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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.[1][2] It was established by Maurice Strong, its first director, after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972. Its mandate is to provide leadership, deliver science and develop solutions on a wide range of issues, including climate change,[3] the management of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and green economic development.[4] The organization also develops international environmental agreements; publishes and promotes environmental science and helps national governments achieve environmental targets.

United Nations Environment Programme
(UN Environment)
AbbreviationUN Environment
UNEP
Formation5 June 1972; 51 years ago (1972-06-05)
TypeProgramme
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersNairobi, Kenya
Executive Director
Inger Andersen (since 2019)
Denmark
Parent organization
United Nations
Websitewww.unep.org

As a member of the United Nations Development Group, UNEP aims to help the world meet the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.[5] UNEP hosts the secretariats of several multilateral environmental agreements and research bodies, including The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The Minamata Convention on Mercury, The Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions, The Convention on Migratory Species and The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), among others.[6]

In 1988, the World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).[7] UNEP is also one of several Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol.[8][9] UNEP sometimes uses the alternative name UN Environment.[10] The headquarters of the agency is in Nairobi, Kenya.

History edit

 
UNEP Conference on Ozone Layer in The Hague, 1988

In the 1970s, the need for environmental governance at a global level was not universally accepted, particularly by developing nations. Some argued that environmental concerns were not a priority for nations in poverty. The leadership of Canadian diplomat Maurice Strong convinced many of the developing nations' governments that they needed to prioritize this issue. In the words of Nigerian professor Adebayo Adedeji: "Mr. Strong, through the sincerity of his advocacy, soon made it clear that all of us, irrespective of the stage of our development, have a large stake in the matter."[11]

After developing organisations such as the International Labour Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization, the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (the Stockholm Conference) was convened. In this conference various topics were discussed such as pollution, marine life, protection of resources, environmental change, and disasters relating to natural and biological change. This conference resulted in a Declaration on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration) and the establishment of an environmental management body, which was later named the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). UNEP was established by General Assembly Resolution 2997.[12] Headquarters were established in Nairobi, Kenya, with a staff of 300, including 100 professionals in a variety of fields, and with a five-year fund of more than US$100 million. At the time, US$40 million were pledged by the United States and the remainder by 50 other nations. The 'Voluntary Indicative Scale of Contribution' established in 2002 has the role to increase the supporters of the UNEP.[13] The finances related to all programs of UNEP is voluntarily contributed by Member states of the United Nations. The Environmental Fund, which all nations of UNEP invest in, is the core source of UNEP's programs.[12] Between 1974 and 1986 UNEP produced more than 200 technical guidelines or manuals on environment including forest and water management, pest control, pollution monitoring, the relationship between chemical use and health, and management of industry.[14]

The location of the headquarters proved to be a major controversy, with developed countries preferring Geneva, where several other UN offices are based, while developing countries preferred Nairobi, as that would be the first international organization headquartered in the Global South. At first, Mexico City, New Delhi, and Cairo were also competing to be the headquarters, but they pulled out to support Nairobi.[11] Many of the developing countries were "not particularly supportive of creating a new formal institution for environmental governance", but supported its creation as an act of "Southern solidarity".[15]

In 2000, the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, based in Cambridge and sponsored by IUCN, became part of UNEP.

Governance edit

Executive director edit

 
UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen at the UN Biodiversity conference, 2022

In December 1972, the UN General Assembly unanimously elected Maurice Strong to be the first head of UN Environment. He was also secretary-general of both the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and the Earth Summit (1992).

The position was then held for 17 years (1975–1992) by Mostafa Kamal Tolba, who was instrumental in bringing environmental considerations to the forefront of global thinking and action. Under his leadership, UN Environment's most widely acclaimed success—the historic 1987 agreement to protect the ozone layer—the Montreal Protocol was negotiated. He was succeeded by Elizabeth Dowdeswell (1992–1998), Klaus Töpfer (1998–2006), Achim Steiner (2006–2016), and Erik Solheim (2016–2018).

UNEP's acting executive director, Joyce Msuya, took office in November 2018 following the resignation of Erik Solheim. Prior to that appointment, she was UNEP's deputy executive director.[16] Inger Andersen was appointed executive director of UNEP by UN secretary-general António Guterres in February 2019.[17]

List of executive directors edit

# Picture Name
(birth–death)
Nationality Took office Left office
1   Maurice Strong[18]
(1929–2015)
  Canada 1972 1975
2   Mostafa Kamal Tolba
(1922–2016)
  Egypt 1975 1992
3   Elizabeth Dowdeswell
(born 1944)
  Canada 1992 1998
4   Klaus Töpfer
(born 1938)
  Germany 1998 2006
5   Achim Steiner
(born 1961)
  Brazil 2006 2016
6   Erik Solheim
(born 1955)
  Norway 2016 2018
7   Joyce Msuya

(acting)

(born 1968)

