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Wikipedia

Ericsson

January 13, 2023

For other uses, see Ericsson (disambiguation).

Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (lit. "Telephone Stock Company of LM Ericsson"), commonly known as Ericsson, is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm. The company sells infrastructure, software, and services in information and communications technology for telecommunications service providers and enterprises, including, among others, 3G, 4G, and 5G equipment, and Internet Protocol (IP) and optical transport systems. The company employs around 100,000 people and operates in more than 180 countries.[5] Ericsson has over 57,000 granted patents.[6]

Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
Ericsson's headquarters in Kista, Stockholm
TypePublicly traded aktiebolag
ISIN
Industry
FoundedStockholm, Sweden
(1876; 147 years ago (1876))
FounderLars Magnus Ericsson
HeadquartersKista, Stockholm, Sweden
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsMobile and fixed broadband networks, consultancy and managed services, TV and multimedia technology
Revenue 232.314 billion kr (2021)[3]
31.780 billion kr (2021)[3]
22.980 billion kr (2021)[3]
Total assets 305.614 billion kr (2021)[3]
Total equity 107.099 billion kr (2021)[3]
Owners
  • Investor AB (8.00%; 23.79% votes)[4]
  • AB Industrivärden (2.61%; 15.14% votes)[4]
  • AMF Tjänstepension & AMF Fonder (1.87%; 4.36% votes)[4]
Number of employees
 101,322 (2021)[3]
Subsidiaries
Websiteericsson.com

Ericsson has been a major contributor to the development of the telecommunications industry and is one of the leaders in 5G.[7]

The company was founded in 1876 by Lars Magnus Ericsson[8] and is jointly controlled by the Wallenberg family through its holding company Investor AB, and the universal bank Handelsbanken through its investment company Industrivärden. The Wallenbergs and the Handelsbanken sphere acquired their voting-strong A-shares, and thus the control of Ericsson, after the fall of the Kreuger empire in the early 1930s.[9][10]

Ericsson is the inventor of Bluetooth technology.[11]

History

Foundation

 
Lars Magnus Ericsson

Lars Magnus Ericsson began his association with telephones in his youth as an instrument maker. He worked for a firm that made telegraph equipment for the Swedish government agency Telegrafverket. In 1876, at the age of 30, he started a telegraph repair shop with help from his friend Carl Johan Andersson in central Stockholm and repaired foreign-made telephones. In 1878 Ericsson began making and selling his telephone equipment. His telephones were not technically innovative. In 1878 he agreed to supply telephones and switchboards to Sweden's first telecommunications operating company, Stockholms Allmänna Telefonaktiebolag.[8]

International expansion

 
An early, wooden, Ericsson telephone, made by the Ericsson Telephone Co. Ltd., of Nottingham, England, it is now in the collection of Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum.

As production grew in the late 1890s, and the Swedish market seemed to be reaching saturation, Ericsson expanded into foreign markets through a number of agents. The UK (Ericsson Telephones Ltd.) and Russia were early markets, where factories were later established to improve the chances of gaining local contracts and augment the output of the Swedish factory. In the UK, the National Telephone Company was a major customer; by 1897 sold 28% of its output in the UK. The Nordic countries were also Ericsson customers; they were encouraged by the growth of telephone services in Sweden.[8]

Other countries and colonies were exposed to Ericsson products through the influence of their parent countries. These included Australia and New Zealand, which by the late 1890s were Ericsson's largest non-European markets. Mass production techniques were now firmly established; telephones were losing some of their ornate finish and decoration.[12]

Despite their successes elsewhere, Ericsson did not make significant sales in the United States. The Bell Group, Kellogg and Automatic Electric dominated the market. Ericsson eventually sold its U.S. assets. Sales in Mexico led to inroads into South American countries. South Africa and China were also generating significant sales. With his company now multinational, Lars Ericsson stepped down from the company in 1901.

Automatic equipment

 
LM Ericsson's former headquarters at Telefonplan in Stockholm, see LM Ericsson building

Ericsson ignored the growth of automatic telephony in the United States and concentrated on manual exchange designs. Their first dial telephone was produced in 1921, although sales of the early automatic switching systems were slow until the equipment had proven itself on the world's markets. Telephones of this period had a simpler design and finish, and many of the early automatic desk telephones in Ericsson's catalogues were magneto styles with a dial on the front and appropriate changes to the electronics. Elaborate decals decorated the cases.[8] World War I, the subsequent Great Depression and the loss of its Russian assets after the Revolution slowed the company's development while sales to other countries fell by about half.[13]

Shareholding changes

The acquisition of other telecommunications companies put pressure on Ericsson's finances; in 1925, Karl Fredric Wincrantz took control of the company by acquiring most of the shares. Wincrantz was partly funded by Ivar Kreuger, an international financier. The company was renamed Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson. Kreuger started showing interest in the company, being a major owner of Wincrantz holding companies.[8]

Wallenberg era begins

Ericsson was saved from bankruptcy and closure with the help of banks including Stockholms Enskilda Bank (now Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken) and other Swedish investment banks controlled by the Wallenberg family, and some Swedish government backing. Marcus Wallenberg Jr. negotiated a deal with several Swedish banks to rebuild Ericsson financially. The banks gradually increased their possession of LM Ericsson "A" shares, while ITT was still the largest shareholder. In 1960, the Wallenberg family bought ITT's shares in Ericsson, and has since controlled the company.[8]

Market development

 
The Ericsson DBH1001 (1931) was the first combined telephone set with a housing and handset made from Bakelite. The design is attributed to Jean Heiberg.
 
The Ericsson DBH15 telephone, a successor of the DBH 1001 and redesigned in 1947 by Gerard Kiljan

In the 1920s and 1930s, the world telephone markets were being organized and stabilized by many governments. The fragmented town-by-town systems serviced by small, private companies that had evolved were integrated and offered for lease to a single company. Ericsson obtained some leases, which represented further sales of equipment to the growing networks. Ericsson got almost one-third of its sales under the control of its telephone operating companies.[8]

Further development

Ericsson introduced the world's first fully automatic mobile telephone system, MTA, in 1956.[14] It released one of the world's first hands-free speaker telephones in the 1960s. In 1954, it released the Ericofon. Ericsson crossbar switching equipment was used in telephone administrations in many countries.[15] In 1983 the company introduced the ERIPAX suite of network products and services.

Emergence of the Internet (1995–2003)

In the 1990s, during the emergence of the Internet, Ericsson was regarded as slow to realize its potential and falling behind in the area of IP technology.[16] But the company had established an Internet project in 1995 called Infocom Systems to exploit opportunities leading from fixed-line telecom and IT. CEO Lars Ramqvist wrote in the 1996 annual report that in all three of its business areas – Mobile Telephones and Terminals, Mobile Systems, and Infocom Systems – "we will expand our operations as they relate to customer service and Internet Protocol (IP) access (Internet and intranet access)".[17]

 
An Ericsson GH337 (1995) and Ericsson T28 (1999) mobile phones

The growth of GSM, which became a de facto world standard, combined with Ericsson's other mobile standards, such as D-AMPS and PDC, meant that by the start of 1997, Ericsson had an estimated 40% share of the world's mobile market, with around 54 million subscribers. There were also around 188 million AXE lines in place or on order in 117 countries.[17] Telecom and chip companies worked in the 1990s to provide Internet access over mobile telephones. Early versions such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) used packet data over the existing GSM network, in a form known as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), but these services, known as 2.5G, were fairly rudimentary and did not achieve much mass-market success.[citation needed]

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) had prepared the specifications for a 3G mobile service that included several technologies. Ericsson pushed hard for the WCDMA (wideband CDMA) form based on the GSM standard and began testing it in 1996. Japanese operator NTT Docomo signed deals to partner with Ericsson and Nokia, who came together in 1997 to support WCDMA over rival standards. DoCoMo was the first operator with a live 3G network, using its own version of WCDMA called FOMA. Ericsson was a significant developer of the WCDMA version of GSM, while US-based chip developer Qualcomm promoted the alternative system CDMA2000, building on the popularity of CDMA in the US market. This resulted in a patent infringement lawsuit that was resolved in March 1999[18] when the two companies agreed to pay each other royalties for the use of their respective technologies and Ericsson purchased Qualcomm's wireless infrastructure business and some R&D resources.[19]

Ericsson issued a profit warning in March 2001. Over the coming year, sales to operators halved.[20] Mobile telephones became a burden; the company's telephones unit made a loss of SEK 24 billion in 2000. A fire in a Philips chip factory in New Mexico in March 2000 caused severe disruption to Ericsson's phone production,[21] dealing a coup de grâce to Ericsson's mobile phone hopes. Mobile phones would be spun off into a joint venture with Sony, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, in October 2001.[22] Ericsson launched several rounds of restructuring, refinancing and job-cutting; during 2001, staff numbers fell from 107,000 to 85,000.[23] A further 20,000 went the next year,[24] and 11,000 more in 2003.[25] A new rights issue raised SEK 30 billion to keep the company afloat. The company had survived as mobile Internet started growing. With record profits, it was in better shape than many of its competitors.[26]

Rebuilding and growing (2003–2018)

The emergence of full mobile Internet began a period of growth for the global telecom industry, including Ericsson. After the launch of 3G services in 2003,[27][28] people started to access the Internet using their telephones.

