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Wikipedia

Grand Theft Auto

January 23, 2023

This article is about the video game series. For the crime, see motor vehicle theft. For the first game in the series, see Grand Theft Auto (video game). For other uses, see Grand theft auto (disambiguation).

Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is a series of action-adventure games created by David Jones and Mike Dailly.[2] Later titles were developed under the oversight of brothers Dan and Sam Houser, Leslie Benzies and Aaron Garbut. It is primarily developed by British development house Rockstar North (formerly DMA Design), and published by its parent company, Rockstar Games. The name of the series references the term "grand theft auto", used in the United States for motor vehicle theft.

Grand Theft Auto
Logo since Grand Theft Auto III (2001)
Genre(s)Action-adventure
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)Rockstar Games
Creator(s)
Platform(s)
First releaseGrand Theft Auto
28 November 1997
Latest releaseGrand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition
11 November 2021

Gameplay focuses on an open world where the player can complete missions to progress an overall story, as well as engage in various side activities. Most of the gameplay revolves around driving and shooting, with occasional role-playing and stealth elements. The series also has elements of the earlier beat 'em up games from the 16-bit era. The games in the Grand Theft Auto series are set in fictional locales modelled after real-life cities, at various points in time from the early 1960s to the 2010s. The original game's map encompassed three cities—Liberty City (based on New York City), San Andreas (based on San Francisco),[a] and Vice City (based on Miami)—but later titles tend to focus on a single setting; usually one of the original three locales, albeit remodelled and significantly expanded. The series centers on different protagonists who attempt to rise through the ranks of the criminal underworld, although their motives for doing so vary in each title. The antagonists are commonly characters who have betrayed the protagonist or their organisation, or characters who have the most impact impeding the protagonist's progress. Several film and music veterans have voiced characters in the games, including Ray Liotta, Dennis Hopper, Samuel L. Jackson, William Fichtner, James Woods, Debbie Harry, Axl Rose and Peter Fonda.[3]

DMA Design began the series in 1997, with the release of the Grand Theft Auto. As of 2020, the series consists of seven standalone titles and four expansion packs. The third main title, Grand Theft Auto III, released in 2001, is considered a landmark game, as it brought the series to a three-dimensional (3D) setting and more immersive experience. Subsequent titles have followed and built upon the concept established in Grand Theft Auto III, and received significant acclaim. They have influenced other open-world action games, and led to the label Grand Theft Auto clone on similar titles.

The series has been critically acclaimed, with all the main 3D entries in the franchise frequently ranked among the greatest and best-selling video games;[4] it has shipped more than 370 million units, making it the fifth-best selling video game franchise. In 2006, Grand Theft Auto was featured in a list of British design icons in the Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum.[5] In 2013, The Telegraph ranked Grand Theft Auto among Britain's most successful exports.[6] The series has also been controversial for its adult nature and violent themes.

Titles

Year Title Developer Platform(s) Universe[7]
Home console Computer Handheld Mobile Other
Main series
1997 Grand Theft Auto DMA Design PS1
GBC 2D
1999 Grand Theft Auto 2
Windows GBC
2001 Grand Theft Auto III
3D
2002 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Rockstar North
  • PS2
  • Xbox
  • Windows
  • OS X
  • Android
  • iOS
  • Fire OS
2004 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
  • Windows
  • OS X
  • Android
  • iOS
  • WP
  • Fire OS
 Oculus Quest 2[C]
2008 Grand Theft Auto IV
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows HD
2013 Grand Theft Auto V
Windows
TBA Untitled Grand Theft Auto game TBA
Expansion packs
1999 Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 Rockstar Canada PS1
  • Windows
  • MS-DOS
 2D
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961
  • Windows
  • MS-DOS
2009 Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned Rockstar North
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows HD
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
  • PS3
  • Xbox 360
 Windows
Handheld games
2004 Grand Theft Auto Advance Digital Eclipse GBA 3D
2005 Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories Rockstar Leeds PS2 PSP
  • iOS
  • Android
  • Fire OS
2006 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories PS2 PSP
2009 Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars
  • iOS
  • Android
  • Fire OS
 HD
Compilations and remasters
1999 Grand Theft Auto: Director's Cut[D] DMA Design /
Rockstar Canada
  • PS1
  • Windows
  • MS-DOS
 2D
2003 Grand Theft Auto: The Classics Collection[E]
  • PS1
  • Windows
Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack[F] Rockstar North
  • PS2
  • Xbox
 3D
2005 Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy[G]
  • Xbox
  • PS2
  • Windows
  • OS X
2009 Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack[H] Rockstar Leeds
  • PS2
 PSP
Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City[I] Rockstar North
  • Xbox 360
  • PS3
 Windows HD
2010 Grand Theft Auto IV: Complete Edition[J]
  • Xbox 360
  • PS3
 Windows
2021 Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition[K] Grove Street Games
Windows Switch[L]
  • Android
  • iOS
 3D
Notes:
  1. ^ Originally available on PlayStation 3 as part of the PlayStation 2 Classics line via the PlayStation Network, but later replaced with a HD native release.[8]
  2. ^ Originally available on Xbox 360 as part of the Xbox Originals line via the Xbox Live Marketplace, but later replaced with a HD native release.[9]
  3. ^ A virtual reality version of San Andreas is in development.[10]
  4. ^ Includes Grand Theft Auto and London 1969
  5. ^ Includes Grand Theft Auto, London 1969, and Grand Theft Auto 2
  6. ^ Includes Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City
  7. ^ Includes Grand Theft Auto III, Vice City, and San Andreas
  8. ^ Includes Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories
  9. ^ Includes The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony
  10. ^ Includes Grand Theft Auto IV, The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony
  11. ^ Includes remastered versions of Grand Theft Auto III, Vice City, and San Andreas
  12. ^ a b The Nintendo Switch is a hybrid console, combining features of home and handheld systems.

Main series

Release timeline
           2D universe              3D universe              HD universe[7]
1997Grand Theft Auto
1998
1999Grand Theft Auto: London 1969
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961
Grand Theft Auto 2
2000
2001Grand Theft Auto III
2002Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
2003Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack
2004Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
Grand Theft Auto Advance
2005Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy
Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories
2006Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
2007
2008Grand Theft Auto IV
2009Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned
Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
2010
2011
2012
2013Grand Theft Auto V
Grand Theft Auto Online
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition
2022
TBAUntitled Grand Theft Auto game

The Grand Theft Auto series is split into separate fictional universes, named after the primary level of graphics capability used in each era.[7] The original Grand Theft Auto, its expansions and its sequel are considered the "2D universe". Grand Theft Auto III and its sequels are considered the "3D universe". Grand Theft Auto IV, its expansions and Grand Theft Auto V are considered the "HD universe". Each universe is considered separate with only brands, place names and background characters shared between them.[7]

Grand Theft Auto, the first game in the series, was released for Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS in November 1997, ported to the PlayStation in 1998 and the Game Boy Color in 1999. Grand Theft Auto 2 was released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows, later receiving ports on the PlayStation, Dreamcast and Game Boy Color.[11]

The PlayStation 2 also featured three instalments of the main series, all of which have been re-released on several platforms; a deal between Take-Two Interactive and Sony Computer Entertainment resulted in their timed exclusivity on the PlayStation 2, before receiving ports to Microsoft Windows and the Xbox.[12] The 2001 title Grand Theft Auto III moved away from the two-dimension (2D) graphics used in the first two games to three-dimension (3D) computer graphics[13] Grand Theft Auto: Vice City was published in 2002, and was the first to feature a speaking protagonist, voiced by Ray Liotta.[14] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, released in 2004, introduced various new elements, including character customisation and a large map encompassing three cities and surrounding rural area.[15]

Two main instalments were published for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The 2008 title Grand Theft Auto IV focused on realism and detail, removing various customisation features, while adding an online multiplayer mode.[16] Grand Theft Auto V, published in 2013, featured three playable protagonists.[17] It was released to massive financial success, breaking multiple records.[18] It was later re-released with various enhancements, in 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in 2015 for Microsoft Windows;[19] versions for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and S were released in March 2022.[20]

On 4 February 2022, Rockstar confirmed that development of a new entry in the series was "well underway".[21] In-development footage of the game leaked in September 2022;[22][23] Rockstar noted that it was "extremely disappointed" by the manner in which the game was first demonstrated, but that it did not anticipate long-term effects on development.[24]

Other games

Grand Theft Auto has spawned numerous additional games and expansion packs. In 1999, the original game received two expansion packs: Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto: London 1961, which, as their names suggest, featured a different setting – a fictional version of London – and new missions and characters.[11] Grand Theft Auto Advance, released in 2004 exclusively for the Game Boy Advance, featured a top-down perspective, similarly to the first two main games in the series, and the same setting as Grand Theft Auto III, to which it served as a prequel. Three games were released for the PlayStation Portable: Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories in 2005, which is also a prequel to Grand Theft Auto III; Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories in 2006, which is a prequel to Vice City; and Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars in 2009, which features the same setting as Grand Theft Auto IV, but the two games are otherwise unrelated. Both Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories were later ported to the PlayStation 2, while Chinatown Wars was originally released for the Nintendo DS and later ported to PlayStation Portable.[25] In 2009, The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony were released for the Xbox 360 as expansion packs to Grand Theft Auto IV; a "strategic alliance" between Rockstar and Microsoft resulted in the timed exclusivity. The expansions focus on characters who played a relatively minor role in the main game, and whose stories take place simultaneously with Grand Theft Auto IV's. Both were later released for the PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows as part of a compilation, titled Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City, also available on Xbox 360.[26]

Numerous titles in the series have received ports to mobile devices. Chinatown Wars was released for iOS in 2010 and for Android and Fire OS in 2014.[27] For their tenth anniversaries, Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City were both re-released for iOS and Android in 2011 and 2012, respectively.[28][29] In 2013, San Andreas was ported to iOS, Android and Windows Phone and RT;[30] the mobile port was later re-released for Xbox 360 in 2014, the year of the game's tenth anniversary,[31] and the following year for PlayStation 3.[32] In 2015, Liberty City Stories was ported to iOS, Android and Fire OS.[33][34]

Compilations

Grand Theft Auto Double Pack was released in 2003 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, and includes both Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City.[35] Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy is a compilation of III, Vice City, and San Andreas, and was first released in 2005 for the Xbox.[36] It was later re-released for the PlayStation 2, Windows, Mac OS X, and PlayStation 4.[37][38][39][40] The Trilogy also served as the revised package for San Andreas, which had to be pulled from shelves due to the controversial Hot Coffee mod.[41] A report in August 2021 suggested that Rockstar Dundee was leading development on a remastered version of the trilogy, using Unreal Engine;[42] following some leaks,[43][44][45] Rockstar officially announced Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition on 8 October 2021. The game features graphical and gameplay upgrades, and replaced existing versions on digital retailers. It released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on 11 November 2021, and will release for Android and iOS in 2022.[46]

Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City is a standalone compilation of the two episodes for Grand Theft Auto IV. It contains both The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony on one disc. It was released on 29 October 2009 for the Xbox 360 and on 13 April 2010 for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 3. Microsoft added Episodes from Liberty City to its backwards compatibility list for Xbox One platforms in February 2017.[47] The standalone release of Episodes from Liberty City for Windows was discontinued and replaced by a single-player-only version of Grand Theft Auto IV: Complete Edition in 2020.[48]

Related media

The series has been expanded into various other formats. Jacked: The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto, a book written by David Kushner chronicling the development of the series, was published in 2012.[49] In March 2015, BBC Two announced The Gamechangers, a 90-minute docudrama based on the creation of Grand Theft Auto.[50] Directed by Owen Harris and written by James Wood, the drama stars Daniel Radcliffe as Rockstar president Sam Houser and Bill Paxton as disbarred attorney Jack Thompson.[51] In May 2015, Rockstar filed a lawsuit against the BBC for trademark infringement, stating that they had no involvement with the development of the film and had unsuccessfully tried to contact the BBC to resolve the matter.[52] It first aired on 15 September 2015 on BBC Two.[53]

In 2006, McFarland & Company published The Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto.[54] Compiled by Nate Garrelts, the 264-page book is a collection of essays regarding the Grand Theft Auto series, to help audiences better understand the games and to make a point about due diligence of game criticism. The book is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the controversies surrounding the series, while the second half takes a theoretical look at the games absent of the controversy.[55]

Roger Corman, who produced the unrelated 1977 film Grand Theft Auto, claimed that any attempted film adaptation of the video game series was unable to proceed. In 2017, he claimed that he sued the "video game manufacturer who flat-out stole the idea", and that they "settled out of court and they gave me some money".[56] He said that he retains the rights, "but the way it was actually written in the contract is a little bit cloudy", and that his lawyers were analysing the contract to ensure that he can remake the film.[56] Take-Two Interactive responded to Corman's claims, noting that the company "owns all rights for films related to the Grand Theft Auto video game series", and that it "can and will take appropriate legal action against anyone attempting to misuse our intellectual property by attempting to make a new film titled Grand Theft Auto";[56] it claimed to have successfully taken legal action against similar attempts in the past.[56]

Common elements

Gameplay

Each game in this series allows the player to take on the role of a criminal in the big city, typically an individual who plans to rise through the ranks of organised crime through the course of the game. The player is given various missions by kingpins and major idols in the city underworld which must be completed to progress through the storyline. Assassinations and other violent crimes are featured regularly. Occasionally taxi driving, firefighting, street racing, bus driving, or learning to fly helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft are also involved in the game.

In later titles, notably those released after Grand Theft Auto 2, the player is given a more developed storyline in which they are forced to overcome an unfortunate event (e.g., being betrayed and left for dead), which serves as motivation for the character to advance up the criminal ladder and ultimately leads to the triumph of the character by the end of the storyline.

The Grand Theft Auto series belongs to a genre of free-roaming role-playing video games called open world games, and grants a large amount of freedom to the player. Traditional action games are structured as a single track series of levels with linear gameplay, but in Grand Theft Auto the player can determine the missions that they want to undertake, and their relationship with various characters are changed based on these choices. Influenced by the earlier game Turbo Esprit,[57][58] the cities of the games can be roamed freely at any point in the game, and are examples of open world video game environments which offer accessible buildings with minor missions in addition to the main storyline. There are exceptions: missions follow a linear, overarching plot. These missions are required to complete in order to unlock new areas in the game.

Grand Theft Auto III and subsequent games have more voice acting and radio stations, which simulate driving to music with disc jockeys, radio personalities, commercials, talk radio, pop music, and American culture.

The use of vehicles in an explorable urban environment provides a basic simulation of a working city, complete with pedestrians who generally obey traffic signals. Further details are used to flesh out an open-ended atmosphere that has been used in several other games, such as The Simpsons: Hit & Run, which has less emphasis on crime or violence, and Lego City Undercover, which reverses the roles of police officer and criminal, although the player goes undercover in gangs for a portion of the game.

Criminal activities in Grand Theft Auto games do not go unnoticed by the police. As the player engages in these in-game illegal activities, they may gain a "wanted level", represented by a maximum of five or six stars. A small crime, such as running over a non-player character, may create a one star wanted level situation, while shooting an officer may earn more stars. As the number of stars increase, the amount and strength of the response will increase; a single star might have a few police cars chase after the player, while at 5 or 6 stars, tanks and attack helicopters will chase down the player. Many in-game missions will automatically give the player a wanted level after completing a certain event which they must then get rid of before the mission is complete. Often, trying to keep away from the police while wanted will cause the player to gain even higher wanted levels. The player can remove their character's wanted level by avoiding detection or spending in-game money at specific locations to elude the police (such as a mod shop to repaint their car). Alternatively, if the player-character dies, they will respawn at a hospital and the wanted level will be removed, though the player may lose money, guns, and other benefits they had before being chased. The "wanted level" gameplay concept has become common in similar open world games.

Setting

Most Grand Theft Auto games are set in fictional parodies of well-known United States cities, in a number of different time periods. The games are split into three different universes (2D, 3D, and HD), each with their own reinterpretations of previously established settings. The universes share the names of cities, several brands, and background characters who never make physical appearances in the games (with a few exceptions), but are otherwise considered to be separate continuities.[7]

Liberty City

Liberty City, based on New York City, is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto. It is the first setting available to the player. The city encompasses two landmasses (a large one in the southeast and a smaller one in the northeast) and a Manhattan-like central island; two smaller islands are featured along the river that separates the three main islands. The setting also incorporates the neighbouring state of New Guernsey (a parody of New Jersey), which occupies the northwest portion of the map. All four major islands are divided into multiple districts, inspired by New York and New Jersey's boroughs.

A redesigned version of Liberty City was introduced in Grand Theft Auto III (set in 2001). This iteration is only loosely based on New York, and incorporates elements from other U.S. cities, such as Philadelphia, Detroit, Boston, Chicago, and Baltimore.[59] The city encompassess three main islands, which are gradually unlocked as the game's storyline progresses: Portland (based on the industrial areas of Brooklyn and Queens, with additional elements from Manhattan and Long Island), Staunton Island (based mostly on Manhattan), and Shoreside Vale (loosely based on North Jersey, The Bronx, Staten Island, and Upstate New York). The islands are connected by road bridges and an underground tunnel system. A tunnel leading out of Liberty City can be found in Shoreside Vale, but it is impassable by the player. This particular version of Liberty City returned in the prequels Grand Theft Auto Advance (set in 2000) and Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (set in 1998), albeit with several changes to reflect the different time periods. The city was also mentioned in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, and was the setting of a mission in the latter.

A third version of Liberty City was featured in Grand Theft Auto IV, its expansion packs The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony (all three set in 2008), and the handheld game Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars (set in 2009). This iteration closely resembles New York, and consists of four main boroughs, which become available to explore as the story progresses: Broker (based on Brooklyn), Dukes (Queens), Bohan (The Bronx), and Algonquin (Manhattan).[60] The placement of these boroughs mirrors that of their real-life counterparts: Broker and Dukes occupy a large landmass in the southeast, while Bohan forms its own, smaller island in the northeast, and Algonquin acts as the city's central island. The setting also incorporates three smaller islands—Charge Island (Randall's Island), Colony Island (Roosevelt Island), and Happiness Island (Liberty Island)—and a fourth landmass, Alderney, which is located west of Algonquin and regarded as its own independent state (similarly to New Jersey). Alderney is absent in Chinatown Wars.[61] All islands, barring Happiness Island, are connected by road bridges, underground tunnels, and a subway system; none of which lead out of the city.

San Andreas

San Andreas, based on San Francisco, is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto. It is the second setting available to the player. The locale encompasses two landmasses: a large northern portion, which is divided into fifteen districts and generally considered to be the city's core, and a smaller island in the southeast, consisting of only one district, which acts as the city's docks area. The northern landmass is further divided by Aye Valley, which cuts through the heart of the area from the east to the west.

A reimagined version of San Andreas was featured in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (set in 1992), as a state rather than a city. Based on California and Nevada, the state encompasses two landmasses, separated by a river and surrounded by a large body of water. The southern portion of the map features the cities of Los Santos (based on Los Angeles) and San Fierro (San Francisco), separated by vast forest and mountain areas. By contrast, the northern portion is one large desert region and incorporates only one city, Las Venturas (Las Vegas). Both landmasses feature additional rural settlements, which are less inhabited than the three major cities. The cities are connected by a train track system, and each one features an airport, which can be used to fast travel from a city to another. At the beginning of the game, players only have access to Los Santos, with the rest of the map being gradually unlocked as the story progresses.

A third version of San Andreas appeared in Grand Theft Auto V (set in 2013), again imagined as a state. The game features only the southern portion of the state, which is depicted as a large island. The southern portion of the island is occupied mostly by the city of Los Santos (which resembles Los Angeles much more closely than its San Andreas counterpart), while the northern portion, known as Blaine County, is less inhabited, featuring vast areas of desert, forest, and mountain, and only a few small towns.[62] This version of San Andreas is currently the only setting in the series that doesn't feature any map limitations, allowing players to explore the entire island at the beginning of the game. Los Angeles was extensively researched for Grand Theft Auto V. The team organised field research trips with tour guides and architectural historians and captured around 250,000 photos and hours of video footage during these visits.[63] Since the release of the game, hundreds of in-game buildings have been identified as being based on real-world landmarks.[64] The New Yorker's Sam Sweet notes that, with sales of the game reaching thirteen million copies, "there will be more people living in the imaginary state of Los Santos than in the real city on which it was modelled."[65]

Vice City

Vice City, based on Miami, is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto. It is the third setting available to the player. The city encompasses one large landmass, divided into eight districts which form the city's core, and a smaller island, Vice Beach, in the northeast. Like its real-life counterpart, Vice City is depicted as a tropical city, easily distinguished from the other two in the game by its beaches and palm trees.

A redesigned version of Vice City was introduced in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (set in 1986). The city consists of two main landmasses, Vice City Beach and Vice City Mainland, separated by a large body of water and connected to each other and to two smaller islands, Starfish Island and Prawn Island, by a series of road bridges. At the beginning of the game, the player only has access to Vice City Beach, with the rest of the city being gradually unlocked as the story progresses. The same setting would be later used in the prequel Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories (set in 1984), albeit with several changes to reflect the different time period.

The HD universe version of Vice City has yet to be introduced, but has been referenced in both Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V.

Other settings

The London 1969 and London 1961 expansion packs for Grand Theft Auto take place within a fictionalised version of London during the 1960s. As such, they are the only games in the series to be set outside of the United States. The portion of the city used in the games is based on Central London, although heavily condensed and mostly geographically inaccurate. It consists of two landmasses, separated by the River Thames and connected by several road bridges. A fictionalised version of Manchester is also featured in the games.

