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Dr. Dre

February 07, 2023

"Andre Young" redirects here. For other uses, see Andre Young (disambiguation).
This article is about the rapper. For the New York State radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dré.

Andre Romell Young (born February 18, 1965), known professionally as Dr. Dre, is an American rapper and record producer. He is the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics, and previously co-founded, co-owned, and was the president of Death Row Records. Dr. Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru in 1985 and later found fame with the gangsta rap group N.W.A. The group popularized explicit lyrics in hip hop to detail the violence of street life. During the early 1990s, Dre was credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of West Coast G-funk, a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a synthesizer foundation and slow, heavy beats.

Dr. Dre
Dr. Dre in 2013
Born
Andre Romell Young

(1965-02-18) February 18, 1965 (age 57)
Compton, California, U.S.
Other names
  • Brickhard
  • The Mechanic
EducationJohn C. Fremont High School
Occupations
  • Rapper
  • record producer
  • actor
  • entrepreneur
  • record executive
Years active1985–present
Spouse
Nicole Plotzker
​
​
(m. 1996; div. 2021)​
Children8
RelativesSir Jinx (cousin)
Warren G (step-brother)
Olaijah Griffin (step-nephew)
AwardsFull list
Musical career
Genres
Labels
Formerly of
Websitewww.drdre.com

Dre's solo debut studio album The Chronic (1992), released under Death Row Records, made him one of the best-selling American music artists of 1993. It earned him a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for the single "Let Me Ride", as well as several accolades for the single "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang". That year, he produced Death Row labelmate Snoop Doggy Dogg's debut album Doggystyle and mentored producers such as his stepbrother Warren G (leading to the multi-platinum debut Regulate...G Funk Era in 1994) and Snoop Dogg's cousin Daz Dillinger (leading to the double-platinum debut Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound in 1995), as well as mentor to upcoming producers Sam Sneed and Mel-Man. In 1996, Dr. Dre left Death Row Records to establish his own label, Aftermath Entertainment. He produced a compilation album, Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath, in 1996, and released a solo album, 2001, in 1999.

During the 2000s, Dre focused on producing other artists, occasionally contributing vocals. He signed Eminem in 1998 and 50 Cent in 2002, and co-produced their albums. He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many other rappers, including the D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, the Game, Kendrick Lamar, and Anderson .Paak. Dre has also had acting roles in movies such as Set It Off, The Wash, and Training Day. He has won seven Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. Rolling Stone ranked him number 56 on the list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was the second-richest figure in hip hop as of 2018 with an estimated net worth of $800 million.

Accusations of Dre's violence against women have been widely publicized. Following his assault of television host Dee Barnes, he was fined $2,500, given two years' probation, ordered to perform 240 hours of community service, and given a spot on an anti-violence public service announcement. A civil suit was settled out of court. In 2015, Michel'le, the mother of one of his children, accused him of domestic violence during their time together as a couple. Their abusive relationship is portrayed in her 2016 biopic Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le. Lisa Johnson, the mother of three of Dr. Dre's children, stated that he beat her many times, including while she was pregnant. She was granted a restraining order against him. Former labelmate Tairrie B claimed that Dre assaulted her at a party in 1990, in response to her track "Ruthless Bitch". Two weeks following the release of his third album, Compton in August 2015, he issued an apology to the women "I've hurt".[1]

Early life

Dre was born Andre Romelle Young[2] in Compton, California, on February 18, 1965,[3] the son of Theodore and Verna Young. His middle name is derived from the Romells, his father's amateur R&B group. His parents married in 1964, separated in 1968, and divorced in 1972. His mother later remarried to Curtis Crayon and had three children: sons Jerome and Tyree (both deceased) and daughter Shameka.[4]

In 1976, Dre began attending Vanguard Junior High School in Compton, but due to gang violence, he transferred to the safer suburban Roosevelt Junior High School.[5] The family moved often and lived in apartments and houses in Compton, Carson, Long Beach, and the Watts and South Central neighborhoods of Los Angeles.[6] Dre has said that he was mostly raised by his grandmother in the New Wilmington Arms housing project in Compton.[7] His mother later married Warren Griffin,[8] which added three step-sisters and one step-brother to the family; the latter would eventually begin rapping under the name Warren G.[9] Dre is also the cousin of producer Sir Jinx. Dre attended Centennial High School in Compton during his freshman year in 1979, but transferred to Fremont High School in South Central Los Angeles due to poor grades. He attempted to enroll in an apprenticeship program at Northrop Aviation Company, but poor grades at school made him ineligible. Thereafter, he focused on his social life and entertainment for the remainder of his high school years.[10]

Dre's frequent absences from school jeopardized his position as a diver on his school's swim team. After high school, he attended Chester Adult School in Compton following his mother's demands for him to get a job or continue his education. After brief attendance at a radio broadcasting school, he relocated to the residence of his father and residence of his grandparents before returning to his mother's house.[11]

Musical career

1985–1986: World Class Wreckin' Cru

Inspired by the Grandmaster Flash song "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel", Dr. Dre often attended a club called Eve's After Dark to watch many DJs and rappers performing live. He subsequently became a DJ in the club, initially under the name "Dr. J", based on the nickname of Julius Erving, his favorite basketball player. At the club, he met aspiring rapper Antoine Carraby, later to become member DJ Yella of N.W.A.[12] Soon afterwards he adopted the moniker Dr. Dre, a mix of previous alias Dr. J and his first name, referring to himself as the "Master of Mixology".[13]

Eve After Dark had a back room with a small four-track studio. In this studio, Dre and Yella recorded several demos. In their first recording session, they recorded a song entitled "Surgery".[14][15] Dr. Dre's earliest recordings were released in 1994 on a compilation titled Concrete Roots. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine of allmusic described the compiled music, released "several years before Dre developed a distinctive style", as "surprisingly generic and unengaging" and "for dedicated fans only".[16]

Dre later joined the musical group World Class Wreckin' Cru, which released its debut album under the Kru-Cut label in 1985.[17] The group would become stars of the electro-hop scene that dominated early-mid 1980s West Coast hip hop. "Surgery", which was officially released after being recorded prior to the group's official formation, would prominently feature Dr. Dre on the turntable. The record would become the group's first hit, selling 50,000 copies within the Compton area.[18] Dr. Dre and DJ Yella also performed mixes for local radio station KDAY, boosting ratings for its afternoon rush-hour show The Traffic Jam.[19]

1986–1991: N.W.A and Ruthless Records

 
"Fuck Tha Police"
from Straight Outta Compton
Problems playing this file? See media help.
 
Poster for one of N.W.A's first concerts at a Compton skating rink, 1988

In 1986, Dr. Dre met rapper O'Shea Jackson—known as Ice Cube—who collaborated with him to record songs for Ruthless Records, a hip hop record label run by local rapper Eazy-E. N.W.A and fellow West Coast rapper Ice-T are widely credited as seminal artists of the gangsta rap genre, a profanity-heavy subgenre of hip hop, replete with gritty depictions of urban crime and gang lifestyle. Not feeling constricted to racially charged political issues pioneered by rap artists such as Public Enemy or Boogie Down Productions, N.W.A favored themes and uncompromising lyrics, offering stark descriptions of violent, inner-city streets. Propelled by the hit "Fuck tha Police", the group's first full album Straight Outta Compton became a major success, despite an almost complete absence of radio airplay or major concert tours. The Federal Bureau of Investigation sent Ruthless Records a warning letter in response to the song's content.[20]

After Ice Cube left N.W.A in 1989 over financial disputes, Dr. Dre produced and performed for much of the group's second album Efil4zaggin. He also produced tracks for a number of other acts on Ruthless Records, including Eazy-E's 1988 solo debut Eazy-Duz-It, Above the Law's 1990 debut Livin' Like Hustlers, Michel'le's 1989 self-titled debut, the D.O.C.'s 1989 debut No One Can Do It Better, J.J. Fad's 1988 debut Supersonic and funk rock musician Jimmy Z's 1991 album Muzical Madness.[21][22]

1991–1996: The Chronic and Death Row Records

 
"Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang"
from The Chronic
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After a dispute with Eazy-E, Dre left the group at the peak of its popularity in 1991 under the advice of friend, and N.W.A lyricist, the D.O.C. and his bodyguard at the time, Suge Knight. Knight, a notorious strongman and intimidator, was able to have Eazy-E release Young from his contract and, using Dr. Dre as his flagship artist, founded Death Row Records. In 1992, Young released his first single, the title track to the film Deep Cover, a collaboration with rapper Snoop Dogg, whom he met through Warren G.[20] Dr. Dre's debut solo album was The Chronic, released under Death Row Records with Suge Knight as executive producer. Young ushered in a new style of rap, both in terms of musical style and lyrical content, including introducing a number of artists to the industry including Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Daz Dillinger, RBX, the Lady of Rage, Nate Dogg and Jewell.[23]

 
Logo used by Chronic-era Dr. Dre

On the strength of singles such as "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", "Let Me Ride", and "Fuck wit Dre Day (and Everybody's Celebratin')" (known as "Dre Day" for radio and television play), all of which featured Snoop Dogg as guest vocalist, The Chronic became a cultural phenomenon, its G-funk sound dominating much of hip hop music for the early 1990s.[20] In 1993, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album triple platinum,[24] and Dr. Dre also won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for his performance on "Let Me Ride".[25] For that year, Billboard magazine also ranked Dr. Dre as the eighth best-selling musical artist, The Chronic as the sixth best-selling album, and "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" as the 11th best-selling single.[26]

 
"California Love" earned Dr. Dre his first number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 and two Grammy nominations.

Besides working on his own material, Dr. Dre produced Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle, which became the first debut album for an artist to enter the Billboard 200 album charts at number one.[27] In 1994 Dr. Dre produced some songs on the soundtracks to the films Above the Rim and Murder Was the Case. He collaborated with fellow N.W.A member Ice Cube for the song "Natural Born Killaz" in 1995.[20] For the film Friday, Dre recorded "Keep Their Heads Ringin'", which reached number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 on the Hot Rap Singles (now Hot Rap Tracks) charts.[28]

In 1995, Death Row Records signed rapper 2Pac, and began to position him as their major star: he collaborated with Dr. Dre on the commercially successful single "California Love", which became both artists' first song to top the Billboard Hot 100.[20][29] However, in March 1996 Young left the label amidst a contract dispute and growing concerns that label boss Suge Knight was corrupt, financially dishonest and out of control. Later that year, he formed his own label, Aftermath Entertainment, under the distribution label for Death Row Records, Interscope Records.[20] Subsequently, Death Row Records suffered poor sales by 1997, especially following the death of 2Pac and the racketeering charges brought against Knight.[30]

Dr. Dre also appeared on the single "No Diggity" by R&B group Blackstreet in 1996: it too was a sales success, topping the Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, and later won the award for Best R&B Vocal by a Duo or Group at the 1997 Grammy Awards.[31] After hearing it for the first time, several of Dr. Dre's former Death Row colleagues, including 2Pac, recorded and attempted to release a song titled "Toss It Up", containing numerous insults aimed at Dr. Dre and using a deliberately similar instrumental to "No Diggity", but were forced to replace the production after Blackstreet issued the label with a cease and desist order stopping them from distributing the song.[32]

1996–2000: Move to Aftermath Entertainment and 2001

 
Logo used by 2001-era Dr. Dre

The Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath album, released on November 26, 1996, featured songs by Dr. Dre himself, as well as by newly signed Aftermath Entertainment artists, and a solo track "Been There, Done That", intended as a symbolic farewell to gangsta rap.[33] Despite being classified platinum by the RIAA,[24] the album was not very popular among music fans.[20] In October 1996, Dre performed "Been There, Done That" on Saturday Night Live.[34] In 1997, Dr. Dre produced several tracks on the Firm's The Album; it was met with largely negative reviews from critics. Rumors began to abound that Aftermath was facing financial difficulties.[35] Aftermath Entertainment also faced a trademark infringement lawsuit by the underground thrash metal band Aftermath.[36]

First Round Knock Out, a compilation of various tracks produced and performed by Dr. Dre, was also released in 1996, with material ranging from World Class Wreckin' Cru to N.W.A to Death Row recordings.[37] Dr. Dre chose to take no part in the ongoing East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry of the time, instead producing for, and appearing on, several New York artists' releases, such as Nas' "Nas Is Coming", LL Cool J's "Zoom" and Jay-Z's "Watch Me".

The turning point for Aftermath came in 1998, when Dre's close friend, Jimmy Iovine, the co-founder of Interscope Records (parent label for Aftermath), suggested that Dr. Dre sign Eminem, a white rapper from Detroit. Dre produced three songs and provided vocals for two on Eminem's successful and controversial debut album The Slim Shady LP, released in 1999.[38] The Dr. Dre-produced lead single from that album, "My Name Is", brought Eminem to public attention for the first time, and the success of The Slim Shady LP – it reached number two on the Billboard 200 and received general acclaim from critics – revived the label's commercial ambitions and viability.[38][39][40]

 
"Still D.R.E."
from 2001
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Ticket for Dr. Dre's Up in Smoke Tour in Albany, New York, July 2000

Dr. Dre's second solo album, 2001, released on November 16, 1999, was considered an ostentatious return to his gangsta rap roots.[41] It was initially titled The Chronic 2000 to imply being a sequel to his debut solo effort The Chronic but was re-titled 2001 after Death Row Records released an unrelated compilation album with the title Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000 in May 1999. Other tentative titles included The Chronic 2001 and Dr. Dre.[42]

The album featured numerous collaborators, including Devin the Dude, Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Xzibit, Nate Dogg, Eminem, Knoc-turn'al, King T, Defari, Kokane, Mary J. Blige and new protégé Hittman, as well as co-production between Dre and new Aftermath producer Mel-Man. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of the website AllMusic described the sound of the album as "adding ominous strings, soulful vocals, and reggae" to Dr. Dre's style.[41] The album was highly successful, charting at number two on the Billboard 200 charts[43] and has since been certified six times platinum,[24] validating a recurring theme on the album: Dr. Dre was still a force to be reckoned with, despite the lack of major releases in the previous few years. The album included popular hit singles "Still D.R.E." and "Forgot About Dre", both of which Dr. Dre performed on NBC's Saturday Night Live on October 23, 1999.[44] Dr. Dre won the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical in 2000,[20] and joined the Up in Smoke Tour with fellow rappers Eminem, Snoop Dogg, and Ice Cube that year as well.[45]

During the course of 2001's popularity, Dr. Dre was involved in several lawsuits. Lucasfilm Ltd., the film company behind the Star Wars film franchise, sued him over the use of the THX-trademarked "Deep Note".[46] The Fatback Band also sued Dr. Dre over alleged infringement regarding its song "Backstrokin'" in his song "Let's Get High" from the 2001 album; Dr. Dre was ordered to pay $1.5 million to the band in 2003.[47] French jazz musician Jacques Loussier sued Aftermath for $10 million in March 2002, claiming that the Dr. Dre-produced Eminem track "Kill You" plagiarized his composition "Pulsion".[48][49] The online music file-sharing company Napster also settled a lawsuit with him and metal band Metallica in mid-2001, agreeing to block access to certain files that artists do not want to have shared on the network.[50]

2000–2010: Focus on production and Detox

 
Dr. Dre in 2008

Following the success of 2001, Dr. Dre focused on producing songs and albums for other artists. He co-produced six tracks on Eminem's landmark Marshall Mathers LP, including the Grammy-winning lead single, "The Real Slim Shady". The album itself earned a Grammy and proved to be the fastest-selling rap album of all time, moving 1.76 million units in its first week alone.[51] He produced the single "Family Affair" by R&B singer Mary J. Blige for her album No More Drama in 2001.[52] He also produced "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", a duet by rapper Eve and No Doubt lead singer Gwen Stefani[53] and signed R&B singer Truth Hurts to Aftermath in 2001.[54]

Dr. Dre produced and rapped on singer and Interscope labelmate Bilal's 2001 single "Fast Lane", which barely missed the Top 40 of the R&B charts.[55] He later assisted in the production of Bilal's second album, Love for Sale,[56] which Interscope controversially shelved because of its creative direction.[57] Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's 2002 release, The Eminem Show. He produced three songs on the album, one of which was released as a single, and he appeared in the award-winning video for "Without Me". He also produced the D.O.C.'s 2003 album Deuce, where he made a guest appearance on the tracks "Psychic Pymp Hotline", "Gorilla Pympin'" and "Judgment Day".

Another copyright-related lawsuit hit Dr. Dre in the fall of 2002, when Sa Re Ga Ma, a film and music company based in Calcutta, India, sued Aftermath Entertainment over an uncredited sample of the Lata Mangeshkar song "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" on the Aftermath-produced song "Addictive" by singer Truth Hurts. In February 2003, a judge ruled that Aftermath would have to halt sales of Truth Hurts' album Truthfully Speaking if the company would not credit Mangeshkar.[58]

In 2002, Dr. Dre signed rapper 50 Cent to Aftermath in a joint venture between Interscope and Eminem's Shady Records. Dr. Dre served as executive producer for 50 Cent's commercially successful February 2003 debut studio album Get Rich or Die Tryin'. Dr. Dre produced or co-produced four tracks on the album, including the hit single "In da Club".[59] Eminem's fourth album since joining Aftermath, Encore, again saw Dre taking on the role of executive producer, and this time he was more actively involved in the music, producing or co-producing a total of eight tracks, including three singles.

