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Wikipedia

North Dakota

January 13, 2023

This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see North Dakota (disambiguation).

North Dakota ( /- dəˈkoʊtə/ (listen)) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south, and Montana to the west. It is believed to host the geographic center of North America, Rugby, and is home to the tallest man-made structure in the Western Hemisphere, the KVLY-TV mast.

North Dakota
State
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Peace Garden State,
Roughrider State, Flickertail State, Heaven on Earth
Motto(s): 
Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable
Anthem: North Dakota Hymn
Map of the United States with North Dakota highlighted
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodDakota Territory
Admitted to the UnionNovember 2, 1889 (39th)
CapitalBismarck
Largest cityFargo
Largest metro and urban areasFargo
Government
 • GovernorDoug Burgum (R)
 • Lieutenant GovernorTammy Miller (R)
LegislatureLegislative Assembly
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseHouse of Representatives
JudiciaryNorth Dakota Supreme Court
U.S. senatorsJohn Hoeven (R)
Kevin Cramer (R)
U.S. House delegationKelly Armstrong (R) (list)
Area
 • Total70,705 sq mi (183,123 km2)
 • Land68,994 sq mi (178,694 km2)
 • Water1,710 sq mi (4,429 km2)  2.4%
 • Rank19th
Dimensions
 • Length300 mi (482 km)
 • Width200 mi (321 km)
Elevation
1,900 ft (580 m)
Highest elevation
(White Butte[1][2])
3,606 ft (1,069 m)
Lowest elevation
(Red River of the North at Manitoba border[1][2])
864 ft (216 m)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total779,261
 • Rank47th
 • Density10.73/sq mi (4.13/km2)
  • Rank47th
 • Median household income
$61,843 [3]
 • Income rank
20th
DemonymNorth Dakotan
Language
 • Official languageEnglish [4]
Time zones
most of stateUTC−06:00 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
southwestUTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation
ND
ISO 3166 codeUS-ND
Traditional abbreviationN.D., N.Dak., Nodak
Latitude45° 56′ N to 49° 00′ N
Longitude96° 33′ W to 104° 03′ W
Websitend.gov

North Dakota is the 19th largest state, but with a population of less than 780,000 as of 2020, it is the 4th least populous and 4th most sparsely populated. The capital is Bismarck while the largest city is Fargo, which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of all residents live in rural areas. The state is part of the Great Plains region, with broad prairies, steppe, temperate savanna, badlands, and farmland being defining characteristics.

What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various Native American tribes, including the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara along the Missouri River; the Ojibwa and Cree in the northeast; and several Sioux groups (the Assiniboine, Yankton, Wahpeton, and Teton) across the rest of the state. European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century, mostly in pursuit of lucrative furs. The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century, gradually settling it amid growing resistance by increasingly displaced natives.

The Dakota Territory, established in 1861, became central to American pioneers, with the Homestead Act of 1862 precipitating significant population growth and development. The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming, particularly of wheat; the subsequent Dakota Boom from 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across the rolling prairies, with the territory becoming a key breadbasket and regional economic engine. The Northern Pacific and Great Northern railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers; farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were core to the broader Populist Movement of the Midwest.

North Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, along with neighboring South Dakota, as the 39th and 40th states. President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first; consequently, the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order.[5] Statehood marked the gradual winding down of the pioneer period, with the state fully settled by around 1920.[6] Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives, of which one legacy is the Bank of North Dakota, the only state-run bank in the U.S.

Beginning in the mid 20th century, North Dakota's rich natural resources became more critical to economic development; into the 21st century, oil extraction from the Bakken formation in the northwest has played a major role in the state's prosperity. Such development has led to unprecedented population growth (along with high birth rates) and reduced unemployment, with North Dakota having the second lowest unemployment rate in the U.S. (after Hawaii).[7][8][9][10] It ranks relatively well in metrics such as infrastructure, quality of life, economic opportunity, and public safety.

History

Main article: History of North Dakota

Pre-colonial history

Native American people lived in what is now North Dakota for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The known tribes included the Mandan people (from around the 11th century),[11] while the first Hidatsa group arrived a few hundred years later.[12] They both assembled in villages on tributaries of the Missouri River in what would become west-central North Dakota. Crow Indians traveled the plains from the west to visit and trade with the related Hidatsas[11] after the split between them, probably in the 17th century.[13]

Later came divisions of the Dakota people: the Lakota, the Santee and the Yanktonai. The Assiniboine and the Plains Cree undertook southward journeys to the village Indians, either for trade or for war.[11][14] The Shoshone Indians in present-day Wyoming and Montana may have carried out attacks on Indian enemies as far east as the Missouri.[15] A group of Cheyennes lived in a village of earth lodges at the lower Sheyenne River (Biesterfeldt Site) for decades in the 18th century.

Due to attacks by Crees, Assiniboines and Chippewas armed with fire weapons[clarification needed], they left the area around 1780 and crossed Missouri some time after.[16] A band of the few Sotaio Indians lived east of Missouri River and met the uprooted Cheyennes before the end of the century. They soon followed the Cheyennes across Missouri and lived among them south of Cannonball River.[17]

Eventually, the Cheyenne and the Sutaio became one tribe and turned into mounted buffalo hunters with ranges mainly outside North Dakota. Before the middle of the 19th century, the Arikara entered the future state from the south and joined the Mandan and Hidatsa.[18] With time, a number of Indians entered into treaties with the United States. Many of the treaties defined the territory of a specific tribe.

European exploration and colonization

The first European to reach the area was the French-Canadian trader Pierre Gaultier, sieur de La Vérendrye, who led an exploration and trading party to the Mandan villages in 1738 guided by Assiniboine Indians.[19]

From 1762 to 1802, the region formed part of Spanish Louisiana.[20]

Settlement and statehood

European Americans settled in Dakota Territory only sparsely until the late 19th century, when railroads opened up the region. With the advantage of grants of land, they vigorously marketed their properties, extolling the region as ideal for agriculture.

Differences between the northern and southern part caused resentments between the settlers. The northern part was seen by the more populated southern part as somewhat disreputable, "too much controlled by the wild folks, cattle ranchers, fur traders” and too frequently the site of conflict with the indigenous population. The northern part was generally content with remaining a territory. However, following the territorial capital being moved from Yankton in the southern part to Bismarck, the southern part began to call for division. Finally, at the 1887 territorial election, the voters approved splitting the territory into two. The division was done by the seventh standard parallel.[21][22]

Congress passed an omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington, titled the Enabling Act of 1889, on February 22, 1889, during the administration of President Grover Cleveland. His successor, Benjamin Harrison, signed the proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889.[23]

The rivalry between the two new states presented a dilemma of which was to be admitted first. Harrison directed Secretary of State James G. Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first. The actual order went unrecorded, thus no one knows which of the Dakotas was admitted first.[24][25] However, since North Dakota alphabetically appears before South Dakota, its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large.

20th and 21st centuries

Unrest among wheat farmers, especially among Norwegian immigrants, led to a populist political movement centered in the Non Partisan League ("NPL") around the time of World War I. The NPL ran candidates on the Republican ticket (but merged into the Democratic Party after World War II). It tried to insulate North Dakota from the power of out-of-state banks and corporations.

In addition to founding the state-owned Bank of North Dakota and North Dakota Mill and Elevator (both still in existence), the NPL established a state-owned railroad line (later sold to the Soo Line Railroad). Anti-corporate laws virtually prohibited a corporation or bank from owning title to land zoned as farmland. These laws, still in force today, after having been upheld by state and federal courts, make it almost impossible to foreclose on farmland, as even after foreclosure, the property title cannot be held by a bank or mortgage company.[26] Furthermore, the Bank of North Dakota, having powers similar to a Federal Reserve branch bank, exercised its power to limit the issuance of subprime mortgages and their collateralization in the form of derivative instruments, and so prevented a collapse of housing prices within the state in the wake of 2008's financial crisis.[27]

 
North Dakota State Capitol, featuring an Art Deco tower

The original North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck burned to the ground on December 28, 1930. It was replaced by a limestone-faced art-deco skyscraper that still stands today.[28] A round of federal investment and construction projects began in the 1950s, including the Garrison Dam and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases.[29]

Western North Dakota saw a boom in oil exploration in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as rising petroleum prices made development profitable.[30] This boom came to an end after petroleum prices declined.[30]

In recent years, the state has had lower rates of unemployment than the national average, and increased job and population growth.[9][10] Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil fields in the western part of the state.[8] Estimates as to the remaining amount of oil in the area vary, with some estimating over 100 years' worth.[31]

For decades, North Dakota's annual murder and violent crime rates were regularly the lowest in the United States. In recent years, however, while still below the national average, crime has risen sharply. In 2016, the violent crime rate was three times higher than in 2004, with the rise occurring mostly in the late 2000s, coinciding with the oil boom era. This happened at a time when the national violent crime rate declined slightly.[32] Workers in the oil boom towns have been blamed for much of the increase.[33][34]

Geography

Main article: Geography of North Dakota
See also: List of North Dakota counties

North Dakota is located in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. It lies at the center of the North American continent and borders Canada to the north. The geographic center of North America is near the town of Center. Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota, and Fargo is the largest city.

 
View of western North Dakota

Soil is North Dakota's most precious resource. It is the base of the state's great agricultural wealth. North Dakota also has enormous mineral resources. These mineral resources include billions of tons of lignite coal. In addition, North Dakota has large oil reserves. Petroleum was discovered in the state in 1951 and quickly became one of North Dakota's most valuable mineral resources. In the early 2000s, the emergence of hydraulic fracturing technologies enabled mining companies to extract huge amounts of oil from the Bakken shale rock formation in the western part of the state.

North Dakota's economy is based more heavily on farming than the economies of most other states. Many North Dakota factories process farm products or manufacture farm equipment. Many of the state's merchants also rely on agriculture.

Farms and ranches cover nearly all of North Dakota. They stretch from the flat Red River Valley in the east, across rolling plains, to the rugged Badlands in the west. The chief crop, wheat, is grown in nearly every county. North Dakota harvests more than 90 percent of the nation's canola and flaxseed. It is also the country's top producer of barley and sunflower seeds and a leader in the production of beans, honey, lentils, oats, peas, and sugar beets.

Few white settlers came to the North Dakota region before the 1870s because railroads had not yet entered the area. During the early 1870s, the Northern Pacific Railroad began to push across the Dakota Territory. Large-scale farming also began during the 1870s. Eastern corporations and some families established huge wheat farms covering large areas of land in the Red River Valley. The farms made such enormous profits they were called bonanza farms. White settlers, attracted by the success of the bonanza farms, flocked to North Dakota, rapidly increasing the territory's population. In 1870, North Dakota had 2,405 people. By 1890, the population had grown to 190,983.

North Dakota was named for the Sioux people who once lived in the territory. The Sioux called themselves Dakota or Lakota, meaning allies or friends. One of North Dakota's nicknames is the Peace Garden State. This nickname honors the International Peace Garden, which lies on the state's border with Manitoba, Canada. North Dakota is also called the Flickertail State because of the many flickertail ground squirrels (Richardson's ground squirrel) that live in the central part of the state.

North Dakota is in the U.S. region known as the Great Plains. The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota to the east. South Dakota is to the south, Montana is to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are to the north. North Dakota is near the middle of North America with a stone marker in Rugby, North Dakota marking the "Geographic Center of the North American Continent". With an area of 70,762 square miles (183,273 km2),[35] 69,001 square miles (178,712 km2) of which is land,[36] North Dakota is the 19th largest state.[37]

The western half of the state consists of the hilly Great Plains as well as the northern part of the Badlands, which are to the west of the Missouri River. The state's high point, White Butte at 3,506 feet (1,069 m), and Theodore Roosevelt National Park[38] are in the Badlands. The region is abundant in fossil fuels including natural gas, crude oil and lignite coal. The Missouri River forms Lake Sakakawea, the third largest artificial lake in the United States, behind the Garrison Dam.[39]

The central region of the state is divided into the Drift Prairie and the Missouri Plateau. The eastern part of the state consists of the flat Red River Valley, the bottom of glacial Lake Agassiz. Its fertile soil, drained by the meandering Red River flowing northward into Lake Winnipeg, supports a large agriculture industry.[40] Devils Lake, the largest natural lake in the state, is also found in the east.[41]

Most of the state is covered in grassland; crops cover most of eastern North Dakota but become increasingly sparse in the center and farther west. Natural trees in North Dakota are found usually where there is good drainage, such as the ravines and valley near the Pembina Gorge and Killdeer Mountains, the Turtle Mountains, the hills around Devils Lake, in the dunes area of McHenry County in central North Dakota, and along the Sheyenne Valley slopes and the Sheyenne delta. This diverse terrain supports nearly 2,000 species of plants.[42]

Climate

Main article: Climate of North Dakota
 
Köppen climate types of North Dakota

North Dakota has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. The temperature differences are significant because of its far inland position and being roughly equal distance from the North Pole and the Equator. The variation between monthly highest and lowest temperatures range from 94 °F (52 °C) in June to 138 °F (76 °C) in March.

