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Bhubaneswar

January 10, 2023

Bhubaneswar (/ˌbʊbəˈneɪʃwər/; Odia: [ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ, -ɕwɔɾ] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as Ekamra Kshetra (area (kshetra) adorned with mango trees (ekamra)).[9] Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a nickname earned because of the 700 temples which once stood there.[10][11] In contemporary times, it has emerged as an education hub[12][13] and an attractive business destination.[14][15][16]

Bhubaneswar
Ekamra-Kshetra, City of Temples
Metropolis
Clockwise from top:
Lingaraj Temple, Krushi Bhavan Bhubaneswar, Rail Sadan (East Coast Railway Headquarters), Dhauli Shanti Stupa, Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, Odisha Secretariat, Kalinga Stadium, Evening before a low-pressure in Bhubaneswar
Nicknames: 
Sports Capital of India
Temple City of India
Startup Hub of East India[1]
Bhubaneswar
Map showing Bhubaneswar in Odisha
Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar (India)
Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar (Asia)
Coordinates: 20°16′N 85°50′E / 20.27°N 85.84°E / 20.27; 85.84Coordinates: 20°16′N 85°50′E / 20.27°N 85.84°E / 20.27; 85.84
Country India
State Odisha
DistrictKhordha
Founded byGovernment of Odisha
Named forLord Shiva
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyBhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC)
 • Member of ParliamentAparajita Sarangi (BJP)
 • Members of Legislative AssemblyBhubaneswar Central : Shri Ananta Narayan Jena, BJD

Bhubaneswar North : Shri Susant Kumar Rout, BJD

Ekamra Bhubaneswar : Shri Ashok Chandra Panda, BJD
 • MayorSulochana Das, BJD
 • Municipal CommissionerVijay Amruta Kulange, IAS
 • Commissioner of PoliceSaumendra Kumar Priyadarshi, IPS
Area
[2]
 • Metropolis186 km2 (72 sq mi)
 • Metro
[3][4]
1,110 km2 (430 sq mi)
Elevation
45 m (148 ft)
Population
 (2011)[5]
 • Metropolis837,321
 • Density2,131.4/km2 (5,520.2/sq mi)
 • Metro
[3][6][5]
1,300,000 (60th)
Demonym(s)Bhubaneswarites[7]
Bhubaneswaria[8]
Languages
 • OfficialOdia, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
751xxx, 752xxx, 754xxx
Telephone code0674, 06752
Vehicle registrationOD-02 (South Bhubaneswar)
OD-33 (North Bhubaneswar)
UN/LOCODEIN BBI
Websitewww.bhubaneswar.me
www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in
www.bmc.gov.in

Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 7th century BCE and earlier. It is a confluence of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain heritage and includes several Kalingan temples, many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With Puri and Konark it forms the 'Swarna Tribhuja' ("Golden Triangle"), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations.[17][18]

Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the capital on 19 August 1949, two years after India gained its independence from Britain. The modern city was designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1946. Along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh, it was one of modern India's first planned cities.[19] Bhubaneswar and Cuttack are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011.[20] The Bhubaneswar metro area has a population of around a million people, and is categorised as a Tier-2 city.[6] Bhubaneswar and Rourkela are the two cities in smart city mission from Odisha.

Etymology

Bhubaneswar is the anglicisation of the Odia name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word Tribhubaneśwar (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwar) of the Three Worlds (Tribhuban), which refers to Shiva.[21]

History

 
Remains of the ancient city of Sisupalagada, on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, dated to 7th century BCE
 
Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of Sisupalgarh, the ancient capital of the erstwhile province of Kalinga. Dhauli, near Bhubaneswar was the site of the Kalinga War (c. 262-261 BCE), in which the Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded and annexed Kalinga.[22] One of the most complete edicts of the Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest of the modern city.[23] After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of Mahameghavahana dynasty, whose most well-known ruler is Kharavela. His Hathigumpha inscription is located at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including Satavahanas, Guptas, Matharas, and Shailodbhavas.[22]

In the 7th century, Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom in the area, and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE. Their capital Kalinganagara was located in present-day Bhubaneswar City. After them, Mukunda Deva of the Bhoi dynasty – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas – developed several religious buildings in the area.[22] Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under Shaiva influence.[24] The Ananta Vasudeva Temple is the only old temple of Vishnu in the city.[25] In 1568, the Karrani dynasty of Afghan origin gained control of the area. During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured.[22]

In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani Mughal control. The Marathas, who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in the region. In 1803, the area came under British colonial rule, and was part of the Bengal Presidency (until 1912), Bihar and Orissa Province (1912–1936) and Orissa Province (1936–1947).[22] The capital of the British-ruled Orissa Province was Cuttack, which was vulnerabile to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, on 30 September 1946, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India, the foundation of the new capital was laid by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 April 1948.[22]

The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of Shiva, the deity of the Lingaraja temple.[21] The Legislative Assembly of Odisha was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1949.[22] Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect Otto Königsberger with wide roads, gardens and parks.[26] Though part of the city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process.[27] According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the city's population was just 16,512. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a Notified Area Council or a nagar panchayat; a municipality was established only on 12 March 1979. By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation was established.[22]

Geography

 
Daya River at the foothills of Dhauli

Bhubaneswar is in Khordha district of Odisha.[28] It is in the eastern coastal plains, along the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains.[29] The city has an average altitude of 45 m (148 ft) above sea level.[29] It lies southwest of the Mahanadi River that forms the northern boundary of Bhubaneswar metropolitan area, within its delta.

 
City of Bhubaneswar from Khandagiri hill

The city is bounded by the Daya River to the south and the Kuakhai River to the east;[29] the Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary and Nandankanan Zoo lie in the western and northern parts of Bhubaneswar, respectively.[26]

Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts.[29] Kanjia lake on the northern outskirts, affords rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance.[30] Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent laterite, 25 per cent alluvial and 10 per cent sandstone.[31] The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes.[32] The United Nations Development Programme reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and cyclones.[32] The 1999 Odisha cyclone caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives.[33] Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.[31][34]

 
Bhubaneswar schematic tourist map

Urban structure

See also: List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar
 
Rajpath, Bhubaneswar
 
Pathani Samanta Planetarium Bhubaneswar
 
Bhubaneswar from sky at night

The Bhubaneswar urban development area consists of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over 1,110 km2 (430 sq mi).[3][35] The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers 186 square kilometres (72 sq mi).[2] The city is somewhat dumbbell-shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest.[36] The north–south axis of the city is widest, at roughly 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi). Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of Kuakhai River and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part.[36] The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and outer peripheral areas. It is subdivided into Units and Colonies.

The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including the Lingaraja, Nilakantha Siva, Rajarani and Muktesvara temples, standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the Somabaresvara Siva Temple and the Kartikesvara Siva Temple. The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure.[36] Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi and Kapileswara.

The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including Saheed Nagar and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the Janpath and Cuttack-Puri Road at Saheed Nagar, Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including Utkal University, the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit.[36]

The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5, including Nayapalli, Jayadev Vihar, Chandrasekharpur and Sailashree Vihar, Niladri vihar which were developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to house the growing population.[36] With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur the city is now divided roughly into North(newer areas) and South Bhubaneswar (older areas) by the NH-5 highway.

