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Wikipedia

Pokémon

January 19, 2023

For other uses, see Pokémon (disambiguation).
"PKMN" redirects here. For another game series abbreviated as PKMN, see Pikmin.

Pokémon[a][1][2][3] (an abbreviation for Pocket Monsters[b] in Japan) is a Japanese media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company, founded by Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures. The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1996,[4] and is centered around fictional creatures called "Pokémon". In Pokémon, Pokémon Trainers are people who catch, train, care for, and battle with Pokémon. The English slogan for the franchise is "Gotta Catch ‘Em All!".[5][6] There are currently 1008 Pokémon species.[7]

Pokémon
Logo of Pokémon for its international releases; Pokémon is short for the original Japanese title of Pocket Monsters.
Created bySatoshi Tajiri
Original workPocket Monsters Red and Green (1996)
OwnerNintendo
Creatures
Game Freak
Years1996–present
Print publications
Short storiesPokémon Junior
ComicsSee list of Pokémon manga
Films and television
Film(s)See list of Pokémon films
Short film(s)Pikachu shorts (1998–2015)
Generations (2016)
Twilight Wings (2020)
Evolutions (2021)
Pokétoon (2020–21)
Hisuian Snow (2022)
Animated seriesPokémon (1997–present)
Pokémon Chronicles (2006)
Television special(s)Mewtwo Returns (2000)
The Legend of Thunder (2001)
The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon (2006)
Television film(s)Pokémon Origins (2013)
Theatrical presentations
Musical(s)Pokémon Live! (2000)
Games
TraditionalPokémon Trading Card Game
Pokémon Trading Figure Game
Video game(s)Pokémon video game series
Super Smash Bros.
Audio
Soundtrack(s)Pokémon 2.B.A. Master (1999)
See also list of Pokémon theme songs
Miscellaneous
Theme parkPoképark
Official website
  • Japan
  • United States
  • United Kingdom
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The franchise began as Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (later released outside of Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996. Pokémon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media.[8] Pokémon is one of the highest-grossing media franchise of all time. The Pokémon video game series is the third best-selling video game franchise of all time with more than 440 million copies sold[9] and one billion mobile downloads.[10] The Pokémon video game series spawned an anime television series that has become the most successful video game adaptation of all time[11] with over 20 seasons and 1,000 episodes in 192 countries.[9] The Pokémon Trading Card Game is the highest-selling trading card game of all time[12] with over 43.2 billion cards sold. In addition, the Pokémon franchise includes the world's top-selling toy brand,[13] an anime film series, a live-action film (Detective Pikachu), books, manga comics, music, merchandise, and a temporary theme park. The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media, such as the Super Smash Bros. series, where various Pokémon characters are playable.

History

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Pokémon.

The Pokémon franchise began as Pocket Monsters: Red and Green (later released outside of Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue), a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996.[14] Pokémon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media, with the Pokémon Trading Card Game released in October 1996, the Pokémon Adventures manga first released in Japan in March 1997, and the Pocket Monsters: Original Series released in April 1997. Pocket Pikachu was released in Japan in March 1998, with the July 18: with the first ever Pokémon movie, Pokémon The First Movie: Mewtwo Strikes Back, first released in Japan in July 1998.[15]

In 1998, Nintendo spent $25 million promoting Pokémon in the United States in partnership with Hasbro, KFC, and others.[16] Nintendo initially feared that Pokémon was too Japanese for Western tastes but Alfred Kahn, then CEO of 4Kids Entertainment convinced the company otherwise.[17] The one who spotted Pokémon's potential in the United States was Kahn's colleague Thomas Kenney.[18]

In November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon, announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement. The Pokémon Company International oversees all Pokémon licensing outside Asia.[19] In 2006, the franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary with the release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl.[20] In 2016, the Pokémon Company celebrated Pokémon's 20th anniversary by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 in January and re-releasing the first Pokémon video games 1996 Game Boy games Pokémon Red, Green (only in Japan), and Blue, and the 1998 Game Boy Color game Pokémon Yellow for the Nintendo 3DS on February 26, 2016.[21][22] The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016.[23] Pokémon Sun and Moon also released in the same year. The first live-action film in the franchise, Pokémon Detective Pikachu, based on the 2018 Nintendo 3DS spin-off game Detective Pikachu, was released in 2019.[24] The eighth generation of core series games began with Pokémon Sword and Shield, released worldwide on the Nintendo Switch on November 15, 2019.

To celebrate its 25th anniversary, the company released two additional titles for the Nintendo Switch: Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl, remakes of the Nintendo DS Pokémon Diamond and Pearl games, on November 19, 2021, and its "premake" Pokémon Legends: Arceus, which was subsequently released on January 28, 2022.[25][26]

Pokémon Scarlet and Violet began the ninth generation of the game series when they released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on November 18, 2022.[27]

Name

The name "Pokémon" is a syllabic abbreviation of the Japanese brand Pocket Monsters.[28] The term "Pokémon", in addition to referring to the Pokémon franchise itself, also collectively refers to the many fictional species that have made appearances in Pokémon media. "Pokémon" is identical in the singular and plural, as is each individual species name; it is and would be grammatically correct to say "one Pokémon" and "many Pokémon", as well as "one Pikachu" and "many Pikachu".[29]

Concept

See also: Gameplay of Pokémon, List of Pokémon, and Pokémon universe

Gameplay

 
Artwork from Capsule Monsters, Satoshi Tajiri's early design concept of Pokémon

Pokémon executive director Satoshi Tajiri first thought of Pokémon, albeit with a different concept and name, around 1989, when the Game Boy was released. The concept of the Pokémon universe, in both the video games and the general fictional world of Pokémon, stems from the hobby of insect collecting, a popular pastime which Tajiri enjoyed as a child.[30] Players are designated as Pokémon Trainers and have three general goals: to complete the regional Pokédex by collecting all of the available Pokémon species found in the fictional region where a game takes place, to complete the national Pokédex by transferring Pokémon from other regions, and to train a team of powerful Pokémon from those they have caught to compete against teams owned by other Trainers so they may eventually win the Pokémon League and become the regional Champion. These themes of collecting, training, and battling are present in almost every version of the Pokémon franchise, including the video games, the anime and manga series, and the Pokémon Trading Card Game (also known as TCG).

In most incarnations of the Pokémon universe, a Trainer who encounters a wild Pokémon has the ability to capture that Pokémon by throwing a specially designed, mass-producible spherical tool called a Poké Ball at it. If the Pokémon is unable to escape the confines of the Poké Ball, it is considered to be under the ownership of that Trainer. Afterwards, it will obey whatever commands it receives from its new Trainer, unless the Trainer demonstrates such a lack of experience that the Pokémon would rather act on its own accord. Trainers can send out any of their Pokémon to wage non-lethal battles against other Pokémon; if the opposing Pokémon is wild, the Trainer can capture that Pokémon with a Poké Ball, increasing their collection of creatures. In Pokémon Go, and in Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!, wild Pokémon encountered by players can be caught in Poké Balls, but most cannot be battled. Pokémon already owned by other Trainers cannot be captured, except under special circumstances in certain side games. If a Pokémon fully defeats an opponent in battle so that the opponent is knocked out ("faints"), the winning Pokémon gains experience points and may level up. Beginning with Pokémon X and Y, experience points are also gained from catching Pokémon in Poké Balls. When leveling up, the Pokémon's battling aptitude statistics ("stats", such as "Attack" and "Speed") increase. At certain levels, the Pokémon may also learn new moves, which are techniques used in battle. In addition, many species of Pokémon can undergo a form of metamorphosis and transform into a similar but stronger species of Pokémon, a process called evolution; this process occurs spontaneously under differing circumstances, and is itself a central theme of the series. Some species of Pokémon may undergo a maximum of two evolutionary transformations, while others may undergo only one, and others may not evolve at all. For example, the Pokémon Pichu may evolve into Pikachu, which in turn may evolve into Raichu, following which no further evolutions may occur. Pokémon X and Y introduced the concept of "Mega Evolution," by which certain fully evolved Pokémon may temporarily undergo an additional evolution into a stronger form for the purpose of battling; this evolution is considered a special case, and unlike other evolutionary stages, is reversible.

