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International recognition of Israel

January 01, 1970

See also: Foreign relations of Israel

The State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, and was admitted to the United Nations (UN) as a full member state on 11 May 1949.[1][2] As of December 2020, it has received diplomatic recognition from 165 (or 85%) of the 193 total UN member states, and also maintains bilateral ties with all of the Permanent Five. 28[a] member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition; others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing their recognition. Additionally, many non-recognizing countries have challenged Israel's existence—predominantly those in the Muslim world—due to significant animosity stemming from the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab–Israeli conflict.[3]

  State of Israel
  Countries that recognize Israel
  Countries that have withdrawn their recognition of Israel
  Countries that have suspended/cut bilateral ties with Israel
  Countries that have never recognized Israel

History

On 14 May 1948, the Israeli Declaration of Independence[4] formally established a Jewish state in part of the former British Mandate of Palestine, in accordance with the United Nations Partition Plan. The Arab League was opposed to any partition and to the establishment of Israel, and an Arab coalition jointly invaded the territory of the newly formed country one day after its independence, sparking the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Following Israel's establishment, the Israeli provisional government was established to govern the Yishuv; and while military operations were still in progress, it was promptly granted de facto recognition by the United States,[5][6] followed by Iran (which had voted against the Partition Plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first country to grant de jure recognition to Israel on 17 May 1948,[7] followed by Nicaragua, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland.[8] The United States extended de jure recognition after the first Israeli election,[9] on 31 January 1949.[10]

By the late 1960s, Israel had established diplomatic relations with almost all of the countries of Western Europe, North America, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa combined.

To put additional diplomatic, economic, and military pressure on Israel in the wake of the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, oil-producing Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on countries that had bilateral relations with Israel. As a result, many African and Asian countries broke off their ties with Israel. The Soviet Union also shifted its support in favour of the Arab cause against Israel during this time, leading most countries of the Eastern Bloc to sever diplomatic ties in 1967; these included the Soviet Union itself, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, such as the People's Republic of China and Mongolia, also did not establish relations with Israel. Diplomatic relations with these countries were restored or established following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and new countries that had gained independence after the Soviet Union's dissolution also recognised Israel in their own right.

On 1 September 1967, the then-eight members of the Arab League issued the Khartoum Resolution, which included three pledges that forbade recognition, peace, and negotiations with Israel. However, Egypt, Jordan, and Mauritania gradually recognized Israel, though Mauritania broke off ties and withdrew recognition in 2010. As part of the 2020 Abraham Accords, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco all established normalized bilateral ties with Israel.[11][12] Pressure was again exerted by the Arab League after the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, which led Cuba, Mali, and the Maldives to break off ties with Israel. Niger severed bilateral ties with Israel during the Second Intifada, and Venezuela broke off ties after the 2008–2009 Gaza War.

Following Israel's recognition of and entering into negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), many African, Asian, and Arab countries either restored or established diplomatic relations with Israel. The Vatican began a bilateral relationship with Israel in 1994. Some[which?] countries broke or suspended relations during the 2006 Lebanon War and after the blockade of the Gaza Strip.[citation needed] Although Guinea broke diplomatic ties with Israel in 1967, Israel's extensive support for Guinea during its fight against an Ebola virus epidemic led to the re-establishment of bilateral relations in 2016.[13] Nicaragua restored relations in March 2017; Chad did likewise in January 2019.[14] The most recent country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel was Bhutan, on 12 December 2020.[15]

United Nations membership

On 15 May 1948, one day after its independence, Israel applied for membership with the United Nations (UN), but the application was not acted on by the Security Council. Israel's second application was rejected by the Security Council on 17 December 1948 by a 5-to-1 vote, with 5 abstentions. Syria was the sole negative vote; the United States, Argentina, Colombia, the Soviet Union, and the Ukrainian SSR voted in favour; and Belgium, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, and France abstained.

Israel's application was renewed in 1949 after the first Israeli election. By Security Council Resolution 69 on 4 March 1949, the UN Security Council voted 9-to-1 in favour of Israeli membership, with Egypt voting against and the United Kingdom abstaining.[16] Those voting in favour were China, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, Argentina, Canada, Cuba, Norway, and the Ukrainian SSR.

On 11 May 1949, the UN General Assembly, by the requisite two-thirds majority of its then-58 members, approved the application to admit Israel to the UN by General Assembly Resolution 273.[17][18] The vote in the General Assembly was 37 to 12, with 9 abstentions. Those that voted in favour of Israel were: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, the Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, the Ukrainian SSR, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia. Those that voted against were six of the then-seven members of the Arab League (Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen) as well as Afghanistan, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Iran, and Pakistan. Those abstaining were: Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, El Salvador, Greece, Siam, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.[19] Many of the countries that voted in favour or had abstained had already recognized Israel before the UN vote, at least on a de facto basis. Of these countries, Cuba and Venezuela have since withdrawn recognition.

Present situation

 
Legend:
  Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport that contains Israeli stamps or visas

As of December 2020, 165 of the 193 total member states of the United Nations (UN) recognize Israel. 28 UN member states do not recognize Israel: 15 members of the Arab League (Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen); ten non-Arab members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan); and Cuba, North Korea, and Venezuela.[20] In 2002, the Arab League proposed the recognition of Israel by Arab countries as a pathway towards a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict under the Arab Peace Initiative. Following the Abraham Accords, which were signed in September 2020 between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, the Palestinian National Authority condemned any Arab agreement with Israel as dishonourable, describing them as a betrayal to the Palestinian cause and a blow to their quest for an independent Palestinian state.[21]

The passports of some countries are not valid for travel to Israel, including Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan. Thirteen countries do not accept Israeli passports: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen.[22] Some of these countries also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa or stamp on it. The stamp may be a visa stamp, or a stamp on entry or departure. Because of these issues, Israeli immigration controls do not stamp passports with an entry visa, instead stamping on a separate insert which is discarded on departure. However, a stamp of another country which indicates that the person has entered Israel may frustrate that effort. For example, if an Egyptian departure stamp is used in any passport at the Taba Border Crossing, that is an indication that the person entered Israel, and a similar situation arises for land crossings into Jordan. Some countries also ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel.[23] In August 2020, the United Arab Emirates permitted direct flights from Israel, and Saudi Arabia and Bahrain authorized overflights for such flights.[24] On 8 October 2020, Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries' airspace.[25]

The Israeli flag and national anthem were banned from the 2017 International Judo Federation (IJF) at Abu Dhabi, with Israeli contestants having to display the IJF's flag and anthem instead.[26] The ban on Israeli symbols was lifted in 2018 and the Israeli flag and national anthem were allowed to be displayed.[27] Miri Regev, the Israeli Minister of Culture and Sports, was also allowed to attend the October 2018 event in Abu Dhabi.[27] In December 2017, seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in the World Rapid Chess Championship and the World Blitz Chess Championship.[28]

List by country

Legend:[inconsistent][dubious – discuss]

States that that have never formally recognized Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have never formally recognized Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel
States that recognize Israel

