The common buttonquail (Turnix sylvaticus), also called Kurrichane buttonquail, small buttonquail, or Andalusian hemipode is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble but are not closely related to the true quails.
The common buttonquail resembles the common quail. It has streaked sandy brown upperparts, buff underparts with black flank markings, and a plain face. In flight, a whitish wingbar contrasts with the grey wing. Sexes are similar, but immature birds are more spotted below. This tiny buttonquail is notoriously difficult to see. It is a small, 15 cm (5.9 in) long drab running bird, which avoids flying.
Distribution and habitatEdit
This species is resident from southern Spain and Africa through India and tropical Asia to Indonesia. It inhabits warm grasslands or scrub jungle and feeds on insects and seeds. This species avoids thick forest and hilly country, and lives by preference in cornfields and stretches of grassy plain though it may also be found in any type of low herbage and open scrub jungle.
BehaviourEdit
It skulks and is flushed with difficulty, rising often close by one's feet. When flushed it flies low over the ground and soon settles again, after which it is very difficult to put up a second time. The female calls with a deep hoom-hoom-hoom and the male replies kek-kek-kek.
The female initiates courtship and builds the ground nest. The male incubates the normally four speckled greyish eggs, and tends the young, which can run as soon as they are hatched. The nesting season is June to September. The nest is a slight pad of grass placed in a natural hollow in the ground where it is usually tucked away amongst the stems of a tuft of grass. Very occasionally the grass is bent over it in a sort of canopy.[6]
ConservationEdit
Widespread throughout its large range, the small buttonquail is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] However, the nominate subspecies which is distributed in the Mediterranean region is critically endangered. It disappeared from most of its range during the 20th century and is currently only present in Morocco after Spain officially declared the extinction of the species in 2018.[7][8][9] In 2021, the IUCN also declared the buttonquail extinct in Europe.[1] This makes it the first bird species to have become extinct in Europe since the Great Auk in 1852.
^Desfontaines, René Louiche (1789). "Mémoire sur quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux des côtes de Barbarie". Histoire de L'Académie Royale des Science (in French): 496-505 [500, Plate 13].
^Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 375. ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
^Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
^Whistler, Hugh (1949). Popular Handbook of Indian Birds. London: Gurney and Jackson.
^ Gutiérrez, C., Copete, J.L., Crochet, P.-A., Qninba, A. & Garrido, H. 2011. History, status and distribution of Andalusian Buttonquail in the WP.Dutch Birding 33: 75-93.
^ MaghrebOrnitho, 2018. Andalusian Buttonquail legally declared extinct in Spain. MaghrebOrnitho, Published on 9 November 2018.
^ Violani, C. G. & Massa, B. 1993. Extinction of the Andalusian Hemipode Turnix s. sylvatica (Desf.) in the Mediterranean region . Bull. Br. Ornithol. Cl. 113: 225-229.
Barlow, Clive; Wacher, Tim; Disley, Tony (1997). Birds of The Gambia. ISBN1-873403-32-1.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turnix sylvaticus.
Wikispecies has information related to Turnix sylvaticus.
BirdLife species factsheet for Turnix sylvaticus
Common buttonquail or Kurrichane buttonquail Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
Small Button-Quail photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
Interactive range map of Turnix sylvaticus at IUCN Red List maps
Audio recordings of Common buttonquail on Xeno-canto.