In the main series, each game's single-player mode requires the Trainer to raise a team of Pokémon to defeat many non-player character (NPC) Trainers and their Pokémon. Each game lays out a somewhat linear path through a specific region of the Pokémon world for the Trainer to journey through, completing events and battling opponents along the way (including foiling the plans of an evil team of Pokémon Trainers who serve as antagonists to the player). Excluding Pokémon Sun and Moon and Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon, the games feature eight powerful Trainers, referred to as Gym Leaders, that the Trainer must defeat in order to progress. As a reward, the Trainer receives a Gym Badge, and once all eight badges are collected, the Trainer is eligible to challenge the region's Pokémon League, where four talented trainers (referred to collectively as the "Elite Four") challenge the Trainer to four Pokémon battles in succession. If the trainer can overcome this gauntlet, they must challenge the Regional Champion, the master Trainer who had previously defeated the Elite Four. Any Trainer who wins this last battle becomes the new champion.

Pokémon universe

Main article: Pokémon universe

Pokémon is set in the fictional Pokémon universe. There are numerous regions that have appeared in the various media of the Pokémon franchise. There are 9 main series regions set in the main series games: Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh/Hisui, Unova, Kalos, Alola, Galar, and Paldea. Each of the nine generations of the main series releases focuses on a new region. Every region consists of several cities and towns that the player must explore in order to overcome many waiting challenges, such as Gyms, Contests and villainous teams. At different locations within each region, the player can find different types of Pokémon, as well as helpful items and characters. Different regions are not accessible from one another at all within a single game, only with the exception of Kanto and Johto being linked together in Pokémon Gold, Silver, Crystal, HeartGold and SoulSilver versions. There are also regions set in spinoff games and two islands in the Pokémon anime (Orange Islands and Decolore Islands), all still set within the same fictional universe.

Each main series region in the Pokémon universe is based on a real world location. The first four regions introduced are based on locations in Japan, being Kantō, Kansai, Kyushu, and Hokkaidō, with later regions being based on parts on New York City, France, Hawaii, the United Kingdom, and the Iberian Peninsula.[31][32]

Video games

Main articles: Pokémon (video game series) and List of Pokémon video games

Generations

All of the licensed Pokémon properties overseen by the Pokémon Company International are divided roughly by generation. These generations are roughly chronological divisions by release; every several years, when a sequel to the 1996 role-playing video games Pokémon Red and Green is released that features new Pokémon, characters, and gameplay concepts, that sequel is considered the start of a new generation of the franchise. The main Pokémon video games and their spin-offs, the anime, manga, and trading card game are all updated with the new Pokémon properties each time a new generation begins.[33] Some Pokémon from the newer games appear in anime episodes or films months, or even years, before the game they were programmed for came out. The first generation began in Japan with Pokémon Red and Green on the Game Boy. As of 2022, there are nine generations of main series video games. The most recent games in the main series, Pokémon Scarlet and Violet began the ninth and latest generation when they released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on November 18, 2022.[34][35][36]

List of Pokémon main series video games

Generation Title Release date System
Generation I
1996–1999

Kanto region

Pocket Monsters: Red and Green February 27, 1996JP Game Boy
Pocket Monsters: Blue October 15, 1996JP
Pokémon Red and Blue September 28, 1998NA
October 23, 1998AUS
October 5, 1999EU
Pokémon Yellow September 12, 1998JP
October 19, 1999NA
September 3, 1999AUS
June 16, 2000EU
Generation II
1999–2002

Johto region

Kanto region

Pokémon Gold and Silver November 21, 1999JP
October 13, 2000AUS
October 14, 2000NA
April 6, 2001EU
April 23, 2002KO		 Game Boy Color
Pokémon Crystal December 14, 2000JP
July 29, 2001NA
September 30, 2001AUS
November 2, 2001EU
Generation III
2002–2006

Hoenn region

Kanto region

Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire November 21, 2002JP
March 18, 2003NA
April 3, 2003AUS
July 25, 2003EU		 Game Boy Advance
Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen January 29, 2004JP
September 7, 2004NA
September 23, 2004AUS
October 1, 2004EU
Pokémon Emerald September 16, 2004JP
April 30, 2005NA
June 9, 2005AUS
October 21, 2005EU
Generation IV
2006–2010

Sinnoh region

Johto region

Kanto region

Pokémon Diamond and Pearl September 28, 2006JP
April 22, 2007NA
June 21, 2007AUS
July 27, 2007EU
February 14, 2008KO		 Nintendo DS
Pokémon Platinum September 13, 2008JP
March 22, 2009NA
May 14, 2009AUS
May 22, 2009EU
July 2, 2009KO
Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver September 12, 2009JP
February 4, 2010KO
March 14, 2010NA
March 25, 2010AUS
March 26, 2010EU
Generation V
2010–2013

Unova region

Pokémon Black and White September 18, 2010JP
March 4, 2011EU
March 6, 2011NA
March 10, 2011AUS
April 21, 2011KO
Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 June 23, 2012JP
October 7, 2012NA
October 11, 2012AUS
October 12, 2012EU
Generation VI
2013–2016

Kalos region

Hoenn region

Pokémon X and Y October 12, 2013WW Nintendo 3DS
Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire November 21, 2014JP, NA, AUS
November 28, 2014EU
Generation VII
2016–2019

Alola region

Kanto region

Pokémon Sun and Moon November 18, 2016JP, NA, AUS
November 23, 2016EU
Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon November 17, 2017WW
Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! November 16, 2018WW Nintendo Switch
Generation VIII
2019–2022

Galar region

Sinnoh/Hisui region

Pokémon Sword and Shield November 15, 2019WW[37][38]
Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl November 19, 2021WW[39]
Pokémon Legends: Arceus January 28, 2022WW[40]
Generation IX
2022—present

Paldea region

Pokémon Scarlet and Violet November 18, 2022[41]

In other media

Anime series

Main article: Pokémon (TV series)

Pokémon, also known as Pokémon the Series to Western audiences since the year 2013, is an anime television series based on the Pokémon video game series. It was originally broadcast on TV Tokyo in 1997. More than 1,000 episodes of the anime has been produced and aired,[42] divided into 7 series in Japan and 22 seasons internationally. It is one of the longest currently running anime series.[42]

The anime follows the quest of the main character, Ash Ketchum (known as Satoshi in Japan), a Pokémon Master in training, as he and a small group of friends travel around the world of Pokémon along with their Pokémon partners.[43]

Various children's books, collectively known as Pokémon Junior, are also based on the anime.[44]

An eight-part anime series called Pokémon: Twilight Wings aired on YouTube in 2020.[45] The series was animated by Studio Colorido.[46]

In July 2021, it was announced that a live action Pokémon series is in early development at Netflix with Joe Henderson attached to write and executive produce.[47]

An eight part anime series in celebration of the Pokémon 25th anniversary called Pokémon Evolutions aired on YouTube in 2021.[48]

Films

Main article: List of Pokémon films
Animated Films Release Timeline
1998Pokémon: The First Movie - Mewtwo Strikes Back
1999Pokémon: The Movie 2000 - The Power of One
2000Pokémon 3: The Movie - Spell of the Unown
2001Pokémon 4Ever: Celebi - Voice of the Forest
2002Pokémon Heroes: Latios and Latias
2003Jirachi—Wish Maker
2004Destiny Deoxys
2005Lucario and the Mystery of Mew
2006Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea
2007The Rise of Darkrai
2008Giratina and the Sky Warrior
2009Arceus and the Jewel of Life
2010Zoroark—Master of Illusions
2011White—Victini and Zekrom
Black—Victini and Reshiram
2012Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice
2013Genesect and the Legend Awakened
2014Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction
2015Hoopa and the Clash of Ages
2016Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel
2017I Choose You!
2018The Power of Us
2019Mewtwo Strikes Back: Evolution
2020Secrets of the Jungle
Live Action Films Release Timeline
2019Pokémon Detective Pikachu

There have been 23 animated theatrical Pokémon films (latest film to be released on December 25, 2020[49]), which have been directed by Kunihiko Yuyama and Tetsuo Yajima, and distributed in Japan by Toho since 1998. The pair of films, Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram and White—Victini and Zekrom are considered together as one film. Collectibles, such as promotional trading cards, have been available with some of the films. Since the 20th film, the films have been set in an alternate continuity separate from the anime series.

Soundtracks

Main article: List of Pokémon theme songs

Pokémon CDs have been released in North America, some of them in conjunction with the theatrical releases of the first three and the 20th Pokémon films. These releases were commonplace until late 2001. On March 27, 2007, a tenth anniversary CD was released containing 18 tracks from the English dub; this was the first English-language release in over five years. Soundtracks of the Pokémon feature films have been released in Japan each year in conjunction with the theatrical releases. In 2017, a soundtrack album featuring music from the North American versions of the 17th through 20th movies was released.