UN member states

State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes
—   Afghanistan[29] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.
1   Albania — 16 April 1949[30] Diplomatic relations established on 20 August 1991.[31]
—   Algeria[32][33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
2   Andorra — 13 April 1994[34]
3   Angola — 16 April 1992[35] Date diplomatic relations established
4   Antigua and Barbuda — 22 June 1983[36] Date diplomatic relations established
5   Argentina — 14 February 1949[37]
6   Armenia — 4 April 1992[38] Date diplomatic relations established
7   Australia — 29 January 1949[39]
8   Austria 15 March 1949[40] 8 May 1956 Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959.[41]
9   Azerbaijan — 7 April 1992[42] Date diplomatic relations established.
10   Bahamas [when?] [when?]
11   Bahrain 11 September 2020[43] 15 September 2020[44] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations.[43]
—   Bangladesh[45][46] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Bangladeshi passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[22]
12   Barbados — 29 August 1967[47] Date diplomatic relations established
13   Belarus 11 May 1949[48] 26 May 1992[49] Date diplomatic relations established
14   Belgium — 15 January 1950[50]
15   Belize — 6 September 1984[51] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war.[52]
16   Benin — 5 December 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992.[54][55]
17   Bhutan[20] — 12 December 2020[56] Date diplomatic relations established
18   Bolivia 22 February 1949[57] 24 February 1949[58] Relations severed in January 2009,[59] and restored in November 2019.[60] Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war.[61]
19   Bosnia and Herzegovina — 26 September 1997[62] Date diplomatic relations established
20   Botswana [when?] [when?] Broke off relations in November 1973, restored in December 1993.
21   Brazil — 7 February 1949[63]
—   Brunei[20] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Brunei passports are not valid for travel to Israel[22]
22   Bulgaria — 4 December 1948 Relations severed on 10 June 1967, and restored on 3 May 1990.[64]
23   Burkina Faso — 5 July 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993.[54][55][65]
24   Burundi [when?] [when?] Relations severed in May 1973,[55] and restored in March 1995.
25   Cambodia — 30 August 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993.[66][67]
26   Cameroon — 15 September 1960[68] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973 and restored in August 1986.[55][69]
27   Canada — 11 May 1949[48][70]
28   Cape Verde — 17 July 1994[71] Date diplomatic relations established
29   Central African Republic [when?] [when?] Relations were broken in October 1973,[55] were resumed in January 1991.
30   Chad — 10 January 1961 Relations were established in 1961, but severed on 28 November 1972.[55][72] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations.[73] Relations restored on 20 January 2019.[14]
31   Chile — 11 May 1949[74]
32   China — 24 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949.[57] The two states maintained diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992.[75]
33   Colombia — 1 February 1949[57]
—   Comoros[20] — —
34   Costa Rica — 19 June 1948[76]
35   Croatia — 4 September 1997[77] Date diplomatic relations established
—   Cuba 14 January 1949 18 April 1949[78] Cuba severed relations in September 1973,[79] and the most recent government does not recognize it.[80]
36   Cyprus — 21 January 1961 Date diplomatic relations established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations.[81]
37   Czech Republic — 18 May 1948[82] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993.[83]
38   Democratic Republic of the Congo — 26 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Ties severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982.[55][84]
39   Denmark 2 February 1949[57] 12 July 1950[85]
—   Djibouti[20] — —
40   Dominica — January 1978[83] Date diplomatic relations established
41   Dominican Republic — 29 December 1948[86]
42   East Timor[87] — 29 August 2002
43   Ecuador — 2 February 1949[57]
44   Egypt 19 November 1977[88] 26 March 1979[89] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Later became the first Arab state to recognize Israel, with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty.
45   El Salvador — 11 September 1948[90]
46   Equatorial Guinea [when?] [when?] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and resumed in January 1994.[91]
47   Eritrea — 6 May 1993[67][92] Date diplomatic relations established
48   Estonia — 9 January 1992[93] Date diplomatic relations established
49   Eswatini — September 1968[83]
50   Ethiopia — 24 October 1961[94] Prior to de jure recognition, Ethiopia maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in November 1989.
51   Federated States of Micronesia[95] — 23 November 1988 Date diplomatic relations established
52   Fiji — August 1970[83] Date diplomatic relations established
53   Finland[96] 11 June 1948[97] 18 March 1949
54   France — 24 January 1949[98]
55   Gabon[66] — 29 September 1993[99] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and resumed in September 1993.
56   Gambia — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in September 1992
57   Georgia — 1 June 1992[100] Date diplomatic relations established
58   Germany 10 September 1952 (West Germany before 3 October 1990)[101] 12 May 1965[102] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this, Germany signed the Reparations agreement with Israel. East Germany never had diplomatic relations with Israel during its existence.
59   Ghana — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in August 1994
60   Greece[94] 15 March 1949 21 May 1990[103] Date diplomatic relations established
61   Grenada — January 1975[83] Date diplomatic relations established
62   Guatemala — 19 May 1948[82]
63   Guinea — [when?] Broke diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967,[55] and restored relations on July 20, 2016.[13]
64   Guinea-Bissau — March 1994[83] Date diplomatic relations established
65   Guyana — [when?] Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
66   Haiti 26 February 1949[57] January 1950[83] Date diplomatic relations established
67   Honduras[86][104] 11 September 1948 8 November 1948[99]
68   Hungary[105] 24 May 1948 1 June 1948[97] Relations broken in 1967, and restored on 19 September 1989.[106]
69   Iceland 11 February 1949[57] [when?]
70   India — 17 September 1950[107]
—   Indonesia[46] — — Can[who?] only travel to Indonesia with an invitation from the Department of Immigration of Indonesia. Can only enter Indonesia through airports in Denpasar, Jakarta and Surabaya.[22]
—   Iran[108] 6 March 1950[108] —[108] Voted against UN Partition Plan and voted against admission of Israel to membership of UN. Iranian government refrained from recognizing Israel de jure despite de facto recognition.[108] Relations severed on 18 February 1979.[109] Does not accept Israeli passports,[22] and the holders of Iranian passports are "not entitled to travel to the occupied Palestine"[110]
—   Iraq[111] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, except for Iraqi Kurdistan where visa is required for passengers without a signed and stamped letter issued by the Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan Regional Government if arriving at Erbil (EBL) and Sulaymaniyah (ISU).[22] Iraqi passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[112]
71   Ireland[113] 12 February 1949 May 1963[113]
72   Italy[57] 8 February 1949 19 January 1950
73   Ivory Coast 15 February 1961 24 May 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in February 1986.[54][55]
74   Jamaica[99] January 1962 —
75   Japan — 15 May 1952[114]
76   Jordan — 26 October 1994[115] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Recognized Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
77   Kazakhstan — 10 April 1992[116] Date diplomatic relations established
78   Kenya — December 1963[99][117] Severed relation in November 1973,[55] resumed in December 1988.
79   Kiribati — 21 May 1984[118] Date diplomatic relations established
—   Kuwait[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
80   Kyrgyzstan — March 1992[99]