Ericsson was working on ways to improve WCDMA as operators were buying and rolling it out; it was the first generation of 3G access. New advances included IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) and the next evolution of WCDMA, called High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA). It was initially deployed in the download version called HSDPA; the technology spread from the first test calls in the US in late 2005[29] to 59 commercial networks in September 2006.[30] HSPA would provide the world's first mobile broadband.

In July 2016, Hans Vestberg stepped down as Ericsson's CEO after heading the company for six years. Jan Frykhammar, who has been working for the company since 1991 will be stepping in as interim CEO as Ericsson searches for a full-time replacement.[31] On 16 January 2017, following Ericsson's announcement on 26 October 2016, new CEO Börje Ekholm started and interim CEO Jan Frykhammar stepped down the following day.[32]

In June 2018, Ericsson, Inc. and Ericsson AB have agreed to pay $145,893 to settle potential civil liability for an apparent violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations, 31 C.F.R. part 538 (SSR).1[33]

Acquisitions and cooperation

Around 2000, companies and governments began to push for standards for mobile Internet. In May 2000, the European Commission created the Wireless Strategic Initiative,[34] a consortium of four telecommunications suppliers in Europe – Ericsson, Nokia, Alcatel (France) and Siemens (Germany) – to develop and test new prototypes for advanced wireless communications systems. Later that year, the consortium partners invited other companies to join them in a Wireless World Research Forum in 2001.[35] In December 1999, Microsoft and Ericsson announced a strategic partnership to combine the former's web browser and server software with the latter's mobile-internet technologies.[36] In 2000, the Dot-com bubble burst with marked economic implications for Sweden. Ericsson, the world's largest producer of mobile telecommunications equipment, shed thousands of jobs, as did the country's Internet consulting firms and dot-com start-ups. In the same year, Intel, the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer, signed a $1.5 billion deal to supply flash memory to Ericsson over the next three years.[37]

The short-lived joint venture called Ericsson Microsoft Mobile Venture, owned 70/30 percent by Ericsson and Microsoft, respectively, ended in October 2001 when Ericsson announced it would absorb the former joint venture and adopt a licensing agreement with Microsoft instead.[38] The same month, Ericsson announced the launch of Sony Ericsson, a joint venture mobile telephone business, together with Sony.[39] Sony Ericsson remained in operation until February 2012, when Sony bought out Ericsson's share; Ericsson said it wanted to focus on the global wireless market as a whole.[40][41]

Lower stock prices and job losses affected many telecommunications companies in 2001. The major equipment manufacturers – Motorola (U.S.), Lucent Technologies (U.S.), Cisco Systems (U.S.), Marconi (UK), Siemens (Germany), Nokia (Finland), as well as Ericsson – all announced job cuts in their home countries and subsidiaries around the world. Ericsson's workforce worldwide fell during 2001 from 107,000 to 85,000.[42]

In September 2001, Ericsson purchased the remaining shares in EHPT from Hewlett Packard.[43] Founded in 1993, Ericsson Hewlett Packard Telecom (EHPT) was a joint venture made up of 60% Ericsson interests and 40% Hewlett-Packard interests.[44]

In 2002, ICT investor losses topped $2 trillion and share prices fell by 95% until August that year. More than half a million people lost their jobs in the global telecom industry over the two years.[45] The collapse of U.S. carrier WorldCom, with more than $107 billion in assets, was the biggest in U.S. history.[46] The sector's problems caused bankruptcies and job losses, and led to changes in the leadership of several major companies. Ericsson made 20,000 more staff redundant and raised about $3 billion from its shareholders.[47] In June 2002, Infineon Technologies (then the sixth-largest semiconductor supplier and a subsidiary of Siemens) bought Ericsson's microelectronics unit for $400 million.[48]

Ericsson was an official backer in the 2005 launch of the .mobi top-level domain created specifically for the mobile internet.[49]

Co-operation with Hewlett-Packard did not end with EHPT; in 2003 Ericsson outsourced its IT to HP, which included Managed Services, Help Desk Support, Data Center Operations, and HP Utility Data Center. The contract was extended in 2008.[50] In October 2005, Ericsson acquired the bulk of the troubled UK telecommunications manufacturer Marconi Company, including its brand name that dates back to the creation of the original Marconi Company by the "father of radio" Guglielmo Marconi.[51] In September 2006, Ericsson sold the greater part of its defense business Ericsson Microwave Systems, which mainly produced sensor and radar systems, to Saab AB, which renamed the company to Saab Microwave Systems.[52]

In 2007, Ericsson acquired carrier edge-router maker Redback Networks, and then Entrisphere, a US-based company providing fiber-access technology.[53] In September 2007, Ericsson acquired an 84% interest in German customer-care and billing software firm LHS, a stake later raised to 100%.[54] In 2008, Ericsson sold its enterprise PBX division[55] to Aastra Technologies, and acquired Tandberg Television, the television technology division[56] of Norwegian company Tandberg. == In 2009, Ericsson bought the CDMA2000 and LTE business of Nortel's carrier networks division for US$1.18 billion;[57] Bizitek, a Turkish business support systems integrator; the Estonian manufacturing operations of electronic manufacturing company Elcoteq; and completed its acquisition of LHS.[58] Acquisitions in 2010 included assets from the Strategy and Technology Group of inCode, a North American business and consulting-services company;[59] Nortel's majority shareholding (50% plus one share) in LG-Nortel, a joint venture between LG Electronics and Nortel Networks providing sales, R&D and industrial capacity in South Korea, now known as Ericsson-LG; further Nortel carrier-division assets, relating from Nortel's GSM business in the United States and Canada; Optimi Corporation, a U.S.–Spanish telecommunications vendor specializing in network optimization and management;[60] and Pride, a consulting and systems-integration company operating in Italy.

In 2011, Ericsson acquired manufacturing and research facilities, and staff from the Guangdong Nortel Telecommunication Equipment Company (GDNT)[61] as well as Nortel's Multiservice Switch business.[62] Ericsson acquired U.S. company Telcordia Technologies in January 2012,[63] an operations and business support systems (OSS/BSS) company.[64] In March, Ericsson announced it was buying the broadcast-services division of Technicolor, a media broadcast technology company.[65] In April 2012 Ericsson completed the acquisition of BelAir Networks a strong Wi-Fi network technology company.[66]

On 3 May 2013, Ericsson announced it would divest its power cable operations to Danish company NKT Holding.[67] On 1 July 2013, Ericsson announced it would acquire the media management company Red Bee Media, subject to regulatory approval.[68] The acquisition was completed on 9 May 2014.[69] In September 2013, Ericsson completed its acquisition of Microsoft's Mediaroom business and televisions services, originally announced in April the same year. The acquisition makes Ericsson the largest provider of IPTV and multi-screen services in the world, by market share; it was renamed Ericsson Mediaroom.[70] In September 2014, Ericsson acquired majority stake in Apcera for cloud policy compliance.[71] In October 2015, Ericsson completed the acquisition of Envivio, a software encoding company.[72] In April 2016, Ericsson acquired Polish and Ukrainian operations of software development company Ericpol, a long-time supplier to Ericsson.[73] Approximately 2,300 Ericpol employees joined Ericsson, bringing software development competence in radio, cloud, and IP.

