Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories Aw (for a dry winter) and As (for a dry summer). The driest month has less than 60 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation and also less than mm of precipitation.[1]: 200–1
Worldwide zones of Tropical savanna climate (Aw/As).
This latter fact is in a direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate, whose driest month sees less than 60 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation but has more than of precipitation. In essence, a tropical savanna climate tends to either see less overall rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season(s).
In tropical savanna climates, the dry season can become severe, and often drought conditions prevail during the course of the year. Tropical savanna climates often feature tree-studded grasslands due to its dryness, rather than thick jungle. It is this widespread occurrence of tall, coarse grass (called savanna) which has led to Aw and As climates often being referred to as the tropical savanna. However, there is some doubt whether tropical grasslands are climatically induced. Additionally, pure savannas, without trees, are the exception rather than the rule.
There are generally four types of tropical savanna climates:
Distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration. Most of the region's annual rainfall is experienced during the wet season and very little precipitation falls during the dry season.
A lengthy dry season and a relatively short wet season. This version features seven or more dry season months and five or fewer wet season months. There are more variations within this version:
On one extreme, the region receives just enough precipitation during the short wet season to preclude it from a semi-arid climate classification. This drier variation of the tropical savanna climate is typically found adjacent to regions with hot semi-arid (BSh) climates.
On the other extreme, the climate features a lengthy dry season followed by a short but extremely rainy wet season. However, regions with this variation of the climate do not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate. These can be found near tropical monsoon climates.
A lengthy wet season and a relatively short dry season. This version features seven or more wet season months and five or fewer dry season months. This version's precipitation pattern is similar to precipitation patterns observed in some tropical monsoon climates but does not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to be classified as such.
A dry season with a noticeable amount of rainfall followed by a rainy wet season. In essence, this version mimics the precipitation patterns more commonly found in a tropical monsoon climate, but do not receive enough precipitation during either the dry season or the year to be classified as such.
Distribution
Dry forest in Thailand.
Tropical savanna climates are most commonly found in Africa, Asia and South America. The climate is also prevalent in sections of Central America, northern Australia, the Pacific Islands, in sections of North America and some islands in the Caribbean. Most places that have this climate are found at the outer margins of the tropical zone, but occasionally an inner-tropical location (e.g., San Marcos, Antioquia, Colombia) also qualifies. Similarly, the Caribbean coast, eastward from the Gulf of Urabá on the Colombia – Panamá border to the Orinoco scriver delta, on the Atlantic Ocean (ca. 4,000 km (2,485 mi)), have long dry periods (the extreme is the BSh climate (see below), characterized by very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in the Guajira, and Coro, western Venezuela, the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive <300 mm (11.8 in) total annual precipitation, practically all in two or three months). This condition extends to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles forming the Circumcaribbean dry belt. The length and severity of the dry season diminishes inland (southward); at the latitude of the Amazon river—which flows eastward, just south of the equatorial line—the climate is Af. East from the Andes, between the arid Caribbean and the ever-wet Amazon, are the Orinoco river Llanos or savannas, from where this climate takes its name.
Sometimes As is used in place of Aw if the dry season occurs during the time of higher sun and longer days. This may also be due to a rain shadow effect that cuts off summer precipitation in a tropical area. This is the case in East Africa (Mombasa, Kenya, Somalia), Sri Lanka (Trincomalee) and coastal regions of Northeastern Brazil (from São Luís[2] through Natal to Maceió), for instance. The difference between 'summer' and 'winter' in such tropical locations is usually so slight that a distinction between an As and Aw climate is a quibble. In most places that have tropical wet and dry climates, however, the dry season occurs during the time of lower sun and shorter days because of reduction of or lack of convection, which in turn is due to the meridional shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the entire course of the year, based on which hemisphere the location sits.
^McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN978-0-13-020263-5.
^Smart, Matthew P. Thought, Action; Impact: Modes of Presentation to Enable an Immersive Reader-Response (Thesis). Queensland University of Technology.
^"World Weather Information Service — Banjul". Retrieved 3 March 2020.
^"Station Name: MONTE CRISTI ... Country: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC". NOAA.
^"Weather Information for Tegucigalpa, Country: HONDURAS". WMO.