Grand Theft Auto 2 is set in Anywhere City, a fictional U.S. retrofuturistic metropolis with no apparent inspiration from any real-life city. The setting consists of three areas, which the player will switch between as the story progresses: the Downtown District, the Residential District, and the Industrial District. Each district is depicted as its own individual island. The game is set in an unspecified time period—conflicting sources suggest anything from "three weeks into the future",[66] to the year 2013,[67] while the game itself features several references to the "new millennium" that is coming, implying that the year is 1999.[67]

Grand Theft Auto V features the fictional town of Ludendorff in the state of North Yankton (a parody of North Dakota), which is the setting of two missions and is inaccessible outside of the storyline. The 2020 update for Grand Theft Auto Online, The Cayo Perico Heist, introduced the eponymous fictional island, a "tropical paradise" off the Caribbean coast of Colombia privately owned by notorious drug lord Juan "El Rubio" Strickler. The island is used as both a transshipment base and a partying place by El Rubio, and draws inspiration from Norman's Cay and Hacienda Nápoles. Cayo Perico is the first setting in the series not located in the United States since London.

Voice acting

The series has included a wide variety of voice actors. The original Grand Theft Auto, its mission packs and its sequel, as well as Grand Theft Auto Advance and Chinatown Wars did not feature any voice credited to specific roles.[68][69] The first game in the series to do so was Grand Theft Auto III which, despite a limited budget and the series' low profile at the time,[70] featured several notable actors from film and television. These included Frank Vincent, Michael Madsen and Kyle MacLachlan, who all had prominent roles. At the time it was rare for a video game to use such high-profile actors, and Grand Theft Auto III is considered a pioneer in doing so.[71] The next game, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, featured more film actors, including Ray Liotta as the player character. Although the following title, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, also featured many notable film actors—such as Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Fonda and James Woods—it had been decided that the use of such actors should be reduced, particularly for leading roles. As a result, many of the prominent roles in San Andreas were voiced by lower profile actors or rappers.[72][73]

From Liberty City Stories through to Grand Theft Auto V, the series has continued using lesser known actors to voice main characters, but still uses celebrities and real-life radio personalities to voice the DJs of the many radio stations featured in each game. Some games also feature celebrities portraying themselves, such as Lazlow Jones, Phil Collins,[74] Ricky Gervais,[75] Katt Williams,[76] and Dr. Dre.[77]

Controversies

According to The Guinness World Records 2008 and 2009 Gamer's Edition, it is the most controversial video game series in history, with over 4,000 articles published about it, which include accusations of glamorising violence, corrupting gamers, and connection to real life crimes.[78]

Grand Theft Auto

The game was controversial from the first incarnation of the series.[79] Grand Theft Auto was condemned in Britain, Germany, and France due to its "extreme violence",[80] and Brazil banned it outright.[80] Publicist Max Clifford planted sensational stories in tabloids in order to help sell the first game.[79][81][82]

Grand Theft Auto III

See also: Grand Theft Auto III § Controversies

The controversies flared up again with Grand Theft Auto III, since the 3D graphics made the violence more realistic, and players could pay for the services of prostitutes to restore their health, and if they wished, kill them to get some of their money back.[82]

There is also criticism from the focus on illegal activities in comparison with traditional "heroic" roles that other games offer. The main character can commit a wide variety of crimes and violent acts while dealing with only temporary consequences, including the killing of policemen and military personnel.

Vice City

See also: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City § Controversies

The sixth game in the series, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, also came under criticism. One mission in particular, in which the player must instigate a gang war between Haitian and Cuban gangs, has been controversial. Haitian and Cuban anti-defamation groups criticised the game.

Jean-Robert Lafortune of the Haitian American Grassroots Coalition is quoted as saying that "The game shouldn't be designed to destroy human life, it shouldn't be designed to destroy an ethnic group," for this and similar scenarios, including lines in the game's script such as "kill the Haitian dickheads" said by character "Diaz" during an altercation between the player and a Haitian gang. After the threat of a lawsuit by the Haitian-American Grassroots Coalition, Rockstar removed the word "Haitians" from this phrase in the game's subtitles.[83]

San Andreas

Main article: Hot Coffee mod

San Andreas was criticised initially due to its "gangster" elements, which include drugs, prostitution, and murder. It later received additional criticism after the discovery of an interactive sex minigame, nicknamed Hot Coffee; initially cut from the game, it remained in the game code, and was discovered in both the console and Windows versions of the game.

After the release of San Andreas, modders managed to find the unused code in the game and released unofficial patches for the Windows and Xbox (with a modchip) versions as well as a PlayStation 2 version through the use of an Action Replay code enabling the player to engage in these sexual mini-games (dubbed "Hot Coffee" in reference to a euphemism for sex used in the game). These mini-games were left partially intact in the game's code. This prompted application of an AO (Adults Only) ESRB rating to the version of the game containing the leftover code. Take-Two Interactive was forced to re-release the game in order to restore the M (Mature) rating. A class action lawsuit against Take-Two was also filed as a result of the "Hot Coffee" code.[84][85]

Grand Theft Auto IV

Main article: Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto IV

One of the controversies involved with this game was Mothers Against Drunk Driving's (MADD) criticism of the ability to drink and drive as a new feature. MADD had even requested ESRB to change the rating of the game from "M" for ages seventeen and up to "AO", for adults only, because they felt it was inappropriate for children, even at the age of seventeen, to experience drunk driving in such a manner.[86] In the final game, drunk driving is a playable event, but it is a crime that automatically generates a wanted rating[87] and main playable character Niko Bellic loudly (and drunkenly) proclaims that it is a "bad idea" and that he "should know better".[88]

Notably, it is impossible to drive while drunk in the GTA IV expansions, The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony. These were released after the criticism. It is, however, possible to drive drunk again in the successor, Grand Theft Auto V.[89]

The Lost and Damned

See also: Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned § Controversy

The Lost and Damned expansion pack for Grand Theft Auto IV was condemned by US parents group Common Sense Media who issued a public warning against the pack's content due to a full-frontal nudity scene during one of the cutscenes. They claimed the game was "more controversial than its predecessors" because it featured "full frontal male nudity".[90]

Chinatown Wars

See also: Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars § Controversy

Nintendo wanted us to make Grand Theft Auto, and we wanted to make a game on their platform. They didn't want us to make a Grand Theft Auto for kids, and we weren't interested in making a game we wouldn't normally make.

Dan Houser, on the making of Chinatown Wars for the Nintendo DS[91]

There has been some controversy over a drug dealing minigame[92] along with comments that some Nintendo games are being aimed at children (despite the fact that the game was rated Mature). The drug dealing mini-game allows players to peddle six types of drugs around the city, but the profit the player makes depends on market conditions, which will be based on the area in which they deal, and the level of regular service this area receives from them.[93][94]

Grand Theft Auto V

Main article: Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V

A segment in the latest instalment caused controversy for scenes containing player-initiated torture. The mission "By the Book" features graphic depictions of kneecapping, electrocution, dental extraction and waterboarding, and the player is required to perform an act of torture in order to progress in the game.[95][96][97]

UK-based charity Freedom from Torture publicly condemned the use of torture scenes in Grand Theft Auto V. The organisation, who works to rehabilitate survivors of torture, joined other human rights charities who were outraged at a torture scene in the game in which the players have to pull teeth and electrocute an unarmed man in order to extract information. The charity's CEO Keith Best stated: “Rockstar North has crossed a line by effectively forcing people to take on the role of a torturer and perform a series of unspeakable acts if they want to achieve success in the game."[95]

The game has also been accused of sexism. The Los Angeles Times considered the game's satirical portrayals of women uncreative, and added that violent and sexist themes hurt the game experience.[98] Edge noted that while "every female in the game exists solely to be sneered, leered or laughed at", it treated its all-male lead characters in a similar vein through their stereotyped tendencies towards violence.[99] Sam Houser, Rockstar Games co-founder, felt that the development team sometimes overlooked their portrayal of women in Grand Theft Auto games, but that the weight towards male characters "fit with the story we wanted to tell".[100]

Lawsuits

Several celebrities have sued Rockstar Games and/or Take-Two Interactive for purportedly violating their intellectual property or personality rights, including hip-hop artist Daz Dillinger,[101] Karen Gravano of Mob Wives,[102] and actress Lindsay Lohan.[103]

Lawsuits involving Jack Thompson

Further information: Jack Thompson (activist) § Grand Theft Auto

Former lawyer Jack Thompson has been involved in a number of attempts to get families of murder victims to hold the Grand Theft Auto series accountable for the death of their loved ones. Due to his conduct in this and related cases, Thompson was disbarred in 2008[104] and was fined more than $100,000 by the Florida Bar Association.[105]

On 20 October 2003, the families of Aaron Hamel and Kimberly Bede, two young people shot by teens William and Josh Buckner (who in statements to investigators claimed their actions were inspired by Grand Theft Auto III) filed a US$246 million lawsuit against publishers Rockstar Games, Take-Two Interactive Software, retailer Walmart, and PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment America.[106][107] Rockstar and its parent company, Take-Two, filed for dismissal of the lawsuit, stating in US District Court on 29 October 2003 that the "ideas and concepts as well as the 'purported psychological effects' on the Buckners are protected by the First Amendment's free-speech clause". The lawyer of the victims, Jack Thompson, denied that, but failed in his attempt to move the lawsuit into a state court and under Tennessee's consumer protection act.[108] Two days later, the plaintiffs filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, and the case was closed.

