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Group of 77

January 26, 2023

The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.[1] There were 77 founding members of the organization headquartered in Geneva, but it has since expanded to 134 member countries according to the organization.[a][2] Pakistan holds the chairmanship as of 2022.(Cuba- 2023)[3]

Group of 77
AbbreviationG77
Named afterNumber of founding Member States
Formation15 June 1964; 58 years ago (1964-06-15)
Founded atGeneva, Switzerland
TypeIntergovernmental voting bloc
PurposeTo provide a forum for developing nations to promote their economic interests
HeadquartersUnited Nations Headquarters
MethodsCollective bargaining, lobbying, reports and studies
FieldsInternational politics
Membership (2019)
134 Member States
Chair of the Group of 77
 Cuba
AffiliationsUnited Nations
WebsiteG77.org

The group was founded on 15 June 1964, by 77 non-aligned nations in the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).[4] The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967, where the Charter of Algiers was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun under the leadership of Raul Prebisch who had previously worked at ECLA.[5] There are Chapters of the Group of 77 in Geneva (UN), Rome (FAO), Vienna (UNIDO), Paris (UNESCO), Nairobi (UNEP) and the Group of 24 in Washington, D.C. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank).

Policies

The group was credited with a common stance against apartheid and for supporting global disarmament.[6] It has been supportive of the New International Economic Order.[6][7] It has been subject to criticism for its lacklustre support, or outright opposition, to pro-environmental initiatives, which the group considers secondary to economic development and poverty eradication initiatives.[6][8][9]

Members

 
Group of 77 countries as of 2013

As of 2020, the group comprises all of the UN member states (along with the U.N. observer State of Palestine), excluding the following countries:

  1. Members of the Council of Europe, except for Azerbaijan.
  2. Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area, except for Tajikistan.
  3. Members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, except for its three South American members.
  4. Two Pacific microstates: Palau and Tuvalu.
  5. Five Asian states: Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

Current founding members[10]

  1.   Afghanistan
  2.   Algeria
  3.   Argentina
  4.   Bangladesh
  5.   Benin[b]
  6.   Bolivia
  7.   Brazil
  8.   Burkina Faso[c]
  9.   Burundi
  10.   Cambodia
  11.   Cameroon
  12.   Central African Republic
  13.   Chad
  14.   Chile
  15.   Colombia
  16.   Congo
  17.   DR Congo
  18.   Costa Rica
  19.   Dominican Republic
  20.   Ecuador
  21.   Egypt[d]
  22.   El Salvador
  23.   Ethiopia
  24.   Gabon
  25.   Ghana
  26.   Guatemala
  27.   Guinea
  28.   Haiti
  29.   Honduras
  30.   India
  31.   Indonesia
  32.   Iran
  33.   Iraq
  34.   Jamaica
  35.   Jordan
  36.   Kenya
  37.   Kuwait
  38.   Laos
  39.   Lebanon
  40.   Liberia
  41.   Libya
  42.   Madagascar
  43.   Malaysia
  44.   Mali
  45.   Mauritania
  46.   Morocco
  47.   Myanmar[e]
  48.     Nepal
  49.   Nicaragua
  50.   Niger
  51.   Nigeria
  52.   Pakistan
  53.   Panama
  54.   Paraguay
  55.   Peru
  56.   Philippines
  57.   Rwanda
  58.   Saudi Arabia
  59.   Senegal
  60.   Sierra Leone
  61.   Somalia
  62.   Sri Lanka[f]
  63.   Sudan
  64.   Syria
  65.   Tanzania[g]
  66.   Thailand
  67.   Togo
  68.   Trinidad and Tobago
  69.   Tunisia
  70.   Uganda
  71.   Uruguay
  72.   Venezuela
  73.   Vietnam
  74.   Yemen