Year Title
June 29, 1999[50] Pokémon 2.B.A. Master
November 9, 1999[51] Pokémon: The First Movie
February 8, 2000 Pokémon World
May 9, 2000 Pokémon: The First Movie Original Motion Picture Score
July 18, 2000 Pokémon: The Movie 2000
Unknown1 Pokémon: The Movie 2000 Original Motion Picture Score
January 23, 2001 Totally Pokémon
April 3, 2001 Pokémon 3: The Ultimate Soundtrack
October 9, 2001 Pokémon Christmas Bash
March 27, 2007 Pokémon X: Ten Years of Pokémon
November 12, 2013 Pokémon X & Pokémon Y: Super Music Collection
December 10, 2013 Pokémon FireRed & Pokémon LeafGreen: Super Music Collection
January 14, 2014 Pokémon HeartGold & Pokémon SoulSilver: Super Music Collection
February 11, 2014 Pokémon Ruby & Pokémon Sapphire: Super Music Collection
March 11, 2014 Pokémon Diamond & Pokémon Pearl: Super Music Collection
April 8, 2014 Pokémon Black & Pokémon White: Super Music Collection
May 13, 2014 Pokémon Black 2 & Pokémon White 2: Super Music Collection
December 21, 2014 Pokémon Omega Ruby & Pokémon Alpha Sapphire: Super Music Collection
April 27, 2016 Pokémon Red and Green Super Music Collection
November 30, 2016 Pokémon Sun & Pokémon Moon: Super Music Collection
December 23, 2017 Pokémon Movie Music Collection2

^ The exact date of release is unknown.

^ Featuring music from Pokémon the Movie: Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction, Pokémon the Movie: Hoopa and the Clash of Ages, Pokémon the Movie: Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel, and Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You!

Pokémon Trading Card Game

Main article: Pokémon Trading Card Game
 
Palkia, the Spatial Pokémon's Trading Card Game card from the Pokémon TCG Diamond and Pearl expansion

The Pokémon Trading Card Game (TCG) is a collectible card game with a goal similar to a Pokémon battle in the video game series. Players use Pokémon cards, with individual strengths and weaknesses, in an attempt to defeat their opponent by "knocking out" their Pokémon cards.[52] The game was published in North America by Wizards of the Coast in 1999.[53] With the release of the Game Boy Advance video games Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, the Pokémon Company took back the card game from Wizards of the Coast and started publishing the cards themselves.[53] The Expedition expansion introduced the Pokémon-e Trading Card Game, where the cards (for the most part) were compatible with the Nintendo e-Reader. Nintendo discontinued its production of e-Reader compatible cards with the release of FireRed and LeafGreen. In 1998, Nintendo released a Game Boy Color version of the trading card game in Japan; Pokémon Trading Card Game was subsequently released to the US and Europe in 2000. The game included digital versions of cards from the original set of cards and the first two expansions (Jungle and Fossil), as well as several cards exclusive to the game. A sequel was released in Japan in 2001.[54]

Manga

Main article: List of Pokémon manga

There are various Pokémon manga series, four of which were released in English by Viz Media, and seven of them released in English by Chuang Yi. The manga series vary from game-based series to being based on the anime and the Trading Card Game. Original stories have also been published. As there are several series created by different authors, most Pokémon manga series differ greatly from each other and other media, such as the anime.[example needed] Pokémon Pocket Monsters and Pokémon Adventures are the two manga in production since the first generation.

Manga released in English
Manga not released in English
  • Pokémon Pocket Monsters by Kosaku Anakubo, the first Pokémon manga. Chiefly a gag manga, it stars a Pokémon Trainer named Red, his rude Clefairy, and Pikachu.
  • Pokémon Card ni Natta Wake (How I Became a Pokémon Card) by Kagemaru Himeno, an artist for the Trading Card Game. There are six volumes and each includes a special promotional card. The stories tell the tales of the art behind some of Himeno's cards.
  • Pokémon Get aa ze! by Miho Asada
  • Pocket Monsters Chamo-Chamo ★ Pretty ♪ by Yumi Tsukirino, who also made Magical Pokémon Journey.
  • Pokémon Card Master
  • Pocket Monsters Emerald Chōsen!! Battle Frontier by Ihara Shigekatsu
  • Pocket Monsters Zensho by Satomi Nakamura

Monopoly

A Pokémon-styled Monopoly board game was released in August 2014.[63]

Live-action series

In July 2021, it was announced that a live-action Pokémon series is reportedly in development at Netflix. Joe Henderson, showrunner of Lucifer, is signed on as writer and executive producer.[64]

Criticisms and controversies

Morality and religious beliefs

Pokémon has been criticized by some fundamentalist Christians over perceived occult and violent themes and the concept of "Pokémon evolution", which they feel goes against the Biblical creation account in Genesis.[65] Sat2000, a satellite television station based in Vatican City, has countered that the Pokémon Trading Card Game and video games are "full of inventive imagination" and have no "harmful moral side effects".[66][67] In the United Kingdom, the "Christian Power Cards" game was introduced in 1999 by David Tate who stated, "Some people aren't happy with Pokémon and want an alternative, others just want Christian games." The game was similar to the Pokémon Trading Card Game but used Biblical figures.[68]

In 1999, Nintendo stopped manufacturing the Japanese version of the "Koga's Ninja Trick" trading card because it depicted a manji, a traditionally Buddhist symbol with no negative connotations. The Jewish civil rights group Anti-Defamation League complained because the symbol is the reverse of a swastika, a Nazi symbol. The cards were intended for sale in Japan only, but the popularity of Pokémon led to import into the United States with approval from Nintendo. The Anti-Defamation League understood that the portrayed symbol was not intended to offend and acknowledged the sensitivity that Nintendo showed by removing the product.[69][70]

In 1999, two nine-year-old boys from Merrick, New York, sued Nintendo because they claimed the Pokémon Trading Card Game caused their problematic gambling.[71]

In 2001, Saudi Arabia banned Pokémon games and the trading cards, alleging that the franchise promoted Zionism by displaying the Star of David in the trading cards (the Colorless energy from the Pokémon Trading Card Game resembles a six-pointed star) as well as other religious symbols such as crosses they associated with Christianity and triangles they associated with Freemasonry; the games also involved gambling, which is in violation of Muslim doctrine.[72][73]

Pokémon has also been accused of promoting materialism.[74]

Animal cruelty

In 2012, PETA criticized the concept of Pokémon as supporting cruelty to animals. PETA compared the game's concept, of capturing animals and forcing them to fight, to cockfights, dog fighting rings and circuses, events frequently criticized for cruelty to animals. PETA released a game spoofing Pokémon where the Pokémon battle their trainers to win their freedom.[75] PETA reaffirmed their objections in 2016 with the release of Pokémon Go, promoting the hashtag #GottaFreeThemAll.[76]

Health

Main article: Dennō Senshi Porygon
See also: Burger King Pokémon container recall

On December 16, 1997, more than 635 Japanese children were admitted to hospitals with epileptic seizures.[77] It was determined the seizures were caused by watching an episode of Pokémon "Dennō Senshi Porygon", (most commonly translated "Electric Soldier Porygon", season 1, episode 38); as a result, this episode has not been aired since. In this particular episode, there were bright explosions with rapidly alternating blue and red color patterns.[78] It was determined in subsequent research that these strobing light effects cause some individuals to have epileptic seizures, even if the person had no previous history of epilepsy.[79] This incident is a common focus of Pokémon-related parodies in other media, and was lampooned by The Simpsons episode "Thirty Minutes over Tokyo" in a short cameo[80] and the South Park episode "Chinpokomon",[81] among others.