In November 2004, at the Vibe magazine awards show in Los Angeles, Dr. Dre was attacked by a fan named Jimmy James Johnson, who was supposedly asking for an autograph. In the resulting scuffle, then-G-Unit rapper Young Buck stabbed the man.[60] Johnson claimed that Suge Knight, president of Death Row Records, paid him $5,000 to assault Dre in order to humiliate him before he received his Lifetime Achievement Award.[61] Knight immediately went on CBS's The Late Late Show to deny involvement and insisted that he supported Dr. Dre and wanted Johnson charged.[62] In September 2005, Johnson was sentenced to a year in prison and ordered to stay away from Dr. Dre until 2008.[63]

Dr. Dre also produced "How We Do", a 2005 hit single from rapper the Game from his album The Documentary,[64] as well as tracks on 50 Cent's successful second album The Massacre. For an issue of Rolling Stone magazine in April 2005, Dr. Dre was ranked 54th out of 100 artists for Rolling Stone magazine's list "The Immortals: The Greatest Artists of All Time". Kanye West wrote the summary for Dr. Dre, where he stated Dr. Dre's song "Xxplosive" as where he "got (his) whole sound from".[65]

In November 2006, Dr. Dre began working with Raekwon on his album Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II.[66] He also produced tracks for the rap albums Buck the World by Young Buck,[67] Curtis by 50 Cent,[68] Tha Blue Carpet Treatment by Snoop Dogg,[69] and Kingdom Come by Jay-Z.[70] Dre also appeared on Timbaland's track "Bounce", from his 2007 solo album, Timbaland Presents Shock Value alongside, Missy Elliott, and Justin Timberlake.[71] During this period, the D.O.C. stated that Dre had been working with him on his fourth album Voices through Hot Vessels, which he planned to release after Detox arrived.[72][73]

Planned but unreleased albums during Dr. Dre's tenure at Aftermath have included a full-length reunion with Snoop Dogg titled Breakup to Makeup, an album with fellow former N.W.A member Ice Cube which was to be titled Heltah Skeltah,[21] an N.W.A reunion album,[21] and a joint album with fellow producer Timbaland titled Chairmen of the Board.[74]

In 2007, Dr. Dre's third studio album, formerly known as Detox, was slated to be his final studio album.[75] Work for the upcoming album dates back to 2001,[76] where its first version was called "the most advanced rap album ever", by producer Scott Storch.[77] Later that same year, he decided to stop working on the album to focus on producing for other artists, but then changed his mind; the album had initially been set for a fall 2005 release.[78] Producers confirmed to work on the album include DJ Khalil, Nottz, Bernard "Focus" Edwards Jr.,[79] Hi-Tek,[80] J.R. Rotem,[81] RZA,[82] and Jay-Z.[83] Snoop Dogg claimed that Detox was finished, according to a June 2008 report by Rolling Stone magazine.[84]

After another delay based on producing other artists' work, Detox was then scheduled for a 2010 release, coming after 50 Cent's Before I Self Destruct and Eminem's Relapse, an album for which Dr. Dre handled the bulk of production duties.[85][86] In a Dr Pepper commercial that debuted on May 28, 2009, he premiered the first official snippet of Detox.[87][88] 50 Cent and Eminem asserted in a 2009 interview on BET's 106 & Park that Dr. Dre had around a dozen songs finished for Detox.[89]

On December 15, 2008, Dre appeared in the remix of the song "Set It Off" by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall (also with Pusha T); the remix debuted on DJ Skee's radio show.[90] At the beginning of 2009, Dre produced, and made a guest vocal performance on, the single "Crack a Bottle" by Eminem and the single sold a record 418,000 downloads in its first week[91] and reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart on the week of February 12, 2009.[92] Along with this single, in 2009 Dr. Dre produced or co-produced 19 of 20 tracks on Eminem's album Relapse. These included other hit singles "We Made You", "Old Time's Sake", and "3 a.m." (The only track Dre did not produce was the Eminem-produced single "Beautiful".).

On April 20, 2010, "Under Pressure", featuring Jay-Z and co-produced with Scott Storch, was confirmed by Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre during an interview at Fenway Park as the album's first single.[93][94] The song leaked prior to its intended release in an unmixed, unmastered form without a chorus on June 16, 2010;[95] however, critical reaction to the song was lukewarm, and Dr. Dre later announced in an interview that the song, along with any other previously leaked tracks from Detox's recording process, would not appear on the final version of the album.[96]

Two genuine singles – "Kush", a collaboration with Snoop Dogg and fellow rapper Akon, and "I Need a Doctor" with Eminem and singer Skylar Grey – were released in the United States during November 2010 and February 2011 respectively:[97][98] the latter achieved international chart success, reaching number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and later being certified double platinum by the RIAA and the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).[24][99] On June 25, 2010, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers honored Dr. Dre with its Founders Award for inspiring other musicians.[100][101]

2010–2020: The Planets, hiatus, Coachella, and Compton

In an August 2010 interview, Dr. Dre stated that an instrumental album, The Planets, was in its first stages of production; each song being named after a planet in the Solar System.[102] On September 3, Dr. Dre showed support to longtime protégé Eminem, and appeared on his and Jay-Z's Home & Home Tour, performing hit songs such as "Still D.R.E.", "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", and "Crack a Bottle", alongside Eminem and another protégé, 50 Cent. Sporting an "R.I.P. Proof" shirt, Dre was honored by Eminem telling Detroit's Comerica Park to do the same. They did so, by chanting "DEEE-TOX", to which he replied, "I'm coming!"[103]

On November 14, 2011, Dre announced that he would be taking a break from music after he finished producing for artists Slim the Mobster and Kendrick Lamar. In this break, he stated that he would "work on bringing his Beats By Dre to a standard as high as Apple" and would also spend time with his family.[104] On January 9, 2012, Dre headlined the final nights of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2012.[105]

In June 2014, Marsha Ambrosius stated that she had been working on Detox, but added that the album would be known under another title .[106] In September 2014, Aftermath in-house producer Dawaun Parker confirmed the title change and stated that over 300 beats had been created for the album over the years, but few of them have had vocals recorded over them.[107]

The length of time that Detox had been recorded for, as well as the limited amount of material that had been officially released or leaked from the recording sessions, had given it considerable notoriety within the music industry.[108] Numerous release dates (including the ones mentioned above) had been given for the album over the years since it was first announced, although none of them transpired to be genuine.[109][110] Several musicians closely affiliated with Dr. Dre, including Snoop Dogg, fellow rappers 50 Cent, the Game and producer DJ Quik, had speculated in interviews that the album will never be released, due to Dr. Dre's business and entrepreneurial ventures having interfered with recording work, as well as causing him to lose motivation to record new material.[109][110][111][112]

On August 1, 2015, Dre announced that he would release what would be his final album, titled Compton. It is inspired by the N.W.A biopic, Straight Outta Compton, and is a compilation-style album, featuring a number of frequent collaborators, including Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar, Xzibit and the Game, among others. It was initially released on Apple Music on August 7, with a retail version releasing on August 21.[113][114] In an interview with Rolling Stone, he revealed that he had about 20 to 40 tracks for Detox but he did not release it because it did not meet his standards. Dre also revealed that he suffers from social anxiety and due to this, remains secluded and out of attention.[115]

On February 12, 2016, it was revealed that Apple would create its first original scripted television series for its then-upcoming Apple TV+ streaming service.[116] Titled Vital Signs, it was set to reflect Dre's life.[116] He was also an executive producer on the show[117] before the show's cancellation sometime in September 2018, due to an overly graphic concept of drugs, gun violence and sex.[118] In October 2016, Sean Combs brought out Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg and others on his Bad Boy reunion tour.[119]

In 2018, he produced four songs on Oxnard by Anderson .Paak. He was the executive producer on the album, as so its follow-up, 2019's Ventura.

2020–present: Return to production and Super Bowl halftime show

Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's 2020 release, Music To Be Murdered By. He produced four songs on the album. He also produced two songs on the deluxe edition of the album, Side B, and appeared on the song, "Gunz Blazing". On September 30, 2021, it was revealed that Dre would perform at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Mary J. Blige, and Kendrick Lamar. In December 2021, an update for the video game, Grand Theft Auto Online, predominantly featured Dre and added some of his previously unreleased tracks which was released as an EP, The Contract, on February 3, 2022.[120][121] Around this time, Dre announced he was collaborating with Marsha Ambrosius on Casablanco, and with Mary J. Blige on an upcoming album.[122][123] Later that year, Snoop Dogg announced that him and Dr. Dre are in the process of recording their new album, Missionary. Snoop said the album will be released via Death Row and Aftermath.[124][125]

On February 13, 2022, Dr. Dre performed at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar, and Mary J. Blige,[126] with surprise appearances from 50 Cent and Anderson. Paak.[127] The performance was met with critical acclaim and is the first Super Bowl halftime show to win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live).[128] The show also won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Production Design for a Variety Special and Outstanding Music Direction.[129][130] The same year, he produced numerous songs including "The King and I", a collaboration between Eminem and CeeLo Green for the 2022 biopic, Elvis, and a remix of Kanye West's song "Use This Gospel" for DJ Khaled's album God Did.[131][132]

In September 2022, it was reported that Dr. Dre will compose the original score for the upcoming animated series, Death for Hire: The Origin of Tehk City. The show is created by Ice-T and Arabian Prince; based on the graphic novel of the same title, it features the voice talent of Ice-T, his wife Coco Austin, Snoop Dogg, Busta Rhymes, and Treach among others.[133]

Other ventures

Film appearances

Dr. Dre made his first on screen appearance as a weapons dealer in the 1996 bank robbery movie Set It Off.[134] In 2001, Dr. Dre also appeared in the movies The Wash and Training Day.[76] A song of his, "Bad Intentions" (featuring Knoc-Turn'Al and produced by Mahogany), was featured on The Wash soundtrack.[135] Dr. Dre also appeared on two other songs "On the Blvd." and "The Wash" along with his co-star Snoop Dogg.

Crucial Films

Crucial Films
 
IndustryFilm production company
Founded2007
FounderDr. Dre
FateInactive
OwnerNew Line Cinema
Websitecrucialfilms.com

In February 2007, it was announced that Dr. Dre would produce dark comedies and horror films for New Line Cinema-owned company Crucial Films, along with longtime video director Phillip Atwell. Dr. Dre announced "This is a natural switch for me, since I've directed a lot of music videos, and I eventually want to get into directing."[136] Along with fellow member Ice Cube, Dr. Dre produced Straight Outta Compton (2015), a biographical film about N.W.A.[137]

Entrepreneurship

Beats Electronics

 
Beats by Dr. Dre logo

In 2006, Dre co-founded Beats Electronics with his partner, Jimmy Iovine.[138] Its first brand of headphones were launched in July 2008. The line consisted of Beats Studio, a circumaural headphone; Beats Tour, an in-ear headphone; Beats Solo & Solo HD, a supra-aural headphone; Beats Spin; Heartbeats by Lady Gaga, also an in-ear headphone; and Diddy Beats.[139] In late 2009, Hewlett-Packard participated in a deal to bundle Beats By Dr. Dre with some HP laptops and headsets.[140] HP and Dr. Dre announced the deal on October 9, 2009, at a press event. An exclusive laptop, known as the HP ENVY 15 Beats limited edition, was released for sale October 22. In January 2014, Beats Music was introduced and launched as a streaming service.[141] Then, in May, technology giant Apple purchased the Beats brand for $3.4 billion.[142] The deal made Dr. Dre the "richest man in hip hop".[143] Dr. Dre became an Apple employee in an executive role,[144][145] and worked with Apple for years.[146] As of 2022, it was found that Apple had subtracted $200 million from the deal after entertainer Tyrese Gibson revealed the news of the acquisition on social media a month before it was completed without the company's permission.[147]

Philanthropy

During May 2013, Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine donated a $70 million endowment to the University of Southern California to create the USC Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young Academy for Arts, Technology and the Business of Innovation. The goal of the academy has been stated as "to shape the future by nurturing the talents, passions, leadership and risk-taking of uniquely qualified students who are motivated to explore and create new art forms, technologies, and business models." The first class of the academy began in September 2014.[148]

In June 2017, it was announced that Dr. Dre has committed $10 million to the construction of a performing arts center for the new Compton High School. The center will encompass creative resources and a 1,200-seat theater, and is expected to break ground in 2020. The project is a partnership between Dr. Dre and the Compton Unified School District.[149]

Commercial endorsements

In 2002 and 2003, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials for Coors Light beer.[150]

Beginning in 2009, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials that also featured his Beats Electronics product line. A 2009 commercial for the Dr Pepper soft drink had Dr. Dre DJing with Beats headphones and playing a brief snippet off the never-released Detox album.[87][88] In 2010, Dr. Dre had a cameo in a commercial for HP laptops that featured a plug for Beats Audio.[150] Then in 2011, the Chrysler 300S "Imported from Detroit" ad campaign had a commercial narrated by Dr. Dre and including a plug for Beats Audio.[151]

Dr. Dre started Burning Man rumors

An urban legend surfaced in 2011 when a Tumblr blog titled Dr. Dre Started Burning Man[152][153] began promulgating the notion that the producer, rapper and entrepreneur had discovered Burning Man in 1995 during a music video shoot and offered to cover the cost of the event's permit from the Nevada Bureau of Land Management under an agreement with the festival's organizers that he could institute an entrance fee system, which had not existed before his participation.[154][155] This claim was supported by an alleged letter from Dre to Nicole Threatt Young that indicated that Dre had shared his experience witnessing the Burning Man festival with her.[156][157]

Business Insider mentions the portion of the letter where Dr. Dre purportedly states "someone should get behind this ... and make some money off these fools" and compares Dr. Dre's potential entrepreneurial engagement with Burning Man as a parallel to Steve Jobs' efforts to centralize and profit from the otherwise unorganized online music industry.[158] According to Salon, Dr. Dre's ethos seems to be aligned with seven of the ten principles of the Burning Man community: "radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, civic responsibility, leaving no trace, participation and immediacy."[154]

Musical influences and style

The space, about the size of a college dorm room, is splattered with papers, ideas scribbled down in black ink. Nuthin' but G thangs waiting to happen. Those that don't happen end up in a round, purple L.A. Lakers trash can. A kitchen, red and stainless steel like a '50s diner, adjoins the control room

— Corey Moss of MTV News, in a 2002 profile of Dr. Dre with a visit to his studio[159]

Production style

 
Dre in 2011

Dre is noted for his evolving production style, while always keeping in touch with his early musical sound and re-shaping elements from previous work. At the beginning of his career as a producer for the World Class Wreckin Cru with DJ Alonzo Williams in the mid-1980s, his music was in the electro-hop style pioneered by the Unknown DJ, and that of early hip-hop groups like the Beastie Boys and Whodini.

From Straight Outta Compton on, Dre uses live musicians to replay old melodies rather than sampling them. With Ruthless Records, collaborators included guitarist Mike "Crazy Neck" Sims, multi-instrumentalist Colin Wolfe, DJ Yella and sound engineer Donovan "The Dirt Biker" Sound. Dre is receptive of new ideas from other producers, one example being his fruitful collaboration with Above the Law's producer Cold 187um while at Ruthless. Cold 187 um was at the time experimenting with 1970s P-Funk samples (Parliament, Funkadelic, Bootsy Collins, George Clinton etc.), that Dre also used. Dre has since been accused of "stealing" the concept of G-funk from Cold 187 um.[160]

Upon leaving Ruthless and forming Death Row Records in 1991, Dre called on veteran West Coast DJ Chris "the Glove" Taylor and sound engineer Greg "Gregski" Royal, along with Colin Wolfe, to help him on future projects. His 1992 album The Chronic is thought to be one of the most well-produced hip-hop albums of all time.[161][162][163] Musical themes included hard-hitting synthesizer solos played by Wolfe, bass-heavy compositions, background female vocals and Dre fully embracing 1970s funk samples. Dre used a minimoog synth to replay the melody from Leon Haywood's 1972 song "I Wanna Do Somethin' Freaky to You" for the Chronic's first single "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" which became a global hit. For his new protégé Snoop Doggy Dogg's album Doggystyle, Dre collaborated with then 19-year-old producer Daz Dillinger, who received co-production credits on songs "Serial Killa" and "For all My Niggaz & Bitches", The Dramatics bass player Tony "T. Money" Green, guitarist Ricky Rouse, keyboardists Emanuel "Porkchop" Dean and Sean "Barney Rubble" Thomas and engineer Tommy Daugherty, as well as Warren G and Sam Sneed, who are credited with bringing several samples to the studio.[164]

The influence of The Chronic and Doggystyle on the popular music of the 1990s went not only far beyond the West Coast, but beyond hip-hop as a genre. Artists as diverse as Master P ("Bout It, Bout It"), George Michael ("Fastlove"), Mariah Carey ("Fantasy"), Adina Howard ("Freak Like Me"), Luis Miguel ("Dame"), and The Spice Girls ("Say You'll Be There") used G-funk instrumentation in their songs.[165][166] Bad Boy Records producer Chucky Thompson stated in the April 2004 issue of XXL magazine that the sound of Doggystyle and The Chronic was the basis for the Notorious B.I.G.'s 1995 hit single "Big Poppa":

At that time, we were listening to Snoop's album. We knew what was going on in the West through Dr. Dre. Big just knew the culture, he knew what was going on with hip-hop. It was more than just New York, it was all over.[167]

In 1994, starting with the Murder was the Case soundtrack, Dre attempted to push the boundaries of G-funk further into a darker sound. In songs such as "Murder was the Case" and "Natural Born Killaz", the synthesizer pitch is higher and the drum tempo is slowed down to 91 BPM[168] (87 BPM in the remix) to create a dark and gritty atmosphere. Percussion instruments, particularly sleigh bells, are also present. Dre's frequent collaborators from this period included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania natives Stuart "Stu-B-Doo" Bullard, a multi-instrumentalist from the Ozanam Strings Orchestra,[169] Sam Sneed, Stephen "Bud'da" Anderson,[170] and percussionist Carl "Butch" Small. This style of production has been influential far beyond the West Coast. The beat for the Houston-based group Geto Boys 1996 song "Still" follows the same drum pattern as "Natural Born Killaz" and Eazy E's "Wut Would U Do" (a diss to Dre) is similar to the original "Murder was the Case" instrumental. This style of production is usually accompanied by horror and occult-themed lyrics and imagery, being crucial to the creation of horrorcore.