  Tanzania 2018 2019
8   Inger Andersen
(born 1958)
  Denmark 2019 Present

Environment Assembly edit

The United Nations Environment Assembly is UNEP's governing body. Created in 2012 to replace the Governing Council, it currently has 193 members and meets every two years.[19][20]

Structure edit

 
UNEP International Resource Panel meeting, 2011

UNEP's structure includes eight divisions:[21]

  1. Science Division: aims to provide scientifically credible environmental assessments and information for sustainable development. It reports on the state of the global environment, assesses policies, and aims to provide an early warning of emerging environmental threats. It is responsible for the monitoring and reporting of the environment regarding the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals.
  2. Policy and Programme Division: makes the policy and programme of the UNEP. This division ensures other divisions are coordinated.
  3. Ecosystems Division: supports countries in conserving, restoring and managing their ecosystems. It addresses the environmental causes and consequences of disasters and conflicts. It helps countries reduce pollution from land-based activities, increase resilience to climate change, and think about the environment in their development planning.
  4. Economy Division: assists large businesses in their efforts to be more environmentally conscious. It has three main branches: Chemicals and Health, Energy and Climate, and Resources and Markets.
  5. Governance Affairs Office: engages member states and other relevant groups to use UNEP's work. The office serves UNEP's governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, and its subsidiary organ, the Committee of Permanent Representatives, and manages their meetings. It helps strengthen the visibility, authority and impact of the Assembly as an authoritative voice on the environment.
  6. Law Division: helps to develop environmental law. Works with countries to combat environmental crime and meet international environmental commitments. The law division aims to improve cooperation between lawmakers around the world who are making environmental laws.
  7. Communication Division: develops and disseminates UNEP's messages. It delivers them to governments and individuals through digital and traditional media channels.
  8. Corporate Services Division: handles UNEP's corporate interests such as management and exposure to financial risk.

Activities edit

 
Presentation on climate finance by Søren E. Lütken, UNEP Senior Adviser, 2012

UNEP's main activities are related to:[2]

  1. Climate Change[22]
  2. Disasters and Conflicts[24]
    • UNEP has endeavored to lighten the influence of emergencies or natural disasters on human health and to prepare for future disasters. It contributes to the reduction of the origin of disasters by controlling the balance of ecosystems and actively support Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which aims to reduce the risk of disasters (DRR). As well as preventing natural disasters, the UNEP supports countries such as to make laws or policies which protect the countries from getting serious damage by disasters. Since 1999 it has helped 40 countries to recover from the effect of disasters.[25]
  3. Ecosystem Management[26]
  4. Environmental Governance[27]
  5. Environment under Review[28]
    • UNEP provides information and data on the global environment to stakeholders including governments, non-governmental organizations and the public for them to engage in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals. The information which UNEP shares is based on the latest science and is collected in a proper way. This makes policy makers find reliable information effectively.  Through this The Environment Outlook and the Sustainable Development Goals stakeholders can have access to information easily. In addition, the UN environment Live Platform and Online Access to Research in Environment (OARE) provide transparent information collected by UNEP.[29]
  6. Chemicals and Waste[30]
  7. Resource Efficiency[31]

Awards programs edit

Several awards programs have been established to recognize outstanding work in the environmental field. The Global 500 Roll of Honour was initiated in 1987 and ended in 2003. Its 2005 successor, Champions of the Earth, and a similar award, Young Champions of the Earth, are given annually to entrepreneurs, scientists, policy leaders, upcoming talent, individuals and organizations who make significant positive impacts on resources and the environment in their areas.

Notable achievements edit

UNEP has registered several successes, such as the 1987 Montreal Protocol for limiting emissions of gases blamed for thinning the planet's protective ozone layer, and the 2017 Minamata Convention, a treaty to limit toxic mercury.[32]

UNEP has sponsored the development of solar loan programmes, with attractive return rates, to buffer the initial deployment costs and entice consumers to consider and purchase solar PV systems. The most famous example is the solar loan programme sponsored by UNEP that helped 100,000 people finance solar power systems in India.[33] Success in India's solar programme has led to similar projects in other parts of the developing world, including Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia and Mexico.

In 2001, UNEP alerted about the destruction of the Marshlands when it released satellite images showing that 90 percent of the marsh had been lost. The UNEP "support for environmental management of the Iraqi Marshland" began in 2004, to manage the marshland area in an environmentally sound manner.[34]

UNEP has a programme for young people known as Tunza. Within this programme are other projects like the AEO for Youth.[35]

International Environmental Education Programme (1975–1995)

For two decades, UNESCO and UNEP led the International Environmental Education Programme (1975-1995), which set out a vision for, and gave practical guidance on how to mobilize education for environmental awareness. In 1976 UNESCO launched an environmental education newsletter Connect as the official organ of the UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education Programme (IEEP). Until 2007 it served as a clearinghouse to exchange information on environmental education in general and to promote the aims and activities of the IEEP in particular, as well as being a network for institutions and individuals interested and active in environment education.[36]