In February 2005, a lawsuit was brought upon the makers and distributors of the Grand Theft Auto series claiming the games caused a teenager to shoot and kill three members of the Alabama police force. The shooting took place in June 2003 when Devin Moore, 17 years old at the time, was taken in for questioning by police in Fayette, Alabama regarding a stolen vehicle. Moore then grabbed a pistol from one of the police officers and shot and killed him along with another officer and dispatcher before fleeing in a police car.[109][110] One of Moore's attorneys, Jack Thompson, claimed it was Grand Theft Auto's graphic nature—with his constant playing time—that caused Moore to commit the murders, and Moore's family agrees. Damages were being sought from branches of GameStop and Wal-Mart in Jasper, Alabama, the stores from which Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, respectively, were purchased and also from the games' publisher Take-Two Interactive, and the PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment. On 29 March 2006 the case was dismissed and permission to appeal was denied.[111]

In May 2005, Jack Thompson appeared via satellite on the Glenn Beck program on CNN's Headline News. Thompson mentioned Devin Moore and said, regarding Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, "There's no doubt in my mind [...] that but for Devin Moore's training on this cop killing simulator, he would not have been able to kill three cops in Fayette, Alabama who are now dead and in the ground. We are suing Take-Two, Sony, Wal-Mart, and GameStop for having trained Devin Moore to kill. He had no history of violence. No criminal record."[112]

In September 2006, Thompson brought another lawsuit, claiming that Cody Posey played the game obsessively before murdering his father Delbert Paul Posey, stepmother Tryone Schmid, and stepsister Marilea Schmid on a ranch in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The suit was filed on behalf of the victims' families.[113] The suit alleged that were it not for his obsessive playing of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, the murders would not have taken place.[114] Named in the suit were Cody Posey, Rockstar Games, Take-Two Interactive, and Sony. The suit asked for US$600 million in damages.[115] During the criminal trial, Posey's defence team argued he was abused by his father, and tormented by his stepmother.[116] Posey was also taking Zoloft at the time of the killings.[117] The lawsuit was dismissed in December 2007.[118]

Modding and fan recreations

Main article: Grand Theft Auto modding

Modding of Grand Theft Auto content, either within Grand Theft Auto games or recreated via other software, had generally performed by the player community since around the early 2000s, with one of the first major conversions being the recreation of Grand Theft Auto III's Liberty City within the Vice City engine.[119] Around 2017, Take Two began taking action against these mods, specifically issuing a cease & desist letter to the makers of OpenIV that allowed modders to alter content from Grand Theft Auto IV and V. Take-Two said at the time that its issue was not directly with the mod itself, but that it "enables recent malicious mods that allow harassment of players and interfere with the GTA Online experience for everybody", and that it was working with the OpenIV to find a amenable solution. OpenIV developers opted to remove the mod from circulation after several rounds of discussion with Take-Two.[120] Take-Two issued a statement to clarify that it would not take action against single-player mods;[121] this statement was updated in 2019 to exclude modders from including other Take-Two intellectual property or from "making new games, stories, missions, or maps".[119]

The Grand Theft Auto modding community worked under this response to continue to build out mods and other content within the bounds set by Take-Two.[119] In February 2021, Take-Two issued a Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown of two projects hosted at GitHub that had reverse-engineered the game engines for Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City, asserting that such reversing engineering was disallowed by the game's EULA.[122] On 10 June 2021, the project developers filed a counter-notice; per DMCA rules regarding disputes, the source code was restored after two weeks.[123] Take-Two CEO Strauss Zelnick stated the company has a "pretty flexible" view on user mods, asserting that "if the economy is threatened, or if there's bad behaviour, and we know how to define that, then we would issue a takedown notice".[124] However, the company proceeded to continue to file a lawsuit in California against the programmers behind this effort in September 2021, asserting that the programmers "are well aware that they do not possess the right to copy, adapt, or distribute derivative GTA source code, or the audiovisual elements of the games, and that doing so constitutes copyright infringement."[125] As part of the lawsuit, Take-Two issued another takedown notice to GitHub to remove the mods in October 2021.[126] The modders, in their legal reply, asserted that use of the assets were within fair use, as the reversed engineered versions were transformative in nature and as neither Rockstar nor Take Two had issued any updates for years, did not harm the commercial prospects of the games.[127]

Reception

Aggregate review scores
As of 5 February 2015.
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Grand Theft Auto (PC) 79%[128]
(PS1) 68%[129]
(GBC) 57%[130]		 —
London 1969 (PC) 75%[131]
(PS1) 69%[132]		 —
Grand Theft Auto 2 (PC) 72%[133]
(DC) 71%[134]
(PS1) 70%[135]
(GBC) 35%[136]		 (PS1) 70[137]
Grand Theft Auto III (PS2) 95%[138]
(PC) 94%[139]		 (PS2) 97[140]
(Xbox) 96[141]
(PC) 93[142]
Vice City (PS2) 94%[143]
(PC) 94%[144]		 (Xbox) 96[141]
(PS2) 95[145]
(PC) 94[146]
San Andreas (PS2) 95%[147]
(Xbox) 92%[148]
(PC) 92%[149]		 (PS2) 95[150]
(Xbox) 93[151]
(PC) 93[152]
Advance (GBA) 70%[153] (GBA) 68[154]
Liberty City Stories (PSP) 87%[155]
(PS2) 77%[156]		 (PSP) 88[157]
(PS2) 78[158]
Vice City Stories (PSP) 85%[159]
(PS2) 76%[160]		 (PSP) 86[161]
(PS2) 75[162]
Grand Theft Auto IV (PS3) 97%[163]
(X360) 97%[164]
(PC) 88%[165]		 (PS3) 98[166]
(X360) 98[167]
(PC) 90[168]
The Lost and Damned (PC) 94%[169]
(PS3) 94%[170]
(X360) 90%[171]		 (X360) 90[172]
(PS3) 88[173]
Chinatown Wars (NDS) 93%[174]
(PSP) 90%[175]		 (NDS) 93[176]
(PSP) 90[177]
The Ballad of Gay Tony (PC) 90%[178]
(PS3) 90%[179]
(X360) 90%[180]		 (X360) 89[181]
(PS3) 87[182]
Grand Theft Auto V (XONE) 98%[183]
(PS3) 97%[184]
(PS4) 96%[185]
(X360) 96%[186]
(PC) 95%[187]		 (XONE) 97[188]
(PS3) 97[189]
(PS4) 97[190]
(X360) 97[191]
(PC) 96[192]

Ever since the release of Grand Theft Auto III in 2001, the Grand Theft Auto series has been a major success, both critically and financially. It has shipped more than 370 million units,[193] making it the fifth-highest selling video game franchise of all time, behind Nintendo's Mario and Pokémon,[194] Activision's Call of Duty,[195] and Tetris.[196]

In 2006, Grand Theft Auto was voted one of Britain's top 10 designs in the Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum. The game appeared in a list of British design icons which included Concorde, Jaguar E-Type, Aston Martin DB5, Mini, World Wide Web, Tomb Raider, K2 telephone box, London tube map, AEC Routemaster bus and the Supermarine Spitfire.[5][197]

The series has broken several records, resulting in Guinness World Records awarding the series 10 world records in the Gamer's Edition 2008. These records include Most Guest Stars in a Video Game Series, Largest Voice Cast in a Video Game (Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas), Largest In-Game Soundtrack (Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas) as well as Most Successful Entertainment Launch of All Time (Grand Theft Auto V). Guinness World Records also ranked Grand Theft Auto in third place on their list of top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy.[198] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is listed as the most successful game on the PlayStation 2 according to The Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition.

Grand Theft Auto III, San Andreas and Vice City currently lie at the 2nd, 5th and 6th highest rated PlayStation 2 games on Metacritic, respectively,[199] while Chinatown Wars is rated the best game on the Nintendo DS[200] and the second best on the PlayStation Portable,[201] and Grand Theft Auto IV is currently rated the second best game ever, with a score of 98, only trailing behind The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. Also, Vice City, Grand Theft Auto III, San Andreas, Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V lie at 11th, 24th, 27th, 93rd and 2nd best PC games of all time, on Metacritic.[202][203] Along with this, The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony are currently placed 35th and 59th in the top Xbox 360 games.[204]

Sales

Year Game Sales Acquired label(s)
1997 Grand Theft Auto 3.5 million+[205] PS1 Greatest Hits, Platinum
1999 Grand Theft Auto: London 1969
Grand Theft Auto: London 1961
Grand Theft Auto 2 1 million[206] PS1 Greatest Hits
2001 Grand Theft Auto III 17.5 million[207] PS2 Greatest Hits, Platinum
2002 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 20 million[207] PS2 Greatest Hits, Platinum
2004 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 27.5 million[208][209]
    • PS2 Greatest Hits, Platinum
    • Xbox Platinum Hits

    • PS3 Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360 Platinum Hits
Grand Theft Auto Advance 100,000
2005 Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories 8 million[207]
    • PSP Greatest Hits, Platinum
    • PS2 Platinum
2006 Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories 4.5 million[207]
    • PSP Greatest Hits, Platinum
    • PS2 Platinum
2008 Grand Theft Auto IV 25 million+[210][211]
    • PS3 Greatest Hits, Platinum
    • Xbox 360 Platinum Hits
2009 Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned 1 million+[212][213]
Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars 200,000[214] PSP Greatest Hits
Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony
Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City 160,000+[215]
    • PS3 Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360 Platinum Hits
2013 Grand Theft Auto V 130 million[216]
    • PS3 Greatest Hits
    • Xbox 360 Platinum Hits
Total series sales: 235 million+[194][217]

Similar games

See also: Grand Theft Auto clone

The release of Grand Theft Auto III is treated as a major event in the history of video games, much like the release of Doom nearly a decade earlier.[218]

During interviews to mark the 10th anniversary of the release of Grand Theft Auto III, producer of the Street Fighter series, Yoshinori Ono, said "It would be no exaggeration to say that Grand Theft Auto III changed the industry, and we can basically separate the time before and after its emergence as distinct eras." In the same article Bethesda studios director, Todd Howard, said "The mark of a truly great game is how many people try to recapture or emulate it and fail. There's a long line behind this one."[219]

Subsequent games that follow this formula of driving and shooting have been called "Grand Theft Auto clones". Some reviewers even extended this label to the Driver series, even though this series began years before the release of Grand Theft Auto III.[220] Grand Theft Auto clones are a type of 3D action-adventure game,[221][222][223][224][225] where players are given the ability to drive any vehicle or fire any weapon as they explore an open world.[226] These games often incorporate violent and criminal themes. Notable games that are comparable to Grand Theft Auto are Saints Row,[227] Scarface: The World Is Yours,[228] True Crime: Streets of LA,[229][230] Watch Dogs,[231] Sleeping Dogs,[232] Just Cause,[233] Mafia[234] and The Godfather.[235]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In later games, San Andreas is depicted as a state, mostly based on California and Nevada, while a new city based on San Francisco, San Fierro, is instead featured. Two additional cities, Los Santos (based on Los Angeles) and Las Venturas (based on Las Vegas) also exist in the state of San Andreas.

