fbpx
Wikipedia

2019 Indian general election

October 13, 2023

General elections were held in India in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to elect the members of the 17th Lok Sabha. Votes were counted and the result was declared on 23 May.[1][2][3][4] The election resulted in a landslide victory for the BJP which won 303 seats and formed the government.

2019 Indian general election
← 2014 11 April – 19 May 2019[a] Next →
543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha[b]
272 seats needed for a majority
Registered911,950,734
Turnout67.40% (0.96pp)
  First party Second party
 
Leader Narendra Modi Rahul Gandhi
Party BJP INC
Alliance NDA UPA
Last election 282 seats 44 seats
Seats won 303 52
Seat change 21 8
Popular vote 229,076,879 119,495,214
Percentage 37.36% 19.49%
Swing 6.36pp 0.18pp
Alliance seats 353 91
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election

Narendra Modi
BJP

Prime Minister after election

Narendra Modi
BJP

Around 912 million people were eligible to vote, and voter turnout was over 67 percent – the highest ever, as well as the highest ever participation by women voters.[5][6][c]

The Bharatiya Janata Party received 37.36% of the vote, the highest vote share by a political party since the 1989 general election, and won 303 seats, further increasing its substantial majority.[8] In addition, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won 353 seats.[9] The BJP won 37.76%[10] of votes, while the NDA's combined vote was 45% of the 603.7 million votes that were polled.[11][12] The Indian National Congress won 52 seats, failing to get 10% of the seats needed to claim the post of Leader of the Opposition.[13] In addition, the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) won 91 seats, while other parties won 98 seats.[14]

Legislative assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim were held simultaneously with the general election,[15][16] as well as by-elections of twenty-two seats of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.[17]

Electoral system

All 543 elected MPs are elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India appoints an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes that community is under-represented.[18]

Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older than 18, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India or an equivalent.[19] Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.[20]

The elections are held on schedule and as per the Constitution of India that mandates parliamentary elections once every five years.[21]

Election schedule

 
Official logo,
"Desh ka Maha त्यौहार"
 
Election schedule

The election schedule was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into effect.[22][23]

The election was scheduled to be held in seven phases. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election was held in all seven phases. The polling for the Anantnag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir was held in three phases, due to violence in the region.[24]

Phase-wise polling constituencies in each state
State/Union territory Total

constituencies

Election dates and number of constituencies
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 Phase 7
11 April 18 April 23 April 29 April 6 May 12 May 19 May
Andhra Pradesh 25 25
Arunachal Pradesh 2 2
Assam 14 5 5 4
Bihar 40 4 5 5 5 5 8 8
Chhattisgarh 11 1 3 7
Goa 2 2
Gujarat 26 26
Haryana 10 10
Himachal Pradesh 4 4
Jammu and Kashmir 6 2 2 1⁄3[n 1] 1⁄3[n 1] 11⁄3[n 1]
Jharkhand 14 3 4 4 3
Karnataka 28 14 14
Kerala 20 20
Madhya Pradesh 29 6 7 8 8
Maharashtra 48 7 10 14 17
Manipur 2 1 1
Meghalaya 2 2
Mizoram 1 1
Nagaland 1 1
Odisha 21 4 5 6 6
Punjab 13 13
Rajasthan 25 13 12
Sikkim 1 1
Tamil Nadu 39 38[n 2]
Telangana 17 17
Tripura 2 1 1[n 3]
Uttar Pradesh 80 8 8 10 13 14 14 13
Uttarakhand 5 5
West Bengal 42 2 3 5 8 7 8 9
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 1
Chandigarh 1 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 1
Daman and Diu 1 1
Delhi 7 7
Lakshadweep 1 1
Puducherry 1 1
Constituencies 543 91 95 1161⁄3 711⁄3 501⁄3 59 59
Total constituencies by end of phase 542 91 186 3021⁄3 3732⁄3 424 483 542[n 2]
% complete by end of phase 17% 34% 56% 69% 78% 89% 100%
  1. ^ a b c Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.
  2. ^ a b Polling in Vellore was cancelled, with the election later held on 5 August 2019. (see below)
  3. ^ Polling in Tripura East was rescheduled from 18 to 23 April.

Rescheduled voting, cancellations

  • Vellore, Tamil Nadu: Over ₹11 crore (US$1.4 million) in cash was seized in Vellore from DMK leaders – a regional party in Tamil Nadu. According to The News Minute, this cash is alleged to have been for bribing the voters.[25] Based on the evidence collected during the raids, the Election Commission of India cancelled the 18 April election date in the Vellore constituency. The DMK leaders denied wrongdoing and alleged a conspiracy.[26]
  • Tripura East, Tripura: The Election Commission of India deferred polling from 18 to 23 April due to the law and order situation.[27] The poll panel took the decision following reports from the Special Police Observers that the circumstances were not conducive for holding free and fair elections in the constituency.[28]

Campaign

Main article: Campaigning in the 2019 Indian general election

Issues

Allegations of undermining institutions

The opposition parties accused the NDA government of destroying democratic institutions and processes.[29] Modi denied these allegations, and blamed Congress and the communists for undermining institutions including the police, the CBI, and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.[30] The Congress party, along with other opposition parties and a group of retired civil servants, accused the ECI of being compromised, and implied that they endorsed the model code of conduct violations by Narendra Modi and other BJP political leaders during their campaigns.[31][verification needed] Another group of 81 retired civil servants, judges and academics disputed these allegations, made counter-allegations, and stated that the ECI acted fairly and similarly in alleged violations by either side. The group stated that such political attacks on the ECI were a "deliberate attempt to denigrate and delegitimise the democratic institutions".[32][verification needed]

Economic performance

According to The Times of India, the major economic achievements of the incumbent NDA government included an inflation rate less than 4 per cent, the GST reform, and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. Its programs, in recent years, that have positively touched many among the Indian masses, include the Jan Dhan Yojana, rural cooking gas and electricity for homes.[33] According to the IMF, the Indian economy has been growing in recent years, its GDP growth rate is among the highest in the world for major economies, and India is expected to be the fastest growing major economy in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, with real GDP projected to grow at 7.3 per cent.[34][35][36] The GDP growth data has been disputed[33] by a group of Indian social scientists, economists and the political opposition's election campaign, while a group of Indian chartered accountants has defended the data, the GDP calculation methodology, and questioned the motivations of those disputing the recent Indian GDP statistics.[37]

The opposition's election campaign has claimed that both the demonetisation and GST law have "seriously hit small business, farmers and casual labour", states The Times of India.[33][38] The incumbent has claimed that they inherited a country from the previous Congress-led government that was "a legacy of policy paralysis, corruption and economic fragility", and that the BJP-led government policies have placed India on better economic fundamentals and a fast gear.[39] Modi claims that his government pursued demonetisation in the national interest, his government has identified and de-registered 338,000 shell companies, identified and recovered ₹130,000 crore (US$16 billion) in black money since 2014, and almost doubled India's tax base.[40][41] The Congress party disputes the incumbents' claims, and has alleged that BJP offices have "become hubs of creating black money", and seeks a judicial inquiry into the Rafale deal with France and BJP's role in corruption.[42]

National security and terrorism

Further information: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019) and 2019 Balakot airstrike

In response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war. The ongoing conflict with Pakistan became a significant factor in the election. The opposition parties accused of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of armed forces.[43]

According to the Pew Research Center, both before and after the outbreak of recent India-Pakistan tensions, their 2018 and 2019 surveys suggest that the significant majority of the voters consider Pakistan as a "very serious threat" to their country, and terrorism to be a "very big problem".[44][45]

Unemployment

Main article: Unemployment in India

According to the Pew Research Center, a majority of Indian voters consider the lack of employment opportunities as a "very big problem" in their country. "About 18.6 million Indians were jobless and another 393.7 million work in poor-quality jobs vulnerable to displacement", stated the Pew report.[45]

A report on unemployment prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey, has not been officially released by the government. According to Business Today, this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 "usual status"[d] unemployment rate in India is 6.1 per cent, which is a four-decade high.[46][d] The government has claimed that the report was not final.[51] According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) – a United Nations agency, unemployment is rising in India and the "unemployment rate in the country [India] will stand at 3.5 percent in 2018 and 2019 – the same level of unemployment seen in 2017 and 2016", instead of dropping to 3.4 percent as it had previously projected.[52] According to the ILO's World Employment Social Outlook Report, the unemployment rate in India has been in the 3.4 to 3.6 percent range over the UPA-government led 2009–2014 and the NDA-government led 2014–2019 periods.[52]

Opposition parties claimed in their election campaign that the unemployment in India had reached crisis levels. The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis.[53] Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but the accurate data on jobs has been lacking.[54][55]

The opposition has attacked the NDA government's performance with the NSSO reported 6.1 percent unemployment data. Modi and his government have questioned this job statistics report, stating that "most surveys that try to capture unemployment rate are skewed since these did not cover the unorganised sector, which accounts for 85–90 per cent of jobs [in India]".[56]

Agrarian and rural distress

The Congress party campaign highlighted "agrarian distress" as an election issue.[57] The BJP campaign highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty. It claimed that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached "even 10% of the farmers" nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers. BJP highlights that its "Kisan Samman Nidhi" helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of ₹6000 to their accounts.[58] The opposition accused this as being an attempt to lure voters.[59]

According to The Times of India, a group of farmer associations demanded that the 2019 election manifesto of competing political parties should promise to "keep agriculture out of the World Trade Organization (WTO)" and that the interests of Indian farmers must not be compromised in global trade treaties.[60] They also demanded loan waivers and income support for the agriculture sector.[60] According to the Business Standard and the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization, India has witnessed record crop harvests in recent years including 2017 when its farmers grew more foodgrains than ever before.[61][62] However, the farmers consider the "low remunerative prices" they receive in the free market to be too low and a need for the Indian government to establish higher minimum support prices for agricultural products. These farmers consider this an issue for the 2019 general elections.[61]

Dynasty politics

The BJP highlighted that the Congress party has relied on Rahul Gandhi for leadership since 2013, its lack of internal party institutions and claimed that whenever Congress has been in power, the freedom of press and Indian government institutions have "taken a severe beating".[63][64] During the election campaign, its leaders mentioned the Emergency of 1975, the nepotism, corruption and widespread abuses of human rights under the Congress rule in the past.[63][65][66] Congress-led alliance leader H. D. Kumaraswamy – the son of a former prime minister of India and the former chief minister of Karnataka, countered that "India developed because of dynasty politics", stating that "dynasty politics are not the main issue, rather country's problems are".[67] The Congress alleged hypocrisy by the BJP, claiming that the BJP itself forms alliances with dynasty-based parties such as the Akali Dal in Punjab, and that family relatives of senior BJP leaders such as Rajnath Singh and Arun Jaitley have been in politics too.[68]

According to an IndiaSpend report published by the BloombergQuint, the smaller and regional parties such as the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, Lok Jan Sakti Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, Biju Janata Dal and Samajwadi Party have higher densities of dynasty-derived candidates and elected representatives in recent years.[69][70] While both the Congress and the BJP have also nominated candidates from political dynasties, states the report, the difference between them is that in Congress "top party leadership has been handed down from generation to generation within the same [Nehru Gandhi dynasty] family", while there has been a historic non-dynastic diversity in the top leadership within the BJP. According to the report, while BJP has also nominated candidates from political dynasties, its better public relations operation "can leap to its defence when attacked on the same grounds".[69] In contrast to the IndiaSpend report, analysis of Kanchan Chandra, a prominent professor of Politics, of the 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections included a finding that the Congress party has had about twice or more dynastic parliamentarians than the BJP at those elections, and higher than all major political parties in India except the Samajwadi Party.[71][e] Many of these dynastic politicians in India who inherit the leadership positions have never held any jobs and lack state or local experience, states Anjali Bohlken – a professor and political science scholar, and this raises concerns of rampant nepotism and appointments of their own friends, relatives and cronies if elected.[72] The BJP has targeted the Congress party in the 2019 elections for alleged nepotism and a family dynasty for leadership.[63][69]

Campaign controversies

Income tax raids

In April 2019, raids conducted by the Income Tax Department found bundles of unaccounted for cash amounting to ₹281 crore (US$35 million), along with liquor and documentary evidence in premises of people with close connections to Madhya Pradesh chief minister Kamal Nath of the Congress. Modi has highlighted this evidence to attack the Congress in its election campaign, alleging corruption is part of Congress party's culture.[73][74]

Social media abuses and fake news

According to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the election attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through social media.[75][76] Facebook said that over a hundred of these advocacy accounts spreading disinformation were traced to "employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing".[75][76] Some others have been linked to the INC and BJP.[75][76]

Political parties spent over ₹53 crore (US$6.6 million) with the largest spending by BJP on digital platforms for online ads. The BJP placed 2,500 ads on Facebook while the Congress placed 3,686 ads.[77] According to a study by Vidya Narayanan and colleagues at the Oxford Internet Institute, social media was used by all the major parties and alliances, and all of them linked or posted divisive and conspiratorial content and images. According to Narayanan, "a third of the BJP's images, a quarter of the INC's images, and a tenth the SP-BSP's images were catalogued as divisive and conspiratorial".[78][79] The Narayanan et al. study added that "we observed very limited amounts of hate speech, gore or pornography in either platform samples" by BJP, Congress or SP-BSP, but the election did include proportionally more polarising information on social media than other countries except for the US presidential election in 2016.[79]