81   Laos — February 1957 Date diplomatic relations established. Laos broke off relations in 1973, and restored them on 6 December 1993.[119]
82   Latvia — 6 January 1992[120] Date diplomatic relations established
—   Lebanon[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports. Holders of passports containing any Israeli visa or stamp will be refused entry.[22]
83   Lesotho — [when?]
84   Liberia 11 February 1949[105] [when?] Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983.[54][55]
—   Libya[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
85   Liechtenstein — January 1992[99]
86   Lithuania — 8 January 1992[121] Date diplomatic relations established
87   Luxembourg 11 May 1949[48] 16 January 1950[122]
88   Madagascar — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in January 1994.
89   Malawi — July 1964[83] Date diplomatic relations established
—   Malaysia[46] — — Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government. Malaysian passports not valid for travel to Israel without permission from the government.[123]
—   Maldives — 29 October 1965[124] Diplomatic relations suspended in 1974.[125] Cooperation agreements in 2009 did not develop into full diplomatic relations[126][127][128] and were terminated in 2014.[129]
—   Mali[20] — [when?] Diplomatic relations severed 5 January 1973.[55]
90   Malta January 1965[99] December 1965[83] Date diplomatic relations established
91   Marshall Islands — 16 September 1987[130]
—   Mauritania — 28 October 1999[131] Diplomatic relations suspended 6 March 2009,[132] severed 21 March 2010[133]
92   Mauritius[66] — [when?] Diplomatic relations severed July 1976, restored September 1993.
93   Mexico 11 May 1949[48] 4 April 1952[134]
94   Moldova[135] — 22 June 1992
95   Monaco — January 1964[83]
96   Mongolia[136] — 2 October 1991
97   Montenegro[137] — 12 July 2006
98   Morocco[20][33] 1 September 1994[138] 10 December 2020 Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139] On 10 December 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations.[140]
99   Mozambique[66][67] — 23 July 1993
100   Myanmar[141] — 13 July 1953 Date full diplomatic relations established
101   Namibia[67][142] — 11 February 1994
102   Nauru[83] — December 1994
103   Nepal[143] — 1 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. First South Asian nation to establish diplomatic ties with Israel.
104   Netherlands 11 May 1949[48] 16 January 1950[122]
105   New Zealand 29 January 1949[57] 28 July 1950[144]
106   Nicaragua — 18 May 1948[86] Diplomatic relations suspended June 2010 and restored in March 2017.[145]
—   Niger[20] — — Relations severed on 4 January 1973.[53][55]
107   Nigeria[146] 1960 [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] were resumed in May 1992.
—   North Korea[147] — — North Korea and Israel held talks in 1993, but the talks were halted under pressure from the United States.[148] See Israel–North Korea relations for more details.
108   North Macedonia — 7 December 1995[83] Date diplomatic relations established
109   Norway [when?] 4 February 1949 Date Norway recognized Israel
—   Oman January 1996[139] — A degree of relations established in January 1996. Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139] Accepts Israeli passports for transit only, does not accept for admission.[22]
—   Pakistan[149] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Pakistani passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[22]
110   Palau[66][67] — 2 October 1994
111   Panama — 19 June 1948[76]
112   Papua New Guinea — 1978[150]
113   Paraguay 6 September 1948[86] 7 September 1948[151]
114   Peru — 9 February 1949[57]
115   Philippines 11 May 1949[48] 13 May 1957[152]
116   Poland — 18 May 1948[82] Relations were broken in 1967, restored in February 1990.[153]
117   Portugal[154] 12 May 1977 [when?]
—   Qatar[20] April 1996[83] — In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.[155] Trade offices closed in February 2009.[83]
Israeli-issued passports are not allowed in Qatar. The only time Israel was allowed was during the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[156][157]
118   Republic of the Congo — 9 November 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Broke relations on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
119   Romania[158] 11 June 1948 12 June 1948[97]
120   Russia — 17 May 1948[82][159][160] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations broken in 1967, restored on 19 October 1991.[161]
121   Rwanda — [when?] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and restored in October 1994.
122   Saint Kitts and Nevis — January 1984[83] Date diplomatic relations established
123   Saint Lucia — January 1979[83] Date diplomatic relations established
124   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — January 1981[83] Date diplomatic relations established
125   Samoa — June 1977[83] Date diplomatic relations established
126   San Marino[162] — 1 March 1995
127   São Tomé and Príncipe — November 1993[83] Date diplomatic relations established
—   Saudi Arabia[33][163] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
128   Senegal 1960[99] — Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in August 1994.
129   Serbia — 31 January 1992 Date diplomatic relations established[164]
130   Seychelles — September 1992[83] Date diplomatic relations established
131   Sierra Leone — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in May 1992.
132   Singapore[165] — 11 May 1969 Date diplomatic relations established
133   Slovakia — 18 May 1948[82] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993.[166]
134   Slovenia[167] — 28 April 1992
135   Solomon Islands — January 1989[83]
—   Somalia[168] — —
136   South Africa 24 May 1948[82] 14 May 1949[169][170]
137   Republic of Korea — 10 April 1962[171] Date diplomatic relations established
138   South Sudan[172] — 28 July 2011 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.[173]
139   Spain[174] 17 January 1986 [when?]
140   Sri Lanka[175] 16 September 1950 [when?]
141   Sudan 23 October 2020[176] — On 23 October 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations.[176]
142   Suriname — February 1976[83]
143   Sweden[57] 15 February 1949 13 June 1950[85]
144   Switzerland[177] 28 January 1949 18 March 1949[178]
—   Syria[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
145   Tajikistan — April 1992[83]
146   Tanzania — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in February 1995.
147   Thailand 26 September 1950[179] [when?]
148   Togo — [when?] Relations severed in September 1973,[55] and restored in June 1987.[54]
149   Tonga — June 1977[83] Date diplomatic relations established
150   Trinidad and Tobago[83] August 1962 —
—   Tunisia[33] 3 October 1994[67][180] —[181] Joint declaration of relations made in January 1996. Closed the Israeli representative office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139]
151   Turkey 28 March 1949[182] 12 March 1950[183] Downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level in September 2011,[184] and restored full diplomatic relations in June 2016.[185]
151   Turkmenistan[186] — 6 October 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
153   Tuvalu — July 1984[83] Date diplomatic relations established
154   Uganda — [when?] Broke relations on 30 March 1972,[55] and restored in July 1994.
155   Ukraine 11 May 1949[48] 26 December 1991[187]
156   United Arab Emirates 13 August 2020[188] 15 September 2020[44] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations.[188]
157   United Kingdom 13 May 1949[189] 28 April 1950[122]
158   United States 14 May 1948[6] 31 January 1949[190]
159   Uruguay — 19 May 1948[82] First Latin American country to recognize Israel.[191]
160   Uzbekistan[192] — 21 February 1992 Date full diplomatic relations established
161   Vanuatu[66][67] — 16 December 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
—   Venezuela — 27 June 1948[86] Relations severed in January 2009.[193]
162   Vietnam[194] — 12 July 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
—   Yemen[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
163   Zambia — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in December 1991.
164   Zimbabwe[66][67] — 26 November 1993 Date diplomatic relations established