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in North Dakota[43]
Location July (°F) July (°C) January (°F) January (°C)
Fargo 82/59 28/15 18/0 −7/−17
Bismarck 84/57 29/14 23/2 −5/−16
Grand Forks 81/56 27/13 16/−3 −8/−19
Minot 81/58 27/14 21/3 −6/−16
West Fargo 82/59 28/15 16/-2 −9/−19
Williston 84/56 29/13 22/0 −5/−17
Dickinson 83/55 28/12 26/6 −3/−14
Mandan 84/57 29/14 20/−1 −6/−18
Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (°F/°C) in North Dakota
Month Maximum

°F (°C)

Year Place Minimum

°F (°C)

Year Place
Jan 70/21 1908 Chilcot -56/-49 1916 Goodall
Feb 72/22 1992 Fort Yates[44] -60/-51 1936 Parshall
Mar 90/32 1910 Edmore -48/-44 1897 McKinney
Apr 101/38 1980 Oakes -24/-31 1975 Powers Lake
May 111/44 1934 Langdon -3/-19 1967 Larimore
Jun 112/44 2002 Brien/Flasher 18/-8 1969 Belcourt Indian Reservation
Jul 121/49 1936 Steele 23/-5 1911 Manfred
Aug 115/46 1922 Cando 19/-7 1915 New Rockford
Sep 109/43 1906 Larimore 4/-16 1942 Parshall
Oct 98/37 1963 Watford City -18/-28 1919 Zap
Nov 88/31 1909 Haley -39/-39 1985 Pembina
Dec 70/21 1939 New England -50/-46 1983 Tioga/Williston

Demographics

Population

 
North Dakota population density

At the 2022 estimate North Dakota's population was 779,261 on July 1, 2022, a 0.02% decrease since the 2020 United States census.[45] This makes North Dakota the U.S. state with the largest percentage in population growth since 2011. North Dakota is the fourth least-populous state in the country; only Alaska, Vermont, and Wyoming have fewer residents.[46]

From fewer than 2,000 people in 1870, North Dakota's population grew to near 680,000 by 1930. Growth then slowed, and the population has fluctuated slightly over the past seven decades, hitting a low of 617,761 in the 1970 census, with 642,200 in the 2000 census.[47] Except for Native Americans, the North Dakota population has a lesser percentage of minorities than in the nation as a whole.[48] As of 2011, 20.7% of North Dakota's population younger than age 1 were minorities.[49] The center of population of North Dakota is in Wells County, near Sykeston.[50]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18702,405—
188036,9091,434.7%
1890190,983417.4%
1900319,14667.1%
1910577,05680.8%
1920646,87212.1%
1930680,8455.3%
1940641,935−5.7%
1950619,636−3.5%
1960632,4462.1%
1970617,761−2.3%
1980652,7175.7%
1990638,800−2.1%
2000642,2000.5%
2010672,5914.7%
2020779,09415.8%
2022 (est.)779,2610.0%
Source: 1910–2020[51]

Race and ethnicity

North Dakota Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Population
Racial composition 1990[52] 2000[53] 2010[54] 2020[55]
White 94.6% 92.4% 90.0% 82.9%
Native American 4.1% 4.9% 5.4% 5.0%
Black 0.6% 0.6% 1.2% 3.4%
Asian 0.5% 0.6% 1.0% 1.7%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander		 – – 0.1% 0.1%
Other race 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 1.5%
Two or more races – 1.2% 1.8% 5.4%
Hispanic Origin 0.7% 1.2% 2.0% 4.3%
 
Map of counties in North Dakota by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census

Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
Race 2013[56] 2014[57] 2015[58] 2016[59] 2017[60] 2018[61] 2019[62] 2020[63]
White: 8,940 (84.3%) 9,509 (83.7%) 9,354 (82.7%) ... ... ... ...
> non-Hispanic White 8,531 (80.5%) 9,036 (79.5%) 8,796 (77.7%) 8,486 (74.5%) 7,931 (73.9%) 7,816 (73.5%) 7,567 (72.4%) 7,199 (71.6%)
American Indian 1,021 (9.6%) 1,032 (9.1%) 985 (8.7%) 875 (7.7%) 820 (7.6%) 844 (7.9%) 803 (7.7%) 771 (7.7%)
Black 375 (3.5%) 504 (4.4%) 640 (5.6%) 612 (5.4%) 608 (5.7%) 609 (5.7%) 651 (6.2%) 659 (6.5%)
Asian 263 (2.5%) 314 (2.8%) 344 (3.0%) 303 (2.7%) 286 (2.7%) 250 (2.4%) 244 (2.3%) 250 (2.5%)
Hispanic (of any race) 436 (4.1%) 480 (4.2%) 580 (5.1%) 584 (5.1%) 587 (5.5%) 635 (6.0%) 651 (6.2%) 672 (6.7%)
Total North Dakota 10,599 (100%) 11,359 (100%) 11,314 (100%) 11,383 (100%) 10,737 (100%) 10,636 (100%) 10,454 (100%) 10,059 (%)

Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Throughout the mid-19th century, Dakota Territory was still dominated by Native Americans; warfare and disease reduced their population at the same time Europeans and Americans were settling in the area. Throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, North Dakota, along with most of the Midwest U.S., experienced a mass influx of newcomers from both the eastern United States and immigrants from Europe. North Dakota was a known popular destination for immigrant farmers and general laborers and their families, mostly from Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom. Much of this settlement gravitated throughout the western side of the Red River Valley, as was similarly seen in South Dakota and in a parallel manner in Minnesota. This area is well known for its fertile lands. By the outbreak of the First World War, this was among North America's richest farming regions. But a period of higher rainfall ended, and many migrants weren't successful in the arid conditions. Many family plots were too small to farm successfully.

From the 1930s until the end of the 20th century, North Dakota's population gradually declined, interrupted by a couple of brief increases. Young adults with university degrees were particularly likely to leave the state. With the advancing process of mechanization of agricultural practices, and environmental conditions requiring larger landholdings for successful agriculture, subsistence farming proved to be too risky for families. Many people moved to urban areas for jobs.[64]

Since the late 20th century, one of the major causes of migration from North Dakota is the lack of skilled jobs for college graduates. Expansion of economic development programs has been urged to create skilled and high-tech jobs, but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate.[65] During the first decade of the 21st century, the population increased in large part because of jobs in the oil industry related to development of unconventional tight oil (shale oil) fields.[66] Elsewhere, the Native American population has increased as some reservations have attracted people back from urban areas.

According to the 2010 U.S. census, the racial and ethnic composition of North Dakota was 88.7% non-Hispanic white, 5.4% Native American, 1.2% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% some other race, and 0.2% from two or more races.[67] At the 2019 American Community Survey, North Dakota's racial and ethnic makeup was 83.6% non-Hispanic white, 2.9% Black or African American, 5.0% Native American and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% multiracial, and 4.0% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.[68]

North Dakota is one of the top resettlement locations for refugees proportionally. According to the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, in 2013–2014 "more than 68 refugees" per 100,000 North Dakotans were settled in the state.[69] In fiscal year 2014, 582 refugees settled in the state.[70] Fargo Mayor Mahoney said North Dakota accepting the most refugees per capita should be celebrated given the benefits they bring to the state.[71] In 2015, Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota, the state's only resettlement agency, was "awarded $458,090 in federal funding to improve refugee services".[72] 29.8% of immigrants in North Dakota are from Africa leading to a rapid increase in the black proportion of the population in recent decades from 0.6% in 2000 to 3.9% in 2020.[73]

Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,323 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21,110 people.[74] Of the residents of North Dakota in 2009, 69.8% were born in North Dakota, 27.2% were born in a different state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 2.4% were born in another country.[75] The age and gender distributions approximate the national average. In 2019, 4.1% were foreign-born residents.[76]

Languages

In 2010, 94.86% (584,496) of North Dakotans over 5 years old spoke English as their primary language. 5.14% (31,684) of North Dakotans spoke a language other than English. 1.39% (8,593) spoke German, 1.37% (8,432) spoke Spanish, and 0.30% (1,847) spoke Norwegian. Other languages spoken included Serbo-Croatian (0.19%), Chinese and Japanese (both 0.15%), and Native American languages and French (both 0.13%).[77] In 2000, 2.5% of the population spoke German in addition to English, reflecting early 20th century immigration.[78]

Religion

Religion in North Dakota (2020)[79]
religion percent
Protestant
 
 52%
Catholic
 
 22%
Unaffiliated
 
 22%
Muslim
 
 1%
Other faiths
 
 1%

The Pew Research Center determined 77% of the adult population was Christian in 2014.[80] In contrast with many southern U.S. states, mainline Protestantism was the largest form of Protestantism practiced (28%). The largest mainline Protestant denomination in North Dakota was the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and the United Methodist Church was the second largest. Evangelical Protestants, forming the second largest Protestant branch (22%), were also dominated by Lutherans; the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod was the largest Evangelical denomination. Among the Christian population of North Dakota, the Roman Catholic Church was the single largest Christian denomination. According to the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, 75% of the adult population were Christian, with mainline Protestantism remaining the majority and evangelical Protestantism at 18% of the population.[81]

Per the Pew Research Center in 2014, non-Christian religions accounted for 3% of the adult population, with Islam being the largest non-Christian religion. Other faiths such as Unitarians and New Agers collectively made up 1% of the practicing population. At the 2014 survey, 20% were unaffiliated with any religion, and 2% of North Dakotans were atheist; 13% of the population practiced nothing in particular.[80] The 2020 Public Religion Research Institute's survey determined 22% were unaffiliated with any religion.[81]

The largest church bodies by number of adherents in 2010 were the Roman Catholic Church with 167,349; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 163,209; and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 22,003.[82] In 2006, North Dakota had the most churches per capita of any state.[83] Additionally, North Dakota had the highest percentage of church-going population of any state in 2006.[83]

A 2001 survey indicated 35% of North Dakota's population was Lutheran, and 30% was Catholic. Other religious groups represented were Methodists (7%), Baptists (6%), the Assemblies of God (3%), Presbyterians (1.27%),[84] and Jehovah's Witnesses (1%). Christians with unstated or other denominational affiliations, including other Protestants and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), totaled 3%, bringing the total Christian population to 86%. There were an estimated 920 Muslims and 730 Jews in the state in 2000.[85] Three percent of respondents answered "no religion" on the survey, and 6% declined to answer.[83]

Economy

See also: List of North Dakota companies and North Dakota locations by per capita income

Agriculture is North Dakota's largest industry, although petroleum, food processing, and technology are also major industries.[86] Its growth rate is about 4.1%.[87] According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis the economy of North Dakota had a gross domestic product of $55.180 billion in the second quarter of 2018.[88] The per capita income for the state was $34,256, when measured from 2013 to 2017 by the United States Department of Commerce.[89] The three-year median household income from 2013 to 2017 was $61,285.[89]

According to Gallup data, North Dakota led the U.S. in job creation in 2013 and has done so since 2009. The state has a Job Creation Index score of 40, nearly 10 points ahead of its nearest competitors.[90] North Dakota has added 56,600 private-sector jobs since 2011, creating an annual growth rate of 7.32 percent.[91][92] According to statistics released in December 2020, by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, North Dakota had the highest rate of annual growth in personal consumption expenditures of all 50 states, from 2009-2018.[93] During this time period, annual nominal personal income growth averaged 6% per year, compared to the U.S. average of 4.4%. North Dakota's personal income growth is tied to various private business sectors such as agriculture, energy development, and construction.[94][95] North Dakota also had the highest growth in personal expenditures on housing and utilities of all states, reflecting the sharply increased demand for housing in the 2010s.

Just over 21% of North Dakota's total 2013 gross domestic product (GDP) of $49.77 billion comes from natural resources and mining.[96]

North Dakota is the only state with a state-owned bank, the Bank of North Dakota in Bismarck, and a state-owned flour mill, the North Dakota Mill and Elevator in Grand Forks. These were established by the NPL before World War II.

As of 2012, Fargo is home to the second-largest campus of Microsoft with 1,700 employees, and Amazon.com employs several hundred in Grand Forks.[97][98]

As of December 2019, the state's unemployment rate is among the lowest in the nation at 2.4 percent.[99] With the exception of a five-month period in 2020, the unemployment rate remained below five percent, each month since 1987.[100] At end of 2010, the state per capita income was ranked 17th in the nation, the biggest increase of any state in a decade from rank 38th.[101] The reduction in the unemployment rate and growth in per capita income is attributable to the oil boom in the state.[93] Due to a combination of oil-related development and investing in technology and service industries, North Dakota has had a budget surplus every year since the 2008 market crash.[102]

Since 1976, the highest that North Dakota's unemployment rate has reached is just 6.2%, recorded in 1983. Every U.S. state except neighboring South Dakota has had a higher unemployment rate during that period.[103]

Agriculture

North Dakota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture. Although less than 10% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector,[104] it remains a major part of the state's economy. With industrial-scale farming, it ranks 9th in the nation in the value of crops and 18th in total value of agricultural products sold. Large farms generate the most crops. The share of people in the state employed in agriculture is comparatively high: as of 2008, only two to three percent of the population of the United States is directly employed in agriculture.[105] North Dakota has about 90% of its land area in farms with 27,500,000 acres (111,000 km2) of cropland, the third-largest amount in the nation. Between 2002 and 2007, total cropland increased by about a million acres (4,000 km2); North Dakota was the only state showing an increase. Over the same period, 1,800,000 acres (7,300 km2) were shifted into soybean and corn monoculture production, the largest such shift in the United States.[106] Agriculturalists are concerned about too much monoculture, as it makes the economy at risk from insect or crop diseases affecting a major crop. In addition, this development has adversely affected habitats of wildlife and birds, and the balance of the ecosystem.

 
North Dakota Mill and Elevator postcard, ca. 1922

The state is the largest producer in the U.S. of many cereal grains, including barley (36% of U.S. crop), durum wheat (58%), hard red spring wheat (48%), oats (17%), and combined wheat of all types (15%). It is the second leading producer of buckwheat (20%). As of 2007, corn became the state's largest crop produced, although it is only 2% of total U.S. production.[106] The Corn Belt extends to North Dakota but is more on the edge of the region instead of in its center. Corn yields are high in the southeast part of the state and smaller in other parts of the state. Most of the cereal grains are grown for livestock feed. The state is the leading producer of many oilseeds, including 92% of the U.S. canola crop, 94% of flax seed, 53% of sunflower seeds, 18% of safflower seeds, and 62% of mustard seed. Canola is suited to the cold winters and it matures fast. Processing of canola for oil production produces canola meal as a by-product. The by-product is a high-protein animal feed.

Soybeans are also an increasingly important crop, with 400,000 acres (1,600 km2) additional planted between 2002 and 2007.[106] Soybeans are a major crop in the eastern part of the state, and cultivation is common in the southeast part of the state. Soybeans were not grown at all in North Dakota in the 1940s, but the crop has become especially common since 1998.[107] In North Dakota soybeans have to mature fast, because of the comparatively short growing season. Soybeans are grown for livestock feed.

North Dakota is the second leading producer of sugarbeets, which are grown mostly in the Red River Valley. The state is also the largest producer of honey, dry edible peas and beans, lentils, and the third-largest producer of potatoes.[106]

North Dakota's Top Agricultural Commodities (according to the USDA as of 2011)[108]

2011 rank in the U.S Commodity Percent of nation's production
1 Beans, dry edible, all 25%
1 Beans, navy 35%
1 Beans, pinto 46%
1 Canola 83%
1 Flaxseed 87%
1 Honey 22%
1 Sunflower, oil 40%
1 Wheat, durum 36%
1 Wheat, spring 37%
2 Sunflower, all 38%
2 Sunflower, non-oil 24%
2 Wheat, all 10%
3 Barley 11%
3 Lentils 17%
3 Oats 8%
3 Peas, dry edible 21%
3 Sugarbeets 16%
4 Safflower 1%
6 Hay, alfalfa 6%
6 Potatoes 4%
8 Hay, all 4%
10 Soybeans 4%
12 Corn for grain 2%
17 Hay, other 2%
26 Wheat, winter 1%
21 Sheep and lambs 1%
17 Cattle and calves 2%
15 Wool production 2%

Energy

See also: List of power stations in North Dakota
 
Oil well in western North Dakota

The energy industry is a major contributor to the economy. North Dakota has both coal and oil reserves. On average, the state's production of oil production grew at average annual rate of 48.4% from 2009-2018. During these years, oil production increased each year from 2009 to 2015, with 2016 marked by a slight decline and a return to growth since.[93] Shale gas is also produced. Lignite coal reserves in Western North Dakota are used to generate about 90% of the electricity consumed, and electricity is also exported to nearby states.[109] North Dakota has the second largest lignite coal production in the U.S.[110] However, lignite coal is the lowest grade coal. There are larger and higher grade coal reserves (anthracite, bituminous coal and subbituminous coal) in other U.S. states.