The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning.[37] The Master Planning Branch of the Bhubaneswar Development Authority developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010.[38] According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas.[39] Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP.[38] Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the Smart city list in India.[40][41]

 
Deras Dam

Climate

 
Meteorological Centre, Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar has a tropical savanna climate, designated Aw under the Köppen climate classification. The annual mean temperature is 27.4 °C (81.3 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 22–32 °C (72–90 °F).[42] Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in May and June.[42] Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to 15–18 °C (59–64 °F) in December and January. May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 32–42 °C (90–108 °F). January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from 15–28 °C (59–82 °F). Extreme temperatures have ranged from 8.2 to 46.7 °C (46.8 to 116.1 °F).[43]

Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of the south west summer monsoon[44] lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of 1,657.8 mm (65 in). The highest monthly rainfall total, 374.6 mm (15 in), occurs in August.[45]

Climate data for Bhubaneswar (Biju Patnaik International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1952–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.8
(96.4) 		42.7
(108.9) 		44.2
(111.6) 		45.8
(114.4) 		46.5
(115.7) 		46.7
(116.1) 		41.3
(106.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		37.9
(100.2) 		36.6
(97.9) 		37.6
(99.7) 		33.6
(92.5) 		46.7
(116.1)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 32.7
(90.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		41.2
(106.2) 		41.8
(107.2) 		40.5
(104.9) 		36.3
(97.3) 		34.7
(94.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.1
(91.6) 		31.9
(89.4) 		43.1
(109.6)
Average high °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		35.5
(95.9) 		37.2
(99.0) 		37.2
(99.0) 		35.1
(95.2) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		30.7
(87.3) 		28.9
(84.0) 		32.9
(91.2)
Average low °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		22.4
(72.3)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 11.7
(53.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		11.1
(52.0)
Record low °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.0
(62.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		9.7
(49.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		8.2
(46.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 13.1
(0.52) 		21.1
(0.83) 		20.6
(0.81) 		40.4
(1.59) 		101.6
(4.00) 		208.5
(8.21) 		359.7
(14.16) 		374.6
(14.75) 		281.7
(11.09) 		201.2
(7.92) 		30.3
(1.19) 		4.9
(0.19) 		1,657.8
(65.27)
Average rainy days 0.8 1.1 1.4 2.2 4.5 9.9 15.0 15.6 12.7 7.9 1.5 0.4 73.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 53 51 56 62 65 73 83 85 83 76 65 56 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 253.4 234.0 237.8 238.8 242.9 140.7 107.2 128.6 150.8 221.8 217.5 255.0 2,428.5
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[45][43][46][47]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1971–1990)[48]

Economy

 
East Coast Railway Headquarters in Bhubaneswar
 
Tata Consultancy Services in Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city.[29] Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the World Bank in 2014.[49] Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India.[14] Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011.[29][50] Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the economic liberalisation policy adopted by the Government of India in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in telecommunications, information technology (IT) and higher education.[29]

In 2011, according to a study by Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, Bhubaneswar had the highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier-2 cities in India.[51] It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by Cushman and Wakefield, taking into consideration factors like demographics, physical, social and real estate infrastructure, current level and scope of economic activities and government support.[15] In 2012, Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities, in starting and operating a business by the World Bank.[16] Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry, including silver filigree work, appliqué work, stone and wood carvings and patta painting, which significantly contributes to the city's economy.[29] The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar.[52][53][54][55] In the informal sector, 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones.[56][57]

As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the tertiary sector (service industries).[29]

The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in the Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas.[29] Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation, Bharat Biotech, Topaz Solar, Britannia Industries, SMS Group and Jockey International have there manufacturing plant.[58][59][60]

In 2009, Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by NASSCOM, with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports.[61] According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business.[62] The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley, STPI-Bhubaneswar and JSS STP.[63][64] Infocity was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. Infosys and Tech Mahindra have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other software companies, firms and Multinational Companies include Tata Consultancy Services, Wipro, IBM, Genpact, Firstsource, Mindtree, MphasiS, Ericsson, Semtech, Reliance Communications, PricewaterhouseCoopers , Bharti Airtel, DLF (company), Capgemini and Deloitte. It also houses the headquarters of POSCO India, a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate POSCO and Govt. of India owned National Aluminium Company(NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar.[64]

Demographics

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951 16,512—    
1961 38,211+131.4%
1971 105,491+176.1%
1981 227,525+115.7%
1991 423,465+86.1%
2001 647,302+52.9%
2011 837,737+29.4%
Source: [65][66][67]

As per the 2011 census of India, Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988.[68] As per the estimate of IIT Kharagpur, which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of 721.9 square kilometres (278.7 sq mi), has a population of 1.9 million (as of 2008).[69] As of 2011, the number of males was 445,233, while the number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent.[citation needed]

Literacy

Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's literacy rate is 93.15 per cent[68]—significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent.[70]

Language

The main language spoken in the city is Odia. However, English and Hindi are understood by most residents. Although Odias comprise the vast majority, migrants from other states like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Jharkhand also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern.

Religion

Religion in Bhubaneshwar

  Hindus (95.24%)
  Muslims (3.29%)
  Christians (0.92%)
  Sikhs (0.12%)
  Others[^] (0.43%)

^ Others includes Jain, Buddhists and not stated

Bhubaneswar is a very religiously diverse city. Hindus form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of 2011 Census of India. Muslims forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and Christians with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.[71]

Further information: Dolagovinda Siva Temple

Governance and Politics

Civic Administration

 
Krushi Bhavan building in Bhubaneswar.

The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city's 67 wards.[72] It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994.[73] Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act.[74] Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets.[75]

As Bhubaneswar's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor and other elected members. The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner. There are 13 administrative departments under BMC: PR & Communication, Disaster Management, Finance, Health & Sanitation, Engineering, Revenue & Tax, Electrical, Environment, Social Welfare, IT and Social Projects, Establishment, Land & Assets, Enforcement & Recovery.[76] The responsibilities of the municipal body include drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management and street lighting.[29]

The tenure of the last elected body ended in January 2019 and new elections have not taken place yet, because the High Court struck down the delimitation process that was carried out for exceeding 50% reservations of seats.[77][78] Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active.[79] The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There is no fixed number of members in the committees.

The processes for the municipal budget 2020–21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced.[80] The budget for 2020–21 was supposed to be aroound Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019–20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments.[81]

Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect one representative to India's lower house, the Lok Sabha, and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of Bhubaneswar North, Ekamra-Bhubaneswar, and Bhubaneswar Central.[82][83] The last Lok Sabha election was in 2019, when Aparajita Sarangi from Bharatiya Janata Party won the seat.[84] The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three Vidhan Sabha seats in Bhubaneswar were won by Biju Janata Dal: Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central.[85][86][87]

Judicial and Police Institutions

As the seat of the Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar is home to the Odisha Legislative Assembly and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases.[88] The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate, established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area.[89][90] Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner.[91]

 
Odisha State Secretariat building

Public utilities

Electricity is supplied by the state-operated Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha.[31] TATA Power as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020.[92] Fire services are handled by the state agency Odisha Fire Service. Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. Water supply and sewerage are handled by the Public Health Engineering Organisation.[29] As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%.[93] The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads.[94]

 
Swosti premium hotel in Bhubaneswar

26.7% of the city is covered by sewage network, while more than 50% of the households are dependent on onsite containment systems, such as septic tanks.[95] There is no sewage treatment plant in Bhubaneswar right now,[when?] but one is being built using JNNURM funds.[93][96] The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river. There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD.[97]

The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480 kg/m3 for wet waste and 600 kg/m3 for wet waste.[98] Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle.[99] It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste.[100] Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar.[98] State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Idea, are the leading telephone, cell phone and internet service providers in the city.[101][102]

Education

See also: List of institutions of higher education in Odisha
 
Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar library
 
NISER, Bhubaneshwar
 
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
 
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar
 
Utkal University Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges.[12][13] IIT Bhubaneswar, NISER Bhubaneswar, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NIFT Bhubaneswar are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city. Utkal University Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India.