Climate change

UNEP in 1989, 34 years ago, predicted "entire nations could be wiped off the face of the Earth by sea level rise if the global warming trend is not reversed by the year 2000".[37][38]

UNEP in 2005, 19 years ago, predicted "50 million people could become environmental refugees by 2010, fleeing the effects of climate change".[39]

Glaciers are shrinking at record rates and many could disappear within decades, the UNEP said in 2008. The scientists measuring the health of almost 30 glaciers around the world found that ice loss reached record levels in 2006. On average, the glaciers shrank by 4.9 feet in 2006. Norway's Breidalblikkbrea glacier shrank 10.2 feet in 2006. Glaciers lost an average of about a foot of ice a year between 1980 and 1999, but since the turn of the millennium the average loss has increased to about 20 inches.[40]

Electric vehicles

At the fifth Magdeburg Environmental Forum held in 2008, in Magdeburg, Germany, UNEP and car manufacturer Daimler AG called for the establishment of infrastructure for electric vehicles. At this international conference 250 politicians and representatives of non-government organizations discussed future road transportation under the motto of "Sustainable Mobility–the Post-2012 CO2 Agenda".[41]

Circular economy

UNEP is the co-chair and a founding partner (along with groups such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation) for the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy, which is a public-private partnership of over 50 global organizations and governments seeking to support the transition to a global circular economy.[42]

The Regional Seas Programme edit

Established in 1974, this is the world's only legal programme for the purpose of protecting the oceans and seas at the regional level. More than 143 countries participate in 18 regional programmes established by the Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans, with 14 of them underpinned by legally binding international conventions, such as the Helsinki Convention, the Oslo Dumping Convention, the Barcelona Convention or the Bucharest Convention. The RSCAPs include the Caribbean region, East Asian seas, East African region, Mediterranean Basin, Pacific Northwest region, West African region, Caspian Sea, Black Sea region, Northeast Pacific region, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, ROPME Sea Area, South Asian seas, Southeast Pacific region, Pacific region, Arctic region, Antarctic region, Baltic Sea, and Northeast Atlantic region. Each programme consists of countries which share the same sea and manages this sea at the regional level. The programmes are controlled by secretariats or Regional Coordinating Units and Regional Activity Centers.[43] UNEP protects seas by promoting international conventions through education and training.[44]

  • The Mediterranean Action Plan[45] of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP) was established in 1975 as the first regional action plan under the Regional Seas Programme.
Faith for Earth Initiative edit

Launched in 2017, the initiative's goal is to encourage and collaborate with faith-based organizations to protect the environment and invest in green resources.[46] In 2020, UNEP published a book with the Parliament of the World's Religions Climate Action Program entitled, "Faith for Earth: A Call for Action."[47] The book serves as an educational resource for students, teachers, and leaders across the world and highlights the role that faith-based organizations can play in addressing critical environmental issues.[47]

International years edit

 
The Minister of State for Environment and Forests, Shri Jairam Ramesh, delivering the inaugural address at the Reporting Green: UNEP Media Workshop on Journalism and the Environment during the International Year of Forests, 2011

UN assigns specific years to topics to raise awareness and engagement.[48] The following years pertain to environmental topics:

See international observance and list of environmental dates.

Reform edit

Following the 2007 publication of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, the Paris Call for Action, presented by French president Jacques Chirac and supported by 46 countries, called for the UNEP to be replaced by a new and more powerful "United Nations Environment Organization", to be modeled on the World Health Organization. The 46 countries included the European Union nations, but notably did not include the United States, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China, the top four emitters of greenhouse gases.[61]

In December 2012, following the Rio+20 Summit, a decision by the General Assembly of the United Nations to "strengthen and upgrade" the UNEP and establish universal membership of its governing body was confirmed.[62]

Funding edit

The European Investment Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme created the Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) in 2015 to assist a United Nations project dubbed Sustainable Energy for All. Renewable Energy Performance Platform was established with $67 million from the United Kingdom's International Climate Finance initiative, administered by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, in 2015, and $128 million in 2018. REPP was established with a five-year goal of improving energy access for at least two million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has so far invested around $45 million to renewable energy projects in 13 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Solar power and hydropower are among the energy methods used in the projects.[63][64]

Funding complications edit

In September 2018, a series of allegations were made against the executive director of the UNEP, Eric Solheim, at that time, including excessive number of days spent outside the headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya. As a result, Eric Solheim resigned. Several donor countries withdrew their donation in the aftermath of the allegation, including the Dutch government who announced it would withhold $8 million in funding to UNEP until nepotism issues were resolved.[65] Sweden and Denmark stopped funding as well. A spokesman for the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs said the freezing of funds was probably unprecedented.[66]

See also edit

Sources edit

  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA (license statement/permission). Text taken from Issues and trends in Education for Sustainable Development​, 26, 27, UNESCO.