About 50,000 fake news stories were published during the recent Lok Sabha elections and shared 2 million times, according to a study conducted by fact-checking startup Logically.[80]

EC actions under Article 324

Election Commission curtailed West Bengal campaigning by one day, after a bust of 19th century Bengali icon Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was vandalised during 7th phase poll violence.[81]

Party campaigns

Main articles: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election and Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election

Party manifestos

Highlights of the Congress manifesto

The Congress released its manifesto, titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April.[90][91] Some of its highlights:[90][92][93]

  • Introduce a Nyuntam Aay Yojana welfare program wherein ₹72,000 (US$900) per year will be transferred directly to the bank account of a woman-member in each family in the poorest 20 percent households.
  • Create 1 million "Seva Mitra" jobs in rural and urban local government bodies. Fill all 400,000 central government vacancies before March 2020, and encourage state governments to fill their 2,000,000 vacancies. Enact a law that requires all non-government controlled employers with over 100 employees to implement an apprentice program.
  • Enact a permanent National Commission on Agricultural Development and Planning and introduce a "Kisan Budget" (Farmer Budget) in the parliament every year. Waive all farmer loans in all states with any amounts outstanding.
  • Enact a Right to Homestead Act that will provide free land to every household that does not own a home.
  • Enact a Right to Healthcare Act and guarantee every citizen free diagnostics, free medicines, free hospitalisation, and free out-patient care. Double spending on healthcare to 3 percent of its GDP by 2024.
  • Double spending on education to 6 percent of its GDP by 2024.
  • Revise the national GST law from three tax tiers to a single moderate rate of tax. Reduce taxes on exported products to zero. Exempt from the GST essential goods and services that are currently not exempt. Enact a new Direct Taxes Code.
  • Augment and rapid construction of national highways. Modernise Indian railway infrastructure. Promote green energy. Manufacturing promotion.
  • Increase defence spending.
  • Enact a National Election Fund, wherein public funds will be distributed to recognised political parties to run their campaign
  • Preserve special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A.[93]
  • Amend the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958. End the Sedition law (Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code).

Highlights of the BJP manifesto

The BJP released its manifesto sub-titled Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat (lit. "Resolute India, Empowered India") on 8 April.[94][95] Some of its highlights:[93][95][96]

  • Implementation of a nationwide NRC exercise[97] to identify & deport undocumented immigrants, an immigrant being defined in this context as a person who is unable to provide documentary evidence of his/her residency in India prior to 26 March 1971 or that of his/her immediate ancestors (parents & grandparents) in case of being born after the previously-mentioned date, preceded by an amendment in citizenship laws that will allow only undocumented Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi & Christian immigrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh & Afghanistan who entered India before 31 December 2014 to automatically obtain Indian citizenship.[98][99]
  • End special status and special rights to natives of by abrogating Article 370 and Article 35A of the Constitution of India.[93]
  • Double farmer incomes by 2022 by completing all major and micro-irrigation infrastructure projects, opening adequate markets and modern farm produce storage centres, implement minimum price supports for farmer produce, farmer loans and all-weather rural roads. Introduce a pension bill for small and marginal farmers to provide social security after 60 years of age.
  • Bring all secondary schools under the national board quality purview. Invest ₹100,000 crore (US$13 billion) in higher education, open new and increase seats at existing engineering, management and law schools. Establish skills and innovations centre at block-level in every town. Enhance higher education opportunities for women by introducing financial support and subsidies programs. Source 10 percent of government procurement from companies with more than 50 percent female employees.
  • Ensure a pucca (lit. brick-solid, modern) house, safe potable water, toilet, LPG gas cylinder, electricity, and banking account for every family. Reduce the percentage of families living under the poverty line to a single digit by 2024.
  • Double the length of national highways. Improve fuel quality by mandating 10 percent ethanol in petrol. Scale renewable energy capacity to 175 GW.
  • Electrify and convert to broad gauge all railway tracks.
  • Establish 150,000 health and wellness centres. Start 75 new medical colleges. Raise doctor-to-population ratio to 1:1400. Triple childcare facilities. Achieve 100 percent immunisation of all babies.
  • Raise India's ranking further in "ease of doing business". Double exports, introduce single-window compliance procedures for all businesses.
  • Reduce air pollution by eliminating all crop residue burning.
  • Digitise paperwork and proceedings, modernise the courts.
  • Launch and promote a National Digital Library with e-books and leading journals to provide free knowledge accessible to all students. Launch a "Study in India" program to bring foreign students to institutes of higher education.
  • Privatisation of defence, space and agriculture sector for development of India.
  • Zero tolerance for terrorism, fund resources to strengthen national security, guarantee veterans, and soldier welfare, modernise police forces.

Other parties

Other national and regional parties released their manifestos too:

  • The Tamil Nadu-based regional parties AIADMK and DMK released their manifesto on 18 March 2019, with each promising to release the seven Tamils jailed after being found guilty for their role in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, a former Congress party leader and prime minister of India. The AIADMK promised to press for the political rights of the Tamil people in the Eelam region of Sri Lanka, while the DMK has promised Indian citizenship to all Sri Lankan expats. According to the Deccan Herald, the AIADMK has promised a cash transfer of ₹18,000 (US$230) per year to "all families below the poverty level, destitute women, widows without income, differently-abled, landless agricultural labourers, rural and urban manual labourers and destitute senior citizens". The AIADMK also promised to raise the tax exemption limit and revisions to the GST law. The DMK promised a probe into Rafale fighter jet deal, and a plan to distribute free sanitary napkins to working women along with starting martial arts schools for girls.[100]
  • Biju Janata Dal (BJD) released its manifesto on 9 April 2019. It promised a ₹100,000 (US$1,300) zero-interest crop loan to farmers every year, a ₹500,000 (US$6,300) zero-interest loan to women-run self-help groups, 75 percent jobs reservation in Odisha-based companies to Odisha youth, free education to all girls and a marriage assistance grant of ₹25,000 (US$310) to daughters of poor families. It also promised to complete two expressways.[101]
  • Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM) manifesto promised to raise the minimum wage to ₹216,000 (US$2,700) per year, an old age pension of ₹72,000 (US$900) per year and universal public distribution of 35 kilograms of foodgrains per family. It also stated the restoration of inheritance tax and an increase in the taxes on individuals and corporations.[102] It also promised spending 6 per cent of GDP on education, enacting a Right to Free Health Care with 3.5 per cent of GDP on health in the short term and 5 per cent in the long term, introduction of price controls on essential drugs, breaking monopoly of drug multinationals, as well as enact a Right to Guaranteed Employment in urban areas.[103]
  • Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) promised to open talks with Pakistan on terrorism. It also promised to expand trade and political relationship with Russia, and seek to weaken Russia's ties with China and Pakistan.[104]
  • Samajwadi Party promised an annual pension of ₹36,000 (US$450) to poor families in a form of a cash transfer to women. It has also proposed a new property tax of 2 percent on homes valued above ₹25,000,000 (US$310,000) as well as raising income taxes on the affluent. It also promised to create 100,000 new jobs every year.[105]
  • Telugu Desam Party released its manifesto on 5 April 2019. It promised zero-interest loans to farmer without any caps, a grant of ₹15,000 (US$190) per year to each farmer as investment support, a grant of ₹100,000 (US$1,300) to each family with a daughter in the year of her marriage, an unemployment allowance of ₹3,000 (US$38) for any youth who has completed intermediate education, and free laptops to all students at the intermediate level.[106]
  • AITMC's manifesto was released on 27 March 2019. It promised a judicial probe into demonetisation, a review of GST law, and sought to bring back the Planning Commission. It also promised free medical care, expanding the "100-day work scheme" currently operating in India to "200-day work scheme" along with a pay increase.[107]
  • Aam Aadmi Party released its manifesto on 25 April 2019 promising full statehood for Delhi to give the Delhi government control over police and other institutions.[108] The manifesto promised 85 per cent reservations in the Delhi-based colleges and jobs for the voters of Delhi and their families.[109][110]

Campaign finance

Several organisations offered varying estimates for the cost of the election campaign. The Centre for Media Studies in New Delhi estimated that the election campaign could exceed $7 billion.[111] According to the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), an election watchdog, in the financial year 2017–18 BJP received ₹4,370,000,000 (US$55 million), about 12 times more donations than Congress and five other national parties combined.[111]

The electoral bonds in denominations ranging from 1,000 rupees to 10 million rupees ($14 to $140,000) can be purchased and donated to a political party. The bonds don't carry the name of the donor and are exempt from tax.[112][f] Factly – an India data journalism portal, traced the electoral bond donations for 2018 under India's Right to Information Act. According to Factly, electoral bonds worth about ₹10,600,000,000 (US$130 million) were purchased and donated in 2018. According to Bloomberg, this accounted for 31.2 percent of political donations in 2018, while 51.4 percent of the total donated amount were each below ₹20,000 (US$250) and these too were from unknown donors. About 47 percent of the donations to political parties were from known sources.[112] Between 1 January and 31 March 2019, donors bought ₹17,100,000,000 (US$210 million) worth of electoral bonds and donated.[116] The spending in elections boosts national GDP, and the 2009 election spending contributed about 0.5 percent to GDP.[117]

According to Centre for Media Studies, the BJP spent over Rs 280 billion (or 45%) of the Rs 600 billion spent by all political parties during the polls.[118] Congress questions BJP over its poll expenditure[119]

Parties and alliances

Political alliances

Main articles: National Democratic Alliance, United Progressive Alliance, and Communism in India

With the exception of 2014, no single party has won the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha since 1984, and therefore, forming alliances is the norm in Indian elections.

There were three main national pre-poll alliances. They are the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) headed by the BJP, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) headed by the INC and the Left Front of the communist leaning parties. Given the volatile nature of coalition politics in India, alliances may change during and after the election.

The INC did not form alliances in states where it is in direct contest with the BJP. These states include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. It formed alliances with regional parties in Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Jharkhand, and Kerala.[120]

The left parties, most notably the Communist Party of India (Marxist) contested on its own in its strongholds West Bengal, Tripura and Kerala, confronting both NDA and UPA. In Tamil Nadu, it was part of Secular Progressive Alliance led by DMK and allied with Jana Sena Party in Andhra Pradesh.[121]

In January 2019, Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party announced a grand alliance (Mahagathbandhan) to contest 76 out of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh leaving two seats, namely Amethi and Rae Bareli, for INC and another two for other political parties.[122]

Political parties

More than 650 parties contested in these elections. Most of them were small with regional appeal. The main parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). This was the first time that BJP (437) contested more seats than Congress (421) in the Lok Sabha elections.[123][124]

Candidates

Main articles: List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election and List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election

Altogether 8,039 candidates were in the fray for 542 parliamentary constituencies, i.e., 14.8 candidates per constituency on an average, according to PRS India, an NGO.[125]

About 40% of the candidates fielded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party had a criminal case against them. Key opposition party Congress was not far behind with 39% of the candidates with criminal charges, according to Association of Democratic Reforms analysis.[126]