Primary and secondary education

Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction. Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the "10+2+3" plan for Regular Graduates and "10+2+4" plan for Technical studies. Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations. Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of the following mediums of education.

Notable union government schools in the city include

Notable state government schools in the city include

Notable private schools in the city include

Higher education

Several colleges are affiliated with universities or institution based in Bhubaneswar or elsewhere in India. Most offer a wide range of programs in STEM and applied research and are rated highly by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India.

Engineering and applied sciences institutions

Medical institutions

Universities

Professional Institute

Think tanks / Research institutes

Tourism education is another field of study emerging. The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), the second in the country after Gwalior, was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is also located in the city premises. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum.[citation needed]

Transport

 
Mo Cycle

Bicycle

A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) and the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT). The scheme aims to reduce traffic congestion, promote non-motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity. Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle. Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city. Around 2,000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies – Hexi, Yaana and Yulu. Hexi (from Hero Cycles) will provide 1,000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each. The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app – "mo app".[106]

Bus

Internal public transport is maintained by "Mo Bus (My Bus)" service administrated by CRUT(Capital Region Urban Transport) along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri. The headquarters of the Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC) is in Bhubaneswar. The main Bhubaneswar inter-state bus terminus is at Barmunda, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the city centre, from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh.[107] Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by National Highway-NH 16, which is a part of the Kolkata-Chennai prong of the Golden Quadrilateral, NH 203, State Highway 13 (Odisha) and State Highway 27 (Odisha). Asian Highway- AH 45 passes through the city.[35]

 
 
 

Road

 
One of the many fly-overs in the city.

Bhubaneswar has roads in grid form in the central city. Bhubaneswar has approximately 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) of roads, with average road density of 11.82 square kilometres (4.56 sq mi).[29] Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state's cities like Hyderabad, Kolkata, Visakhapatnam, Raipur and Ranchi. City bus service (Mo Bus) runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority .[108] A fleet of 300+ buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack, Puri and Khordha.[108] Auto rickshaws are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city. In parts of the city, cycle rickshaws offer short trips.[109] To ease traffic jams, over-bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction.[110][111] In a study of six cities in India, Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure. The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100.

Railway Station

 
Bhubaneswar railway station

Bhubaneswar has the following stations:

The East Coast Railway has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar. Bhubaneswar railway station is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network. It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here. However, the station is overloaded by existing traffic. Currently, the station has six platforms. There are plans to add two more platforms.[112]

A satellite station New Bhubaneswar railway station is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation.[113]

Airport

 
Biju Patnaik International Airport

Biju Patnaik International Airport (IATA: BBI, ICAO: VEBS) also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the city centre, is the major and sole international airport in Odisha. There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai and Bangalore.The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are Indigo, Vistara, AirAsia Berhad, AirAsia India and Air India. In March 2013, a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic.[114] On 10 July 2015, the first international flight took off from terminal 2 of Biju Patnaik International Airport.

Culture

 
Muktesvara deula, covered with erotic ancient carvings, known for its quality of sculptures
 
Bindusagara water tank on a winter morning
 
Ravindra Mandapa, an auditorium in Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar is supposed to have had over one thousand temples, earning the tag of the 'Temple City of India'. Temples are made in the Kalinga architectural style with a pine spire that curves up to a point over the sanctum housing the presiding deity and a pyramid-covered hall where people sit and pray.

Famous temples include Lingaraja Temple, Muktesvara Temple, Rajarani Temple, Ananta Vasudeva Temple.[115] The Kukutesvara Siva Temple is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to Shiva.

The twin hills of Khandagiri and Udayagiri, served as the site of an ancient Jaina monastery which was carved into cave-like chambers in the face of the hill. These caves, with artistic carvings, date back to the 2nd century BCE. Dhauli hills has major edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock and a white Peace Pagoda was built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s. Apart from the ancient temples, other important temples were built in recent times include Ram Mandir and ISKCON.

Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack is the home of the Odia cinema industry, dubbed "Ollywood", where most of the state's film studios are situated.

Odia culture survives in the form of Classical Odissi dance, handicrafts, sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music. Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state.[116][117] Odissi, the oldest of the eight surviving classical dance forms of India can be traced from archaeological evidence from the temples in Bhubaneswar.[118][119][120]

Odissi dance

Odissi dance is generally accompanied by Odissi music. Srjan, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra, the legendary Odissi dancer is found here.[121][122] The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements, theatre and private functions.[123]

 
Odissi dance

Dress and attire

Though Odia women traditionally wear the sari, shalwar kameez and of late, Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women.[124] Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional dhoti and kurta are seen during festivals.[125]

The Odisha State Museum offers archaeological artefacts, weapons, local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha's natural and indigenous history.[126] The Tribal Research Institute Museum hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen.[127] Nandankanan Zoological Park, located on the northern outskirt of the city, is India's first zoo to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.[128][129] The State Botanical Garden (Odisha) and Regional Plant Resource Center, popularly known as Ekamra Kanan, a park and botanical garden, has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna. The Ekamra Haat is a hand-loom and handicrafts market. Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks. Other museums include Pathani Samanta Planetarium, Regional Museum of Natural History, Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum.

Festivals

On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April, the image of Lingaraja (Shiva) and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple, where the deities remain for four days.[130] Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the temple car that carries the deities, known as Rukuna Ratha.[131] Ratha-Yatra, "Temple Car Festival," is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar.[132] The festival commemorates Jagannatha, who is said to have been the incarnation of India's revered deities, Vishnu and Krishna. Durga Puja, held in September–October, is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.[133][134]

As a part of the Ekamra Festival, many cultural sub-festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which include Kalinga Mahotsaba (for traditional martial arts), Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsaba (for classical dance forms), Rajarani Music Festival (for classical music) and Mukteswara Dance Festival (for Odishi dance).[135] Residents engage in khattis, or leisurely chats, that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation.[136]

Other festivals celebrated include Shivaratri, Diwali, Ganesha Chaturthi, Nuakhai and Saraswati Puja. Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city.[137][138][139]

The Adivasi Mela, held in January, is a fair that displays the art, artefacts, tradition, culture, and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha.[140] The Toshali National Crafts Mela, held in December, showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries.[141] Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair, Dot Fest[142] and Khandagiri Utsav.[143][144] Two international literary festivals are held in the city, Kalinga Literary Festival[145][146] and Mystic Kalinga Festival.[147][148] In modern times Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival, the Odisha Literary Fest.[149]

Cuisine

 
Pahala rasagola, a famous sweet which originated in Odisha
 
Chhena Gaja, another famous sweet of Odisha

Key elements of the city's cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as Machha Jhola, which can be accompanied by desserts such as Rasagola, Rasabali, Chhena Gaja, Chhena Jhilli and Chhena Poda.[150] Odisha's large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of lobsters and crabs brought in from Chilika Lake.[151]

Street foods such as gupchup (a deep-fried crêpe, stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas, and dipped in tamarind-infused water), cuttack-chaat, dahibara aloo dum (a deep-fried doughnut-shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt-infused water and served alongside potato curry) and bara-ghuguni are sold all over the city.[152] Traditional Oriya food such as dahi-pakhala (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) which is considered as a body coolant, accompanied by badi chura or saga are consumed during the months of April–June.[153]

The abadha of Lingaraja Temple and Ananta Vasudeva Temple served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight. Other vegetarian dishes are Dalma (made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices) and Santula (lightly spiced steamed vegetables).[151]

Sports

 
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
 
Bhubaneswar Golf Club

Bhubaneswar's major sporting arena is the Kalinga Stadium, having facilities for athletics, football, hockey, basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming.[154][155][156] It is known for hosting the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November–December 2018. Kalinga Lancers, the sixth franchise of Hockey India League and Odisha FC, a club of Indian Super League, are based in Bhubaneswar with Kalinga Stadium as their home ground. East Coast Railway Stadium, a prominent cricket stadium hosts Ranji Trophy and other matches.[157]

Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre, a hockey academy for sub-junior and junior category, has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts (Hockey Ace foundation) joined hands to initiate a three-pronged program under the HPC banner of Government of Odisha.[158]

The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way. An air-conditioned indoor stadium, with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton, volleyball, basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed.[154] Barabati Stadium in Cuttack, Odisha's only venue for international cricket matches, is located around 25 kilometres (16 mi) away.[159] Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League, Bhubaneswar Jaguars, which started in 2010. Bhubaneswar Golf Club, a nine-hole golf course is situated in Infocity.[160]

The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Stadium commonly KIIT Stadium is a new multipurpose stadium located as a part of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University Campus or KIIT University in Bhubaneswar with a capacity of 40,000 currently.