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Further reading

External links

  • Official website  

January 23, 2023
grand, theft, auto, this, article, about, video, game, series, crime, motor, vehicle, theft, first, game, series, video, game, other, uses, grand, theft, auto, disambiguation, series, action, adventure, games, created, david, jones, mike, dailly, later, titles. This article is about the video game series For the crime see motor vehicle theft For the first game in the series see Grand Theft Auto video game For other uses see Grand theft auto disambiguation Grand Theft Auto GTA is a series of action adventure games created by David Jones and Mike Dailly 2 Later titles were developed under the oversight of brothers Dan and Sam Houser Leslie Benzies and Aaron Garbut It is primarily developed by British development house Rockstar North formerly DMA Design and published by its parent company Rockstar Games The name of the series references the term grand theft auto used in the United States for motor vehicle theft Grand Theft AutoLogo since Grand Theft Auto III 2001 Genre s Action adventureDeveloper s Rockstar North Digital Eclipse Rockstar Leeds Rockstar CanadaPublisher s Rockstar GamesCreator s David Jones 1 Mike Dailly 2 Platform s Android Dreamcast Fire OS Game Boy Advance Game Boy Color iOS macOS Microsoft Windows MS DOS Nintendo DS Nintendo Switch Oculus Quest 2 PlayStation PlayStation 2 PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4 PlayStation 5 PlayStation Portable Windows Phone Xbox Xbox 360 Xbox One Xbox Series X SFirst releaseGrand Theft Auto28 November 1997Latest releaseGrand Theft Auto The Trilogy The Definitive Edition11 November 2021Gameplay focuses on an open world where the player can complete missions to progress an overall story as well as engage in various side activities Most of the gameplay revolves around driving and shooting with occasional role playing and stealth elements The series also has elements of the earlier beat em up games from the 16 bit era The games in the Grand Theft Auto series are set in fictional locales modelled after real life cities at various points in time from the early 1960s to the 2010s The original game s map encompassed three cities Liberty City based on New York City San Andreas based on San Francisco a and Vice City based on Miami but later titles tend to focus on a single setting usually one of the original three locales albeit remodelled and significantly expanded The series centers on different protagonists who attempt to rise through the ranks of the criminal underworld although their motives for doing so vary in each title The antagonists are commonly characters who have betrayed the protagonist or their organisation or characters who have the most impact impeding the protagonist s progress Several film and music veterans have voiced characters in the games including Ray Liotta Dennis Hopper Samuel L Jackson William Fichtner James Woods Debbie Harry Axl Rose and Peter Fonda 3 DMA Design began the series in 1997 with the release of the Grand Theft Auto As of 2020 update the series consists of seven standalone titles and four expansion packs The third main title Grand Theft Auto III released in 2001 is considered a landmark game as it brought the series to a three dimensional 3D setting and more immersive experience Subsequent titles have followed and built upon the concept established in Grand Theft Auto III and received significant acclaim They have influenced other open world action games and led to the label Grand Theft Auto clone on similar titles The series has been critically acclaimed with all the main 3D entries in the franchise frequently ranked among the greatest and best selling video games 4 it has shipped more than 370 million units making it the fifth best selling video game franchise In 2006 Grand Theft Auto was featured in a list of British design icons in the Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum 5 In 2013 The Telegraph ranked Grand Theft Auto among Britain s most successful exports 6 The series has also been controversial for its adult nature and violent themes Contents 1 Titles 1 1 Main series 1 2 Other games 1 3 Compilations 2 Related media 3 Common elements 3 1 Gameplay 3 2 Setting 3 2 1 Liberty City 3 2 2 San Andreas 3 2 3 Vice City 3 2 4 Other settings 3 3 Voice acting 4 Controversies 4 1 Grand Theft Auto 4 2 Grand Theft Auto III 4 3 Vice City 4 4 San Andreas 4 5 Grand Theft Auto IV 4 6 The Lost and Damned 4 7 Chinatown Wars 4 8 Grand Theft Auto V 4 9 Lawsuits 4 9 1 Lawsuits involving Jack Thompson 4 10 Modding and fan recreations 5 Reception 5 1 Sales 6 Similar games 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksTitlesYear Title Developer Platform s Universe 7 Home console Computer Handheld Mobile OtherMain series1997 Grand Theft Auto DMA Design PS1 WindowsMS DOS GBC 2D1999 Grand Theft Auto 2 PS1Dreamcast Windows GBC2001 Grand Theft Auto III PS2Xbox WindowsOS X AndroidiOSFire OS 3D2002 Grand Theft Auto Vice City Rockstar North PS2Xbox WindowsOS X AndroidiOSFire OS2004 Grand Theft Auto San Andreas PS2XboxPS3 A Xbox 360 B WindowsOS X AndroidiOSWPFire OS Oculus Quest 2 C 2008 Grand Theft Auto IV PS3Xbox 360 Windows HD2013 Grand Theft Auto V PS3Xbox 360PS4Xbox OnePS5Xbox Series X S WindowsTBA Untitled Grand Theft Auto game TBAExpansion packs1999 Grand Theft Auto London 1969 Rockstar Canada PS1 WindowsMS DOS 2DGrand Theft Auto London 1961 WindowsMS DOS2009 Grand Theft Auto IV The Lost and Damned Rockstar North PS3Xbox 360 Windows HDGrand Theft Auto The Ballad of Gay Tony PS3Xbox 360 WindowsHandheld games2004 Grand Theft Auto Advance Digital Eclipse GBA 3D2005 Grand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories Rockstar Leeds PS2 PSP iOSAndroidFire OS2006 Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories PS2 PSP2009 Grand Theft Auto Chinatown Wars PSPDS iOSAndroidFire OS HDCompilations and remasters1999 Grand Theft Auto Director s Cut D DMA Design Rockstar Canada PS1 WindowsMS DOS 2D2003 Grand Theft Auto The Classics Collection E PS1 WindowsGrand Theft Auto Double Pack F Rockstar North PS2Xbox 3D2005 Grand Theft Auto The Trilogy G XboxPS2 WindowsOS X2009 Grand Theft Auto Double Pack H Rockstar Leeds PS2 PSPGrand Theft Auto Episodes from Liberty City I Rockstar North Xbox 360PS3 Windows HD2010 Grand Theft Auto IV Complete Edition J Xbox 360PS3 Windows2021 Grand Theft Auto The Trilogy The Definitive Edition K Grove Street Games Switch L PS4PS5Xbox OneXbox Series X S Windows Switch L AndroidiOS 3DNotes Originally available on PlayStation 3 as part of the PlayStation 2 Classics line via the PlayStation Network but later replaced with a HD native release 8 Originally available on Xbox 360 as part of the Xbox Originals line via the Xbox Live Marketplace but later replaced with a HD native release 9 A virtual reality version of San Andreas is in development 10 Includes Grand Theft Auto and London 1969 Includes Grand Theft Auto London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto 2 Includes Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City Includes Grand Theft Auto III Vice City and San Andreas Includes Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories Includes The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony Includes Grand Theft Auto IV The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony Includes remastered versions of Grand Theft Auto III Vice City and San Andreas a b The Nintendo Switch is a hybrid console combining features of home and handheld systems Main series Release timeline 2D universe 3D universe HD universe 7 1997Grand Theft Auto19981999Grand Theft Auto London 1969Grand Theft Auto London 1961Grand Theft Auto 220002001Grand Theft Auto III2002Grand Theft Auto Vice City2003Grand Theft Auto Double Pack2004Grand Theft Auto San AndreasGrand Theft Auto Advance2005Grand Theft Auto The TrilogyGrand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories2006Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories20072008Grand Theft Auto IV2009Grand Theft Auto IV The Lost and DamnedGrand Theft Auto Chinatown WarsGrand Theft Auto The Ballad of Gay Tony2010201120122013Grand Theft Auto VGrand Theft Auto Online20142015201620172018201920202021Grand Theft Auto The Trilogy The Definitive Edition2022TBAUntitled Grand Theft Auto gameThe Grand Theft Auto series is split into separate fictional universes named after the primary level of graphics capability used in each era 7 The original Grand Theft Auto its expansions and its sequel are considered the 2D universe Grand Theft Auto III and its sequels are considered the 3D universe Grand Theft Auto IV its expansions and Grand Theft Auto V are considered the HD universe Each universe is considered separate with only brands place names and background characters shared between them 7 Grand Theft Auto the first game in the series was released for Microsoft Windows and MS DOS in November 1997 ported to the PlayStation in 1998 and the Game Boy Color in 1999 Grand Theft Auto 2 was released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows later receiving ports on the PlayStation Dreamcast and Game Boy Color 11 The PlayStation 2 also featured three instalments of the main series all of which have been re released on several platforms a deal between Take Two Interactive and Sony Computer Entertainment resulted in their timed exclusivity on the PlayStation 2 before receiving ports to Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 12 The 2001 title Grand Theft Auto III moved away from the two dimension 2D graphics used in the first two games to three dimension 3D computer graphics 13 Grand Theft Auto Vice City was published in 2002 and was the first to feature a speaking protagonist voiced by Ray Liotta 14 Grand Theft Auto San Andreas released in 2004 introduced various new elements including character customisation and a large map encompassing three cities and surrounding rural area 15 Two main instalments were published for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 The 2008 title Grand Theft Auto IV focused on realism and detail removing various customisation features while adding an online multiplayer mode 16 Grand Theft Auto V published in 2013 featured three playable protagonists 17 It was released to massive financial success breaking multiple records 18 It was later re released with various enhancements in 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and in 2015 for Microsoft Windows 19 versions for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and S were released in March 2022 20 On 4 February 2022 Rockstar confirmed that development of a new entry in the series was well underway 21 In development footage of the game leaked in September 2022 22 23 Rockstar noted that it was extremely disappointed by the manner in which the game was first demonstrated but that it did not anticipate long term effects on development 24 Other games Grand Theft Auto has spawned numerous additional games and expansion packs In 1999 the original game received two expansion packs Grand Theft Auto London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto London 1961 which as their names suggest featured a different setting a fictional version of London and new missions and characters 11 Grand Theft Auto Advance released in 2004 exclusively for the Game Boy Advance featured a top down perspective similarly to the first two main games in the series and the same setting as Grand Theft Auto III to which it served as a prequel Three games were released for the PlayStation Portable Grand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories in 2005 which is also a prequel to Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories in 2006 which is a prequel to Vice City and Grand Theft Auto Chinatown Wars in 2009 which features the same setting as Grand Theft Auto IV but the two games are otherwise unrelated Both Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories were later ported to the PlayStation 2 while Chinatown Wars was originally released for the Nintendo DS and later ported to PlayStation Portable 25 In 2009 The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony were released for the Xbox 360 as expansion packs to Grand Theft Auto IV a strategic alliance between Rockstar and Microsoft resulted in the timed exclusivity The expansions focus on characters who played a relatively minor role in the main game and whose stories take place simultaneously with Grand Theft Auto IV s Both were later released for the PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows as part of a compilation titled Grand Theft Auto Episodes from Liberty City also available on Xbox 360 26 Numerous titles in the series have received ports to mobile devices Chinatown Wars was released for iOS in 2010 and for Android and Fire OS in 2014 27 For their tenth anniversaries Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City were both re released for iOS and Android in 2011 and 2012 respectively 28 29 In 2013 San Andreas was ported to iOS Android and Windows Phone and RT 30 the mobile port was later re released for Xbox 360 in 2014 the year of the game s tenth anniversary 31 and the following year for PlayStation 3 32 In 2015 Liberty City Stories was ported to iOS Android and Fire OS 33 34 Compilations Grand Theft Auto Double Pack was released in 2003 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox and includes both Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City 35 Grand Theft Auto The Trilogy is a compilation of III Vice City and San Andreas and was first released in 2005 for the Xbox 36 It was later re released for