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Borowy, Iris. "Before UNEP: who was in charge of the global environment? The struggle for institutional responsibility 1968–72." Journal of Global History 14.1 (2019): 87–106.
  • United Nations Environment Programme. "Natural Allies: UNEP and Civil Society." Nairobi: United Nations Foundation, 2004.
  • Paul Berthoud, A Professional Life Narrative, 2008, worked with UNEP and offers testimony from the inside of the early years of the organization.
  • Dodds, F., Strauss, M., with Strong, M., 2012, Only One Earth: The Long Road via Rio to Sustainable Development. London Earthscan

External links edit

  • Official website
  • UNEP Finance Initiative
  • United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC)
  • UNEP GEO Data Portal
  • Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment
  • UNEP Regional Seas Programme
  • Resources on United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

united, nations, environment, programme, unep, responsible, coordinating, responses, environmental, issues, within, united, nations, system, established, maurice, strong, first, director, after, united, nations, conference, human, environment, stockholm, june,. The United Nations Environment Programme UNEP is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system 1 2 It was established by Maurice Strong its first director after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972 Its mandate is to provide leadership deliver science and develop solutions on a wide range of issues including climate change 3 the management of marine and terrestrial ecosystems and green economic development 4 The organization also develops international environmental agreements publishes and promotes environmental science and helps national governments achieve environmental targets United Nations Environment Programme UN Environment AbbreviationUN Environment UNEPFormation5 June 1972 51 years ago 1972 06 05 TypeProgrammeLegal statusActiveHeadquartersNairobi KenyaExecutive DirectorInger Andersen since 2019 DenmarkParent organizationUnited NationsWebsitewww wbr unep wbr orgAs a member of the United Nations Development Group UNEP aims to help the world meet the 17 Sustainable Development Goals 5 UNEP hosts the secretariats of several multilateral environmental agreements and research bodies including The Convention on Biological Diversity CBD The Minamata Convention on Mercury The Basel Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions The Convention on Migratory Species and The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES among others 6 In 1988 the World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC 7 UNEP is also one of several Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility GEF and the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol 8 9 UNEP sometimes uses the alternative name UN Environment 10 The headquarters of the agency is in Nairobi Kenya Contents 1 History 2 Governance 2 1 Executive director 2 2 List of executive directors 2 3 Environment Assembly 2 4 Structure 3 Activities 3 1 Awards programs 3 2 Notable achievements 3 2 1 The Regional Seas Programme 3 2 1 1 Faith for Earth Initiative 3 3 International years 4 Reform 5 Funding 5 1 Funding complications 6 See also 7 Sources 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory edit nbsp UNEP Conference on Ozone Layer in The Hague 1988In the 1970s the need for environmental governance at a global level was not universally accepted particularly by developing nations Some argued that environmental concerns were not a priority for nations in poverty The leadership of Canadian diplomat Maurice Strong convinced many of the developing nations governments that they needed to prioritize this issue In the words of Nigerian professor Adebayo Adedeji Mr Strong through the sincerity of his advocacy soon made it clear that all of us irrespective of the stage of our development have a large stake in the matter 11 After developing organisations such as the International Labour Organization the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment the Stockholm Conference was convened In this conference various topics were discussed such as pollution marine life protection of resources environmental change and disasters relating to natural and biological change This conference resulted in a Declaration on the Human Environment Stockholm Declaration and the establishment of an environmental management body which was later named the United Nations Environment Program UNEP UNEP was established by General Assembly Resolution 2997 12 Headquarters were established in Nairobi Kenya with a staff of 300 including 100 professionals in a variety of fields and with a five year fund of more than US 100 million At the time US 40 million were pledged by the United States and the remainder by 50 other nations The Voluntary Indicative Scale of Contribution established in 2002 has the role to increase the supporters of the UNEP 13 The finances related to all programs of UNEP is voluntarily contributed by Member states of the United Nations The Environmental Fund which all nations of UNEP invest in is the core source of UNEP s programs 12 Between 1974 and 1986 UNEP produced more than 200 technical guidelines or manuals on environment including forest and water management pest control pollution monitoring the relationship between chemical use and health and management of industry 14 The location of the headquarters proved to be a major controversy with developed countries preferring Geneva where several other UN offices are based while developing countries preferred Nairobi as that would be the first international organization headquartered in the Global South At first Mexico City New Delhi and Cairo were also competing to be the headquarters but they pulled out to support Nairobi 11 Many of the developing countries were not particularly supportive of creating a new formal institution for environmental governance but supported its creation as an act of Southern solidarity 15 In 2000 the World Conservation Monitoring Centre based in Cambridge and sponsored by IUCN