On 20 June 2017, Bloomberg disclosed that Ericsson hired Morgan Stanley to explore the sale of its media businesses.[74] The Red Bee Media business was kept in-house as an independent subsidiary company, as no suitable buyer was found, but a 51% stake of the remainder of the Media Solution division was sold to private equity firm One Equity Partners, the new company being named MediaKind. The transaction was completed on 31 January 2019.[75] In February 2018, Ericsson acquired the location-based mobile data management platform Placecast. Ericsson has since integrated Placecast's platform and capabilities with its programmatic mobile ad subsidiary, Emodo.[76] In May 2018, SoftBank partnered with Ericsson to trial new radio technology.[77] In September 2020, Ericsson acquired US-based carrier equipment manufacturer Cradlepoint for $1.1 billion.[78]

In November 2021, Ericsson announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Vonage for $6.2 billion.[79] The acquisition completed in July 2022.[80]

Corporate governance

As of 2016, members of the board of directors of LM Ericsson were: Leif Johansson, Jacob Wallenberg, Kristin S. Rinne, Helena Stjernholm, Sukhinder Singh Cassidy, Börje Ekholm, Ulf J. Johansson, Mikael Lännqvist, Zlatko Hadzic, Kjell-Åke Soting, Nora Denzel, Kristin Skogen Lund, Pehr Claesson, Karin Åberg and Roger Svensson.[81]

Research and development

Ericsson has structured its R&D in three levels depending on when products or technologies will be introduced to customers and users.[82][better source needed] Its research and development organization is part of 'Group Function Technology' and addresses several facets of network architecture: wireless access networks; radio access technologies; broadband technologies; packet technologies; multimedia technologies; services software; EMF safety and sustainability; security; and global services.[83] The head of research since 2012 is Sara Mazur.[84]

Group Function Technology holds research co-operations with several major universities and research institutes including Lund University in Sweden, Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary and Beijing Institute of Technology in China.[85] Ericsson also holds research co-operations within several European research programs such as GigaWam and OASE.[86] Ericsson holds 33,000 granted patents and is the number-one holder of GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, and LTE essential patents.[87] In 2021, the WIPO’s annual World Intellectual Property Indicators report ranked Ericsson's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 6th in the world, with 1,989 patent applications being published during 2020.[88] This position is up from their previous ranking as 7th in 2019 with 1,698 applications.[89]

Ericsson hosts a developer program called Ericsson Developer Connection designed to encourage development of applications and services.[90] Ericsson also has an open innovation initiative for beta applications and beta API's & tools called Ericsson Labs.[91] The company hosts several internal innovation competitions among its employees.[92]

In May 2022, it was announced that Ericsson and Intel are pooling R&D excellence to create high-performing Cloud RAN solutions. The organisations have pooled to launch a tech hub in California, USA. The hub focuses on the benefits that Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology can bring to: improving energy efficiency and network performance, reducing time to market, and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications.[93]

Products and services

Ericsson's business includes technology research, development, network systems and software development, and running operations for telecom service providers.[83][94] and software[95][96] Ericsson offers end-to-end services for all major mobile communication standards,[97] and has three main business units.[98]

Business Area Networks

Business Area Networks, previously called Business Unit Networks, develop network infrastructure for communication needs over mobile and fixed connections.[98] Its products include radio base stations, radio network controllers, mobile switching centers and service application nodes. Operators use Ericsson products to migrate from 2G to 3G and, most recently, to 4G networks.[99]

The company's network division has been described as a driver in the development of 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE and 5G technology, and the evolution towards all-IP,[100] and it develops and deploys advanced LTE systems,[101] but it is still developing the older GSM,[102][103] WCDMA, and CDMA technologies.[104] The company's networks portfolio also includes microwave transport, Internet Protocol (IP) networks, fixed-access services for copper and fiber, and mobile broadband modules, several levels of fixed broadband access,[105][106] radio access networks from small pico cells to high-capacity macro cells and controllers for radio base stations.[107][108]

Network services

Ericsson's network rollout services employ in-house capabilities, subcontractors and central resources to make changes to live networks.[109] Services such as technology deployment, network transformation, support services and network optimization are also provided.[110]

Business Area Digital Services

This unit provides core networks, Operations Support Systems such as network management and analytics, and Business Support Systems such as billing and mediation. Within the Digital Services unit, there is an m-Commerce offering, which focuses on service providers and facilitates their working with financial institutions and intermediaries.[111] Ericsson has announced m-commerce deals with Western Union[112] and African wireless carrier MTN.[113]

Business Area Managed Services

The unit is active in 180 countries; it supplies managed services,[114] systems integration, consulting, network rollout, design and optimization, broadcast services, learning services and support.[110][115][116][117]

The company also works with television and media, public safety, and utilities. Ericsson claims to manage networks that serve more than 1 billion subscribers worldwide,[118] and to support customer networks that serve more than 2.5 billion subscribers.

Broadcast services

Ericsson's Broadcast Services unit was evolved into a unit called Red Bee Media, which has been spun out into a joint venture. It deals with the playout of live and pre-recorded, commercial and public service television programmes, including presentation (continuity announcements), trailers, and ancillary access services such as closed-caption subtitles, audio description and in-vision sign language interpreters.[119] Its media management services consist of Managed Media Preparation and Managed Media Internet Delivery.[120]

Divested businesses

Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (Sony Ericsson) was a joint venture with Sony that merged the previous mobile telephone operations of both companies. It manufactured mobile telephones, accessories and personal computer (PC) cards. Sony Ericsson was responsible for product design and development, marketing, sales, distribution and customer services. On 16 February 2012, Sony announced it had completed the full acquisition of Sony Ericsson,[121][122] after which it changed name to Sony Mobile Communications, and nearly a year later it moved headquarters from Sweden to Japan.

Further information: List of Sony Ericsson products

Mobile phones

As a joint venture with Sony, Ericsson's mobile telephone production was moved into the company Sony Ericsson in 2001. The following is a list of mobile phones marketed under the brand name Ericsson.

 
GF 768
  • Ericsson GS88 – Cancelled mobile telephone where Ericsson invented the "Smartphone" name for
  • Ericsson GA628 – Known for its Z80 CPU
  • Ericsson SH888 – First mobile telephone to have wireless modem capabilities
  • Ericsson A1018 – Dualband cellphone, notably easy to hack
  • Ericsson A2618 & Ericsson A2628 – Dualband cellphones. Use graphical LCD display based on PCF8548 I²C controller.[123]
  • Ericsson PF768
  • Ericsson GF768
  • Ericsson DH318 - One of the earliest TDMA/AMPS phones in the USA
  • Ericsson GH388
  • Ericsson T10 – Colourful Cellphone
  • Ericsson T18 – Business model of the T10, with active flip
  • Ericsson T28 – Very slim telephone. Uses lithium polymer batteries. Ericsson T28 FAQ 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine use graphical LCD display based on PCF8558 I²C controller.
  • Ericsson T20s
  • Ericsson T29s – Similar to the T28s, but with WAP support
  • Ericsson T29m – pre-alpha prototype for the T39m
  • Ericsson T36m – Prototype for the T39m. Announced in yellow and blue. Never hit the market due to release T39m
  • Ericsson T39 – Similar to the T28, but with a GPRS modem, Bluetooth and triband capabilities
  • Ericsson T65
  • Ericsson T66
  • Ericsson T68m – The first Ericsson handset to have a color display, later branded as Sony Ericsson T68i
  • Ericsson R250s Pro – Fully dust and water resistant telephone
  • Ericsson R310s
  • Ericsson R320s
  • Ericsson R320s Titan – Limited Edition with titanium front
  • Ericsson R320s GPRS – Prototype for testing GPRS networks
  • Ericsson R360m – Pre-alpha prototype for the R520m
  • Ericsson R380 – First cellphone to use the Symbian OS
  • Ericsson R520m – Similar to the T39, but in a candy bar form factor[clarification needed] and with added features such as a built-in speakerphone and an optical proximity sensor
  • Ericsson R520m UMTS – Prototype to test UMTS networks
  • Ericsson R520m SyncML – Prototype to test the SyncML implementation
  • Ericsson R580m – Announced in several press releases. Supposed to be a successor of the R380s without external antenna and with color display
  • Ericsson R600

Telephones

Ericsson Mobile Platforms

Ericsson Mobile Platforms existed for eight years; on 12 February 2009, Ericsson announced it would be merged with the mobile platform company of STMicroelectronics, ST-NXP Wireless, to create a 50/50 joint venture owned by Ericsson and STMicroelectronics.[124] This joint venture was divested in 2013 and remaining activities can be found in Ericsson Modems and STMicroelectronics. Ericsson Mobile Platform ceased being a legal entity early 2009.[125]

Ericsson Enterprise

Starting in 1983 Ericsson Enterprise provided communications systems and services for businesses, public entities and educational institutions. It produced products for voice over Internet protocol (VoIP)-based private branch exchanges (PBX), wireless local area networks (WLAN), and mobile intranets. Ericsson Enterprise operated mainly from Sweden but also operated through regional units and other partners/distributors. In 2008 it was sold to Aastra.[126][127]