The 2017 Asian Athletics Championships was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6–9 July 2017 at the Kalinga Stadium. Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships, with Delhi being the first, in 1989, and Pune, the second, in 2013.[161]

Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India, as the FIH and the IOA president, Narindar Batra, recently stated in a ceremony, while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey, which is sponsored by the government of Odisha. The state, Batra mentioned, provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, chess and many more.[162]

Media

The city's widely circulated Odia-language newspapers are Sambad, Dharitri, Pragatibadi, Samaja, News 7, Argus, Khabara, Orissa Bhaskara, Prameya and Samaya.[163] Orissa Post and Odia Age are the English-language newspaper that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include The Times of India, The Statesman, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express and the Asian Age.[163] Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies, including The Economic Times, The Financial Express, Business Line and Business Standard.[163] Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the Hindi, Bengali and Telugu languages are read by minorities.[163] Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include Saptahika Samaya, Saptahika Samaja and Kadambini.

All India Radio, the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs several AM channels from the radio station located in Cuttack.[164] Bhubaneswar has five local radio stations broadcasting on FM, including two from AIR.[164][165] India's state-owned television broadcaster Doordarshan Odia provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels,[166] while a mix of Odia, Hindi, English and other regional channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct-broadcast satellite services. Some of the Odia language television channels are Sidarth TV, Manjari, Colors Odia, Sarthak TV and Tarang TV. Odia-language 24-hour television news channels include News 7, Argus, Odisha TV, Kanak TV, ETV News Odia, MBC TV and Naxatra News.[167]

Notable people

The following are some of the notable people associated (i.e. either born or spent a significant part of their life) with Bhubaneswar:

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Sister cities

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bhubaneswar.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Bhubaneswar.
  •   Bhubaneswar travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • , archived from the original on 19 July 2011 (in English)
  • Bhubaneshwar Development Authority
  • Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar, UNESCO World Heritage Centre