October 24, 2023
common, buttonquail, common, buttonquail, turnix, sylvaticus, also, called, kurrichane, buttonquail, small, buttonquail, andalusian, hemipode, buttonquail, small, family, birds, which, resemble, closely, related, true, quails, conservation, statusleast, concer. The common buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus also called Kurrichane buttonquail small buttonquail or Andalusian hemipode is a buttonquail one of a small family of birds which resemble but are not closely related to the true quails Common buttonquailConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Global Extinct IUCN 3 1 2 Europe Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClass AvesOrder CharadriiformesFamily TurnicidaeGenus TurnixSpecies T sylvaticusBinomial nameTurnix sylvaticus Desfontaines 1789 SynonymsTurnix sylvatica Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour 4 1 Breeding 5 Conservation 6 Gallery 7 References 8 External linksTaxonomy EditThe common buttonquail was formally described and illustrated in 1789 by the French botanist Rene Desfontaines under the binomial name Tetrao sylvaticus 3 The specific epithet sylvaticus is Latin meaning of the woods 4 The common buttonquail is now placed in the genus Turnix that was introduced in 1840 by Pierre Bonnaterre 5 Nine subspecies are recognised T s sylvaticus Desfontaines 1789 south Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa T s lepurana Smith A 1836 Africa south of the Sahara T s dussumier Temminck 1828 east Iran to Myanmar T s davidi Delacour amp Jabouille 1930 central Thailand to south China north Indochina and Taiwan T s bartelsorum Neumann 1929 Java and Bali T s whiteheadi Ogilvie Grant 1897 Luzon north Philippines T s celestinoi McGregor 1907 Bohol and Mindanao south Philippines T s nigrorum duPont 1976 Negros central west Philippines T s suluensis Mearns 1905 Sulu Archipelago south Philippines Description EditThe common buttonquail resembles the common quail It has streaked sandy brown upperparts buff underparts with black flank markings and a plain face In flight a whitish wingbar contrasts with the grey wing Sexes are similar but immature birds are more spotted below This tiny buttonquail is notoriously difficult to see It is a small 15 cm 5 9 in long drab running bird which avoids flying Distribution and habitat EditThis species is resident from southern Spain and Africa through India and tropical Asia to Indonesia It inhabits warm grasslands or scrub jungle and feeds on insects and seeds This species avoids thick forest and hilly country and lives by preference in cornfields and stretches of grassy plain though it may also be found in any type of low herbage and open scrub jungle Behaviour EditIt skulks and is flushed with difficulty rising often close by one s feet When flushed it flies low over the ground and soon settles again after which it is very difficult to put up a second time The female calls with a deep hoom hoom hoom and the male replies kek kek kek Breeding Edit nbsp Turnix sylvaticus MHNTThe female initiates courtship and builds the ground nest The male incubates the normally four speckled greyish eggs and tends the young which can run as soon as they are hatched The nesting season is June to September The nest is a slight pad of grass placed in a natural hollow in the ground where it is usually tucked away amongst the stems of a tuft of grass Very occasionally the grass is bent over it in a sort of canopy 6 Conservation EditWidespread throughout its large range the small buttonquail is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1 However the nominate subspecies which is distributed in the Mediterranean region is critically endangered It disappeared from most of its range during the 20th century and is currently only present in Morocco after Spain officially declared the extinction of the species in 2018 7 8 9 In 2021 the IUCN also declared the buttonquail extinct in Europe 1 This makes it the first bird species to have become extinct in Europe since the Great Auk in 1852 Gallery Edit nbsp Maharashtra India nbsp Painting by John Gould nbsp South Africa Kruger National Park nbsp South Africa Ithala Game ReserveReferences Edit a b c BirdLife International 2016 Turnix sylvaticus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22680500A90008182 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22680500A90008182 en Retrieved 1 November 2021 BirdLife International 2015 Turnix sylvaticus Europe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T22680500A59976610 Retrieved 1 November 2021 Desfontaines Rene Louiche 1789 Memoire sur quelques nouvelles especes d oiseaux des cotes de Barbarie Histoire de L Academie Royale des Science in French 496 505 500 Plate 13 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 375 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds July 2023 Buttonquail thick knees sheathbills plovers oystercatchers stilts painted snipes jacanas Plains wanderer seedsnipes IOC World Bird List Version 13 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 29 August 2023 Whistler Hugh 1949 Popular Handbook of Indian Birds London Gurney and Jackson Gutierrez C Copete J L Crochet P A Qninba A amp Garrido H 2011 History status and distribution of Andalusian Buttonquail in the WP Dutch Birding 33 75 93 MaghrebOrnitho 2018 Andalusian Buttonquail legally declared extinct in Spain MaghrebOrnitho Published on 9 November 2018 Violani C G amp Massa B 1993 Extinction of the Andalusian Hemipode Turnix s sylvatica Desf in the Mediterranean region Bull Br Ornithol Cl 113 225 229 Barlow Clive Wacher Tim Disley Tony 1997 Birds of The Gambia ISBN 1 873403 32 1 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turnix sylvaticus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Turnix sylvaticus BirdLife species factsheet for Turnix sylvaticus Common buttonquail or Kurrichane buttonquail Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds Turnix sylvaticus Avibase nbsp Common buttonquail media Internet Bird Collection Small Button Quail photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Interactive range map of Turnix sylvaticus at IUCN Red List maps Audio recordings of Common buttonquail on Xeno canto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common buttonquail amp oldid 1172830642, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