became part of UNEP Governance editExecutive director edit nbsp UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen at the UN Biodiversity conference 2022In December 1972 the UN General Assembly unanimously elected Maurice Strong to be the first head of UN Environment He was also secretary general of both the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and the Earth Summit 1992 The position was then held for 17 years 1975 1992 by Mostafa Kamal Tolba who was instrumental in bringing environmental considerations to the forefront of global thinking and action Under his leadership UN Environment s most widely acclaimed success the historic 1987 agreement to protect the ozone layer the Montreal Protocol was negotiated He was succeeded by Elizabeth Dowdeswell 1992 1998 Klaus Topfer 1998 2006 Achim Steiner 2006 2016 and Erik Solheim 2016 2018 UNEP s acting executive director Joyce Msuya took office in November 2018 following the resignation of Erik Solheim Prior to that appointment she was UNEP s deputy executive director 16 Inger Andersen was appointed executive director of UNEP by UN secretary general Antonio Guterres in February 2019 17 List of executive directors edit Picture Name birth death Nationality Took office Left office1 nbsp Maurice Strong 18 1929 2015 nbsp Canada 1972 19752 nbsp Mostafa Kamal Tolba 1922 2016 nbsp Egypt 1975 19923 nbsp Elizabeth Dowdeswell born 1944 nbsp Canada 1992 19984 nbsp Klaus Topfer born 1938 nbsp Germany 1998 20065 nbsp Achim Steiner born 1961 nbsp Brazil 2006 20166 nbsp Erik Solheim born 1955 nbsp Norway 2016 20187 nbsp Joyce Msuya acting born 1968 nbsp Tanzania 2018 20198 nbsp Inger Andersen born 1958 nbsp Denmark 2019 PresentEnvironment Assembly edit The United Nations Environment Assembly is UNEP s governing body Created in 2012 to replace the Governing Council it currently has 193 members and meets every two years 19 20 Structure edit nbsp UNEP International Resource Panel meeting 2011UNEP s structure includes eight divisions 21 Science Division aims to provide scientifically credible environmental assessments and information for sustainable development It reports on the state of the global environment assesses policies and aims to provide an early warning of emerging environmental threats It is responsible for the monitoring and reporting of the environment regarding the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals Policy and Programme Division makes the policy and programme of the UNEP This division ensures other divisions are coordinated Ecosystems Division supports countries in conserving restoring and managing their ecosystems It addresses the environmental causes and consequences of disasters and conflicts It helps countries reduce pollution from land based activities increase resilience to climate change and think about the environment in their development planning Economy Division assists large businesses in their efforts to be more environmentally conscious It has three main branches Chemicals and Health Energy and Climate and Resources and Markets Governance Affairs Office engages member states and other relevant groups to use UNEP s work The office serves UNEP s governing body the United Nations Environment Assembly and its subsidiary organ the Committee of Permanent Representatives and manages their meetings It helps strengthen the visibility authority and impact of the Assembly as an authoritative voice on the environment Law Division helps to develop environmental law Works with countries to combat environmental crime and meet international environmental commitments The law division aims to improve cooperation between lawmakers around the world who are making environmental laws Communication Division develops and disseminates UNEP s messages It delivers them to governments and individuals through digital and traditional media channels Corporate Services Division handles UNEP s corporate interests such as management and exposure to financial risk Activities edit nbsp Presentation on climate finance by Soren E Lutken UNEP Senior Adviser 2012UNEP s main activities are related to 2 Climate Change 22 UNEP is a partner of the Territorial Approach to Climate Change which engages governmental entities in climate resilience efforts 23 Disasters and Conflicts 24 UNEP has endeavored to lighten the influence of emergencies or natural disasters on human health and to prepare for future disasters It contributes to the reduction of the origin of disasters by controlling the balance of ecosystems and actively support Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction which aims to reduce the risk of disasters DRR As well as preventing natural disasters the UNEP supports countries such as to make laws or policies which protect the countries from getting serious damage by disasters Since 1999 it has helped 40 countries to recover from the effect of disasters 25 Ecosystem Management 26 Environmental Governance 27 Environment under Review 28 UNEP provides information and data on the global environment to stakeholders including governments non governmental organizations and the public for them to engage in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals The information which UNEP shares is based on the latest science and is collected in a proper way This makes policy makers find reliable information effectively Through this The Environment Outlook and the Sustainable Development Goals stakeholders can have access to information easily In addition the UN environment Live Platform and Online Access to Research in Environment OARE provide transparent information collected by UNEP 29 Chemicals and Waste 30 Resource Efficiency 31 Awards programs edit Main articles Global 500 Roll of Honour and Champions of the Earth Several awards programs have been established to recognize outstanding work in the environmental field The Global 500 Roll of Honour was initiated in 1987 and ended in 2003 Its 2005 successor Champions of the Earth and a similar award Young Champions of the Earth are given annually to entrepreneurs scientists policy leaders upcoming talent individuals and organizations who make significant positive