Monster in My Pocket

In March 2000, Morrison Entertainment Group, a toy developer based at Manhattan Beach, California, sued Nintendo over claims that Pokémon infringed on its own Monster in My Pocket characters. A judge ruled there was no infringement and Morrison appealed the ruling. On February 4, 2003, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the decision by the District Court to dismiss the suit.[82]

Pokémon Go

See also: Criticism and incidents

Within its first two days of release, Pokémon Go raised safety concerns among players. Multiple people also suffered minor injuries from falling while playing the game due to being distracted.[83]

Multiple police departments in various countries have issued warnings, some tongue-in-cheek, regarding inattentive driving, trespassing, and being targeted by criminals due to being unaware of one's surroundings.[84][85] People have suffered various injuries from accidents related to the game,[86][87][88][89] and Bosnian players have been warned to stay out of minefields left over from the 1990s Bosnian War.[90] On July 20, 2016, it was reported that an 18-year-old boy in Chiquimula, Guatemala, was shot and killed while playing the game in the late evening hours. This was the first reported death in connection with the app. The boy's 17-year-old cousin, who was accompanying the victim, was shot in the foot. Police speculated that the shooters used the game's GPS capability to find the two.[91]

Cultural influence

 
All Nippon Airways Boeing 747-400 in Pokémon livery, dubbed a Pokémon Jet

Pokémon, being a globally popular franchise, has left a significant mark on today's popular culture. The various species of Pokémon have become pop culture icons; examples include two different Pikachu balloons in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Pokémon-themed airplanes operated by All Nippon Airways, merchandise items, and a traveling theme park that was in Nagoya, Japan in 2005 and in Taipei in 2006. Pokémon also appeared on the cover of the U.S. magazine Time in 1999.[92] The Comedy Central show Drawn Together has a character named Ling-Ling who is a parody of Pikachu.[93] Several other shows such as The Simpsons,[94] South Park[95] and Robot Chicken[96] have made references and spoofs of Pokémon, among other series. Pokémon was featured on VH1's I Love the '90s: Part Deux. A live action show based on the anime called Pokémon Live! toured the United States in late 2000.[97] Jim Butcher cites Pokémon as one of the inspirations for the Codex Alera series of novels.[98]

Pokémon has even made its mark in the realm of science. This includes animals named after Pokémon, such as Stentorceps weedlei (named after the Pokémon Weedle for its resemblance) and Chilicola charizard (named after the Pokémon Charizard) as well as Binburrum articuno, Binburrum zapdos, and Binburrum moltres (named after the Pokémon Articuno, Zapdos, and Moltres, respectively).[99][100] There is also a protein named after Pikachu, called Pikachurin.

In November 2001, Nintendo opened a store called the Pokémon Center in New York, in Rockefeller Center,[101] modeled after the two other Pokémon Center stores in Tokyo and Osaka and named after a staple of the video game series. Pokémon Centers are fictional buildings where Trainers take their injured Pokémon to be healed after combat.[102] The store sold Pokémon merchandise on a total of two floors, with items ranging from collectible shirts to stuffed Pokémon plushies.[103] The store also featured a Pokémon Distributing Machine in which players would place their game to receive an egg of a Pokémon that was being given out at that time. The store also had tables that were open for players of the Pokémon Trading Card Game to duel each other or an employee. The store was closed and replaced by the Nintendo World Store on May 14, 2005.[104] Four Pokémon Center kiosks were put in malls in the Seattle area.[105] The Pokémon Center online store was relaunched on August 6, 2014.[106]

 
Meitetsu 2200 series train Giratina & Shaymin

Professor of education Joseph Tobin theorizes that the success of the franchise was due to the long list of names that could be learned by children and repeated in their peer groups. Its rich fictional universe provides opportunities for discussion and demonstration of knowledge in front of their peers. The names of the creatures were linked to its characteristics, which converged with the children's belief that names have symbolic power. Children can pick their favourite Pokémon and affirm their individuality while at the same time affirming their conformance to the values of the group, and they can distinguish themselves from others by asserting what they liked and what they did not like from every chapter. Pokémon gained popularity because it provides a sense of identity to a wide variety of children, and lost it quickly when many of those children found that the identity groups were too big and searched for identities that would distinguish them into smaller groups.[107][page needed]

 
E3 Series Shinkansen train in Pokémon livery

Pokémon's history has been marked at times by rivalry with the Digimon media franchise that debuted at a similar time. Described as "the other 'mon'" by IGN's Juan Castro, Digimon has not enjoyed Pokémon's level of international popularity or success, but has maintained a dedicated fanbase.[108] IGN's Lucas M. Thomas stated that Pokémon is Digimon's "constant competition and comparison", attributing the former's relative success to the simplicity of its evolution mechanic as opposed to Digivolution.[109] The two have been noted for conceptual and stylistic similarities by sources such as GameZone.[110] A debate among fans exists over which of the two franchises came first.[111] In actuality, the first Pokémon media, Pokémon Red and Green, were released initially on February 27, 1996;[112] whereas the Digimon virtual pet was released on June 26, 1997.

Fan community

See also: Pokémon competitive play

While Pokémon's target demographic is children, early purchasers of Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire were in their 20s.[113] Many fans are adults who originally played the games as children and had later returned to the series.[113]

Numerous fan sites exist for the Pokémon franchise, including Bulbagarden, a site hosting the wiki-based encyclopedia Bulbapedia,[114][115][116] and Serebii,[117] a news and reference website.[118] Large fan communities exist on other platforms, such as the subreddit r/pokemon, which has over 4 million subscribers.[119]

A significant community around the Pokémon video games' metagame has existed for a long time, analyzing the best ways to use each Pokémon to their full potential in competitive battles. The most prolific competitive community is Smogon University, which has created a widely accepted tier-based battle system.[120] Smogon is affiliated with an online Pokémon game called Pokémon Showdown, in which players create a team and battle against other players around the world using the competitive tiers created by Smogon.[121]

In early 2014, an anonymous video streamer on Twitch launched Twitch Plays Pokémon, a small experiment trying to crowdsource playing subsequent Pokémon games, that started with the game Pokémon Red and has since included subsequent games in the series.[122][123]

A study at Stanford Neurosciences published in Nature performed magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 Pokémon experts and 11 controls, finding that seeing Pokémon stimulated activity in the visual cortex, in a different place than is triggered by recognizing faces, places, or words, demonstrating the brain's ability to create such specialized areas.[124][125]

Nuzlocke Challenge

A challenge called the Nuzlocke Challenge allows players to only capture the first Pokémon encountered in each area. Using rules from a webcomic originally named "Pokémon Hard-Mode", if they do not succeed in capturing that Pokémon, there are no second chances. When a Pokémon faints, it is considered "dead" and must be released or stored in the PC permanently.[126][127] If the player faints, the game is considered over, and the player must restart.[128] The original idea consisted of 2 to 3 rules that the community has built upon. There are many fan made Pokémon games that contain a game mode similar to the Nuzlocke Challenge, such as Pokémon Uranium.

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: ポケモン, Hepburn: Pokemon, [pokemoɴ] English: /ˈpoʊkɪmɒn, -ki-, -keɪ-/
  2. ^ Japanese: ポケットモンスター, Hepburn: Poketto Monsutā, [poketto moɰ̃sɯ̥taː]

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Further reading

  • Tobin, Joseph, ed. (February 2004). Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3287-6.

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Pokémon.
 
Look up pokémon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pokémon.
  • Official hub for regional Pokémon websites
    • Official Japanese website of Pokémon (in Japanese)
    • Official US website of Pokémon
    • Official UK website of Pokémon
    • Official India website of Pokémon