Other current members

  1.   Angola
  2.   Antigua and Barbuda
  3.   Azerbaijan
  4.   Bahamas
  5.   Bahrain
  6.   Barbados
  7.   Belize
  8.   Bhutan
  9.   Botswana
  10.   Brunei Darussalam
  11.   China[h]
  12.   Cabo Verde
  13.   Comoros
  14.   Côte D'Ivoire
  15.   Cuba
  16.   Djibouti
  17.   Dominica
  18.   Equatorial Guinea
  19.   Eritrea
  20.   Eswatini[i]
  21.   Fiji
  22.   The Gambia
  23.   Grenada
  24.   Guinea-Bissau
  25.   Guyana
  26.   Kiribati
  27.   Lesotho
  28.   Malawi
  29.   Maldives
  30.   Marshall Islands
  31.   Mauritius
  32.   Federated States of Micronesia
  33.   Mongolia
  34.   Mozambique
  35.   Namibia
  36.   North Korea
  37.   Nauru
  38.   Oman
  39.   Palestine
  40.   Papua New Guinea
  41.   Qatar
  42.   Saint Kitts and Nevis
  43.   Saint Lucia
  44.   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  45.   Samoa
  46.   São Tomé and Príncipe
  47.   Seychelles
  48.   Singapore
  49.   Solomon Islands
  50.   South Africa
  51.   South Sudan
  52.   Suriname
  53.   Tajikistan
  54.   East Timor
  55.   Tonga
  56.   Turkmenistan
  57.   United Arab Emirates
  58.   Vanuatu
  59.   Zambia
  60.   Zimbabwe

Former members

  1.   New Zealand signed the original "Joint Declaration of the Developing Countries" in October 1963 but pulled out of the group before the formation of the G77 in 1964 (it joined the OECD in 1973).
  2.   Mexico was a founding member but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1994. It had presided over the group in 1973–1974, 1983–1984; however, it is still a member of G-24.
  3.   South Korea was a founding member but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1996.
  4.   Yugoslavia was a founding member; by the late 1990s, it was still listed on the membership list, but it was noted that it "cannot participate in the activities of G77." It was removed from the list in late 2003.[citation needed] It had presided over the group from 1985 to 1986. Bosnia and Herzegovina was the last former Yugoslavian state to be a member of the G77 and is no longer a member as of 2019.
  5.   Cyprus was a founding member but was no longer listed on the official membership list after it acceded to the European Union in 2004.
  6.   Malta was admitted to the Group in 1976 but was no longer listed on the official membership list after it acceded to the European Union in 2004.
  7.   Palau joined the Group in 2002 but withdrew in 2004, having decided that it could best pursue its environmental interests through the Alliance of Small Island States.
  8.   Romania was classed as a Latin American country for the purposes of the G77, having joined in 1976.[11][12] The G77 was divided into geographical regions, and because there was technically no European area, Romania was placed under the umbrella of Latin America.[13] Romania left the G77 following its accession to the European Union.[14]

China

The Group of 77 lists China as one of its members.[2] The Chinese government provides consistent political support to the G77 and has made financial contributions to the Group since 1994, but it does not consider itself to be a member.[15] As a result, official statements of the G77 are delivered in the name of The Group of 77 and China or G77+China.[16]

Presiding countries

The following is the chain of succession of the chairmanship of the G77:[17]

 
Presiding countries of the G77 since 1970. Colors show the number of times a country has held the position. Gray = never, Yellow = once, Orange = twice, Red = three times
Presiding country Year
  India 1970–71
  Peru 1971–72
  Egypt 1972–73
  Iran 1973–74
  Mexico 1974–75
  Madagascar 1975–76
  Pakistan 1976–77
  Jamaica 1977–78
  Tunisia 1978–79
  India 1979–80
  Venezuela 1980–81
  Algeria 1981–82
  Bangladesh 1982–83
  Mexico 1983–84
  Egypt 1984–85
  Yugoslavia 1985–86
  Guatemala 1987
  Tunisia 1988
  Malaysia 1989
  Bolivia 1990
  Ghana 1991
  Pakistan 1992
  Colombia 1993
  Algeria 1994
  Philippines 1995
  Costa Rica 1996
  Tanzania 1997
  Indonesia 1998
  Guyana 1999
  Nigeria 2000
  Iran 2001
  Venezuela 2002
  Morocco 2003
  Qatar 2004
  Jamaica 2005
  South Africa 2006
  Pakistan 2007
  Antigua and Barbuda 2008
  Sudan 2009
  Yemen 2010
  Argentina 2011
  Algeria 2012
  Fiji 2013
  Bolivia 2014
  South Africa 2015
  Thailand 2016
  Ecuador 2017
  Egypt 2018
  Palestine 2019
  Guyana 2020
  Guinea 2021
  Pakistan 2022
  Cuba 2023