impacts on resources and the environment in their areas Notable achievements edit UNEP has registered several successes such as the 1987 Montreal Protocol for limiting emissions of gases blamed for thinning the planet s protective ozone layer and the 2017 Minamata Convention a treaty to limit toxic mercury 32 UNEP has sponsored the development of solar loan programmes with attractive return rates to buffer the initial deployment costs and entice consumers to consider and purchase solar PV systems The most famous example is the solar loan programme sponsored by UNEP that helped 100 000 people finance solar power systems in India 33 Success in India s solar programme has led to similar projects in other parts of the developing world including Tunisia Morocco Indonesia and Mexico In 2001 UNEP alerted about the destruction of the Marshlands when it released satellite images showing that 90 percent of the marsh had been lost The UNEP support for environmental management of the Iraqi Marshland began in 2004 to manage the marshland area in an environmentally sound manner 34 UNEP has a programme for young people known as Tunza Within this programme are other projects like the AEO for Youth 35 International Environmental Education Programme 1975 1995 For two decades UNESCO and UNEP led the International Environmental Education Programme 1975 1995 which set out a vision for and gave practical guidance on how to mobilize education for environmental awareness In 1976 UNESCO launched an environmental education newsletter Connect as the official organ of the UNESCO UNEP International Environmental Education Programme IEEP Until 2007 it served as a clearinghouse to exchange information on environmental education in general and to promote the aims and activities of the IEEP in particular as well as being a network for institutions and individuals interested and active in environment education 36 Climate changeUNEP in 1989 34 years ago predicted entire nations could be wiped off the face of the Earth by sea level rise if the global warming trend is not reversed by the year 2000 37 38 UNEP in 2005 19 years ago predicted 50 million people could become environmental refugees by 2010 fleeing the effects of climate change 39 Glaciers are shrinking at record rates and many could disappear within decades the UNEP said in 2008 The scientists measuring the health of almost 30 glaciers around the world found that ice loss reached record levels in 2006 On average the glaciers shrank by 4 9 feet in 2006 Norway s Breidalblikkbrea glacier shrank 10 2 feet in 2006 Glaciers lost an average of about a foot of ice a year between 1980 and 1999 but since the turn of the millennium the average loss has increased to about 20 inches 40 Further information Retreat of glaciers since 1850 Electric vehiclesAt the fifth Magdeburg Environmental Forum held in 2008 in Magdeburg Germany UNEP and car manufacturer Daimler AG called for the establishment of infrastructure for electric vehicles At this international conference 250 politicians and representatives of non government organizations discussed future road transportation under the motto of Sustainable Mobility the Post 2012 CO2 Agenda 41 Circular economyUNEP is the co chair and a founding partner along with groups such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation for the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy which is a public private partnership of over 50 global organizations and governments seeking to support the transition to a global circular economy 42 The Regional Seas Programme edit Established in 1974 this is the world s only legal programme for the purpose of protecting the oceans and seas at the regional level More than 143 countries participate in 18 regional programmes established by the Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans with 14 of them underpinned by legally binding international conventions such as the Helsinki Convention the Oslo Dumping Convention the Barcelona Convention or the Bucharest Convention The RSCAPs include the Caribbean region East Asian seas East African region Mediterranean Basin Pacific Northwest region West African region Caspian Sea Black Sea region Northeast Pacific region Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ROPME Sea Area South Asian seas Southeast Pacific region Pacific region Arctic region Antarctic region Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic region Each programme consists of countries which share the same sea and manages this sea at the regional level The programmes are controlled by secretariats or Regional Coordinating Units and Regional Activity Centers 43 UNEP protects seas by promoting international conventions through education and training 44 The Mediterranean Action Plan 45 of the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP MAP was established in 1975 as the first regional action plan under the Regional Seas Programme Faith for Earth Initiative edit Launched in 2017 the initiative s goal is to encourage and collaborate with faith based organizations to protect the environment and invest in green resources 46 In 2020 UNEP published a book with the Parliament of the World s Religions Climate Action Program entitled Faith for Earth A Call for Action 47 The book serves as an educational resource for students teachers and leaders across the world and highlights the role that faith based organizations can play in addressing critical environmental issues 47 International years edit nbsp The Minister of State for Environment and Forests Shri Jairam Ramesh delivering the inaugural address at the Reporting Green UNEP Media Workshop on Journalism and the Environment during the International Year of Forests 2011UN assigns specific years to topics to raise awareness and engagement 48 The following years pertain to environmental topics 2007 International Year of the Dolphin 49 International Patron of the Year of the Dolphin was H S H Prince Albert II of Monaco with Special Ambassador to the cause being Nick Carter of the Backstreet Boys musical group 50 2010 International Year of Biodiversity 51 2011 International Year of Forests 52 2012 