January 19, 2023
pokémon, other, uses, disambiguation, pkmn, redirects, here, another, game, series, abbreviated, pkmn, pikmin, abbreviation, pocket, monsters, japan, japanese, media, franchise, managed, company, founded, nintendo, game, freak, creatures, franchise, created, s. For other uses see Pokemon disambiguation PKMN redirects here For another game series abbreviated as PKMN see Pikmin Pokemon a 1 2 3 an abbreviation for Pocket Monsters b in Japan is a Japanese media franchise managed by The Pokemon Company founded by Nintendo Game Freak and Creatures The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1996 4 and is centered around fictional creatures called Pokemon In Pokemon Pokemon Trainers are people who catch train care for and battle with Pokemon The English slogan for the franchise is Gotta Catch Em All 5 6 There are currently 1008 Pokemon species 7 PokemonLogo of Pokemon for its international releases Pokemon is short for the original Japanese title of Pocket Monsters Created bySatoshi TajiriOriginal workPocket Monsters Red and Green 1996 OwnerNintendoCreaturesGame FreakYears1996 presentPrint publicationsShort storiesPokemon JuniorComicsSee list of Pokemon mangaFilms and televisionFilm s See list of Pokemon filmsShort film s Pikachu shorts 1998 2015 Generations 2016 Twilight Wings 2020 Evolutions 2021 Poketoon 2020 21 Hisuian Snow 2022 Animated seriesPokemon 1997 present Pokemon Chronicles 2006 Television special s Mewtwo Returns 2000 The Legend of Thunder 2001 The Mastermind of Mirage Pokemon 2006 Television film s Pokemon Origins 2013 Theatrical presentationsMusical s Pokemon Live 2000 GamesTraditionalPokemon Trading Card GamePokemon Trading Figure GameVideo game s Pokemon video game seriesSuper Smash Bros AudioSoundtrack s Pokemon 2 B A Master 1999 See also list of Pokemon theme songsMiscellaneousTheme parkPokeparkOfficial websiteJapan United States United KingdomThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA The franchise began as Pocket Monsters Red and Green later released outside of Japan as Pokemon Red and Blue a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996 Pokemon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media 8 Pokemon is one of the highest grossing media franchise of all time The Pokemon video game series is the third best selling video game franchise of all time with more than 440 million copies sold 9 and one billion mobile downloads 10 The Pokemon video game series spawned an anime television series that has become the most successful video game adaptation of all time 11 with over 20 seasons and 1 000 episodes in 192 countries 9 The Pokemon Trading Card Game is the highest selling trading card game of all time 12 with over 43 2 billion cards sold In addition the Pokemon franchise includes the world s top selling toy brand 13 an anime film series a live action film Detective Pikachu books manga comics music merchandise and a temporary theme park The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media such as the Super Smash Bros series where various Pokemon characters are playable Contents 1 History 2 Name 3 Concept 3 1 Gameplay 3 2 Pokemon universe 4 Video games 4 1 Generations 4 2 List of Pokemon main series video games 5 In other media 5 1 Anime series 5 2 Films 5 3 Soundtracks 5 4 Pokemon Trading Card Game 5 5 Manga 5 6 Monopoly 5 7 Live action series 6 Criticisms and controversies 6 1 Morality and religious beliefs 6 2 Animal cruelty 6 3 Health 6 4 Monster in My Pocket 6 5 Pokemon Go 7 Cultural influence 7 1 Fan community 7 1 1 Nuzlocke Challenge 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksHistoryFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Pokemon The Pokemon franchise began as Pocket Monsters Red and Green later released outside of Japan as Pokemon Red and Blue a pair of video games for the original Game Boy handheld system that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo in February 1996 14 Pokemon soon became a media mix franchise adapted into various different media with the Pokemon Trading Card Game released in October 1996 the Pokemon Adventures manga first released in Japan in March 1997 and the Pocket Monsters Original Series released in April 1997 Pocket Pikachu was released in Japan in March 1998 with the July 18 with the first ever Pokemon movie Pokemon The First Movie Mewtwo Strikes Back first released in Japan in July 1998 15 In 1998 Nintendo spent 25 million promoting Pokemon in the United States in partnership with Hasbro KFC and others 16 Nintendo initially feared that Pokemon was too Japanese for Western tastes but Alfred Kahn then CEO of 4Kids Entertainment convinced the company otherwise 17 The one who spotted Pokemon s potential in the United States was Kahn s colleague Thomas Kenney 18 In November 2005 4Kids Entertainment which had managed the non game related licensing of Pokemon announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokemon representation agreement The Pokemon Company International oversees all Pokemon licensing outside Asia 19 In 2006 the franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary with the release of Pokemon Diamond and Pearl 20 In 2016 the Pokemon Company celebrated Pokemon s 20th anniversary by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 in January and re releasing the first Pokemon video games 1996 Game Boy games Pokemon Red Green only in Japan and Blue and the 1998 Game Boy Color game Pokemon Yellow for the Nintendo 3DS on February 26 2016 21 22 The mobile augmented reality game Pokemon Go was released in July 2016 23 Pokemon Sun and Moon also released in the same year The first live action film in the franchise Pokemon Detective Pikachu based on the 2018 Nintendo 3DS spin off game Detective Pikachu was released in 2019 24 The eighth generation of core series games began with Pokemon Sword and Shield released worldwide on the Nintendo Switch on November 15 2019 To celebrate its 25th anniversary the company released two additional titles for the Nintendo Switch Pokemon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl remakes of the Nintendo DS Pokemon Diamond and Pearl games on November 19 2021 and its premake Pokemon Legends Arceus which was subsequently released on January 28 2022 25 26 Pokemon Scarlet and Violet began the ninth generation of the game series when they released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on November 18 2022 27 NameThe name Pokemon is a syllabic abbreviation of the Japanese brand Pocket Monsters 28 The term Pokemon in addition to referring to the Pokemon franchise itself also collectively refers to the many fictional species that have made appearances in Pokemon media Pokemon is identical in the singular and plural as is each individual species name it is and would be grammatically correct to say one Pokemon and many Pokemon as well as one Pikachu and many Pikachu 29 ConceptSee also Gameplay of Pokemon List of Pokemon and Pokemon universe Gameplay Artwork from Capsule Monsters Satoshi Tajiri s early design concept of Pokemon Pokemon executive director Satoshi Tajiri first thought of Pokemon albeit with a different concept and name around 1989 when the Game Boy was released The concept of the Pokemon universe in both the video games and the general fictional world of Pokemon stems from the hobby of insect collecting a popular pastime which Tajiri enjoyed as a child 30 Players are designated as Pokemon Trainers and have three general goals to complete the regional Pokedex by collecting all of the available Pokemon species found in the fictional region where a game takes place to complete the national Pokedex by transferring Pokemon from other regions and to train a team of powerful Pokemon from those they have caught to compete against teams owned by other Trainers so they may eventually win the Pokemon League and become the regional Champion These themes of collecting training and battling are present in almost every version of the Pokemon franchise including the video games the anime and manga series and the Pokemon Trading Card Game also known as TCG In most incarnations of the Pokemon universe a Trainer who encounters a wild Pokemon has the ability to capture that Pokemon by throwing a specially designed mass producible spherical tool called a Poke Ball at it If the Pokemon is unable to escape the confines of the Poke Ball it is considered to be under the ownership of that Trainer Afterwards it will obey whatever commands it receives from its new Trainer unless the Trainer demonstrates such a lack of experience that the Pokemon would rather act on its own accord Trainers can send out any of their Pokemon to wage non lethal battles against other Pokemon if the opposing Pokemon is wild the Trainer can capture that Pokemon with a Poke Ball increasing their collection of creatures In Pokemon Go and in Pokemon Let s Go Pikachu and Let s Go Eevee wild Pokemon encountered by players can be caught in Poke Balls but most cannot be battled Pokemon already owned by other Trainers cannot be captured except under special circumstances in certain side games If a Pokemon fully defeats an opponent in battle so that the opponent is knocked out faints the winning Pokemon gains experience points and may level up Beginning with Pokemon X and Y experience points are also gained from catching Pokemon in Poke Balls When leveling up the Pokemon s battling aptitude statistics stats such as Attack and Speed increase At certain levels the Pokemon may also learn new moves which are techniques used in battle In addition many species of Pokemon can undergo a form of metamorphosis and transform into a similar but stronger species of Pokemon a process called evolution this process occurs spontaneously under differing circumstances and is itself a central theme of the series Some species of Pokemon may undergo a maximum of two evolutionary transformations while others may undergo only one and others may not evolve at all For example the Pokemon Pichu may evolve into Pikachu which in turn may evolve into Raichu following which no