Parties and alliances contesting for the 2019 elections
Parties States/UTs Seats contested Seats won
2019 2014 Swing 2019 2014 Swing
Aam Aadmi Party Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 35 0 1 4 -3
Bihar 3 0
Chandigarh 1 0
Goa 2 0
Haryana 3 0
NCT OF Delhi 7 0
Odisha 1 0
Punjab 13 1
Uttar Pradesh 4 0
All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU) Jharkhand 1 1 0 +1
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 22 1 37 -36
All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen Bihar 1 3 0 2 1 +1
Maharashtra 1 1
Telangana 1 1
All India Trinamool Congress Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 62 0 22 34 -12
Assam 8 0
Bihar 1 0
Jharkhand 6 0
Odisha 3 0
Tripura 1 0
West Bengal 42 22
All India United Democratic Front Assam 3 1 3 -2
Apna Dal (Soneylal) Uttar Pradesh 2 2 0 +2
Bahujan Samaj Party Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 0 10 0 +10
Andhra Pradesh 3 0
Arunachal Pradesh 0 0
Assam
Bihar 35 0
Chandigarh 1 0
Chhattisgarh 11 0
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 0
Daman & Diu 1 0
Goa
Gujarat 25 0
Haryana 8 0
Himachal Pradesh 4 0
Jammu & Kashmir 2 0
Jharkhand 14 0
Karnataka 28 0
Kerala 16 0
Lakshadweep
Madhya Pradesh 25 0
Maharashtra 44 0
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland-
NCT OF Delhi 5 0
Odisha 17 0
Puducherry 1 0
Punjab 1 0
Rajasthan 22 0
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu 35 0
Telangana 5 0
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh 38 10
Uttarakhand 4 0
West Bengal 36 0
Bharatiya Janata Party Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 436 0 303 282 +21
Andhra Pradesh 25 0
Arunachal Pradesh 2 2
Assam 10 9
Bihar 17 17
Chandigarh 1 1
Chhattisgarh 11 9
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 0
Daman & Diu 1 1
Goa 2 1
Gujarat 26 26
Haryana 10 10
Himachal Pradesh 4 4
Jammu & Kashmir 6 3
Jharkhand 13 11
Karnataka 27 25
Kerala 15 0
Lakshadweep 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 29 28
Maharashtra 25 23
Manipur 2 1
Meghalaya 2 0
Mizoram 1 0
Nagaland-
NCT OF Delhi 7 10
Odisha 21 8
Puducherry
Punjab 3 2
Rajasthan 24 24
Sikkim 1 0
Tamil Nadu 5 0
Telangana 17 4
Tripura 2 2
Uttar Pradesh 76 62
Uttarakhand 5 5
West Bengal 42 18
Biju Janata Dal Odisha 21 12 20 -8
Communist Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 2 49 0 2 1 +1
Assam 2 0
Bihar 2 0
Chhattisgarh 1 0
Gujarat 1 0
Haryana 1 0
Jharkhand 3 0
Karnataka 1 0
Kerala 4 0
Lakshadweep 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 4 0
Maharashtra 2 0
Manipur 1 0
Odisha 1 0
Punjab 2 0
Rajasthan 3 0
Tamil Nadu 2 2
Telangana 2 0
Uttar Pradesh 11 0
West Bengal 3
Communist Party Of India (MARXIST) Andhra Pradesh 2 69 0 3 9 -6
Assam 2 0
Bihar 1 0
Himachal Pradesh 1 0
Jharkhand 2 0
Karnataka 1 0
Kerala 14 1
Lakshadweep 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 1 0
Maharashtra 1 0
Odisha 1 0
Punjab 1 0
Rajasthan 3 0
Tamil Nadu 2 2
Telangana 2 0
Tripura 2 0
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 31
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 24 24 0 +24
Independent Andaman & Nicobar Islands 9 3443 0 4 3 +1
Andhra Pradesh 99 0
Arunachal Pradesh 2 0
Assam 44 1
Bihar 230 0
Chandigarh 13 0
Chhattisgarh 54 0
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 4 1
Daman & Diu 1 0
Goa 4 0
Gujarat 197 0
Haryana 85 0
Himachal Pradesh 18 0
Jammu & Kashmir 36 0
Jharkhand 101 0
Karnataka 264 1
Kerala 115 0
Lakshadweep 0 0
Madhya Pradesh 175 0
Maharashtra 418 1
Manipur 5 0
Meghalaya 3 0
Mizoram 3 0
Nagaland- 1 0
NCT OF Delhi 43 0
Odisha 31 0
Puducherry 8 0
Punjab 45 0
Rajasthan 111 0
Sikkim 2 0
Tamil Nadu 542 0
Telangana 299 0
Tripura 9 0
Uttar Pradesh 284 0
Uttarakhand 17 0
West Bengal 100 0
Indian National Congress Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 421 1 52 44 +8
Andhra Pradesh 25 0
Arunachal Pradesh 2 0
Assam 14 3
Bihar 9 1
Chandigarh 1 0
Chhattisgarh 11 2
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1 0
Daman & Diu 1 0
Goa 2 1
Gujarat 26 0
Haryana 10 0
Himachal Pradesh 4 0
Jammu & Kashmir 5 0
Jharkhand 7 1
Karnataka 21 1
Kerala 16 15
Lakshadweep 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 29 1
Maharashtra 25 1
Manipur 2 0
Meghalaya 2 1
Mizoram
Nagaland- 1 0
NCT OF Delhi 7 0
Odisha 18 1
Puducherry 1 1
Punjab 13 8
Rajasthan 25 0
Sikkim 1 0
Tamil Nadu 9 8
Telangana 17 3
Tripura 2 0
Uttar Pradesh 67 1
Uttarakhand 5 0
West Bengal 40 2
Indian Union Muslim League Andhra Pradesh 3 9 0 3 2 +1
Kerala 2 2
Maharashtra 3 0
Tamil Nadu 1 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (NC) Jammu & Kashmir 3 3 0 +3
Janata Dal (Secular) Arunachal Pradesh 2 9 0 1 2 -1
Karnataka 7 1
Janata Dal (United) Bihar 17 25 16 16 2 +14
Jammu & Kashmir 1 0
Lakshadweep 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 1 0
Manipur 1 0
Punjab 1
Uttar Pradesh 3 0
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Bihar 4 13 0 1 2 -1
Jharkhand 4 1
Odisha 1 0
West Bengal 4 0
Kerala Congress(M) Kerala 1 1 1 0
Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 6 6 6 0
Mizo National Front (MNF) Meghalaya 1 1 0 +1
Naga People's Front Manipur 1 1 0 +1
National People's Party Arunachal Pradesh 1 11 0 1 1 0
Assam 7 0
Manipur 1 0
Meghalaya 1 1
Nagaland 1 0
Nationalist Congress Party Assam 2 34 0 5 6 -1
Bihar 5 0
Gujarat 3 0
Lakshadweep 1 1
Maharashtra 19 4
Manipur 1 0
Punjab 2 0
Uttar Pradesh 1 0
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) Nagaland 1 1 0 +1
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1 1 0 +1
Revolutionary Socialist Party Kerala 1 6 1 1 1 0
West Bengal 4 0
Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 2 49 0 5 5 0
Assam 1 0
Bihar 1 0
Jharkhand 1 0
Madhya Pradesh 2 0
Maharashtra 4 0
Odisha 1 0
Uttar Pradesh 37 5
Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 2 4 -2
Shivsena Bihar 14 98 0 18 18 0
Chhattisgarh 9 0
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 2 0
Haryana 3 0
Jammu & Kashmir 3 0
Karnataka 2 0
Madhya Pradesh 5 0
Maharashtra 22 18
Punjab 6 0
Rajasthan 4 0
Telangana 1 0
Uttar Pradesh 11 0
West Bengal 16 0
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Sikkim 1 1 0 +1
Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 16 9 11 -2
Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 25 3 15 -12
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Andhra Pradesh 3 7 0 1 0 +1
Karnataka 2 0
Kerala 1 0
Tamil Nadu 1 1
Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 25 22 8 +14
All India N.R. Congress Puducherry 1 0 1 -1
Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 7 1 -1
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 19 21 4 -4
Jharkhand 2
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 5 3 -3
Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 1 1 -1
Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2 1 -1
Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 10 2 -2
Aap Aur Hum Party Bihar 1 0 0
Aam Adhikar Morcha Bihar 4 5
Jharkhand 1
Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal Bihar 1 5
Chandigarh 1
Madhya Pradesh 2
Punjab 1
Adim Bhartiya Dal Haryana 1
Akhil Bhartiya Gondwana Party Madhya Pradesh 4 5
Uttar Pradesh 1
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha Jharkhand 1 5
Madhya Pradesh 1
Odisha 3
Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party Bihar 1
Akhil Bhartiya Jharkhand Party Jharkhand
West Bengal 1
Jharkhand Party Jharkhand 4
Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh Bihar 1 6
Gujarat 1
Haryana 1
Maharashtra 1
NCT OF Delhi 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League (Secular) Karnataka 1 2
Telangana 1
Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha Maharashtra 1 2
NCT OF Delhi 1
Akhil Bhartiya Navnirman Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Atulya Bharat Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Aajad Bharat Party (Democratic) Madhya Pradesh 2 6
Uttar Pradesh 4
Akhil Bharatiya Sena Maharashtra 1
Akhil Bhartiya Sarvadharma Samaj Party Maharashtra 1
Andhra Chaitanya Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Adarshwaadi Congress Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Adhunik Bharat Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Aadarsh Janata Sewa Party Haryana 1
Ahila India Dhayaga Makkal Munnetra Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Asli Deshi Party Bihar 4
Aadarsh Sangram Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Apna Dal United Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Adhikar Vikas Party Chhattisgarh 1 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3 4
Telangana 1
Akhil Hind Forward Bloc (Krantikari) Bihar 2
Akhand Hind Party Maharashtra 1
Ahimsa Socialist Party Tamil Nadu 1
All India Forward Bloc Andhra Pradesh 2 34
Arunachal Pradesh 1
Assam 3
Bihar 4
Chandigarh 1
Haryana 2
Himachal Pradesh 3
Jammu & Kashmir 1
Jharkhand 4
Madhya Pradesh 2
NCT OF Delhi 1
Odisha 2
Telangana 1
Uttar Pradesh 5
West Bengal 3
All India Hindustan Congress Party Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1 4
Gujarat 1
Karnataka 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
All India Jana Andolan Party West Bengal 1
All India Labour Party West Bengal 1
All India Minorities Front Maharashtra 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 2
Agila India Makkal Kazhagam Kerala 1 4
Puducherry 1
Tamil Nadu 2
All Indians Party Sikkim 1
All India Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 3
All Indian Rajiv Congress Party Uttar Pradesh 1
All India Ulama Congress Madhya Pradesh 1
All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Akila India Vallalar Peravai Tamil Nadu 1
Asom Jana Morcha Assam 4
Aam Janta Party (India) Uttar Pradesh 7
Aam Janta Party Rashtriya Bihar 3
Aapki Apni Party (Peoples) Haryana 7 21
Maharashtra 3
NCT OF Delhi 6
Uttar Pradesh 5
Akhil Bhartiya Ekata Party Maharashtra 1
Akhil Bhartiya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Apna Kisan Party Bihar 1
Akhand Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Al-Hind Party Uttar Pradesh 2
All India Peoples' Front (Radical) Uttar Pradesh 1
All Pensioner’S Party Tamil Nadu 1
Aasra Lokmanch Party Maharashtra 2
Amra Bangalee Jharkhand 2 10
Tripura 2
West Bengal 6
Anaithu Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Azad Mazdoor Kissan Party Karnataka 1
Aadarsh Mithila Party Bihar 2
Anaithu Makkal Puratchi Katchi Tamil Nadu 2
Ambedkar Yug Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Anaithu India Makkal Katchi 1
Anjaan Aadmi Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Ambedkar National Congress Andhra Pradesh 2 21
Bihar 1
Chandigarh 1
Gujarat 2
Jharkhand 1
Maharashtra 4
NCT OF Delhi 1
Odisha 2
Punjab 2
Telangana 5
Annadata Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Andaman & Nicobar Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Aihra National Party Jharkhand 3 8
Karnataka 1
Telangana 1
West Bengal 3
Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Ahinsa Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Anti Corruption Dynamic Party Maharashtra 1 11
Puducherry 1
Tamil Nadu 7
Telangana 2
Apna Desh Party Gujarat 2
Ambedkarite Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 1 77
Bihar 2
Chhattisgarh 11
Gujarat 1
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 4
Karnataka 1
Kerala 3
Madhya Pradesh 8
Maharashtra 16
Odisha 6
Punjab 4
Rajasthan 15
Tamil Nadu 1
Telangana 1
Tripura 1
West Bengal 1
Apna Samaj Party 1
All Peoples Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Ambedkarist Republican Party Maharashtra 2
Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi Andhra Pradesh 1
Akhand Rashtrawadi Party Madhya Pradesh 1 4
NCT OF Delhi 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Autonomous State Demand Committee Assam 1
Assam Dristi Party Assam 1
Akhil Bharat Samagra Kranti Party Chhattisgarh 1
Adarsh Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Ambedkar Samaj Party Karnataka 4 8
Uttar Pradesh 4
All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1
Aarakshan Virodhi Party Madhya Pradesh 2 4
Rajasthan 2
Awami Samta Party Uttar Pradesh 3
Anna Ysr Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 2
B. C. United Front Andhra Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Aavaam Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bahujan Azad Party Bihar 1 2
Maharashtra 1
Bahujan Samyak Party (Mission) Uttar Pradesh 1
Bahujan Awam Party Uttar Pradesh 4
Bharatiya Aam Awam Party Bihar 1
Bhartiya Anarakshit Party Telangana 3 4
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Azad Sena Jharkhand 1
Bharatiya Bahujan Congress Bihar 5 6
Gujarat 1
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Karnataka 2
Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party Bihar 1
Bhartiya Bhaichara Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4
Bharatrashtra Democratic Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Gana Parishad Assam 4
Bhartiya Amrit Party Madhya Pradesh 2
Bharatiya Bahujan Parivartan Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha Maharashtra 8
Bharatiya Rashtravadi Samanta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party Bihar 1 3
Uttar Pradesh 2
Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Janta Dal (Integrated) NCT OF Delhi 1
Bharatiya National Janta Dal West Bengal 1
Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party Bihar 2 7
Chhattisgarh 1
Jharkhand 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Manvadhikaar Federal Party 1
Bhartiya Naujawan Inklav Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiyabahujankranti Dal Karnataka 2 5
Maharashtra 3
Bharatiya Bahujan Party Chhattisgarh 1
Bharat Bhoomi Party Chhattisgarh 2 3
Karnataka 1
Bhartiya Dalit Party Bihar 3
Bhartiya Hind Fauj Uttar Pradesh 2
Bhartiya Janta Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Janraj Party Haryana 2 4
Punjab 2
Bahujan Maha Party Andhra Pradesh 1 20
Gujarat 1
Haryana 1
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 13
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharat Nirman Party Bihar 1
Bhartiya Harit Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Peoples Party Karnataka 1
Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha Gujarat 1
Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party Jharkhand 1 2
Uttarakhand 1
Bhartiya Insan Party Bihar 1 3
NCT OF Delhi 2
Bharat Jan Aadhar Party Maharashtra 4
Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic) Bihar 4 7