By 1996, Dre was again looking to innovate his sound. He recruited keyboardist Camara Kambon to play the keys on "Been There, Done That", and through Bud'da and Sam Sneed he was introduced to fellow Pittsburgh native Melvin "Mel-Man" Bradford. At this time, he also switched from using the E-mu SP-1200 to the Akai MPC3000 drum kit and sampler, which he still uses today. Beginning with his 1996 compilation Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath, Dre's production has taken a less sample-based approach, with loud, layered snare drums dominating the mix, while synthesizers are still omnipresent. In his critically acclaimed second album, 2001, live instrumentation takes the place of sampling, a famous example being "The Next Episode", in which keyboardist Camara Kambon re-played live the main melody from David McCallum's 1967 jazz-funk work "The Edge". For every song on 2001, Dre had a keyboardist, guitarist and bassist create the basic parts of the beat, while he himself programmed the drums, did the sequencing and overdubbing and added sound effects, and later mixed the songs. During this period, Dre's signature "west coast whistle" riffs are still present albeit in a lower pitch, as in "Light Speed", "Housewife", "Some L.A. Niggaz" and Eminem's "Guilty Conscience" hook. The sound of "2001" had tremendous influence on hip-hop production, redefining the West Coast's sound and expanding the G-funk of the early 1990s. To produce the album, Dre and Mel-Man relied on the talents of Scott Storch and Camara Kambon on the keys, Mike Elizondo and Colin Wolfe on bass guitar, Sean Cruse on lead guitar and sound engineers Richard "Segal" Huredia and Mauricio "Veto" Iragorri.[171]

From the mid-2000s, Dr. Dre has taken on a more soulful production style, using more of a classical piano instead of a keyboard, and having claps replace snares, as evidenced in songs such as Snoop Dogg's "Imagine" and "Boss' Life", Busta Rhymes' "Get You Some" and "Been Through the Storm", Stat Quo's "Get Low" and "The Way It Be", Jay-Z's "Lost One", Nas' "Hustlers", and several beats on Eminem's Relapse album. Soul and R&B pianist Mark Batson, having previously worked with The Dave Matthews Band, Seal and Maroon 5 has been credited as the architect of this sound. Besides Batson, Aftermath producer and understudy of Dre's, Dawaun Parker, who has named Q-Tip and J Dilla as his primary influences, is thought to be responsible for giving Dre's newest beats an East Coast feel.[172]

Despite an occasional hint of trap about the beats and an intriguingly warped use of autotune in his Compton album song, "Darkside/Gone", his production seems to stand slightly apart from current trends in hip-hop like Eminem's song "Little Engine" with an ominous horrorcore beat — reminiscent of some of his works on Eminem's album Relapse - or the West Coast joint Lock It Up.[173][174]

Production equipment

Dr. Dre has said that his primary instrument in the studio is the Akai MPC3000, a drum machine and sampler, and that he often uses as many as four or five to produce a single recording. He cites 1970s funk musicians such as George Clinton, Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield as his primary musical influences. Unlike most rap producers, he tries to avoid samples as much as possible, preferring to have studio musicians re-play pieces of music he wants to use, because it allows him more flexibility to change the pieces in rhythm and tempo.[175] In 2001 he told Time magazine, "I may hear something I like on an old record that may inspire me, but I'd rather use musicians to re-create the sound or elaborate on it. I can control it better."[176]

Other equipment he uses includes the E-mu SP-1200 drum machine and other keyboards from such manufacturers as Korg, Rhodes, Wurlitzer, Moog, and Roland.[177] Dr. Dre also stresses the importance of equalizing drums properly, telling Scratch in 2004 that he "used the same drum sounds on a couple of different songs on one album before but you'd never be able to tell the difference because of the EQ".[175] Dr. Dre also uses the digital audio workstation Pro Tools and uses the software to combine hardware drum machines and vintage analog keyboards and synthesizers.[175][178]

After founding Aftermath Entertainment in 1996, Dr. Dre took on producer Mel-Man as a co-producer, and his music took on a more synthesizer-based sound, using fewer vocal samples (as he had used on "Lil' Ghetto Boy" and "Let Me Ride" on The Chronic, for example). Mel-Man has not shared co-production credits with Dr. Dre since approximately 2002, but fellow Aftermath producer Focus has credited Mel-Man as a key architect of the signature Aftermath sound.[179]

In 1999, Dr. Dre started working with Mike Elizondo, a bassist, guitarist, and keyboardist who has also produced, written and played on records for female singers such as Poe, Fiona Apple and Alanis Morissette,[180] In the past few years Elizondo has since worked for many of Dr. Dre's productions.[181][182] Dr. Dre also told Scratch magazine in a 2004 interview that he has been studying piano and music theory formally, and that a major goal is to accumulate enough musical theory to score movies. In the same interview he stated that he has collaborated with famed 1960s songwriter Burt Bacharach by sending him hip hop beats to play over, and hopes to have an in-person collaboration with him in the future.[175]

Work ethic

Dr. Dre has stated that he is a perfectionist and is known to pressure the artists with whom he records to give flawless performances.[175] In 2006, Snoop Dogg told the website Dubcnn.com that Dr. Dre had made new artist Bishop Lamont re-record a single bar of vocals 107 times.[183] Dr. Dre has also stated that Eminem is a fellow perfectionist, and attributes his success on Aftermath to his similar work ethic.[175] He gives a lot of input into the delivery of the vocals and will stop an MC during a take if it is not to his liking.[184] However, he gives MCs that he works with room to write lyrics without too much instruction unless it is a specifically conceptual record, as noted by Bishop Lamont in the book How to Rap.[185]

A consequence of his perfectionism is that some artists who initially sign deals with Dr. Dre's Aftermath label never release albums. In 2001, Aftermath released the soundtrack to the movie The Wash, featuring a number of Aftermath acts such as Shaunta, Daks, Joe Beast and Toi. To date, none have released full-length albums on Aftermath and have apparently ended their relationships with the label and Dr. Dre. Other noteworthy acts to leave Aftermath without releasing albums include King Tee, 2001 vocalist Hittman, Joell Ortiz, Raekwon and Rakim.[186]

Collaborators and co-producers

 
Dr. Dre performing with Snoop Dogg, 2012

Over the years, word of other collaborators who have contributed to Dr. Dre's work has surfaced. During his tenure at Death Row Records, it was alleged that Dr. Dre's stepbrother Warren G and Tha Dogg Pound member Daz made many uncredited contributions to songs on his solo album The Chronic and Snoop Doggy Dogg's album Doggystyle (Daz received production credits on Snoop's similar-sounding, albeit less successful album Tha Doggfather after Young left Death Row Records).[187]

It is known that Scott Storch, who has since gone on to become a successful producer in his own right, contributed to Dr. Dre's second album 2001; Storch is credited as a songwriter on several songs and played keyboards on several tracks. In 2006 he told Rolling Stone:

"At the time, I saw Dr. Dre desperately needed something," Storch says. "He needed a fuel injection, and Dr. Dre utilized me as the nitrous oxide. He threw me into the mix, and I sort of tapped on a new flavor with my whole piano sound and the strings and orchestration. So I'd be on the keyboards, and Mike [Elizondo] was on the bass guitar, and Dr. Dre was on the drum machine".[188]

Current collaborator Mike Elizondo, when speaking about his work with Young, describes their recording process as a collaborative effort involving several musicians. In 2004 he claimed to Songwriter Universe magazine that he had written the foundations of the hit Eminem song "The Real Slim Shady", stating, "I initially played a bass line on the song, and Dr. Dre, Tommy Coster Jr. and I built the track from there. Eminem then heard the track, and he wrote the rap to it."[182] This account is essentially confirmed by Eminem in his book Angry Blonde, stating that the tune for the song was composed by a studio bassist and keyboardist while Dr. Dre was out of the studio but Young later programmed the song's beat after returning.[189]

A group of disgruntled former associates of Dr. Dre complained that they had not received their full due for work on the label in the September 2003 issue of The Source. A producer named Neff-U claimed to have produced the songs "Say What You Say" and "My Dad's Gone Crazy" on The Eminem Show, the songs "If I Can't" and "Back Down" on 50 Cent's Get Rich or Die Tryin', and the beat featured on Dr. Dre's commercial for Coors beer.[186]

Although Young studies piano and music theory, he serves as more of a conductor than a musician himself, as Josh Tyrangiel of Time magazine has noted:

Every Dre track begins the same way, with Dre behind a drum machine in a room full of trusted musicians. (They carry beepers. When he wants to work, they work.) He'll program a beat, then ask the musicians to play along; when Dre hears something he likes, he isolates the player and tells him how to refine the sound. "My greatest talent," Dre says, "is knowing exactly what I want to hear."[176]

Although Snoop Dogg retains working relationships with Warren G and Daz, who are alleged to be uncredited contributors on the hit albums The Chronic and Doggystyle, he states that Dr. Dre is capable of making beats without the help of collaborators, and that he is responsible for the success of his numerous albums.[190] Dr. Dre's prominent studio collaborators, including Scott Storch, Elizondo, Mark Batson and Dawaun Parker, have shared co-writing, instrumental, and more recently co-production credits on the songs where he is credited as the producer.

Anderson .Paak also praised Dr. Dre in a 2016 interview with Music Times, telling the publication that it was a dream come true to work with Dre.[191]

Ghostwriters

It is acknowledged that most of Dr. Dre's raps are written for him by others, though he retains ultimate control over his lyrics and the themes of his songs.[192] As Aftermath producer Mahogany told Scratch: "It's like a class room in [the booth]. He'll have three writers in there. They'll bring in something, he'll recite it, then he'll say, 'Change this line, change this word,' like he's grading papers."[193] As seen in the credits for tracks Young has appeared on, there are often multiple people who contribute to his songs (although often in hip hop many people are officially credited as a writer for a song, even the producer).

In the book How to Rap, RBX explains that writing The Chronic was a "team effort"[194] and details how he ghostwrote "Let Me Ride" for Dre.[194] In regard to ghostwriting lyrics he says, "Dre doesn't profess to be no super-duper rap dude – Dre is a super-duper producer".[194] As a member of N.W.A, the D.O.C. wrote lyrics for him while he stuck with producing.[21] Jay-Z ghostwrote lyrics for the single "Still D.R.E." from Dr. Dre's album 2001.[42]

Personal life

On December 15, 1981, when Dre was 16 years old and his then-girlfriend Cassandra Joy Greene was 15 years old, the two had a son named Curtis, who was brought up by Greene and first met Dre 20 years later.[195] Curtis performed as a rapper under the name Hood Surgeon.[196]

In 1983, Dre and Lisa Johnson had a daughter named La Tanya Danielle Young.[197][198] Dre and Johnson have three daughters together.[199]

In 1988, Dre and Jenita Porter had a son named Andre Young Jr. In 1990, Porter sued Dre, seeking $5,000 of child support per month.[200] On August 23, 2008, Andre died at the age of 20 from an overdose of heroin and morphine[201] at his mother's Woodland Hills home.[200]

From 1987 to 1996, Dre dated singer Michel'le, who frequently contributed vocals to Ruthless Records and Death Row Records albums.[202] In 1991, they had a son named Marcel.[203][204]

In April 1992, after a verbal dispute with his engineer, Dre was consequentially shot four times in his leg.[205]

In 1996, Dre married Nicole (née Plotzker) Threatt, who was previously married to basketball player Sedale Threatt.[206][198] They have two children together: a son named Truice (born 1997) and a daughter named Truly (born 2001).[207]

In 2001, Dre earned a total of about US$52 million from selling part of his share of Aftermath Entertainment to Interscope Records and his production of such hit songs that year as "Family Affair" by Mary J. Blige. Rolling Stone magazine thus named him the second highest-paid artist of the year.[52] Dr. Dre was ranked 44th in 2004 from earnings of $11.4 million, primarily from production royalties from such projects as albums from G-Unit and D12 and the single "Rich Girl" by singer Gwen Stefani and rapper Eve.[208] Forbes estimated his net worth at US$270 million in 2012.[209] The same publication later reported that he acquired US$110 million via his various endeavors in 2012, making him the highest–paid artist of the year.[210] Income from the 2014 sale of Beats to Apple, contributing to what Forbes termed "the biggest single-year payday of any musician in history", made Dr. Dre the world's richest musical performer of 2015.[211]

In 2014, Dre purchased a $40 million home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles from its previous owners, NFL player Tom Brady and supermodel Gisele Bündchen.[212]

It was reported that Dre suffered a brain aneurysm on January 5, 2021,[213] and that he was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's ICU in Los Angeles, California.[214] Hours after his admission to the hospital, Dre's home was targeted for an attempted burglary.[215] He eventually received support from LeBron James, Martin Lawrence, LL Cool J, Missy Elliott, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, 50 Cent, Ellen DeGeneres, Ciara, her husband Russell Wilson, T.I., Quincy Jones and others.[216][217] In February, he was released with a following message on Instagram: "Thanks to my family, friends and fans for their interest and well wishes. I'm doing great and getting excellent care from my medical team. I will be out of the hospital and back home soon. Shout out to all the great medical professionals at Cedars. One Love!!"[218][219]

Controversies and legal issues

Violence against women

Dre has been accused of multiple incidents of violence against women.[220][221][222][223]

On January 27, 1991, at a music industry party at the Po Na Na Souk club in Hollywood, Dr. Dre assaulted television host Dee Barnes of the Fox television program Pump it Up!, following an episode of the show. Barnes had interviewed NWA, which was followed by an interview with Ice Cube in which Cube mocked NWA.[224] Barnes filed a $22.7 million lawsuit in response to the incident.[225] Subsequently, Dr. Dre was fined $2,500, given two years' probation, ordered to undergo 240 hours of community service, and given a spot on an anti-violence public service announcement on television.[226][227] The civil suit was settled out of court.[228] Barnes stated that he "began slamming her face and the right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway". Dr. Dre later commented: "People talk all this shit, but you know, somebody fucks with me, I'm gonna fuck with them. I just did it, you know. Ain't nothing you can do now by talking about it. Besides, it ain't no big thing – I just threw her through a door."[220]

In March 2015, Michel'le, the mother of one of Dre's children, accused him of subjecting her to domestic violence during their time together as a couple, but did not initiate legal action.[229][230] Their abusive relationship is portrayed in her 2016 biopic Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le.[231][232] Dre threatened a lawsuit against Lifetime, Sony Pictures and filmmakers of Surviving Compton in a cease and desist, but never ultimately took action.[233][234]

Interviewed by Ben Westhoff for the book Original Gangstas: the Untold Story of Dr Dre, Eazy-E, Ice Cube, Tupac Shakur, and the Birth of West Coast Rap, Lisa Johnson stated that Dre beat her many times, including while she was pregnant.[197] She was granted a restraining order against him.[235]

Former labelmate Tairrie B claimed that Dre assaulted her at a post-Grammy party in 1990, in response to her track "Ruthless Bitch".[236]

During press for the 2015 film Straight Outta Compton, questions about the portrayal and behavior of Dre and other prominent figures in the rap community about violence against women – and the question about its absence in the film – were raised.[237] The discussion about the film led to Dre addressing his past behavior in the press. In August 2015, in an interview with Rolling Stone,[238] Dre lamented his abusive past, saying, "I made some fucking horrible mistakes in my life. I was young, fucking stupid. I would say all the allegations aren't true—some of them are. Those are some of the things that I would like to take back. It was really fucked up. But I paid for those mistakes, and there's no way in hell that I will ever make another mistake like that again."[115][239]

In a statement to The New York Times on August 21, 2015, exactly two weeks after his album, Compton, was released, Dre again addressed his abusive past, stating, "25 years ago I was a young man drinking too much and in over my head with no real structure in my life. However, none of this is an excuse for what I did. I've been married for 19 years and every day I'm working to be a better man for my family, seeking guidance along the way. I'm doing everything I can so I never resemble that man again. ... I apologize to the women I've hurt. I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives."[237]

In the 2017 film The Defiant Ones, Dr. Dre explained about the Dee Barnes incident again, "This was a very low point in my life. I've done a lot of stupid shit in my life. A lot of things I wish I could go and take back. I've experienced abuse. I've watched my mother get abused. So there's absolutely no excuse for it. No woman should ever be treated that way. Any man that puts his hands on a female is a fucking idiot. He's out of his fucking mind, and I was out of my fucking mind at the time. I fucked up, I paid for it, I'm sorry for it, and I apologize for it. I have this dark cloud that follows me, and it's going to be attached to me forever. It's a major blemish on who I am as a man."[240]

Second divorce

Dre's wife, Nicole Plotzker-Young, filed for divorce in June 2020, citing irreconcilable differences.[241][242][243] In November 2020, she filed legal claims that Dre engaged in verbal violence and infidelity during their marriage.[244][245] She also stated that he tore up their prenuptial agreement that he wanted her to sign out of anger.[246] Dre's representative responded, calling her claims of infidelity and violence in their marriage "false".[247] Before being released from the Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, he was ordered to pay Plotzker-Young $2 million in temporary spousal support.[248] Between the spring and summer of the year, Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles County judge to pay his ex-wife over $300,000 a month in spousal support.[249] The $2 million extension request was also dismissed, due to insufficient claims.[250] In July 2021, Dr. Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles Superior Court Judge to pay an additional $293,306 a month to estranged wife in spousal support starting August 1 until she decides to remarry or "further order of the Court".[251] Then, in August, the judge denied his wife's request for a protective order, due to her being afraid of Dre after a snippet leaked on Instagram of him rapping about the divorce proceedings and his possible brain aneurysm earlier that February; in this snippet, he called his wife a "greedy bitch".[252][253][254] In mid-October, Dr. Dre was served more divorce papers, during his grandmother's funeral.[255][256] That same month, Dre was officially deemed "single" by the judge.[257] The financial owings in this case included expenses of Dre's Malibu, Palisades and Hollywood Hills homes, but not his stock in past ownership of Beats Electronics, prior to its sale to Apple in 2014.[258][259] As of December 2021, the divorce proceedings have entered its final stages.[260] On December 28, the divorce was settled with Dre keeping most of his assets and income due to the prenuptial agreement, although he would have to pay a 9-figure settlement within one year.[261]

Other

On June 28, 1992, hours before midnight, a barbecue grill and an overfill of charcoal caused Dre's Calabasas mansion to set on fire.[262] Two firefighters who exhausted the fire were treated in the hospital for minor injuries.[263] The fire caused over $125,000 in home damages.

Dre pleaded guilty in October 1992 in a case of battery of a police officer and was convicted on two additional battery counts stemming from a brawl in the lobby of the New Orleans hotel in May 1991.[264]

In 1993, he was convicted of battery after an altercation with a man who stood outside the front porch of his Woodland Hills home in front of the musician's girlfriend. He claimed that Dre broke his jaw as a result.[265]

On January 10, 1994, Dre was arrested after leading police on a 90 mph pursuit through Beverly Hills in his 1987 Ferrari. It was revealed that Dr. Dre had a blood alcohol of 0.16, twice the state of California's legal limit. The conviction violated the conditions of parole following Dre's battery conviction in 1993; he plead no contest and was sentenced to eight months in prison in September 1994.[266] He was ordered to pay a $1,053 fine and attend an alcohol education program.[267][268]

On October 30, 2015, Ruthless co-founder Jerry Heller filed suit against Dre, Ice Cube, Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright, director F. Gary Gray and Universal Pictures for defamation of character and copyright infringement over the biopic, Straight Outta Compton. The lawsuit states that depictions of Heller in the film, portrayed by Paul Giamatti, were wrongfully taken from an autobiography he wrote about his involvement with Ruthless and N.W.A.[269][270] The case was taken to court in June 2016 where a judge criticized the filing, saying that the film was "approved to portray these facts in "colorful and hyperbolic" terms".[271] On September 2, 2016, Jerry Heller died of a car accident, preceded by a heart attack.[272] However, his lawsuit kept on through his legal team and members of his estate.[273] In October 2018, the lawsuit was dropped, costing Heller's estate $35 million for punitive and $75 million for compensatory damages.[274]

On April 4, 2016, TMZ and the New York Daily News reported that Suge Knight had accused Dre and the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department of a kill-for-hire plot in the 2014 shooting of Knight in club 1 OAK.[275][276] Three months later, in July, Dre was reportedly detained by police after confronting a next-door neighbor in Malibu about a test drive.[277] It was also alleged that he brandished a handgun on the neighbor, but no evidence would be linked and Dre was soon released.[278]

On May 8, 2018, Dre lost a name trademark filing to a Pennsylvania gynecologist named Draion Burch, who previously filed a trademark petition in 2015 to use his nickname, Dr. Drai, which has the similar pronunciation.[279] Then, on June 26, Dre and Jimmy Iovine were ordered to pay $25 million to former partner and creative designer Steven Lamar, who sued the two co-founders for $100 million in unpaid royalties for designing the early Beats headphone models.[280] The lawsuit was filed in 2015 after news broke out of Apple's acquisition of the headphone brand a year prior.[281][282]

In August 2021, Dr. Dre's oldest daughter LaTanya Young spoke out about being homeless and unable to support her four children. She is currently working for UberEats and DoorDash, and she also works at warehouse jobs. She is living in debt in her SUV while her children are living with friends. Dr. Dre has allegedly stopped supporting LaTanya financially since January 2020 because she has "spoken about him in the press".[283][284]

Discography

Main articles: Dr. Dre discography and production discography

Studio albums

Soundtrack albums

Collaboration albums

with World Class Wreckin' Cru

with N.W.A.