Oil was discovered near Tioga in 1951, generating 53 million barrels (8,400,000 m3) of oil a year by 1984.[111] Recoverable oil reserves have jumped dramatically recently. The oil reserves of the Bakken Formation may hold up to 400 billion barrels (6.4×1010 m3) of oil, 25 times larger than the reserves in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[112][113] A report issued in April 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates the oil recoverable by current technology in the Bakken formation is two orders of magnitude less, in the range of 3 billion barrels (480×10^6 m3) to 4.3 billion barrels (680×10^6 m3), with a mean of 3.65 billion barrels (580×10^6 m3).[114]

The northwestern part of the state is the center of the North Dakota oil boom. The Williston, Tioga, Stanley and Minot-Burlington communities are having rapid growth that strains housing and local services. As of 2012, the state is the 2nd-largest oil producer in the U.S., with an average of 575,490 barrels (91,496 m3) per day.[115][116][117]

The Great Plains region, which includes the state of North Dakota, has been referred to as "the Saudi Arabia of wind energy".[118] Development of wind energy in North Dakota has been cost effective because the state has large rural expanses and wind speeds seldom go below 10 miles per hour (16 km/h).

Tourism

North Dakota is considered the least visited state, owing, in part, to its not having a major tourist attraction.[119] Nonetheless, tourism is North Dakota's third largest industry, contributing more than $3 billion into the state's economy annually. Outdoor attractions like the 144-mile (232-km) Maah Daah Hey Trail and activities like fishing and hunting attract visitors. The state is known for the Lewis & Clark Trail and being the winter camp of the Corps of Discovery.[120] Areas popular with visitors include Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the western part of the state. The park often exceeds 475,000 visitors each year.[121]

Regular events in the state that attract tourists include Norsk Høstfest in Minot, billed as North America's largest Scandinavian festival;[122] the Medora Musical; and the North Dakota State Fair. The state also receives a significant number of visitors from the neighboring Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, particularly when the exchange rate is favorable.[123]

International tourists now also come to visit the Oscar-Zero Missile Alert Facility.[124]

Health care

See also: List of hospitals in North Dakota

North Dakota has six level-II trauma centers, 44 hospitals, 52 rural health clinics, and 80 nursing homes.[125][126][127][128] Major provider networks include Sanford, St. Alexius, Trinity, and Altru.

Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota is the largest medical insurer in the state.[129] North Dakota expanded Medicaid in 2014,[130] and its health insurance exchange is the federal site, HealthCare.gov.[131]

North Dakota law requires pharmacies, other than hospital dispensaries and pre-existing stores, to be majority-owned by pharmacists. Voters rejected a proposal to change the law in 2014.[132][133]

Culture

American Indian Nations

 
Paul Kane witnessed and participated in the annual bison hunt of the Métis in June 1846 on the prairies in Dakota.

In the 21st century, North Dakota has an increasing population of Native Americans, who in 2010 made up 5.44% of the population. By the early 19th century the territory was dominated by Siouan-speaking peoples, whose territory stretched west from the Great Lakes area. The word "Dakota" is a Sioux (Lakota/Dakota) word meaning "allies" or "friends".

The primary historic tribal nations in or around North Dakota, are the Lakota and the Dakota ("The Great Sioux Nation" or "Oceti Sakowin", meaning the seven council fires), the Blackfoot, the Cheyenne, the Chippewa (known as Ojibwe in Canada), and the Mandan. There are six Indian reservations in North Dakota--Spirit Lake Tribe, Standing Rock Indian Reservation, Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, and The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation.

Pow wows

Social gatherings known as "powwows" (or wacipis in Lakota/Dakota) continue to be an important part of Native American culture and are held regularly throughout the state. Throughout Native American history, powwows were held, usually in the spring, to rejoice at the beginning of new life and the end of the winter cold. These events brought Native American tribes together for singing and dancing and allowed them to meet with old friends and acquaintances, as well as to make new ones. Many powwows also held religious significance for some tribes. Today, powwows are still a part of the Native American culture and are attended by Natives and non-Natives alike. In North Dakota, the United Tribes International Powwow held each September in the capital of Bismarck, is one of the largest powwows in the United States.

A pow wow is an occasion for parades and Native American dancers in regalia, with many dancing styles presented. It is traditional for male dancers to wear regalia decorated with beads, quills, and eagle feathers; male grass dancers wear colorful fringe regalia, and male fancy dancers wear brightly colored feathers. Female dancers dance much more subtly than male dancers. Fancy female dancers wear cloth, beaded moccasins, and jewelry, while the jingle dress dancer wears a dress made of metal cones. Inter-tribal dances during the powwow, allow everyone (even spectators) to take part in the dancing.

Norwegian and Icelandic influences

 
Norwegian settlers in front of their sod house in North Dakota in 1898

Around 1870 many European immigrants from Norway settled in North Dakota's northeastern corner, especially near the Red River. Icelanders also arrived from Canada.[134] Pembina was a town of many Norwegians when it was founded; they worked on family farms. They started Lutheran churches and schools, greatly outnumbering other denominations in the area. This group has unique foods such as lefse and lutefisk. The continent's largest Scandinavian event, Norsk Høstfest, is celebrated each September in Minot's North Dakota State Fair Center, a local attraction featuring art, architecture, and cultural artifacts from all five Nordic countries. The Icelandic State Park in Pembina County and an annual Icelandic festival reflect immigrants from that country, who are also descended from Scandinavians.

Old World folk customs have persisted for decades in North Dakota, with the revival of techniques in weaving, silver crafting, and wood carving. Traditional turf-roof houses are displayed in parks; this style originated in Iceland. A stave church is a landmark in Minot. Norwegian-Americans constitute nearly one-third or 32.3% of Minot's total population and 30.8% of North Dakota's total population.

Germans from Russia

See also: Germans from Russia

Ethnic Germans who had settled in Russia for several generations since the reign of Catherine the Great grew dissatisfied in the nineteenth century because of economic problems and because of the revocation of religious freedoms for Mennonites and Hutterites, in particular the revocation of exemption from military service in 1871. Most Mennonites and Hutterites migrated to America in the late 1870s. By 1900, about 100,000 had immigrated to the U.S., settling primarily in North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska. The south-central part of North Dakota became known as "the German-Russian triangle". By 1910, about 60,000 ethnic Germans from Russia lived in Central North Dakota. These individuals were Lutherans, Mennonites, Hutterites and Roman Catholics who had kept most of their German customs of the time when their ancestors immigrated to Russia. They were committed to agriculture. Traditional iron cemetery grave markers are a famous art form practiced by ethnic Germans.[135][136]

Fine and performing arts

North Dakota's major fine art museums and venues include the Chester Fritz Auditorium, Empire Arts Center, the Fargo Theatre, North Dakota Museum of Art, and the Plains Art Museum. The Bismarck-Mandan Symphony Orchestra, Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra, Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra, Minot Symphony Orchestra and Great Plains Harmony Chorus are full-time professional and semi-professional musical ensembles who perform concerts and offer educational programs to the community.

Entertainment

See also: Music of North Dakota

North Dakotan musicians of many genres include blues guitarist Jonny Lang, country music singer Lynn Anderson, jazz and traditional pop singer and songwriter Peggy Lee, big band leader Lawrence Welk, and pop singer Bobby Vee. The state is also home to Indie rock June Panic (of Fargo, signed to Secretly Canadian).

Hollywood and TV Star Angie Dickinson was born in Kulm and moved to Burbank, Ca as a ten year old. Ed Schultz was known around the country as the host of progressive talk radio show, The Ed Schultz Show, and The Ed Show on MSNBC. Shadoe Stevens hosted American Top 40 from 1988 to 1995. Josh Duhamel is an Emmy Award-winning actor known for his roles in All My Children and Las Vegas.[137] Nicole Linkletter and CariDee English were winning contestants of Cycles 5 and 7, respectively, of America's Next Top Model. Kellan Lutz has appeared in movies such as Stick It, Accepted, Prom Night, and Twilight.

Cuisine

Main article: Cuisine of North Dakota

Sports

Bismarck was home of the Dakota Wizards of the NBA Development League, and currently hosts the Bismarck Bucks of the Indoor Football League.

North Dakota has two NCAA Division I teams, the North Dakota Fighting Hawks and North Dakota State Bison, and two Division II teams, the Mary Marauders and Minot State Beavers.

Fargo is home to the USHL ice hockey team the Fargo Force. Fargo is also the home of the Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks of the American Association.

The North Dakota High School Activities Association features more than 25,000 participants.

Outdoor activities such as hunting and fishing are hobbies for many North Dakotans. Ice fishing, skiing, and snowmobiling are also popular during the winter months. Residents of North Dakota may own or visit a cabin along a lake. Popular sport fish include walleye, perch, and northern pike.[138]

The western terminus of the North Country National Scenic Trail is on Lake Sakakawea, where it abuts the Lewis and Clark Trail.

Media

See also: List of newspapers in North Dakota, List of radio stations in North Dakota, and List of television stations in North Dakota

The state has 10 daily newspapers, the largest being The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead. Other weekly and monthly publications (most of which are fully supported by advertising) are also available. The most prominent of these is the alternative weekly High Plains Reader.

The state's oldest radio station, WDAY-AM, was launched on May 23, 1922.[139] North Dakota's three major radio markets center around Fargo, Bismarck, and Grand Forks, though stations broadcast in every region of the state. Several new stations were built in Williston in the early 2010s. North Dakota has 34 AM and 88 FM radio stations.[140][141][142] KFGO in Fargo has the largest audience.[143]

Broadcast television in North Dakota started on April 3, 1953, when KCJB-TV (now KXMC-TV) in Minot started operations.[144] North Dakota's television media markets are Fargo-Grand Forks (117th largest nationally), including the eastern half of the state, and Minot-Bismarck (152nd), making up the western half of the state.[145] There are currently 31 full-power television stations, arranged into 10 networks, with 17 digital subchannels.

Public broadcasting in North Dakota is provided by Prairie Public, with statewide television and radio networks affiliated with PBS and NPR. Public access television stations open to community programming are offered on cable systems in Bismarck, Dickinson, Fargo, and Jamestown.

Education

Higher education

Main article: List of colleges and universities in North Dakota

The state has 11 public colleges and universities, five tribal community colleges, and four private schools. The largest institutions are North Dakota State University and the University of North Dakota.

The higher education system consists of the following institutions:

North Dakota University System (public institutions):

Tribal institutions:

Private institutions:

Primary and secondary education

See also: List of school districts in North Dakota

There were 142 schools in North Dakota cities and 4,722 one room schools in the state in 1917. The urban schools had 36,008 students, and 83,167 students attended the one room schools. 1,889 of the one room schools closed between 1929 and 1954. In 1954 North Dakotan cities had 513 schools while 2,447 one room schools were in the state. At that time the urban schools had 94,019 students while the one room schools had 25,212 students.[146] The Nation's Report Card ranks North Dakota fifteenth in the country in K-12 education based on standardized test scores.[147]

Emergency services

The North Dakota Department of Emergency Services[148] provides 24/7 communication and coordination for more than 50 agencies. In addition, "it administers federal disaster recovery programs and the Homeland Security Grant Program".[149] In 2011, the Department selected Geo-Comm, Inc.[150] "for the Statewide Seamless Base Map Project", which will facilitate "identifying locations 9–1–1 callers" and route emergency calls based on locations.[151] In 1993 the state adopted the Burkle addressing system numbering rural roads and buildings to aid in the delivery of emergency services.[152]

Transportation

See also: List of North Dakota numbered highways, List of North Dakota railroads, and Aviation in North Dakota
 
Interstate 94 in North Dakota, near Gladstone

Transportation in North Dakota is overseen by the North Dakota Department of Transportation. The major Interstate highways are Interstate 29 and Interstate 94, with I-29 and I-94 meeting at Fargo, with I-29 oriented north to south along the eastern edge of the state, and I-94 bisecting the state from east to west between Minnesota and Montana. A unique feature of the North Dakota Interstate Highway system is virtually all of it is paved in concrete, not blacktop, because of the extreme weather conditions it must endure. BNSF and the Canadian Pacific Railway operate the state's largest rail systems. Many branch lines formerly used by BNSF and Canadian Pacific Railway are now operated by the Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad and the Red River Valley and Western Railroad.[153][154]

North Dakota's principal airports are the Hector International Airport (FAR) in Fargo, Grand Forks International Airport (GFK), Bismarck Municipal Airport (BIS), Minot International Airport (MOT) and Williston Basin International Airport (XWA) in Williston.

Amtrak's Empire Builder runs through North Dakota, making stops at Fargo (2:13 am westbound, 3:35 am eastbound), Grand Forks (4:52 am westbound, 12:57 am eastbound), Minot (around 9 am westbound and around 9:30 pm eastbound), and four other stations.[155] It is the descendant of the famous line of the same name run by the Great Northern Railway, which was built by the tycoon James J. Hill and ran from St. Paul to Seattle.

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound and Jefferson Lines. Public transit in North Dakota includes daily fixed-route bus systems in Fargo, Bismarck-Mandan, Grand Forks, and Minot, paratransit service in 57 communities, along with multi-county rural transit systems.[156]

Law and government

As with the federal government of the United States, political power in North Dakota state government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.[157]

The Constitution of North Dakota and the North Dakota Century Code form the formal law of the state; the North Dakota Administrative Code incorporates additional rules and policies of state agencies.[158]

In a 2020 study, North Dakota was ranked as the 8th easiest state for citizens to vote in.[159]

Executive

 
Building in Bismarck that houses a variety of state agencies: Workforce Safety & Insurance; Retirement & Investment; Parks & Recreation; PERS; Child Support; Commerce; and OBM Risk Management.
See also: List of Governors of North Dakota, List of Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota, List of Secretaries of State of North Dakota, and List of Attorneys General of North Dakota

The executive branch is headed by the elected governor. The current governor is Doug Burgum, a Republican who took office December 15, 2016, after his predecessor, Jack Dalrymple did not seek reelection. The current Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota is Brent Sanford, who is also the President of the Senate. The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four-year terms, which are next up for election in 2024. The governor has a cabinet consisting of appointed leaders of various state government agencies, called commissioners. The other elected constitutional offices are secretary of state, attorney general, state auditor, and state treasurer.