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party Uttar Pradesh 4
Bhartiya Jan Samman Party Chandigarh 1 2
Haryana 1
Bhartiya Jan Sampark Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Jan Satta Party Rajasthan 1
Bundelkhand Kranti Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Kisan Party Chandigarh 4 15
Haryana 1
Maharashtra 5
NCT OF Delhi 1
Rajasthan 1
Uttar Pradesh 3
Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Krishak Dal Uttar Pradesh 4
Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party Bihar 1
Bihar Lok Nirman Dal Bihar 8
Baliraja Party Bihar 2 7
Maharashtra 4
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal Jharkhand 1 10
Punjab 7
Uttar Pradesh 2
Bharat Lok Sewak Party NCT OF Delhi 3 4
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party Chandigarh 1 9
Gujarat 1
Jharkhand 1
Maharashtra 5
Odisha 1
Bharateeya Manavadhikar party West Bengal 2
Bharatiya Momin Front Bihar 7 8
Jharkhand 1
Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bahujan Mukti Party Assam 1 120
Bihar 12
Chandigarh 1
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1
Gujarat 6
Haryana 5
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 5
Karnataka 1
Madhya Pradesh 9
Maharashtra 35
Odisha 5
Punjab 6
Rajasthan 2
Telangana 7
Uttar Pradesh 10
Uttarakhand 2
West Bengal 6
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh Jharkhand 1 2
Maharashtra 1
Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3
Uttar Pradesh 2
Bhartiya Mitra Party Bihar 3
Bahujan Nyay Dal Bihar 3 4
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Nojawan Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Bhartiya Navodaya Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party West Bengal 7
Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha) Maharashtra 3
Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party Bihar 1
Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress NCT OF Delhi 1
Bhartiya Panchyat Party Jharkhand 2
Bodoland Peoples Front Assam 1
Bharat Prabhat Party Bihar 2 53
Chandigarh 1
Chhattisgarh 1
Haryana 5
Jharkhand 2
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 8
Maharashtra 5
NCT OF Delhi 2
Odisha 2
Punjab 5
Uttar Pradesh 16
West Bengal 2
Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha Karnataka 2
Bhapase Party Maharashtra 1
Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha Bihar 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Bahujana Raajyam Party (Phule Ambedkar) Telangana 1
Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic) Rajasthan 2
Bhartiya Republican Party (Insan) Uttar Pradesh 1
Bahujan Republican Socialist Party Gujarat 1 27
Maharashtra 26
Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party Chandigarh 1
Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party Chhattisgarh 5 35
Gujarat 1
Haryana 5
Himachal Pradesh 1
Madhya Pradesh 11
Maharashtra 1
Punjab 1
Uttar Pradesh 10
Bahujan Suraksha Dal Gujarat 1
Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party Chhattisgarh 1
Bhartiya Tribal Party Chhattisgarh 2 19
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1
Gujarat 6
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 5
Rajasthan 4
Bahujan Samaj Party (AMBEDKAR) Chandigarh 1 5
Punjab 4
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi Maharashtra 1
Bajjikanchal Vikas Party Bihar 7
Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Corruption Abolition Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Christian Democratic Front Tamil Nadu 1
Challengers Party NCT OF Delhi 2
Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party Chandigarh 1
Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (LIBERATION) Andhra Pradesh 2 18
Bihar 4
Jharkhand 2
Odisha 2
Puducherry 1
Punjab 3
Tamil Nadu 2
Uttar Pradesh 3
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 2
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) CPI(M)(L) 4
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star 4
Communist Party Of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star Andhra Pradesh 1 25
Chandigarh 2
Jharkhand 3
Karnataka 2
Kerala 4
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 2
Odisha 5
Rajasthan 1
Tamil Nadu 1
Uttar Pradesh 2
West Bengal 5
Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch Chhattisgarh 1 2
Maharashtra 1
Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party Chhattisgarh 1 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Dalita Bahujana Party Telangana 3
Democratic Corruption Liberation Front 1
Democratic Party of India (Ambedkar) Punjab 1 3
Desh Janhit Party Maharashtra 1
Daksha Party Haryana 1
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 4
Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi Maharashtra 1 9
Tamil Nadu 8
Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party, Jammu & Kashmir 2
Democratic Party Of India 1
Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist Karnataka 1
Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal Haryana 1 3
Maharashtra 1
Rajasthan 1
Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 3
Engineers Party Karnataka 1
Ekta Samaj Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 3
Forward Democratic Labour Party Chhattisgarh 1
Fauji Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Freethought Party Of India Odisha 3
Gareeb Aadmi Party Karnataka 1
Gondvana Gantantra Party Chhattisgarh 9 23
Madhya Pradesh 9
Maharashtra 2
Odisha 1
Uttar Pradesh 2
Garvi Gujarat Party Gujarat 3
Garib Janshakti Party Bihar 2
Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party Gujarat 1
Ganasangam Party Of India Tamil Nadu 3
Gorkha Rashtriya Congress West Bengal 1
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) Bihar 3
Hamari Apni Party Maharashtra 1
Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal Andhra Pradesh 1
Hind Congress Party Haryana 1 2
Punjab 1
Hindu Samaj Party 1
Hindustan Janta Party Karnataka 3 7
Maharashtra 4
Hindusthan Praja Paksha Maharashtra 1
Himachal Jan Kranti Party Himachal Pradesh 1
Hindusthan Nirman Dal Assam 5 47
Bihar 2
Gujarat 9
Jammu & Kashmir 1
Jharkhand 2
Madhya Pradesh 8
Maharashtra 2
Odisha 2
Rajasthan 1
Uttar Pradesh 14
Uttarakhand 1
Hamro Sikkim Party Sikkim 1
Hind Samrajya Party Bihar 1
Hindustan Shakti Sena Chandigarh 1 9
Punjab 8
Hum Bhartiya Party Jharkhand 1 9
Maharashtra 5
NCT OF Delhi 1
Punjab 1
Telangana 1
Hum Sabki Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Indian Christian Front Karnataka 2 4
Tamil Nadu 2
Indian Democratic Republican Front Punjab 1 2
West Bengal 1
Indian Gandhiyan Party Kerala 1 2
Uttar Pradesh
Indian Indira Congress (R) Rajasthan 1
Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule) Andhra Pradesh 1 4
Karnataka 3
Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1
Indian New Congress Party Karnataka 4
Independent People’S Party Jammu & Kashmir 1
Indian National League Uttar Pradesh 2
India Praja Bandhu Party Andhra Pradesh 4 11
Chhattisgarh 1
Telangana 6
Indigenousn People'S Front Of Tripura Tripura 2
Indian Peoples Green Party Rajasthan 2
Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party Telangana 1
Indian Unity Centre West Bengal 2
Inqalab Vikas Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena Uttar Pradesh 1
Jan Adhikar Party Bihar 6 19
Madhya Pradesh 3
Maharashtra 7
Uttar Pradesh 3
Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) Bihar 1
Jharkhand Anushilan Party West Bengal 1
Janta Dal Rashtravadi Bihar 3
Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim West Bengal 2
Jago Hindustan Party Bihar 3
Jharkhand Party (Secular) Jharkhand 1
Janhit Bharat Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Jharkhand Party Jharkhand 4
Jai Hind Party Bihar 1
Jai Hind Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party Haryana 1 4
Punjab 3
Jannayak Janta Party Haryana 7
Janhit Kisan Party Bihar 2 8
Uttar Pradesh 6
Jammu & Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party Jammu & Kashmir 1
Jai Lok Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Jai Maha Bharath Party Maharashtra 1 3
NCT OF Delhi 1
Sikkim 1
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan) 1
Janata Congress Jharkhand 2 7
Madhya Pradesh 3
Maharashtra 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Jana Jagruti Party Andhra Pradesh 7
Janata Party Bihar 4
Jharkhand Party (Naren) Jharkhand 1 2
West Bengal 1
Janvadi Party(Socialist) Bihar 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Janapaalana Party (Democratic) Andhra Pradesh 1
Jai Prakash Janata Dal Bihar 5 11
Jharkhand 2
NCT OF Delhi 2
Odisha 2
Jharkhand People's Party Jharkhand 4
Jharkhand People's Party 1
Janta Raj Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Janral Samaj Party Chandigarh 1 5
Punjab 4
Janta Raj Vikas Party Bihar 1
Jan Shakti Dal Uttar Pradesh 2
Jansatta Dal Loktantrik Uttar Pradesh 2
Jan Shakti Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Jan Samman Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3
NCT OF Delhi 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Jan Sangh Party West Bengal 1
Janasena Party Andhra Pradesh 17 24
Telangana 7
Jan Satya Path Party Gujarat 4
Jai Swaraj Party Telangana 1
Jan Seva Sahayak Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Jansatta Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Jan Sangharsh Virat Party Gujarat 2 5
Jharkhand 1
Rajasthan 1
West Bengal 1
Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi) Uttar Pradesh 2
Justice Party 1
Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party Karnataka 1
Jantantrik Vikas Party Bihar 3
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) Jharkhand 2
Jwala Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party Bihar 1
Jammu & Kashmir 5
NCT OF Delhi 1
Tamil Nadu 1
Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party + Jammu & Kashmir 2
Jammu & Kashmir People Conference Jammu & Kashmir 3
Kamatapur People’S Party (United) West Bengal 6
Kerala Congress Kerala 1
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha Karnataka 1
Kisan Raj Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Kisan Raksha Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Karnataka Jantha Paksha Karnataka 2
Karnataka Karmikara Paksha Karnataka 4
Kalinga Sena Jharkhand 1 5
Odisha 4
Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh Uttar Pradesh 1
Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party Uttar Pradesh 4
Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party Karnataka 1
Kisan Party Of India Madhya Pradesh 2
Karnataka Praja Party (Raithaparva) Karnataka 2
Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena Karnataka 1 5
Maharashtra 4
Kartavya Rashtriya Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Krupaa Party Odisha 3
Kanshiram Bahujan Dal NCT OF Delhi 1 5
Uttar Pradesh 4
Khusro Sena Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Kalyankari Jantantrik Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Lok Chetna Dal Bihar 1
Lok Gathbandhan Party Gujarat 1 7
Uttar Pradesh 6
Lok Insaaf Party Punjab 3
Lok Jan Sangharsh Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party Bihar 1
Lok Jan Vikas Morcha Bihar 2
Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 5
Lokjagar Party Maharashtra 1
Loktantrik Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Lokpriya Samaj Party Haryana 1
Loktanter Suraksha Party Haryana 2
Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party Gujarat 1
Lok Sewa Dal Bihar 1
Loksangram Maharashtra 1
Maharashtra Swabhimaan Paksh Maharashtra 2
Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Manipur People’S Party Manipur 1
Moulik Adhikar Party Bihar 1 13
Uttar Pradesh 12
Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal Uttar Pradesh 2
Marxist Communist Party Of India (United) Andhra Pradesh 1 6
Kerala 1
Rajasthan 1
Telangana 3
Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party (Hindustani) Uttar Pradesh 1
Minorities Democratic Party Madhya Pradesh 2 3
Uttar Pradesh 1
Manipur Democratic Peoples's Front Manipur 1
Mundadugu Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 4
Mahamukti Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Mahasankalp Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Makkalatchi Katchi Tamil Nadu 2
Manav Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Maharashtra Kranti Sena Maharashtra 2
Majdoor Kisan Union Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party NCT OF Delhi 5
Marxist Leninist Party Of India (Red Flag) Karnataka 1 3
Maharashtra 2
Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha Bihar 1
Makkal Needhi Maiam Puducherry 1 38
Tamil Nadu 37
Manvadhikar National Party Gujarat 2 4
Jammu & Kashmir 2
Manavtawadi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party Madhya Pradesh 3
Mulnibasi Party of India West Bengal 2
Moolniwasi Samaj Party Bihar 2 3
Jharkhand 1
Maanavvaadi Janta Party Bihar 2
Manuvadi Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Mahila & Yuva Shakti Party Haryana 1
New All India Congress Party Gujarat 2
National Apni Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Nationalist People'S Front Rajasthan 1
Nirbhay Bharteey Party Gujarat 1
National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Navsarjan Bharat Party Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1
National Dalitha Dhal Party Andhra Pradesh 1
National Development Party Karnataka 1
New Democratic Party of India West Bengal 3
Navbharat Ekta Dal Himachal Pradesh 1
North East India Development Party Manipur 2
Nagrik Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 4
National Fifty Fifty Front Uttar Pradesh 1
Naam Indiar Party Tamil Nadu 2
Nationalist Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 2
National Jagaran Party Bihar 1
National Labour Party Kerala 1
National Lokmat Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Nationalist Justice Party Punjab 4
National Nava Kranthi Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Navbharat Nirman Party Maharashtra 1
Nava Praja Rajyam Party Telangana 1
National Republican Congress Assam 2
The National Road Map Party Of India Assam 1 2
NCT OF Delhi 1
Nava Samaj Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Naam Tamilar Katchi Puducherry 1 38
Tamil Nadu 37
Naitik Party Maharashtra 2 6
Uttar Pradesh 4
Navarang Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 3 5
Jammu & Kashmir 2
Navodayam Party Andhra Pradesh 2
Navnirman Party Haryana 1