Awards and nominations

BET Hip Hop Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
2014 Himself Hustler of the Year Won
2015 Nominated
2016[285] Producer of the Year Nominated
Compton Album of the Year Nominated

Grammy Awards

Dr. Dre has won seven Grammy Awards. Three of them are for his production work.[286][287][288]

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1990 "We're All in the Same Gang" Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
1994 "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" (with Snoop Doggy Dogg) Nominated
"Let Me Ride" Best Rap Solo Performance Won
1996 "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" Nominated
1997 "California Love" (with 2Pac & Roger Troutman) Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
1998 "No Diggity" (with Blackstreet & Queen Pen) Best R&B Song Nominated
2000 "Still D.R.E." (with Snoop Dogg) Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
"Guilty Conscience" (with Eminem) Nominated
2001 "Forgot About Dre" (with Eminem) Won
"The Next Episode" (with Snoop Dogg, Kurupt & Nate Dogg) Nominated
The Marshall Mathers LP (as engineer) Album of the Year Nominated
Best Rap Album Won
2001 Nominated
Himself Producer of the Year, Non-Classical Won
2002 Nominated
2003 Nominated
"Knoc" (with Knoc-turn'al & Missy Elliott) Best Music Video, Short Form Nominated
The Eminem Show (as producer) Album of the Year Nominated
2004 "In da Club" (as songwriter) Best Rap Song Nominated
2006 Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (as producer) Album of the Year Nominated
"Encore" (with Eminem & 50 Cent) Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
2010 "Crack a Bottle" (with Eminem & 50 Cent) Won
Relapse (as engineer) Best Rap Album Won
2011 Recovery (as producer) Album of the Year Nominated
2012 "I Need a Doctor" (with Eminem & Skylar Grey) Best Rap/Sung Collaboration Nominated
Best Rap Song Nominated
2014 good kid, m.A.A.d city (as featured artist) Album of the Year Nominated
2016 Compton Best Rap Album Nominated
2017 Straight Outta Compton Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media Nominated

MTV Video Music Awards

Year Nominated work Award Result
1993 "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang" Best Rap Video Nominated
1994 "Let Me Ride" Nominated
1995 "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" Won
1997 "Been There, Done That" Nominated
Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
1999 "My Name Is" Best Direction Nominated
"Guilty Conscience" Breakthrough Video Nominated
2000 "The Real Slim Shady" Best Direction in a Video Nominated
2000 "Forgot About Dre" Best Rap Video Won
2001 "Stan" Best Direction in a Video Nominated
2009 "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang" Best Video (That Should Have Won a Moonman) Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards

Filmography

Films
Year Title Role Notes
1992 Niggaz4Life: The Only Home Video Himself Documentary
1996 Set It Off Black Sam Minor role
1999 Whiteboyz Don Flip Crew #1 Minor role
2000 Up in Smoke Tour Himself Concert film
2001 Training Day Paul Minor role
2001 The Wash Sean Main role
2015 Unity[289] Narrator Documentary
2017 The Defiant Ones[290] Himself Documentary
Video games
Year Title Role Notes
2005 50 Cent: Bulletproof Grizz Voice role and likeness
2020 Grand Theft Auto Online: The Cayo Perico Heist[291] Himself Voice role and likeness; cameo
2021 Grand Theft Auto Online: The Contract[292] Voice role and likeness; update also features new music created by Dre for the game
Biographical portrayals in film
Year Title Portrayed by Notes
2015 Straight Outta Compton Corey Hawkins Biographical film about N.W.A
2016 Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le Chris Hamilton Biographical film about Michel'le
2017 All Eyez on Me Harold Moore[293] Biographical film about Tupac Shakur

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Works cited

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dr. Dre.
 