the PlayStation 2 Windows Mac OS X and PlayStation 4 37 38 39 40 The Trilogy also served as the revised package for San Andreas which had to be pulled from shelves due to the controversial Hot Coffee mod 41 A report in August 2021 suggested that Rockstar Dundee was leading development on a remastered version of the trilogy using Unreal Engine 42 following some leaks 43 44 45 Rockstar officially announced Grand Theft Auto The Trilogy The Definitive Edition on 8 October 2021 The game features graphical and gameplay upgrades and replaced existing versions on digital retailers It released for Microsoft Windows Nintendo Switch PlayStation 4 PlayStation 5 Xbox One and Xbox Series X S on 11 November 2021 and will release for Android and iOS in 2022 46 Grand Theft Auto Episodes from Liberty City is a standalone compilation of the two episodes for Grand Theft Auto IV It contains both The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony on one disc It was released on 29 October 2009 for the Xbox 360 and on 13 April 2010 for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 3 Microsoft added Episodes from Liberty City to its backwards compatibility list for Xbox One platforms in February 2017 47 The standalone release of Episodes from Liberty City for Windows was discontinued and replaced by a single player only version of Grand Theft Auto IV Complete Edition in 2020 48 Related mediaThe series has been expanded into various other formats Jacked The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto a book written by David Kushner chronicling the development of the series was published in 2012 49 In March 2015 BBC Two announced The Gamechangers a 90 minute docudrama based on the creation of Grand Theft Auto 50 Directed by Owen Harris and written by James Wood the drama stars Daniel Radcliffe as Rockstar president Sam Houser and Bill Paxton as disbarred attorney Jack Thompson 51 In May 2015 Rockstar filed a lawsuit against the BBC for trademark infringement stating that they had no involvement with the development of the film and had unsuccessfully tried to contact the BBC to resolve the matter 52 It first aired on 15 September 2015 on BBC Two 53 In 2006 McFarland amp Company published The Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto 54 Compiled by Nate Garrelts the 264 page book is a collection of essays regarding the Grand Theft Auto series to help audiences better understand the games and to make a point about due diligence of game criticism The book is divided into two parts the first part discusses the controversies surrounding the series while the second half takes a theoretical look at the games absent of the controversy 55 Roger Corman who produced the unrelated 1977 film Grand Theft Auto claimed that any attempted film adaptation of the video game series was unable to proceed In 2017 he claimed that he sued the video game manufacturer who flat out stole the idea and that they settled out of court and they gave me some money 56 He said that he retains the rights but the way it was actually written in the contract is a little bit cloudy and that his lawyers were analysing the contract to ensure that he can remake the film 56 Take Two Interactive responded to Corman s claims noting that the company owns all rights for films related to the Grand Theft Auto video game series and that it can and will take appropriate legal action against anyone attempting to misuse our intellectual property by attempting to make a new film titled Grand Theft Auto 56 it claimed to have successfully taken legal action against similar attempts in the past 56 Common elementsGameplay Each game in this series allows the player to take on the role of a criminal in the big city typically an individual who plans to rise through the ranks of organised crime through the course of the game The player is given various missions by kingpins and major idols in the city underworld which must be completed to progress through the storyline Assassinations and other violent crimes are featured regularly Occasionally taxi driving firefighting street racing bus driving or learning to fly helicopters and fixed wing aircraft are also involved in the game In later titles notably those released after Grand Theft Auto 2 the player is given a more developed storyline in which they are forced to overcome an unfortunate event e g being betrayed and left for dead which serves as motivation for the character to advance up the criminal ladder and ultimately leads to the triumph of the character by the end of the storyline The Grand Theft Auto series belongs to a genre of free roaming role playing video games called open world games and grants a large amount of freedom to the player Traditional action games are structured as a single track series of levels with linear gameplay but in Grand Theft Auto the player can determine the missions that they want to undertake and their relationship with various characters are changed based on these choices Influenced by the earlier game Turbo Esprit 57 58 the cities of the games can be roamed freely at any point in the game and are examples of open world video game environments which offer accessible buildings with minor missions in addition to the main storyline There are exceptions missions follow a linear overarching plot These missions are required to complete in order to unlock new areas in the game Grand Theft Auto III and subsequent games have more voice acting and radio stations which simulate driving to music with disc jockeys radio personalities commercials talk radio pop music and American culture The use of vehicles in an explorable urban environment provides a basic simulation of a working city complete with pedestrians who generally obey traffic signals Further details are used to flesh out an open ended atmosphere that has been used in several other games such as The Simpsons Hit amp Run which has less emphasis on crime or violence and Lego City Undercover which reverses the roles of police officer and criminal although the player goes undercover in gangs for a portion of the game Criminal activities in Grand Theft Auto games do not go unnoticed by the police As the player engages in these in game illegal activities they may gain a wanted level represented by a maximum of five or six stars A small crime such as running over a non player character may create a one star wanted level situation while shooting an officer may earn more stars As the number of stars increase the amount and strength of the response will increase a single star might have a few police cars chase after the player while at 5 or 6 stars tanks and attack helicopters will chase down the player Many in game missions will automatically give the player a wanted level after completing a certain event which they must then get rid of before the mission is complete Often trying to keep away from the police while wanted will cause the player to gain even higher wanted levels The player can remove their character s wanted level by avoiding detection or spending in game money at specific locations to elude the police such as a mod shop to repaint their car Alternatively if the player character dies they will respawn at a hospital and the wanted level will be removed though the player may lose money guns and other benefits they had before being chased The wanted level gameplay concept has become common in similar open world games Setting Most Grand Theft Auto games are set in fictional parodies of well known United States cities in a number of different time periods The games are split into three different universes 2D 3D and HD each with their own reinterpretations of previously established settings The universes share the names of cities several brands and background characters who never make physical appearances in the games with a few exceptions but are otherwise considered to be separate continuities 7 Liberty City Liberty City based on New York City is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto It is the first setting available to the player The city encompasses two landmasses a large one in the southeast and a smaller one in the northeast and a Manhattan like central island two smaller islands are featured along the river that separates the three main islands The setting also incorporates the neighbouring state of New Guernsey a parody of New Jersey which occupies the northwest portion of the map All four major islands are divided into multiple districts inspired by New York and New Jersey s boroughs A redesigned version of Liberty City was introduced in Grand Theft Auto III set in 2001 This iteration is only loosely based on New York and incorporates elements from other U S cities such as Philadelphia Detroit Boston Chicago and Baltimore 59 The city encompassess three main islands which are gradually unlocked as the game s storyline progresses Portland based on the industrial areas of Brooklyn and Queens with additional elements from Manhattan and Long Island Staunton Island based mostly on Manhattan and Shoreside Vale loosely based on North Jersey The Bronx Staten Island and Upstate New York The islands are connected by road bridges and an underground tunnel system A tunnel leading out of Liberty City can be found in Shoreside Vale but it is impassable by the player This particular version of Liberty City returned in the prequels Grand Theft Auto Advance set in 2000 and Grand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories set in 1998 albeit with several changes to reflect the different time periods The city was also mentioned in Grand Theft Auto Vice City and Grand Theft Auto San Andreas and was the setting of a mission in the latter A third version of Liberty City was featured in Grand Theft Auto IV its expansion packs The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony all three set in 2008 and the handheld game Grand Theft Auto Chinatown Wars set in 2009 This iteration closely resembles New York and consists of four main boroughs which become available to explore as the story progresses Broker based on Brooklyn Dukes Queens Bohan The Bronx and Algonquin Manhattan 60 The placement of these boroughs mirrors that of their real life counterparts Broker and Dukes occupy a large landmass in the southeast while Bohan forms its own smaller island in the northeast and Algonquin acts as the city s central island The setting also incorporates three smaller islands Charge Island Randall s Island Colony Island Roosevelt Island and Happiness Island Liberty Island and a fourth landmass Alderney which is located west of Algonquin and regarded as its own independent state similarly to New Jersey Alderney is absent in Chinatown Wars 61 All islands barring Happiness Island are connected by road bridges underground tunnels and a subway system none of which lead out of the city San Andreas San Andreas based on San Francisco is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto It is the second setting available to the player The locale encompasses two landmasses a large northern portion which is divided into fifteen districts and generally considered to be the city s core and a smaller island in the southeast consisting of only one district which acts as the city s docks area The northern landmass is further divided by Aye Valley which cuts through the heart of the area from the east to the west A reimagined version of San Andreas was featured in Grand Theft Auto San Andreas set in 1992 as a state rather than a city Based on California and Nevada the state encompasses two landmasses separated by a river and surrounded by a large body of water The southern portion of the map features the cities of Los Santos based on Los Angeles and San Fierro San Francisco separated by vast forest and mountain areas By contrast the northern portion is one large desert region and incorporates only one city Las Venturas Las Vegas Both landmasses feature additional rural settlements which are less inhabited than the three major cities The cities are connected by a train track system and each one features an airport which can be used to fast travel from a city to another At the beginning of the game players only have access to Los Santos with the rest of the map being gradually unlocked as the story progresses A third version of San Andreas appeared in Grand Theft Auto V set in 2013 again imagined as a state The game features only the southern portion of the state which is depicted as a large island The southern portion of the island is occupied mostly by the city of Los Santos which resembles Los Angeles much more closely than its San Andreas counterpart while the northern portion known as Blaine County is less inhabited featuring vast areas of desert forest and mountain and only a few small towns 62 This version of San Andreas is currently the only setting in the series that doesn t feature any map limitations allowing players to explore the entire island at the beginning of the game Los Angeles was extensively researched for Grand Theft Auto V The team organised field research trips with tour guides and architectural historians and captured around 250 000 photos and hours of video footage during these visits 63 Since the release of the game hundreds of in game buildings have been identified as being based on real world landmarks 64 The New Yorker s Sam Sweet notes that with sales of the game reaching thirteen million copies there will be more people living in the imaginary state of Los Santos than in the real city on which it was modelled 65 Vice City Vice City based on Miami is one of the three original cities introduced in Grand Theft Auto It is the third setting available to the