Corruption

On 7 December 2019, Ericsson agreed to pay more than $1.2 billion (€1.09 billion) to settle U.S. Department of Justice FCPA criminal and civil investigations into foreign corruption. US authorities accused the company of conducting a campaign of corruption between 2000 and 2016 across China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Kuwait and Djibouti. Ericsson admitted to paying bribes, falsifying books and records and failing to implement reasonable internal accounting controls in an attempt to strengthen its position in the telecommunications industry.[128][129][130]

In 2022, an internal investigation into corruption inside the company was leaked by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.[131] It detailed corruption in at least 10 countries. Ericsson has admitted "serious breaches of compliance rules".[132]

The leak also revealed that some subcontractors working on behalf of Ericsson paid bribes to the Islamic State in order to continue operating the telecom network in occupied regions of Iraq.[133]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • John Meurling & Richard Jeans (1994) A switch in time: AXE – creating a foundation for the information age. London: Communications Week International. ISBN 0-9524031-1-0.
  • John Meurling & Richard Jeans (1997). The ugly duckling. Stockholm: Ericsson Mobile Communications. ISBN 91-630-5452-3.
  • John Meurling & Richard Jeans (2000). The Ericsson Chronicle: 125 years in telecommunications. Stockholm: Informationsförlaget. ISBN 91-7736-464-3.
  • The Mobile Phone Book: The Invention of the Mobile Telephone Industry. ISBN 0-9524031-0-2
  • Mobile media and applications – from concept to cash: successful service creation and launch. ISBN 0-470-01747-3
  • Anders Pehrsson (1996). International Strategies in Telecommunications. London: Routledge Research. ISBN 0-415-14829-4

External links

  •   Media related to Ericsson at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website
  • General reference to all chapters on the Ericsson history: "The History of Ericsson". Center for Business History, Stockholm, and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  • Ericsson Logo