Non-UN member states

State Date of recognition Notes
  Cook Islands[195] 2008
  Holy See[196] 15 June 1994
  Kosovo 4 September 2020 Kosovo recognised Israel as part of the Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements (2020).[197][198][199] Diplomatic relations established on February 1, 2021.[200][201]
  Niue[202] 2008
  State of Palestine[203] 1993 Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Recognized Israel as part of the Oslo I Accord.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Non-Muslim states:

    Muslim-majority states:

References

  1. ^ "un.org/en/members/ 3 July 2006".
  2. ^ . The United Nations. 11 May 1949. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Rossi, Michael; Pinos, Jaume Castan (2020-02-17). "Introduction to Inconvenient Realities: The Emergence and Resilience of Parastates". Nationalities Papers. 48 (1): 12–23. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.58. ISSN 0090-5992. S2CID 214574382. (p.12) Parastates are neither sovereign countries with limited recognition like Israel
  4. ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel: 14 May 1948: Retrieved 15 December 2013 21 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ End of Palestine mandate, The Times, 15 May 1948
  6. ^ a b "Milestones: 1945–1952 – Office of the Historian". Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  7. ^ Behbehani, Hashim S. H. (1986). The Soviet Union and Arab nationalism, 1917–1966. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7103-0213-7.
  8. ^ "Israel International Relations: International Recognition of Israel". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  9. ^ Press Release, 31 January 1949. Official File, Truman Papers 2017-12-07 at the Wayback Machine Truman Library
  10. ^ The Recognition of the State of Israel: Introduction 2019-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Truman Library
  11. ^ Schwartz, Felicia (23 October 2020). "Israel, Sudan Agree to Normalize Ties in U.S.-Brokered Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Morocco latest country to normalise ties with Israel in US-brokered deal". BBC News. 2020-12-10. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  13. ^ a b "Israel and Guinea renew diplomatic relations after 49 years". Haaretz Israel News. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  14. ^ a b Landau, Noa. "Israel, Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972". Haaretz. from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Israel and Bhutan establish diplomatic relations". Al Jazeera. 12 December 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Britain's Abstention on Israeli Membership Vote at U.N. Criticized at Poale Zion Papley". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  17. ^ Pike, John. "Israeli War of Independence". Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  18. ^ Neff, Donald. "Third Time's a Charm: Israel Admitted as U.N. Member in 1949". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (July 2011). American Educational Trust: 24. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
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January 01, 1970
international, recognition, israel, also, foreign, relations, israel, state, israel, formally, established, israeli, declaration, independence, 1948, admitted, united, nations, full, member, state, 1949, december, 2020, update, received, diplomatic, recognitio. See also Foreign relations of Israel The State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948 and was admitted to the United Nations UN as a full member state on 11 May 1949 1 2 As of December 2020 update it has received diplomatic recognition from 165 or 85 of the 193 total UN member states and also maintains bilateral ties with all of the Permanent Five 28 a member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing their recognition Additionally many non recognizing countries have challenged Israel s existence predominantly those in the Muslim world due to significant animosity stemming from the Israeli Palestinian conflict and the Arab Israeli conflict 3 State of Israel Countries that recognize Israel Countries that have withdrawn their recognition of Israel Countries that have suspended cut bilateral ties with Israel Countries that have never recognized Israel Contents 1 History 2 United Nations membership 3 Present situation 4 List by country 4 1 UN member states 4 2 Non UN member states 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesHistoryOn 14 May 1948 the Israeli Declaration of Independence 4 formally established a Jewish state in part of the former British Mandate of Palestine in accordance with the United Nations Partition Plan The Arab League was opposed to any partition and to the establishment of Israel and an Arab coalition jointly invaded the territory of the newly formed country one day after its independence sparking the 1948 Arab Israeli War Following Israel s establishment the Israeli provisional government was established to govern the Yishuv and while military operations were still in progress it was promptly granted de facto recognition by the United States 5 6 followed by Iran which had voted against the Partition Plan Guatemala Iceland Nicaragua Romania and Uruguay The Soviet Union was the first country to grant de jure recognition to Israel on 17 May 1948 7 followed by Nicaragua Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia and Poland 8 The United States extended de jure recognition after the first Israeli election 9 on 31 January 1949 10 By the late 1960s Israel had established diplomatic relations with almost all of the countries of Western Europe North America South America and Sub Saharan Africa combined To put additional diplomatic economic and military pressure on Israel in the wake of the 1967 Arab Israeli War oil producing Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on countries that had bilateral relations with Israel As a result many African and Asian countries broke off their ties with Israel The Soviet Union also shifted its support in favour of the Arab cause against Israel during this time leading most countries of the Eastern Bloc to sever diplomatic ties in 1967 these included the Soviet Union itself as well as Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary and Bulgaria Other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence such as the People s Republic of China and Mongolia also did not establish relations with Israel Diplomatic relations with these countries were restored or established following the collapse of the Soviet Union and new countries that had gained independence after the Soviet Union s dissolution also recognised Israel in their own right On 1 September 1967 the then eight members of the Arab League issued the Khartoum Resolution which included three pledges that forbade recognition peace and negotiations with Israel However Egypt Jordan and Mauritania gradually recognized Israel though Mauritania broke off ties and withdrew recognition in 2010 As part of the 2020 Abraham Accords the United Arab Emirates Bahrain Sudan and Morocco all established normalized bilateral ties with Israel 11 12 Pressure was again exerted by the Arab League after the 1973 Arab Israeli War which led Cuba Mali and the Maldives to break off ties with Israel Niger severed bilateral ties with Israel during the Second Intifada and Venezuela broke off ties after the 2008 2009 Gaza War Following Israel s recognition of and entering into negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization PLO many African Asian and Arab countries either restored or established diplomatic relations with Israel The Vatican began a bilateral relationship with Israel in 1994 Some which countries broke or suspended relations during the 2006 Lebanon War and after the blockade of the Gaza Strip citation needed Although Guinea broke diplomatic ties with Israel in 1967 Israel s extensive support for Guinea during its fight against an Ebola virus epidemic led to the re establishment of bilateral relations in 2016 13 Nicaragua restored relations in March 2017 Chad did likewise in January 2019 14 The most recent country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel was Bhutan on 12 December 2020 15 United Nations membershipOn 15 May 1948 one day after its independence Israel applied for membership with the United Nations UN but the application was not acted on by the Security Council Israel s second