Legislative

The North Dakota Legislative Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state has 47 districts, each with one senator and two representatives. Both senators and representatives are elected to four-year terms. The state's legal code is named the North Dakota Century Code.

Judicial

North Dakota's court system has four levels, one of which is dormant. Municipal courts serve the cities. Decisions from municipal courts are generally appealable to district court. Most cases start in the district courts, which are courts of general jurisdiction. There are 42 district court judges in seven judicial districts.[160][161] Appeals from final district court decisions are made to the North Dakota Supreme Court. An intermediate court of appeals was provided for by statute in 1987, but the North Dakota Court of Appeals has only heard 65 cases since its inception. The North Dakota Court of Appeals is essentially dormant, but capable of meeting if the North Dakota Supreme Court's case load necessitates the reestablishment of intermediate review.[162][163]

Indian tribes and reservations

 
Administrative building for the Standing Rock Indian Reservation

Historically, North Dakota was populated by the Mandan, Hidatsa, Lakota, and Ojibwe, and later by the Sanish and Métis. Today, five federally recognized tribes within the boundaries of North Dakota have independent, sovereign relationships with the federal government and territorial reservations:

Federal

See also: List of United States Senators from North Dakota and List of Presidential visits to North Dakota

North Dakota's United States Senators are John Hoeven (R) and Kevin Cramer (R). The state has one at-large congressional district represented by Representative Kelly Armstrong (R).

Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota, which holds court in Bismarck, Fargo, Grand Forks, and Minot. Appeals are heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals based in St. Louis, Missouri.

Politics

Main article: Politics of North Dakota
See also: Political party strength in North Dakota and List of political parties in North Dakota

MIT's Election Performance Index ranked North Dakota #1 in overall election administration policy and performance in the 2018, 2014, 2012, 2010, and 2008 elections.[164]

 
Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election.

The major political parties in North Dakota are the Democratic-NPL and the Republican Party. As of 2007, the Constitution Party and the Libertarian Party are also organized parties in the state.

At the state level, the governorship has been held by the Republican Party since 1992, along with a majority of the state legislature and statewide officers. Dem-NPL showings were strong in the 2000 governor's race, and in the 2006 legislative elections, but the League has not had a major breakthrough since the administration of former state governor George Sinner.

The Republican Party presidential candidate usually carries the state by a considerable margin; in 2020, Donald Trump won over 65% of the vote. Of all the Democratic presidential candidates since 1892, only Grover Cleveland (1892, one of three votes), Woodrow Wilson (1912 and 1916), Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932 and 1936), and Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) received Electoral College votes from North Dakota.

On the other hand, Dem-NPL candidates for North Dakota's federal Senate and House seats won every election between 1982 and 2008, and the state's federal delegation was entirely Democratic from 1987 to 2011. However, both of the current U.S. senators, John Hoeven and Kevin Cramer, are Republicans, as is the sole House member, Kelly Armstrong.

State taxes

North Dakota has a slightly progressive income tax structure; the five brackets of state income tax rates are 1.1%, 2.04%, 2.27%, 2.64%, and 2.90% as of 2017.[165] In 2005 North Dakota ranked 22nd highest by per capita state taxes.[166] The sales tax in North Dakota is 5% for most items.[167] The state allows municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 1.75% supplemental sales tax in Grand Forks.[168] Excise taxes are levied on the purchase price or market value of aircraft registered in North Dakota. The state imposes a use tax on items purchased elsewhere but used within North Dakota. Owners of real property in North Dakota pay property tax to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts.[169]

The Tax Foundation ranks North Dakota as the state with the 20th most "business friendly" tax climate in the nation.[170] Tax Freedom Day arrives on April 1, 10 days earlier than the national Tax Freedom Day.[170] In 2006, North Dakota was the state with the lowest number of returns filed by taxpayers with an adjusted gross income of over $1M—only 333.[171]

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list, see List of people from North Dakota.

See also

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Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of North Dakota history
  • Arends, Shirley Fischer. The Central Dakota Germans: Their History, Language, and Culture. (1989). 289 pp.
  • Berg, Francie M., ed. Ethnic Heritage in North Dakota. (1983). 174 pp.
  • Blackorby, Edward C. Prairie Rebel: The Public Life of William Lemke (1963), a radical leader in 1930s online edition
  • Collins, Michael L. That Damned Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and the American West, 1883–1898 (1989).
  • Cooper, Jerry and Smith, Glen. Citizens as Soldiers: A History of the North Dakota National Guard. (1986). 447 pp.
  • Crawford, Lewis F. History of North Dakota (3 vol 1931), excellent history in vol 1; biographies in vol. 2–3
  • Danbom, David B. "Our Purpose Is to Serve": The First Century of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. (1990). 237 pp.
  • Eisenberg, C. G. History of the First Dakota-District of the Evangelical-Lutheran Synod of Iowa and the Other States. (1982). 268 pp.
  • Ginsburg, Faye D. Contested Lives: The Abortion Debate in an American Community (1989). 315 pp. the issue in Fargo
  • Hargreaves, Mary W. M. Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920–1990. (1993). 386 pp.
  • Howard, Thomas W., ed. The North Dakota Political Tradition. (1981). 220 pp.
  • Hudson, John C. Plains Country Towns. (1985). 189 pp. geographer studies small towns
  • Junker, Rozanne Enerson. The Bank of North Dakota: An Experiment in State Ownership. (1989). 185 pp.
  • Lamar, Howard R. Dakota Territory, 1861–1889: A Study of Frontier Politics (1956).
  • Lounsberry, Clement A. Early history of North Dakota (1919) excellent history by an editor of Bismarck Tribune; 645pp online edition
  • Lysengen, Janet Daley and Rathke, Ann M., eds. The Centennial Anthology of "North Dakota History: Journal of the Northern Plains" (1996). 526 pp. articles from state history journal covering all major topics in the state's history
  • Morlan, Robert L. Political Prairie Fire: The Nonpartisan League, 1915–1922. (1955). 414 pp. NPL comes to power briefly
  • Peirce, Neal R. The Great Plains States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Nine Great Plains States (1973) excerpt and text ssearch, chapter on North Dakota
  • Robinson, Elwyn B., D. Jerome Tweton, and David B. Danbom. History of North Dakota (2nd ed. 1995) standard history, by leading scholars; extensive bibliography
    • Robinson, Elwyn B. History of North Dakota (1966) First edition online
  • Schneider, Mary Jane. North Dakota Indians: An Introduction. (1986). 276 pp.
  • Sherman, William C. and Thorson, Playford V., eds. Plains Folk: North Dakota's Ethnic History. (1988). 419 pp.
  • Sherman, William C. Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota. (1983). 152 pp.
  • Smith, Glen H. Langer of North Dakota: A Study in Isolationism, 1940–1959. (1979). 238 pp. biography of influential conservative Senator
  • Snortland, J. Signe, ed. A Traveler's Companion to North Dakota State Historic Sites. (1996). 155 pp.
  • Stock, Catherine McNicol. Main Street in Crisis: The Great Depression and the Old Middle Class on the Northern Plains. (1992). 305pp. online edition
  • Tauxe, Caroline S. Farms, Mines and Main Streets: Uneven Development in a Dakota County. (1993). 276 pp. coal and grain in Mercer County
  • Tweton, D. Jerome and Jelliff, Theodore B. North Dakota: The Heritage of a People. (1976). 242 pp. textbook history
  • Wilkins, Robert P. and Wilkins, Wynona Hachette. North Dakota: A Bicentennial History. (1977) 218 pp. popular history
  • Wishart, David J. ed. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8032-4787-7. complete text online; 900 pages of scholarly articles
  • Young, Carrie. Prairie Cooks: Glorified Rice, Three-Day Buns, and Other Reminiscences. (1993). 136 pp.

Primary sources

  • Benson, Bjorn; Hampsten, Elizabeth; and Sweney, Kathryn, eds. Day In, Day Out: Women's Lives in North Dakota. (1988). 326 pp.
  • Maximilian, Prince of Wied. Travels in the Interior of North America in the rears 1832 to 1834 (Vols. XXII-XXIV of "Early Western Travels, 1748–1846", ed. by Reuben Gold Thwaites; 1905–1906). Maximilian spent the winter of 1833–1834 at Fort Clark.
  • the University of North Dakota, Bureau of Governmental Affairs, ed., A Compilation of North Dakota Political Party Platforms, 1884–1978. (1979). 388 pp.
  • WPA. North Dakota: A Guide to the Northern Prairie State (2nd ed. 1950), the classic guide online edition

External links

  • Official website
  • USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of North Dakota
  • North Dakota State Guide, from the Library of Congress
  • North Dakota State Facts—USDA
  • NETSTATE Geography
  • North Dakota at Curlie
  •   Geographic data related to North Dakota at OpenStreetMap
Preceded by List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
Admitted on November 2, 1889 (39th) 		Succeeded by

Coordinates: 47°N 100°W / 47°N 100°W / 47; -100 (State of North Dakota)