International Year for Sustainable Energy for All 53 2013 International Year of Water Cooperation 54 2014 International Year of Family Farming 55 2015 International Year of Light and Light based Technologies 56 2016 International Year of Pulses 57 2017 International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development 58 2020 International Year of Plant Health 59 2021 International Year of Fruits and Vegetables 60 See international observance and list of environmental dates Reform editSee also UNEO and IRENA Following the 2007 publication of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report the Paris Call for Action presented by French president Jacques Chirac and supported by 46 countries called for the UNEP to be replaced by a new and more powerful United Nations Environment Organization to be modeled on the World Health Organization The 46 countries included the European Union nations but notably did not include the United States Saudi Arabia Russia and China the top four emitters of greenhouse gases 61 In December 2012 following the Rio 20 Summit a decision by the General Assembly of the United Nations to strengthen and upgrade the UNEP and establish universal membership of its governing body was confirmed 62 Funding editThe European Investment Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme created the Renewable Energy Performance Platform REPP in 2015 to assist a United Nations project dubbed Sustainable Energy for All Renewable Energy Performance Platform was established with 67 million from the United Kingdom s International Climate Finance initiative administered by the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy in 2015 and 128 million in 2018 REPP was established with a five year goal of improving energy access for at least two million people in Sub Saharan Africa It has so far invested around 45 million to renewable energy projects in 13 countries in Sub Saharan Africa Solar power and hydropower are among the energy methods used in the projects 63 64 Funding complications edit In September 2018 a series of allegations were made against the executive director of the UNEP Eric Solheim at that time including excessive number of days spent outside the headquarters in Nairobi Kenya As a result Eric Solheim resigned Several donor countries withdrew their donation in the aftermath of the allegation including the Dutch government who announced it would withhold 8 million in funding to UNEP until nepotism issues were resolved 65 Sweden and Denmark stopped funding as well A spokesman for the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs said the freezing of funds was probably unprecedented 66 See also edit2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership Citizen Science cleanup projects that people can take part in Global Climate Observing System Global warming International Renewable Energy Agency Melbourne Principles Miss Earth Foundation Northwest Pacific Action Plan Timeline of environmental events UNEP GEO Data Portal UNEP GRID Arendal United Nations Billion Tree Campaign United Nations Centre for Urgent Environmental Assistance United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative United Nations REDD Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre World Refrigeration Day Global plastic pollution treatySources edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a free content work Licensed under CC BY SA license statement permission Text taken from Issues and trends in Education for Sustainable Development 26 27 UNESCO References edit Funds Programmes Specialized Agencies and Others un org November 18 2014 a b About UN Environment Programme UNEP Archived from the original on 2020 04 09 Retrieved 2019 02 10 Climate Change unep org 2021 Green Economy unep org 2021 About UNDG at the Global Level UNDG United Nations Development Group 2017 Retrieved 3 September 2017 Secretariats and Conventions UNEP 30 October 2017 History of the IPCC IPCC Environment U N Global Environment Facility Global Environment Facility Retrieved 2022 03 02 Environment U N 2018 10 29 About Montreal Protocol Ozonaction Retrieved 2022 03 02 Why does UN Environment Programme matter UNEP 28 September 2017 a b Ivanova Maria 2007 11 23 Designing the United Nations Environment Programme a story of compromise and confrontation International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics 7 4 356 doi 10 1007 s10784 007 9052 4 ISSN 1567 9764 S2CID 153356802 a b Mark Allan Gray 1990 The United Nations Environment Programme An Assessment Lewis amp Clark Law School 20 2 43 49 JSTOR 43265919 Environment Fund UN Environment 10 November 2017 Retrieved 2019 04 22 The United Environment Programme UNEP Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation CTA 23 16 1989 JSTOR 24339600 Najam Adil 2005 Developing Countries and Global Environmental Governance From Contestation to Participation to Engagement International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics 5 3 309 doi 10 1007 s10784 005 3807 6 ISSN 1567 9764 S2CID 16813351 Tanzanian appointed to head U N Environment Programme AfricaNews 21 November 2018 Retrieved 23 November 2018 Secretary General Appoints Inger Andersen of Denmark Executive Director of United Nations Environment Programme Following Election by General Assembly Meetings Coverage and Press Releases www un org Retrieved 2020 08 03 Schrijver Nico 2010 Development Without Destruction The UN and Global Resource Management United Nations Intellectual History Project Series Bloomington IN Indiana University Press p 116 ISBN 978 0 253 22197 1 UN Environment Assembly and Governing Council UNEP Archived from the original on 11 March 2019 Retrieved 10 March 2019 United Nations General Assembly Session 67 Resolution 251 Change of the designation of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme A RES 67 251 13 March 2013 Environment U N 2017 10 31 UN Environment divisions UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2020 02 11 UNEP Climate Action UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 Territorial Approach to Climate Change TACC UNDP Climate Change Adaptation www adaptation undp