application was rejected by the Security Council on 17 December 1948 by a 5 to 1 vote with 5 abstentions Syria was the sole negative vote the United States Argentina Colombia the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR voted in favour and Belgium the United Kingdom Canada China and France abstained Israel s application was renewed in 1949 after the first Israeli election By Security Council Resolution 69 on 4 March 1949 the UN Security Council voted 9 to 1 in favour of Israeli membership with Egypt voting against and the United Kingdom abstaining 16 Those voting in favour were China France the United States the Soviet Union Argentina Canada Cuba Norway and the Ukrainian SSR On 11 May 1949 the UN General Assembly by the requisite two thirds majority of its then 58 members approved the application to admit Israel to the UN by General Assembly Resolution 273 17 18 The vote in the General Assembly was 37 to 12 with 9 abstentions Those that voted in favour of Israel were Argentina Australia Bolivia the Byelorussian SSR Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia the Dominican Republic Ecuador France Guatemala Haiti Honduras Iceland Liberia Luxembourg Mexico the Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Peru the Philippines Poland the Ukrainian SSR South Africa the Soviet Union the United States Uruguay Venezuela and Yugoslavia Those that voted against were six of the then seven members of the Arab League Egypt Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria and Yemen as well as Afghanistan Burma Ethiopia India Iran and Pakistan Those abstaining were Belgium Brazil Denmark El Salvador Greece Siam Sweden Turkey and the United Kingdom 19 Many of the countries that voted in favour or had abstained had already recognized Israel before the UN vote at least on a de facto basis Of these countries Cuba and Venezuela have since withdrawn recognition Present situation nbsp Legend Israel Countries that reject passports from Israel Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport that contains Israeli stamps or visasThis section may lend undue weight to certain ideas incidents or controversies Please help to create a more balanced presentation Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message May 2020 As of December 2020 update 165 of the 193 total member states of the United Nations UN recognize Israel 28 UN member states do not recognize Israel 15 members of the Arab League Algeria Comoros Djibouti Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Syria Tunisia and Yemen ten non Arab members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Afghanistan Bangladesh Brunei Indonesia Iran Malaysia Maldives Mali Niger and Pakistan and Cuba North Korea and Venezuela 20 In 2002 the Arab League proposed the recognition of Israel by Arab countries as a pathway towards a resolution of the Israeli Palestinian conflict under the Arab Peace Initiative Following the Abraham Accords which were signed in September 2020 between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain the Palestinian National Authority condemned any Arab agreement with Israel as dishonourable describing them as a betrayal to the Palestinian cause and a blow to their quest for an independent Palestinian state 21 The passports of some countries are not valid for travel to Israel including Bangladesh Brunei Iran Iraq and Pakistan Thirteen countries do not accept Israeli passports Algeria Bangladesh Brunei Iran Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Libya Malaysia Pakistan Saudi Arabia Syria and Yemen 22 Some of these countries also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa or stamp on it The stamp may be a visa stamp or a stamp on entry or departure Because of these issues Israeli immigration controls do not stamp passports with an entry visa instead stamping on a separate insert which is discarded on departure However a stamp of another country which indicates that the person has entered Israel may frustrate that effort For example if an Egyptian departure stamp is used in any passport at the Taba Border Crossing that is an indication that the person entered Israel and a similar situation arises for land crossings into Jordan Some countries also ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel 23 In August 2020 the United Arab Emirates permitted direct flights from Israel and Saudi Arabia and Bahrain authorized overflights for such flights 24 On 8 October 2020 Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries airspace 25 The Israeli flag and national anthem were banned from the 2017 International Judo Federation IJF at Abu Dhabi with Israeli contestants having to display the IJF s flag and anthem instead 26 The ban on Israeli symbols was lifted in 2018 and the Israeli flag and national anthem were allowed to be displayed 27 Miri Regev the Israeli Minister of Culture and Sports was also allowed to attend the October 2018 event in Abu Dhabi 27 In December 2017 seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in the World Rapid Chess Championship and the World Blitz Chess Championship 28 List by countryLegend inconsistent dubious discuss States that that have never formally recognized Israel and are in a state of war with Israel States that have never formally recognized Israel States that have withdrawn recognition from cut or suspended relations with Israel and are in a state of war with Israel States that have withdrawn recognition from cut or suspended relations with Israel States that recognize Israel UN member states State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes nbsp Afghanistan 29 Does not accept Israeli passports 1 nbsp Albania 16 April 1949 30 Diplomatic relations established on 20 August 1991 31 nbsp Algeria 32 33 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 2 nbsp Andorra 13 April 1994 34 3 nbsp Angola 16 April 1992 35 Date diplomatic relations established 4 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 22 June 1983 36 Date diplomatic relations established 5 nbsp Argentina 14 February 1949 37 6 nbsp Armenia 4 April 1992 38 Date diplomatic relations established 7 nbsp Australia 29 January 1949 39 8 nbsp Austria 15 March 1949 40 8 May 1956 Date diplomatic relations established Prior to that the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950 Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959 41 9 nbsp Azerbaijan 7 April 1992 42 Date diplomatic relations established 10 nbsp Bahamas when when 11 nbsp Bahrain 11 September 2020 43 15 September 2020 44 On 15 September 2020 an agreement was signed to normalize relations 43 nbsp Bangladesh 45 46 Does not accept Israeli passports and Bangladeshi passports are not valid for travel to Israel 22 12 nbsp Barbados 29 August 1967 47 Date diplomatic relations established 13 nbsp Belarus 11 May 1949 48 26 May 1992 49 Date diplomatic relations established 14 nbsp Belgium 15 January 1950 50 15 nbsp Belize 6 September 1984 51 Date diplomatic relations established Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel Hamas war 52 16 nbsp Benin 5 December 1961 53 Date diplomatic relations established Relations severed in October 1973 and resumed in July 1992 54 55 17 nbsp Bhutan 20 12 December 2020 56 Date diplomatic relations established 18 nbsp Bolivia 22 February 1949 57 24 February 1949 58 Relations severed in January 2009 59 and restored in November 2019 60 Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel Hamas war 61 19 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 September 1997 62 Date diplomatic relations established 20 nbsp Botswana when when Broke off relations in November 1973 restored in December 1993 21 nbsp Brazil 7 February 1949 63 nbsp Brunei 20 Does not accept Israeli passports and Brunei passports are not valid for travel to Israel 22 22 nbsp Bulgaria 4 December 1948 Relations severed on 10 June 1967 and restored on 3 May 1990 64 23 nbsp Burkina Faso 5 July 1961 53 Date diplomatic relations established Relations severed in October 1973 and re established in October 1993 54 55 65 24 nbsp Burundi when when Relations severed in May 1973 55 and restored in March 1995 25 nbsp Cambodia 30 August 1960 Date diplomatic relations established Cambodia broke off relations in 1975 they were restored on 5 October 1993 66 67 26 nbsp Cameroon 15 September 1960 68 Date diplomatic relations established Relations severed in October 1973 and restored in August 1986 55 69 27 nbsp Canada 11 May 1949 48 70 28 nbsp Cape Verde 17 July 1994 