January 10, 2023
bhubaneswar, odia, ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ, ɕwɔɾ, listen, capital, largest, city, indian, state, odisha, region, especially, town, historically, often, depicted, ekamra, kshetra, area, kshetra, adorned, with, mango, trees, ekamra, dubbed, temple, city, nickname, earned,. Bhubaneswar ˌ b ʊ b e ˈ n eɪ ʃ w er Odia ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ ɕwɔɾ listen is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha The region especially the old town was historically often depicted as Ekamra Kshetra area kshetra adorned with mango trees ekamra 9 Bhubaneswar is dubbed the Temple City a nickname earned because of the 700 temples which once stood there 10 11 In contemporary times it has emerged as an education hub 12 13 and an attractive business destination 14 15 16 Bhubaneswar Ekamra Kshetra City of TemplesMetropolisClockwise from top Lingaraj Temple Krushi Bhavan Bhubaneswar Rail Sadan East Coast Railway Headquarters Dhauli Shanti Stupa Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves Odisha Secretariat Kalinga Stadium Evening before a low pressure in BhubaneswarNicknames Sports Capital of India Temple City of India Startup Hub of East India 1 BhubaneswarMap showing Bhubaneswar in OdishaShow map of OdishaBhubaneswarBhubaneswar India Show map of IndiaBhubaneswarBhubaneswar Asia Show map of AsiaCoordinates 20 16 N 85 50 E 20 27 N 85 84 E 20 27 85 84 Coordinates 20 16 N 85 50 E 20 27 N 85 84 E 20 27 85 84Country IndiaStateOdishaDistrictKhordhaFounded byGovernment of OdishaNamed forLord ShivaGovernment TypeMunicipal Corporation BodyBhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC Member of ParliamentAparajita Sarangi BJP Members of Legislative AssemblyBhubaneswar Central Shri Ananta Narayan Jena BJD Bhubaneswar North Shri Susant Kumar Rout BJD Ekamra Bhubaneswar Shri Ashok Chandra Panda BJD MayorSulochana Das BJD Municipal CommissionerVijay Amruta Kulange IAS Commissioner of PoliceSaumendra Kumar Priyadarshi IPSArea 2 Metropolis186 km2 72 sq mi Metro 3 4 1 110 km2 430 sq mi Elevation45 m 148 ft Population 2011 5 Metropolis837 321 Density2 131 4 km2 5 520 2 sq mi Metro 3 6 5 1 300 000 60th Demonym s Bhubaneswarites 7 Bhubaneswaria 8 Languages OfficialOdia EnglishTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST PIN751xxx 752xxx 754xxxTelephone code0674 06752Vehicle registrationOD 02 South Bhubaneswar OD 33 North Bhubaneswar UN LOCODEIN BBIWebsitewww wbr bhubaneswar wbr me www wbr smartcitybhubaneswar wbr gov wbr in www wbr bmc wbr gov wbr inAlthough the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948 the history of the areas in and around the present day city can be traced to the 7th century BCE and earlier It is a confluence of Hindu Buddhist and Jain heritage and includes several Kalingan temples many of them from 6th 13th century CE With Puri and Konark it forms the Swarna Tribhuja Golden Triangle one of Eastern India s most visited destinations 17 18 Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the capital on 19 August 1949 two years after India gained its independence from Britain The modern city was designed by the German architect Otto Konigsberger in 1946 Along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh it was one of modern India s first planned cities 19 Bhubaneswar and Cuttack are often referred to as the twin cities of Odisha The metropolitan area formed by the two cities had a population of 1 7 million in 2011 20 The Bhubaneswar metro area has a population of around a million people and is categorised as a Tier 2 city 6 Bhubaneswar and Rourkela are the two cities in smart city mission from Odisha Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Urban structure 3 2 Climate 4 Economy 5 Demographics 5 1 Population 5 2 Literacy 5 3 Language 5 4 Religion 6 Governance and Politics 6 1 Civic Administration 6 2 Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies 6 3 Judicial and Police Institutions 7 Public utilities 8 Education 8 1 Primary and secondary education 8 2 Higher education 8 2 1 Engineering and applied sciences institutions 8 2 2 Medical institutions 8 2 3 Universities 8 2 4 Think tanks Research institutes 9 Transport 9 1 Bicycle 9 2 Bus 9 3 Road 9 4 Railway Station 9 5 Airport 10 Culture 10 1 Odissi dance 10 2 Dress and attire 10 3 Festivals 10 4 Cuisine 11 Sports 12 Media 13 Notable people 14 Sister cities 15 See also 16 References 17 External linksEtymology EditBhubaneswar is the anglicisation of the Odia name Bhubaneswara ଭ ବନ ଶ ୱର derived from the word Tribhubaneswar ତ ର ଭ ବନ ଶ ୱର which literally means the Lord Iswar of the Three Worlds Tribhuban which refers to Shiva 21 History Edit Remains of the ancient city of Sisupalagada on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar dated to 7th century BCE Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of Sisupalgarh the ancient capital of the erstwhile province of Kalinga Dhauli near Bhubaneswar was the site of the Kalinga War c 262 261 BCE in which the Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded and annexed Kalinga 22 One of the most complete edicts of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka dating from between 272 and 236 BCE remains carved in rock 8 kilometres 5 0 mi to the southwest of the modern city 23 After the decline of the Mauryan empire the area came under the rule of Mahameghavahana dynasty whose most well known ruler is Kharavela His Hathigumpha inscription is located at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves near Bhubaneswar The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties including Satavahanas Guptas Matharas and Shailodbhavas 22 In the 7th century Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom in the area and constructed a number of temples After the Kesharis the Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE Their capital Kalinganagara was located in present day Bhubaneswar City After them Mukunda Deva of the Bhoi dynasty the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas developed several religious buildings in the area 22 Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries under Shaiva influence 24 The Ananta Vasudeva Temple is the only old temple of Vishnu in the city 25 In 1568 the Karrani dynasty of Afghan origin gained control of the area During their reign most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured 22 In the 16th century the area came under pachamani Mughal control The Marathas who succeeded the Mughals in the mid 18th century encouraged pilgrimage in the region In 1803 the area came under British colonial rule and was part of the Bengal Presidency until 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province 1912 1936 and Orissa Province 1936 1947 22 The capital of the British ruled Orissa Province was Cuttack which was vulnerabile to floods and suffered from space constraints Because of this on 30 September 1946 a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province After independence of India the foundation of the new capital was laid by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 April 1948 22 The name of the new capital came from Tribhubaneswara or Bhubaneswara literally Lord of the Earth a name of Shiva the deity of the Lingaraja temple 21 The Legislative Assembly of Odisha was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1949 22 Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city designed by German architect Otto Konigsberger with wide roads gardens and parks 26 Though part of the city followed the plan it grew rapidly over the next few decades outstripping the planning process 27 According to the first census of independent India taken in 1951 the city s population was just 16 512 From 1952 to 1979 it was administered by a Notified Area Council or a nagar panchayat a municipality was established only on 12 March 1979 By the 1991 census the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411 542 Accordingly on 14 August 1994 the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation was established 22 Geography Edit Daya River at the foothills of Dhauli Bhubaneswar is in Khordha district of Odisha 28 It is in the eastern coastal plains along the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains 29 The city has an average altitude of 45 m 148 ft above sea level 29 It lies southwest of the Mahanadi River that forms the northern boundary of Bhubaneswar metropolitan area within its delta City of Bhubaneswar from Khandagiri hill The city is bounded by the Daya River to the south and the Kuakhai River to the east 29 the Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary and Nandankanan Zoo lie in the western and northern parts of Bhubaneswar respectively 26 Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands with hillocks in the western and northern parts 29 Kanjia lake on the northern outskirts affords rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance 30 Bhubaneswar s soils are 65 per cent laterite 25 per cent alluvial and 10 per cent sandstone 31 The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes 32 The United Nations Development Programme reports that there is very high damage risk from winds and cyclones 32 The 1999 Odisha cyclone caused major damage to buildings the city s infrastructure and cost many human lives 33 Floods and waterlogging in the low lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth 31 34 Bhubaneswar schematic tourist map Urban structure Edit See also List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar Rajpath Bhubaneswar Pathani Samanta Planetarium Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar from sky at night The Bhubaneswar urban development area consists of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over 1 110 km2 430 sq mi 3 35 The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers 186 square kilometres 72 sq mi 2 The city is somewhat dumbbell shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north northeast and southwest 36 The north south axis of the city is widest at roughly 22 5 kilometres 14 0 mi Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of Kuakhai River and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part 36 The city can be broadly divided into the old town planned city or state capital added areas and outer peripheral areas It is subdivided into Units and Colonies The old town or Temple Town the oldest part of the city is characterised by many temples including the Lingaraja Nilakantha Siva Rajarani and Muktesvara temples standing alongside residential areas Additional structures include the Somabaresvara Siva Temple and the Kartikesvara Siva Temple The area is congested with narrow roads and poor infrastructure 36 Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony Pandaba Nagar Brahmeswara Bagh Lingaraja Nagar Gouri Nagar Bhimatangi and Kapileswara The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital It is subdivided into units each with a high school shopping centres dispensaries and play areas While most of the units house government employees Unit V houses the administrative buildings including the State Secretariat State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city including Saheed Nagar and Satya Nagar Unit I popularly known as the Market Building was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital s residents Later markets and commercial establishments developed along the Janpath and Cuttack Puri Road at Saheed Nagar Satya