Group of 24

Main article: Group of 24
 
G-24 countries.
  Member nations
  Observer nations

The Group of 24 (G-24) is a chapter of the G-77 that was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters. Every member of the G-24, except for Mexico, is also a member of the G77.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ China is officially considered as a member by the organization, yet not by China itself.
  2. ^ Joined as Dahomey.
  3. ^ Joined as Upper Volta.
  4. ^ Joined as the United Arab Republic.
  5. ^ Joined as Burma.
  6. ^ Joined as Ceylon.
  7. ^ Joined as the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
  8. ^ Officially considered as a member by the organization, yet not by China itself
  9. ^ Joined as Swaziland.

References

  1. ^ About the Group of 77:Aims
  2. ^ a b "The Member States of the Group of 77". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.
  3. ^ Iqbal, Anwar (1 December 2021). "Pakistan elected G77 chair, seeks debt restructuring for developing nations". Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved 1 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ About the Group of 77:Establishment
  5. ^ Prebisch, Raúl; Prebisch, Raul (October 1986). "El desarrollo económico de la América Latina y algunos de sus principales problemas". Desarrollo Económico. 26 (103): 479. doi:10.2307/3466824. hdl:11362/10183. ISSN 0046-001X. JSTOR 3466824.
  6. ^ a b c Satpathy (2005). Environment Management. Excel Books India. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7446-458-3.
  7. ^ Fitzmaurice, Malgosia; Ong, David M.; Merkouris, Panos (2010). Research Handbook on International Environmental Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-84980-726-5.
  8. ^ Oosthoek, Jan; Gills, Barry K. (31 October 2013). The Globalization of Environmental Crisis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-317-96895-5.
  9. ^ Schiffman, Howard S. (3 May 2011). Green Issues and Debates: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6626-8.
  10. ^ Signed the "JOINT DECLARATION OF THE SEVENTY-SEVEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES".
  11. ^ James Mark, Bogdan C. Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, Ljubica Spaskovska, Cambridge University Press, 29 aug. 2019, 1989 A Global History of Eastern Europe, p. 125
  12. ^ James Mark, Artemy M. Kalinovsky, Steffi Marung, Indiana University Press, 11 feb. 2020, Alternative Globalizations: Eastern Europe and the Postcolonial World, p. 43
  13. ^ United Nations University Press, 1995, State, Society and the UN System: Changing Perspectives on Multilateralism, p. 152
  14. ^ Bertrand Badie, Springer, Aug 21, 2012, Diplomacy of Connivance
  15. ^ "七十七国集团（Group of 77, G77）". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. July 2016. 中国不是77国集团成员，但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求，与其保持良好合作关系，在经社领域一般以"77国集团加中国"的模式表达共同立场。中国自1994年开始每年向其捐款，2014年起捐款每年5万美元。
  16. ^ "Statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China by HE Mr. Horacio Sevilla Borja, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations, at the opening session of the 4th Prepcom established by General Assembly resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (New York, 10 July 2017)". www.g77.org. Mr. Chair, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.
  17. ^ "Presiding Countries of the Group of 77 in New York". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Group of 77.
  • Official website
  • Official website of the Group of 24