player The city encompasses one large landmass divided into eight districts which form the city s core and a smaller island Vice Beach in the northeast Like its real life counterpart Vice City is depicted as a tropical city easily distinguished from the other two in the game by its beaches and palm trees A redesigned version of Vice City was introduced in Grand Theft Auto Vice City set in 1986 The city consists of two main landmasses Vice City Beach and Vice City Mainland separated by a large body of water and connected to each other and to two smaller islands Starfish Island and Prawn Island by a series of road bridges At the beginning of the game the player only has access to Vice City Beach with the rest of the city being gradually unlocked as the story progresses The same setting would be later used in the prequel Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories set in 1984 albeit with several changes to reflect the different time period The HD universe version of Vice City has yet to be introduced but has been referenced in both Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V Other settings The London 1969 and London 1961 expansion packs for Grand Theft Auto take place within a fictionalised version of London during the 1960s As such they are the only games in the series to be set outside of the United States The portion of the city used in the games is based on Central London although heavily condensed and mostly geographically inaccurate It consists of two landmasses separated by the River Thames and connected by several road bridges A fictionalised version of Manchester is also featured in the games Grand Theft Auto 2 is set in Anywhere City a fictional U S retrofuturistic metropolis with no apparent inspiration from any real life city The setting consists of three areas which the player will switch between as the story progresses the Downtown District the Residential District and the Industrial District Each district is depicted as its own individual island The game is set in an unspecified time period conflicting sources suggest anything from three weeks into the future 66 to the year 2013 67 while the game itself features several references to the new millennium that is coming implying that the year is 1999 67 Grand Theft Auto V features the fictional town of Ludendorff in the state of North Yankton a parody of North Dakota which is the setting of two missions and is inaccessible outside of the storyline The 2020 update for Grand Theft Auto Online The Cayo Perico Heist introduced the eponymous fictional island a tropical paradise off the Caribbean coast of Colombia privately owned by notorious drug lord Juan El Rubio Strickler The island is used as both a transshipment base and a partying place by El Rubio and draws inspiration from Norman s Cay and Hacienda Napoles Cayo Perico is the first setting in the series not located in the United States since London Voice acting The series has included a wide variety of voice actors The original Grand Theft Auto its mission packs and its sequel as well as Grand Theft Auto Advance and Chinatown Wars did not feature any voice credited to specific roles 68 69 The first game in the series to do so was Grand Theft Auto III which despite a limited budget and the series low profile at the time 70 featured several notable actors from film and television These included Frank Vincent Michael Madsen and Kyle MacLachlan who all had prominent roles At the time it was rare for a video game to use such high profile actors and Grand Theft Auto III is considered a pioneer in doing so 71 The next game Grand Theft Auto Vice City featured more film actors including Ray Liotta as the player character Although the following title Grand Theft Auto San Andreas also featured many notable film actors such as Samuel L Jackson Peter Fonda and James Woods it had been decided that the use of such actors should be reduced particularly for leading roles As a result many of the prominent roles in San Andreas were voiced by lower profile actors or rappers 72 73 From Liberty City Stories through to Grand Theft Auto V the series has continued using lesser known actors to voice main characters but still uses celebrities and real life radio personalities to voice the DJs of the many radio stations featured in each game Some games also feature celebrities portraying themselves such as Lazlow Jones Phil Collins 74 Ricky Gervais 75 Katt Williams 76 and Dr Dre 77 ControversiesAccording to The Guinness World Records 2008 and 2009 Gamer s Edition it is the most controversial video game series in history with over 4 000 articles published about it which include accusations of glamorising violence corrupting gamers and connection to real life crimes 78 Grand Theft Auto The game was controversial from the first incarnation of the series 79 Grand Theft Auto was condemned in Britain Germany and France due to its extreme violence 80 and Brazil banned it outright 80 Publicist Max Clifford planted sensational stories in tabloids in order to help sell the first game 79 81 82 Grand Theft Auto III See also Grand Theft Auto III Controversies The controversies flared up again with Grand Theft Auto III since the 3D graphics made the violence more realistic and players could pay for the services of prostitutes to restore their health and if they wished kill them to get some of their money back 82 There is also criticism from the focus on illegal activities in comparison with traditional heroic roles that other games offer The main character can commit a wide variety of crimes and violent acts while dealing with only temporary consequences including the killing of policemen and military personnel Vice City See also Grand Theft Auto Vice City Controversies The sixth game in the series Grand Theft Auto Vice City also came under criticism One mission in particular in which the player must instigate a gang war between Haitian and Cuban gangs has been controversial Haitian and Cuban anti defamation groups criticised the game Jean Robert Lafortune of the Haitian American Grassroots Coalition is quoted as saying that The game shouldn t be designed to destroy human life it shouldn t be designed to destroy an ethnic group for this and similar scenarios including lines in the game s script such as kill the Haitian dickheads said by character Diaz during an altercation between the player and a Haitian gang After the threat of a lawsuit by the Haitian American Grassroots Coalition Rockstar removed the word Haitians from this phrase in the game s subtitles 83 San Andreas Main article Hot Coffee mod San Andreas was criticised initially due to its gangster elements which include drugs prostitution and murder It later received additional criticism after the discovery of an interactive sex minigame nicknamed Hot Coffee initially cut from the game it remained in the game code and was discovered in both the console and Windows versions of the game After the release of San Andreas modders managed to find the unused code in the game and released unofficial patches for the Windows and Xbox with a modchip versions as well as a PlayStation 2 version through the use of an Action Replay code enabling the player to engage in these sexual mini games dubbed Hot Coffee in reference to a euphemism for sex used in the game These mini games were left partially intact in the game s code This prompted application of an AO Adults Only ESRB rating to the version of the game containing the leftover code Take Two Interactive was forced to re release the game in order to restore the M Mature rating A class action lawsuit against Take Two was also filed as a result of the Hot Coffee code 84 85 Grand Theft Auto IV Main article Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto IV One of the controversies involved with this game was Mothers Against Drunk Driving s MADD criticism of the ability to drink and drive as a new feature MADD had even requested ESRB to change the rating of the game from M for ages seventeen and up to AO for adults only because they felt it was inappropriate for children even at the age of seventeen to experience drunk driving in such a manner 86 In the final game drunk driving is a playable event but it is a crime that automatically generates a wanted rating 87 and main playable character Niko Bellic loudly and drunkenly proclaims that it is a bad idea and that he should know better 88 Notably it is impossible to drive while drunk in the GTA IV expansions The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony These were released after the criticism It is however possible to drive drunk again in the successor Grand Theft Auto V 89 The Lost and Damned See also Grand Theft Auto IV The Lost and Damned Controversy The Lost and Damned expansion pack for Grand Theft Auto IV was condemned by US parents group Common Sense Media who issued a public warning against the pack s content due to a full frontal nudity scene during one of the cutscenes They claimed the game was more controversial than its predecessors because it featured full frontal male nudity 90 Chinatown Wars See also Grand Theft Auto Chinatown Wars Controversy Nintendo wanted us to make Grand Theft Auto and we wanted to make a game on their platform They didn t want us to make a Grand Theft Auto for kids and we weren t interested in making a game we wouldn t normally make Dan Houser on the making of Chinatown Wars for the Nintendo DS 91 There has been some controversy over a drug dealing minigame 92 along with comments that some Nintendo games are being aimed at children despite the fact that the game was rated Mature The drug dealing mini game allows players to peddle six types of drugs around the city but the profit the player makes depends on market conditions which will be based on the area in which they deal and the level of regular service this area receives from them 93 94 Grand Theft Auto V Main article Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V A segment in the latest instalment caused controversy for scenes containing player initiated torture The mission By the Book features graphic depictions of kneecapping electrocution dental extraction and waterboarding and the player is required to perform an act of torture in order to progress in the game 95 96 97 UK based charity Freedom from Torture publicly condemned the use of torture scenes in Grand Theft Auto V The organisation who works to rehabilitate survivors of torture joined other human rights charities who were outraged at a torture scene in the game in which the players have to pull teeth and electrocute an unarmed man in order to extract information The charity s CEO Keith Best stated Rockstar North has crossed a line by effectively forcing people to take on the role of a torturer and perform a series of unspeakable acts if they want to achieve success in the game 95 The game has also been accused of sexism The Los Angeles Times considered the game s satirical portrayals of women uncreative and added that violent and sexist themes hurt the game experience 98 Edge noted that while every female in the game exists solely to be sneered leered or laughed at it treated its all male lead characters in a similar vein through their stereotyped tendencies towards violence 99 Sam Houser Rockstar Games co founder felt that the development team sometimes overlooked their portrayal of women in Grand Theft Auto games but that the weight towards male characters fit with the story we wanted to tell 100 Lawsuits Several celebrities have sued Rockstar Games and or Take Two Interactive for purportedly violating their intellectual property or personality rights including hip hop artist Daz Dillinger 101 Karen Gravano of Mob Wives 102 and actress Lindsay Lohan 103 Lawsuits involving Jack Thompson Further information Jack Thompson activist Grand Theft Auto Former lawyer Jack Thompson has been involved in a number of attempts to get families of murder victims to hold the Grand Theft Auto series accountable for the death of their loved ones Due to his conduct in this and related cases Thompson was disbarred in 2008 104 and was fined more than 100 000 by the Florida Bar Association 105 On 20 October 2003 the families of Aaron Hamel and Kimberly Bede two young people shot by teens William and Josh Buckner who in statements to investigators claimed their actions were inspired by Grand Theft Auto III filed a US 246 million lawsuit against publishers Rockstar Games Take Two Interactive Software retailer Walmart and PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment America 106 107 Rockstar and its parent company Take Two filed for dismissal of the lawsuit stating in US District Court on 29 October 2003 that the ideas and concepts as well as the purported psychological effects on the Buckners are protected by the First Amendment s free speech clause The lawyer of the victims Jack Thompson denied that but failed in his attempt to move the lawsuit into a state court and under Tennessee s consumer protection act 108 Two days later the plaintiffs filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal and the case was closed In February 2005 a lawsuit was brought upon the makers and distributors of the Grand Theft Auto series claiming the games caused a teenager to shoot and kill three members of the Alabama police force The shooting took place in June 2003 when Devin Moore 17 years old at the time was taken in for questioning by police in Fayette Alabama regarding a stolen vehicle Moore then grabbed a pistol from one of the police officers and shot and killed him along with another officer and dispatcher before fleeing in a police car 109 110 One of Moore s attorneys