Navataram Party Andhra Pradesh 1
New India Party Telangana 2
National Women'S Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3
Telangana 1
Nawan Punjab Party Punjab 1
National Youth Party NCT OF Delhi 2
Odisha Pragati Dal Odisha 1
Proutist Bloc, India Bihar 1 9
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
NCT OF Delhi 3
Odisha 1
PC 3
Peace Party Maharashtra 3 14
Uttar Pradesh 11
Puducherry Development Party Puducherry 1
Peoples Democratic Party Jammu & Kashmir 1 5
Kerala 2
Party For Democratic Socialism West Bengal 5
People's Party Of India(secular) Tamil Nadu 2 3
People’S Union Party Maharashtra 1
Punjab Ekta Party Punjab 3 3
Pichhra Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Prajatantra Aadhar Party Gujarat 1
Prem Janata Dal Telangana 1
Prahar Janshakti Party Maharashtra 1
Purvanchal Janta Party (Secular) Assam 6 14
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Odisha 1
Tamil Nadu 2
West Bengal 3
Pragatisheel Lok Manch Uttarakhand 1
Punjab Labour Party Punjab 1
Public Mission Party Bihar 2
Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 3
Pravasi Nivasi Party Kerala 1
Peoples Party Of India (Democratic) Bihar 9 56
Chhattisgarh 1
Gujarat 2
Haryana 6
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 4
Madhya Pradesh 7
Maharashtra 6
NCT OF Delhi 5
Punjab 2
Rajasthan 2
Uttar Pradesh 8
Uttarakhand 1
People'S Party Of Arunachal Arunachal Pradesh 2
Pyramid Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 20 48
Gujarat 2
Karnataka 6
NCT OF Delhi 5
Punjab 1
Tamil Nadu 2
Telangana 11
West Bengal 1
Prajatantrik Samadhan Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress Madhya Pradesh 1 2
Rajasthan 1
Peoples Representation For Identity And Status Of Mizoram (Prism) Party Mizoram 1 6
NCT OF Delhi 5
Prithviraj Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 3
Prabuddha Republican Party Maharashtra 4 5
Rajasthan 1
Praja Shanthi Party Andhra Pradesh 4
Praja Satta Party Karnataka 1 2
Telangana 1
Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia) Bihar 8 82
Haryana 8
Jammu & Kashmir 1
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 9
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 2
Rajasthan 1
Tamil Nadu 2
Uttar Pradesh 47
Uttarakhand 1
Pichhara Samaj Party United Jharkhand 1 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Proutist Sarva Samaj Bihar 1 7
Jharkhand 2
Karnataka 1
Rajasthan 2
Uttar Pradesh
Pragatisheel Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 3
Prajaa Swaraaj Party Telangana 1
Purvanchal Mahapanchayat Bihar 2 3
Uttar Pradesh 1
Parivartan Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3
NCT OF Delhi 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Radical Democrats Andhra Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Raita Bharat Party Karnataka 1
Rajnaitik Vikalp Party Bihar 1
Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch West Bengal 1
Rashtriya Aamjan Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Rajyadhikara Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Rashtrawadi Party of India, Uttar Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Independent Morcha Odisha 1
Rashtriya Janasachetan Party (R.J.P.) West Bengal 5
Rashtriya Jansanchar Dal 1
Rashtriya Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Janwadi Party (Socialist) Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Mahan Gantantra Party Bihar 3
Rashtriya Mahila Party 1
Rashtriya Matadata Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Naujawan Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Sahara Party Haryana 1 3
Punjab 2
Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party Maharashtra 1
Rastriya Insaaf Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Vikas Party Haryana 1
Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi Andhra Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party Maharashtra 1
Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party Haryana 1
Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Backward Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Republican Bahujan Sena Maharashtra 1
Rashtriya Dal United Bihar 1
Real Democracy Party Gujarat 1
Rashtriya Garib Dal Haryana 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Gondvana Party Chhattisgarh 1
Rashtriya Jansena Party Maharashtra 1
Rashtriya Hind Sena Bihar 6
Rashtriya Jansabha Party Chhattisgarh 7
Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2
West Bengal 1
Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party (United) Uttar Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party West Bengal 6
Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party Haryana 1
Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party Manipur 1
Rashtriya Jankranti Party Chandigarh 1 3
Jammu & Kashmir 1
Telangana 1
Rashtriya Janmat Party Uttar Pradesh 1 2
Rashtriya Jansurajya Party Maharashtra 2
Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular) Maharashtra 2 7
Punjab 1
Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party Bihar 7 13
Karnataka 1
Maharashtra 2
NCT OF Delhi 1
Rajasthan 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party Jharkhand 2
Rashtriya Janutthan Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtravadi Kranti Dal Maharashtra 1
Rashtriya Kranti Party Rajasthan 1 5
Uttar Pradesh 4
Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 1 4
Madhya Pradesh 1
Rajasthan 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 3
Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party Chandigarh 1 8
Haryana 6
Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party Haryana 1 3
Uttar Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Mangalam Party Rajasthan 1
Rashtriya Maratha Party Maharashtra 5
Revolutionary Marxist Party of India Haryana 1 2
Rashtra Nirman Party Haryana 1 5
Madhya Pradesh 1
NCT OF Delhi 3
Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party Gujarat 1
Republican Paksha (Khoripa) Chhattisgarh 1
Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular) Andhra Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Pragati Party Bihar 1
Republican Party Of India Bihar 1 8
Haryana 1
Karnataka 1
Tamil Nadu 1
Telangana 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Republican Party Of India (Kamble) Goa 1
Republican Party Of India (A) Andhra Pradesh 5 33
Assam 3
Bihar 2
Chandigarh 3
Haryana 1
Jharkhand 2
Karnataka 3
Madhya Pradesh 4
NCT OF Delhi 5
Punjab 1
Tamil Nadu 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
West Bengal 1
Republican Party Of India (KHOBRAGADE) Andhra Pradesh 1 2
Telangana 1
Republican Party of India (Reformist) Madhya Pradesh 1 2
Republican Party Of India (Karnataka) Karnataka 4
Republican Party of India Ektavadi Haryana 1
Rashtriya Power Party Gujarat 2 3
Rajasthan 1
Republican Sena Karnataka 4
Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party Bihar 1 7
Haryana 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
NCT OF Delhi 3
Rajasthan 1
Rashtriya Apna Dal Madhya Pradesh 1 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Sangail Party Jharkhand 1
Rashtriya Sahyog Party Bihar 1
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Gujarat 1 12
Karnataka 2
Kerala 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Punjab 1
Uttar Pradesh 6
Rashtriya Samanta Dal Uttar Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Samrasta Party NCT OF Delhi 3
Rashtriya Samta Party (Secular) Bihar 4 5
Jharkhand 1
Rashtravadi Party (Bharat) Uttar Pradesh 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party Of India(Marxist) 1
Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular) Gujarat 1 2
Maharashtra 1
Rashtra Sewa Dal Bihar 1
Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 2 7
Uttar Pradesh 5
Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party Rajasthan 1
Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party Bihar 2
Rashtriya Azad Manch Himachal Pradesh 2
Rashtriya Janvikas Party (Democratic) Bihar 1
Right to Recall Party Gujarat 4 14
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
NCT OF Delhi 2
Rajasthan 3
Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Ulama Council Bihar 1 10
Maharashtra 4
Uttar Pradesh 5
Rashtravadi Janata Party Bihar 2 4
West Bengal 2
Rashtriya Viklang Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtriya Vyapari Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party Gujarat 1
Rashtrawadi Chetna Party 1
Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party Bihar 2
Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann) Punjab 2
Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party Chandigarh 1 6
Punjab 5
Samajwadi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Sabse Achchhi Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Sarvshreshth Dal Uttar Pradesh 1
Saman Aadmi Saman Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Sabka Dal United Uttar Pradesh 3
Swatantra Bharat Paksha Maharashtra 3
Sabhi Jan Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Samaj Bhalai Morcha 1
Swarna Bharat Party Assam 1 3
Maharashtra 1
Rajasthan 1
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party Bihar 5 24
Uttar Pradesh 19
Socialist Party (India) Madhya Pradesh 1 3
Punjab 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali) Punjab 1
Secular Democratic Congress Karnataka 1 4
Kerala 2
Telangana 1
Social Democratic Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 1 14
Karnataka 1
Kerala 10
Tamil Nadu 1
West Bengal 1
Samajwadi Forward Bloc Andhra Pradesh 1 11
Karnataka 1
Kerala 1
Maharashtra 1
Tamil Nadu 1
Telangana 6
Saaf Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Sangharsh Sena Maharashtra 1
Shane Hind Fourm Uttar Pradesh 1
Shiromani Akali Dal(Taksali) 1
Shri Janta Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Smart Indians Party Madhya Pradesh 4
Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic Bihar 1
Samajwadi Jan Parishad West Bengal 1
Swatantra Jantaraj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 9
Uttar Pradesh 8
Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka) Karnataka 1
Social Justice Party Of India Telangana 3
Sajag Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Sanjhi Virasat Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party Bihar 2
Samata Kranti Dal Odisha 1
Satya Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Shiromani Lok Dal Party 1
Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Samrat Ashok Sena Party Uttar Pradesh 1
Samajik Nyaya Party Haryana 2
Samta Vikas Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Socialist Janata Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Swaraj Party (Loktantrik) Bihar 2
Sapaks Party Bihar 1 12
Haryana 1
Madhya Pradesh 10
Samajtantric Party Of India West Bengal 1
Samaanya Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 1
Sarvadharam Party (MADHYA PRADESH) Chhattisgarh 1 2
Madhya Pradesh 1
Sanman Rajkiya Paksha Maharashtra 1
Sikkim Republican Party Sikkim 1
Sarvodaya Prabhat Party NCT OF Delhi 1
Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh) Chhattisgarh 1
Shoshit Samaj Dal Bihar 7
Samata Samadhan Party Madhya Pradesh 1
Samdarshi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal Madhya Pradesh 1 7
Maharashtra 2
NCT OF Delhi 3
Uttar Pradesh 1
Satya Bahumat Party Himachal Pradesh 1 7
NCT OF Delhi 3
Rajasthan 2
Uttar Pradesh 1
Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party) Uttar Pradesh 3
Socialist Unity Centre Of India (COMMUNIST) Andhra Pradesh 2 114
Assam 6
Bihar 8
Chhattisgarh 2
Gujarat 2
Haryana 4
Jharkhand 5
Karnataka 7
Kerala 9
Madhya Pradesh 3
Maharashtra 1
NCT OF Delhi 1
Odisha 8
Puducherry 1
Punjab 1
Rajasthan 1
Tamil Nadu 4
Telangana 2
Tripura 1
Uttar Pradesh 3
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 42
Sikkim United Front (SUF) Sikkim 1
Sunder Samaj Party Chhattisgarh 1
Samagra Utthan Party Bihar 1 7
Madhya Pradesh 5
Uttar Pradesh 1
Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party Gujarat 2
Sarvodaya Bharat Party Chhattisgarh 1 8
Gujarat 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 2
Uttar Pradesh 3
Sarva Janata Party Karnataka 3
Sarv Vikas Party Uttarakhand 1
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party Gujarat 4
Sarvjan Sewa Party Chandigarh 1 2
Punjab 1
Swarnim Bharat Inquilab Madhya Pradesh 1
Swabhiman Party Chhattisgarh 1 3
Himachal Pradesh 2
Swatantra Samaj Party Bihar 1
Sanyukt Vikas Party Bihar 1 6
Gujarat 3
NCT OF Delhi 1
Uttar Pradesh 1
Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi Tamil Nadu 16
Telangana Communist Party Of India Telangana 1
The Future India Party Tamil Nadu 1
Telangana Jana Samithi Telangana 2
Tamil Maanila Congress (MOOPANAR) Tamil Nadu 1
Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Tola Party Haryana 1
Telangana Prajala Party Telangana 1
Telangana Sakalajanula Party Telangana 1
Tamil Telugu National Party Tamil Nadu 1
Telangana Yuva Shakti Telangana 1
Tripura Peoples Party Tripura 1
Universal Brotherhood Movement Tamil Nadu 1
United Democratic Front Secular Uttar Pradesh 1
United Democratic Party Meghalaya 1
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 4
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Democratic) Uttarakhand 4
Uttarakhand Parivartan Party Uttarakhand 1
Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy Tamil Nadu 6
United People's Party, Liberia Assam 2
Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2
Uttarakhand 1
Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena Jharkhand 1
Uttama Prajaakeeya Party Karnataka 27
United States Of India Party Tamil Nadu 1
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Maharashtra 46
Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 4
Vishwa Jana Party Andhra Pradesh 2
Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad Uttar Pradesh 1
Vikas Insaf Party Uttar Pradesh 2
Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
Voters Party International Assam 7 20
Bihar 6
Jharkhand 1
NCT OF Delhi 1
Uttar Pradesh 5
Vyavastha Parivartan Party Gujarat 4
Vanchitsamaj Insaaf Party Uttar Pradesh 3
Vishva Shakti Party Jharkhand 2 3
Madhya Pradesh 1
Vanchit Samaj Party Bihar 4
Voters Party Haryana 2
Wazib Adhikar Party Bihar 1
Welfare Party Of India West Bengal 2
Yuva Jan Jagriti Party Gujarat 6
Yuva Krantikari Party Bihar 4
Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party Telangana 1
Yuva Sarkar Gujarat 2
Yuva Vikas Party Uttar Pradesh 1