January 13, 2023
ericsson, other, uses, disambiguation, telefonaktiebolaget, telephone, stock, company, commonly, known, swedish, multinational, networking, telecommunications, company, headquartered, stockholm, company, sells, infrastructure, software, services, information, . For other uses see Ericsson disambiguation Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson lit Telephone Stock Company of LM Ericsson commonly known as Ericsson is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm The company sells infrastructure software and services in information and communications technology for telecommunications service providers and enterprises including among others 3G 4G and 5G equipment and Internet Protocol IP and optical transport systems The company employs around 100 000 people and operates in more than 180 countries 5 Ericsson has over 57 000 granted patents 6 Telefonaktiebolaget LM EricssonEricsson s headquarters in Kista StockholmTypePublicly traded aktiebolagTraded asNasdaq Stockholm ERIC A ERIC B Nasdaq ERICISINSE0000108649 1 SE0000108656 2 IndustryTelecommunicationsNetworkingFoundedStockholm Sweden 1876 147 years ago 1876 FounderLars Magnus EricssonHeadquartersKista Stockholm SwedenArea servedWorldwideKey peopleRonnie Leten Chairman Borje Ekholm President and CEO ProductsMobile and fixed broadband networks consultancy and managed services TV and multimedia technologyRevenue232 314 billion kr 2021 3 Operating income31 780 billion kr 2021 3 Net income22 980 billion kr 2021 3 Total assets305 614 billion kr 2021 3 Total equity107 099 billion kr 2021 3 OwnersInvestor AB 8 00 23 79 votes 4 AB Industrivarden 2 61 15 14 votes 4 AMF Tjanstepension amp AMF Fonder 1 87 4 36 votes 4 Number of employees101 322 2021 3 SubsidiariesCradlepointEmodoiconectivinCode ConsultingRed Bee MediaVonageWebsiteericsson comEricsson has been a major contributor to the development of the telecommunications industry and is one of the leaders in 5G 7 The company was founded in 1876 by Lars Magnus Ericsson 8 and is jointly controlled by the Wallenberg family through its holding company Investor AB and the universal bank Handelsbanken through its investment company Industrivarden The Wallenbergs and the Handelsbanken sphere acquired their voting strong A shares and thus the control of Ericsson after the fall of the Kreuger empire in the early 1930s 9 10 Ericsson is the inventor of Bluetooth technology 11 Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation 1 2 International expansion 1 3 Automatic equipment 1 4 Shareholding changes 1 5 Wallenberg era begins 1 6 Market development 1 7 Further development 1 8 Emergence of the Internet 1995 2003 1 9 Rebuilding and growing 2003 2018 1 10 Acquisitions and cooperation 2 Corporate governance 3 Research and development 4 Products and services 4 1 Business Area Networks 4 1 1 Network services 4 2 Business Area Digital Services 4 3 Business Area Managed Services 4 4 Broadcast services 5 Divested businesses 5 1 Mobile phones 5 2 Telephones 5 3 Ericsson Mobile Platforms 5 4 Ericsson Enterprise 6 Corruption 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory EditFoundation Edit Lars Magnus Ericsson Lars Magnus Ericsson began his association with telephones in his youth as an instrument maker He worked for a firm that made telegraph equipment for the Swedish government agency Telegrafverket In 1876 at the age of 30 he started a telegraph repair shop with help from his friend Carl Johan Andersson in central Stockholm and repaired foreign made telephones In 1878 Ericsson began making and selling his telephone equipment His telephones were not technically innovative In 1878 he agreed to supply telephones and switchboards to Sweden s first telecommunications operating company Stockholms Allmanna Telefonaktiebolag 8 International expansion Edit An early wooden Ericsson telephone made by the Ericsson Telephone Co Ltd of Nottingham England it is now in the collection of Thinktank Birmingham Science Museum As production grew in the late 1890s and the Swedish market seemed to be reaching saturation Ericsson expanded into foreign markets through a number of agents The UK Ericsson Telephones Ltd and Russia were early markets where factories were later established to improve the chances of gaining local contracts and augment the output of the Swedish factory In the UK the National Telephone Company was a major customer by 1897 sold 28 of its output in the UK The Nordic countries were also Ericsson customers they were encouraged by the growth of telephone services in Sweden 8 Other countries and colonies were exposed to Ericsson products through the influence of their parent countries These included Australia and New Zealand which by the late 1890s were Ericsson s largest non European markets Mass production techniques were now firmly established telephones were losing some of their ornate finish and decoration 12 Despite their successes elsewhere Ericsson did not make significant sales in the United States The Bell Group Kellogg and Automatic Electric dominated the market Ericsson eventually sold its U S assets Sales in Mexico led to inroads into South American countries South Africa and China were also generating significant sales With his company now multinational Lars Ericsson stepped down from the company in 1901 Automatic equipment Edit LM Ericsson s former headquarters at Telefonplan in Stockholm see LM Ericsson building Ericsson ignored the growth of automatic telephony in the United States and concentrated on manual exchange designs Their first dial telephone was produced in 1921 although sales of the early automatic switching systems were slow until the equipment had proven itself on the world s markets Telephones of this period had a simpler design and finish and many of the early automatic desk telephones in Ericsson s catalogues were magneto styles with a dial on the front and appropriate changes to the electronics Elaborate decals decorated the cases 8 World War I the subsequent Great Depression and the loss of its Russian assets after the Revolution slowed the company s development while sales to other countries fell by about half 13 Shareholding changes Edit The acquisition of other telecommunications companies put pressure on Ericsson s finances in 1925 Karl Fredric Wincrantz took control of the company by acquiring most of the shares Wincrantz was partly funded by Ivar Kreuger an international financier The company was renamed Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Kreuger started showing interest in the company being a major owner of Wincrantz holding companies 8 Wallenberg era begins Edit Ericsson was saved from bankruptcy and closure with the help of banks including Stockholms Enskilda Bank now Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken and other Swedish investment banks controlled by the Wallenberg family and some Swedish government backing Marcus Wallenberg Jr negotiated a deal with several Swedish banks to rebuild Ericsson financially The banks gradually increased their possession of LM Ericsson A shares while ITT was still the largest shareholder In 1960 the Wallenberg family bought ITT s shares in Ericsson and has since controlled the company 8 Market development Edit The Ericsson DBH1001 1931 was the first combined telephone set with a housing and handset made from Bakelite The design is attributed to Jean Heiberg The Ericsson DBH15 telephone a successor of the DBH 1001 and redesigned in 1947 by Gerard Kiljan In the 1920s and 1930s the world telephone markets were being organized and stabilized by many governments The fragmented town by town systems serviced by small private companies that had evolved were integrated and offered for lease to a single company Ericsson obtained some leases which represented further sales of equipment to the growing networks Ericsson got almost one third of its sales under the control of its telephone operating companies 8 Further development Edit Ericsson introduced the world s first fully automatic mobile telephone system MTA in 1956 14 It released one of the world s first hands free speaker telephones in the 1960s In 1954 it released the Ericofon Ericsson crossbar switching equipment was used in telephone administrations in many countries 15 In 1983 the company introduced the ERIPAX suite of network products and services Emergence of the Internet 1995 2003 Edit In the 1990s during the emergence of the Internet Ericsson was regarded as slow to realize its potential and falling behind in the area of IP technology 16 But the company had established an Internet project in 1995 called Infocom Systems to exploit opportunities leading from fixed line telecom and IT CEO Lars Ramqvist wrote in the 1996 annual report that in all three of its business areas Mobile Telephones and Terminals Mobile Systems and Infocom Systems we will expand our operations as they relate to customer service and Internet Protocol IP access Internet and intranet access 17 An Ericsson GH337 1995 and Ericsson T28 1999 mobile phones The growth of GSM which became a de facto world standard combined with Ericsson s other mobile standards such as D AMPS and PDC meant that by the start of 1997 Ericsson had an estimated 40 share of the world s mobile market with around 54 million subscribers There were also around 188 million AXE lines in place or on order in 117 countries 17 Telecom and chip companies worked in the 1990s to provide Internet access over mobile telephones Early versions such as Wireless Application Protocol WAP used packet data over the existing GSM network in a form known as GPRS General Packet Radio Service but these services known as 2 5G were fairly rudimentary and did not achieve much mass market success citation needed The International Telecommunication Union ITU had prepared the specifications for a 3G mobile service that included several technologies Ericsson pushed hard for the WCDMA wideband CDMA form based on the GSM standard and began testing it in 1996 Japanese operator NTT Docomo signed deals to partner with Ericsson and Nokia who came together in 1997 to support WCDMA over rival standards DoCoMo was the first operator with a live 3G network using its own version of WCDMA called FOMA Ericsson was a significant developer of the WCDMA version of GSM while US based chip developer Qualcomm promoted the alternative system CDMA2000 building on the popularity of CDMA in the US market This resulted in a patent infringement lawsuit that was resolved in March 1999 18 when the two companies agreed to pay each other royalties for the use of their respective technologies and Ericsson purchased Qualcomm s wireless infrastructure business and some R amp D resources 19 Ericsson issued a profit warning in March 2001 Over the coming year sales to operators halved 20 Mobile telephones became a burden the company s telephones unit made a loss of SEK 24 billion in 2000 A fire in a Philips chip factory in New Mexico in March 2000 caused severe disruption to Ericsson s phone production 21 dealing a coup de grace to Ericsson s mobile phone hopes Mobile phones would be spun off into a joint venture with Sony Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications in October 2001 22 Ericsson launched several rounds of restructuring refinancing and job cutting during 2001 staff numbers fell from 107 000 to 85 000 23 A further 20 000 went the next year 24 and 11 000 more in 2003 25 A new rights issue raised SEK 30 billion to keep the company afloat The company had survived as mobile Internet started growing With record profits it was in better shape than many of its competitors 26 Rebuilding and growing 2003 2018 Edit The emergence of full mobile Internet began a period of growth for the global telecom industry including Ericsson After the launch of 3G services in 2003 27 28 people started to access the Internet using their telephones Ericsson was working on ways to improve WCDMA as operators were buying and rolling it out it was the first generation of 3G access New advances included IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem and the next evolution of WCDMA called High Speed Packet Access HSPA It was initially deployed in the download version called HSDPA the technology spread from the