further evolutions may occur Pokemon X and Y introduced the concept of Mega Evolution by which certain fully evolved Pokemon may temporarily undergo an additional evolution into a stronger form for the purpose of battling this evolution is considered a special case and unlike other evolutionary stages is reversible In the main series each game s single player mode requires the Trainer to raise a team of Pokemon to defeat many non player character NPC Trainers and their Pokemon Each game lays out a somewhat linear path through a specific region of the Pokemon world for the Trainer to journey through completing events and battling opponents along the way including foiling the plans of an evil team of Pokemon Trainers who serve as antagonists to the player Excluding Pokemon Sun and Moon and Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon the games feature eight powerful Trainers referred to as Gym Leaders that the Trainer must defeat in order to progress As a reward the Trainer receives a Gym Badge and once all eight badges are collected the Trainer is eligible to challenge the region s Pokemon League where four talented trainers referred to collectively as the Elite Four challenge the Trainer to four Pokemon battles in succession If the trainer can overcome this gauntlet they must challenge the Regional Champion the master Trainer who had previously defeated the Elite Four Any Trainer who wins this last battle becomes the new champion Pokemon universe Main article Pokemon universe Pokemon is set in the fictional Pokemon universe There are numerous regions that have appeared in the various media of the Pokemon franchise There are 9 main series regions set in the main series games Kanto Johto Hoenn Sinnoh Hisui Unova Kalos Alola Galar and Paldea Each of the nine generations of the main series releases focuses on a new region Every region consists of several cities and towns that the player must explore in order to overcome many waiting challenges such as Gyms Contests and villainous teams At different locations within each region the player can find different types of Pokemon as well as helpful items and characters Different regions are not accessible from one another at all within a single game only with the exception of Kanto and Johto being linked together in Pokemon Gold Silver Crystal HeartGold and SoulSilver versions There are also regions set in spinoff games and two islands in the Pokemon anime Orange Islands and Decolore Islands all still set within the same fictional universe Each main series region in the Pokemon universe is based on a real world location The first four regions introduced are based on locations in Japan being Kantō Kansai Kyushu and Hokkaidō with later regions being based on parts on New York City France Hawaii the United Kingdom and the Iberian Peninsula 31 32 Pokemon world in relation to the real world Pokemon region Real world location basisKanto Sevii Islands Kantō Japan Izu Islands and Bonin Islands JapanJohto Kansai JapanHoenn Kyushu JapanSinnoh Hisui Battle Zone Hokkaido Japan Sakhalin RussiaUnova New York City United StatesKalos Metropolitan FranceAlola Hawaii United StatesGalar Isle of Armor Crown Tundra England and Wales United Kingdom Isle of Man Scotland United KingdomPaldea Spain and Portugal Iberian Peninsula Video gamesMain articles Pokemon video game series and List of Pokemon video games Generations Core Series Release Timeline1996Red and GreenBlue19971998YellowRed and Blue1999Gold and Silver2000Crystal20012002Ruby and Sapphire20032004FireRed and LeafGreenEmerald20052006Diamond and Pearl20072008Platinum2009HeartGold and SoulSilver2010Black and White20112012Black 2 and White 22013X and Y2014Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire20152016Sun and Moon2017Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon2018Let s Go Pikachu and Let s Go Eevee 2019Sword and Shield2020The Isle of Armor DLC The Crown Tundra DLC 2021Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl2022Legends ArceusScarlet and VioletAll of the licensed Pokemon properties overseen by the Pokemon Company International are divided roughly by generation These generations are roughly chronological divisions by release every several years when a sequel to the 1996 role playing video games Pokemon Red and Green is released that features new Pokemon characters and gameplay concepts that sequel is considered the start of a new generation of the franchise The main Pokemon video games and their spin offs the anime manga and trading card game are all updated with the new Pokemon properties each time a new generation begins 33 Some Pokemon from the newer games appear in anime episodes or films months or even years before the game they were programmed for came out The first generation began in Japan with Pokemon Red and Green on the Game Boy As of 2022 there are nine generations of main series video games The most recent games in the main series Pokemon Scarlet and Violet began the ninth and latest generation when they released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on November 18 2022 34 35 36 List of Pokemon main series video games Generation Title Release date SystemGeneration I1996 1999 Kanto region Pocket Monsters Red and Green February 27 1996JP Game BoyPocket Monsters Blue October 15 1996JPPokemon Red and Blue September 28 1998NAOctober 23 1998AUSOctober 5 1999EUPokemon Yellow September 12 1998JPOctober 19 1999NASeptember 3 1999AUSJune 16 2000EUGeneration II1999 2002 Johto regionKanto region Pokemon Gold and Silver November 21 1999JPOctober 13 2000AUSOctober 14 2000NAApril 6 2001EUApril 23 2002KO Game Boy ColorPokemon Crystal December 14 2000JPJuly 29 2001NASeptember 30 2001AUSNovember 2 2001EUGeneration III2002 2006 Hoenn regionKanto region Pokemon Ruby and Sapphire November 21 2002JPMarch 18 2003NAApril 3 2003AUSJuly 25 2003EU Game Boy AdvancePokemon FireRed and LeafGreen January 29 2004JPSeptember 7 2004NASeptember 23 2004AUSOctober 1 2004EUPokemon Emerald September 16 2004JPApril 30 2005NAJune 9 2005AUSOctober 21 2005EUGeneration IV2006 2010 Sinnoh regionJohto regionKanto region Pokemon Diamond and Pearl September 28 2006JPApril 22 2007NAJune 21 2007AUSJuly 27 2007EUFebruary 14 2008KO Nintendo DSPokemon Platinum September 13 2008JPMarch 22 2009NAMay 14 2009AUSMay 22 2009EUJuly 2 2009KOPokemon HeartGold and SoulSilver September 12 2009JPFebruary 4 2010KOMarch 14 2010NAMarch 25 2010AUSMarch 26 2010EUGeneration V2010 2013 Unova region Pokemon Black and White September 18 2010JPMarch 4 2011EUMarch 6 2011NAMarch 10 2011AUSApril 21 2011KOPokemon Black 2 and White 2 June 23 2012JPOctober 7 2012NAOctober 11 2012AUSOctober 12 2012EUGeneration VI2013 2016 Kalos regionHoenn region Pokemon X and Y October 12 2013WW Nintendo 3DSPokemon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire November 21 2014JP NA AUSNovember 28 2014EUGeneration VII2016 2019 Alola regionKanto region Pokemon Sun and Moon November 18 2016JP NA AUSNovember 23 2016EUPokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon November 17 2017WWPokemon Let s Go Pikachu and Let s Go Eevee November 16 2018WW Nintendo SwitchGeneration VIII2019 2022 Galar regionSinnoh Hisui region Pokemon Sword and Shield November 15 2019WW 37 38 Pokemon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl November 19 2021WW 39 Pokemon Legends Arceus January 28 2022WW 40 Generation IX2022 present Paldea region Pokemon Scarlet and Violet November 18 2022 41 In other mediaAnime series Main article Pokemon TV series Anime Season Release Timeline1997Indigo League19981999Adventures in the Orange IslandsThe Johto Journeys2000Johto League Champions2001Master Quest2002Advanced2003Advanced Challenge2004Advanced Battle2005Battle Frontier2006Diamond and Pearl2007Diamond and Pearl Battle Dimension2008Diamond and Pearl Galactic Battles20092010Diamond and Pearl Sinnoh League VictorsBlack amp White2011Black amp White Rival Destinies2012Black amp White Adventures in Unova2013Black amp White Adventures in Unova and BeyondXY2014XY Kalos Quest2015XYZ2016Sun and Moon2017Sun amp Moon Ultra Adventures2018Sun amp Moon Ultra Legends2019Journeys2020Master Journeys2021Ultimate JourneysPokemon also known as Pokemon the Series to Western audiences since the year 2013 is an anime television series based on the Pokemon video game series It was originally broadcast on TV Tokyo in 1997 More than 1 000 episodes of the anime has been produced and aired 42 divided into 7 series in Japan and 22 seasons internationally It is one of the longest currently running anime series 42 The anime follows the quest of the main character Ash Ketchum known as Satoshi in Japan a Pokemon Master in training as he and a small group of friends travel around the world of Pokemon along with their Pokemon partners 43 Various children s books collectively known as Pokemon Junior are also based on the anime 44 An eight part anime series called Pokemon Twilight Wings aired on YouTube in 2020 45 The series was animated by Studio Colorido 46 In July 2021 it was announced that a live action Pokemon series is in early development at Netflix with Joe Henderson attached to write and executive produce 47 An eight part anime series in celebration of the Pokemon 25th anniversary called Pokemon Evolutions aired on YouTube in 2021 48 Films Main article List of Pokemon films Animated Films Release Timeline1998Pokemon The First Movie Mewtwo Strikes Back1999Pokemon The Movie 2000 The Power of One2000Pokemon 3 The Movie Spell of the Unown2001Pokemon 4Ever Celebi Voice of the Forest2002Pokemon Heroes Latios and Latias2003Jirachi Wish Maker2004Destiny Deoxys2005Lucario and the Mystery of Mew2006Pokemon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea2007The Rise of Darkrai2008Giratina and the Sky Warrior2009Arceus and the Jewel of Life2010Zoroark Master of Illusions2011White Victini and ZekromBlack Victini and Reshiram2012Kyurem vs the Sword of Justice2013Genesect and the Legend Awakened2014Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction2015Hoopa and the Clash of Ages2016Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel2017I