January 26, 2023
group, united, nations, coalition, developing, countries, designed, promote, members, collective, economic, interests, create, enhanced, joint, negotiating, capacity, united, nations, there, were, founding, members, organization, headquartered, geneva, since, . The Group of 77 G77 at the United Nations UN is a coalition of 134 developing countries designed to promote its members collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations 1 There were 77 founding members of the organization headquartered in Geneva but it has since expanded to 134 member countries according to the organization a 2 Pakistan holds the chairmanship as of 2022 Cuba 2023 3 Group of 77AbbreviationG77Named afterNumber of founding Member StatesFormation15 June 1964 58 years ago 1964 06 15 Founded atGeneva SwitzerlandTypeIntergovernmental voting blocPurposeTo provide a forum for developing nations to promote their economic interestsHeadquartersUnited Nations HeadquartersMethodsCollective bargaining lobbying reports and studiesFieldsInternational politicsMembership 2019 134 Member StatesChair of the Group of 77 CubaAffiliationsUnited NationsWebsiteG77 orgThe group was founded on 15 June 1964 by 77 non aligned nations in the Joint Declaration of the Seventy Seven Countries issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD 4 The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967 where the Charter of Algiers was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun under the leadership of Raul Prebisch who had previously worked at ECLA 5 There are Chapters of the Group of 77 in Geneva UN Rome FAO Vienna UNIDO Paris UNESCO Nairobi UNEP and the Group of 24 in Washington D C International Monetary Fund and World Bank Contents 1 Policies 2 Members 2 1 Current founding members 10 2 2 Other current members 2 3 Former members 2 4 China 3 Presiding countries 4 Group of 24 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksPolicies EditThe group was credited with a common stance against apartheid and for supporting global disarmament 6 It has been supportive of the New International Economic Order 6 7 It has been subject to criticism for its lacklustre support or outright opposition to pro environmental initiatives which the group considers secondary to economic development and poverty eradication initiatives 6 8 9 Members Edit Group of 77 countries as of 2013 As of 2020 the group comprises all of the UN member states along with the U N observer State of Palestine excluding the following countries Members of the Council of Europe except for Azerbaijan Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area except for Tajikistan Members of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development except for its three South American members Two Pacific microstates Palau and Tuvalu Five Asian states Armenia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Current founding members 10 Edit Afghanistan Algeria Argentina Bangladesh Benin b Bolivia Brazil Burkina Faso c Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Chile Colombia Congo DR Congo Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt d El Salvador Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Jamaica Jordan Kenya Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Madagascar Malaysia Mali Mauritania Morocco Myanmar e Nepal Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sri Lanka f Sudan Syria Tanzania g Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Uganda Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Other current members Edit Angola Antigua and Barbuda Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Barbados Belize Bhutan Botswana Brunei Darussalam China h Cabo Verde Comoros Cote D Ivoire Cuba Djibouti Dominica Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini i Fiji The Gambia Grenada Guinea Bissau Guyana Kiribati Lesotho Malawi Maldives Marshall Islands Mauritius Federated States of Micronesia Mongolia Mozambique Namibia North Korea Nauru Oman Palestine Papua New Guinea Qatar Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Seychelles Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa South Sudan Suriname Tajikistan East Timor Tonga Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Vanuatu Zambia Zimbabwe Former members Edit New Zealand signed the original Joint Declaration of the Developing Countries in October 1963 but pulled out of the group before the formation of the G77 in 1964 it joined the OECD in 1973 Mexico was a founding member but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1994 It had presided over the group in 1973 1974 1983 1984 however it is still a member of G 24 South Korea was a founding member but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1996 Yugoslavia was a founding member by the late 1990s it was still listed on the membership list but it was noted that it cannot participate in the activities of G77 It was removed from the list in late 2003 citation needed It had presided over the group from 1985 to 1986 Bosnia and Herzegovina was the last former Yugoslavian state to be a member of the G77 and is no longer a member as of 2019 Cyprus was a founding member but was no longer listed on the official membership list after it acceded to the European Union in 2004 Malta was admitted to the Group in 1976 but was no longer listed on the official membership list after it acceded to the European Union in 2004 Palau joined the Group in 2002 but withdrew