Yellow-browed Warbler. Birding World6: 439–443.
January 31, 2023
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Hume s leaf warbler or Hume s warbler Phylloscopus humei is a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia This warbler is migratory and winters mainly in India Hume s leaf warblerAt 10 000 ft ASL in Kullu district Himachal Pradesh India Conservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily PhylloscopidaeGenus PhylloscopusSpecies P humeiBinomial namePhylloscopus humei Brooks 1878 SubspeciesPhylloscopus humei humei Brooks 1878 Phylloscopus humei mandellii but see text Range of P humeiSynonymsPhylloscopus inornatus humei Brooks 1878 Phylloscopus inornatus mandellii but see text Phylloscopus mandellii but see text The English name and the specific humei bird commemorate Allan Octavian Hume a British civil servant and ornithologist based in India The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greek phullon leaf and skopos seeker from skopeo to watch 2 Like most similar songbirds it was formerly included in the Old World warbler assemblage Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology and evolution 3 Footnotes 4 ReferencesDescription Edit At Biskeri Thatch 11 000 ft ASL in Kullu district Himachal Pradesh India Hume s leaf warbler is one of the smallest Old World warblers Like most other leaf warblers it has greenish upperparts and off white underparts With its long supercilium crown stripe and yellow margined tertial remiges it is very similar to the yellow browed warbler P inornatus However it has only one prominent light wing bar just a faint vestige of the second shorter wing bar and overall duller colours It also has a dark lower mandible and legs Its song is buzzing and high pitched The best distinction from the yellow browed warbler is the more disyllabic call While the eastern and western Hume s leaf warblers already show noticeable differences in mtDNA sequence and calls their songs do not differ they are reproductively isolated only by allopatry and not usually considered separate species 3 Ecology and evolution EditThis is a common bird of mountain woodlands at altitudes of up to 3 500m ASL It occurs from the Hindu Kush and Karakoram east and north to the Tien Shan in China and the Altay Mountains in Mongolia The completely allopatric subspecies mandellii Mandell s leaf warbler or eastern Hume s warbler sometimes separated as a full species in which case the nominate subspecies is called western Hume s warbler occurs on the eastern Tibetan Plateau 4 Both populations migrate over the Himalayas to winter in India and adjacent regions The species has also been recorded in the Kutch region 5 Foraging in the understory in Kullu district Himachal Pradesh India Particularly on autumn migration this tiny warbler is prone to vagrancy as far as western Europe despite a 3 000 km distance from its breeding grounds It is a rare vagrant in late autumn and winter in Great Britain Non breeding adults may stray around a lot in summer when Mandell s leaf warblers are fairly common summer visitors to subtropical and temperate montane humid forests of Bhutan around 2 000 3 500 m ASL and dominated by Bhutan fir Abies densa or by Himalayan hemlock Tsuga dumosa and rhododendrons though the subspecies is not a regular breeder in that country 6 This bird is not shy although its arboreal lifestyle and cryptic colours make it difficult to observe It is constantly in motion Like most Old World warblers this small passerine is insectivorous The nest is built on the ground A common species in most of its wide range Hume s leaf warbler is not considered threatened by the IUCN 7 It was recently split from the yellow browed warbler Phylloscopus inornatus based on differences in morphology bioacoustics and molecular characters The western Hume s leaf warbler s range overlaps with that of the yellow browed warbler in the western Sayan Mountains but the species apparently do not hybridize The divergence between the two species has been tentatively estimated at 2 5 million years ago mya and that between P h humei and P h mandelli at about 1 mya 8 Footnotes Edit BirdLife International 2016 Phylloscopus humei IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22729514A95017938 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22729514A95017938 en Retrieved 7 October 2021 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 196 305 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Irwin et al 2001 Alstrom 2006 First record of the Hume s Leaf warbler Phylloscopus humei from Kachchh Gujarat India J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 107 1 61 62 2010 Inskipp et al 2000 BLI 2008 Alstrom amp Olsson 1988 Shirihai amp Madge 1993 Ernst 1996 Irwin et al 2001 Sangster et al 2002 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phylloscopus humei Alstrom Per 2006 Species concepts and their application insights from the genera Seicercus and Phylloscopus Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 Supplement 429 434 PDF fulltext Alstrom Per amp Olsson U 1988 Taxonomy of Yellow browed Warblers Brit Birds 81 656 657 Ernst S 1996 Zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelwelt des Ostlichen Altai Second contribution regarding the avifauna of the Sayan Mountains Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin 72 Suppl Ann Ornithol 20 123 180 Article in German Inskipp Carol Inskipp Tim amp Sherub 2000 The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park Bhutan Forktail 14 147 162 PDF fulltext Irwin D E Alstrom Per Olsson U amp Benowitz Fredericks Z M 2001 Cryptic species in the genus Phylloscopus Old World leaf warblers Ibis 143 2 233 247 doi 10 1111 j 1474 919X 2001 tb04479 x PDF fulltext Price Trevor amp Jamdar N 1991 Breeding biology of the Yellow browed leaf warbler Phylloscopus inornatus humei in Kashmir Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 88 1 1 19 Sangster George Knox Alan G Helbig Andreas J amp Parkin David T 2002 Taxonomic recommendations for European birds Ibis 144 1 153 159 doi 10 1046 j 0019 1019 2001 00026 x HTML abstract Shirihai H amp Madge S 1993 Identification of Hume s Yellow browed Warbler Birding World 6 439 443 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hume 27s leaf warbler amp oldid 1127167846, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