Voter statistics

According to the ECI, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last election in 2014,[127][128] making it the largest-ever election in the world.[129] 15 million voters aged 18–19 years became eligible to vote for the first time.[130][131] 468 million eligible voters were males, 432 million were females and 38,325 identified themselves belonging to third gender. Total 71,735 overseas voters also enrolled.[citation needed]

The residents of the former enclaves exchanged under the 2015 India-Bangladesh boundary agreement voted for the first time.[132]

Electronic voting machines and security

The ECI deployed a total of 1.74 million voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units and 3.96 million electronic voting machines (EVM) in 1,035,918 polling stations.[133][134][135][136] Approximately 270,000 paramilitary and 2 million state police personnel provided organisational support and security at various polling booths.[137] On 9 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which meant that the ECI had to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs before it could certify the final election results.[138][139][140]

Voting

In the first phase, 69.58 per cent of the 142 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect their representatives for 91 Lok Sabha seats.[141] The voter turnout was 68.77 per cent in the same constituencies in the 2014 general elections.[141] In the second phase, 156 million voters were eligible to vote for 95 Lok Sabha seats and the turnout was 69.45 per cent, compared to 69.62 per cent in 2014.[141] For the third phase, 189 million voters were eligible to elect 116 Lok Sabha representatives.[141] According to ECI, the turnout for this phase was 68.40 per cent, compared to 67.15 per cent in 2014.[141] In the fourth of seven phases, 65.50 per cent of the 128 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect 72 representatives to the Indian parliament while the turnout for the same seats in the 2014 election was 63.05 per cent.[141] The fifth phase was open to 87.5 million eligible voters, who could cast their vote in over 96,000 polling booths.[142] In the sixth phase, 64.40 per cent of the 101 million eligible voters cast their vote in about 113,000 polling stations.[143]

The final turnout stood at 67.11 per cent, the highest ever turnout recorded in any of the general elections till date. The percentage is 1.16 per cent higher than the 2014 elections whose turnout stood at 65.95 per cent.[144] Over 600 million voters polled their votes in 2019 Indian General elections.

State/UT Total Voter turnout by phase[141][g]
Phase 1

11 April

Phase 2

18 April

Phase 3

23 April

Phase 4

29 April

Phase 5

6 May

Phase 6

12 May

Phase 7

19 May

Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%) Seats Turnout (%)
Andhra Pradesh 25 79.70   25 79.70    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Arunachal Pradesh 2 78.47   2 78.47    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Assam 14 81.52   5 78.27   5 81.19   4 85.11    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Bihar 40 57.33   4 53.44   5 62.92   5 61.21   5 59.18   5 57.08   8 58.48  8 51.38
Chhattisgarh 11 71.48   1 66.04   3 74.95   7 70.73    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Goa 2 74.94    –  –  –  – 2 74.94    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Gujarat 26 64.11    –  –  –  – 26 64.11    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Haryana 10 70.34   –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 10 70.34   –  –
Himachal Pradesh 4 70.22  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 4 70.22 
Jammu and Kashmir[h] 6 44.97   2 57.38   2 45.66   1⁄3 13.68   1⁄3 10.32   11⁄3 19.92    –  –  –  –
Jharkhand 14 66.80    –  –  –  –  –  – 3 64.97   4 65.99   4 65.42  3 55.59
Karnataka 28 68.63    –  – 14 68.80   14 68.47    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Kerala 20 77.67    –  –  –  – 20 77.67    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Madhya Pradesh 29 71.10    –  –  –  –  –  – 6 74.90   7 69.14   8 65.24   8 75.64  
Maharashtra 48 60.79   7 63.04   10 62.85   14 62.36   17 57.33    –  –  –  –  –  –
Manipur 2 82.75   1 84.20   1 81.24    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Meghalaya 2 71.43   2 71.43    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Mizoram 1 63.12   1 63.12    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Nagaland 1 83.09   1 83.09    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Odisha 21 73.06   4 73.82   5 72.56   6 71.62   6 74.38    –  –  –  –  –  –
Punjab 13 65.96  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 13 65.96 
Rajasthan 25 66.34    –  –  –  –  –  – 13 68.17   12 63.71    –  –  –  –
Sikkim 1 78.81   1 78.81    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Tamil Nadu[i] 38 72.02    –  – 38 72.02    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Telangana 17 62.71 17 62.71  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Tripura 2 83.20   1 83.21    –  – 1 83.19    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Uttar Pradesh 80 59.21   8 63.92   8 62.46   10 61.42   13 59.11   14 58.00   14 54.44 13 47.82
Uttarakhand 5 61.48   5 61.48    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
West Bengal 42 81.76   2 83.80   3 81.72   5 81.97   8 82.84   7 80.09   8 84.50 9 78.73
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 65.08   1 65.08    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Chandigarh 1 70.62  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 1 70.62
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 79.59    –  –  –  – 1 79.59    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Daman and Diu 1 71.83    –  –  –  – 1 71.83    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Delhi 7 60.51   –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  – 7 60.51   –  –
Lakshadweep 1 84.96   1 84.96    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Puducherry 1 81.21    –  – 1 81.21    –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –
Total 542 67.11   91 69.58   95 69.45   1161⁄3 68.40  711⁄3 65.50   501⁄3 64.16   59 64.40 59 61.71

Turnout

State/UT-wise voter turnout details

State/UT Total electors Total voters Total turnout Total seats
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) 318,471 207,398 65.12% 1
Andhra Pradesh 39,405,967 31,674,526 80.38% 25
Arunachal Pradesh 803,563 659,766 82.11% 2
Assam 22,050,059 17,992,753 81.60% 14
Bihar 71,216,290 40,830,453 57.33% 40
Chandigarh (UT) 646,729 456,637 70.61% 1
Chhattisgarh 19,016,462 13,622,625 71.64% 11
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) 250,029 198,984 79.58% 1
Daman & Diu (UT) 121,740 87,473 71.85% 1
Goa 1,136,113 853,724 75.14% 2
Gujarat 45,152,373 29,128,364 64.51% 26
Haryana 18,057,010 12,701,029 70.34% 10
Himachal Pradesh 5,330,154 3,859,940 72.42% 4
Jammu & Kashmir 7,922,538 3,562,744 44.97% 6
Jharkhand 22,404,856 14,966,781 66.80% 14
Karnataka 51,094,530 35,159,448 68.81% 28
Kerala 26,204,836 20,397,168 77.84% 20
Lakshadweep (UT) 55,189 47,026 85.21% 1
Madhya Pradesh 51,867,474 36,928,342 71.20% 29
Maharashtra 88,676,946 54,111,038 61.02% 48
Manipur 1,959,563 1,620,451 82.69% 2
Meghalaya 1,914,796 1,367,759 71.43% 2
Mizoram 792,464 500,347 63.14% 1
Nagaland 1,213,777 1,007,437 83.00% 1
NCT of Delhi 14,327,649 8,682,366 60.60% 7
Odisha 32,497,762 23,817,169 73.29% 21
Puducherry (UT) 973,410 790,895 81.25% 1
Punjab 20,892,673 13,777,295 65.94% 13
Rajasthan 48,955,813 32,476,481 66.34% 25
Sikkim 434,128 353,415 81.41% 1
Tamil Nadu 59,941,832 43,419,753 72.44% 39
Telangana 29,708,615 18,646,856 62.77% 17
Tripura 2,614,718 2,154,550 82.40% 2
Uttar Pradesh 146,134,603 86,531,972 59.21% 80
Uttarakhand 7,856,318 4,861,415 61.88% 5
West Bengal 70,001,284 57,230,018 81.76% 42
India 911,950,734 614,684,398 67.40% 543

Opinion polls

This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election § Opinion polling.[edit]
 
Number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time.
 
Indian General Election Trends - 2019

Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day. The ECI banned the release of exit polls from 11 April to 19 May, the last phase of the elections.[145] The commission also banned the publication or broadcast in the media of predictions made by astrologers and tarot card readers.[146]

Poll type Date published Polling agency Others Majority Ref
NDA UPA
Exit polls India Today-Axis 352 ± 13 93 ± 15 82 ± 13 70 ± 13 [147]
News24-Today's Chanakya 350 ± 14 95 ± 9 97 ± 11 68 ± 14 [148]
News18-IPSOS
CNN-IBN-IPSOS 		336 82 124 64 [149][150]
VDP Associates 333 115 94 61 [151]
Sudarshan News 313 121 109 41 [152]
Times Now-VMR 306 ± 3 132 ± 3 104 ± 3 34 ± 3 [153]
Suvarna News 305 124 102 33 [152]
India TV-CNX 300 ± 10 120 ± 5 122 ± 6 28 ± 10 [154]
India News-Polstrat 287 128 127 15 [155]
CVoter 287 128 127 15 [150]
News Nation 286 122 134 14 [156]
ABP-CSDS 277 130 135 5 [147]
NewsX-Neta 242 164 137 Hung [150]
Opinion polls 8 April 2019 Times Now-VMR 279 149 115 7 [157]
6 April 2019 India TV-CNX 275 126 142 3 [158]
Mar 2019 Times Now-VMR 283 135 125 11 [159]
Mar 2019 News Nation 270 134 139 Hung [160]
Mar 2019 CVoter 264 141 138 Hung [citation needed]
Mar 2019 India TV-CNX 285 126 132 13 [161]
Mar 2019 Zee 24 Taas 264 165 114 Hung [162]
Feb 2019 VDP Associates 242 148 153 Hung [163]
Jan 2019 Times Now-VMR 252 147 144 Hung [164]
Jan 2019 ABP News-CVoter 233 167 143 Hung [165]
Jan 2019 India Today-Karvy 237 166 140 Hung [166]
Jan 2019 VDP Associates 225 167 150 Hung [167]
Dec 2018 India Today 257 146 140 Hung [168]
Dec 2018 ABP News-CVoter 247 171 125 Hung [169]
Dec 2018 India TV-CNX 281 124 138 9 [170]
Nov 2018 ABP News-CVoter 261 119 163 Hung [171]
Oct 2018 ABP News 276 112 155 4 [172]
Aug 2018 India Today-Karvy 281 122 140 9 [173]
May 2018 ABP News-CSDS 274 164 105 2 [174]
Jan 2018 CVoter 335 89 119 63 [citation needed]
Jan 2018 India Today 309 102 132 37 [175]

Results

For a more comprehensive list, see Results of the 2019 Indian general election, List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha, and 17th Lok Sabha.
 
A cartogram showing the popular vote in each constituency.

Seat share of parties in the election

  BJP (55.80%)
  INC (9.57%)
  DMK (4.41%)
  AITC (4.05%)
  YSRCP (4.05%)
  SS (3.31%)
  JD(U) (2.95%)
  BJD (2.21%)
  BSP (1.84%)
  TRS (1.66%)
  Other (10.15%)

Vote share of parties in the election

  BJP (37.7%)
  INC (19.67%)
  AITC (4.1%)
  BSP (3.66%)
  SP (2.55%)
  YSRCP (2.53%)
  DMK (2.26%)
  SS (2.10%)
  TDP (2.04%)
  CPI(M) (1.77%)
  Other (21.62%)
 