Choose You 2018The Power of Us2019Mewtwo Strikes Back Evolution2020Secrets of the JungleLive Action Films Release Timeline2019Pokemon Detective PikachuThere have been 23 animated theatrical Pokemon films latest film to be released on December 25 2020 49 which have been directed by Kunihiko Yuyama and Tetsuo Yajima and distributed in Japan by Toho since 1998 The pair of films Pokemon the Movie Black Victini and Reshiram and White Victini and Zekrom are considered together as one film Collectibles such as promotional trading cards have been available with some of the films Since the 20th film the films have been set in an alternate continuity separate from the anime series Soundtracks Main article List of Pokemon theme songs Pokemon CDs have been released in North America some of them in conjunction with the theatrical releases of the first three and the 20th Pokemon films These releases were commonplace until late 2001 On March 27 2007 a tenth anniversary CD was released containing 18 tracks from the English dub this was the first English language release in over five years Soundtracks of the Pokemon feature films have been released in Japan each year in conjunction with the theatrical releases In 2017 a soundtrack album featuring music from the North American versions of the 17th through 20th movies was released Year TitleJune 29 1999 50 Pokemon 2 B A MasterNovember 9 1999 51 Pokemon The First MovieFebruary 8 2000 Pokemon WorldMay 9 2000 Pokemon The First Movie Original Motion Picture ScoreJuly 18 2000 Pokemon The Movie 2000Unknown1 Pokemon The Movie 2000 Original Motion Picture ScoreJanuary 23 2001 Totally PokemonApril 3 2001 Pokemon 3 The Ultimate SoundtrackOctober 9 2001 Pokemon Christmas BashMarch 27 2007 Pokemon X Ten Years of PokemonNovember 12 2013 Pokemon X amp Pokemon Y Super Music CollectionDecember 10 2013 Pokemon FireRed amp Pokemon LeafGreen Super Music CollectionJanuary 14 2014 Pokemon HeartGold amp Pokemon SoulSilver Super Music CollectionFebruary 11 2014 Pokemon Ruby amp Pokemon Sapphire Super Music CollectionMarch 11 2014 Pokemon Diamond amp Pokemon Pearl Super Music CollectionApril 8 2014 Pokemon Black amp Pokemon White Super Music CollectionMay 13 2014 Pokemon Black 2 amp Pokemon White 2 Super Music CollectionDecember 21 2014 Pokemon Omega Ruby amp Pokemon Alpha Sapphire Super Music CollectionApril 27 2016 Pokemon Red and Green Super Music CollectionNovember 30 2016 Pokemon Sun amp Pokemon Moon Super Music CollectionDecember 23 2017 Pokemon Movie Music Collection2 The exact date of release is unknown Featuring music from Pokemon the Movie Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction Pokemon the Movie Hoopa and the Clash of Ages Pokemon the Movie Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel and Pokemon the Movie I Choose You Pokemon Trading Card Game Main article Pokemon Trading Card Game Palkia the Spatial Pokemon s Trading Card Game card from the Pokemon TCG Diamond and Pearl expansionThe Pokemon Trading Card Game TCG is a collectible card game with a goal similar to a Pokemon battle in the video game series Players use Pokemon cards with individual strengths and weaknesses in an attempt to defeat their opponent by knocking out their Pokemon cards 52 The game was published in North America by Wizards of the Coast in 1999 53 With the release of the Game Boy Advance video games Pokemon Ruby and Sapphire the Pokemon Company took back the card game from Wizards of the Coast and started publishing the cards themselves 53 The Expedition expansion introduced the Pokemon e Trading Card Game where the cards for the most part were compatible with the Nintendo e Reader Nintendo discontinued its production of e Reader compatible cards with the release of FireRed and LeafGreen In 1998 Nintendo released a Game Boy Color version of the trading card game in Japan Pokemon Trading Card Game was subsequently released to the US and Europe in 2000 The game included digital versions of cards from the original set of cards and the first two expansions Jungle and Fossil as well as several cards exclusive to the game A sequel was released in Japan in 2001 54 Manga Main article List of Pokemon manga There are various Pokemon manga series four of which were released in English by Viz Media and seven of them released in English by Chuang Yi The manga series vary from game based series to being based on the anime and the Trading Card Game Original stories have also been published As there are several series created by different authors most Pokemon manga series differ greatly from each other and other media such as the anime example needed Pokemon Pocket Monsters and Pokemon Adventures are the two manga in production since the first generation Manga released in EnglishThe Electric Tale of Pikachu Dengeki Pikachu a shōnen manga created by Toshihiro Ono It was divided into four tankōbon each given a separate title in the North American and English Singapore versions The Electric Tale of Pikachu Pikachu Shocks Back Electric Pikachu Boogaloo and Surf s Up Pikachu The series is based loosely on the anime Pokemon Adventures Pocket Monsters SPECIAL in Japan by Hidenori Kusaka story Mato art formerly and Satoshi Yamamoto art currently the most popular Pokemon manga based on the video games The story series around the Pokemon Trainers who called Pokedex holders Magical Pokemon Journey Pocket Monsters PiPiPi Adventures a shōjo manga Pikachu Meets the Press newspaper style comics not released by Chuang Yi Ash amp Pikachu Satoshi to Pikachu Pokemon Gold amp Silver Pokemon Ruby Sapphire and Pokemon Pocket Monsters Pokemon Jirachi Wish Maker Pokemon Destiny Deoxys Pokemon Lucario and the Mystery of Mew the third movie to comic adaptation Pokemon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea 55 the fourth movie to comic adaption Pokemon Diamond and Pearl Adventure Pokemon Adventures Diamond and Pearl Platinum 56 Pokemon The Rise of Darkrai 57 the fifth movie to comic adaption Pokemon Giratina and the Sky Warrior 58 the sixth movie to comic adaption Pokemon Arceus and the Jewel of Life 59 the seventh movie to comic adaption Pokemon Zoroark Master of Illusions 60 the eighth movie to comic adaption Pokemon The Movie White Victini and Zekrom 61 the ninth movie to comic adaption Pokemon Black and White 62 Manga not released in EnglishPokemon Pocket Monsters by Kosaku Anakubo the first Pokemon manga Chiefly a gag manga it stars a Pokemon Trainer named Red his rude Clefairy and Pikachu Pokemon Card ni Natta Wake How I Became a Pokemon Card by Kagemaru Himeno an artist for the Trading Card Game There are six volumes and each includes a special promotional card The stories tell the tales of the art behind some of Himeno s cards Pokemon Get aa ze by Miho Asada Pocket Monsters Chamo Chamo Pretty by Yumi Tsukirino who also made Magical Pokemon Journey Pokemon Card Master Pocket Monsters Emerald Chōsen Battle Frontier by Ihara Shigekatsu Pocket Monsters Zensho by Satomi NakamuraMonopoly A Pokemon styled Monopoly board game was released in August 2014 63 Live action series In July 2021 it was announced that a live action Pokemon series is reportedly in development at Netflix Joe Henderson showrunner of Lucifer is signed on as writer and executive producer 64 Criticisms and controversiesThis article s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article s neutrality by separating out potentially negative information Please integrate the section s contents into the article as a whole or rewrite the material April 2022 Morality and religious beliefs Pokemon has been criticized by some fundamentalist Christians over perceived occult and violent themes and the concept of Pokemon evolution which they feel goes against the Biblical creation account in Genesis 65 Sat2000 a satellite television station based in Vatican City has countered that the Pokemon Trading Card Game and video games are full of inventive imagination and have no harmful moral side effects 66 67 In the United Kingdom the Christian Power Cards game was introduced in 1999 by David Tate who stated Some people aren t happy with Pokemon and want an alternative others just want Christian games The game was similar to the Pokemon Trading Card Game but used Biblical figures 68 In 1999 Nintendo stopped manufacturing the Japanese version of the Koga s Ninja Trick trading card because it depicted a manji a traditionally Buddhist symbol with no negative connotations The Jewish civil rights group Anti Defamation League complained because the symbol is the reverse of a swastika a Nazi symbol The cards were intended for sale in Japan only but the popularity of Pokemon led to import into the United States with approval from Nintendo The Anti Defamation League understood that the portrayed symbol was not intended to offend and acknowledged the sensitivity that Nintendo showed by removing the product 69 70 In 1999 two nine year old boys from Merrick New York sued Nintendo because they claimed the Pokemon Trading Card Game caused their problematic gambling 71 In 2001 Saudi Arabia banned Pokemon games and the trading cards alleging that the franchise promoted Zionism by displaying the Star of David in the trading cards the Colorless energy from the Pokemon Trading Card Game resembles a six pointed star as well as other religious symbols such as crosses they associated with Christianity and triangles they associated with Freemasonry the games also involved gambling which is in violation of Muslim doctrine 72 73 Pokemon has also been accused of promoting materialism 74 Animal cruelty In 2012 PETA criticized the concept of Pokemon as supporting cruelty to animals PETA compared the game s concept of capturing animals and forcing them to fight to cockfights dog fighting rings and circuses events frequently criticized for cruelty to animals PETA released a game spoofing Pokemon where the Pokemon battle their trainers to win their freedom 75 PETA reaffirmed their objections in 2016 with the release of Pokemon Go promoting the hashtag GottaFreeThemAll 76 Health