January 10, 2023
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Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub type that corresponds to the Koppen climate classification categories Aw for a dry winter and As for a dry summer The driest month has less than 60 mm 2 4 in of precipitation and also less than 100 Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 textstyle 100 left frac text Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 right mm of precipitation 1 200 1 Worldwide zones of Tropical savanna climate Aw As This latter fact is in a direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate whose driest month sees less than 60 mm 2 4 in of precipitation but has more than 100 Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 textstyle 100 left frac text Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 right of precipitation In essence a tropical savanna climate tends to either see less overall rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season s In tropical savanna climates the dry season can become severe and often drought conditions prevail during the course of the year Tropical savanna climates often feature tree studded grasslands due to its dryness rather than thick jungle It is this widespread occurrence of tall coarse grass called savanna which has led to Aw and As climates often being referred to as the tropical savanna However there is some doubt whether tropical grasslands are climatically induced Additionally pure savannas without trees are the exception rather than the rule Contents 1 Versions 2 Distribution 3 Cities with a tropical savanna climate 4 Some examples of tropical savanna climates 5 See also 6 ReferencesVersions EditThere are generally four types of tropical savanna climates Distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration Most of the region s annual rainfall is experienced during the wet season and very little precipitation falls during the dry season A lengthy dry season and a relatively short wet season This version features seven or more dry season months and five or fewer wet season months There are more variations within this version On one extreme the region receives just enough precipitation during the short wet season to preclude it from a semi arid climate classification This drier variation of the tropical savanna climate is typically found adjacent to regions with hot semi arid BSh climates On the other extreme the climate features a lengthy dry season followed by a short but extremely rainy wet season However regions with this variation of the climate do not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate These can be found near tropical monsoon climates A lengthy wet season and a relatively short dry season This version features seven or more wet season months and five or fewer dry season months This version s precipitation pattern is similar to precipitation patterns observed in some tropical monsoon climates but does not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to be classified as such A dry season with a noticeable amount of rainfall followed by a rainy wet season In essence this version mimics the precipitation patterns more commonly found in a tropical monsoon climate but do not receive enough precipitation during either the dry season or the year to be classified as such Distribution Edit Dry forest in Thailand Tropical savanna climates are most commonly found in Africa Asia and South America The climate is also prevalent in sections of Central America northern Australia the Pacific Islands in sections of North America and some islands in the Caribbean Most places that have this climate are found at the outer margins of the tropical zone but occasionally an inner tropical location e g San Marcos Antioquia Colombia also qualifies Similarly the Caribbean coast eastward from the Gulf of Uraba on the Colombia Panama border to the Orinoco scriver delta on the Atlantic Ocean ca 4 000 km 2 485 mi have long dry periods the extreme is the BSh climate see below characterized by very low unreliable precipitation present for instance in extensive areas in the Guajira and Coro western Venezuela the northernmost peninsulas in South America which receive lt 300 mm 11 8 in total annual precipitation practically all in two or three months This condition extends to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles forming the Circumcaribbean dry belt The length and severity of the dry season diminishes inland southward at the latitude of the Amazon river which flows eastward just south of the equatorial line the climate is Af East from the Andes between the arid Caribbean and the ever wet Amazon are the Orinoco river Llanos or savannas from where this climate takes its name Sometimes As is used in place of Aw if the dry season occurs during the time of higher sun and longer days This may also be due to a rain shadow effect that cuts off summer precipitation in a tropical area This is the case in East Africa Mombasa Kenya Somalia Sri Lanka Trincomalee and coastal regions of Northeastern Brazil from Sao Luis 2 through Natal to Maceio for instance The