Nagar Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes including Utkal University the Institute of Physics the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology and Sainik School Indira Gandhi Park Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit 36 The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5 including Nayapalli Jayadev Vihar Chandrasekharpur and Sailashree Vihar Niladri vihar which were developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to house the growing population 36 With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur the city is now divided roughly into North newer areas and South Bhubaneswar older areas by the NH 5 highway The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary including Tomando Patia and Raghunathpur Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner without proper planning 37 The Master Planning Branch of the Bhubaneswar Development Authority developed the Comprehensive Development Plan CDP in 2010 38 According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act 1982 the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas 39 Apart from the CDP BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP 38 Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the Smart city list in India 40 41 Deras Dam Climate Edit Meteorological Centre Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar has a tropical savanna climate designated Aw under the Koppen climate classification The annual mean temperature is 27 4 C 81 3 F monthly mean temperatures are 22 32 C 72 90 F 42 Summers March to June are hot and humid with temperatures in the low 30s C during dry spells maximum temperatures often exceed 40 C 104 F in May and June 42 Winter lasts for only about ten weeks with seasonal lows dipping to 15 18 C 59 64 F in December and January May is the hottest month when daily temperatures range from 32 42 C 90 108 F January the coldest month has temperatures varying from 15 28 C 59 82 F Extreme temperatures have ranged from 8 2 to 46 7 C 46 8 to 116 1 F 43 Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of the south west summer monsoon 44 lash Bhubaneswar between June and September supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of 1 657 8 mm 65 in The highest monthly rainfall total 374 6 mm 15 in occurs in August 45 Climate data for Bhubaneswar Biju Patnaik International Airport 1981 2010 extremes 1952 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 35 8 96 4 42 7 108 9 44 2 111 6 45 8 114 4 46 5 115 7 46 7 116 1 41 3 106 3 37 4 99 3 37 9 100 2 36 6 97 9 37 6 99 7 33 6 92 5 46 7 116 1 Mean maximum C F 32 7 90 9 36 1 97 0 39 6 103 3 41 2 106 2 41 8 107 2 40 5 104 9 36 3 97 3 34 7 94 5 35 0 95 0 34 4 93 9 33 1 91 6 31 9 89 4 43 1 109 6 Average high C F 29 1 84 4 32 0 89 6 35 5 95 9 37 2 99 0 37 2 99 0 35 1 95 2 32 5 90 5 31 9 89 4 32 3 90 1 32 1 89 8 30 7 87 3 28 9 84 0 32 9 91 2 Average low C F 15 7 60 3 18 8 65 8 22 6 72 7 25 2 77 4 26 4 79 5 26 3 79 3 25 5 77 9 25 3 77 5 25 0 77 0 23 1 73 6 19 1 66 4 15 4 59 7 22 4 72 3 Mean minimum C F 11 7 53 1 14 4 57 9 18 4 65 1 20 8 69 4 21 4 70 5 22 4 72 3 23 2 73 8 23 3 73 9 22 7 72 9 19 5 67 1 14 9 58 8 12 0 53 6 11 1 52 0 Record low C F 8 6 47 5 9 6 49 3 14 6 58 3 17 0 62 6 15 0 59 0 16 8 62 2 20 0 68 0 18 4 65 1 18 5 65 3 16 1 61 0 9 7 49 5 8 2 46 8 8 2 46 8 Average rainfall mm inches 13 1 0 52 21 1 0 83 20 6 0 81 40 4 1 59 101 6 4 00 208 5 8 21 359 7 14 16 374 6 14 75 281 7 11 09 201 2 7 92 30 3 1 19 4 9 0 19 1 657 8 65 27 Average rainy days 0 8 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 5 9 9 15 0 15 6 12 7 7 9 1 5 0 4 73 0Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 53 51 56 62 65 73 83 85 83 76 65 56 67Mean monthly sunshine hours 253 4 234 0 237 8 238 8 242 9 140 7 107 2 128 6 150 8 221 8 217 5 255 0 2 428 5Source 1 India Meteorological Department 45 43 46 47 Source 2 NOAA sun 1971 1990 48 Economy Edit East Coast Railway Headquarters in Bhubaneswar Tata Consultancy Services in Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is an administrative information technology education and tourism city 29 Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the World Bank in 2014 49 Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast growing important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India 14 Tourism is a major industry attracting about 1 5 million tourists in 2011 29 50 Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small scale manufacturing With the economic liberalisation policy adopted by the Government of India in the 1990s Bhubaneswar received investment in telecommunications information technology IT and higher education 29 In 2011 according to a study by Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India Bhubaneswar had the highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier 2 cities in India 51 It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by Cushman and Wakefield taking into consideration factors like demographics physical social and real estate infrastructure current level and scope of economic activities and government support 15 In 2012 Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities in starting and operating a business by the World Bank 16 Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry including silver filigree work applique work stone and wood carvings and patta painting which significantly contributes to the city s economy 29 The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate infrastructure retail and hospitality sectors several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar 52 53 54 55 In the informal sector 22 000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones 56 57 As of 2001 around 2 15 of the city s workforce was employed in the primary sector agriculture forestry mining etc 2 18 worked in the secondary sector industrial and manufacturing and 95 67 worked in the tertiary sector service industries 29 The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar in the Rasulgarh Mancheswar Chandaka and Bhagabanpur areas 29 Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper steel automobile food pharma and electronics industries A large number of companies including Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Bharat Biotech Topaz Solar Britannia Industries SMS Group and Jockey International have there manufacturing plant 58 59 60 In 2009 Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by NASSCOM with most IT ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar In 2011 12 Odisha had a growth rate of 17 for software exports 61 According to a 2012 survey among the tier 2 cities in India Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT ITES business 62 The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity 1 Infovalley STPI Bhubaneswar and JSS STP 63 64 Infocity was conceived as a five star park under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks EPIP Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries Infosys and Tech Mahindra have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996 Other software companies firms and Multinational Companies include Tata Consultancy Services Wipro IBM Genpact Firstsource Mindtree MphasiS Ericsson Semtech Reliance Communications PricewaterhouseCoopers Bharti Airtel DLF company Capgemini and Deloitte It also houses the headquarters of POSCO India a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate POSCO and Govt of India owned National Aluminium Company NALCO Apart from the big multinationals some 300 small and mid size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar 64 Demographics EditPopulation Edit Historical populationYearPop 195116 512 196138 211 131 4 1971105 491 176 1 1981227 525 115 7 1991423 465 86 1 2001647 302 52 9 2011837 737 29 4 Source 65 66 67 As per the 2011 census of India Bhubaneswar had a population of 837 737 while the metropolitan area had a population of 881 988 68 As per the estimate of IIT Kharagpur which made a development plan the Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban complex consisting of 721 9 square kilometres 278 7 sq mi has a population of 1 9 million as of 2008 update 69 As of 2011 update the number of males was 445 233 while the number of females were 392 504 The decadal growth rate was 45 90 per cent citation needed Literacy Edit Effective male literacy was 95 69 per cent while female literacy was 90 26 per cent About 75 237 were under six Bhubaneswar s literacy rate is 93 15 per cent 68 significantly higher than the national average of 74 04 per cent 70 Language Edit The main language spoken in the city is Odia However English and Hindi are understood by most residents Although Odias comprise the vast majority migrants from other states like Andhra Pradesh Bihar West Bengal Rajasthan and Jharkhand also dwell in the city Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city s demographic profile likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern Religion Edit Religion in Bhubaneshwar Hindus 95 24 Muslims 3 29 Christians 0 92 Sikhs 0 12 Others 0 43 Others includes Jain Buddhists and not stated Mukteshvara Temple Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is a very religiously diverse city Hindus form the majority in the city with more than 95 of the total population as of 2011 Census of India Muslims forms the second largest minority with 3 3 and Christians with 0 92 There is also a significant minority population of Sikhs Buddhists and Jains 71 Further information Dolagovinda Siva TempleGovernance and Politics EditCivic Administration Edit Krushi Bhavan building in Bhubaneswar The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city s 67 wards 72 It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994 73 Orissa Municipal Corporation Act 2003 is the governing act 74 Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five year term Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads government aided schools hospitals and municipal markets 75 As Bhubaneswar s apex body the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor in council which comprises a mayor a deputy mayor and other elected members The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner There are 13 administrative departments under BMC PR amp Communication Disaster Management Finance Health amp Sanitation Engineering Revenue amp Tax Electrical Environment Social Welfare IT and Social Projects Establishment Land amp Assets Enforcement amp Recovery 76 The responsibilities of the municipal body include drainage and sewerage sanitation solid waste management and street lighting 29 The tenure of the last elected body ended in January 2019 and new elections have not taken place yet because the High Court struck down the delimitation process that was carried out for exceeding 50 reservations of seats 77 78 Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active 79 The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health sanitation street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards There is no fixed number of members in the committees The processes for the municipal budget 2020 21 was initiated in February 2020 but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced 80 The budget for 2020 21 was supposed to be aroound Rs 700 an increase of 51 8 from the 2019 20 budget The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio economic welfare schemes in the city The key revenue sources for BMC are Holding Taxes tax from advertisements rent from municipal properties such as