January 13, 2023
north, dakota, this, article, about, state, other, uses, disambiguation, listen, state, upper, midwest, named, after, indigenous, dakota, sioux, bordered, canadian, provinces, saskatchewan, manitoba, north, states, minnesota, east, south, dakota, south, montan. This article is about the U S state For other uses see North Dakota disambiguation North Dakota d e ˈ k oʊ t e listen is a U S state in the Upper Midwest named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U S states of Minnesota to the east South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west It is believed to host the geographic center of North America Rugby and is home to the tallest man made structure in the Western Hemisphere the KVLY TV mast North DakotaStateFlagSealNickname s Peace Garden State Roughrider State Flickertail State Heaven on EarthMotto s Liberty and Union Now and Forever One and InseparableAnthem North Dakota HymnMap of the United States with North Dakota highlightedCountryUnited StatesBefore statehoodDakota TerritoryAdmitted to the UnionNovember 2 1889 39th CapitalBismarckLargest cityFargoLargest metro and urban areasFargoGovernment GovernorDoug Burgum R Lieutenant GovernorTammy Miller R LegislatureLegislative Assembly Upper houseSenate Lower houseHouse of RepresentativesJudiciaryNorth Dakota Supreme CourtU S senatorsJohn Hoeven R Kevin Cramer R U S House delegationKelly Armstrong R list Area Total70 705 sq mi 183 123 km2 Land68 994 sq mi 178 694 km2 Water1 710 sq mi 4 429 km2 2 4 Rank19thDimensions Length300 mi 482 km Width200 mi 321 km Elevation1 900 ft 580 m Highest elevation White Butte 1 2 3 606 ft 1 069 m Lowest elevation Red River of the North at Manitoba border 1 2 864 ft 216 m Population 2022 Total779 261 Rank47th Density10 73 sq mi 4 13 km2 Rank47th Median household income 61 843 3 Income rank20thDemonymNorth DakotanLanguage Official languageEnglish 4 Time zonesmost of stateUTC 06 00 Central Summer DST UTC 05 00 CDT southwestUTC 07 00 Mountain Summer DST UTC 06 00 MDT USPS abbreviationNDISO 3166 codeUS NDTraditional abbreviationN D N Dak NodakLatitude45 56 N to 49 00 NLongitude96 33 W to 104 03 WWebsitend wbr govNorth Dakota state symbolsFlag of North DakotaLiving insigniaBirdWestern meadowlarkFishNorthern pikeFlowerWild prairie roseGrassWestern wheatgrassInsectWestern honeybeeMammalNokota horseTreeAmerican ElmInanimate insigniaBeverageMilkDanceSquare dance Line danceFossilTeredo petrified woodOtherChokecherry state fruit State route markerLists of United States state symbolsNorth Dakota is the 19th largest state but with a population of less than 780 000 as of 2020 it is the 4th least populous and 4th most sparsely populated The capital is Bismarck while the largest city is Fargo which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state s population both cities are among the fastest growing in the U S although half of all residents live in rural areas The state is part of the Great Plains region with broad prairies steppe temperate savanna badlands and farmland being defining characteristics What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various Native American tribes including the Mandan Hidatsa and Arikara along the Missouri River the Ojibwa and Cree in the northeast and several Sioux groups the Assiniboine Yankton Wahpeton and Teton across the rest of the state European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century mostly in pursuit of lucrative furs The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century gradually settling it amid growing resistance by increasingly displaced natives The Dakota Territory established in 1861 became central to American pioneers with the Homestead Act of 1862 precipitating significant population growth and development The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming particularly of wheat the subsequent Dakota Boom from 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across the rolling prairies with the territory becoming a key breadbasket and regional economic engine The Northern Pacific and Great Northern railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were core to the broader Populist Movement of the Midwest North Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2 1889 along with neighboring South Dakota as the 39th and 40th states President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first consequently the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order 5 Statehood marked the gradual winding down of the pioneer period with the state fully settled by around 1920 6 Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives of which one legacy is the Bank of North Dakota the only state run bank in the U S Beginning in the mid 20th century North Dakota s rich natural resources became more critical to economic development into the 21st century oil extraction from the Bakken formation in the northwest has played a major role in the state s prosperity Such development has led to unprecedented population growth along with high birth rates and reduced unemployment with North Dakota having the second lowest unemployment rate in the U S after Hawaii 7 8 9 10 It ranks relatively well in metrics such as infrastructure quality of life economic opportunity and public safety Contents 1 History 1 1 Pre colonial history 1 2 European exploration and colonization 1 3 Settlement and statehood 1 4 20th and 21st centuries 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 Population 3 2 Race and ethnicity 3 3 Languages 3 4 Religion 4 Economy 4 1 Agriculture 4 2 Energy 4 3 Tourism 4 4 Health care 5 Culture 5 1 American Indian Nations 5 2 Pow wows 5 3 Norwegian and Icelandic influences 5 4 Germans from Russia 5 5 Fine and performing arts 5 6 Entertainment 5 7 Cuisine 5 8 Sports 6 Media 7 Education 7 1 Higher education 7 2 Primary and secondary education 8 Emergency services 9 Transportation 10 Law and government 10 1 Executive 10 2 Legislative 10 3 Judicial 10 4 Indian tribes and reservations 10 5 Federal 10 6 Politics 10 7 State taxes 11 Notable people 12 See also 13 References 14 Bibliography 14 1 Primary sources 15 External linksHistory EditMain article History of North Dakota Pre colonial history Edit Native American people lived in what is now North Dakota for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans The known tribes included the Mandan people from around the 11th century 11 while the first Hidatsa group arrived a few hundred years later 12 They both assembled in villages on tributaries of the Missouri River in what would become west central North Dakota Crow Indians traveled the plains from the west to visit and trade with the related Hidatsas 11 after the split between them probably in the 17th century 13 Later came divisions of the Dakota people the Lakota the Santee and the Yanktonai The Assiniboine and the Plains Cree undertook southward journeys to the village Indians either for trade or for war 11 14 The Shoshone Indians in present day Wyoming and Montana may have carried out attacks on Indian enemies as far east as the Missouri 15 A group of Cheyennes lived in a village of earth lodges at the lower Sheyenne River Biesterfeldt Site for decades in the 18th century Due to attacks by Crees Assiniboines and Chippewas armed with fire weapons clarification needed they left the area around 1780 and crossed Missouri some time after 16 A band of the few Sotaio Indians lived east of Missouri River and met the uprooted Cheyennes before the end of the century They soon followed the Cheyennes across Missouri and lived among them south of Cannonball River 17 Eventually the Cheyenne and the Sutaio became one tribe and turned into mounted buffalo hunters with ranges mainly outside North Dakota Before the middle of the 19th century the Arikara entered the future state from the south and joined the Mandan and Hidatsa 18 With time a number of Indians entered into treaties with the United States Many of the treaties defined the territory of a specific tribe European exploration and colonization Edit The first European to reach the area was the French Canadian trader Pierre Gaultier sieur de La Verendrye who led an exploration and trading party to the Mandan villages in 1738 guided by Assiniboine Indians 19 From 1762 to 1802 the region formed part of Spanish Louisiana 20 Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site Settlement and statehood Edit European Americans settled in Dakota Territory only sparsely until the late 19th century when railroads opened up the region With the advantage of grants of land they vigorously marketed their properties extolling the region as ideal for agriculture Differences between the northern and southern part caused resentments between the settlers The northern part was seen by the more populated southern part as somewhat disreputable too much controlled by the wild folks cattle ranchers fur traders and too frequently the site of conflict with the indigenous population The northern part was generally content with remaining a territory However following the territorial capital being moved from Yankton in the southern part to Bismarck the southern part began to call for division Finally at the 1887 territorial election the voters approved splitting the territory into two The division was done by the seventh standard parallel 21 22 Congress passed an omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota South Dakota Montana and Washington titled the Enabling Act of 1889 on February 22 1889 during the administration of President Grover Cleveland His successor Benjamin Harrison signed the proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2 1889 23 The rivalry between the two new states presented a dilemma of which was to be admitted first Harrison directed Secretary of State James G Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first The actual order went unrecorded thus no one knows which of the Dakotas was admitted first 24 25 However since North Dakota alphabetically appears before South Dakota its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large 20th and 21st centuries Edit Unrest among wheat farmers especially among Norwegian immigrants led to a populist political movement centered in the Non Partisan League NPL around the time of World War I The NPL ran candidates on the Republican ticket but merged into the Democratic Party after World War II It tried to insulate North Dakota from the power of out of state banks and corporations In addition to founding the state owned Bank of North Dakota and North Dakota Mill and Elevator both still in existence the NPL established a state owned railroad line later sold to the Soo Line Railroad Anti corporate laws virtually prohibited a corporation or bank from owning title to land zoned as farmland These laws still in force today after having been upheld by state and federal courts make it almost impossible to foreclose on farmland as even after foreclosure the property title cannot be held by a bank or mortgage company 26 Furthermore the Bank of North Dakota having powers similar to a Federal Reserve branch bank exercised its power to limit the issuance of subprime mortgages and their collateralization in the form of derivative instruments and so prevented a collapse of housing prices within the state in the wake of 2008 s financial crisis 27 North Dakota State Capitol featuring an Art Deco tower The original North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck burned to the ground on December 28 1930 It was replaced by a limestone faced art deco skyscraper that still stands today 28 A round of federal investment and construction projects began in the 1950s including the Garrison Dam and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases 29 Western North Dakota saw a boom in oil exploration in the late 1970s and early 1980s as rising petroleum prices made development profitable 30 This boom came to an end after petroleum prices declined 30 In recent years the state has had lower rates of unemployment than the national average and increased job and population growth 9 10 Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil fields in the western part of the state 8 Estimates as to the remaining amount of oil in the area vary with some estimating over 100 years worth 31 For decades North Dakota s annual murder and violent crime rates were regularly the lowest in the United States In recent years however while still below the national average crime has risen sharply In 2016 the violent crime rate was three times higher than in 2004 with the rise occurring mostly in the late 2000s coinciding with the oil boom era This happened at a time when the national violent crime rate declined slightly 32 Workers in the oil boom towns have been blamed for much of the increase 33 34 Geography EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources North Dakota news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Main article Geography of North Dakota See also List of North Dakota countiesNorth Dakota is located in the Upper Midwest region of the United States It lies at the center of the North American continent and borders Canada to the north The geographic center of North America is near the town of Center Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota and Fargo is the largest city View of western North Dakota Soil is North Dakota s most precious resource It is the base of the state s great agricultural wealth North Dakota also has enormous mineral resources These mineral resources include billions of tons of lignite coal In addition North Dakota has large oil reserves Petroleum was discovered in the state in 1951 and quickly became one of North Dakota s most valuable mineral resources In the early 2000s the emergence of hydraulic fracturing technologies enabled mining companies to extract huge amounts of oil from the Bakken shale rock formation in the western part of the state North Dakota s economy is based more heavily on farming than the economies of most other states Many North Dakota factories process farm products or manufacture farm equipment Many of the state s merchants also rely on agriculture Farms and ranches cover nearly all of North Dakota They stretch from the flat Red River Valley in the east across rolling plains to the rugged Badlands in the west The chief crop wheat is grown in nearly every county North Dakota harvests more than 90 percent of the nation s canola and flaxseed It is also the country s top producer of barley and sunflower seeds and a leader in the production of beans honey lentils oats peas and sugar beets Few white settlers came to the North Dakota region before the 1870s because railroads had not yet entered the area During the early 1870s the Northern Pacific Railroad began to push across the Dakota Territory Large scale farming also began during the 1870s Eastern corporations and some families established huge wheat farms covering large areas of land in the Red River Valley The farms made such enormous profits they were called bonanza farms White settlers attracted by the success of the bonanza farms flocked to North Dakota rapidly increasing the territory s population In 1870 North Dakota had 2 405 people By 1890 the population had grown to 190 983 North Dakota was named for the Sioux people who once lived in the territory The Sioux called themselves Dakota or Lakota meaning allies or friends One of North Dakota s nicknames is the Peace Garden State This nickname honors the International Peace Garden which lies on the state s border with Manitoba Canada North Dakota is also called the Flickertail State because of the many flickertail ground squirrels Richardson s ground squirrel that live in the central part of the state North Dakota is in the U S region known as the Great Plains The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota to the east South Dakota is to the south Montana is to the west and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are to the north North Dakota is near the middle of North America with a stone marker in Rugby North Dakota marking the Geographic Center of the North American Continent With an area of 70 762 square miles 183 273 km2 35 69 001 square miles 178 712 km2 of which is land 36 North Dakota is the 19th largest state 37 The western half of the state consists of the hilly Great Plains as well as the northern part of the Badlands which are to the west of the Missouri River The state s high point White Butte at 3 506 feet 1 069 m and Theodore Roosevelt National Park 38 are in the Badlands The region is abundant in fossil fuels including natural gas crude oil and lignite coal The Missouri River forms Lake Sakakawea the third largest artificial lake in the United States behind the Garrison Dam 39 The central region of the state is divided into the Drift Prairie and the Missouri Plateau The eastern part of the state consists of the flat Red River Valley the bottom of glacial Lake Agassiz Its fertile soil drained by the meandering Red River flowing northward into Lake Winnipeg supports a large agriculture industry 40 Devils Lake the largest natural lake in the state is also found in the east 41 Most of the state is covered in grassland crops cover most of eastern North Dakota but become increasingly sparse in the center and farther west Natural trees in North Dakota are found usually where there is good drainage such as the ravines and valley near the Pembina Gorge and Killdeer Mountains the Turtle Mountains the hills around Devils Lake in the dunes area of McHenry County in central North Dakota and along the Sheyenne Valley slopes and the Sheyenne delta This diverse terrain supports nearly 2 000 species of plants 42 Climate Edit Main article Climate of North Dakota Koppen climate types of North Dakota North Dakota has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters The temperature differences are significant because of its far inland position and being roughly equal distance from the North Pole and the Equator The variation between monthly highest and lowest temperatures range from 94 F 52 C in June to 138 F 76 C in March Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in North Dakota 43 Location July F July C January F January C Fargo 82 59 28 15 18 0 7 17Bismarck 84 57 29 14 23 2 5 16Grand Forks 81 56 27 13 16 3 8 19Minot 81 58 27 14 21 3 6 16West Fargo 82 59 28 15 16 2 9 19Williston 84 56 29 13 22 0 5 17Dickinson 83 55 28 12 26 6 3 14Mandan 84 57 29 14 20 1 6 18Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures F C in North Dakota Month Maximum F C Year Place Minimum F C Year PlaceJan 70 21 1908 Chilcot 56 49 1916 GoodallFeb 72 22 1992 Fort Yates 44 60 51 1936 ParshallMar 90 32 1910 Edmore 48 44 1897 McKinneyApr 101 38 1980 Oakes 24 31 1975 Powers LakeMay 111 44 1934 Langdon 3 19 1967 LarimoreJun 112 44 2002 Brien Flasher 18 8 1969 Belcourt Indian ReservationJul 121 49 1936 Steele 23 5 1911 ManfredAug 115 46 1922 Cando 19 7 1915 New RockfordSep 109 43 1906 Larimore 4 16 1942 ParshallOct 98 37 1963 Watford City 18 28 1919 ZapNov 88 31 1909 Haley 39 39 1985 PembinaDec 70 21 1939 New England 50 46 1983 Tioga WillistonDemographics EditPopulation Edit North Dakota population density At the 2022 