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Bharatiya Janata Party229,076,87937.30303+21
Indian National Congress119,495,21419.4652+8
Trinamool Congress24,929,3304.0622–12
Bahujan Samaj Party22,246,5013.6210+10
Samajwadi Party15,647,2062.5550
YSR Congress Party15,537,0062.5322+13
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam14,363,3322.3424+24
Shiv Sena12,858,9042.09180
Telugu Desam Party12,515,3452.043–13
Communist Party of India (Marxist)10,744,9081.753–6
Biju Janata Dal10,174,0211.6612–8
Janata Dal (United)8,926,6791.4516+14
Nationalist Congress Party8,500,3311.385–1
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam8,307,3451.351–36
Telangana Rashtra Samithi7,696,8481.259–2
Rashtriya Janata Dal6,632,2471.080–4
Shiromani Akali Dal3,778,5740.622–2
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi3,743,5600.610New
Communist Party of India3,576,1840.582+1
Janata Dal (Secular)3,457,1070.561–1
Lok Janshakti Party3,206,9790.5260
Aam Aadmi Party2,716,6290.441–3
Pattali Makkal Katchi2,297,4310.370–1
Jana Sena Party1,915,1270.310New
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha1,901,9760.311–1
Naam Tamilar Katchi1,695,0740.280New
Makkal Needhi Maiam1,613,7080.260New
Indian Union Muslim League1,592,4670.263+1
Asom Gana Parishad1,480,6970.2400
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party1,462,5180.240–3
Rashtriya Lok Dal1,447,3630.2400
All India United Democratic Front1,402,0880.231–2
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen1,201,5420.202+1
Apna Dal (Sonelal)1,039,4780.172New
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)956,5010.160New
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam929,5900.1500
Swabhimani Paksha834,3800.140–1
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)750,7990.1200
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation711,7150.1200
Revolutionary Socialist Party709,6850.1210
Vikassheel Insaan Party660,7060.110New
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party660,0510.111New
All Jharkhand Students Union648,2770.111+1
Jannayak Janta Party619,9700.100New
Bharatiya Tribal Party539,3190.090New
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi507,6430.081+1
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party500,5100.081New
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi491,5960.0800
Lok Insaaf Party469,7840.080New
Bodoland People's Front446,7740.0700
National People's Party425,9860.0710
Kerala Congress (M)421,0460.0710
United People's Party Liberal416,3050.070New
Bahujan Mukti Party405,9490.0700
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)403,8350.0700
Ambedkarite Party of India381,0700.0600
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena380,8470.060New
Naga People's Front363,5270.0610
Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)344,5460.060New
All India Forward Bloc322,5070.0500
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party313,9250.0500
Punjab Ekta Party296,6200.050New
Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha281,5780.050New
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference280,3560.053+3
United Democratic Party267,2560.0400
All India N.R. Congress247,9560.040–1
Indian National Lok Dal240,2580.040–2
Mizo National Front224,2860.041New
Tamil Maanila Congress220,8490.040New
Gondwana Ganatantra Party210,0880.0300
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)203,3690.030New
Social Democratic Party of India169,6800.0300
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha166,9220.031+1
Nawan Punjab Party161,6450.030New
Kerala Congress155,1350.030New
Sikkim Democratic Front154,4890.030–1
Peoples Party of India (Democratic)153,1030.020New
Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference133,6120.0200
Hindusthan Nirman Dal122,9720.0200
Uttama Prajaakeeya Party120,8000.020New
Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party105,9970.0200
Voters Party International105,9720.020New
587 other parties with fewer than 100,000 votes5,343,8940.870–
Independents16,485,7732.684+1
None of the above6,522,7721.06––
Appointed Anglo-Indians2–
Total614,172,823100.005450
Valid votes614,172,82399.92
Invalid/blank votes511,5750.08
Total votes614,684,398100.00
Registered voters/turnout911,950,73467.40
Source: ECI, ECI

Outgoing Cabinet Minister to lose in the election

Outgoing Ministers of State to lose in the election

Former Prime Minister to lose in the election

Former Chief Ministers to lose in the election

Aftermath

Reactions

National

 
Rahul Gandhi speaks at a press conference after the announcement of results as seen from The Ridge, Shimla

Indian National Congress party leaders such as Rahul Gandhi and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party.[181] Other opposition parties and political leaders such as Sharad Pawar,[182] Mamata Banerjee and Omar Abdullah,[183] congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory.

On 20 November 2019 the Association for Democratic Reforms filed a petition with the Supreme Court of India over alleged ballot-counting discrepancies in the Lok Sabha voting and seeking a probe by the ECI.[184]

International

The leaders of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, China, Comoros, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Nigeria, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe congratulated Narendra Modi and the BJP on their victory.[185]

Government formation

This section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election § Government formation.[edit]

Swearing-in ceremony

This section is an excerpt from Second swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi § lead section.[edit]
Narendra Modi, parliamentary leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, started his tenure after his swearing-in as the 16th Prime Minister of India on 30 May 2019. Several other ministers were also sworn in along with Modi. The ceremony was noted by media for being the first ever swearing-in of an Indian Prime Minister to have been attended by the heads of all BIMSTEC countries.

Impact

The benchmark BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices hit intraday record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened after the exit polls and on the day the election results were announced.[187]

Timeline

This section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election § Electoral events.[edit]

Electoral timelines are as below:[188]

March 2019

  • 10 March 2019: The Election Commission of India announced election scheduled to the 17th Lok Sabha.[188]
  • 18 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 1st poll day.[188]
  • 19 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 2nd poll day.[188]
  • 25 March 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 1st poll day.[188]
  • 26 March 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 2nd poll day.[188]
    • Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 1st poll day.[188]
  • 27 March 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 2nd poll day.[188]
  • 28 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 3rd poll day.[188]
    • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 1st poll day.[188]
  • 29 March 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 2nd poll day.[188]

April 2019

  • 2 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 4th poll day.[188]
  • 3 April 2019: Indian National Congress released their manifesto titled Congress Will Deliver.[190]
  • 4 April 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 3rd poll day.[188]
  • 5 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 3rd poll day.[188]
  • 8 April 2019: Bharatiya Janata Party released its manifesto titled Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat.[191][192]
    • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 3rd poll day.[188]
  • 9 April 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 4th poll day.[188]
  • 10 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 5th poll day.[188]
    • Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 4th poll day.[188]
  • 11 April 2019: Polling held at 91 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 20 states for the first poll day.[188]
  • 12 April 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 4th poll day.[188]
  • 16 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 6th poll day.[188]
  • 18 April 2019: Polling held at 95 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 13 states for the second poll day.[188] (Vellore constituency election cancelled due to illegal cash deposit from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate.)[citation needed]
    • Last date for filing nominations for the 5th poll day.[188]
  • 20 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 5th poll day.[188]
  • 22 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 7th poll day.[188]
    • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 5th poll day.[188]
  • 23 April 2019: Polling held at 117 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 14 states for the third poll day.[188]
    • Last date for filing nominations for the 6th poll day.[188]
  • 24 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 6th poll day.[188]
  • 26 April 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 6th poll day.[188]
  • 29 April 2019: Polling held at 71 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 9 states for the fourth poll day.[188]
    • Last date for filing nominations for the 7th poll day.[188]
  • 30 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 7th poll day.[188]

May 2019

  • 2 May 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 7th poll day.[188]
  • 6 May 2019: Polling held for 51 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states for the fifth polling day.[188]
  • 12 May 2019: Polling held for 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states the sixth polling day.[188]
  • 19 May 2019: Polling held at 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 8 states the seventh polling day.[188]
  • 23 May 2019: Counting of votes and declaration of results for all polling days.[188]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The election for the Vellore constituency was delayed and took place on 5 August 2019.
  2. ^ Two seats were reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled through Presidential nomination.
  3. ^ In 9 states and union territories of India – such as Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala and Uttarakhand – more women turned out to vote than men in 2019.[7]
  4. ^ a b The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis, rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years, with a few exceptions. The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies, and sub-classifies unemployment into categories such as "usual status unemployment" and "current status unemployment" based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed. Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars.[47][48][49] The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist Surjit Bhalla.[48] According to Bhalla, the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd, because the sample survey-based report finds that India's overall population has declined since 2011–12 by 1.2 per cent (contrary to the Census data which states a 6.7 per cent increase). The report finds that India's percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012, which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends, states Bhalla.[48] According to NSSO's report's data, "the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere, and at any time in human history" – which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports, states Bhalla.[48] The NSSO report suggests the inflation-adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage-earners has fallen during the 5-years of BJP government.[48] The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round, state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar,[50] which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions.[48]
  5. ^ According to Chandra: in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party, the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next, followed by the Congress party. In 2004 and 2014, Congress ranked second.[72]
  6. ^ Stanley Kochanek in 1987 published about the "briefcase politics" tradition in Indian politics during the decades when the Congress party dominated Indian national politics.[113] Similarly, Rajeev Gowda and E Sridharan in 2012 have discussed the history of campaign financing laws in India and the role of black money in Indian elections.[114] Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav discuss the rise of "briefcase" black money donations in India triggered by the 1969 campaign financing bans proposed and enacted by Indira Gandhi, and the campaign finance law reforms thereafter through 2017. They call the recent reforms as yielding "greater transparency than ever before, though limited".[115]
  7. ^  /  indicate change from the 2014 elections.
  8. ^ Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.
  9. ^ Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies. Polling in Vellore was cancelled and later held on 5 August 2019.