difference between summer and winter in such tropical locations is usually so slight that a distinction between an As and Aw climate is a quibble In most places that have tropical wet and dry climates however the dry season occurs during the time of lower sun and shorter days because of reduction of or lack of convection which in turn is due to the meridional shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the entire course of the year based on which hemisphere the location sits Cities with a tropical savanna climate EditAbidjan Ivory Coast Accra Ghana Bangkok Thailand Banjul The Gambia Barranquilla Colombia Brasilia Brazil Cali Colombia Cancun Mexico Cartagena de Indias Colombia Chennai Tamil Nadu India Dar es Salaam Tanzania Darwin Northern Territory Australia Denpasar Indonesia Dili East Timor Dhaka Bangladesh Guayaquil Ecuador Havana Cuba Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Jaffna Sri Lanka Kano Nigeria Key West Florida United States Kingston Jamaica Khulna Bangladesh Kigali Rwanda Kolkata West Bengal India Kupang West Timor Indonesia Lagos Nigeria Mandalay Myanmar Maputo Mozambique Mombasa Kenya Mumbai Maharashtra India Nha Trang Vietnam Phnom Penh Cambodia Port au Prince Haiti Port Moresby Papua New Guinea Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Rio de Janeiro Brazil San Salvador El Salvador Santiago de los Caballeros Dominican Republic Sanya Hainan China Surabaya Indonesia Tangail Bangladesh Tegucigalpa Honduras Trincomalee Sri Lanka Vientiane Laos Some examples of tropical savanna climates Edit Banjul The GambiaClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 5 32 16 0 34 17 0 34 18 0 33 19 1 3 32 20 63 32 23 232 31 24 347 30 23 255 31 23 76 32 22 1 6 33 19 0 7 32 16Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource BBC Weather 3 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 89 60 0 92 62 0 93 64 0 91 66 0 1 89 69 2 5 89 73 9 1 87 74 14 86 74 10 88 73 3 89 72 0 1 91 66 0 89 61Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesMonte Cristi Dominican RepublicClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 74 29 19 47 29 20 48 30 20 59 31 21 60 32 22 40 33 23 22 34 23 28 34 23 35 34 23 68 33 22 108 31 21 84 29 20Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource NOAA 4 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 2 9 84 67 1 9 85 67 1 9 86 68 2 3 87 70 2 4 89 72 1 6 92 73 0 8 92 74 1 1 93 74 1 4 93 73 2 7 91 72 4 3 87 70 3 3 85 68Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesBrasilia BrazilClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 241 27 17 215 27 17 189 27 18 124 27 17 39 26 15 8 8 25 13 12 25 13 13 27 15 52 28 16 172 28 17 238 27 18 249 26 18Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource World Weather Information Service 1 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 9 5 80 63 8 5 80 63 7 4 81 64 4 9 80 62 1 5 78 59 0 3 77 56 0 5 77 55 0 5 81 58 2 83 61 6 8 82 63 9 4 80 64 9 8 79 64Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesDarwin AustraliaClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 466 32 25 373 32 25 335 32 25 108 33 24 25 32 23 2 3 31 20 1 2 31 20 5 8 32 20 18 33 23 65 34 25 137 34 26 276 33 26Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 18 89 77 15 89 77 13 90 76 4 2 91 76 1 90 73 0 1 87 68 0 87 67 0 2 89 69 0 7 91 74 2 6 92 77 5 4 92 78 11 91 78Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesTegucigalpa HondurasClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 5 3 26 14 4 7 27 15 9 9 30 16 43 30 17 144 30 18 159 29 18 82 28 18 89 29 18 177 29 18 109 27 18 40 26 16 9 9 25 15Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource WMO 5 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 2 78 58 0 2 81 58 0 4 85 60 1 7 86 63 5 6 86 65 6 2 83 65 3 2 82 64 3 5 83 64 7 83 64 4 3 81 64 1 6 79 61 0 4 78 59Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesHo Chi Minh City VietnamClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 14 32 21 4 1 33 23 11 34 24 50 35 26 218 34 25 312 32 25 294 32 24 270 32 24 327 31 24 267 31 24 117 31 23 48 31 21Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 3 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 5 89 70 0 2 91 73 0 4 93 76 2 94 78 8 6 93 77 12 90 76 12 90 76 11 89 76 13 88 76 11 88 75 4 6 88 73 1 9 87 71Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inches See also Edit Tropics Koppen climate classification Tropical marine climateReferences Edit McKnight Tom L Hess Darrel 2000 Climate Zones and Types Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation Upper Saddle River New Jersey Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 020263 5 Smart Matthew P Thought Action Impact Modes of Presentation to Enable an Immersive Reader Response Thesis Queensland University of Technology World Weather Information Service Banjul Retrieved 3 March 2020 Station Name MONTE CRISTI Country DOMINICAN REPUBLIC NOAA Weather Information for Tegucigalpa Country HONDURAS WMO Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropical savanna climate amp oldid 1113725463, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