estimate North Dakota s population was 779 261 on July 1 2022 a 0 02 decrease since the 2020 United States census 45 This makes North Dakota the U S state with the largest percentage in population growth since 2011 North Dakota is the fourth least populous state in the country only Alaska Vermont and Wyoming have fewer residents 46 From fewer than 2 000 people in 1870 North Dakota s population grew to near 680 000 by 1930 Growth then slowed and the population has fluctuated slightly over the past seven decades hitting a low of 617 761 in the 1970 census with 642 200 in the 2000 census 47 Except for Native Americans the North Dakota population has a lesser percentage of minorities than in the nation as a whole 48 As of 2011 20 7 of North Dakota s population younger than age 1 were minorities 49 The center of population of North Dakota is in Wells County near Sykeston 50 Historical populationCensus Pop 18702 405 188036 9091 434 7 1890190 983417 4 1900319 14667 1 1910577 05680 8 1920646 87212 1 1930680 8455 3 1940641 935 5 7 1950619 636 3 5 1960632 4462 1 1970617 761 2 3 1980652 7175 7 1990638 800 2 1 2000642 2000 5 2010672 5914 7 2020779 09415 8 2022 est 779 2610 0 Source 1910 2020 51 Race and ethnicity Edit North Dakota Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Population Racial composition 1990 52 2000 53 2010 54 2020 55 White 94 6 92 4 90 0 82 9 Native American 4 1 4 9 5 4 5 0 Black 0 6 0 6 1 2 3 4 Asian 0 5 0 6 1 0 1 7 Native Hawaiian andother Pacific Islander 0 1 0 1 Other race 0 3 0 4 0 5 1 5 Two or more races 1 2 1 8 5 4 Hispanic Origin 0 7 1 2 2 0 4 3 Map of counties in North Dakota by racial plurality per the 2020 U S census Non Hispanic White 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 Native American 50 60 70 80 80 90 Note Births in table don t add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race giving a higher overall number Live births by single race ethnicity of mother Race 2013 56 2014 57 2015 58 2016 59 2017 60 2018 61 2019 62 2020 63 White 8 940 84 3 9 509 83 7 9 354 82 7 gt non Hispanic White 8 531 80 5 9 036 79 5 8 796 77 7 8 486 74 5 7 931 73 9 7 816 73 5 7 567 72 4 7 199 71 6 American Indian 1 021 9 6 1 032 9 1 985 8 7 875 7 7 820 7 6 844 7 9 803 7 7 771 7 7 Black 375 3 5 504 4 4 640 5 6 612 5 4 608 5 7 609 5 7 651 6 2 659 6 5 Asian 263 2 5 314 2 8 344 3 0 303 2 7 286 2 7 250 2 4 244 2 3 250 2 5 Hispanic of any race 436 4 1 480 4 2 580 5 1 584 5 1 587 5 5 635 6 0 651 6 2 672 6 7 Total North Dakota 10 599 100 11 359 100 11 314 100 11 383 100 10 737 100 10 636 100 10 454 100 10 059 Since 2016 data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected but included in one Hispanic group persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Throughout the mid 19th century Dakota Territory was still dominated by Native Americans warfare and disease reduced their population at the same time Europeans and Americans were settling in the area Throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century North Dakota along with most of the Midwest U S experienced a mass influx of newcomers from both the eastern United States and immigrants from Europe North Dakota was a known popular destination for immigrant farmers and general laborers and their families mostly from Norway Iceland Sweden Germany and the United Kingdom Much of this settlement gravitated throughout the western side of the Red River Valley as was similarly seen in South Dakota and in a parallel manner in Minnesota This area is well known for its fertile lands By the outbreak of the First World War this was among North America s richest farming regions But a period of higher rainfall ended and many migrants weren t successful in the arid conditions Many family plots were too small to farm successfully From the 1930s until the end of the 20th century North Dakota s population gradually declined interrupted by a couple of brief increases Young adults with university degrees were particularly likely to leave the state With the advancing process of mechanization of agricultural practices and environmental conditions requiring larger landholdings for successful agriculture subsistence farming proved to be too risky for families Many people moved to urban areas for jobs 64 Since the late 20th century one of the major causes of migration from North Dakota is the lack of skilled jobs for college graduates Expansion of economic development programs has been urged to create skilled and high tech jobs but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate 65 During the first decade of the 21st century the population increased in large part because of jobs in the oil industry related to development of unconventional tight oil shale oil fields 66 Elsewhere the Native American population has increased as some reservations have attracted people back from urban areas According to the 2010 U S census the racial and ethnic composition of North Dakota was 88 7 non Hispanic white 5 4 Native American 1 2 Black or African American 1 0 Asian 0 1 Pacific Islander 0 5 some other race and 0 2 from two or more races 67 At the 2019 American Community Survey North Dakota s racial and ethnic makeup was 83 6 non Hispanic white 2 9 Black or African American 5 0 Native American and Alaska Native 1 4 Asian 0 4 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0 1 some other race 2 7 multiracial and 4 0 Hispanic or Latin American of any race 68 North Dakota is one of the top resettlement locations for refugees proportionally According to the U S Office of Refugee Resettlement in 2013 2014 more than 68 refugees per 100 000 North Dakotans were settled in the state 69 In fiscal year 2014 582 refugees settled in the state 70 Fargo Mayor Mahoney said North Dakota accepting the most refugees per capita should be celebrated given the benefits they bring to the state 71 In 2015 Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota the state s only resettlement agency was awarded 458 090 in federal funding to improve refugee services 72 29 8 of immigrants in North Dakota are from Africa leading to a rapid increase in the black proportion of the population in recent decades from 0 6 in 2000 to 3 9 in 2020 73 Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3 323 people and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21 110 people 74 Of the residents of North Dakota in 2009 69 8 were born in North Dakota 27 2 were born in a different state 0 6 were born in Puerto Rico U S Island areas or born abroad to American parent s and 2 4 were born in another country 75 The age and gender distributions approximate the national average In 2019 4 1 were foreign born residents 76 Languages Edit In 2010 94 86 584 496 of North Dakotans over 5 years old spoke English as their primary language 5 14 31 684 of North Dakotans spoke a language other than English 1 39 8 593 spoke German 1 37 8 432 spoke Spanish and 0 30 1 847 spoke Norwegian Other languages spoken included Serbo Croatian 0 19 Chinese and Japanese both 0 15 and Native American languages and French both 0 13 77 In 2000 2 5 of the population spoke German in addition to English reflecting early 20th century immigration 78 Religion Edit Religion in North Dakota 2020 79 religion percentProtestant 52 Catholic 22 Unaffiliated 22 Muslim 1 Other faiths 1 Vang Evangelical Lutheran Church in Manfred The Pew Research Center determined 77 of the adult population was Christian in 2014 80 In contrast with many southern U S states mainline Protestantism was the largest form of Protestantism practiced 28 The largest mainline Protestant denomination in North Dakota was the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the United Methodist Church was the second largest Evangelical Protestants forming the second largest Protestant branch 22 were also dominated by Lutherans the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod was the largest Evangelical denomination Among the Christian population of North Dakota the Roman Catholic Church was the single largest Christian denomination According to the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020 75 of the adult population were Christian with mainline Protestantism remaining the majority and evangelical Protestantism at 18 of the population 81 Per the Pew Research Center in 2014 non Christian religions accounted for 3 of the adult population with Islam being the largest non Christian religion Other faiths such as Unitarians and New Agers collectively made up 1 of the practicing population At the 2014 survey 20 were unaffiliated with any religion and 2 of North Dakotans were atheist 13 of the population practiced nothing in particular 80 The 2020 Public Religion Research Institute s survey determined 22 were unaffiliated with any religion 81 The largest church bodies by number of adherents in 2010 were the Roman Catholic Church with 167 349 the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 163 209 and the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod with 22 003 82 In 2006 North Dakota had the most churches per capita of any state 83 Additionally North Dakota had the highest percentage of church going population of any state in 2006 83 A 2001 survey indicated 35 of North Dakota s population was Lutheran and 30 was Catholic Other religious groups represented were Methodists 7 Baptists 6 the Assemblies of God 3 Presbyterians 1 27 84 and Jehovah s Witnesses 1 Christians with unstated or other denominational affiliations including other Protestants and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints LDS Church totaled 3 bringing the total Christian population to 86 There were an estimated 920 Muslims and 730 Jews in the state in 2000 85 Three percent of respondents answered no religion on the survey and 6 declined to answer 83 Economy EditSee also List of North Dakota companies and North Dakota locations by per capita income Sunflowers in Traill County North Dakota Agriculture is North Dakota s largest industry although petroleum food processing and technology are also major industries 86 Its growth rate is about 4 1 87 According to the U S Bureau of Economic Analysis the economy of North Dakota had a gross domestic product of 55 180 billion in the second quarter of 2018 88 The per capita income for the state was 34 256 when measured from 2013 to 2017 by the United States Department of Commerce 89 The three year median household income from 2013 to 2017 was 61 285 89 According to Gallup data North Dakota led the U S in job creation in 2013 and has done so since 2009 The state has a Job Creation Index score of 40 nearly 10 points ahead of its nearest competitors 90 North Dakota has added 56 600 private sector jobs since 2011 creating an annual growth rate of 7 32 percent 91 92 According to statistics released in December 2020 by the Bureau of Economic Analysis North Dakota had the highest rate of annual growth in personal consumption expenditures of all 50 states from 2009 2018 93 During this time period annual nominal personal income growth averaged 6 per year compared to the U S average of 4 4 North Dakota s personal income growth is tied to various private business sectors such as agriculture energy development and construction 94 95 North Dakota also had the highest growth in personal expenditures on housing and utilities of all states reflecting the sharply increased demand for housing in the 2010s Just over 21 of North Dakota s total 2013 gross domestic product GDP of 49 77 billion comes from natural resources and mining 96 North Dakota is the only state with a state owned bank the Bank of North Dakota in Bismarck and a state owned flour mill the North Dakota Mill and Elevator in Grand Forks These were established by the NPL before World War II As of 2012 Fargo is home to the second largest campus of Microsoft with 1 700 employees and Amazon com employs several hundred in Grand Forks 97 98 As of December 2019 update the state s unemployment rate is among the lowest in the nation at 2 4 percent 99 With the exception of a five month period in 2020 the unemployment rate remained below five percent each month since 1987 100 At end of 2010 the state per capita income was ranked 17th in the nation the biggest increase of any state in a decade from rank 38th 101 The reduction in the unemployment rate and growth in per capita income is attributable to the oil boom in the state 93 Due to a combination of oil related development and investing in technology and service industries North Dakota has had a budget surplus every year since the 2008 market crash 102 Since 1976 the highest that North Dakota s unemployment rate has reached is just 6 2 recorded in 1983 Every U S state except neighboring South Dakota has had a higher unemployment rate during that period 103 Agriculture Edit North Dakota s earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture Although less than 10 of the population is employed in the agricultural sector 104 it remains a major part of the state s economy With industrial scale farming it ranks 9th in the nation in the value of crops and 18th in total value of agricultural products sold Large farms generate the most crops The share of people in the state employed in agriculture is comparatively high as of 2008 update only two to three percent of the population of the United States is directly employed in agriculture 105 North Dakota has about 90 of its land area in farms with 27 500 000 acres 111 000 km2 of cropland the third largest amount in the nation Between 2002 and 2007 total cropland increased by about a million acres 4 000 km2 North Dakota was the only state showing an increase Over the same period 1 800 000 acres 7 300 km2 were shifted into soybean and corn monoculture production the largest such shift in the United States 106 Agriculturalists are concerned about too much monoculture as it makes the economy at risk from insect or crop diseases affecting a major crop In addition this development has adversely affected habitats of wildlife and birds and the balance of the ecosystem North Dakota Mill and Elevator postcard ca 1922 The state is the largest producer in the U S of many cereal grains including barley 36 of U S crop durum wheat 58 hard red spring wheat 48 oats 17 and combined wheat of all types 15 It is the second leading producer of buckwheat 20 As of 2007 update corn became the state s largest crop produced although it is only 2 of total U S production 106 The Corn Belt extends to North Dakota but is more on the edge of the region instead of in its center Corn yields are high in the southeast part of the state and smaller in other parts of the state Most of the cereal grains are grown for livestock feed The state is the leading producer of many oilseeds including 92 of the U S canola crop 94 of flax seed 53 of sunflower seeds 18 of safflower seeds and 62 of mustard seed Canola is suited to the cold winters and it matures fast Processing of canola for oil production produces canola meal as a by product The by product is a high protein animal feed Soybeans are also an increasingly important crop with 400 000 acres 1 600 km2 additional planted between 2002 and 2007 106 Soybeans are a major crop in the eastern part of the state and cultivation is common in the southeast part of the state Soybeans were not grown at all in North Dakota in the 1940s but the crop has become especially common since 1998 107 In North Dakota soybeans have to mature fast because of the comparatively short growing season Soybeans are grown for livestock feed North Dakota is the second leading producer of sugarbeets which are grown mostly in the Red River Valley The state is also the largest producer of honey dry edible peas and beans lentils and the third largest producer of potatoes 106 North Dakota s Top Agricultural Commodities according to the USDA as of 2011 update 108 2011 rank in the U S Commodity Percent of nation s production1 Beans dry edible all 25 1 Beans navy 35 1 Beans pinto 46 1 Canola 83 1 Flaxseed 87 1 Honey 22 1 Sunflower oil 40 1 Wheat durum 36 1 Wheat spring 37 2 Sunflower all 38 2 Sunflower non oil 24 2 Wheat all 10 3 Barley 11 3 Lentils 17 3 Oats 8 3 Peas dry edible 21 3 Sugarbeets 16 4 Safflower 1 6 Hay alfalfa 6 6 Potatoes 4 8 Hay all 4 10 Soybeans 4 12 Corn for grain 2 17 Hay other 2 26 Wheat winter 1 21 Sheep and lambs 1 17 Cattle and calves 2 15 Wool production 2 Energy Edit See also List of power stations in North Dakota Oil well in western North Dakota The energy industry is a major contributor to the economy North Dakota has both coal and oil reserves On average the state s production of oil production grew at average annual rate of 48 4 from 2009 2018 During these years oil production increased each year from 2009 to 2015 with 2016 marked by a slight decline and a return to growth since 93 Shale gas is also produced Lignite coal reserves in Western North Dakota are used to generate about 90 of the electricity consumed and electricity is also exported to nearby states 109 North Dakota has the second largest lignite coal production in the U S 110 However lignite coal is the lowest grade coal There are larger and higher grade coal reserves anthracite bituminous coal and subbituminous coal in other U S states Oil was discovered near Tioga in 1951 generating 53 million barrels 8 400 000 m3 of oil a year by 1984 111 Recoverable oil reserves have jumped dramatically recently The oil reserves of the Bakken Formation may hold up to 400 billion barrels 6 4 1010 m3 of oil 25 times larger than the reserves in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 112 113 A report issued in April 2008 by the U S Geological Survey estimates the oil recoverable by current technology in the Bakken formation is two orders of magnitude less in the range of 3 billion barrels 480 10 6 m3 to 4 3 billion barrels 680 10 6 m3 with a mean of 3 65 billion barrels 580 10 6 m3 114 The northwestern part of the state is the center of the North Dakota oil boom The Williston Tioga Stanley and Minot Burlington communities are having rapid growth that strains housing and local services As of 2012 update the state is the 2nd largest oil producer in the U S with an average of 575 490 barrels 91 496 m3 per day 115 116 117 The Great Plains region which includes the state of North Dakota has been referred to as the Saudi Arabia of wind energy 118 Development of wind energy in North Dakota has been cost effective because the state has large rural expanses and wind speeds seldom go below 10 miles per hour 16 km h Tourism Edit North Dakota is considered the least visited state owing in part to its not having a major tourist attraction 119 Nonetheless tourism is North Dakota s third largest industry contributing more than 3 billion into the state s economy annually Outdoor attractions like the 144 mile 232 km Maah Daah Hey Trail and activities like fishing and hunting attract visitors The state is known for the Lewis amp Clark Trail and being the winter camp of the Corps of Discovery 120 Areas popular with visitors include Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the western part of the state The park often exceeds 475 000 visitors each year 121 Regular events in the state that attract tourists include Norsk Hostfest in Minot billed