71 Date diplomatic relations established 29 nbsp Central African Republic when when Relations were broken in October 1973 55 were resumed in January 1991 30 nbsp Chad 10 January 1961 Relations were established in 1961 but severed on 28 November 1972 55 72 In 2005 reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations 73 Relations restored on 20 January 2019 14 31 nbsp Chile 11 May 1949 74 32 nbsp China 24 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949 57 The two states maintained diplomatic relations until Israel s recognition of the People s Republic of China on 8 January 1950 The PRC however did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992 75 33 nbsp Colombia 1 February 1949 57 nbsp Comoros 20 34 nbsp Costa Rica 19 June 1948 76 35 nbsp Croatia 4 September 1997 77 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Cuba 14 January 1949 18 April 1949 78 Cuba severed relations in September 1973 79 and the most recent government does not recognize it 80 36 nbsp Cyprus 21 January 1961 Date diplomatic relations established They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960 but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations 81 37 nbsp Czech Republic 18 May 1948 82 Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990 Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993 83 38 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 26 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established Ties severed on 4 October 1973 and restored on 13 May 1982 55 84 39 nbsp Denmark 2 February 1949 57 12 July 1950 85 nbsp Djibouti 20 40 nbsp Dominica January 1978 83 Date diplomatic relations established 41 nbsp Dominican Republic 29 December 1948 86 42 nbsp East Timor 87 29 August 2002 43 nbsp Ecuador 2 February 1949 57 44 nbsp Egypt 19 November 1977 88 26 March 1979 89 Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution 33 Later became the first Arab state to recognize Israel with the Egypt Israel peace treaty 45 nbsp El Salvador 11 September 1948 90 46 nbsp Equatorial Guinea when when Relations severed in October 1973 55 and resumed in January 1994 91 47 nbsp Eritrea 6 May 1993 67 92 Date diplomatic relations established 48 nbsp Estonia 9 January 1992 93 Date diplomatic relations established 49 nbsp Eswatini September 1968 83 50 nbsp Ethiopia 24 October 1961 94 Prior to de jure recognition Ethiopia maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956 Relations were broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in November 1989 51 nbsp Federated States of Micronesia 95 23 November 1988 Date diplomatic relations established 52 nbsp Fiji August 1970 83 Date diplomatic relations established 53 nbsp Finland 96 11 June 1948 97 18 March 1949 54 nbsp France 24 January 1949 98 55 nbsp Gabon 66 29 September 1993 99 Relations severed in October 1973 55 and resumed in September 1993 56 nbsp Gambia when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in September 1992 57 nbsp Georgia 1 June 1992 100 Date diplomatic relations established 58 nbsp Germany 10 September 1952 West Germany before 3 October 1990 101 12 May 1965 102 Date diplomatic relations established Prior to this Germany signed the Reparations agreement with Israel East Germany never had diplomatic relations with Israel during its existence 59 nbsp Ghana when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in August 1994 60 nbsp Greece 94 15 March 1949 21 May 1990 103 Date diplomatic relations established 61 nbsp Grenada January 1975 83 Date diplomatic relations established 62 nbsp Guatemala 19 May 1948 82 63 nbsp Guinea when Broke diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967 55 and restored relations on July 20 2016 13 64 nbsp Guinea Bissau March 1994 83 Date diplomatic relations established 65 nbsp Guyana when Broke off relations in March 1974 restored in March 1992 66 nbsp Haiti 26 February 1949 57 January 1950 83 Date diplomatic relations established 67 nbsp Honduras 86 104 11 September 1948 8 November 1948 99 68 nbsp Hungary 105 24 May 1948 1 June 1948 97 Relations broken in 1967 and restored on 19 September 1989 106 69 nbsp Iceland 11 February 1949 57 when 70 nbsp India 17 September 1950 107 nbsp Indonesia 46 Can who only travel to Indonesia with an invitation from the Department of Immigration of Indonesia Can only enter Indonesia through airports in Denpasar Jakarta and Surabaya 22 nbsp Iran 108 6 March 1950 108 108 Voted against UN Partition Plan and voted against admission of Israel to membership of UN Iranian government refrained from recognizing Israel de jure despite de facto recognition 108 Relations severed on 18 February 1979 109 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 and the holders of Iranian passports are not entitled to travel to the occupied Palestine 110 nbsp Iraq 111 Does not accept Israeli passports except for Iraqi Kurdistan where visa is required for passengers without a signed and stamped letter issued by the Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan Regional Government if arriving at Erbil EBL and Sulaymaniyah ISU 22 Iraqi passports are not valid for travel to Israel 112 71 nbsp Ireland 113 12 February 1949 May 1963 113 72 nbsp Italy 57 8 February 1949 19 January 1950 73 nbsp Ivory Coast 15 February 1961 24 May 1961 53 Date diplomatic relations established Prior to this date it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961 Relations severed in November 1973 and resumed in February 1986 54 55 74 nbsp Jamaica 99 January 1962 75 nbsp Japan 15 May 1952 114 76 nbsp Jordan 26 October 1994 115 Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution 33 Recognized Israel in the Israel Jordan peace treaty 77 nbsp Kazakhstan 10 April 1992 116 Date diplomatic relations established 78 nbsp Kenya December 1963 99 117 Severed relation in November 1973 55 resumed in December 1988 79 nbsp Kiribati 21 May 1984 118 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Kuwait 33 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 80 nbsp Kyrgyzstan March 1992 99 81 nbsp Laos February 1957 Date diplomatic relations established Laos broke off relations in 1973 and restored them on 6 December 1993 119 82 nbsp Latvia 6 January 1992 120 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Lebanon 33 Does not accept Israeli passports Holders of passports containing any Israeli visa or stamp will be refused entry 22 83 nbsp Lesotho when 84 nbsp Liberia 11 February 1949 105 when Relations severed in November 1973 and resumed in August 1983 54 55 nbsp Libya 33 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 85 nbsp Liechtenstein January 1992 99 86 nbsp Lithuania 8 January 1992 121 Date diplomatic relations established 87 nbsp Luxembourg 11 May 1949 48 16 January 1950 122 88 nbsp Madagascar when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in January 1994 89 nbsp Malawi July 1964 83 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Malaysia 46 Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government Malaysian passports not valid for travel to Israel without permission from the government 123 nbsp Maldives 29 October 1965 124 Diplomatic relations suspended in 1974 125 Cooperation agreements in 2009 did not develop into full diplomatic relations 126 127 128 and were terminated in 2014 129 nbsp Mali 20 when Diplomatic relations severed 5 January 1973 55 90 nbsp Malta January 1965 99 December 1965 83 Date diplomatic relations established 91 nbsp Marshall Islands 16 September 1987 130 nbsp Mauritania 28 October 1999 131 Diplomatic relations suspended 6 March 2009 132 severed 21 March 2010 133 92 nbsp Mauritius 66 when Diplomatic relations severed July 1976 restored September 1993 93 nbsp Mexico 11 May 1949 48 4 April 1952 134 94 nbsp Moldova 135 22 June 1992 95 nbsp Monaco January 1964 83 96 nbsp Mongolia 136 2 October 1991 97 nbsp Montenegro 137 12 July 2006 98 nbsp Morocco 20 33 1 September 1994 138 10 December 2020 Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000 139 On 10 December 2020 an agreement was announced to normalize relations 140 99 nbsp Mozambique 66 67 23 July 1993 100 nbsp Myanmar 141 13 July 1953 Date full diplomatic relations established 101 nbsp Namibia 67 142 11 February 1994 102 nbsp Nauru 83 December 1994 103 nbsp Nepal 143 1 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established First South Asian nation to establish diplomatic ties with Israel 104 nbsp Netherlands 11 May 1949 48 16 January 1950 122 105 nbsp New Zealand 29 January 1949 57 28 July 