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  • Official website
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February 07, 2023
neutrality, this, article, disputed, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, remove, this, message, until, conditions, november, 2022, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, andre, young, redirects, here, other, uses, andre, young, disambiguati. The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Andre Young redirects here For other uses see Andre Young disambiguation This article is about the rapper For the New York State radio and television presenter see Doctor Dre Andre Romell Young born February 18 1965 known professionally as Dr Dre is an American rapper and record producer He is the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics and previously co founded co owned and was the president of Death Row Records Dr Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin Cru in 1985 and later found fame with the gangsta rap group N W A The group popularized explicit lyrics in hip hop to detail the violence of street life During the early 1990s Dre was credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of West Coast G funk a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a synthesizer foundation and slow heavy beats Dr DreDr Dre in 2013BornAndre Romell Young 1965 02 18 February 18 1965 age 57 Compton California U S Other namesBrickhardThe MechanicEducationJohn C Fremont High SchoolOccupationsRapperrecord produceractorentrepreneurrecord executiveYears active1985 presentSpouseNicole Plotzker m 1996 div 2021 wbr Children8RelativesSir Jinx cousin Warren G step brother Olaijah Griffin step nephew AwardsFull listMusical careerGenresWest Coast hip hop gangsta rap G funkLabelsInterscopeAftermathDeath RowPriorityRuthlessKru CutEpicFormerly ofWorld Class Wreckin CruN W AWebsitewww wbr drdre wbr comDre s solo debut studio album The Chronic 1992 released under Death Row Records made him one of the best selling American music artists of 1993 It earned him a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for the single Let Me Ride as well as several accolades for the single Nuthin but a G Thang That year he produced Death Row labelmate Snoop Doggy Dogg s debut album Doggystyle and mentored producers such as his stepbrother Warren G leading to the multi platinum debut Regulate G Funk Era in 1994 and Snoop Dogg s cousin Daz Dillinger leading to the double platinum debut Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound in 1995 as well as mentor to upcoming producers Sam Sneed and Mel Man In 1996 Dr Dre left Death Row Records to establish his own label Aftermath Entertainment He produced a compilation album Dr Dre Presents the Aftermath in 1996 and released a solo album 2001 in 1999 During the 2000s Dre focused on producing other artists occasionally contributing vocals He signed Eminem in 1998 and 50 Cent in 2002 and co produced their albums He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many other rappers including the D O C Snoop Dogg Xzibit Knoc turn al the Game Kendrick Lamar and Anderson Paak Dre has also had acting roles in movies such as Set It Off The Wash and Training Day He has won seven Grammy Awards including Producer of the Year Non Classical Rolling Stone ranked him number 56 on the list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time He was the second richest figure in hip hop as of 2018 with an estimated net worth of 800 million Accusations of Dre s violence against women have been widely publicized Following his assault of television host Dee Barnes he was fined 2 500 given two years probation ordered to perform 240 hours of community service and given a spot on an anti violence public service announcement A civil suit was settled out of court In 2015 Michel le the mother of one of his children accused him of domestic violence during their time together as a couple Their abusive relationship is portrayed in her 2016 biopic Surviving Compton Dre Suge amp Michel le Lisa Johnson the mother of three of Dr Dre s children stated that he beat her many times including while she was pregnant She was granted a restraining order against him Former labelmate Tairrie B claimed that Dre assaulted her at a party in 1990 in response to her track Ruthless Bitch Two weeks following the release of his third album Compton in August 2015 he issued an apology to the women I ve hurt 1 Contents 1 Early life 2 Musical career 2 1 1985 1986 World Class Wreckin Cru 2 2 1986 1991 N W A and Ruthless Records 2 3 1991 1996 The Chronic and Death Row Records 2 4 1996 2000 Move to Aftermath Entertainment and 2001 2 5 2000 2010 Focus on production and Detox 2 6 2010 2020 The Planets hiatus Coachella and Compton 2 7 2020 present Return to production and Super Bowl halftime show 3 Other ventures 3 1 Film appearances 3 2 Crucial Films 3 3 Entrepreneurship 3 3 1 Beats Electronics 3 4 Philanthropy 3 5 Commercial endorsements 3 6 Dr Dre started Burning Man rumors 4 Musical influences and style 4 1 Production style 4 2 Production equipment 4 3 Work ethic 4 4 Collaborators and co producers 4 5 Ghostwriters 5 Personal life 6 Controversies and legal issues 6 1 Violence against women 6 2 Second divorce 6 3 Other 7 Discography 7 1 Studio albums 7 2 Soundtrack albums 7 3 Collaboration albums 8 Awards and nominations 8 1 BET Hip Hop Awards 8 2 Grammy Awards 8 3 MTV Video Music Awards 8 4 Primetime Emmy Awards 9 Filmography 10 References 10 1 Works cited 11 External linksEarly lifeDre was born Andre Romelle Young 2 in Compton California on February 18 1965 3 the son of Theodore and Verna Young His middle name is derived from the Romells his father s amateur R amp B group His parents married in 1964 separated in 1968 and divorced in 1972 His mother later remarried to Curtis Crayon and had three children sons Jerome and Tyree both deceased and daughter Shameka 4 In 1976 Dre began attending Vanguard Junior High School in Compton but due to gang violence he transferred to the safer suburban Roosevelt Junior High School 5 The family moved often and lived in apartments and houses in Compton Carson Long Beach and the Watts and South Central neighborhoods of Los Angeles 6 Dre has said that he was mostly raised by his grandmother in the New Wilmington Arms housing project in Compton 7 His mother later married Warren Griffin 8 which added three step sisters and one step brother to the family the latter would eventually begin rapping under the name Warren G 9 Dre is also the cousin of producer Sir Jinx Dre attended Centennial High School in Compton during his freshman year in 1979 but transferred to Fremont High School in South Central Los Angeles due to poor grades He attempted to enroll in an apprenticeship program at Northrop Aviation Company but poor grades at school made him ineligible Thereafter he focused on his social life and entertainment for the remainder of his high school years 10 Dre s frequent absences from school jeopardized his position as a diver on his school s swim team After high school he attended Chester Adult School in Compton following his mother s demands for him to get a job or continue his education After brief attendance at a radio broadcasting school he relocated to the residence of his father and residence of his grandparents before returning to his mother s house 11 Musical career1985 1986 World Class Wreckin Cru Inspired by the Grandmaster Flash song The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel Dr Dre often attended a club called Eve s After Dark to watch many DJs and rappers performing live He subsequently became a DJ in the club initially under the name Dr J based on the nickname of Julius Erving his favorite basketball player At the club he met aspiring rapper Antoine Carraby later to become member DJ Yella of N W A 12 Soon afterwards he adopted the moniker Dr Dre a mix of previous alias Dr J and his first name referring to himself as the Master of Mixology 13 Eve After Dark had a back room with a small four track studio In this studio Dre and Yella recorded several demos In their first recording session they recorded a song entitled Surgery 14 15 Dr Dre s earliest recordings were released in 1994 on a compilation titled Concrete Roots Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine of allmusic described the compiled music released several years before Dre developed a distinctive style as surprisingly generic and unengaging and for dedicated fans only 16 Dre later joined the musical group World Class Wreckin Cru which released its debut album under the Kru Cut label in 1985 17 The group would become stars of the electro hop scene that dominated early mid 1980s West Coast hip hop Surgery which was officially released after being recorded prior to the group s official formation would prominently feature Dr Dre on the turntable The record would become the group s first hit selling 50 000 copies within the Compton area 18 Dr Dre and DJ Yella also performed mixes for local radio station KDAY boosting ratings for its afternoon rush hour show The Traffic Jam 19 1986 1991 N W A and Ruthless Records Fuck Tha Police source source track from Straight Outta Compton Problems playing this file See media help Poster for one of N W A s first concerts at a Compton skating rink 1988 In 1986 Dr Dre met rapper O Shea Jackson known as Ice Cube who collaborated with him to record songs for Ruthless Records a hip hop record label run by local rapper Eazy E N W A and fellow West Coast rapper Ice T are widely credited as seminal artists of the gangsta rap genre a profanity heavy subgenre of hip hop replete with gritty depictions of urban crime and gang lifestyle Not feeling constricted to racially charged political issues pioneered by rap artists such as Public Enemy or Boogie Down Productions N W A favored themes and uncompromising lyrics offering stark descriptions of violent inner city streets Propelled by the hit Fuck tha Police the group s first full album Straight Outta Compton became a major success despite an almost complete absence of radio airplay or major concert tours The Federal Bureau of Investigation sent Ruthless Records a warning letter in response to the song s content 20 After Ice Cube left N W A in 1989 over financial disputes Dr Dre produced and performed for much of the group s second album Efil4zaggin He also produced tracks for a number of other acts on Ruthless Records including Eazy E s 1988 solo debut Eazy Duz It Above the Law s 1990 debut Livin Like Hustlers Michel le s 1989 self titled debut the D O C s 1989 debut No One Can Do It Better J J Fad s 1988 debut Supersonic and funk rock musician Jimmy Z s 1991 album Muzical Madness 21 22 1991 1996 The Chronic and Death Row Records Nuthin But a G Thang source source track from The Chronic Problems playing this file See media help After a dispute with Eazy E Dre left the group at the peak of its popularity in 1991 under the advice of friend and N W A lyricist the D O C and his bodyguard at the time Suge Knight Knight a notorious strongman and intimidator was able to have Eazy E release Young from his contract and using Dr Dre as his flagship artist founded Death Row Records In 1992 Young released his first single the title track to the film Deep Cover a collaboration with rapper Snoop Dogg whom he met through Warren G 20 Dr Dre s debut solo album was The Chronic released under Death Row Records with Suge Knight as executive producer Young ushered in a new style of rap both in terms of musical style and lyrical content including introducing a number of artists to the industry including Snoop Dogg Kurupt Daz Dillinger RBX the Lady of Rage Nate Dogg and Jewell 23 Logo used by Chronic era Dr Dre On the strength of singles such as Nuthin but a G Thang Let Me Ride and Fuck wit Dre Day and Everybody s Celebratin known as Dre Day for radio and television play all of which featured Snoop Dogg as guest vocalist The Chronic became a cultural phenomenon its G funk sound dominating much of hip hop music for the early 1990s 20 In 1993 the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA certified the album triple platinum 24 and Dr Dre also won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for his performance on Let Me Ride 25 For that year Billboard magazine also ranked Dr Dre as the eighth best selling musical artist The Chronic as the sixth best selling album and Nuthin but a G Thang as the 11th best selling single 26 California Love earned Dr Dre his first number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 and two Grammy nominations Besides working on his own material Dr Dre produced Snoop Dogg s debut album Doggystyle which became the first debut album for an artist to enter the Billboard 200 album charts at number one 27 In 1994 Dr Dre produced some songs on the soundtracks to the films Above the Rim and Murder Was the Case He collaborated with fellow N W A member Ice Cube for the song Natural Born Killaz in 1995 20 For the film Friday Dre recorded Keep Their Heads Ringin which reached number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 on the Hot Rap Singles now Hot Rap Tracks charts 28 In 1995 Death Row Records signed rapper 2Pac and began to position him as their major star he collaborated with Dr Dre on the commercially successful single California Love which became both artists first song to top the Billboard Hot 100 20 29 However in March 1996 Young left the label amidst a contract dispute and growing concerns that label boss Suge Knight was corrupt financially dishonest and out of control Later that year he formed his own label Aftermath Entertainment under the distribution label for Death Row Records Interscope Records 20 Subsequently Death Row Records suffered poor sales by 1997 especially following the death of 2Pac and the racketeering charges brought against Knight 30 Dr Dre also appeared on the single No Diggity by R amp B group Blackstreet in 1996 it too was a sales success topping the Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks and later won the award for Best R amp B Vocal by a Duo or Group at the 1997 Grammy Awards 31 After hearing it for the first time several of Dr Dre s former Death Row colleagues including 2Pac recorded and attempted to release a song titled Toss It Up containing numerous insults aimed at Dr Dre and using a deliberately similar instrumental to No Diggity but were forced to replace the production after Blackstreet issued the label with a cease and desist order stopping them from distributing the song 32 1996 2000 Move to Aftermath Entertainment and 2001 Logo used by 2001 era Dr Dre The Dr Dre Presents the Aftermath album released on November 26 1996 featured songs by Dr Dre himself as well as by newly signed Aftermath Entertainment artists and a solo track Been There Done That intended as a symbolic farewell to gangsta rap 33 Despite being classified platinum by the RIAA 24 the album was not very popular among music fans 20 In October 1996 Dre performed Been There Done That on Saturday Night Live 34 In 1997 Dr Dre produced several tracks on the Firm s The Album it was met with largely negative reviews from critics Rumors began to abound that Aftermath was facing financial difficulties 35 Aftermath Entertainment also faced a trademark infringement lawsuit by the underground thrash metal band Aftermath 36 First Round Knock Out a compilation of various tracks produced and performed by Dr Dre was also released in 1996 with material ranging from World Class Wreckin Cru to N W A to Death Row recordings 37 Dr Dre chose to take no part in the ongoing East Coast West Coast hip hop rivalry of the time instead producing for and appearing on several New York artists releases such as Nas Nas Is Coming LL Cool J s Zoom and Jay Z s Watch Me The turning point for Aftermath came in 1998 when Dre s close friend Jimmy Iovine the co founder of Interscope Records parent label for Aftermath suggested that Dr Dre sign Eminem a white rapper from Detroit Dre produced three songs and provided vocals for two on Eminem s successful and controversial debut album The Slim Shady LP released in 1999 38 The Dr Dre produced lead single from that album My Name Is brought Eminem to public attention for the first time and the success of The Slim Shady LP it reached number two on the Billboard 200 and received general acclaim from critics revived the label s commercial ambitions and viability 38 39 40 Still D R E source source track from 2001 Problems playing this file See media help Ticket for Dr Dre s Up in Smoke Tour in Albany New York July 2000 Dr Dre s second solo album 2001 released on November 16 1999 was considered an ostentatious return to his gangsta rap roots 41 It was initially titled The Chronic 2000 to imply being a sequel to his debut solo effort The Chronic but was re titled 2001 after Death Row Records released an unrelated compilation album with the title Suge Knight Represents Chronic 2000 in May 1999 Other tentative titles included The Chronic 2001 and Dr Dre 42 The album featured numerous collaborators including Devin the Dude Snoop Dogg Kurupt Xzibit Nate Dogg Eminem Knoc turn al King T Defari Kokane Mary J Blige and new protege Hittman as well as co production between Dre and new Aftermath producer Mel Man Stephen Thomas Erlewine of the website AllMusic described the sound of the album as adding ominous strings soulful vocals and reggae to Dr Dre s style 41 The album was highly successful charting at number two on the Billboard 200 charts 43 and has since been certified six times platinum 24 validating a recurring theme on the album Dr Dre was still a force to be reckoned with despite the lack of major releases in the previous few years The album included popular hit singles Still D R E and Forgot About Dre both of which Dr Dre performed on NBC s Saturday Night Live on October 23 1999 44 Dr Dre won the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year Non Classical in 2000 20 and joined the Up in Smoke Tour with fellow rappers Eminem Snoop Dogg and Ice Cube that year as well 45 During the course of 2001 s popularity Dr Dre was involved in several lawsuits Lucasfilm Ltd the film company behind the Star Wars film franchise sued him over the use of the THX trademarked Deep Note 46 The Fatback Band also sued Dr Dre over alleged infringement regarding its song Backstrokin in his song Let s Get High from the 2001 album Dr Dre was ordered to pay 1 5 million to the band in 2003 47 French jazz musician Jacques Loussier sued Aftermath for 10 million in March 2002 claiming that the Dr Dre produced Eminem track Kill You plagiarized his composition Pulsion 48 49 The online music file sharing company Napster also settled a lawsuit with him and metal band Metallica in mid 2001 agreeing to block access to certain files that artists do not want to have shared on the network 50 2000 2010 Focus on production and Detox Dr Dre in 2008 Following the success of 2001 Dr Dre focused on producing songs and albums for other artists He co produced six tracks on Eminem s landmark Marshall Mathers LP including the Grammy winning lead single The Real Slim Shady The album itself earned a Grammy and proved to be the fastest selling rap album of all time moving 1 76 million units in its first week alone 51 He produced the single Family Affair by R amp B singer Mary J Blige for her album No More Drama in 2001 52 He also produced Let Me Blow Ya Mind a duet by rapper Eve and No Doubt lead singer Gwen Stefani 53 and signed R amp B singer Truth Hurts to Aftermath in 2001 54 Dr Dre produced and rapped on singer and Interscope labelmate Bilal s 2001 single Fast Lane which barely missed the Top 40 of the R amp B charts 55 He later assisted in the production of Bilal s second album Love for Sale 56 which Interscope controversially shelved because of its creative direction 57 Dr Dre was the executive producer of Eminem s 2002 release The Eminem Show He produced three songs on the album one of which was released as a single and he appeared in the award winning video for Without Me He also produced the D O C s 2003 album Deuce where he made a guest appearance on the tracks Psychic Pymp Hotline Gorilla Pympin and Judgment Day Another copyright related lawsuit hit Dr Dre in the fall of 2002 when Sa Re Ga Ma a film and music company based in Calcutta India sued Aftermath Entertainment over an uncredited sample of the Lata Mangeshkar song Thoda Resham Lagta Hai on the Aftermath produced song Addictive by singer Truth Hurts In February 2003 a judge ruled that Aftermath would have to halt sales of Truth Hurts album Truthfully Speaking if the company would not credit Mangeshkar 58 In 2002 Dr Dre signed rapper 50 Cent to Aftermath in a joint venture between Interscope and Eminem s Shady Records Dr Dre served as executive producer for 50 Cent s commercially successful February 2003 debut studio album Get Rich or Die Tryin Dr Dre produced or co produced four tracks on the album including the hit single In da Club 59 Eminem s fourth album since joining Aftermath Encore again saw Dre taking on the role of executive producer and this time he was more actively involved in the music producing or co producing a total of eight tracks including three singles In November 2004 at the Vibe magazine awards show in Los Angeles Dr Dre was attacked by a fan named Jimmy James Johnson who was supposedly asking for an autograph In the resulting scuffle then G Unit rapper Young Buck stabbed the man 60 Johnson claimed that Suge Knight president of Death Row Records paid him 5 000 to assault Dre in order to humiliate him before he received his Lifetime Achievement Award 61 Knight immediately went on CBS s The Late Late Show to deny involvement and insisted that he supported Dr Dre and wanted Johnson charged 62 In September 2005 Johnson was sentenced to a year in prison and ordered to stay away from Dr Dre until 2008 63 Dr Dre also produced How We Do a 2005 hit single from rapper the Game from his album The Documentary 64 as well as tracks on 50 Cent s successful second album The Massacre For an issue of Rolling Stone magazine in April 2005 Dr Dre was ranked 54th out of 100 artists for Rolling Stone magazine s list The Immortals The Greatest Artists of All Time Kanye West wrote the summary for Dr Dre where he stated Dr Dre s song Xxplosive as where he got his whole sound from 65 In November 2006 Dr Dre began working with Raekwon on his album Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II 66 He also produced tracks for the rap albums Buck the World by Young Buck 67 Curtis by 50 Cent 68 Tha Blue Carpet Treatment by Snoop Dogg 69 and Kingdom Come by Jay Z 70 Dre also appeared on Timbaland s track Bounce from his 2007 solo album Timbaland Presents Shock Value alongside Missy Elliott and Justin Timberlake 71 During this period the D O C stated that Dre had been working with him on his fourth album Voices through Hot Vessels which he planned to release after Detox arrived 72 73 Planned but unreleased albums during Dr Dre s tenure at Aftermath have included a full length reunion with Snoop Dogg titled Breakup to Makeup an album with fellow former N W A member Ice Cube which was to be titled Heltah Skeltah 21 an N W A reunion album 21 and a joint album with fellow producer Timbaland titled Chairmen of the Board 74 In 2007 Dr Dre s third studio album formerly known as Detox was slated to be his final studio album 75 Work for the upcoming album dates back to 2001 76 where its first version was called the most advanced rap album ever by producer Scott Storch 77 Later that same year he decided to stop working on the album to focus on producing for other artists but then changed his mind the album had initially been set for a fall 2005 release 78 Producers confirmed to work on the album include DJ Khalil Nottz Bernard Focus Edwards Jr 79 Hi Tek 80 J R Rotem 81 RZA 82 and Jay Z 83 Snoop Dogg claimed that Detox was finished according to a June 2008 report by Rolling Stone magazine 84 After another delay based on producing other artists work Detox was then scheduled for a 2010 release coming after 50 Cent s Before I Self Destruct and Eminem s Relapse an album for which Dr Dre handled the bulk of production duties 85 86 In a Dr Pepper commercial that debuted on May 28 2009 he premiered the first official snippet of Detox 87 88 50 Cent and Eminem asserted in a 2009 interview on BET s 106 amp Park that Dr Dre had around a dozen songs finished for Detox 89 On December 15 2008 Dre appeared in the remix of the song Set It Off by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall also with Pusha T the remix debuted on DJ Skee s radio show 90 At the beginning of 2009 Dre produced and made a guest vocal performance on the single Crack a Bottle by Eminem and the single sold a record 418 000 downloads in its first week 91 and reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart on the week of February 12 2009 92 Along with this single in 2009 Dr Dre produced or co