as North America s largest Scandinavian festival 122 the Medora Musical and the North Dakota State Fair The state also receives a significant number of visitors from the neighboring Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan particularly when the exchange rate is favorable 123 International tourists now also come to visit the Oscar Zero Missile Alert Facility 124 Health care Edit See also List of hospitals in North Dakota North Dakota has six level II trauma centers 44 hospitals 52 rural health clinics and 80 nursing homes 125 126 127 128 Major provider networks include Sanford St Alexius Trinity and Altru Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota is the largest medical insurer in the state 129 North Dakota expanded Medicaid in 2014 130 and its health insurance exchange is the federal site HealthCare gov 131 North Dakota law requires pharmacies other than hospital dispensaries and pre existing stores to be majority owned by pharmacists Voters rejected a proposal to change the law in 2014 132 133 Culture EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message American Indian Nations Edit Paul Kane witnessed and participated in the annual bison hunt of the Metis in June 1846 on the prairies in Dakota In the 21st century North Dakota has an increasing population of Native Americans who in 2010 made up 5 44 of the population By the early 19th century the territory was dominated by Siouan speaking peoples whose territory stretched west from the Great Lakes area The word Dakota is a Sioux Lakota Dakota word meaning allies or friends The primary historic tribal nations in or around North Dakota are the Lakota and the Dakota The Great Sioux Nation or Oceti Sakowin meaning the seven council fires the Blackfoot the Cheyenne the Chippewa known as Ojibwe in Canada and the Mandan There are six Indian reservations in North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe Standing Rock Indian Reservation Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Fort Berthold Indian Reservation Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation and The Mandan Hidatsa and Arikara Nation Pow wows Edit Social gatherings known as powwows or wacipis in Lakota Dakota continue to be an important part of Native American culture and are held regularly throughout the state Throughout Native American history powwows were held usually in the spring to rejoice at the beginning of new life and the end of the winter cold These events brought Native American tribes together for singing and dancing and allowed them to meet with old friends and acquaintances as well as to make new ones Many powwows also held religious significance for some tribes Today powwows are still a part of the Native American culture and are attended by Natives and non Natives alike In North Dakota the United Tribes International Powwow held each September in the capital of Bismarck is one of the largest powwows in the United States A pow wow is an occasion for parades and Native American dancers in regalia with many dancing styles presented It is traditional for male dancers to wear regalia decorated with beads quills and eagle feathers male grass dancers wear colorful fringe regalia and male fancy dancers wear brightly colored feathers Female dancers dance much more subtly than male dancers Fancy female dancers wear cloth beaded moccasins and jewelry while the jingle dress dancer wears a dress made of metal cones Inter tribal dances during the powwow allow everyone even spectators to take part in the dancing Norwegian and Icelandic influences Edit Norwegian settlers in front of their sod house in North Dakota in 1898 Around 1870 many European immigrants from Norway settled in North Dakota s northeastern corner especially near the Red River Icelanders also arrived from Canada 134 Pembina was a town of many Norwegians when it was founded they worked on family farms They started Lutheran churches and schools greatly outnumbering other denominations in the area This group has unique foods such as lefse and lutefisk The continent s largest Scandinavian event Norsk Hostfest is celebrated each September in Minot s North Dakota State Fair Center a local attraction featuring art architecture and cultural artifacts from all five Nordic countries The Icelandic State Park in Pembina County and an annual Icelandic festival reflect immigrants from that country who are also descended from Scandinavians Old World folk customs have persisted for decades in North Dakota with the revival of techniques in weaving silver crafting and wood carving Traditional turf roof houses are displayed in parks this style originated in Iceland A stave church is a landmark in Minot Norwegian Americans constitute nearly one third or 32 3 of Minot s total population and 30 8 of North Dakota s total population Germans from Russia Edit See also Germans from Russia Ethnic Germans who had settled in Russia for several generations since the reign of Catherine the Great grew dissatisfied in the nineteenth century because of economic problems and because of the revocation of religious freedoms for Mennonites and Hutterites in particular the revocation of exemption from military service in 1871 Most Mennonites and Hutterites migrated to America in the late 1870s By 1900 about 100 000 had immigrated to the U S settling primarily in North Dakota South Dakota Kansas and Nebraska The south central part of North Dakota became known as the German Russian triangle By 1910 about 60 000 ethnic Germans from Russia lived in Central North Dakota These individuals were Lutherans Mennonites Hutterites and Roman Catholics who had kept most of their German customs of the time when their ancestors immigrated to Russia They were committed to agriculture Traditional iron cemetery grave markers are a famous art form practiced by ethnic Germans 135 136 Fine and performing arts Edit North Dakota s major fine art museums and venues include the Chester Fritz Auditorium Empire Arts Center the Fargo Theatre North Dakota Museum of Art and the Plains Art Museum The Bismarck Mandan Symphony Orchestra Fargo Moorhead Symphony Orchestra Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra Minot Symphony Orchestra and Great Plains Harmony Chorus are full time professional and semi professional musical ensembles who perform concerts and offer educational programs to the community Entertainment Edit See also Music of North Dakota North Dakotan musicians of many genres include blues guitarist Jonny Lang country music singer Lynn Anderson jazz and traditional pop singer and songwriter Peggy Lee big band leader Lawrence Welk and pop singer Bobby Vee The state is also home to Indie rock June Panic of Fargo signed to Secretly Canadian Hollywood and TV Star Angie Dickinson was born in Kulm and moved to Burbank Ca as a ten year old Ed Schultz was known around the country as the host of progressive talk radio show The Ed Schultz Show and The Ed Show on MSNBC Shadoe Stevens hosted American Top 40 from 1988 to 1995 Josh Duhamel is an Emmy Award winning actor known for his roles in All My Children and Las Vegas 137 Nicole Linkletter and CariDee English were winning contestants of Cycles 5 and 7 respectively of America s Next Top Model Kellan Lutz has appeared in movies such as Stick It Accepted Prom Night and Twilight Cuisine Edit Main article Cuisine of North Dakota Sports Edit Bismarck was home of the Dakota Wizards of the NBA Development League and currently hosts the Bismarck Bucks of the Indoor Football League North Dakota has two NCAA Division I teams the North Dakota Fighting Hawks and North Dakota State Bison and two Division II teams the Mary Marauders and Minot State Beavers Fargo is home to the USHL ice hockey team the Fargo Force Fargo is also the home of the Fargo Moorhead RedHawks of the American Association The North Dakota High School Activities Association features more than 25 000 participants Outdoor activities such as hunting and fishing are hobbies for many North Dakotans Ice fishing skiing and snowmobiling are also popular during the winter months Residents of North Dakota may own or visit a cabin along a lake Popular sport fish include walleye perch and northern pike 138 The western terminus of the North Country National Scenic Trail is on Lake Sakakawea where it abuts the Lewis and Clark Trail Media EditSee also List of newspapers in North Dakota List of radio stations in North Dakota and List of television stations in North Dakota The state has 10 daily newspapers the largest being The Forum of Fargo Moorhead Other weekly and monthly publications most of which are fully supported by advertising are also available The most prominent of these is the alternative weekly High Plains Reader The state s oldest radio station WDAY AM was launched on May 23 1922 139 North Dakota s three major radio markets center around Fargo Bismarck and Grand Forks though stations broadcast in every region of the state Several new stations were built in Williston in the early 2010s North Dakota has 34 AM and 88 FM radio stations 140 141 142 KFGO in Fargo has the largest audience 143 Broadcast television in North Dakota started on April 3 1953 when KCJB TV now KXMC TV in Minot started operations 144 North Dakota s television media markets are Fargo Grand Forks 117th largest nationally including the eastern half of the state and Minot Bismarck 152nd making up the western half of the state 145 There are currently 31 full power television stations arranged into 10 networks with 17 digital subchannels Public broadcasting in North Dakota is provided by Prairie Public with statewide television and radio networks affiliated with PBS and NPR Public access television stations open to community programming are offered on cable systems in Bismarck Dickinson Fargo and Jamestown Education EditHigher education Edit Main article List of colleges and universities in North Dakota The state has 11 public colleges and universities five tribal community colleges and four private schools The largest institutions are North Dakota State University and the University of North Dakota The higher education system consists of the following institutions North Dakota University System public institutions Bismarck State College in Bismarck Dickinson State University in Dickinson Lake Region State College in Devils Lake Mayville State University in Mayville Minot State University in Minot Dakota College at Bottineau in Bottineau North Dakota State University in Fargo North Dakota State College of Science in Wahpeton amp Fargo University of North Dakota in Grand Forks Valley City State University in Valley City Williston State College in Williston Tribal institutions Cankdeska Cikana Community College in Fort Totten Fort Berthold Community College in New Town Sitting Bull College in Fort Yates Turtle Mountain Community College in Belcourt United Tribes Technical College in Bismarck Private institutions University of Mary in Bismarck University of Jamestown in Jamestown Rasmussen College in Fargo Trinity Bible College in Ellendale Primary and secondary education Edit See also List of school districts in North Dakota There were 142 schools in North Dakota cities and 4 722 one room schools in the state in 1917 The urban schools had 36 008 students and 83 167 students attended the one room schools 1 889 of the one room schools closed between 1929 and 1954 In 1954 North Dakotan cities had 513 schools while 2 447 one room schools were in the state At that time the urban schools had 94 019 students while the one room schools had 25 212 students 146 The Nation s Report Card ranks North Dakota fifteenth in the country in K 12 education based on standardized test scores 147 Emergency services EditThe North Dakota Department of Emergency Services 148 provides 24 7 communication and coordination for more than 50 agencies In addition it administers federal disaster recovery programs and the Homeland Security Grant Program 149 In 2011 the Department selected Geo Comm Inc 150 for the Statewide Seamless Base Map Project which will facilitate identifying locations 9 1 1 callers and route emergency calls based on locations 151 In 1993 the state adopted the Burkle addressing system numbering rural roads and buildings to aid in the delivery of emergency services 152 Transportation EditSee also List of North Dakota numbered highways List of North Dakota railroads and Aviation in North Dakota Interstate 94 in North Dakota near Gladstone Transportation in North Dakota is overseen by the North Dakota Department of Transportation The major Interstate highways are Interstate 29 and Interstate 94 with I 29 and I 94 meeting at Fargo with I 29 oriented north to south along the eastern edge of the state and I 94 bisecting the state from east to west between Minnesota and Montana A unique feature of the North Dakota Interstate Highway system is virtually all of it is paved in concrete not blacktop because of the extreme weather conditions it must endure BNSF and the Canadian Pacific Railway operate the state s largest rail systems Many branch lines formerly used by BNSF and Canadian Pacific Railway are now operated by the Dakota Missouri Valley and Western Railroad and the Red River Valley and Western Railroad 153 154 North Dakota s principal airports are the Hector International Airport FAR in Fargo Grand Forks International Airport GFK Bismarck Municipal Airport BIS Minot International Airport MOT and Williston Basin International Airport XWA in Williston Amtrak s Empire Builder runs through North Dakota making stops at Fargo 2 13 am westbound 3 35 am eastbound Grand Forks 4 52 am westbound 12 57 am eastbound Minot around 9 am westbound and around 9 30 pm eastbound and four other stations 155 It is the descendant of the famous line of the same name run by the Great Northern Railway which was built by the tycoon James J Hill and ran from St Paul to Seattle Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound and Jefferson Lines Public transit in North Dakota includes daily fixed route bus systems in Fargo Bismarck Mandan Grand Forks and Minot paratransit service in 57 communities along with multi county rural transit systems 156 Law and government EditAs with the federal government of the United States political power in North Dakota state government is divided into three branches executive legislative and judicial 157 The Constitution of North Dakota and the North Dakota Century Code form the formal law of the state the North Dakota Administrative Code incorporates additional rules and policies of state agencies 158 In a 2020 study North Dakota was ranked as the 8th easiest state for citizens to vote in 159 Executive Edit Building in Bismarck that houses a variety of state agencies Workforce Safety amp Insurance Retirement amp Investment Parks amp Recreation PERS Child Support Commerce and OBM Risk Management See also List of Governors of North Dakota List of Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota List of Secretaries of State of North Dakota and List of Attorneys General of North Dakota The executive branch is headed by the elected governor The current governor is Doug Burgum a Republican who took office December 15 2016 after his predecessor Jack Dalrymple did not seek reelection The current Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota is Brent Sanford who is also the President of the Senate The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four year terms which are next up for election in 2024 The governor has a cabinet consisting of appointed leaders of various state government agencies called commissioners The other elected constitutional offices are secretary of state attorney general state auditor and state treasurer Legislative Edit The North Dakota Legislative Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives The state has 47 districts each with one senator and two representatives Both senators and representatives are elected to four year terms The state s legal code is named the North Dakota Century Code Judicial Edit North Dakota s court system has four levels one of which is dormant Municipal courts serve the cities Decisions from municipal courts are generally appealable to district court Most cases start in the district courts which are courts of general jurisdiction There are 42 district court judges in seven judicial districts 160 161 Appeals from final district court decisions are made to the North Dakota Supreme Court An intermediate court of appeals was provided for by statute in 1987 but the North Dakota Court of Appeals has only heard 65 cases since its inception The North Dakota Court of Appeals is essentially dormant but capable of meeting if the North Dakota Supreme Court s case load necessitates the reestablishment of intermediate review 162 163 Indian tribes and reservations Edit Administrative building for the Standing Rock Indian Reservation Historically North Dakota was populated by the Mandan Hidatsa Lakota and Ojibwe and later by the Sanish and Metis Today five federally recognized tribes within the boundaries of North Dakota have independent sovereign relationships with the federal government and territorial reservations Mandan Hidatsa and Arikara Nation Fort Berthold Reservation Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Lake Traverse Indian Reservation Standing Rock Sioux Standing Rock Indian Reservation Spirit Lake Tribe Spirit Lake Reservation and Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians Turtle Mountain Reservation Federal Edit See also List of United States Senators from North Dakota and List of Presidential visits to North Dakota North Dakota s United States Senators are John Hoeven R and Kevin Cramer R The state has one at large congressional district represented by Representative Kelly Armstrong R Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota which holds court in Bismarck Fargo Grand Forks and Minot Appeals are heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals based in St Louis Missouri Politics Edit Main article Politics of North Dakota See also Political party strength in North Dakota and List of political parties in North DakotaMIT s Election Performance Index ranked North Dakota 1 in overall election administration policy and performance in the 2018 2014 2012 2010 and 2008 elections 164 Treemap of the popular vote by county 2016 presidential election The major political parties in North Dakota are the Democratic NPL and the Republican Party As of 2007 update the Constitution Party and the Libertarian Party are also organized parties in the state At the state level the governorship has been held by the Republican Party since 1992 along with a majority of the state legislature and statewide officers Dem NPL showings were strong in the 2000 governor s race and in the 2006 legislative elections but the League has not had a major breakthrough since the administration of former state governor George Sinner The Republican Party presidential candidate usually carries the state by a considerable margin in 2020 Donald Trump won over 65 of the vote Of all the Democratic presidential candidates since 1892 only Grover Cleveland 1892 one of three votes Woodrow Wilson 1912 and 1916 Franklin D