org Archived from the original on 2021 07 25 Retrieved 2022 03 17 UNEP Disasters amp conflicts UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 Why do disasters and conflicts matter UN Environment August 2017 Retrieved 2019 03 02 UNEP Nature Action UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 UNEP Environmental rights and governance UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 UNEP Environment under review UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 Environment under review UN Environment Retrieved 2019 04 23 UNEP Chemicals amp pollution action UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 UNEP Resource efficiency UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 02 Doyle Alister 2013 02 17 Reformed U N formula for making planet greener to get first test Reuters Retrieved 2023 02 12 Solar loan programme in India Archived from the original on 2007 04 17 Retrieved 2007 09 19 UNEP Marshland project in Middle East Archived October 6 2007 at the Wayback Machine AEO for Youth Archived from the original on December 23 2011 Issues and trends in Education for Sustainable Development Paris UNESCO 2018 pp 26 27 ISBN 9789231002441 JAMES SPIELMANN U N Predicts Disaster if Global Warming Not Checked Associated Press Retrieved 25 February 2019 U N Predicts Disaster if Global Warming Not Checked Associated Press Archived from the original on 2018 10 08 Axel Bojanowski 18 April 2011 UN Embarrassed by Forecast on Climate Refugees Der Spiegel Retrieved 13 March 2019 U N Glaciers shrinking at record rate Archived from the original on 2020 04 09 Retrieved 2008 03 16 UNEP and Daimler Call for Infrastructure for Electric and Fuel cell Vehicles Climate L org 4 July 2008 Archived from the original on 13 December 2009 Retrieved June 16 2010 UNEP IRP Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy PACE Global Business Coalition 2018 01 24 Retrieved 2019 04 17 Why does working with regional seas matter UNEP 16 August 2017 Retrieved 2019 04 22 Bliss Guest Patricia A Keckes Stjepan 1982 The Regional Seas Programme of UNEP PDF Environmental Conservation 9 1 43 49 doi 10 1017 S0376892900019494 JSTOR 44520294 S2CID 54602079 Archived PDF from the original on 2018 07 19 UNEP MAP Environment U N 2021 06 02 Faith for Earth Initiative UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 08 a b Environment U N 2020 08 31 Faith for Earth A Call for Action UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2022 03 10 Nations United International Years United Nations Retrieved 2022 03 19 Year of the Dolphin CMS www cms int Retrieved 2022 03 19 Pop Superstar Nick Carter to Help Wild Dolphins and Oceans www newswise com United Nations Decade on Biodiversity www cbd int Retrieved 2022 03 19 US Forest Service International Year of Forests www fs fed us Retrieved 2022 03 19 International Year of Sustainable Energy for All 2012 www un org Retrieved 2022 03 19 United Nations International Year of Water Cooperation www un org Retrieved 2022 03 19 Home Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 2022 03 19 International Year of Light 2015 www nature com Retrieved 2022 03 19 International Year of Pulses 2016 2016 International Year of Pulses www fao org Retrieved 2022 03 19 2017 International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development UNWTO www unwto org Retrieved 2022 03 19 Home Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 2022 03 19 International Year of Fruits and Vegetables Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 2022 03 19 Doyle Alister 2007 02 03 46 nations call for tougher U N environment role Reuters dead link United Nations Environment Programme Upgraded to Universal Membership Following Rio 20 Summit UNEP Archived from the original on 2013 11 07 Retrieved 2013 02 06 Access to energy is Africa development key European Investment Bank Retrieved 2021 06 07 About Renewable Energy Performance Platform REPP REPP Retrieved 2021 06 07 Damian Carrington 27 September 2018 Under fire UN environment chief forced back to HQ The Guardian Retrieved 5 December 2018 a spokesman for the Dutch government told the Guardian A planned payment of 8m will be held until Unep provides more clarity and until it is clear that Unep is taking this matter seriously In relation to any notion of nepotism I wish to clarify that my spouse was recruited to REV Ocean through an open transparent and competitive process said Solheim Damian Carrington 25 September 2018 Nations halt funding to UN environment programme as outcry over chief grows The Guardian Retrieved 5 December 2018 the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs thinktank said he thought the freezing of funds was probably unprecedented There are many who don t think Unep is functioning as it shouldFurther reading editBorowy Iris Before UNEP who was in charge of the global environment The struggle for institutional responsibility 1968 72 Journal of Global History 14 1 2019 87 106 United Nations Environment Programme Natural Allies UNEP and Civil Society Nairobi United Nations Foundation 2004 Paul Berthoud A Professional Life Narrative 2008 worked with UNEP and offers testimony from the inside of the early years of the organization Dodds F Strauss M with Strong M 2012 Only One Earth The Long Road via Rio to Sustainable Development London EarthscanExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Environment Programme Official website UNEP Finance Initiative Frankfurt School UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate amp Sustainable Energy Finance United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNEP WCMC UNEP Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development UNEP GRID Europe UNEP GEO Data Portal Sindrom Kodok Pada Manusia Indonesia Language Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment UNEP Regional Seas Programme Resources on United Nations Environment Programme UNEP Portals nbsp Politics nbsp Environment Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Nations Environment Programme amp oldid 1202219119, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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