first test calls in the US in late 2005 29 to 59 commercial networks in September 2006 30 HSPA would provide the world s first mobile broadband In July 2016 Hans Vestberg stepped down as Ericsson s CEO after heading the company for six years Jan Frykhammar who has been working for the company since 1991 will be stepping in as interim CEO as Ericsson searches for a full time replacement 31 On 16 January 2017 following Ericsson s announcement on 26 October 2016 new CEO Borje Ekholm started and interim CEO Jan Frykhammar stepped down the following day 32 In June 2018 Ericsson Inc and Ericsson AB have agreed to pay 145 893 to settle potential civil liability for an apparent violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act IEEPA and the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations 31 C F R part 538 SSR 1 33 Acquisitions and cooperation Edit Around 2000 companies and governments began to push for standards for mobile Internet In May 2000 the European Commission created the Wireless Strategic Initiative 34 a consortium of four telecommunications suppliers in Europe Ericsson Nokia Alcatel France and Siemens Germany to develop and test new prototypes for advanced wireless communications systems Later that year the consortium partners invited other companies to join them in a Wireless World Research Forum in 2001 35 In December 1999 Microsoft and Ericsson announced a strategic partnership to combine the former s web browser and server software with the latter s mobile internet technologies 36 In 2000 the Dot com bubble burst with marked economic implications for Sweden Ericsson the world s largest producer of mobile telecommunications equipment shed thousands of jobs as did the country s Internet consulting firms and dot com start ups In the same year Intel the world s largest semiconductor chip manufacturer signed a 1 5 billion deal to supply flash memory to Ericsson over the next three years 37 The short lived joint venture called Ericsson Microsoft Mobile Venture owned 70 30 percent by Ericsson and Microsoft respectively ended in October 2001 when Ericsson announced it would absorb the former joint venture and adopt a licensing agreement with Microsoft instead 38 The same month Ericsson announced the launch of Sony Ericsson a joint venture mobile telephone business together with Sony 39 Sony Ericsson remained in operation until February 2012 when Sony bought out Ericsson s share Ericsson said it wanted to focus on the global wireless market as a whole 40 41 Lower stock prices and job losses affected many telecommunications companies in 2001 The major equipment manufacturers Motorola U S Lucent Technologies U S Cisco Systems U S Marconi UK Siemens Germany Nokia Finland as well as Ericsson all announced job cuts in their home countries and subsidiaries around the world Ericsson s workforce worldwide fell during 2001 from 107 000 to 85 000 42 In September 2001 Ericsson purchased the remaining shares in EHPT from Hewlett Packard 43 Founded in 1993 Ericsson Hewlett Packard Telecom EHPT was a joint venture made up of 60 Ericsson interests and 40 Hewlett Packard interests 44 In 2002 ICT investor losses topped 2 trillion and share prices fell by 95 until August that year More than half a million people lost their jobs in the global telecom industry over the two years 45 The collapse of U S carrier WorldCom with more than 107 billion in assets was the biggest in U S history 46 The sector s problems caused bankruptcies and job losses and led to changes in the leadership of several major companies Ericsson made 20 000 more staff redundant and raised about 3 billion from its shareholders 47 In June 2002 Infineon Technologies then the sixth largest semiconductor supplier and a subsidiary of Siemens bought Ericsson s microelectronics unit for 400 million 48 Ericsson was an official backer in the 2005 launch of the mobi top level domain created specifically for the mobile internet 49 Co operation with Hewlett Packard did not end with EHPT in 2003 Ericsson outsourced its IT to HP which included Managed Services Help Desk Support Data Center Operations and HP Utility Data Center The contract was extended in 2008 50 In October 2005 Ericsson acquired the bulk of the troubled UK telecommunications manufacturer Marconi Company including its brand name that dates back to the creation of the original Marconi Company by the father of radio Guglielmo Marconi 51 In September 2006 Ericsson sold the greater part of its defense business Ericsson Microwave Systems which mainly produced sensor and radar systems to Saab AB which renamed the company to Saab Microwave Systems 52 In 2007 Ericsson acquired carrier edge router maker Redback Networks and then Entrisphere a US based company providing fiber access technology 53 In September 2007 Ericsson acquired an 84 interest in German customer care and billing software firm LHS a stake later raised to 100 54 In 2008 Ericsson sold its enterprise PBX division 55 to Aastra Technologies and acquired Tandberg Television the television technology division 56 of Norwegian company Tandberg In 2009 Ericsson bought the CDMA2000 and LTE business of Nortel s carrier networks division for US 1 18 billion 57 Bizitek a Turkish business support systems integrator the Estonian manufacturing operations of electronic manufacturing company Elcoteq and completed its acquisition of LHS 58 Acquisitions in 2010 included assets from the Strategy and Technology Group of inCode a North American business and consulting services company 59 Nortel s majority shareholding 50 plus one share in LG Nortel a joint venture between LG Electronics and Nortel Networks providing sales R amp D and industrial capacity in South Korea now known as Ericsson LG further Nortel carrier division assets relating from Nortel s GSM business in the United States and Canada Optimi Corporation a U S Spanish telecommunications vendor specializing in network optimization and management 60 and Pride a consulting and systems integration company operating in Italy In 2011 Ericsson acquired manufacturing and research facilities and staff from the Guangdong Nortel Telecommunication Equipment Company GDNT 61 as well as Nortel s Multiservice Switch business 62 Ericsson acquired U S company Telcordia Technologies in January 2012 63 an operations and business support systems OSS BSS company 64 In March Ericsson announced it was buying the broadcast services division of Technicolor a media broadcast technology company 65 In April 2012 Ericsson completed the acquisition of BelAir Networks a strong Wi Fi network technology company 66 On 3 May 2013 Ericsson announced it would divest its power cable operations to Danish company NKT Holding 67 On 1 July 2013 Ericsson announced it would acquire the media management company Red Bee Media subject to regulatory approval 68 The acquisition was completed on 9 May 2014 69 In September 2013 Ericsson completed its acquisition of Microsoft s Mediaroom business and televisions services originally announced in April the same year The acquisition makes Ericsson the largest provider of IPTV and multi screen services in the world by market share it was renamed Ericsson Mediaroom 70 In September 2014 Ericsson acquired majority stake in Apcera for cloud policy compliance 71 In October 2015 Ericsson completed the acquisition of Envivio a software encoding company 72 In April 2016 Ericsson acquired Polish and Ukrainian operations of software development company Ericpol a long time supplier to Ericsson 73 Approximately 2 300 Ericpol employees joined Ericsson bringing software development competence in radio cloud and IP On 20 June 2017 Bloomberg disclosed that Ericsson hired Morgan Stanley to explore the sale of its media businesses 74 The Red Bee Media business was kept in house as an independent subsidiary company as no suitable buyer was found but a 51 stake of the remainder of the Media Solution division was sold to private equity firm One Equity Partners the new company being named MediaKind The transaction was completed on 31 January 2019 75 In February 2018 Ericsson acquired the location based mobile data management platform Placecast Ericsson has since integrated Placecast s platform and capabilities with its programmatic mobile ad subsidiary Emodo 76 In May 2018 SoftBank partnered with Ericsson to trial new radio technology 77 In September 2020 Ericsson acquired US based carrier equipment manufacturer Cradlepoint for 1 1 billion 78 In November 2021 Ericsson announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Vonage for 6 2 billion 79 The acquisition completed in July 2022 80 Corporate governance EditAs of 2016 update members of the board of directors of LM Ericsson were Leif Johansson Jacob Wallenberg Kristin S Rinne Helena Stjernholm Sukhinder Singh Cassidy Borje Ekholm Ulf J Johansson Mikael Lannqvist Zlatko Hadzic Kjell Ake Soting Nora Denzel Kristin Skogen Lund Pehr Claesson Karin Aberg and Roger Svensson 81 Research and development EditEricsson has structured its R amp D in three levels depending on when products or technologies will be introduced to customers and users 82 better source needed Its research and development organization is part of Group Function Technology and addresses several facets of network architecture wireless access networks radio access technologies broadband technologies packet technologies multimedia technologies services software EMF safety and sustainability security and global services 83 The head of research since 2012 is Sara Mazur 84 Group Function Technology holds research co operations with several major universities and research institutes including Lund University in Sweden Eotvos Lorand University in Hungary and Beijing Institute of Technology in China 85 Ericsson also holds research co operations within several European research programs such as GigaWam and OASE 86 Ericsson holds 33 000 granted patents and is the number one holder of GSM GPRS EDGE WCDMA HSPA and LTE essential patents 87 In 2021 the WIPO s annual World Intellectual Property Indicators report ranked Ericsson s number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 6th in the world with 1 989 patent applications being published during 2020 88 This position is up from their previous ranking as 7th in 2019 with 1 698 applications 89 Ericsson hosts a developer program called Ericsson Developer Connection designed to encourage development of applications and services 90 Ericsson also has an open innovation initiative for beta applications and beta API s amp tools called Ericsson Labs 91 The company hosts several internal innovation competitions among its employees 92 In May 2022 it was announced that Ericsson and Intel are pooling R amp D excellence to create high performing Cloud RAN solutions The organisations have pooled to launch a tech hub in California USA The hub focuses on the benefits that Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology can bring to improving energy efficiency and network performance reducing time to market and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications 93 Products and services EditEricsson s business includes technology research development network systems and software development and running operations for telecom service providers 83 94 and software 95 96 Ericsson offers end to end services for all major mobile communication standards 97 and has three main business units 98 Business Area Networks Edit Business Area Networks previously called Business Unit Networks develop network infrastructure for communication needs over mobile and fixed connections 98 Its products include radio base stations radio network controllers mobile switching centers and service application nodes Operators use Ericsson products to migrate from 2G to 3G and most recently to 4G networks 99 The company s network division has been described as a driver in the development of 2G 3G 4G LTE and 5G technology and the evolution towards all IP 100 and it develops and deploys advanced LTE systems 101 but it is still developing the older GSM 102 103 WCDMA and CDMA technologies 104 The company s networks portfolio also includes microwave transport Internet Protocol IP networks fixed access services for copper and fiber and mobile broadband