produced 19 of 20 tracks on Eminem s album Relapse These included other hit singles We Made You Old Time s Sake and 3 a m The only track Dre did not produce was the Eminem produced single Beautiful On April 20 2010 Under Pressure featuring Jay Z and co produced with Scott Storch was confirmed by Jimmy Iovine and Dr Dre during an interview at Fenway Park as the album s first single 93 94 The song leaked prior to its intended release in an unmixed unmastered form without a chorus on June 16 2010 95 however critical reaction to the song was lukewarm and Dr Dre later announced in an interview that the song along with any other previously leaked tracks from Detox s recording process would not appear on the final version of the album 96 Two genuine singles Kush a collaboration with Snoop Dogg and fellow rapper Akon and I Need a Doctor with Eminem and singer Skylar Grey were released in the United States during November 2010 and February 2011 respectively 97 98 the latter achieved international chart success reaching number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and later being certified double platinum by the RIAA and the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA 24 99 On June 25 2010 the American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers honored Dr Dre with its Founders Award for inspiring other musicians 100 101 2010 2020 The Planets hiatus Coachella and Compton Dr Dre performs at the 2012 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival In an August 2010 interview Dr Dre stated that an instrumental album The Planets was in its first stages of production each song being named after a planet in the Solar System 102 On September 3 Dr Dre showed support to longtime protege Eminem and appeared on his and Jay Z s Home amp Home Tour performing hit songs such as Still D R E Nuthin but a G Thang and Crack a Bottle alongside Eminem and another protege 50 Cent Sporting an R I P Proof shirt Dre was honored by Eminem telling Detroit s Comerica Park to do the same They did so by chanting DEEE TOX to which he replied I m coming 103 On November 14 2011 Dre announced that he would be taking a break from music after he finished producing for artists Slim the Mobster and Kendrick Lamar In this break he stated that he would work on bringing his Beats By Dre to a standard as high as Apple and would also spend time with his family 104 On January 9 2012 Dre headlined the final nights of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2012 105 In June 2014 Marsha Ambrosius stated that she had been working on Detox but added that the album would be known under another title 106 In September 2014 Aftermath in house producer Dawaun Parker confirmed the title change and stated that over 300 beats had been created for the album over the years but few of them have had vocals recorded over them 107 The length of time that Detox had been recorded for as well as the limited amount of material that had been officially released or leaked from the recording sessions had given it considerable notoriety within the music industry 108 Numerous release dates including the ones mentioned above had been given for the album over the years since it was first announced although none of them transpired to be genuine 109 110 Several musicians closely affiliated with Dr Dre including Snoop Dogg fellow rappers 50 Cent the Game and producer DJ Quik had speculated in interviews that the album will never be released due to Dr Dre s business and entrepreneurial ventures having interfered with recording work as well as causing him to lose motivation to record new material 109 110 111 112 On August 1 2015 Dre announced that he would release what would be his final album titled Compton It is inspired by the N W A biopic Straight Outta Compton and is a compilation style album featuring a number of frequent collaborators including Eminem Snoop Dogg Kendrick Lamar Xzibit and the Game among others It was initially released on Apple Music on August 7 with a retail version releasing on August 21 113 114 In an interview with Rolling Stone he revealed that he had about 20 to 40 tracks for Detox but he did not release it because it did not meet his standards Dre also revealed that he suffers from social anxiety and due to this remains secluded and out of attention 115 On February 12 2016 it was revealed that Apple would create its first original scripted television series for its then upcoming Apple TV streaming service 116 Titled Vital Signs it was set to reflect Dre s life 116 He was also an executive producer on the show 117 before the show s cancellation sometime in September 2018 due to an overly graphic concept of drugs gun violence and sex 118 In October 2016 Sean Combs brought out Dr Dre Snoop Dogg and others on his Bad Boy reunion tour 119 In 2018 he produced four songs on Oxnard by Anderson Paak He was the executive producer on the album as so its follow up 2019 s Ventura 2020 present Return to production and Super Bowl halftime show Dr Dre was the executive producer of Eminem s 2020 release Music To Be Murdered By He produced four songs on the album He also produced two songs on the deluxe edition of the album Side B and appeared on the song Gunz Blazing On September 30 2021 it was revealed that Dre would perform at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem Snoop Dogg Mary J Blige and Kendrick Lamar In December 2021 an update for the video game Grand Theft Auto Online predominantly featured Dre and added some of his previously unreleased tracks which was released as an EP The Contract on February 3 2022 120 121 Around this time Dre announced he was collaborating with Marsha Ambrosius on Casablanco and with Mary J Blige on an upcoming album 122 123 Later that year Snoop Dogg announced that him and Dr Dre are in the process of recording their new album Missionary Snoop said the album will be released via Death Row and Aftermath 124 125 On February 13 2022 Dr Dre performed at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem Snoop Dogg Kendrick Lamar and Mary J Blige 126 with surprise appearances from 50 Cent and Anderson Paak 127 The performance was met with critical acclaim and is the first Super Bowl halftime show to win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special Live 128 The show also won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Production Design for a Variety Special and Outstanding Music Direction 129 130 The same year he produced numerous songs including The King and I a collaboration between Eminem and CeeLo Green for the 2022 biopic Elvis and a remix of Kanye West s song Use This Gospel for DJ Khaled s album God Did 131 132 In September 2022 it was reported that Dr Dre will compose the original score for the upcoming animated series Death for Hire The Origin of Tehk City The show is created by Ice T and Arabian Prince based on the graphic novel of the same title it features the voice talent of Ice T his wife Coco Austin Snoop Dogg Busta Rhymes and Treach among others 133 Other venturesFilm appearances Dr Dre made his first on screen appearance as a weapons dealer in the 1996 bank robbery movie Set It Off 134 In 2001 Dr Dre also appeared in the movies The Wash and Training Day 76 A song of his Bad Intentions featuring Knoc Turn Al and produced by Mahogany was featured on The Wash soundtrack 135 Dr Dre also appeared on two other songs On the Blvd and The Wash along with his co star Snoop Dogg Crucial Films Crucial Films IndustryFilm production companyFounded2007FounderDr DreFateInactiveOwnerNew Line CinemaWebsitecrucialfilms wbr comIn February 2007 it was announced that Dr Dre would produce dark comedies and horror films for New Line Cinema owned company Crucial Films along with longtime video director Phillip Atwell Dr Dre announced This is a natural switch for me since I ve directed a lot of music videos and I eventually want to get into directing 136 Along with fellow member Ice Cube Dr Dre produced Straight Outta Compton 2015 a biographical film about N W A 137 Entrepreneurship Beats Electronics Beats by Dr Dre logo In 2006 Dre co founded Beats Electronics with his partner Jimmy Iovine 138 Its first brand of headphones were launched in July 2008 The line consisted of Beats Studio a circumaural headphone Beats Tour an in ear headphone Beats Solo amp Solo HD a supra aural headphone Beats Spin Heartbeats by Lady Gaga also an in ear headphone and Diddy Beats 139 In late 2009 Hewlett Packard participated in a deal to bundle Beats By Dr Dre with some HP laptops and headsets 140 HP and Dr Dre announced the deal on October 9 2009 at a press event An exclusive laptop known as the HP ENVY 15 Beats limited edition was released for sale October 22 In January 2014 Beats Music was introduced and launched as a streaming service 141 Then in May technology giant Apple purchased the Beats brand for 3 4 billion 142 The deal made Dr Dre the richest man in hip hop 143 Dr Dre became an Apple employee in an executive role 144 145 and worked with Apple for years 146 As of 2022 it was found that Apple had subtracted 200 million from the deal after entertainer Tyrese Gibson revealed the news of the acquisition on social media a month before it was completed without the company s permission 147 Philanthropy During May 2013 Dr Dre and Jimmy Iovine donated a 70 million endowment to the University of Southern California to create the USC Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young Academy for Arts Technology and the Business of Innovation The goal of the academy has been stated as to shape the future by nurturing the talents passions leadership and risk taking of uniquely qualified students who are motivated to explore and create new art forms technologies and business models The first class of the academy began in September 2014 148 In June 2017 it was announced that Dr Dre has committed 10 million to the construction of a performing arts center for the new Compton High School The center will encompass creative resources and a 1 200 seat theater and is expected to break ground in 2020 The project is a partnership between Dr Dre and the Compton Unified School District 149 Commercial endorsements In 2002 and 2003 Dr Dre appeared in TV commercials for Coors Light beer 150 Beginning in 2009 Dr Dre appeared in TV commercials that also featured his Beats Electronics product line A 2009 commercial for the Dr Pepper soft drink had Dr Dre DJing with Beats headphones and playing a brief snippet off the never released Detox album 87 88 In 2010 Dr Dre had a cameo in a commercial for HP laptops that featured a plug for Beats Audio 150 Then in 2011 the Chrysler 300S Imported from Detroit ad campaign had a commercial narrated by Dr Dre and including a plug for Beats Audio 151 Dr Dre started Burning Man rumors An urban legend surfaced in 2011 when a Tumblr blog titled Dr Dre Started Burning Man 152 153 began promulgating the notion that the producer rapper and entrepreneur had discovered Burning Man in 1995 during a music video shoot and offered to cover the cost of the event s permit from the Nevada Bureau of Land Management under an agreement with the festival s organizers that he could institute an entrance fee system which had not existed before his participation 154 155 This claim was supported by an alleged letter from Dre to Nicole Threatt Young that indicated that Dre had shared his experience witnessing the Burning Man festival with her 156 157 Business Insider mentions the portion of the letter where Dr Dre purportedly states someone should get behind this and make some money off these fools and compares Dr Dre s potential entrepreneurial engagement with Burning Man as a parallel to Steve Jobs efforts to centralize and profit from the otherwise unorganized online music industry 158 According to Salon Dr Dre s ethos seems to be aligned with seven of the ten principles of the Burning Man community radical self reliance radical self expression communal effort civic responsibility leaving no trace participation and immediacy 154 Musical influences and styleThe space about the size of a college dorm room is splattered with papers ideas scribbled down in black ink Nuthin but G thangs waiting to happen Those that don t happen end up in a round purple L A Lakers trash can A kitchen red and stainless steel like a 50s diner adjoins the control room Corey Moss of MTV News in a 2002 profile of Dr Dre with a visit to his studio 159 Production style Dre in 2011 Dre is noted for his evolving production style while always keeping in touch with his early musical sound and re shaping elements from previous work At the beginning of his career as a producer for the World Class Wreckin Cru with DJ Alonzo Williams in the mid 1980s his music was in the electro hop style pioneered by the Unknown DJ and that of early hip hop groups like the Beastie Boys and Whodini From Straight Outta Compton on Dre uses live musicians to replay old melodies rather than sampling them With Ruthless Records collaborators included guitarist Mike Crazy Neck Sims multi instrumentalist Colin Wolfe DJ Yella and sound engineer Donovan The Dirt Biker Sound Dre is receptive of new ideas from other producers one example being his fruitful collaboration with Above the Law s producer Cold 187um while at Ruthless Cold 187 um was at the time experimenting with 1970s P Funk samples Parliament Funkadelic Bootsy Collins George Clinton etc that Dre also used Dre has since been accused of stealing the concept of G funk from Cold 187 um 160 Upon leaving Ruthless and forming Death Row Records in 1991 Dre called on veteran West Coast DJ Chris the Glove Taylor and sound engineer Greg Gregski Royal along with Colin Wolfe to help him on future projects His 1992 album The Chronic is thought to be one of the most well produced hip hop albums of all time 161 162 163 Musical themes included hard hitting synthesizer solos played by Wolfe bass heavy compositions background female vocals and Dre fully embracing 1970s funk samples Dre used a minimoog synth to replay the melody from Leon Haywood s 1972 song I Wanna Do Somethin Freaky to You for the Chronic s first single Nuthin but a G Thang which became a global hit For his new protege Snoop Doggy Dogg s album Doggystyle Dre collaborated with then 19 year old producer Daz Dillinger who received co production credits on songs Serial Killa and For all My Niggaz amp Bitches The Dramatics bass player Tony T Money Green guitarist Ricky Rouse keyboardists Emanuel Porkchop Dean and Sean Barney Rubble Thomas and engineer Tommy Daugherty as well as Warren G and Sam Sneed who are credited with bringing several samples to the studio 164 The influence of The Chronic and Doggystyle on the popular music of the 1990s went not only far beyond the West Coast but beyond hip hop as a genre Artists as diverse as Master P Bout It Bout It George Michael Fastlove Mariah Carey Fantasy Adina Howard Freak Like Me Luis Miguel Dame and The Spice Girls Say You ll Be There used G funk instrumentation in their songs 165 166 Bad Boy Records producer Chucky Thompson stated in the April 2004 issue of XXL magazine that the sound of Doggystyle and The Chronic was the basis for the Notorious B I G s 1995 hit single Big Poppa At that time we were listening to Snoop s album We knew what was going on in the West through Dr Dre Big just knew the culture he knew what was going on with hip hop It was more than just New York it was all over 167 In 1994 starting with the Murder was the Case soundtrack Dre attempted to push the boundaries of G funk further into a darker sound In songs such as Murder was the Case and Natural Born Killaz the synthesizer pitch is higher and the drum tempo is slowed down to 91 BPM 168 87 BPM in the remix to create a dark and gritty atmosphere Percussion instruments particularly sleigh bells are also present Dre s frequent collaborators from this period included Pittsburgh Pennsylvania natives Stuart Stu B Doo Bullard a multi instrumentalist from the Ozanam Strings Orchestra 169 Sam Sneed Stephen Bud da Anderson 170 and percussionist Carl Butch Small This style of production has been influential far beyond the West Coast The beat for the Houston based group Geto Boys 1996 song Still follows the same drum pattern as Natural Born Killaz and Eazy E s Wut Would U Do a diss to Dre is similar to the original Murder was the Case instrumental This style of production is usually accompanied by horror and occult themed lyrics and imagery being crucial to the creation of horrorcore By 1996 Dre was again looking to innovate his sound He recruited keyboardist Camara Kambon to play the keys on Been There Done That and through Bud da and Sam Sneed he was introduced to fellow Pittsburgh native Melvin Mel Man Bradford At this time he also switched from using the E mu SP 1200 to the Akai MPC3000 drum kit and sampler which he still uses today Beginning with his 1996 compilation Dr Dre Presents the Aftermath Dre s production has taken a less sample based approach with loud layered snare drums dominating the mix while synthesizers are still omnipresent In his critically acclaimed second album 2001 live instrumentation takes the place of sampling a famous example being The Next Episode in which keyboardist Camara Kambon re played live the main melody from David McCallum s 1967 jazz funk work The Edge For every song on 2001 Dre had a keyboardist guitarist and bassist create the basic parts of the beat while he himself programmed the drums did the sequencing and overdubbing and added sound effects and later mixed the songs During this period Dre s signature west coast whistle riffs are still present albeit in a lower pitch as in Light Speed Housewife Some L A Niggaz and Eminem s Guilty Conscience hook The sound of 2001 had tremendous influence on hip hop production redefining the West Coast s sound and expanding the G funk of the early 1990s To produce the album Dre and Mel Man relied on the talents of Scott Storch and Camara Kambon on the keys Mike Elizondo and Colin Wolfe on bass guitar Sean Cruse on lead guitar and sound engineers Richard Segal Huredia and Mauricio Veto Iragorri 171 From the mid 2000s Dr Dre has taken on a more soulful production style using more of a classical piano instead of a keyboard and having claps replace snares as evidenced in songs such as Snoop Dogg s Imagine and Boss Life Busta Rhymes Get You Some and Been Through the Storm Stat Quo s Get Low and The Way It Be Jay Z s Lost One Nas Hustlers and several beats on Eminem s Relapse album Soul and R amp B pianist Mark Batson having previously worked with The Dave Matthews Band Seal and Maroon 5 has been credited as the architect of this sound Besides Batson Aftermath producer and understudy of Dre s Dawaun Parker who has named Q Tip and J Dilla as his primary influences is thought to be responsible for giving Dre s newest beats an East Coast feel 172 Despite an occasional hint of trap about the beats and an intriguingly warped use of autotune in his Compton album song Darkside Gone his production seems to stand slightly apart from current trends in hip hop like Eminem s song Little Engine with an ominous horrorcore beat reminiscent of some of his works on Eminem s album Relapse or the West Coast joint Lock It Up 173 174 Production equipment Dr Dre has said that his primary instrument in the studio is the Akai MPC3000 a drum machine and sampler and that he often uses as many as four or five to produce a single recording He cites 1970s funk musicians such as George Clinton Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield as his primary musical influences Unlike most rap producers he tries to avoid samples as much as possible preferring to have studio musicians re play pieces of music he wants to use because it allows him more flexibility to change the pieces in rhythm and tempo 175 In 2001 he told Time magazine I may hear something I like on an old record that may inspire me but I d rather use musicians to re create the sound or elaborate on it I can control it better 176 Other equipment he uses includes the E mu SP 1200 drum machine and other keyboards from such manufacturers as Korg Rhodes Wurlitzer Moog and Roland 177 Dr Dre also stresses the importance of equalizing drums properly telling Scratch in 2004 that he used the same drum sounds on a couple of different songs on one album before but you d never be able to tell the difference because of the EQ 175 Dr Dre also uses the digital audio workstation Pro Tools and uses the software to combine hardware drum machines and vintage analog keyboards and synthesizers 175 178 After founding Aftermath Entertainment in 1996 Dr Dre took on producer Mel Man as a co producer and his music took on a more synthesizer based sound using fewer vocal samples as he had used on Lil Ghetto Boy and Let Me Ride on The Chronic for example Mel Man has not shared co production credits with Dr Dre since approximately 2002 but fellow Aftermath producer Focus has credited Mel Man as a key architect of the signature Aftermath sound 179 In 1999 Dr Dre started working with Mike Elizondo a bassist guitarist and keyboardist who has also produced written and played on records for female singers such as Poe Fiona Apple and Alanis Morissette 180 In the past few years Elizondo has since worked for many of Dr Dre s productions 181 182 Dr Dre also told Scratch magazine in a 2004 interview that he has been studying piano and music theory formally and that a major goal is to accumulate enough musical theory to score movies In the same interview he stated that he has collaborated with famed 1960s songwriter Burt Bacharach by sending him hip hop beats to play over and hopes to have an in person collaboration with him in the future 175 Work ethic Dr Dre has stated that he is a perfectionist and is known to pressure the artists with whom he records to give flawless performances 175 In 2006 Snoop Dogg told the website Dubcnn com that Dr Dre had made new artist Bishop Lamont re record a single bar of vocals 107 times 183 Dr Dre has also stated that Eminem is a fellow perfectionist and attributes his success on Aftermath to his similar work ethic 175 He gives a lot of input into the delivery of the vocals and will stop an MC during a take if it is not to his liking 184 However he gives MCs that he works with room to write lyrics without too much instruction unless it is a specifically conceptual record as noted by Bishop Lamont in the book How to Rap 185 A consequence of his perfectionism is that some artists who initially sign deals with Dr Dre s Aftermath label never release albums In 2001 Aftermath released the soundtrack to the movie The Wash featuring a number of Aftermath acts such as Shaunta Daks Joe Beast and Toi To date none have released full length albums on Aftermath and have apparently ended their relationships with the label and Dr Dre Other noteworthy acts to leave Aftermath without releasing albums include King Tee 2001 vocalist Hittman Joell Ortiz Raekwon and Rakim 186 Collaborators and co producers Dr Dre performing with Snoop Dogg 2012 Over the years word of other collaborators who have contributed to Dr Dre s work has surfaced During his tenure at Death Row Records it was alleged that Dr Dre s stepbrother Warren G and Tha Dogg Pound member Daz made many uncredited contributions to songs on his solo album The Chronic and Snoop Doggy Dogg s album Doggystyle Daz received production credits on Snoop s similar sounding albeit less successful album Tha Doggfather after Young left Death Row Records 187 It is known that Scott Storch who has since gone on to become a successful producer in his own right contributed to Dr Dre s second album 2001 Storch is credited as a songwriter on several songs and played keyboards on several tracks In 2006 he told Rolling Stone At the time I saw Dr Dre desperately needed something Storch says He needed a fuel injection and Dr Dre utilized me as the nitrous oxide He threw me into the mix and I sort of tapped on a new flavor with my whole piano sound and the strings and orchestration So I d be on the keyboards and Mike Elizondo was on the bass guitar and Dr Dre was on the drum machine 188 Current collaborator Mike Elizondo when speaking about his work with Young describes their recording process as a collaborative effort involving several musicians In 2004 he claimed to Songwriter Universe magazine that he had written the foundations of the hit Eminem song The Real Slim Shady stating I initially played a bass line on the song and Dr Dre Tommy Coster Jr and I built the track from there Eminem then heard the track and he wrote the rap to it 182 This account is essentially confirmed by Eminem in his book Angry Blonde stating that the tune for the song was composed by a studio bassist and keyboardist while Dr Dre was out of the studio but Young later programmed the song s beat after returning 189 A group of disgruntled former associates of Dr Dre complained that they had not received their full due for work on