1950 144 106 nbsp Nicaragua 18 May 1948 86 Diplomatic relations suspended June 2010 and restored in March 2017 145 nbsp Niger 20 Relations severed on 4 January 1973 53 55 107 nbsp Nigeria 146 1960 when Relations broken in October 1973 55 were resumed in May 1992 nbsp North Korea 147 North Korea and Israel held talks in 1993 but the talks were halted under pressure from the United States 148 See Israel North Korea relations for more details 108 nbsp North Macedonia 7 December 1995 83 Date diplomatic relations established 109 nbsp Norway when 4 February 1949 Date Norway recognized Israel nbsp Oman January 1996 139 A degree of relations established in January 1996 Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000 139 Accepts Israeli passports for transit only does not accept for admission 22 nbsp Pakistan 149 Does not accept Israeli passports and Pakistani passports are not valid for travel to Israel 22 110 nbsp Palau 66 67 2 October 1994 111 nbsp Panama 19 June 1948 76 112 nbsp Papua New Guinea 1978 150 113 nbsp Paraguay 6 September 1948 86 7 September 1948 151 114 nbsp Peru 9 February 1949 57 115 nbsp Philippines 11 May 1949 48 13 May 1957 152 116 nbsp Poland 18 May 1948 82 Relations were broken in 1967 restored in February 1990 153 117 nbsp Portugal 154 12 May 1977 when nbsp Qatar 20 April 1996 83 In April 1996 Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices 155 Trade offices closed in February 2009 83 Israeli issued passports are not allowed in Qatar The only time Israel was allowed was during the 2022 FIFA World Cup 156 157 118 nbsp Republic of the Congo 9 November 1960 Date diplomatic relations established Broke relations on 31 December 1972 resumed in August 1991 119 nbsp Romania 158 11 June 1948 12 June 1948 97 120 nbsp Russia 17 May 1948 82 159 160 Recognition extended as the Soviet Union Relations broken in 1967 restored on 19 October 1991 161 121 nbsp Rwanda when Relations severed in October 1973 55 and restored in October 1994 122 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis January 1984 83 Date diplomatic relations established 123 nbsp Saint Lucia January 1979 83 Date diplomatic relations established 124 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines January 1981 83 Date diplomatic relations established 125 nbsp Samoa June 1977 83 Date diplomatic relations established 126 nbsp San Marino 162 1 March 1995 127 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe November 1993 83 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Saudi Arabia 33 163 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 128 nbsp Senegal 1960 99 Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in August 1994 129 nbsp Serbia 31 January 1992 Date diplomatic relations established 164 130 nbsp Seychelles September 1992 83 Date diplomatic relations established 131 nbsp Sierra Leone when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in May 1992 132 nbsp Singapore 165 11 May 1969 Date diplomatic relations established 133 nbsp Slovakia 18 May 1948 82 Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990 Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993 166 134 nbsp Slovenia 167 28 April 1992 135 nbsp Solomon Islands January 1989 83 nbsp Somalia 168 136 nbsp South Africa 24 May 1948 82 14 May 1949 169 170 137 nbsp Republic of Korea 10 April 1962 171 Date diplomatic relations established 138 nbsp South Sudan 172 28 July 2011 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established 173 139 nbsp Spain 174 17 January 1986 when 140 nbsp Sri Lanka 175 16 September 1950 when 141 nbsp Sudan 23 October 2020 176 On 23 October 2020 an agreement was announced to normalize relations 176 142 nbsp Suriname February 1976 83 143 nbsp Sweden 57 15 February 1949 13 June 1950 85 144 nbsp Switzerland 177 28 January 1949 18 March 1949 178 nbsp Syria 33 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 145 nbsp Tajikistan April 1992 83 146 nbsp Tanzania when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in February 1995 147 nbsp Thailand 26 September 1950 179 when 148 nbsp Togo when Relations severed in September 1973 55 and restored in June 1987 54 149 nbsp Tonga June 1977 83 Date diplomatic relations established 150 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 83 August 1962 nbsp Tunisia 33 3 October 1994 67 180 181 Joint declaration of relations made in January 1996 Closed the Israeli representative office and suspended relations in October 2000 139 151 nbsp Turkey 28 March 1949 182 12 March 1950 183 Downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level in September 2011 184 and restored full diplomatic relations in June 2016 185 151 nbsp Turkmenistan 186 6 October 1993 Date diplomatic relations established 153 nbsp Tuvalu July 1984 83 Date diplomatic relations established 154 nbsp Uganda when Broke relations on 30 March 1972 55 and restored in July 1994 155 nbsp Ukraine 11 May 1949 48 26 December 1991 187 156 nbsp United Arab Emirates 13 August 2020 188 15 September 2020 44 On 15 September 2020 an agreement was signed to normalize relations 188 157 nbsp United Kingdom 13 May 1949 189 28 April 1950 122 158 nbsp United States 14 May 1948 6 31 January 1949 190 159 nbsp Uruguay 19 May 1948 82 First Latin American country to recognize Israel 191 160 nbsp Uzbekistan 192 21 February 1992 Date full diplomatic relations established 161 nbsp Vanuatu 66 67 16 December 1993 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Venezuela 27 June 1948 86 Relations severed in January 2009 193 162 nbsp Vietnam 194 12 July 1993 Date diplomatic relations established nbsp Yemen 33 Does not accept Israeli passports 22 163 nbsp Zambia when Relations broken in October 1973 55 and resumed in December 1991 164 nbsp Zimbabwe 66 67 26 November 1993 Date diplomatic relations established Non UN member states State Date of recognition Notes nbsp Cook Islands 195 2008 nbsp Holy See 196 15 June 1994 nbsp Kosovo 4 September 2020 Kosovo recognised Israel as part of the Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements 2020 197 198 199 Diplomatic relations established on February 1 2021 200 201 nbsp Niue 202 2008 nbsp State of Palestine 203 1993 Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution 33 Recognized Israel as part of the Oslo I Accord See alsoBorders of Israel Foreign relations of Israel International recognition of the State of Palestine Legitimacy of Israel List of states with limited recognition Right to exist Self determinationNotes Non Muslim states 1 Cuba2 North Korea3 VenezuelaMuslim majority states 4 Afghanistan5 Algeria6 Bangladesh7 Brunei8 Comoros9 Djibouti10 Indonesia11 Iran12 Iraq13 Kuwait14 Lebanon15 Libya16 Malaysia17 Maldives18 Mali19 Mauritania20 Niger21 Oman22 Pakistan23 Qatar24 Saudi Arabia25 Somalia26 Syria27 Tunisia28 YemenReferences un org en members 3 July 2006 Two Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting The United Nations 11 May 1949 Archived from the original on 12 September 2007 Retrieved 13 July 2007 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Rossi Michael Pinos Jaume Castan 2020 02 17 Introduction to Inconvenient Realities The Emergence and Resilience of Parastates Nationalities Papers 48 1 12 23 doi 10 1017 nps 2019 58 ISSN 0090 5992 S2CID 214574382 p 12 Parastates are neither sovereign countries with limited recognition like Israel Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel 14 May 1948 Retrieved 15 December 2013 Archived 21 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine End of Palestine mandate The Times 15 May 1948 a b Milestones 1945 1952 Office of the Historian Retrieved 11 May 2021 Behbehani Hashim S H 1986 The Soviet Union and Arab nationalism 1917 1966 Routledge p 69 ISBN 978 0 7103 0213 7 Israel International Relations International Recognition of Israel Jewish Virtual Library Retrieved 31 March 2017 Press Release 31 January 1949 Official File Truman Papers Archived 2017 12 07 at the Wayback Machine Truman Library The Recognition of the State of Israel Introduction Archived 2019 02 08 at the Wayback Machine Truman Library Schwartz Felicia 23 October 2020 Israel Sudan Agree to Normalize Ties in U S Brokered Deal The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 12 December 2020 Morocco latest country to normalise ties with Israel in US brokered deal BBC News 2020 12 10 Retrieved 2020 12 13 a b Israel and Guinea renew diplomatic relations after 49 years Haaretz Israel News Retrieved 2016 07 20 a b Landau Noa Israel Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972 