modules several levels of fixed broadband access 105 106 radio access networks from small pico cells to high capacity macro cells and controllers for radio base stations 107 108 Network services Edit Ericsson s network rollout services employ in house capabilities subcontractors and central resources to make changes to live networks 109 Services such as technology deployment network transformation support services and network optimization are also provided 110 Business Area Digital Services Edit This unit provides core networks Operations Support Systems such as network management and analytics and Business Support Systems such as billing and mediation Within the Digital Services unit there is an m Commerce offering which focuses on service providers and facilitates their working with financial institutions and intermediaries 111 Ericsson has announced m commerce deals with Western Union 112 and African wireless carrier MTN 113 Business Area Managed Services Edit The unit is active in 180 countries it supplies managed services 114 systems integration consulting network rollout design and optimization broadcast services learning services and support 110 115 116 117 The company also works with television and media public safety and utilities Ericsson claims to manage networks that serve more than 1 billion subscribers worldwide 118 and to support customer networks that serve more than 2 5 billion subscribers Broadcast services Edit Ericsson s Broadcast Services unit was evolved into a unit called Red Bee Media which has been spun out into a joint venture It deals with the playout of live and pre recorded commercial and public service television programmes including presentation continuity announcements trailers and ancillary access services such as closed caption subtitles audio description and in vision sign language interpreters 119 Its media management services consist of Managed Media Preparation and Managed Media Internet Delivery 120 Divested businesses EditSony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Sony Ericsson was a joint venture with Sony that merged the previous mobile telephone operations of both companies It manufactured mobile telephones accessories and personal computer PC cards Sony Ericsson was responsible for product design and development marketing sales distribution and customer services On 16 February 2012 Sony announced it had completed the full acquisition of Sony Ericsson 121 122 after which it changed name to Sony Mobile Communications and nearly a year later it moved headquarters from Sweden to Japan Further information List of Sony Ericsson products Mobile phones Edit As a joint venture with Sony Ericsson s mobile telephone production was moved into the company Sony Ericsson in 2001 The following is a list of mobile phones marketed under the brand name Ericsson GF 768 Ericsson GS88 Cancelled mobile telephone where Ericsson invented the Smartphone name for Ericsson GA628 Known for its Z80 CPU Ericsson SH888 First mobile telephone to have wireless modem capabilities Ericsson A1018 Dualband cellphone notably easy to hack Ericsson A2618 amp Ericsson A2628 Dualband cellphones Use graphical LCD display based on PCF8548 I C controller 123 Ericsson PF768 Ericsson GF768 Ericsson DH318 One of the earliest TDMA AMPS phones in the USA Ericsson GH388 Ericsson T10 Colourful Cellphone Ericsson T18 Business model of the T10 with active flip Ericsson T28 Very slim telephone Uses lithium polymer batteries Ericsson T28 FAQ Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine use graphical LCD display based on PCF8558 I C controller Ericsson T20s Ericsson T29s Similar to the T28s but with WAP support Ericsson T29m pre alpha prototype for the T39m Ericsson T36m Prototype for the T39m Announced in yellow and blue Never hit the market due to release T39m Ericsson T39 Similar to the T28 but with a GPRS modem Bluetooth and triband capabilities Ericsson T65 Ericsson T66 Ericsson T68m The first Ericsson handset to have a color display later branded as Sony Ericsson T68i Ericsson R250s Pro Fully dust and water resistant telephone Ericsson R310s Ericsson R320s Ericsson R320s Titan Limited Edition with titanium front Ericsson R320s GPRS Prototype for testing GPRS networks Ericsson R360m Pre alpha prototype for the R520m Ericsson R380 First cellphone to use the Symbian OS Ericsson R520m Similar to the T39 but in a candy bar form factor clarification needed and with added features such as a built in speakerphone and an optical proximity sensor Ericsson R520m UMTS Prototype to test UMTS networks Ericsson R520m SyncML Prototype to test the SyncML implementation Ericsson R580m Announced in several press releases Supposed to be a successor of the R380s without external antenna and with color display Ericsson R600Telephones Edit Ericsson Dialog EricofonEricsson Mobile Platforms Edit Ericsson Mobile Platforms existed for eight years on 12 February 2009 Ericsson announced it would be merged with the mobile platform company of STMicroelectronics ST NXP Wireless to create a 50 50 joint venture owned by Ericsson and STMicroelectronics 124 This joint venture was divested in 2013 and remaining activities can be found in Ericsson Modems and STMicroelectronics Ericsson Mobile Platform ceased being a legal entity early 2009 125 Ericsson Enterprise Edit Starting in 1983 Ericsson Enterprise provided communications systems and services for businesses public entities and educational institutions It produced products for voice over Internet protocol VoIP based private branch exchanges PBX wireless local area networks WLAN and mobile intranets Ericsson Enterprise operated mainly from Sweden but also operated through regional units and other partners distributors In 2008 it was sold to Aastra 126 127 Corruption EditOn 7 December 2019 Ericsson agreed to pay more than 1 2 billion 1 09 billion to settle U S Department of Justice FCPA criminal and civil investigations into foreign corruption US authorities accused the company of conducting a campaign of corruption between 2000 and 2016 across China Indonesia Vietnam Kuwait and Djibouti Ericsson admitted to paying bribes falsifying books and records and failing to implement reasonable internal accounting controls in an attempt to strengthen its position in the telecommunications industry 128 129 130 In 2022 an internal investigation into corruption inside the company was leaked by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists 131 It detailed corruption in at least 10 countries Ericsson has admitted serious breaches of compliance rules 132 The leak also revealed that some subcontractors working on behalf of Ericsson paid bribes to the Islamic State in order to continue operating the telecom network in occupied regions of Iraq 133 See also Edit Companies portalCedergren Damovo Ericsson Nikola Tesla Erlang programming language Investor AB List of networking hardware vendors List of Sony Ericsson products Red Jade Tandberg TelevisionReferences Edit ERIC A Ericsson A SE0000108649 NASDAQ OMX NORDIC Archived from the original on 28 January 2015 ERIC B Ericsson B SE0000108656 Nasdaq Archived from the original on 13 April 2021 a b c d e f Ericsson Annual Report 2021 PDF Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson pp 29 30 76 Retrieved 15 March 2022 a b c Ericsson Annual Report 2021 Shareholders PDF Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson Retrieved 15 March 2022 Ericsson Annual Report 2020 PDF Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson p 1 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Ericsson Annual Report 2020 PDF Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson p 13 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Ericsson Nips Huawei Nokia in Gartner s 5G Vendor Ranking SDxCentral SDxCentral LLC 24 February 2021 Retrieved 5 June 2021 a b c d e f g The Ericsson story Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson and Centre for Business History in Stockholm 18 September 2019 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Ownership over the years Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson and Centre for Business History in Stockholm 18 September 2019 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Untying the knots Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson and Centre for Business History in Stockholm 18 September 2019 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Presenting the economic value of patents nominated for the European Inventor Award 2012 PDF Technopolis Group 30 March 2012 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Ericsson Cradles Bobs Phones Page Retrieved 1 September 2016 1931 Ericsson com 30 August 2016 Retrieved 18 January 2019 Ericsson Celebrates 50 Years of Mobile Telephony Cellular news com 17 October 2006 Retrieved 9 October 2011 The Economist Economist Newspaper Limited 1964 p 1028 Retrieved 4 May 2019 that are visible in Ericsson telephones have also been applied to the continuing improvement of high speed switching Ericsson crossbar systems are now standard equipment in many countries The Internet and the New World History of Ericsson 18 September 2019 a b Annual Report 1996 PDF Ericsson Gohring Nancy 29 March 1999 Ericsson Qualcomm bitter feud ends Connected Planet Archived from the original on 9 January 2014 Short Take Qualcomm Ericsson finalize CDMA agreement CNET Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Crisis History of Ericsson 18 September 2019 Mukherjee Amit S 1 October 2008 The Fire That Changed an Industry A Case Study on Thriving in a Networked World FT Press Archived from the original on 5 June 2016 Retrieved 7 July 2014 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications established today Ericsson News cision com 1 October 2001 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Svenolof Karlsson Anders Lugn 18 August 2016 The first cutbacks Ericsson History Retrieved 11 November 2016 Svenolof Karlsson Anders Lugn 18 August 2016 Second round of cuts Ericsson History Retrieved 11 November 2016 Svenolof Karlsson Anders Lugn 18 August 2016 A new chairman of the board Ericsson History Retrieved 11 November 2016 Svenolof Karlsson Anders Lugn 18 August 2016 Record profits Ericsson History Retrieved 11 November 2016 Pike Rebecca 17 March 2003 Business Italians pick up first 3G mobile phones BBC News Retrieved 11 November 2016 Technology 3G goes live in the UK BBC News 3 March 2003 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Cingular HSDPA Test Successful Phone Scoop 4 January 2005 Retrieved 11 November 2016 HSDPA performance and evolution Ericsson Retrieved 11 November 2016 Brian Heater TechCrunch Ericsson s CEO steps down as the company begins search for a replacement 25 July 2016 25 July 2016 Ericsson AB Ericsson s Board names Borje Ekholm new President and CEO 26 October 2016 26 October 2016 Treasury Civil Penalty information https www treasury gov resource center sanctions CivPen Documents 20180606 ericsson pdf WSI Wireless Strategic Initiative PDF Ericsson se Ericsson 1 May 2000 Archived from the original PDF on 20 October 2017 InfoWorld InfoWorld Media Group Inc 20 November 1995 p 77 IA1 Retrieved 17 December 2018 Microsoft Ericsson Team Up to Bring Information Anytime Anywhere to Carriers and Consumers Microsoft com Microsoft 8 December 1999 Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 Retrieved 20 June 2012 Intel scores flash memory deal with Ericsson cnet com 4 February 2000 Retrieved 20 June 2012 Microsoft pulls out of mobile JV with Ericsson Itworld com 5 October 2001 Retrieved 20 June 2012 Ericsson press release Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications established today Ericsson com Ericsson 1 October 2001 Archived from the original on 9 February 2002 Retrieved 20 June 2012 Sony to acquire Ericsson s share of Sony Ericsson Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 27 October 2011 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Sony Completes Full Acquisition of Sony Ericsson Press release Sonymobile com 16 February 2012 Archived from the original on 11 September 2012 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Changing the World P202 Svenolof Karlsson and Anders Lugn Centre for Business