Jack Thompson claimed it was Grand Theft Auto s graphic nature with his constant playing time that caused Moore to commit the murders and Moore s family agrees Damages were being sought from branches of GameStop and Wal Mart in Jasper Alabama the stores from which Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto Vice City respectively were purchased and also from the games publisher Take Two Interactive and the PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment On 29 March 2006 the case was dismissed and permission to appeal was denied 111 In May 2005 Jack Thompson appeared via satellite on the Glenn Beck program on CNN s Headline News Thompson mentioned Devin Moore and said regarding Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto Vice City There s no doubt in my mind that but for Devin Moore s training on this cop killing simulator he would not have been able to kill three cops in Fayette Alabama who are now dead and in the ground We are suing Take Two Sony Wal Mart and GameStop for having trained Devin Moore to kill He had no history of violence No criminal record 112 In September 2006 Thompson brought another lawsuit claiming that Cody Posey played the game obsessively before murdering his father Delbert Paul Posey stepmother Tryone Schmid and stepsister Marilea Schmid on a ranch in Albuquerque New Mexico The suit was filed on behalf of the victims families 113 The suit alleged that were it not for his obsessive playing of Grand Theft Auto Vice City the murders would not have taken place 114 Named in the suit were Cody Posey Rockstar Games Take Two Interactive and Sony The suit asked for US 600 million in damages 115 During the criminal trial Posey s defence team argued he was abused by his father and tormented by his stepmother 116 Posey was also taking Zoloft at the time of the killings 117 The lawsuit was dismissed in December 2007 118 Modding and fan recreations Main article Grand Theft Auto modding Modding of Grand Theft Auto content either within Grand Theft Auto games or recreated via other software had generally performed by the player community since around the early 2000s with one of the first major conversions being the recreation of Grand Theft Auto III s Liberty City within the Vice City engine 119 Around 2017 Take Two began taking action against these mods specifically issuing a cease amp desist letter to the makers of OpenIV that allowed modders to alter content from Grand Theft Auto IV and V Take Two said at the time that its issue was not directly with the mod itself but that it enables recent malicious mods that allow harassment of players and interfere with the GTA Online experience for everybody and that it was working with the OpenIV to find a amenable solution OpenIV developers opted to remove the mod from circulation after several rounds of discussion with Take Two 120 Take Two issued a statement to clarify that it would not take action against single player mods 121 this statement was updated in 2019 to exclude modders from including other Take Two intellectual property or from making new games stories missions or maps 119 The Grand Theft Auto modding community worked under this response to continue to build out mods and other content within the bounds set by Take Two 119 In February 2021 Take Two issued a Digital Millennium Copyright Act DMCA takedown of two projects hosted at GitHub that had reverse engineered the game engines for Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City asserting that such reversing engineering was disallowed by the game s EULA 122 On 10 June 2021 the project developers filed a counter notice per DMCA rules regarding disputes the source code was restored after two weeks 123 Take Two CEO Strauss Zelnick stated the company has a pretty flexible view on user mods asserting that if the economy is threatened or if there s bad behaviour and we know how to define that then we would issue a takedown notice 124 However the company proceeded to continue to file a lawsuit in California against the programmers behind this effort in September 2021 asserting that the programmers are well aware that they do not possess the right to copy adapt or distribute derivative GTA source code or the audiovisual elements of the games and that doing so constitutes copyright infringement 125 As part of the lawsuit Take Two issued another takedown notice to GitHub to remove the mods in October 2021 126 The modders in their legal reply asserted that use of the assets were within fair use as the reversed engineered versions were transformative in nature and as neither Rockstar nor Take Two had issued any updates for years did not harm the commercial prospects of the games 127 ReceptionAggregate review scoresAs of 5 February 2015 Game GameRankings MetacriticGrand Theft Auto PC 79 128 PS1 68 129 GBC 57 130 London 1969 PC 75 131 PS1 69 132 Grand Theft Auto 2 PC 72 133 DC 71 134 PS1 70 135 GBC 35 136 PS1 70 137 Grand Theft Auto III PS2 95 138 PC 94 139 PS2 97 140 Xbox 96 141 PC 93 142 Vice City PS2 94 143 PC 94 144 Xbox 96 141 PS2 95 145 PC 94 146 San Andreas PS2 95 147 Xbox 92 148 PC 92 149 PS2 95 150 Xbox 93 151 PC 93 152 Advance GBA 70 153 GBA 68 154 Liberty City Stories PSP 87 155 PS2 77 156 PSP 88 157 PS2 78 158 Vice City Stories PSP 85 159 PS2 76 160 PSP 86 161 PS2 75 162 Grand Theft Auto IV PS3 97 163 X360 97 164 PC 88 165 PS3 98 166 X360 98 167 PC 90 168 The Lost and Damned PC 94 169 PS3 94 170 X360 90 171 X360 90 172 PS3 88 173 Chinatown Wars NDS 93 174 PSP 90 175 NDS 93 176 PSP 90 177 The Ballad of Gay Tony PC 90 178 PS3 90 179 X360 90 180 X360 89 181 PS3 87 182 Grand Theft Auto V XONE 98 183 PS3 97 184 PS4 96 185 X360 96 186 PC 95 187 XONE 97 188 PS3 97 189 PS4 97 190 X360 97 191 PC 96 192 Ever since the release of Grand Theft Auto III in 2001 the Grand Theft Auto series has been a major success both critically and financially It has shipped more than 370 million units 193 making it the fifth highest selling video game franchise of all time behind Nintendo s Mario and Pokemon 194 Activision s Call of Duty 195 and Tetris 196 In 2006 Grand Theft Auto was voted one of Britain s top 10 designs in the Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum The game appeared in a list of British design icons which included Concorde Jaguar E Type Aston Martin DB5 Mini World Wide Web Tomb Raider K2 telephone box London tube map AEC Routemaster bus and the Supermarine Spitfire 5 197 The series has broken several records resulting in Guinness World Records awarding the series 10 world records in the Gamer s Edition 2008 These records include Most Guest Stars in a Video Game Series Largest Voice Cast in a Video Game Grand Theft Auto San Andreas Largest In Game Soundtrack Grand Theft Auto San Andreas as well as Most Successful Entertainment Launch of All Time Grand Theft Auto V Guinness World Records also ranked Grand Theft Auto in third place on their list of top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy 198 Grand Theft Auto San Andreas is listed as the most successful game on the PlayStation 2 according to The Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer s Edition Grand Theft Auto III San Andreas and Vice City currently lie at the 2nd 5th and 6th highest rated PlayStation 2 games on Metacritic respectively 199 while Chinatown Wars is rated the best game on the Nintendo DS 200 and the second best on the PlayStation Portable 201 and Grand Theft Auto IV is currently rated the second best game ever with a score of 98 only trailing behind The Legend of Zelda Ocarina of Time Also Vice City Grand Theft Auto III San Andreas Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V lie at 11th 24th 27th 93rd and 2nd best PC games of all time on Metacritic 202 203 Along with this The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony are currently placed 35th and 59th in the top Xbox 360 games 204 Sales Year Game Sales Acquired label s 1997 Grand Theft Auto 3 5 million 205 PS1 Greatest Hits Platinum1999 Grand Theft Auto London 1969Grand Theft Auto London 1961Grand Theft Auto 2 1 million 206 PS1 Greatest Hits2001 Grand Theft Auto III 17 5 million 207 PS2 Greatest Hits Platinum2002 Grand Theft Auto Vice City 20 million 207 PS2 Greatest Hits Platinum2004 Grand Theft Auto San Andreas 27 5 million 208 209 PS2 Greatest Hits Platinum Xbox Platinum Hits PS3 Greatest Hits Xbox 360 Platinum HitsGrand Theft Auto Advance 100 0002005 Grand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories 8 million 207 PSP Greatest Hits Platinum PS2 Platinum2006 Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories 4 5 million 207 PSP Greatest Hits Platinum PS2 Platinum2008 Grand Theft Auto IV 25 million 210 211 PS3 Greatest Hits Platinum Xbox 360 Platinum Hits2009 Grand Theft Auto IV The Lost and Damned 1 million 212 213 Grand Theft Auto Chinatown Wars 200 000 214 PSP Greatest HitsGrand Theft Auto The Ballad of Gay TonyGrand Theft Auto Episodes from Liberty City 160 000 215 PS3 Greatest Hits Xbox 360 Platinum Hits2013 Grand Theft Auto V 130 million 216 PS3 Greatest Hits Xbox 360 Platinum HitsTotal series sales 235 million 194 217 Similar gamesSee also Grand Theft Auto clone The release of Grand Theft Auto III is treated as a major event in the history of video games much like the release of Doom nearly a decade earlier 218 During interviews to mark the 10th anniversary of the release of Grand Theft Auto III producer of the Street Fighter series Yoshinori Ono said It would be no exaggeration to say that Grand Theft Auto III changed the industry and we can basically separate the time before and after its emergence as distinct eras In the same article Bethesda studios director Todd Howard said The mark of a truly great game is how many people try to recapture or emulate it and fail There s a long line behind this one 219 Subsequent games that follow this formula of driving and shooting have been called Grand Theft Auto clones Some reviewers even extended this label to the Driver series even though this series began years before the release of Grand Theft Auto III 220 Grand Theft Auto clones are a type of 3D action adventure game 221 222 223 224 225 where players are given the ability to drive any vehicle or fire any weapon as they explore an open world 226 These games often incorporate violent and criminal themes Notable games that are comparable to Grand Theft Auto are Saints Row 227 Scarface The World Is Yours 228 True Crime Streets of LA 229 230 Watch Dogs 231 Sleeping Dogs 232 Just Cause 233 Mafia 234 and The Godfather 235 See alsoGTA gangNotes In later games San Andreas is depicted as a state mostly based on California and Nevada while a new city based on San Francisco San Fierro is instead featured Two additional cities Los Santos based on Los Angeles and Las Venturas based on Las Vegas also exist in the state of San 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p 73 Page 2 What devs think of Grand Theft Auto III Archived 6 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine GamesRadar 18 October 2011 Retrieved on 6 September 2012 Jeff Gerstmann 14 March 2006 Driver Parallel Lines Review GameSpot Archived from the original on 18 October 2016 Retrieved 26 October 2016 Chris Roper 18 September 2006 The Godfather Mob Wars IGN Archived from the original on 19 October 2012 Retrieved 25 July 2008 Steve Tilley 1 April 2007 Wii Godfather for newbies only CANOE Archived from the original on 23 June 2007 Retrieved 25 July 2008 Sam Bishop 16 May 2003 E3 2003 True Crime Streets of LA Update IGN Archived from the original on 22 March 2016 Retrieved 25 July 2008 Will Tuttle 30 August 2006 GameSpy Review Saints Row GameSpy Archived from the original on 17 May 2008 Retrieved 25 July 2008 Blake Snow 30 January 2008 Just Cause 2 announced for Xbox 360 PS3 PC GamePro Archived from the original on 1 February 2008 Retrieved 24 July 2008 Crackdown Community Q amp A EuroGamer 27 March 2007 Archived from the original on 31 January 2009 Retrieved 25 July 2008 Douglass C Perry Saints Row Review Saints Row 2 IGN 28 August 2006 Chris Roper Scarface The World Is Yours Review IGN 6 October 2006 True Crime Streets of LA Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine IGN 31 October 2003 Gameranking PS2 Average 77 Gamerankings com 3 November 2003 Archived from the original on 16 October 2007 Retrieved 16 March 2011 Independent ie 9 June 2014 Archived from the original on 9 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 5 Ways Sleeping Dogs Improves On Grand Theft Auto Kotaku 27 August 2012 Archived from the original on 15 October 2014 Retrieved 27 October 2016 What GTA V can learn from Just Cause 2 Metro News 17 November 2012 Archived from the original on 21 August 2015 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Lemne Bengt 26 August 2010 Mafia II vs GTA IV Gamereactor UK Archived from the original on 27 June 2015 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Totilo Stephen 9 January 2009 What Godfather II Did Better Than GTA Kotaku Archived from the original on 17 September 2015 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Further readingGarrelts Nate 2006 The Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto Jefferson North Carolina United States McFarland ISBN 9780786428229 Kushner David 2012 Jacked The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto Hoboken New Jersey United States Wiley ISBN 978 0470936375 External linksOfficial website Portals United Kingdom United States Video games 1990s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Theft Auto amp oldid 1128703274, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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