markets shopping complexes and kalyan mandaps marriage halls fees and user charges and grants from state and central governments 81 Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies Edit Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect one representative to India s lower house the Lok Sabha and three representatives to the state legislative assembly through the constituencies of Bhubaneswar North Ekamra Bhubaneswar and Bhubaneswar Central 82 83 The last Lok Sabha election was in 2019 when Aparajita Sarangi from Bharatiya Janata Party won the seat 84 The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well when all three Vidhan Sabha seats in Bhubaneswar were won by Biju Janata Dal Susant Kumar Rout from North Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central 85 86 87 Judicial and Police Institutions Edit As the seat of the Government of Odisha Bhubaneswar is home to the Odisha Legislative Assembly and the state secretariat Bhubaneswar has lower courts the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases 88 The Bhubaneswar Cuttack Police Commissionerate established in 2008 is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar Cuttack area 89 90 Shri S K Priyadarshi IPS is the police commissioner 91 Odisha State Secretariat buildingPublic utilities EditElectricity is supplied by the state operated Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha 31 TATA Power as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020 92 Fire services are handled by the state agency Odisha Fire Service Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi Kuakhai and Daya rivers Water supply and sewerage are handled by the Public Health Engineering Organisation 29 As of 2015 35 of the city was covered by piped water connections 1 4 of the households had metered water connection and the extent of non revenue water in the city ran to 62 5 93 The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads 94 Swosti premium hotel in Bhubaneswar 26 7 of the city is covered by sewage network while more than 50 of the households are dependent on onsite containment systems such as septic tanks 95 There is no sewage treatment plant in Bhubaneswar right now when but one is being built using JNNURM funds 93 96 The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD 97 The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480 kg m3 for wet waste and 600 kg m3 for wet waste 98 Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle 99 It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household one each for dry and wet waste 100 Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar 98 State owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited or BSNL as well as private enterprises among them Reliance Jio Bharti Airtel Vodafone Idea are the leading telephone cell phone and internet service providers in the city 101 102 Education EditSee also List of institutions of higher education in Odisha Academic Block of Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar library NISER Bhubaneshwar Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar Utkal University Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges 12 13 IIT Bhubaneswar NISER Bhubaneswar AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NIFT Bhubaneswar are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city Utkal University Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India Primary and secondary education Edit Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the 10 2 3 plan for Regular Graduates and 10 2 4 plan for Technical studies Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of the following mediums of education BSE Odisha CHSE Odisha CBSE Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations SCTE amp VT OdishaNotable union government schools in the city include Kendriya Vidyalaya No 1 Bhubaneswar Sainik School Notable state government schools in the city include Badagada Government High School Bhubaneswar Capital High School Bhubaneswar Government High School Saheed NagarNotable private schools in the city include DAV Public School Unit 8 Bhubaneswar D A V Public School Chandrasekharpur Loyola School Bhubaneswar Sai International School Bhubaneswar St Joseph s High School Bhubaneswar Higher education Edit Several colleges are affiliated with universities or institution based in Bhubaneswar or elsewhere in India Most offer a wide range of programs in STEM and applied research and are rated highly by the Ministry of Human Resource Development India Engineering and applied sciences institutions Edit C V Raman Global University Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Eastern Academy of Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai off campus in collaboration with IndianOil and IIT Kharagpur Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology IMMT erstwhile RRL Institute of Physics International Institute of Information Technology Bhubaneswar IIIT BBSR or IIIT BH Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology National Institute of Fashion Technology NIFT National Institute of Science Education and Research NISER Orissa Engineering College Regional Institute of EducationMedical institutions Edit All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar Hi Tech Medical College amp Hospital Bhubaneswar Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Regional Medical Research CenterUniversities Edit Birla Global University Bhubaneswar Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha University of Technology and Research International Institute of Information Technology Bhubaneswar IIIT BBSR or IIIT BH Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Odisha State Open University 103 Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Rama Devi Women s University Regional College of Management 104 Siksha O Anusandhan Utkal University of Culture Utkal University Xavier UniversityProfessional Institute The Institute of Cost Accountants of India Bhubaneswar Chapter Bhubaneswar The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Bhuneshwar Branch of EIRC 105 Think tanks Research institutes Edit Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies NCDS Tourism education is another field of study emerging The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management IITTM the second in the country after Gwalior was established in 1996 One IATA Authorised Training Centre ATC is also located in the city premises Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum citation needed Transport Edit Mo Cycle Bicycle Edit A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited BSCL and the Capital Region Urban Transport CRUT The scheme aims to reduce traffic congestion promote non motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city Around 2 000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies Hexi Yaana and Yulu Hexi from Hero Cycles will provide 1 000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app mo app 106 Bus Edit Mo Bus Internal public transport is maintained by Mo Bus My Bus service administrated by CRUT Capital Region Urban Transport along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri The headquarters of the Odisha State Road Transport Corporation OSRTC is in Bhubaneswar The main Bhubaneswar inter state bus terminus is at Barmunda 8 kilometres 5 0 mi from the city centre from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand West Bengal and Chhattisgarh 107 Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by National Highway NH 16 which is a part of the Kolkata Chennai prong of the Golden Quadrilateral NH 203 State Highway 13 Odisha and State Highway 27 Odisha Asian Highway AH 45 passes through the city 35 Show zoomed out Show zoomed mid Show zoomed in Road Edit One of the many fly overs in the city Bhubaneswar has roads in grid form in the central city Bhubaneswar has approximately 1 600 kilometres 990 mi of roads with average road density of 11 82 square kilometres 4 56 sq mi 29 Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus ISBT is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state s cities like Hyderabad Kolkata Visakhapatnam Raipur and Ranchi City bus service Mo Bus runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority 108 A fleet of 300 buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack Puri and Khordha 108 Auto rickshaws are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city In parts of the city cycle rickshaws offer short trips 109 To ease traffic jams over bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction 110 111 In a study of six cities in India Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100 Railway Station Edit Bhubaneswar railway station Bhubaneswar has the following stations Station name Station code Railway zone Number of platformsBhubaneswar BBS East Coast Railway 6Mancheswar MCS East Coast Railway 4Lingaraj Temple Road LGTR East Coast Railway 3Vani Vihar BNBH East Coast Railway 2Patia PTAB East Coast Railway 2New Bhubaneswar BBSN East Coast Railway 7Barang BRAG East Coast Railway 3The East Coast Railway has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar railway station is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here However the station is overloaded by existing traffic Currently the station has six platforms There are plans to add two more platforms 112 A satellite station New Bhubaneswar railway station is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation 113 Airport Edit Biju Patnaik International Airport Biju Patnaik International Airport IATA BBI ICAO VEBS also known as Bhubaneswar Airport 3 kilometres 1 9 mi south of the city centre is the major and sole international airport in Odisha There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to Delhi Hyderabad Mumbai Kolkata Vishakhapatnam Chennai and Bangalore The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are Indigo Vistara AirAsia Berhad AirAsia India and Air India In March 2013 a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic 114 On 10 July 2015 the first international flight took off from terminal 2 of Biju Patnaik International Airport Culture Edit Muktesvara deula covered with erotic ancient carvings known for its quality of sculptures Bindusagara water tank on a winter morning Ravindra Mandapa an auditorium in Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is supposed to have had over one thousand temples earning the tag of the Temple City of India Temples are made in the Kalinga architectural style with a pine spire that curves up to a point over the sanctum housing the presiding deity and a pyramid covered hall where people sit and pray Famous temples include Lingaraja Temple Muktesvara Temple Rajarani Temple Ananta Vasudeva Temple 115 The Kukutesvara Siva Temple is a small 1000 year old shrine to Shiva The twin hills of Khandagiri and Udayagiri served as the site of an ancient Jaina monastery which was carved into cave like chambers in the face of the hill These caves with artistic carvings date back to the 2nd century BCE Dhauli hills has major edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock and a white Peace Pagoda was built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s Apart from the ancient temples other important temples were built in recent times include Ram Mandir and ISKCON Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack is the home of the Odia cinema industry dubbed Ollywood where most of the state s film studios are situated Odia culture