Haaretz Archived from the original on 20 January 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2019 Israel and Bhutan establish diplomatic relations Al Jazeera 12 December 2020 Retrieved 12 December 2020 Britain s Abstention on Israeli Membership Vote at U N Criticized at Poale Zion Papley Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2015 03 20 Retrieved 2023 11 16 Pike John Israeli War of Independence Retrieved 17 April 2016 Neff Donald Third Time s a Charm Israel Admitted as U N Member in 1949 Washington Report on Middle East Affairs July 2011 American Educational Trust 24 Retrieved 2011 11 25 United Nations Official Document www un org Archived from the original on March 5 2016 a b c d e f g h i H RES 1249 PDF United States Congress 5 June 2008 Since the publication of this document Mauritania and Venezuela severed relations with Israel and Bahrain Chad Guinea the United Arab Emirates Sudan and Morocco resumed or established relations Angered by Arab Israel ties PA quits chairing Arab League sessions The Jerusalem Post JPost com a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o International Air Transport Association IATA Travel Information Manual Countries with bans on flights to Israel International Ops 2020 OPSGROUP ops group Archived from the original on 20 October 2020 Retrieved 11 January 2022 Israel and UAE in historic direct flight following peace deal BBC News August 31 2020 Harkov Lahav 8 October 2020 Israel and Jordan sign historic airspace agreement The Jerusalem Post Young Henry 27 October 2017 Israeli judo star Tal Flicker wins gold in UAE officials refuse to play anthem CNN a b At a sporting event in an Arab capital an unexpected sound The Israeli national anthem The Washington Post 27 November 2018 Saudi chess tournament starts without Israeli players BBC News December 26 2017 Staff writers 9 January 2006 Kabul will forge Israel ties if Palestinians form State Karzai Pak Tribune Pakistan News Service Retrieved 2011 08 05 Govrin Yosef 2005 Annals of Israeli Albanian Contacts on Establishing Diplomatic Jewish Political Studies Review 17 3 4 Retrieved 24 September 2011 Albania and Israel in Accord To Establish Diplomatic Ties The New York Times 20 August 1991 Retrieved 4 August 2011 Lederer Edith M 14 December 2007 Israel signs condolence book to Algeria bombing victims despite no diplomatic relations The Associated Press Ambassador Dan Gillerman told Algeria does not recognize Israel and has not even made any steps towards normalizing its relations with Israel a b c d e f g h i j k l Khartoum Resolution 1 September 1967 League of Arab States Asia Government of Andorra Archived from the original on 31 July 2012 Retrieved 4 August 2011 Zionist Organization of America Jewish Agency for Israel 1993 Israel yearbook and almanac Vol 47 IBRT Translation Documentation Ltd a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Permanent Representative of Antigua and Barbuda to the United Nations Chronology of Antigua and Barbuda s bilateral relations Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 Retrieved 4 August 2011 Roth Cecil ed Encyclopaedia Judaica 1972 Volume 3 p 426 Israel Government of Armenia Archived from the original on 15 August 2011 Retrieved 4 August 2011 Ben Moshe Danny Segev Zohar 2007 Israel the Diaspora and Jewish identity Sussex Academic Press p 262 ISBN 978 1 84519 189 4 Albrich Thomas Zweig Ronald W 2002 Escape through Austria Jewish refugees and the Austrian route to Palestine Routledge ISBN 978 0 7146 5213 9 Government of Austria Bilateral Relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 2012 07 31 Retrieved 2011 10 16 15th anniversary of Israel Azerbaijan diplomatic relations PDF Government of Israel Retrieved 4 August 2011 a b Bahrain becomes latest Arab nation to recognize Israel AP NEWS 11 September 2020 Retrieved 2020 09 11 a b Holland Steve Spetalnick Matt 15 September 2020 In break with past UAE and Bahrain sign U S brokered deals with Israel Reuters Retrieved 15 September 2020 Freund Michael 21 September 2006 Bangladeshi Muslim editor faces death penalty for moderate views Retrieved 2011 10 16 a b c Staff writers 21 August 2006 Israeli troops shoot Hezbollah militants Cable News Network Archived from the original on 21 January 2012 Retrieved 2011 10 16 Israel has rejected the participation of three nations that have offered troops Indonesia Malaysia and Bangladesh Israel noted that the three do not recognize the existence of Israel List of countries with which Barbados has established diplomatic relations PDF Government of Barbados Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 4 August 2011 a b c d e f g A RES 273 III Admission of Israel to membership in the United Nations United Nations Bibliographic Information System Archived from the original on 2017 05 03 Retrieved 2011 09 25 Embassy of Belarus in Tel Aviv Belarus and Israel relations in Russian Retrieved 4 August 2011 Government of Belgium Diplomatic relations between Belgium and Israel Retrieved 4 August 2011 Encyclopaedia Judaica year book 1986 On September 6 the Foreign Ministry announced that Israel and Belize were establishing diplomatic relations Ehlinger Maija 2023 11 14 Belize suspends diplomatic ties with Israel renews call for immediate ceasefire CNN Retrieved 2023 11 16 a b c d Oron Yitzhak 1961 Middle East Record Vol 2 Moshe Dayan Center p 335 a b c d e Bilateral Relations Historical Overview in French Retrieved 5 August 2011 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Curtis Michael Gitelson Susan Aurelia 1976 Israel in the Third World Transaction Publishers p 312 ISBN 978 0 87855 603 8 ישראל כוננה יחסים רשמיים עם בהוטן Israel established official relations with Bhutan N12 in Hebrew 2020 12 12 Retrieved 2020 12 12 a b c d e f g h i j k 273 III Admission of Israel to membership in the United Nations United Nations General Assembly 1949 Facts on file yearbook Facts on File Inc 1950 Staff writers 15 January 2009 Bolivia cuts Israel ties over Gaza Al Jazeera Retrieved 2011 10 16 Landau Noa 28 November 2019 Bolivia Renews Diplomatic Relations With Israel After Over Decade of Severed Ties Haaretz Retrieved 2019 11 28 Ramos Daniel 1 November 2023 Bolivia severs ties with Israel others recall envoys over Gaza Reuters Retrieved 1 November 2023 Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina Lista zemalja koje su priznale Bosnu i Hercegovinu i datumi uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa in Bosnian Archived from the original on 19 December 2010 Retrieved 4 August 2011 Vigevani Tullo Kleinas Alberto 1999 Brasil Israel da partilha da Palestina ao reconhecimento diplomatico 1947 1949 PDF Cadernos Cedec in Portuguese CEDEC ISSN 0101 7780 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 27 July 2011 Government of Bulgaria Diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and Israel Retrieved 10 September 2020 Burkina Faso Fact File Institute for Security Studies Archived from the original on 2 April 2012 Retrieved 24 September 2011 a b c d e f g Israel yearbook and almanac 38 39 IBRT Translation Documentation Ltd 1994 a b c d e f g h Yaacobi Gad 1996 Breakthrough Israel in a changing world p 215 ISBN 9780845348581 Retrieved 2011 08 05 Oron Yitzhak ed 1960 Middle East Record Volume 1 1960 p 309 Retrieved 5 August 2011 Israel Cameroon Restore Ties After 13 Year Break Los Angeles Times 1986 08 27 Retrieved 2011 10 16 Canada Israel Diplomatic Relations Government of Canada 2009 Chronology of events June 1992 December 1994 Retrieved 2011 08 05 University of Dar es Salaam 1980 Taamuli 10 2 Department of Political Science East African Literature Bureau 12 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help See the following Melman Yossi 25 March 2005 Israel to renew ties with Chad after 33 years Haaretz Retrieved 2011 10 16 Staff writers 25 March 2005 Chad and Israel agree relations BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 2011 10 16 WikiLeaks 31 January 2010 Israel Chad relations on hold MFA denies any GOI meddling in Darfur Dazzlepod Archived from the original on 7 April 2012 Retrieved 2011 10 16 General Assembly Resolution 273 III Admission of Israel to membership in the United Nations A RES 273 III 11 May 1949 available from https unispal un org DPA DPR unispal nsf 0 83E8C29DB812A4E9852560E50067A5AC Abadi Jacob 2004 Israel s quest for recognition and acceptance in Asia Psychology Press pp 54 62 ISBN 978 0 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