the label in the September 2003 issue of The Source A producer named Neff U claimed to have produced the songs Say What You Say and My Dad s Gone Crazy on The Eminem Show the songs If I Can t and Back Down on 50 Cent s Get Rich or Die Tryin and the beat featured on Dr Dre s commercial for Coors beer 186 Although Young studies piano and music theory he serves as more of a conductor than a musician himself as Josh Tyrangiel of Time magazine has noted Every Dre track begins the same way with Dre behind a drum machine in a room full of trusted musicians They carry beepers When he wants to work they work He ll program a beat then ask the musicians to play along when Dre hears something he likes he isolates the player and tells him how to refine the sound My greatest talent Dre says is knowing exactly what I want to hear 176 Although Snoop Dogg retains working relationships with Warren G and Daz who are alleged to be uncredited contributors on the hit albums The Chronic and Doggystyle he states that Dr Dre is capable of making beats without the help of collaborators and that he is responsible for the success of his numerous albums 190 Dr Dre s prominent studio collaborators including Scott Storch Elizondo Mark Batson and Dawaun Parker have shared co writing instrumental and more recently co production credits on the songs where he is credited as the producer Anderson Paak also praised Dr Dre in a 2016 interview with Music Times telling the publication that it was a dream come true to work with Dre 191 Ghostwriters It is acknowledged that most of Dr Dre s raps are written for him by others though he retains ultimate control over his lyrics and the themes of his songs 192 As Aftermath producer Mahogany told Scratch It s like a class room in the booth He ll have three writers in there They ll bring in something he ll recite it then he ll say Change this line change this word like he s grading papers 193 As seen in the credits for tracks Young has appeared on there are often multiple people who contribute to his songs although often in hip hop many people are officially credited as a writer for a song even the producer In the book How to Rap RBX explains that writing The Chronic was a team effort 194 and details how he ghostwrote Let Me Ride for Dre 194 In regard to ghostwriting lyrics he says Dre doesn t profess to be no super duper rap dude Dre is a super duper producer 194 As a member of N W A the D O C wrote lyrics for him while he stuck with producing 21 Jay Z ghostwrote lyrics for the single Still D R E from Dr Dre s album 2001 42 Personal lifeOn December 15 1981 when Dre was 16 years old and his then girlfriend Cassandra Joy Greene was 15 years old the two had a son named Curtis who was brought up by Greene and first met Dre 20 years later 195 Curtis performed as a rapper under the name Hood Surgeon 196 In 1983 Dre and Lisa Johnson had a daughter named La Tanya Danielle Young 197 198 Dre and Johnson have three daughters together 199 In 1988 Dre and Jenita Porter had a son named Andre Young Jr In 1990 Porter sued Dre seeking 5 000 of child support per month 200 On August 23 2008 Andre died at the age of 20 from an overdose of heroin and morphine 201 at his mother s Woodland Hills home 200 From 1987 to 1996 Dre dated singer Michel le who frequently contributed vocals to Ruthless Records and Death Row Records albums 202 In 1991 they had a son named Marcel 203 204 In April 1992 after a verbal dispute with his engineer Dre was consequentially shot four times in his leg 205 In 1996 Dre married Nicole nee Plotzker Threatt who was previously married to basketball player Sedale Threatt 206 198 They have two children together a son named Truice born 1997 and a daughter named Truly born 2001 207 In 2001 Dre earned a total of about US 52 million from selling part of his share of Aftermath Entertainment to Interscope Records and his production of such hit songs that year as Family Affair by Mary J Blige Rolling Stone magazine thus named him the second highest paid artist of the year 52 Dr Dre was ranked 44th in 2004 from earnings of 11 4 million primarily from production royalties from such projects as albums from G Unit and D12 and the single Rich Girl by singer Gwen Stefani and rapper Eve 208 Forbes estimated his net worth at US 270 million in 2012 209 The same publication later reported that he acquired US 110 million via his various endeavors in 2012 making him the highest paid artist of the year 210 Income from the 2014 sale of Beats to Apple contributing to what Forbes termed the biggest single year payday of any musician in history made Dr Dre the world s richest musical performer of 2015 211 In 2014 Dre purchased a 40 million home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles from its previous owners NFL player Tom Brady and supermodel Gisele Bundchen 212 It was reported that Dre suffered a brain aneurysm on January 5 2021 213 and that he was admitted to Cedars Sinai Medical Center s ICU in Los Angeles California 214 Hours after his admission to the hospital Dre s home was targeted for an attempted burglary 215 He eventually received support from LeBron James Martin Lawrence LL Cool J Missy Elliott Snoop Dogg Ice Cube 50 Cent Ellen DeGeneres Ciara her husband Russell Wilson T I Quincy Jones and others 216 217 In February he was released with a following message on Instagram Thanks to my family friends and fans for their interest and well wishes I m doing great and getting excellent care from my medical team I will be out of the hospital and back home soon Shout out to all the great medical professionals at Cedars One Love 218 219 Controversies and legal issuesViolence against women Dre has been accused of multiple incidents of violence against women 220 221 222 223 On January 27 1991 at a music industry party at the Po Na Na Souk club in Hollywood Dr Dre assaulted television host Dee Barnes of the Fox television program Pump it Up following an episode of the show Barnes had interviewed NWA which was followed by an interview with Ice Cube in which Cube mocked NWA 224 Barnes filed a 22 7 million lawsuit in response to the incident 225 Subsequently Dr Dre was fined 2 500 given two years probation ordered to undergo 240 hours of community service and given a spot on an anti violence public service announcement on television 226 227 The civil suit was settled out of court 228 Barnes stated that he began slamming her face and the right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway Dr Dre later commented People talk all this shit but you know somebody fucks with me I m gonna fuck with them I just did it you know Ain t nothing you can do now by talking about it Besides it ain t no big thing I just threw her through a door 220 In March 2015 Michel le the mother of one of Dre s children accused him of subjecting her to domestic violence during their time together as a couple but did not initiate legal action 229 230 Their abusive relationship is portrayed in her 2016 biopic Surviving Compton Dre Suge amp Michel le 231 232 Dre threatened a lawsuit against Lifetime Sony Pictures and filmmakers of Surviving Compton in a cease and desist but never ultimately took action 233 234 Interviewed by Ben Westhoff for the book Original Gangstas the Untold Story of Dr Dre Eazy E Ice Cube Tupac Shakur and the Birth of West Coast Rap Lisa Johnson stated that Dre beat her many times including while she was pregnant 197 She was granted a restraining order against him 235 Former labelmate Tairrie B claimed that Dre assaulted her at a post Grammy party in 1990 in response to her track Ruthless Bitch 236 During press for the 2015 film Straight Outta Compton questions about the portrayal and behavior of Dre and other prominent figures in the rap community about violence against women and the question about its absence in the film were raised 237 The discussion about the film led to Dre addressing his past behavior in the press In August 2015 in an interview with Rolling Stone 238 Dre lamented his abusive past saying I made some fucking horrible mistakes in my life I was young fucking stupid I would say all the allegations aren t true some of them are Those are some of the things that I would like to take back It was really fucked up But I paid for those mistakes and there s no way in hell that I will ever make another mistake like that again 115 239 In a statement to The New York Times on August 21 2015 exactly two weeks after his album Compton was released Dre again addressed his abusive past stating 25 years ago I was a young man drinking too much and in over my head with no real structure in my life However none of this is an excuse for what I did I ve been married for 19 years and every day I m working to be a better man for my family seeking guidance along the way I m doing everything I can so I never resemble that man again I apologize to the women I ve hurt I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives 237 In the 2017 film The Defiant Ones Dr Dre explained about the Dee Barnes incident again This was a very low point in my life I ve done a lot of stupid shit in my life A lot of things I wish I could go and take back I ve experienced abuse I ve watched my mother get abused So there s absolutely no excuse for it No woman should ever be treated that way Any man that puts his hands on a female is a fucking idiot He s out of his fucking mind and I was out of my fucking mind at the time I fucked up I paid for it I m sorry for it and I apologize for it I have this dark cloud that follows me and it s going to be attached to me forever It s a major blemish on who I am as a man 240 Second divorce Dre s wife Nicole Plotzker Young filed for divorce in June 2020 citing irreconcilable differences 241 242 243 In November 2020 she filed legal claims that Dre engaged in verbal violence and infidelity during their marriage 244 245 She also stated that he tore up their prenuptial agreement that he wanted her to sign out of anger 246 Dre s representative responded calling her claims of infidelity and violence in their marriage false 247 Before being released from the Cedar Sinai Medical Center he was ordered to pay Plotzker Young 2 million in temporary spousal support 248 Between the spring and summer of the year Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles County judge to pay his ex wife over 300 000 a month in spousal support 249 The 2 million extension request was also dismissed due to insufficient claims 250 In July 2021 Dr Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles Superior Court Judge to pay an additional 293 306 a month to estranged wife in spousal support starting August 1 until she decides to remarry or further order of the Court 251 Then in August the judge denied his wife s request for a protective order due to her being afraid of Dre after a snippet leaked on Instagram of him rapping about the divorce proceedings and his possible brain aneurysm earlier that February in this snippet he called his wife a greedy bitch 252 253 254 In mid October Dr Dre was served more divorce papers during his grandmother s funeral 255 256 That same month Dre was officially deemed single by the judge 257 The financial owings in this case included expenses of Dre s Malibu Palisades and Hollywood Hills homes but not his stock in past ownership of Beats Electronics prior to its sale to Apple in 2014 258 259 As of December 2021 the divorce proceedings have entered its final stages 260 On December 28 the divorce was settled with Dre keeping most of his assets and income due to the prenuptial agreement although he would have to pay a 9 figure settlement within one year 261 Other On June 28 1992 hours before midnight a barbecue grill and an overfill of charcoal caused Dre s Calabasas mansion to set on fire 262 Two firefighters who exhausted the fire were treated in the hospital for minor injuries 263 The fire caused over 125 000 in home damages Dre pleaded guilty in October 1992 in a case of battery of a police officer and was convicted on two additional battery counts stemming from a brawl in the lobby of the New Orleans hotel in May 1991 264 In 1993 he was convicted of battery after an altercation with a man who stood outside the front porch of his Woodland Hills home in front of the musician s girlfriend He claimed that Dre broke his jaw as a result 265 On January 10 1994 Dre was arrested after leading police on a 90 mph pursuit through Beverly Hills in his 1987 Ferrari It was revealed that Dr Dre had a blood alcohol of 0 16 twice the state of California s legal limit The conviction violated the conditions of parole following Dre s battery conviction in 1993 he plead no contest and was sentenced to eight months in prison in September 1994 266 He was ordered to pay a 1 053 fine and attend an alcohol education program 267 268 On October 30 2015 Ruthless co founder Jerry Heller filed suit against Dre Ice Cube Eazy E s widow Tomica Woods Wright director F Gary Gray and Universal Pictures for defamation of character and copyright infringement over the biopic Straight Outta Compton The lawsuit states that depictions of Heller in the film portrayed by Paul Giamatti were wrongfully taken from an autobiography he wrote about his involvement with Ruthless and N W A 269 270 The case was taken to court in June 2016 where a judge criticized the filing saying that the film was approved to portray these facts in colorful and hyperbolic terms 271 On September 2 2016 Jerry Heller died of a car accident preceded by a heart attack 272 However his lawsuit kept on through his legal team and members of his estate 273 In October 2018 the lawsuit was dropped costing Heller s estate 35 million for punitive and 75 million for compensatory damages 274 On April 4 2016 TMZ and the New York Daily News reported that Suge Knight had accused Dre and the Los Angeles Sheriff s Department of a kill for hire plot in the 2014 shooting of Knight in club 1 OAK 275 276 Three months later in July Dre was reportedly detained by police after confronting a next door neighbor in Malibu about a test drive 277 It was also alleged that he brandished a handgun on the neighbor but no evidence would be linked and Dre was soon released 278 On May 8 2018 Dre lost a name trademark filing to a Pennsylvania gynecologist named Draion Burch who previously filed a trademark petition in 2015 to use his nickname Dr Drai which has the similar pronunciation 279 Then on June 26 Dre and Jimmy Iovine were ordered to pay 25 million to former partner and creative designer Steven Lamar who sued the two co founders for 100 million in unpaid royalties for designing the early Beats headphone models 280 The lawsuit was filed in 2015 after news broke out of Apple s acquisition of the headphone brand a year prior 281 282 In August 2021 Dr Dre s oldest daughter LaTanya Young spoke out about being homeless and unable to support her four children She is currently working for UberEats and DoorDash and she also works at warehouse jobs She is living in debt in her SUV while her children are living with friends Dr Dre has allegedly stopped supporting LaTanya financially since January 2020 because she has spoken about him in the press 283 284 DiscographyMain articles Dr Dre discography and production discography Studio albums The Chronic 1992 2001 1999 Compton 2015 Soundtrack albums Deep Cover 1992 The Wash 2001 Collaboration albums with World Class Wreckin Cru World Class 1985 Rapped in Romance 1986 with N W A N W A and the Posse 1987 Straight Outta Compton 1988 100 Miles and Runnin 1990 Niggaz4Life 1991 Awards and nominationsBET Hip Hop Awards Year Nominee work Award Result2014 Himself Hustler of the Year Won2015 Nominated2016 285 Producer of the Year NominatedCompton Album of the Year NominatedGrammy Awards Dr Dre has won seven Grammy Awards Three of them are for his production work 286 287 288 Year Nominee work Award Result1990 We re All in the Same Gang Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated1994 Nuthin but a G Thang with Snoop Doggy Dogg Nominated Let Me Ride Best Rap Solo Performance Won1996 Keep Their Heads Ringin Nominated1997 California Love with 2Pac amp Roger Troutman Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated1998 No Diggity with Blackstreet amp Queen Pen Best R amp B Song Nominated2000 Still D R E with Snoop Dogg Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated Guilty Conscience with Eminem Nominated2001 Forgot About Dre with Eminem Won The Next Episode with Snoop Dogg Kurupt amp Nate Dogg NominatedThe Marshall Mathers LP as engineer Album of the Year NominatedBest Rap Album Won2001 NominatedHimself Producer of the Year Non Classical Won2002 Nominated2003 Nominated Knoc with Knoc turn al amp Missy Elliott Best Music Video Short Form NominatedThe Eminem Show as producer Album of the Year Nominated2004 In da Club as songwriter Best Rap Song Nominated2006 Love Angel Music Baby as producer Album of the Year Nominated Encore with Eminem amp 50 Cent Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated2010 Crack a Bottle with Eminem amp 50 Cent WonRelapse as engineer Best Rap Album Won2011 Recovery as producer Album of the Year Nominated2012 I Need a Doctor with Eminem amp Skylar Grey Best Rap Sung Collaboration NominatedBest Rap Song Nominated2014 good kid m A A d city as featured artist Album of the Year Nominated2016 Compton Best Rap Album Nominated2017 Straight Outta Compton Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media NominatedMTV Video Music Awards Year Nominated work Award Result1993 Nuthin But a G Thang Best Rap Video Nominated1994 Let Me Ride Nominated1995 Keep Their Heads Ringin Won1997 Been There Done That NominatedBest Choreography in a Video Nominated1999 My Name Is Best Direction Nominated Guilty Conscience Breakthrough Video Nominated2000 The Real Slim Shady Best Direction in a Video Nominated2000 Forgot About Dre Best Rap Video Won2001 Stan Best Direction in a Video Nominated2009 Nuthin But a G Thang Best Video That Should Have Won a Moonman NominatedPrimetime Emmy Awards Year Nominee work Award Result2022 The Pepsi Super Bowl LVI Halftime Show Outstanding Variety Special Live WonFilmographyFilms Year Title Role Notes1992 Niggaz4Life The Only Home Video Himself Documentary1996 Set It Off Black Sam Minor role1999 Whiteboyz Don Flip Crew 1 Minor role2000 Up in Smoke Tour Himself Concert film2001 Training Day Paul Minor role2001 The Wash Sean Main role2015 Unity 289 Narrator Documentary2017 The Defiant Ones 290 Himself DocumentaryVideo games Year Title Role Notes2005 50 Cent Bulletproof Grizz Voice role and likeness2020 Grand Theft Auto Online The Cayo Perico Heist 291 Himself Voice role and likeness cameo2021 Grand Theft Auto Online The Contract 292 Voice role and likeness update also features new music created by Dre for the gameBiographical portrayals in film Year Title Portrayed by Notes2015 Straight Outta Compton Corey Hawkins Biographical film about N W A2016 Surviving Compton Dre Suge amp Michel le Chris Hamilton Biographical film about Michel le2017 All Eyez on Me Harold Moore 293 Biographical film about Tupac ShakurReferences Dr Dre I apologize to the women I ve hurt CBS News Retrieved December 29 2021 Ro 2007 p 1 Naoreen Nuzhat February 15 2013 Monitor Feb 22 2013 Entertainment Weekly Retrieved January 13 2020 Ro 2007 pp 6 8 25 Ro 2007 p 9 Westhoff Ben 2016 Original Gangstas Tupac Shakur Dr Dre Eazy E Ice Cube and the Birth of West Coast Rap e book New York Hachette Book Group p 21 ISBN 9780316344869 OCLC 964683937 Ro Ronin November 1992 Moving Target The Source No 38 pp 38 44 Retrieved January 13 2020 Ro 2007 p 10 Kenyatta 2001 p 14 Ro 2007 p 2 Ro 2007 pp 18 19 Kenyatta 2001 p 15 Ro 2007 p 14 Williams Justin A July 10 2012 Dr Dre Young Andre Romelle Grove Music Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article A2224243 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 Retrieved January 13 2020 Ro 2007 p 23 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Concrete Roots gt Overview AllMusic Retrieved December 30 2021 Ro 2007 p 26 Kenyatta 2001 pp 14 15 Ro 2007 p 17 a b c d e f g h Erlewine Stephen Thomas 2016 Dr Dre Biography AllMusic Retrieved December 30 2021 a b c d Q amp A w The D O C From Ruthless to Death Row ThaFormula com 2004 Archived from the original on April 9 2010 Concrete Roots Dr Dre Songs Reviews Credits AllMusic Retrieved January 13 2020 Huey Steve The Chronic Overview AllMusic Retrieved September 22 2007 a b c d Gold amp Platinum Dr Dre Recording Industry Association of America Archived from the original on December 31 2015 Retrieved April 4 2013 Dr Dre Grammy Awards AllMusic Retrieved February 17 2008 Holden Stephen January 14 1994 The Pop Life The New York Times Retrieved March 3 2008 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Doggystyle Overview AllMusic Retrieved February 15 2008 Dr Dre Awards AllMusic Retrieved January 1 2009 Bone Broken 2Pac Takes Over At No 1 Billboard Vol 108 no 28 July 1996 p 118 ISSN 0006 2510 Retrieved April 11 2013 Huey Steve 2003 Suge Knight Biography AllMusic Retrieved February 17 2008 Huey Steve Blackstreet Biography AllMusic Retrieved April 11 2013 Arnold Paul W May 27 2010 Danny Boy Tells All About Death Row Years Part Two HipHopDX Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved April 11 2013 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Dr Dre Presents The Aftermath Overview AllMusic Retrieved February 17 2008 Dana Carvey Dr Dre Saturday Night Live Episode 22 4 October 26 1996 NBC Archived from the original on March 29 2008 Birchmeier Jason The Firm Biography AllMusic Retrieved September 22 2007 Tsiolis v Interscope Records Inc 946 F Supp 1344 1349 N D III 1996 Henderson Alex First Round Knock Out gt Overview AllMusic Retrieved June 26 2008 a b Ankeny Jason Torreano Bradley 2006 Eminem Biography AllMusic Retrieved September 22 2007 The Slim Shady LP Eminem Awards AllMusic Retrieved April 11 2013 Adaso Henry Biography Dr Dre About com Archived from the original on March 26 2013 a b Erlewine Stephen Thomas 1999 2001 Overview AllMusic Retrieved February 17 2008 a b Gill John October 13 1999 Dr Dre Changes Album Title Again MTV News Archived from the original on January 23 2000 Retrieved December 28 2021 Dr Dre Billboard Albums AllMusic Retrieved September 22 2007 Norm Macdonald Dr Dre Saturday Night Live Episode 24 3 October 23 1999 NBC Archived from the original on March 7 2008 Pareles Jon July 17 2000 Four Hours Of Swagger From Dr Dre And Friends Slate Retrieved June 3 2022 Johnson Tina April 19 2000 Dr Dre Sued By Lucasfilm MTV News Archived from the original on May 10 2000 Retrieved June 3 2022 Moss Corey May 7 2003 Jury Orders Dr Dre To Pay 1 5 Million For Copyright Infringement MTV News Archived from the original on June 1 2003 Retrieved December 28 2021 Dansby Andrew April 3 2002 Composer Addresses Eminem Suit Rolling Stone Retrieved June 3 2022 Eminem sued by jazz star BBC News March 31 2002 Retrieved May 8 2018 Napster settles suits CNN Money July 12 2001 Archived from the original on February 10 2002 Retrieved December 28 2021 Eminem Bounces Britney From Top Spot Rolling Stone May 31 2000 Archived from the original on May 3 2008 a b LaFranco Robert Binelli Mark Goodman Fred June 13 2002 U2 Dre Highest Earning Artists Rolling Stone Archived from the original on February 22 2008 Moss Corey Gottlieb Meredith March 15 2001 Eve Gwen Stefani Bust Loose In Video MTV News Archived from the original on October 27 2001 Retrieved December 28 2021 Reid Shaheem April 9 2002 Truth Hurts You Hear It First MTV News Archived from the original on April 11 2002 Retrieved June 26 2008 Reeves Mosi June 29 2017 25 Greatest Songs Produced by Dr Dre and Jimmy Iovine Rolling Stone Retrieved July 25 2020 Kellman Andy n d Bilal AllMusic Retrieved July 20 2020 Gray Arielle November 26 2018 Bilal Brings Creative Resistance To The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum The ARTery WBUR Retrieved July 20 2020 Kaufman Gil February 4 2003 Judge Rules Truth Hurts Album Must Be Pulled Or Stickered MTV News Archived from the original on February 16 2003 Retrieved December 28 2021 Birchmeier Jason September 11 2007 50 Cent Biography AllMusic Retrieved May 24 2008 Moss Corey November 16 2004 Warrant Issued For Young Buck In Vibe Awards Stabbing MTV News Archived from the original on November 19 2004 Retrieved December 28 2021 Smith Pam November 27 2006 Dr Dre Puncher Snitches On Suge Knight SOHH Archived from the original on November 27 2006 Retrieved July 2 2008 Why the Lingering Hate ThugLifeArmy com January 5 2005 Retrieved July 2 2008 Kaufman Gil September 15 2005 Dr Dre Attacker Sentenced To One Year In Jail MTV News Archived from the original on November 29 2005 Retrieved December 28 2021 Koerner Brendan I March 10 2005 The Game Is Up Why Dr Dre s proteges always top the charts Slate Archived from the original on November 28 2005 Retrieved May 24 2008 West Kanye April 21 2005 The Immortals The Greatest Artists of All Time 54 Dr