in 2004 having decided that it could best pursue its environmental interests through the Alliance of Small Island States Romania was classed as a Latin American country for the purposes of the G77 having joined in 1976 11 12 The G77 was divided into geographical regions and because there was technically no European area Romania was placed under the umbrella of Latin America 13 Romania left the G77 following its accession to the European Union 14 China Edit The Group of 77 lists China as one of its members 2 The Chinese government provides consistent political support to the G77 and has made financial contributions to the Group since 1994 but it does not consider itself to be a member 15 As a result official statements of the G77 are delivered in the name of The Group of 77 and China or G77 China 16 Presiding countries EditThe following is the chain of succession of the chairmanship of the G77 17 Presiding countries of the G77 since 1970 Colors show the number of times a country has held the position Gray never Yellow once Orange twice Red three times Presiding country Year India 1970 71 Peru 1971 72 Egypt 1972 73 Iran 1973 74 Mexico 1974 75 Madagascar 1975 76 Pakistan 1976 77 Jamaica 1977 78 Tunisia 1978 79 India 1979 80 Venezuela 1980 81 Algeria 1981 82 Bangladesh 1982 83 Mexico 1983 84 Egypt 1984 85 Yugoslavia 1985 86 Guatemala 1987 Tunisia 1988 Malaysia 1989 Bolivia 1990 Ghana 1991 Pakistan 1992 Colombia 1993 Algeria 1994 Philippines 1995 Costa Rica 1996 Tanzania 1997 Indonesia 1998 Guyana 1999 Nigeria 2000 Iran 2001 Venezuela 2002 Morocco 2003 Qatar 2004 Jamaica 2005 South Africa 2006 Pakistan 2007 Antigua and Barbuda 2008 Sudan 2009 Yemen 2010 Argentina 2011 Algeria 2012 Fiji 2013 Bolivia 2014 South Africa 2015 Thailand 2016 Ecuador 2017 Egypt 2018 Palestine 2019 Guyana 2020 Guinea 2021 Pakistan 2022 Cuba 2023Group of 24 EditMain article Group of 24 G 24 countries Member nations Observer nations The Group of 24 G 24 is a chapter of the G 77 that was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters Every member of the G 24 except for Mexico is also a member of the G77 See also Edit Politics portalNon Aligned Movement Third World Global South North South divide South South cooperation G20 developing nations Politics of climate change List of country groupings List of multilateral free trade agreements Nozipho Mxakato DisekoNotes Edit China is officially considered as a member by the organization yet not by China itself Joined as Dahomey Joined as Upper Volta Joined as the United Arab Republic Joined as Burma Joined as Ceylon Joined as the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Officially considered as a member by the organization yet not by China itself Joined as Swaziland References Edit About the Group of 77 Aims a b The Member States of the Group of 77 The Group of 77 at the United Nations Iqbal Anwar 1 December 2021 Pakistan elected G77 chair seeks debt restructuring for developing nations Dawn newspaper Retrieved 1 December 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link About the Group of 77 Establishment Prebisch Raul Prebisch Raul October 1986 El desarrollo economico de la America Latina y algunos de sus principales problemas Desarrollo Economico 26 103 479 doi 10 2307 3466824 hdl 11362 10183 ISSN 0046 001X JSTOR 3466824 a b c Satpathy 2005 Environment Management Excel Books India p 30 ISBN 978 81 7446 458 3 Fitzmaurice Malgosia Ong David M Merkouris Panos 2010 Research Handbook on International Environmental Law Edward Elgar Publishing pp 567 ISBN 978 1 84980 726 5 Oosthoek Jan Gills Barry K 31 October 2013 The Globalization of Environmental Crisis Taylor amp Francis pp 93 ISBN 978 1 317 96895 5 Schiffman Howard S 3 May 2011 Green Issues and Debates An A to Z Guide SAGE Publications pp 9 ISBN 978 1 4522 6626 8 Signed the JOINT DECLARATION OF THE SEVENTY SEVEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES James Mark Bogdan C Iacob Tobias Rupprecht Ljubica Spaskovska Cambridge University Press 29 aug 2019 1989 A Global History of Eastern Europe p 125 James Mark Artemy M Kalinovsky Steffi Marung Indiana University Press 11 feb 2020 Alternative Globalizations Eastern Europe and the Postcolonial World p 43 United Nations University Press 1995 State Society and the UN System Changing Perspectives on Multilateralism p 152 Bertrand Badie Springer Aug 21 2012 Diplomacy of Connivance 七十七国集团 Group of 77 G77 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People s Republic of China July 2016 中国不是77国集团成员 但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求 与其保持良好合作关系 在经社领域一般以 77国集团加中国 的模式表达共同立场 中国自1994年开始每年向其捐款 2014年起捐款每年5万美元 Statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China by HE Mr Horacio Sevilla Borja Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations at the opening session of the 4th Prepcom established by General Assembly resolution 69 292 Development of an international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction New York 10 July 2017 www g77 org Mr Chair I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China Presiding Countries of the Group of 77 in New York The Group of 77 at the United Nations External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Group of 77 Official website Official website of the Group of 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Group of 77 amp oldid 1135400171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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