Roosevelt 1932 and 1936 and Lyndon B Johnson 1964 received Electoral College votes from North Dakota On the other hand Dem NPL candidates for North Dakota s federal Senate and House seats won every election between 1982 and 2008 and the state s federal delegation was entirely Democratic from 1987 to 2011 However both of the current U S senators John Hoeven and Kevin Cramer are Republicans as is the sole House member Kelly Armstrong State taxes Edit North Dakota has a slightly progressive income tax structure the five brackets of state income tax rates are 1 1 2 04 2 27 2 64 and 2 90 as of 2017 165 In 2005 North Dakota ranked 22nd highest by per capita state taxes 166 The sales tax in North Dakota is 5 for most items 167 The state allows municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes such as the 1 75 supplemental sales tax in Grand Forks 168 Excise taxes are levied on the purchase price or market value of aircraft registered in North Dakota The state imposes a use tax on items purchased elsewhere but used within North Dakota Owners of real property in North Dakota pay property tax to their county municipality school district and special taxing districts 169 The Tax Foundation ranks North Dakota as the state with the 20th most business friendly tax climate in the nation 170 Tax Freedom Day arrives on April 1 10 days earlier than the national Tax Freedom Day 170 In 2006 North Dakota was the state with the lowest number of returns filed by taxpayers with an adjusted gross income of over 1M only 333 171 Notable people EditFor a more comprehensive list see List of people from North Dakota Lynn Anderson country music singer Sam Anderson actor Carmen Berg Playboy Playmate July 1987 Brian Bohrer minister and author Paula Broadwell American writer academic and former military officer James Buchli former NASA astronaut Quentin Burdick former U S Senator third longest serving Senator among current members of this body Warren Christopher former U S Secretary of State diplomat and lawyer Shannon Curfman American blues rock guitarist and singer Angie Dickinson Golden Globe winning television and film actress Josh Duhamel Emmy Award winning actor and former male fashion model Carl Ben Eielson aviator bush pilot and explorer CariDee English winner of Cycle 7 on America s Next Top Model Host of Pretty Wicked Louise Erdrich Native American author of novels poetry and children s books Darin Erstad MLB all star and World Series Champion Travis Hafner Former MLB Designated Hitter for the Cleveland Indians Richard Hieb former NASA astronaut Clint Hill United States Secret Service agent who was in the presidential motorcade during the assassination of John F Kennedy Virgil Hill former WBA World Cruiserweight champion and Olympic boxer Phil Jackson former basketball coach who won 11 NBA championships in his coaching career David C Jones 9th chairman of the U S Joint Chiefs of Staff Gordon Kahl tax protester best known for the Medina shootout in 1983 Chuck Klosterman writer journalist critic humorist and essayist whose work often focuses on pop culture Louis L Amour author of primarily Western fiction Jonny Lang Grammy winning blues guitarist and singer Peggy Lee jazz and traditional pop singer and songwriter Nicole Linkletter winner of Cycle 5 on America s Next Top Model Kellan Lutz actor who portrays Emmett Cullen in Twilight and New Moon Former male fashion model Roger Maris right fielder in Major League Baseball and former single season home run record holder Connor McGovern professional football player for the Denver Broncos and the New York Jets Cara Mund Miss America 2018 Thomas McGrath poet and political activist Michael H Miller 61st Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy Griffin Neal professional football player for the New Orleans Saints Mancur Olson economist Alan Ritchson participant in 3rd season of American Idol singer model and actor Sakakawea who joined Lewis and Clark on their expedition Ed Schultz host of The Ed Schultz Show Eric Sevareid CBS news journalist Ann Sothern Oscar nominated film and television actress Richard St Clair Harvard educated composer of modern classical music Shadoe Stevens host of American Top 40 Bobby Vee pop music singer Lawrence Welk musician accordion player bandleader and television impresario Carson Wentz professional football player for the Indianapolis Colts See also EditIndex of North Dakota related articles Outline of North Dakota North Dakota portal United States portalReferences Edit a b Elevations and Distances in the United States United States Geological Survey 2001 Archived from the original on October 15 2011 Retrieved October 24 2011 a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Median Annual Household Income The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation Archived from the original on December 20 2016 Retrieved December 9 2016 North Dakota Century Code CHAPTER 54 02 13 PDF September 13 2013 Archived from the original PDF on January 17 2013 Retrieved September 13 2013 Stein Mark 2008 How the States Got Their Shapes Smithsonian Books Harper Collins p 256 ISBN 978 0061431395 North Dakota History Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on June 25 2021 Retrieved August 14 2021 Current Unemployment Rates for States and Historical Highs Lows Bureau of Labor Statistics April 2018 Archived from the original on September 5 2013 Retrieved December 18 2015 a b Shactman Brian August 28 2011 Unemployed Go to North Dakota CNBC Archived from the original on October 15 2012 Retrieved February 7 2013 a b Fernando Vincent Jin Betty August 23 2010 10 States With Ridiculously Low Unemployment And Why Business Insider Archived from the original on May 21 2013 Retrieved February 7 2013 a b Shaffer David December 22 2012 N Dakota population growth is tops in U S Star Tribune Archived from the original on June 9 2013 Retrieved February 7 2013 a b c Wood W Raymond and Thomas D Thiessen Early Fur Trade On The Northern Plains Canadian Traders Among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians 1738 1818 Norman and London 1987 p 5 Ahler Stanley A T D Thiessen and M K Trimble People of the Willows The Prehistory and Early History of the Hidatsa Indians Grand Forks 1991 p 38 Wood W Raymond Notes on the Crow Hidatsa Schism Plains Anthropologist Vol 22 1977 pp 83 100 p 86 Milloy John S The Plains Cree Trade Diplomacy and War 1790 1870 Winnipeg 1988 pp 47 66 Wood W Raymond The Earliest Map of the Mandan Heartland Notes on the Jarvis and Mackay 1791 Map Plains Anthropologist Vol 55 No 216 Nov 2010 pp 255 276 p 266 Hyde George E Life of George Bent Written From His Letters Norman 1987 pp 9 15 Wood W Raymond The Earliest Map of the Mandan Heartland Notes on the Jarvis and Mackay 1791 Map Plains Anthropologist Vol 55 No 216 Nov 2010 pp 255 276 p 272 Meyer Roy W The Village Indians of Upper Missouri The Mandans Hidatsas and Arikaras Lincoln and London 1977 p 90 Audio Transcript of Pierre Gaultier de La Verendrye 1738 The Atlas of Canada 2003 Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 Louisiana Purchase History Facts amp Map Britannica com Archived from the original on May 1 2015 Retrieved September 4 2017 Now You Know Why Are There Two Dakotas Time Archived from the original on April 8 2022 Retrieved April 7 2022 Moving Toward Statehood North Dakota Studies October 17 2015 Archived from the original on October 17 2015 Retrieved April 7 2022 Enabling Act Washington State Legislature Archived from the original on September 19 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 H I P Pocket Change Web Site Coin of the Month usmint gov September 2006 Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved November 15 2018 North Dakota s Boundaries North Dakota Geological Survey 2002 Archived from the original on July 21 2011 Retrieved August 19 2007 CHAPTER 10 06 1 Corporate or Limited Liability Company Farming PDF State of North Dakota Archived PDF from the original on December 22 2016 Retrieved December 29 2016 Harkinson Josh March 27 2009 How the Nation s Only State Owned Bank Became the Envy of Wall Street Mother Jones Archived from the original on December 30 2016 Retrieved December 29 2016 North Dakota State Capitol Building amp Grounds Virtual Tour Map The Real North Dakota Project Archived from the original on September 25 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 North Dakota Timeline WorldAtlas com Archived from the original on July 15 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 a b North Dakota History Overview and Summary State Historical Society of North Dakota 1999 Archived from the original on April 3 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 Perry Mark January 31 2013 Bakken oil boom in North Dakota might last for 100 years American Enterprise Institute Archived from the original on February 6 2013 Retrieved February 7 2013 Effgen Christopher United States Crime Rates 1960 2016 www disastercenter com Archived from the original on July 1 2012 Retrieved December 5 2017 Crime In North Dakota s Oil Boom 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of Minnesota 1979 Archived from the original on August 11 2007 Retrieved August 17 2007 North Dakota Facts and Trivia 50States com 2007 Archived from the original on July 11 2007 Retrieved August 17 2007 Flora of North Dakota Checklist ashipunov info Archived from the original on September 24 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 North Dakota climate averages Weatherbase Archived from the original on October 9 2015 Retrieved November 10 2015 Also on earlier dates at the same time or other places QuickFacts North Dakota UNITED STATES 2022 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division December 26 2022 Retrieved December 26 2022 Bureau U S Census U S Census website United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on December 27 1996 Retrieved February 22 2018 North Dakota Historical Population North Dakota State University Archived from the original on November 13 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 North Dakota QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau Archived from the 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leads nation in refugee resettlement per capita Inforum com October 4 2015 Archived from the original on September 26 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Federal funding issued for refugee resettlement Inforum com September 25 2015 Archived from the original on September 26 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Place of Birth for the Foreign born Population Archived from the original on March 25 2022 Retrieved January 24 2022 Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States Regions and States April 1 2000 to July 1 2008 NST EST2008 04 U S Census Bureau December 15 2015 Archived from the original CSV on February 5 2009 Retrieved January 16 2009 Data Access and Dissemination Systems DADS U S Census website Results Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine 2019 QuickFacts U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on March 27 2021 Retrieved May 22 2021 Most Spoken Language in North Dakota in 2010 Modern Language Association Archived from the original on 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Department of Emergency Services About NDDES Nd gov Archived from the original on July 24 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Home GeoComm GeoComm Archived from the original on September 3 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Map Data Development Services Geo comm com Archived from the original on June 19 2015 Retrieved September 4 2017 Emergency Services Communications Systems PDF North Dakota Century Code Archived PDF from the original on August 19 2017 Retrieved June 7 2017 Dakota Missouri Valley and Western Railroad Dakota Missouri Valley and Western Railroad Archived from the original on October 4 2007 Retrieved October 5 2007 About Us Red River Valley and Western Railroad Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved October 5 2007 Amtrak Routes Northwest Amtrak Archived from the original on October 11 2007 Retrieved October 5 2007 Transit Data Maps Archived December 12 2013 at the Wayback Machine NDSU SURTC Retrieved on July 12 2013 State Government State of North Dakota Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved October 6 2007 North Dakota Administrative Code North Dakota Legislative Branch Legis nd gov July 1 1978 Archived from the original on April 9 2014 Retrieved April 18 2014 J Pomante II Michael Li Quan December 15 2020 Cost of Voting in the American States 2020 Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy 19 4 503 509 doi 10 1089 elj 2020 0666 S2CID 225139517 Archived from the original on October 25 2021 Retrieved January 14 2022 District Courts North Dakota Supreme Court Archived from the original on October 20 2010 Retrieved October 6 2007 All District Judges North Dakota Supreme Court Archived from the original on September 18 2010 Retrieved October 6 2007 North Dakota Judicial System North Dakota Supreme Court Archived from the original on April 20 2010 Retrieved October 6 2007 VandeWalle Gerald September 8 2013 North Dakota Destinctives PDF Albany Law Review 76 4 2023 Archived PDF from the original on May 16 2021 Retrieved September 6 2021 Elections Performance Index MIT Archived from the original on September 7 2021 Retrieved September 6 2021 2017 Tax Tables for Form ND 1 PDF Office of State Tax Commissioner North Dakota Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2021 Retrieved July 26 2018 States Ranked by Total State Taxes and Per Capita Amount 2005 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on April 9 2007 Retrieved October 4 2007 Sales and Use Office of State Tax Commissioner Tax Department North Dakota Archived from the original on June 22 2007 Retrieved October 4 2007 Grand Forks Economy Major Industries and Commercial Activity City Data com Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved October 4 2007 Property Office of State Tax Commissioner Tax Department North Dakota Archived from the original on June 22 2007 Retrieved October 4 2007 a b Tax Research Areas gt North Dakota The Tax Foundation Archived from the original on November 3 2011 Retrieved December 14 2011 IRS Tax Stats at a Glance Archived August 9 2012 at the Wayback MachineBibliography EditSee also Bibliography of North Dakota history Arends Shirley Fischer The Central Dakota Germans Their History Language and Culture 1989 289 pp Berg Francie M ed Ethnic Heritage in North Dakota 1983 174 pp Blackorby Edward C Prairie Rebel The Public Life of William Lemke 1963 a radical leader in 1930s online edition Collins Michael L That Damned Cowboy Theodore Roosevelt and the American West 1883 1898 1989 Cooper Jerry and Smith Glen Citizens as Soldiers A History of the North Dakota National Guard 1986 447 pp Crawford Lewis F History of North Dakota 3 vol 1931 excellent history in vol 1 biographies in vol 2 3 Danbom David B Our Purpose Is to Serve The First Century of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 1990 237 pp Eisenberg C G History of the First Dakota District of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa and the Other States 1982 268 pp Ginsburg Faye D Contested Lives The Abortion Debate in an American Community 1989 315 pp the issue in Fargo Hargreaves Mary W M Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains Years of Readjustment 1920 1990 1993 386 pp Howard Thomas W ed The North Dakota Political Tradition 1981 220 pp Hudson John C Plains Country Towns 1985 189 pp geographer studies small towns Junker Rozanne Enerson The Bank of North Dakota An Experiment in State Ownership 1989 185 pp Lamar Howard R Dakota Territory 1861 1889 A Study of Frontier Politics 1956 Lounsberry Clement A Early history of North Dakota 1919 excellent history by an editor of Bismarck Tribune 645pp online edition Lysengen Janet Daley and Rathke Ann M eds The Centennial Anthology of North Dakota History Journal of the Northern Plains 1996 526 pp articles from state history journal covering all major topics in the state s history Morlan Robert L Political Prairie Fire The Nonpartisan League 1915 1922 1955 414 pp NPL comes to power briefly Peirce Neal R The Great Plains States of America People Politics and Power in the Nine Great Plains States 1973 excerpt and text ssearch chapter on North Dakota Robinson Elwyn B D Jerome Tweton and David B Danbom History of North Dakota 2nd ed 1995 standard history by leading scholars extensive bibliography Robinson Elwyn B History of North Dakota 1966 First edition online Schneider Mary Jane North Dakota Indians An Introduction 1986 276 pp Sherman William C and Thorson Playford V eds Plains Folk North Dakota s Ethnic History 1988 419 pp Sherman William C Prairie Mosaic An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota 1983 152 pp Smith Glen H Langer of North Dakota A Study in Isolationism 1940 1959 1979 238 pp biography of influential conservative Senator Snortland J Signe ed A Traveler s Companion to North Dakota State Historic Sites 1996 155 pp Stock Catherine McNicol Main Street in Crisis The Great Depression and the Old Middle Class on the Northern Plains 1992 305pp online edition Tauxe Caroline S Farms Mines and Main Streets Uneven Development in a Dakota County 1993 276 pp coal and grain in Mercer County Tweton D Jerome and Jelliff Theodore B North Dakota The Heritage of a People 1976 242 pp textbook history Wilkins Robert P and Wilkins Wynona Hachette North Dakota A Bicentennial History 1977 218 pp popular history Wishart David J ed Encyclopedia of the Great Plains University of Nebraska Press 2004 ISBN 0 8032 4787 7 complete text online 900 pages of scholarly articles Young Carrie Prairie Cooks Glorified Rice Three Day Buns and Other Reminiscences 1993 136 pp Primary sources Edit Benson Bjorn Hampsten Elizabeth and Sweney Kathryn eds Day In Day Out Women s Lives in North Dakota 1988 326 pp Maximilian Prince of Wied Travels in the Interior of North America in the rears 1832 to 1834 Vols XXII XXIV of Early Western Travels 1748 1846 ed by Reuben Gold Thwaites 1905 1906 Maximilian spent the winter of 1833 1834 at Fort Clark the University of North Dakota Bureau of Governmental Affairs ed A Compilation of North Dakota Political Party Platforms 1884 1978 1979 388 pp WPA North Dakota A Guide to the Northern Prairie State 2nd ed 1950 the classic guide online editionExternal links EditNorth Dakota at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Official website USGS real time geographic and other scientific resources of North Dakota North Dakota State Guide from the Library of Congress U S Census Bureau facts of North Dakota North Dakota State Facts USDA NETSTATE Geography North Dakota at Curlie Geographic data related to North Dakota at OpenStreetMapPreceded byColorado List of U S states by date of admission to the UnionAdmitted on November 2 1889 39th Succeeded bySouth Dakota Coordinates 47 N 100 W 47 N 100 W 47 100 State of North Dakota Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title North Dakota amp oldid 1131203692, 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