Main article Dennō Senshi Porygon See also Burger King Pokemon container recall On December 16 1997 more than 635 Japanese children were admitted to hospitals with epileptic seizures 77 It was determined the seizures were caused by watching an episode of Pokemon Dennō Senshi Porygon most commonly translated Electric Soldier Porygon season 1 episode 38 as a result this episode has not been aired since In this particular episode there were bright explosions with rapidly alternating blue and red color patterns 78 It was determined in subsequent research that these strobing light effects cause some individuals to have epileptic seizures even if the person had no previous history of epilepsy 79 This incident is a common focus of Pokemon related parodies in other media and was lampooned by The Simpsons episode Thirty Minutes over Tokyo in a short cameo 80 and the South Park episode Chinpokomon 81 among others Monster in My Pocket In March 2000 Morrison Entertainment Group a toy developer based at Manhattan Beach California sued Nintendo over claims that Pokemon infringed on its own Monster in My Pocket characters A judge ruled there was no infringement and Morrison appealed the ruling On February 4 2003 the U S Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the decision by the District Court to dismiss the suit 82 Pokemon Go See also Criticism and incidents Within its first two days of release Pokemon Go raised safety concerns among players Multiple people also suffered minor injuries from falling while playing the game due to being distracted 83 Multiple police departments in various countries have issued warnings some tongue in cheek regarding inattentive driving trespassing and being targeted by criminals due to being unaware of one s surroundings 84 85 People have suffered various injuries from accidents related to the game 86 87 88 89 and Bosnian players have been warned to stay out of minefields left over from the 1990s Bosnian War 90 On July 20 2016 it was reported that an 18 year old boy in Chiquimula Guatemala was shot and killed while playing the game in the late evening hours This was the first reported death in connection with the app The boy s 17 year old cousin who was accompanying the victim was shot in the foot Police speculated that the shooters used the game s GPS capability to find the two 91 Cultural influence All Nippon Airways Boeing 747 400 in Pokemon livery dubbed a Pokemon Jet Pokemon being a globally popular franchise has left a significant mark on today s popular culture The various species of Pokemon have become pop culture icons examples include two different Pikachu balloons in the Macy s Thanksgiving Day Parade Pokemon themed airplanes operated by All Nippon Airways merchandise items and a traveling theme park that was in Nagoya Japan in 2005 and in Taipei in 2006 Pokemon also appeared on the cover of the U S magazine Time in 1999 92 The Comedy Central show Drawn Together has a character named Ling Ling who is a parody of Pikachu 93 Several other shows such as The Simpsons 94 South Park 95 and Robot Chicken 96 have made references and spoofs of Pokemon among other series Pokemon was featured on VH1 s I Love the 90s Part Deux A live action show based on the anime called Pokemon Live toured the United States in late 2000 97 Jim Butcher cites Pokemon as one of the inspirations for the Codex Alera series of novels 98 Pokemon has even made its mark in the realm of science This includes animals named after Pokemon such as Stentorceps weedlei named after the Pokemon Weedle for its resemblance and Chilicola charizard named after the Pokemon Charizard as well as Binburrum articuno Binburrum zapdos and Binburrum moltres named after the Pokemon Articuno Zapdos and Moltres respectively 99 100 There is also a protein named after Pikachu called Pikachurin In November 2001 Nintendo opened a store called the Pokemon Center in New York in Rockefeller Center 101 modeled after the two other Pokemon Center stores in Tokyo and Osaka and named after a staple of the video game series Pokemon Centers are fictional buildings where Trainers take their injured Pokemon to be healed after combat 102 The store sold Pokemon merchandise on a total of two floors with items ranging from collectible shirts to stuffed Pokemon plushies 103 The store also featured a Pokemon Distributing Machine in which players would place their game to receive an egg of a Pokemon that was being given out at that time The store also had tables that were open for players of the Pokemon Trading Card Game to duel each other or an employee The store was closed and replaced by the Nintendo World Store on May 14 2005 104 Four Pokemon Center kiosks were put in malls in the Seattle area 105 The Pokemon Center online store was relaunched on August 6 2014 106 Meitetsu 2200 series train Giratina amp Shaymin Professor of education Joseph Tobin theorizes that the success of the franchise was due to the long list of names that could be learned by children and repeated in their peer groups Its rich fictional universe provides opportunities for discussion and demonstration of knowledge in front of their peers The names of the creatures were linked to its characteristics which converged with the children s belief that names have symbolic power Children can pick their favourite Pokemon and affirm their individuality while at the same time affirming their conformance to the values of the group and they can distinguish themselves from others by asserting what they liked and what they did not like from every chapter Pokemon gained popularity because it provides a sense of identity to a wide variety of children and lost it quickly when many of those children found that the identity groups were too big and searched for identities that would distinguish them into smaller groups 107 page needed E3 Series Shinkansen train in Pokemon livery Pokemon s history has been marked at times by rivalry with the Digimon media franchise that debuted at a similar time Described as the other mon by IGN s Juan Castro Digimon has not enjoyed Pokemon s level of international popularity or success but has maintained a dedicated fanbase 108 IGN s Lucas M Thomas stated that Pokemon is Digimon s constant competition and comparison attributing the former s relative success to the simplicity of its evolution mechanic as opposed to Digivolution 109 The two have been noted for conceptual and stylistic similarities by sources such as GameZone 110 A debate among fans exists over which of the two franchises came first 111 In actuality the first Pokemon media Pokemon Red and Green were released initially on February 27 1996 112 whereas the Digimon virtual pet was released on June 26 1997 Fan community See also Pokemon competitive play While Pokemon s target demographic is children early purchasers of Pokemon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire were in their 20s 113 Many fans are adults who originally played the games as children and had later returned to the series 113 Numerous fan sites exist for the Pokemon franchise including Bulbagarden a site hosting the wiki based encyclopedia Bulbapedia 114 115 116 and Serebii 117 a news and reference website 118 Large fan communities exist on other platforms such as the subreddit r pokemon which has over 4 million subscribers 119 A significant community around the Pokemon video games metagame has existed for a long time analyzing the best ways to use each Pokemon to their full potential in competitive battles The most prolific competitive community is Smogon University which has created a widely accepted tier based battle system 120 Smogon is affiliated with an online Pokemon game called Pokemon Showdown in which players create a team and battle against other players around the world using the competitive tiers created by Smogon 121 In early 2014 an anonymous video streamer on Twitch launched Twitch Plays Pokemon a small experiment trying to crowdsource playing subsequent Pokemon games that started with the game Pokemon Red and has since included subsequent games in the series 122 123 A study at Stanford Neurosciences published in Nature performed magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 Pokemon experts and 11 controls finding that seeing Pokemon stimulated activity in the visual cortex in a different place than is triggered by recognizing faces places or words demonstrating the brain s ability to create such specialized areas 124 125 Nuzlocke Challenge A challenge called the Nuzlocke Challenge allows players to only capture the first Pokemon encountered in each area Using rules from a webcomic originally named Pokemon Hard Mode if they do not succeed in capturing that Pokemon there are no second chances When a Pokemon faints it is considered dead and must be released or stored in the PC permanently 126 127 If the player faints the game is considered over and the player must restart 128 The original idea consisted of 2 to 3 rules that the community has built upon There are many fan made Pokemon games that contain a game mode similar to the Nuzlocke Challenge such as Pokemon Uranium Notes Japanese ポケモン Hepburn Pokemon pokemoɴ English ˈ p oʊ k ɪ m ɒ n k i k eɪ Japanese ポケットモンスター Hepburn Poketto Monsuta poketto moɰ sɯ taː References The ABC Book A Pronunciation Guide NLS Other Writings NLS BPH January 7 2013 Archived from the original on January 12 2009 Retrieved August 10 2013 Sora Ltd March 9 2008 Super Smash Bros Brawl Wii Nintendo Announcer s dialog after the character Pokemon Trainer is selected voice acted Pokemon Dictionary com IAC Archived from the original on September 28 2017 Retrieved September 27 2017 Pokemon Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc November 12 2013 Archived from the original on May 27 2015 Retrieved April 5 2015 Grubb Jeff September 16 2013 Nintendo releases Gotta Catch Em All remix music video for Pokemon VentureBeat Archived from the original on October 19 2016 Retrieved August 12 2016 Cannon William September 16 2013 Pokemon X Y News 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