History Ericssonhistory com Retrieved 21 June 2012 dead link Ericsson acquires Hewlett Packard s remaining interest in EHPT News Powered by Cision Retrieved 28 February 2017 Bidault F 2012 Managing Joint Innovation How to Balance Trust and Control in Strategic Alliances Palgrave Macmillan p 64 ISBN 978 0 230 27997 1 Retrieved 17 December 2018 Inside the Telecom Game How a small group of insiders made billions as the industry collapsed Businessweek com 5 August 2002 Archived from the original on 22 August 2011 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Beltran Luisa 22 July 2002 WorldCom files largest bankruptcy ever Money cnn com Retrieved 21 June 2012 Tran Mark 22 April 2002 Ericsson axes 17 000 jobs Guardian co uk London Retrieved 21 June 2012 Infineon Buys Ericsson Microelectronics Lightreading com 12 June 2002 Retrieved 21 June 2012 dotMobi Investors dotMobi Archived 20 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine HP News HP Signs Contract with Ericsson for Global IT Outsourcing Services Ssl www8 hp com Archived from the original on 30 December 2015 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Ericsson to buy most of Marconi for 2 1B InfoWorld com 25 October 2005 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Saab Acquires Ericsson Microwave Systems Defense Industry Daily 13 June 2006 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Ericsson to buy Redback for 2 1 billion Networkworld com 20 December 2006 Archived from the original on 1 May 2013 Retrieved 21 June 2012 All shares in LHS acquired Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 20 February 2010 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Ericsson to divest its enterprise PBX solutions to Aastra Technologies Press Release Ericsson com 18 February 2008 Retrieved 22 February 2016 Ericsson announces cash offer to acquire Tandberg Television Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 26 February 2007 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Ericsson to acquire majority of Nortel s North American wireless business Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 25 July 2009 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Ericsson to acquire Elcoteq s operations in Tallinn to secure manufacturing capacity in Estonia Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 17 June 2009 Retrieved 21 June 2012 Ericsson Expands Strategy and technology consulting capabilities Press release Ericsson com Ericsson 7 September 2010 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Ericsson Takes Ownership of Optimi Corporation Technews com 22 December 2010 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Ericsson closes the Acquisition of GDNT China Press release Ericsson com 12 May 2011 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Ericsson Buys Nortel s Multi Service Switch Businesses Cellular news com 25 September 2010 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Ericsson closes Telcordia acquisition Press release Ericsson com 12 January 2012 Retrieved 20 July 2012 Rahn Cornelius 14 June 2011 Ericsson to Buy Telcordia for 1 2 Billion to Add Services Bloomberg Retrieved 9 October 2011 Ericsson closes acquisition of Technicolor s broadcast services division Ericsson com 3 July 2012 Retrieved 29 February 2020 BroadBandTechReport Ericsson Completes BelAir Buy 2 April 2016 Retrieved 17 August 2017 divests its power cable operation to NKT Cables Ericsson 3 May 2013 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Ericsson to acquire leading media services company Red Bee Media Press release Ericsson 1 July 2013 Retrieved 1 July 2013 Ericsson completes acquisition of Red Bee Media Press release Ericsson 12 May 2014 Retrieved 15 May 2014 Ericsson closes acquisition of Microsoft Mediaroom Press release Ericsson 5 September 2013 Retrieved 3 October 2013 Ericsson acquires majority stake in Apcera for cloud policy compliance Press release PCWorld 22 September 2014 Retrieved 22 September 2014 Ericsson completes acquisition of Envivio Ericsson com 27 October 2015 Retrieved 19 April 2019 Ericsson completes acquisition of software developer Ericpol Ericsson com 20 April 2016 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Ericsson Hires Banks to Explore Sale of Media Businesses Bloomberg com 20 June 2017 via www bloomberg com Ericsson completes divestment of majority stake in MediaKind Ericsson com 1 February 2019 Retrieved 19 April 2019 Ericsson buys Placecast for ad geotargeting Mobile Marketer Retrieved 27 December 2018 permanent dead link Murison Malek 17 May 2018 SoftBank Ericsson bring machine learning to mobile network design Internet of Business Internet of Business Retrieved 23 May 2018 Duckett Chris Ericsson picks up Cradlepoint for enterprise value of 1 1 billion ZDNet Retrieved 23 September 2020 Chopping Dominic 22 November 2021 Ericsson to Buy Vonage for 6 2 Billion Bulking Up Cloud Presence The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 22 November 2021 Mukherjee Supantha 21 July 2022 Ericsson closes 6 2 bln Vonage deal after short delay Reuters Archived from the original on 21 July 2022 Board of Directors Ericsson 16 March 2016 Retrieved 1 July 2016 Technology and Research Insights Archived from the original on 1 January 2016 Retrieved 5 February 2016 a b Our Research Areas Ericsson 15 March 2016 Retrieved 11 November 2016 New Head of Ericsson Research appointed Ericsson press release 25 October 2012 Business and innovation Lund University Retrieved 11 November 2016 Early Career Program Students amp Young Professionals Ericsson Careers Ericsson Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Patents Ericsson 5 November 2016 Retrieved 11 November 2016 World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 PDF WIPO Retrieved 30 November 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link World Intellectual Property Organization 2020 World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 www wipo int World IP Indicators WIPI World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO doi 10 34667 tind 42184 ISBN 9789280532012 Retrieved 26 August 2021 About our developer program Ericsson Archived from the original on 10 March 2010 Retrieved 9 October 2011 To Boost Internal Innovation Ericsson Thinks Inside The Boxes Fast Company 16 April 2013 Retrieved 18 September 2018 To Boost Internal Innovation Ericsson Thinks Inside The Boxes Fast Company 16 April 2013 Retrieved 16 January 2018 Ericsson and Intel launch global Cloud RAN Tech Hub Telecom TV 17 May 2022 Retrieved 18 May 2022 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint url status link Self Organizing Networks YouTube 4 October 2012 Cheng Roger 12 March 2012 How Ericsson is a resource for app developers CNET Degrasse Martha 6 November 2013 Ericsson s role in Sprint Spark should not be underestimated RCR Wireless News Company Facts Ericsson 19 April 2021 a b Our Businesses Ericsson com Archived from the original on 22 October 2014 Retrieved 19 October 2014 LTE Radio Access Network Ericsson 5 November 2016 Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Roberto Sabella Network Architecture Evolution towards all IP PDF Q2s ntnu no Archived from the original PDF on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 11 November 2016 LTE Radio Access Network Ericsson 5 November 2016 Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 Retrieved 11 November 2016 GSM Radio Access Network Ericsson 24 October 2016 Archived from the original on 10 March 2021 Retrieved 11 November 2016 GSM still making a difference Ericsson Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 11 November 2016 The future of WCDMA HSPA PDF Archived from the original PDF on 4 August 2013 Retrieved 7 July 2014 Fixed Broadband and Convergence Archived from the original on 26 June 2014 Retrieved 7 July 2014 Ericsson white paper Introduction to IMS PDF Facweb iitkgp ernet in Archived from the original PDF on 20 October 2017 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Discover Ericsson Outdoor Small Cells solution Ericsson com 27 June 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Know more about Indoor Small Cells solution Ericsson com 10 June 2020 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Network Roll Out Ericsson 13 October 2016 Retrieved 11 November 2016 a b Product Related Services deploy support optimize PDF Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 7 July 2014 Ericsson Teams With Western Union Light Reading Retrieved 6 March 2012 Mawad Marie 28 February 2012 Ericsson Turns To Mobile Wallet Amid Short Term Uncertainty Bloomberg Retrieved 6 March 2012 Ericsson Announces MCommerce Deals Picocell And In Building Products Mobile Europe Archived from the original on 29 February 2012 Retrieved 6 March 2012 Managed Services Ericsson 12 September 2016 Archived from the original on 26 June 2014 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Academy training and consulting for the telecom and ICT industry Ericsson Retrieved 11 November 2016 Learning Services Ericsson 11 August 2016 Archived from the original on 9 April 2019 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Support Ericsson Retrieved 11 November 2016 Global Services strengthening operator competitiveness PDF Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 7 July 2014 BROADCAST amp Media SERVICES MANAGING THE TRANSFORMATION OF TV PDF Archived from the original PDF on 13 July 2015 Retrieved 27 August 2015 Ericsson Ericsson 9 September 2013 Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Sony buys the rest of mobile phone firm Sony Ericsson BBC News Sony Completes Full Acquisition of Sony Ericsson Sony to Rename the Company Sony Mobile Communications and Accelerate Business Integration Retrieved 23 November 2016 via sony net Ericsson lcd Module ro Retrieved 9 October 2011 ST Ericsson born as wireless semiconductor industry leader Ericsson 12 February 2009 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Bloomberg Ericsson Mobile Platforms AB www bloomberg com Retrieved 9 December 2018 Aastra Technologies to acquire Ericsson s Enterprise Communication Business 18 February 2008 Archived from the original on 4 July 2014 Retrieved 18 February 2008 to divest its enterprise PBX solutions to Aastra Technologies Ericsson 18 February 2008 Retrieved 11 November 2016 Ericsson to pay over 1 billion to resolve U S corruption probes Reuters 7 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 Ericsson to pay US more than 1bn over foreign bribery Financial Times 7 December 2019 Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 9 December 2019 Ericsson fined 1 billion for widespread corruption Deutsche Welle 7 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 The Ericsson List ICIJ 27 February 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Revealed leaked files show how Ericsson allegedly helped bribe Islamic State The Guardian 2022 Corfield Gareth 28 February 2022 Ericsson report details how it paid off Islamic State Retrieved 27 March 2022 Further reading EditJohn Meurling amp Richard Jeans 1994 A switch in time AXE creating a foundation for the information age London Communications Week International ISBN 0 9524031 1 0 John Meurling amp Richard Jeans 1997 The ugly duckling Stockholm Ericsson Mobile Communications ISBN 91 630 5452 3 John Meurling amp Richard Jeans 2000 The Ericsson Chronicle 125 years in telecommunications Stockholm Informationsforlaget ISBN 91 7736 464 3 The Mobile Phone Book The Invention of the Mobile Telephone Industry ISBN 0 9524031 0 2 Mobile media and applications from concept to cash successful service creation and launch ISBN 0 470 01747 3 Anders Pehrsson 1996 International Strategies in Telecommunications London Routledge Research ISBN 0 415 14829 4External links Edit Media related to Ericsson at Wikimedia Commons Official website General reference to all chapters on the Ericsson history The History of Ericsson Center for Business History Stockholm and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson Ericsson Logo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ericsson amp oldid 1127854222, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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