Dre Rolling Stone Archived from the original on June 10 2010 Retrieved June 5 2010 Reid Shaheem November 8 2006 Raekwon Partners With Dr Dre for Cuban Linx Sequel MTV News Archived from the original on September 19 2007 Retrieved December 28 2021 Jeffries David November 28 2006 Buck the World Overview AllMusic Retrieved May 26 2008 Reid Shaheem Rodriguez Jayson August 30 2007 50 Cent Album Preview Eminem Dr Dre Help Curtis Keep It Funky MTV News Archived from the original on October 1 2007 Retrieved December 28 2021 Hoard Christian November 27 2006 Snoop Dogg Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Rolling Stone Archived from the original on April 17 2008 J 23 November 7 2006 Dr Dre amp Just Blaze Dominate Kingdom Come HipHopDX com Archived from the original on January 5 2009 Retrieved July 9 2008 Petridis Alexis March 30 2007 Timbaland Shock Value The Guardian London Archived from the original on October 19 2007 Retrieved December 28 2021 Nima December 2006 The D O C Interview December 2006 dubcnn com Retrieved January 31 2013 Kiser Chad April 2008 The D O C Interview Part 1 April 2008 dubcnn com Retrieved January 31 2013 Moss Corey April 24 2002 N W A May Still Have Attitude But They Don t Have An Album MTV News Archived from the original on October 4 2003 Retrieved December 28 2021 Crosley Hillary September 21 2007 Dr Dre Detox To Be My Last Album Billboard Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved December 28 2021 a b Moss Corey April 3 2002 Dr Dre s Final Album Will Be Hip Hop Musical MTV News Retrieved April 28 2008 Wiederhorn Jon January 29 2004 Dr Dre s Detox The Most Advanced Rap Album Ever Co Producer Says MTV News Archived from the original on December 5 2004 Retrieved December 28 2021 Reid Shaheem November 3 2004 Dr Dre Gets His Groove Back Revives Plans For Detox LP MTV News Archived from the original on November 6 2004 Retrieved December 28 2021 Kaufman Gil February 29 2008 Focus Is Busy With Eminem Dr Dre Albums And A Free One Of His Own MTV News Archived from the original on March 4 2008 Retrieved December 28 2021 Johnson Dick July 24 2006 Scratch Magazine Covers Dr Dre s Detox SOHH Archived from the original on June 21 2007 Retrieved August 9 2007 Crosley Hillary January 5 2007 Rotem Rolling with Dr Dre 50 Cent Billboard Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved December 28 2021 Roland MV 8800 Production Studio Rolandus com Retrieved March 7 2015 Shake November 1 2006 Jay Talks Dre Detox and Beyonce HipHopDX Archived from the original on August 19 2007 Retrieved August 9 2007 Kreps Daniel June 26 2008 Snoop Dogg Snoop Dogg Confirms Dr Dre s Detox is Finished Rolling Stone Archived from the original on August 1 2008 Reid Shaheem December 5 2008 New Eminem Song Number One Apparently Produced By Dr Dre Drops On Mixtape MTV News Archived from the original on December 7 2008 Retrieved December 28 2021 Cohen Jonathan December 12 2008 Exclusive Eminem Talks New Album Book Billboard Archived from the original on December 16 2008 Retrieved December 28 2021 a b Concepcion Mariel May 29 2009 Dr Dre Debut Detox in Dr Pepper Ad Billboard Archived from the original on June 11 2009 Retrieved December 28 2021 a b Interscope Records June 2 2009 Dr Dre and Dr Pepper YouTube Retrieved December 28 2021 Reid Shaheem May 28 2009 50 Cent Eminem On Relationship With Dr Dre We Understand Our Positions MTV News Archived from the original on May 31 2009 Retrieved June 3 2022 Reid Shaheem December 16 2008 Dr Dre Raps On Leaked Remix Of Kardinal Offishall s Set It Off MTV News Archived from the original on July 20 2009 Retrieved December 28 2021 Eminem s Bottle breaks download record Reuters February 12 2009 Archived from the original on February 16 2009 Retrieved December 28 2021 Pietroluongo Silvio February 11 2009 Eminem s Bottle Breaks Digital Record Billboard Retrieved June 5 2010 Reid Shaheem April 5 2010 Dr Dre Announces Jay Z Collabo Under Pressure MTV News Archived from the original on April 9 2010 Retrieved December 28 2021 n April 19 2010 Scott Storch Produces Dre s Under Pressure Rap Basement Retrieved March 7 2015 Reid Shaheem June 16 2010 Dr Dre s Under Pressure Featuring Jay Z Leaks Online Music Celebrity Artist News MTV Retrieved October 10 2010 Kuperstein Slava September 27 2010 Dr Dre Says Under Pressure amp Other Leaked Detox Tracks Won t Make Album HipHopDX Cheri Media Group Archived from the original on October 22 2012 Retrieved April 11 2013 Kush feat Snoop Dogg amp Akon Single by Dr Dre iTunes Store Apple January 2010 Retrieved April 11 2013 I Need a Doctor feat Eminem amp Skylar Grey Single by Dr Dre iTunes Store Apple February 2011 Retrieved April 11 2013 ARIA Charts Accreditations 2011 Singles Australian Recording Industry Association Archived from the original on May 15 2011 Retrieved April 11 2013 Mitchell Gail June 2 2010 Dr Dre To Be Honored By ASCAP Billboard Retrieved June 5 2010 Founders Award Dr Dre American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers Archived from the original on October 16 2012 Retrieved September 7 2012 Barrow Jerry August 3 2010 Dr Dre Talks The Detox Wait Under Pressure Frustration And Instrumental Album Vibe Retrieved August 5 2010 Eminem And Jay Z We re Live From Detroit Rapfix mtv com Archived from the original on March 11 2012 Retrieved September 20 2010 Harling Danielle November 14 2011 Dr Dre Says After 27 Years Of Working On Music He s Taking A Break HipHop DX Archived from the original on February 19 2012 Retrieved March 30 2012 Coachella 2012 Full lineup revealed Dr Dre Radiohead headline Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on January 11 2012 Retrieved December 28 2021 Marsha Ambrosius Talks Visual Album Detox amp Kanye West YouTube June 19 2014 Archived from the original on December 11 2021 Dawaun Parker Talks Detox YouTube September 17 2014 Archived from the original on December 11 2021 Vasquez Andrez October 25 2011 Snoop Dogg DJ Quik The D O C amp Others Team Up For Dr Dre s Detox HipHopDX Cheri Media Group Archived from the original on August 27 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 a b Muhammad Latifah June 22 2012 7 Reasons Why Dr Dre s Detox Will Never Drop Hip Hop Wired Retrieved April 11 2013 a b 3 Dr Dre Detox 50 Unreleased Albums We d Kill To Hear Complex Complex Media August 8 2012 Retrieved April 11 2013 Vasquez Andrez March 20 2012 DJ Quik Does Not Believe Dr Dre Will Ever Release Detox Says Dre Is Professional But Mean In Studio HipHopDX Cheri Media Group Archived from the original on December 5 2014 Retrieved April 11 2013 Horowitz Steven J January 19 2012 Game Says Dr Dre Will Never Release Detox HipHopDX Cheri Media Group Archived from the original on March 13 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 Dr Dre Announces Final Album Compton BallerStatus com August 1 2015 HipHopDX August 1 2015 Dr Dre Compton A Soundtrack By Dr Dre Release Date Cover Art amp Tracklist HipHopDX a b Dr Dre opens about Detox abuse allegations amp social anxiety in Rolling Stone Rap Up August 12 2015 Archived from the original on August 15 2015 Retrieved August 19 2015 a b Pallota Frank February 12 2016 Dr Dre to star in autobiographical series Money CNN Retrieved February 12 2016 Benner Katie February 12 2016 Apple and Dr Dre Are Said to Be Planning an Original TV Show The New York Times Kreps Daniel September 24 2018 Dr Dre s Apple Music Series Vital Signs Shelved Due to Graphic Content Rolling Stone Retrieved June 14 2019 Winslow Mike October 5 2016 Puff Daddy brings out Dr Dre on last day of tour Allhiphop Retrieved October 5 2016 Rowley Glenn December 8 2021 Dr Dre Set to Release New Music Through Grand Theft Auto Billboard Retrieved December 8 2021 Schube Will February 3 2022 Listen To Dr Dre s New EP From Grand Theft Auto The Contract UDiscoverMusic Retrieved February 3 2021 Dr Dre announces new album with Marsha Ambrosius HiphopDX December 13 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 Dr Dre Says He Is Working on Mary J Blige s New Album Rap Up Retrieved February 23 2022 Dr Dre says he made 247 songs throughout the pandemic NME July 2 2022 Snoop Dogg Dr Dre Reteam for Upcoming Album Missionary Rolling Stone October 2022 Garvey Marianne Super Bowl LVI Halftime Show set to be a 90s lovefest CNN Retrieved February 20 2022 Lipshutz Jason February 14 2022 50 Cent Makes Surprise In Da Club Performance During 2022 Super Bowl Halftime Show Billboard Archived from the original on February 14 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 Rice Lynette September 4 2022 The Pepsi Super Bowl LVI Halftime Show Makes History Wins Emmy For Outstanding Variety Special Deadline Retrieved September 4 2022 The 2022 Super Bowl Halftime Show Earns 5 Emmy Nominations NBC Insider Official Site July 12 2022 Retrieved July 14 2022 Grein Paul September 4 2022 Super Bowl Halftime Show Adele The Beatles Get Back amp Other Big Winners at 2022 Creative Arts Emmys Billboard Retrieved September 4 2022 DJ Khaled Unveils Behind The Scenes Use This Gospel Video with Ye amp Dr Dre HNHH August 28 2022 DJ Khaled Shares Behind The Scenes Video of Dr Dre amp Kanye West Working on Use This Gospel August 28 2022 Animated Series Death for Hire in the Works from Ice T NWA s Arabian Prince amp Tommy the Animator Based on Graphic Novel Dr Dre Behind Original Score September 8 2022 Set It Off 1996 Full Cast amp Crew IMDb Retrieved March 7 2015 Birchmeier Jason 2001 The Wash Overview AllMusic Retrieved April 28 2008 Dr Dre To Produce Films for New Line IllHill com February 9 2007 Archived from the original on September 17 2008 Retrieved February 10 2007 Rosenberg Adam May 3 2010 N W A Biopic Straight Outta Compton In The Works MTV News Retrieved June 5 2010 Apple to Acquire Beats Music amp Beats Electronics Apple Newsroom Retrieved August 2 2022 Products Archived from the original on January 2 2010 Retrieved November 11 2009 Sandoval Greg August 11 2009 HP Dr Dre plan new digital music ecosystem CNET Retrieved January 1 2018 Mitroff Sarah Beats Music review Music streaming done right CNET Retrieved August 2 2022 Trotman Andrew May 28 2014 Apple agrees deal to buy Dr Dre s Beats headphones firm for 3bn The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on May 29 2014 Retrieved December 28 2021 Dr Dre s Apple deal will make him the richest man in hip hop The Guardian May 9 2014 Adegoke Yinka May 28 2014 Apple Buys Beats for 3 Billion Dr Dre Jimmy Iovine Join Executive Team Billboard Retrieved December 28 2021 Newman Jason June 2 2014 Watch Dr Dre Get Awkwardly Introduced as a New Apple Employee Rolling Stone Sinha Roy Piya August 21 2015 Apple defends Dr Dre after he apologies to women I ve hurt Reuters Retrieved December 28 2021 Apple said in a statement to Reuters After working with him for a year and a half we have every reason to believe that he has changed Dr Dre Lost 200 Million From His Apple Beats Deal From Social Media Video New Book Reveals BET Retrieved August 2 2022 Wortham Jenna May 14 2013 Two Musical Minds Seek a Different Kind of Mogul The New York Times Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Barker Andrew June 15 2017 Dr Dre Donates 10 Million for Compton High School Performing Arts Center Variety Retrieved August 9 2018 a b Dr Dre Adforum com Retrieved December 28 2021 Vijayenthiran Viknesh June 6 2011 Dr Dre stars in new 2012 Chrysler 300s commercial Video Motor Authority Archived from the original on June 9 2011 Retrieved December 28 2021 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Interview Part 1 West Coast News Network July 2006 Retrieved October 8 2006 Edwards 2009 pp 285 286 Edwards 2009 pp 234 235 a b Before amp Aftermath The Source No 168 September 2003 pp 100 102 Archived from the original on April 1 2008 Retrieved February 16 2008 Tha Dogg Pound 2005 DPG Eulogy DVD Innovative Distribution Network Retrieved April 27 2008 Toure June 29 2006 Scott Storch s Outrageous Fortune Rolling Stone Archived from the original on April 19 2008 Retrieved December 28 2021 Eminem 2000 Angry Blonde New York City Regan Books p 107 ISBN 0 06 620922 6 Snoop Dogg Interview Part 4 West Coast News Network July 2006 Retrieved October 8 2006 Anderson Paak Talks Malibu Working with Dr Dre Growth and More Q amp A Music Times January 15 2016 Retrieved February 17 2016 Edwards 2009 p 229 Barrow Jerry L Basch Josephine Blanco Alvin Golianopolous Thomas September October 2006 The Legend of Detox Scratch a b c Edwards 2009 p MC Ro 2007 p 11 Ro 2007 p 19 a b Beats By Dre Original Gangstas Author Uncovers More Dr Dre Abuse Hit Pregnant Woman Hip Hop Wired December 12 2016 a b Cowie Del F November 26 2019 Dr Dre The Pioneer Exclaim Retrieved January 13 2020 Thornton Cedric August 5 2021 Dr Dre s Eldest Daughter Says She is Homeless Living In a Car and Delivering DoorDash Black Enterprise Retrieved December 28 2021 a b Blankstein Andrew Lee Chris August 26 2008 Son of rap producer Dr Dre found dead Andre Young Jr was 20 Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 30 2021 Retrieved September 1 2008 Lee Ken January 2 2009 Coroner Dr Dre s Son Died From Overdose of Heroin and Morphine People Porter Lauren October 14 2016 Before Surviving Compton 6 Things To About Michel le Dr Dre And Suge Knight s Relationship Essence Retrieved December 5 2020 McDonald Soraya Nadia August 20 2015 Michel le was more than a battered girlfriend She was instrumental to Dr Dre s success The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved December 5 2020 Ro 2007 p 53 Guerrasio Jason Dr Dre s alleged assault on a woman was in the Straight Outta Compton script but it got cut Business Insider Retrieved August 2 2022 Ro 2007 p 145 Ro 2007 pp 156 204 LaFranco Robert February 10 2005 Money Makers Rolling Stone Archived from the original on April 2 2008 The Forbes Five Hip Hop s Wealthiest Artists Forbes Retrieved March 7 2015 Horowitz Steven J November 29 2012 Dr Dre Named Forbes Highest Paid Musician Of 2012 HipHopDX Cheri Media Group Archived from the original on April 8 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 Greenburg Zack O Malley March 26 2015 World s 30 Highest Paid Musicians 1 Dr Dre 620 million Forbes Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved March 26 2015 Farrow Emma Dr Dre House Humble Beginnings To A Baller Compound velvetropes com Velvet Ropes Retrieved January 12 2019 Dr Dre house is truly stunning He bought his 40 million mansion in Brentwood LA in 2014 Dr Dre Rap legend in hospital after brain aneurysm BBC News January 6 2021 Retrieved January 6 2021 Erik Pedersen January 5 2021 Dr Dre Hospitalized In Intensive Care With Brain Aneurysm In Los Angeles Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 5 2021 4 arrested in attempted burglary of Dr Dre s home while music mogul hospitalized Los Angeles Times January 6 2021 Retrieved January 7 2021 Dr Dre Gets Well Wishes From Celebs Speaks Out After Brain Aneurysm Us Weekly January 6 2021 Retrieved December 29 2021 Aniftos Rania January 6 2021 Dr Dre Gets Love From Ice Cube Missy Elliott LL Cool J amp More After Hospitalization Billboard Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre on Instagram Thanks to my family friends and fans for their interest and well wishes I m doing great and getting excellent care from my medical team Instagram Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Shares Message After Suffering Brain Aneursym TMZ Retrieved December 29 2021 a b Light Alan August 8 1991 N W A Beating Up the Charts Rolling Stone Retrieved March 7 2015 Dee Barnes Recounts Vicious Dr Dre Attack Her Erasure From Straight Outta Compton Okayplayer August 18 2015 Retrieved August 2 2022 Tomas Mier January 13 2021 Dr Dre s Estranged Wife Nicole Young Says He Held a Gun to My Head Twice Alleges Years of Abuse People Retrieved August 2 2022 Dr Dre Accuses Estranged Wife Nicole Young of Making Up Abuse Claims to Get Money From Him Complex Retrieved August 2 2022 Reeves 2009 p 110 N W A s Dr Dre Target of Suit by Host of Rap Show Los Angeles Times July 23 1991 Retrieved December 28 2021 Kenyatta 2001 p 27 Noel Peter November 24 1998 Revenge of the Mad Rappers The Village Voice Archived from the original on February 4 2008 Retrieved February 14 2008 Woman Allegedly Assaulted by Dr Dre Says Straight Outta Compton Ignores His Victims The Hollywood Reporter August 18 2015 Retrieved August 21 2015 Michel le Blasts Ex Dr Dre For Beating Her Huffington Post Retrieved March 7 2015 Weiner Natalie August 18 2015 Dr Dre s Ex Michel le I Was Just a Quiet Girlfriend Who Got Beat Up The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 21 2015 Williams Brennan October 7 2016 Michel le Opens Up About Her Abusive Relationship With Dr Dre Huffington Post Mojica Nicholas October 15 2015 Surviving Compton Exposes Michel le s Abuse By Dr Dre And Relationship With Suge Knight 16 Things We Learned From Lifetime Biopic International Business Times Dr Dre Woman Alleges Music Mogul Beat Her While Pregnant EURweb December 18 2016 Retrieved August 2 2022 Davice Shanice October 14 2016 Michel le Refuses To Budge To Dr Dre s Legal Threats Vibe Westhoff Ben October 17 2016 The new NWA movie depicts Michel le s abuse by Dr Dre but is it true The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Westhoff Ben August 4 2015 Tairrie B Hip Hop s Original Bad Bitch is Back LA Weekly Retrieved October 22 2015 a b Coscarelli Joe August 21 2015 Dr Dre Apologizes to the Women I ve Hurt The New York Times Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved August 22 2015 N W A Tell All Inside the Original Gangstas Rolling Stone Cover Story Rolling Stone August 12 2015 Retrieved August 21 2015 Lewis Hilary August 21 2015 Dr Dre Apologizes to the Women I ve Hurt The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 21 2015 Lawrence Derek July 11 2017 Dr Dre apologizes for 1991 assault Any man that puts his hands on a female is a f ing idiot Yahoo Entertainment Retrieved December 29 2021 Nicole Young Dr Dre s Wife of 24 Years Files for Divorce July 30 2020 Dr Dre s wife files for divorce after 24 years of marriage cites irreconcilable differences USA Today Dr Dre s Wife of 24 Years Nicole Young Files for Divorce Billboard Alexander Brenda September 5 2020 Dr Dre s Estranged Wife Alleges She Experienced Domestic Violence During Their Marriage Showbiz Cheat Sheet Retrieved December 29 2021 Mier Tomas January 13 2021 Dr Dre s Estranged Wife Nicole Young Says He Held a Gun to My Head Twice Alleges Years of Abuse People Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Files Prenup That Nicole Young Has Contested Complex Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Accuses Estranged Wife Nicole Young of Making Up Abuse Claims to Get Money From Him Complex Retrieved December 29 2021 Woods Aleia Dr Dre Agrees to Pay Wife 2 Million in Temporary Spousal Support Report XXL Mag Retrieved December 29 2021 Pesce Nicole Lyn Pay day Dr Dre ordered to drop almost 300 000 a month in spousal support to ex Nicole Young reports MarketWatch Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Wins Legal Battle in Divorce Won t Have to Pay 1 5 Million to Estranged Wife Complex Retrieved December 29 2021 Olonilua Ademola August 5 2021 Dr Dre to pay 300 000 monthly spousal support to ex wife MSN The Punch Bacardi Francesca March 12 2021 Nicole Young denied restraining order against Dr Dre over song lyrics Page Six Retrieved December 29 2021 Hudson Tanay February 23 2021 Dr Dre Called Estranged Wife Greedy B on Unreleased Track Heavy com Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Calls Out His Wife on Leaked Snippet Genius Retrieved December 29 2021 Cohen Rebecca Dr Dre s estranged wife served him with divorce papers during his grandmother s funeral Insider Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre Angry After Being Served With 1 5M Divorce Papers At Grandmother s Funeral HipHopDX October 20 2021 Retrieved December 29 2021 Daniels Karu F Dr Dre declared legally single amid messy divorce from Nicole Young New York Daily News Retrieved December 29 2021 Siegel Tatiana December 28 2021 Dr Dre s Ex Wife Scores Massive Divorce Settlement Rolling Stone Retrieved December 29 2021 Dr Dre to Pay Ex Wife Nicole Young 3 5 Million a Year in Spousal Support Amid Divorce Entertainment Tonight Entertainment Tonight Retrieved December 29 2021 Aderoju Darlene December 10 2021 Dr Dre Pictured With Divorced AF Balloons as Divorce From Nicole Young Is Reportedly Finalized Billboard Woods Aleia December 28 2021 Dr Dre to Pay Ex Wife 100 Million in Divorce Settlement Report XXL Mag Retrieved December 29 2021 Rap Star s Home Damaged in Fire Los Angeles Times June 29 1992 Retrieved August 2 2022 Fire Damages Rap Singer s House Injures 2 Firefighters Los Angeles Times June 29 1992 Retrieved August 2 2022 The Violent Art Violent Reality of Dr Dre Los Angeles Times December 15 1992 Retrieved December 28 2021 Dr Dre sentenced to eight months UPI Retrieved August 2 2022 Rapper Dr Dre Sentenced To 8 Months In Prison Philly com September 1 1994 Retrieved November 1 2015 Dr Dre Sentenced to Eight Months in Jail AP NEWS Retrieved August 2 2022 David Emilia January 6 2021 Details You Never Knew About Dr Dre s Legal Issues Grunge com Retrieved August 2 2022 Kreps Daniel October 30 2015 N W A Manager Sues Over Straight Outta Compton Portrayal Rolling Stone Retrieved August 2 2022 Grow Kory November 3 2015 Jerry Heller Talks Compton Lawsuit Very Hurtful Movie Rolling Stone Retrieved August 2 2022 Gardner Eriq June 30 2016 Straight Outta Compton Lawsuit Survives Because of One Implication About Former N W A Manager The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 2 2022 Hassan Jackie Wattles and Carma September 3 2016 Jerry Heller former N W A manager dies at 75 CNNMoney Retrieved August 2 2022 Jerry Heller Is Dead But His Lawsuit Against N W A Isn t SPIN September 11 2016 Retrieved August 2 2022 Kreps Daniel December 22 2018 Late N W A Manager Jerry Heller s Straight Outta Compton Lawsuit Dismissed Rolling Stone Retrieved August 2 2022 Suge Knight Sheriff s Deputy Conspired with Dr Dre to Kill Me TMZ Retrieved October 14 2016 Dillon Nancy Suge Knight s harsh jail rules blamed on massive scandal New York Daily News Retrieved October 14 2016 Gonzalez Sandra July 26 2016 Dr Dre briefly detained by police CNN Retrieved December 29 2021 Allah Sha Be July 26 2016 The Source Dr Dre Arrested At His Malibu Home After Road Rage Incident The Source Retrieved December 29 2021 Williams David May 9 2018 Rapper Dr Dre loses a trademark dispute with ob gyn Dr Drai CNN Retrieved August 2 2022 Dr Dre and Jimmy Iovine Lose 25 Million Beats Lawsuit Pitchfork June 27 2018 Retrieved August 2 2022 Maine Samantha June 28 2018 Dr Dre has been ordered to pay out 25 million after losing a Beats By Dre lawsuit NME Retrieved August 2 2022 Gardner Eriq June 27 2018 Dr Dre Jimmy Iovine Hit With 25M Verdict at Beats Trial The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 2 2022 Peters Maxine August 6 2021 Dr Dre s daughter LaTanya Young talks about being homeless despite her father s 800 million fortune News24 Bacardi Francesca August 4 2021 Dr Dre s oldest daughter LaTanya Young says she s homeless living out of her car Page Six And the Nominees Are Bet com Past Winners Search Dr Dre Grammy com Retrieved February 5 2013 Past Winners Search Andre Young Grammy com Retrieved February 5 2013 Grammy Awards History Rock On The Net Retrieved March 7 2015 McNary Dave April 22 2015 Documentary Unity Set for Aug 12 Release with 100 Star Narrators Variety Retrieved May 1 2015 The Defiant Ones at IMDb Mercante Alyssa December 15 2020 Dr Dre makes a surprise appearance in GTA Online Cayo Perico Heist gamesradar Retrieved December 15 2020 Skrebels Joe December 8 2021 GTA Online Is Getting a Franklin Story Expansion Set Years After GTA 5 IGN Ziff Davis Retrieved December 9 2021 Harold House Moore plays to Dr Dre in All Eyez on Me www lamanagement co Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved February 11 2016 Works cited Edwards Paul 2009 How to Rap The Art and Science of the Hip Hop MC Chicago Chicago Review Press ISBN 978 1 569 76375 9 OCLC 527853431 Kenyatta Kelly 2001 You Forgot About Dre The Unauthorized Biography of Dr Dre and Eminem from NWA to Slim Shady a Tale of Gangsta Rap Violence and Hit Records Los Angeles Busta Books ISBN 978 0 970 22249 7 OCLC 45162196 Reeves Marcus 2009 Somebody Scream Rap Music s Rise to Prominence in the Aftershock of Black Power New York Faber and Faber ISBN 978 0865479975 OCLC 855701348 Ro Ronin 2007 Dr Dre The Biography New York Thunder s Mouth Press ISBN 978 0 970 22249 7 OCLC 671560558 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dr Dre Wikiquote has quotations related to Dr Dre Official website Dr Dre at IMDb Portals Biography Music United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dr Dre amp oldid 1138039115, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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