survives in the form of Classical Odissi dance handicrafts sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state 116 117 Odissi the oldest of the eight surviving classical dance forms of India can be traced from archaeological evidence from the temples in Bhubaneswar 118 119 120 Odissi dance Edit Odissi dance is generally accompanied by Odissi music Srjan the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra the legendary Odissi dancer is found here 121 122 The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements theatre and private functions 123 Odissi dance Dress and attire Edit Though Odia women traditionally wear the sari shalwar kameez and of late Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women 124 Western style dress has greater acceptance among men although the traditional dhoti and kurta are seen during festivals 125 The Odisha State Museum offers archaeological artefacts weapons local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha s natural and indigenous history 126 The Tribal Research Institute Museum hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen 127 Nandankanan Zoological Park located on the northern outskirt of the city is India s first zoo to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums 128 129 The State Botanical Garden Odisha and Regional Plant Resource Center popularly known as Ekamra Kanan a park and botanical garden has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna The Ekamra Haat is a hand loom and handicrafts market Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks Other museums include Pathani Samanta Planetarium Regional Museum of Natural History Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum Festivals Edit On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April the image of Lingaraja Shiva and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple where the deities remain for four days 130 Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the temple car that carries the deities known as Rukuna Ratha 131 Ratha Yatra Temple Car Festival is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar 132 The festival commemorates Jagannatha who is said to have been the incarnation of India s revered deities Vishnu and Krishna Durga Puja held in September October is an occasion for glamorous celebrations 133 134 As a part of the Ekamra Festival many cultural sub festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which include Kalinga Mahotsaba for traditional martial arts Dhauli Kalinga Mahotsaba for classical dance forms Rajarani Music Festival for classical music and Mukteswara Dance Festival for Odishi dance 135 Residents engage in khattis or leisurely chats that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation 136 Other festivals celebrated include Shivaratri Diwali Ganesha Chaturthi Nuakhai and Saraswati Puja Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city 137 138 139 The Adivasi Mela held in January is a fair that displays the art artefacts tradition culture and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha 140 The Toshali National Crafts Mela held in December showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries 141 Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair Dot Fest 142 and Khandagiri Utsav 143 144 Two international literary festivals are held in the city Kalinga Literary Festival 145 146 and Mystic Kalinga Festival 147 148 In modern times Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival the Odisha Literary Fest 149 Cuisine Edit Pahala rasagola a famous sweet which originated in Odisha Chhena Gaja another famous sweet of Odisha Key elements of the city s cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as Machha Jhola which can be accompanied by desserts such as Rasagola Rasabali Chhena Gaja Chhena Jhilli and Chhena Poda 150 Odisha s large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of lobsters and crabs brought in from Chilika Lake 151 Street foods such as gupchup a deep fried crepe stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas and dipped in tamarind infused water cuttack chaat dahibara aloo dum a deep fried doughnut shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt infused water and served alongside potato curry and bara ghuguni are sold all over the city 152 Traditional Oriya food such as dahi pakhala rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings which is considered as a body coolant accompanied by badi chura or saga are consumed during the months of April June 153 The abadha of Lingaraja Temple and Ananta Vasudeva Temple served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight Other vegetarian dishes are Dalma made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices and Santula lightly spiced steamed vegetables 151 Sports Edit Kalinga Stadium Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Golf Club Bhubaneswar s major sporting arena is the Kalinga Stadium having facilities for athletics football hockey basketball tennis table tennis and swimming 154 155 156 It is known for hosting the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November December 2018 Kalinga Lancers the sixth franchise of Hockey India League and Odisha FC a club of Indian Super League are based in Bhubaneswar with Kalinga Stadium as their home ground East Coast Railway Stadium a prominent cricket stadium hosts Ranji Trophy and other matches 157 Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre a hockey academy for sub junior and junior category has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha Tata Steel amp Tata Trusts Hockey Ace foundation joined hands to initiate a three pronged program under the HPC banner of Government of Odisha 158 The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way An air conditioned indoor stadium with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton volleyball basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed 154 Barabati Stadium in Cuttack Odisha s only venue for international cricket matches is located around 25 kilometres 16 mi away 159 Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League Bhubaneswar Jaguars which started in 2010 Bhubaneswar Golf Club a nine hole golf course is situated in Infocity 160 The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Stadium commonly KIIT Stadium is a new multipurpose stadium located as a part of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University Campus or KIIT University in Bhubaneswar with a capacity of 40 000 currently The 2017 Asian Athletics Championships was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships It was held from 6 9 July 2017 at the Kalinga Stadium Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships with Delhi being the first in 1989 and Pune the second in 2013 161 Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India as the FIH and the IOA president Narindar Batra recently stated in a ceremony while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey which is sponsored by the government of Odisha The state Batra mentioned provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket football field hockey tennis badminton chess and many more 162 Media EditThe city s widely circulated Odia language newspapers are Sambad Dharitri Pragatibadi Samaja News 7 Argus Khabara Orissa Bhaskara Prameya and Samaya 163 Orissa Post and Odia Age are the English language newspaper that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar Other popular English language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include The Times of India The Statesman Hindustan Times The Hindu The Indian Express and the Asian Age 163 Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies including The Economic Times The Financial Express Business Line and Business Standard 163 Vernacular newspapers such as those in the Hindi Bengali and Telugu languages are read by minorities 163 Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include Saptahika Samaya Saptahika Samaja and Kadambini All India Radio the national state owned radio broadcaster airs several AM channels from the radio station located in Cuttack 164 Bhubaneswar has five local radio stations broadcasting on FM including two from AIR 164 165 India s state owned television broadcaster Doordarshan Odia provides two free to air terrestrial channels 166 while a mix of Odia Hindi English and other regional channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct broadcast satellite services Some of the Odia language television channels are Sidarth TV Manjari Colors Odia Sarthak TV and Tarang TV Odia language 24 hour television news channels include News 7 Argus Odisha TV Kanak TV ETV News Odia MBC TV and Naxatra News 167 Notable people EditThe following are some of the notable people associated i e either born or spent a significant part of their life with Bhubaneswar Subroto Bagchi Ranjib Biswal Dutee Chand Nabakrushna Choudhuri Ileana Citaristi Bidhu Bhusan Das Prabhat Nalini Das Pankaj Charan Das J B S Haldane Baidyanath Misra B K Misra Bhubaneswar Mishra Bijay Mohanty Debashish Mohanty Gopinath Mohanty Saraju Mohanty Uttam Mohanty Bibhu Mohapatra Kelucharan Mohapatra Mira Nair Oopali Operajita Sanjukta Panigrahi Ramesh Chandra Parida Prasanna Kumar Patasani Biju Patnaik Janaki Ballabh Patnaik Naveen Patnaik Sudarsan Pattnaik Rakesh Pradhan Trilochan Pradhan Biswa Kalyan Rath Mahasweta Ray Tandra Ray Archita Sahu Salabega Achyuta Samanta Pathani Samanta Helen Spurway Mayadhar Swain lt ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE gt Sister cities Edit Cupertino California United States 16 August 2011 168 169 Bloemfontein South Africa 170 See also EditBhubaneswar ITIR Chari Kshetra Ghanteswara Siva Temple List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar List of parks in Bhubaneswar List of temples in Bhubaneswar List of twin towns and sister cities in India Markandeshwar Siva Temple Nandankanan Zoological Park Sahadevesvara Siva Temple Sankarananda MathaReferences Edit This is Why Bhubaneswar is the Next Emerging Startup Destination of India the Startup Journal Archived from the original on 4 December 2018 Retrieved 4 December 2018 a b Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation www bmc gov in a b c Bhubaneswar Info Blog Archive Bhubaneswar development plan area expands to 1000 sq km a b BBSR India Union Territory Major Agglomerations amp Towns Population Statistics in Maps and Charts City Population Retrieved 28 February 2019 a b The World s Cities in 2016 PDF United Nations October 2016 p 4 Archived PDF from the original on 12 January 2017 Retrieved 19 December 2019 Bhubaneswarites seek better urban mobility 15 October 2015 Archived from the original on 21 December 2018 Retrieved 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original on 8 January 2016 Retrieved 4 January 2016 Odisha capital to be linked with South African city Sambad English 14 October 2017 Retrieved 14 May 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bhubaneswar Wikiquote has quotations related to Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar travel guide from Wikivoyage Official website of Bhubaneshwar Municipal Corporation archived from the original on 19 July 2011 in English Bhubaneshwar Development Authority Ekamra Kshetra The Temple City Bhubaneswar UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bhubaneswar amp oldid 1131557717, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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