References

  1. ^ "EC may announce Lok Sabha election schedule in March first week: Sources – Times of India". The Times of India. 18 January 2019. from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  2. ^ "2019 General Elections: Voting to be held in 7 phases from April 11 to May 19, counting on May 23". Scroll.in. from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Lok Sabha Election 2019 Dates Schedule LIVE, Assembly Elections Dates For Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, 2019 Election Date Time for Polling, Counting and Results". timesnownews.com. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  4. ^ "Lok Sabha elections will begin on April 11 and polling will be held over seven phases through May 19, followed by counting of votes on May 23. Lok Sabha Election 2019 : Key Dates, Live News Updates, Election Calendar". english.manoramaonline.com. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  5. ^ At 67.1%, 2019 turnout's a record: Election Commission 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India (20 May 2019)
  6. ^ Polls Are Closed in India's Election: What Happens Next? 19 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, Douglas Schorzman and Kai Schultz (19 May 2019)
  7. ^ Women turn out in greater numbers than in previous elections 21 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Economic Times, Aanchal Bansal (20 May 2019)
  8. ^ "India Election Results: Modi and the B.J.P. Make History". The New York Times. 23 May 2019. from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  9. ^ "Modi thanks India for 'historic mandate'". 23 May 2019. from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  10. ^ "Performance of National Parties". eci.gov.in. 23 May 2019.
  11. ^ Ramani, Srinivasan (23 May 2019). "Analysis: Highest-ever national vote share for the BJP". The Hindu. Retrieved 22 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
  12. ^ "61 Crore Indians Voted In 2019 Lok Sabha Elections; 66% Estimated Voter Turnout". HuffPost India. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  13. ^ "Narendra Modi government will not have Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha again". India Today. from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Final numbers are in: 300 paar for PM Modi, Congress stuck at 52". India Today. from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Assembly polls in 4 states with Lok Sabha elections but not in J&K- Malayala Manorama". english.manoramaonline.com. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  16. ^ "Lok Sabha elections 2019: Congress MP favours more seats for RJD in Bihar". 4 September 2018. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  17. ^ "AIADMK Proves it Mettle in Tamil Nadu, Maintains Hold on Govt After Winning 9 Bypoll Seats". 23 May 2019. from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  18. ^ Electoral system 6 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine IPU
  19. ^ Lok Sabha Election 2019 Phase 3 voting: How to vote without voter ID card 24 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Today (23 April 2019)
  20. ^ "General Voters". Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation. from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  21. ^ Singh, Vijaita (1 September 2018). "General election will be held in 2019 as per schedule, says Rajnath Singh". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  22. ^ "Lok Sabha Elections dates announced: Polls to be held from April 11 in 7 phases, counting on May 23". The Economic Times. 11 March 2019. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  23. ^ "Announcement of Schedule for General Elections to Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha & Sikkim, 2019". Election Commission of India. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  24. ^ Ahmad, Mudasir (11 March 2019). "Kashmir: Why Polls in Anantnag Lok Sabha Seat Will Be Held in Three Phases". The Wire. from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  25. ^ "Election cancelled in Vellore Lok Sabha seat after money seized from DMK leaders". The News Minute. 16 April 2019. from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  26. ^ "Lok Sabha polls in Vellore cancelled due to use of money power". The Economic Times. 16 April 2019. from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  27. ^ Ali, Syed Sajjad (23 May 2019). "Three-tier security at 17 counting centres in Tripura". The Hindu. from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  28. ^ "Polling in Tripura East deferred to April 23". The Hindu. 16 April 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  29. ^ "Mamata's Opposition rally top quotes: 'One ambition — save India, save democracy'". The Indian Express. 19 January 2019. from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  30. ^ T Ramavarman (27 January 2019). "Opposition united only for corruption, undermining institutions, alleges PM Modi". Times of India. from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  31. ^ Election Commission endorsing Modi violations: Congress 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph (28 April 2019)
  32. ^ In its attack on Modi government, the Opposition has failed to distinguish between political executive and independent institutions 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Indian Express (30 April 2019)
  33. ^ a b c SWOT analysis shows NDA well ahead of UPA 3 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India, SA Aiyar (14 April 2019)
  34. ^ Narendra Modi's Challenge In India's Upcoming Elections 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Forbes, Harry Broadman (29 March 2019)
  35. ^ India to be global growth leader in 2019–20: IMF 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, India Today (22 January 2019); At 7.5%, 7.7% India to be top growing economy in 2020: IMF 5 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu (21 January 2019)
  36. ^ India: Report 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, International Monetary Fund (2019)
  37. ^ 131 accountants from India just responded to the open letter from economists and social scientists challenging official GDP data 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Insider, D Dhillon (18 March 2019)
  38. ^ Mayawati again blasts both BJP, Congress 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, IANS (8 April 2019)
  39. ^ Congress put India in fragile five, we put it in fastest gear even in challenging environments: Arun Jaitley 6 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Economic Times, Deepshikha Sikarwar and Vinay Pandey (4 April 2019)
  40. ^ Demonetisation was done in national interest: PM Narendra Modi 6 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Live Mint, Shashi Shekhar (6 April 2019)
  41. ^ Corruption-free government is possible: Prime Minister Narendra Modi 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The New Indian Express, GS Vasu, HK Singh and M Anand (16 April 2019)
  42. ^ Nyay will be game changer, lead to creation of jobs: Ashok Gehlot Interview 8 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India, Subodh Ghildiyal (15 April 2019)
  43. ^ Kumar, Nikhil (14 March 2019). "Unemployment a key issue as India's Narendra Modi seeks re-election". CNN. from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  44. ^ Indian Elections Nearing Amid Frustration with Politics, Concerns about Misinformation 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Pew Research Center, Washington DC (25 March 2019)
  45. ^ a b A Sampling of Public Opinion in India: Optimism persists, but concerns about terrorism and Pakistan loom large 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 2019 polls, Kat Devlin; Survey Results 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Kat Devlin and Courtney Johnson, Pew Research Center, Washington DC (25 March 2019)
  46. ^ "India's unemployment rate hit four-decade high of 6.1% in 2017–18, says NSSO survey". businesstoday.in. 31 January 2019. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  47. ^ Indira Hirway (2002). "Employment and Unemployment Situation in 1990s: How Good Are NSS Data?". Economic and Political Weekly. 37 (21): 2027–2036.
  48. ^ a b c d e f A Statistical Embarrassment 16 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Surjit Bhalla, The Indian Express (13 April 2019)
  49. ^ Yoshifumi Usami; Vikas Rawal (2012). "Some Aspects of the Implementation of India's Employment Guarantee". Review of Agrarian Studies. 2 (2): 74–93.
  50. ^ Unemployment in India: The real reason behind low employment numbers 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Financial Express, Avik Sarkar (28 February 2019)
  51. ^ "Jobs data not finalised: Government after NSSO 'Report'". The Economic Times. 1 February 2019. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  52. ^ a b (a) More joblessness: ILO sees India's unemployment rate rising to 3.5% in 2018 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, Somesh Jha (24 January 2019); (b) Full Report: World Employment Social Outlook Report, International Labour Organization (2019), ISBN 978-92-2-132952-7, pages 108–109, Appendix D and Southern Asia section
  53. ^ "Modi Government is in Deep Denial Over India's 'Jobless Growth' Crisis". The Wire. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  54. ^ "Jobs not lacking, issue is lack of data on jobs, says PM Modi". hindustantimes.com/. 2 July 2018. from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  55. ^ "Modi Claims The Job Crisis Is Actually A Data Crisis". HuffPost India. 3 July 2018. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  56. ^ Most unemployment surveys are skewed, PM Narendra Modi tells House 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, Archis Mohan (8 February 2019)
  57. ^ "Maharashtra: Congress goes on the attack in ads". The Indian Express. 2 April 2019. from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  58. ^ What kind of leadership will lead India is the biggest issue: Amit Shah, BJP President 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Economic Times, 1 April 2019
  59. ^ Rawat, Virendra Singh (15 March 2019). "2019 Lok Sabha Election: BJP hopes to reap poll gains from 'PM Kisan' in UP". Business Standard India. from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019 – via Business Standard.
  60. ^ a b Unconditional loan waiver on-demand list of farmer outfits 16 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India, TNN (15 March 2019)
  61. ^ a b Explained: Why farmers are angry in India's fastest-growing farm economy 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, B Tripathi (30 November 2018)
  62. ^ India: Country Report 11 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2018)
  63. ^ a b c Honesty over dynasty, Vikas over vote-bank politics: PM Modi presents govt's report card, slams Congress 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, India Today (20 March 2019)
  64. ^ PM Modi slams Congress, says India's institutions biggest casualty of 'dynastic politics' 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Today (20 March 2019)
  65. ^ India's institutions biggest casualty of dynasty politics: PM attacks Congress 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Asian Age (20 March 2019)
  66. ^ Rahul, Priyanka turned Mahatma Gandhi's fear of dynasty politics into reality: Adityanath 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard, ANI (8 April 2019)
  67. ^ ‘India developed because of dynasty politics’: Kumaraswamy counters BJP 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindustan Times (18 April 2019)
  68. ^ BJP raking up ‘dynasty politics’ to divert attention from real issues: Congress 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India (24 March 2019)
  69. ^ a b c Sanghera, Tisha (2019). "BJP Is No Less 'Dynastic' Than Congress, Lok Sabha Data Indicates". No. 29 March. BloombergQuint. BloombergQuint. from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  70. ^ Data shows UP, India's largest state, elected most dynasts, majority in BJP 27 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Tish Sanghera, IndiaSpend, Business Standard (7 April 2019)
  71. ^ Kanchan Chandra (2016). Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–18. ISBN 978-1-316-59212-0. from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  72. ^ a b Anjali Bohlken (2016). Kanchan Chandra (ed.). Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 240–247, 44, 114–115 (Adam Ziegfeld Chapter). ISBN 978-1-316-59212-0. from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  73. ^ "'They say 'chowkidar chor hai' but look where money is found': PM Modi jabs Congress over IT raids". 9 April 2019. from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  74. ^ "After I-T raids on properties linked to Kamal Nath aides, Narendra Modi turns corruption into chief poll plank". Firstpost. 9 April 2019. from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  75. ^ a b c Facebook Removes Hundreds of Fake Accounts Ahead of India Elections 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Newley Purnell, The Wall Street Journal (1 April 2019)
  76. ^ a b c As India Votes, False Posts and Hate Speech Flummox Facebook 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (1 April 2019)
  77. ^ "BJP tops political advertisement spend on Facebook, Google in Feb–May". The Hindu. PTI. 19 May 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  78. ^ "BJP, Congress share more 'junk news' on WhatsApp than BSP-SP, says Oxford study". The Indian Express. 14 May 2019. from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  79. ^ a b Vidya Narayanan; Bence Kollanyi; et al. (13 May 2019). "News and Information over Facebook and WhatsApp during the Indian Election Campaign". The Computational Propaganda Project. from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.; Full paper: Link 23 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  80. ^ "Fake news shared over two million times on social media during Lok Sabha polls". The New Indian Express. from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  81. ^ "In an unprecedented action, EC curtails West Bengal campaigning after Kolkata violence". The Economic Times. 15 May 2019. from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  82. ^ "Country has to decide what kind of 'pradhan sevak' it wants: PM Modi – Times of India". The Times of India. 12 January 2019. from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  83. ^ Rahul to launch campaign from village where Indira, Rajiv, Sonia started 4 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Economic Times, IANS (14 February 2019)
  84. ^ AAP starts Delhi poll drive with multiple rallies 28 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Business Standard (24 March 2019)
  85. ^ Inside story of why AAP-Congress talks failed | Hear it from Arvind Kejriwal 28 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, India Today (27 April 2019)
  86. ^ PM Modi, Mamata to launch poll campaign in West Bengal Wednesday 9 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India (2 April 2019)
  87. ^ SP-BSP Gathbandhan: How effective is the alliance?, The Economic Times, 12 April 2019, from the original on 18 April 2023, retrieved 27 April 2019
  88. ^ "At first 'Mahagathbandhan' rally, Mayawati says BJP will lose due to policy 'inspired by hatred'". DNA India. 7 April 2019. from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  89. ^ "Vote for change, beware of Congress: Mayawati, Akhilesh". Deccan Herald. 7 April 2019. from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  90. ^ a b "Congress releases manifesto for 2019 Lok Sabha elections, promises wealth and welfare". The Economic Times. 3 April 2019. from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  91. ^ "Congress Manifesto 2019 – We Will Deliver". Indian National Congress. from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  92. ^ Congress Will Deliver 3 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Manifesto Lok Sabha Elections 2019, Indian National Congress
  93. ^ a b c d BJP Manifesto 2019: How it differs from Congress manifesto 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, India Today, Nishtha Gupta (8 April 2019)
  94. ^ "PM Modi, Amit Shah Launch BJP Manifesto Sankalp Patra". NDTV.com. 8 April 2019. from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  95. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  96. ^
October 13, 2023
2019, indian, general, election, general, elections, were, held, india, seven, phases, from, april, 2019, elect, members, 17th, sabha, votes, were, counted, result, declared, election, resulted, landslide, victory, which, seats, formed, government, 2014, april. General elections were held in India in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to elect the members of the 17th Lok Sabha Votes were counted and the result was declared on 23 May 1 2 3 4 The election resulted in a landslide victory for the BJP which won 303 seats and formed the government 2019 Indian general election 2014 11 April 19 May 2019 a Next 543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha b 272 seats needed for a majorityRegistered911 950 734Turnout67 40 0 96pp First party Second party Leader Narendra Modi Rahul GandhiParty BJP INCAlliance NDA UPALast election 282 seats 44 seatsSeats won 303 52Seat change 21 8Popular vote 229 076 879 119 495 214Percentage 37 36 19 49 Swing 6 36pp 0 18ppAlliance seats 353 91Results by constituencyPrime Minister before electionNarendra ModiBJP Prime Minister after election Narendra ModiBJPAround 912 million people were eligible to vote and voter turnout was over 67 percent the highest ever as well as the highest ever participation by women voters 5 6 c The Bharatiya Janata Party received 37 36 of the vote the highest vote share by a political party since the 1989 general election and won 303 seats further increasing its substantial majority 8 In addition the BJP led National Democratic Alliance NDA won 353 seats 9 The BJP won 37 76 10 of votes while the NDA s combined vote was 45 of the 603 7 million votes that were polled 11 12 The Indian National Congress won 52 seats failing to get 10 of the seats needed to claim the post of Leader of the Opposition 13 In addition the Congress led United Progressive Alliance UPA won 91 seats while other parties won 98 seats 14 Legislative assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Odisha and Sikkim were held simultaneously with the general election 15 16 as well as by elections of twenty two seats of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 17 Contents 1 Electoral system 2 Election schedule 2 1 Rescheduled voting cancellations 3 Campaign 3 1 Issues 3 1 1 Allegations of undermining institutions 3 1 2 Economic performance 3 1 3 National security and terrorism 3 1 4 Unemployment 3 1 5 Agrarian and rural distress 3 1 6 Dynasty politics 3 2 Campaign controversies 3 2 1 Income tax raids 3 2 2 Social media abuses and fake news 3 2 3 EC actions under Article 324 3 3 Party campaigns 3 4 Party manifestos 3 4 1 Highlights of the Congress manifesto 3 4 2 Highlights of the BJP manifesto 3 4 3 Other parties 3 5 Campaign finance 4 Parties and alliances 4 1 Political alliances 4 2 Political parties 5 Candidates 6 Voter statistics 6 1 Electronic voting machines and security 6 2 Voting 7 Turnout 7 1 State UT wise voter turnout details 8 Opinion polls 9 Results 9 1 Outgoing Cabinet Minister to lose in the election 9 2 Outgoing Ministers of State to lose in the election 9 3 Former Prime Minister to lose in the election 9 4 Former Chief Ministers to lose in the election 10 Aftermath 10 1 Reactions 10 1 1 National 10 1 2 International 10 2 Government formation 10 3 Swearing in ceremony 10 4 Impact 11 Timeline 11 1 March 2019 11 2 April 2019 11 3 May 2019 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksElectoral systemAll 543 elected MPs are elected from single member constituencies using first past the post voting The President of India appoints an additional two members from the Anglo Indian community if he believes that community is under represented 18 Eligible voters must be Indian citizens 18 or older than 18 an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote name included in the electoral rolls possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India or an equivalent 19 Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting 20 The elections are held on schedule and as per the Constitution of India that mandates parliamentary elections once every five years 21 Election schedule nbsp Official logo Desh ka Maha त य ह र nbsp Election scheduleThe election schedule was announced by Election Commission of India ECI on 10 March 2019 and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into effect 22 23 The election was scheduled to be held in seven phases In Bihar Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal the election was held in all seven phases The polling for the Anantnag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir was held in three phases due to violence in the region 24 Phase wise polling constituencies in each state State Union territory Total constituencies Election dates and number of constituenciesPhase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 Phase 711 April 18 April 23 April 29 April 6 May 12 May 19 MayAndhra Pradesh 25 25Arunachal Pradesh 2 2Assam 14 5 5 4Bihar 40 4 5 5 5 5 8 8Chhattisgarh 11 1 3 7Goa 2 2Gujarat 26 26Haryana 10 10Himachal Pradesh 4 4Jammu and Kashmir 6 2 2 1 3 n 1 1 3 n 1 11 3 n 1 Jharkhand 14 3 4 4 3Karnataka 28 14 14Kerala 20 20Madhya Pradesh 29 6 7 8 8Maharashtra 48 7 10 14 17Manipur 2 1 1Meghalaya 2 2Mizoram 1 1Nagaland 1 1Odisha 21 4 5 6 6Punjab 13 13Rajasthan 25 13 12Sikkim 1 1Tamil Nadu 39 38 n 2 Telangana 17 17Tripura 2 1 1 n 3 Uttar Pradesh 80 8 8 10 13 14 14 13Uttarakhand 5 5West Bengal 42 2 3 5 8 7 8 9Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 1Chandigarh 1 1Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 1Daman and Diu 1 1Delhi 7 7Lakshadweep 1 1Puducherry 1 1Constituencies 543 91 95 1161 3 711 3 501 3 59 59Total constituencies by end of phase 542 91 186 3021 3 3732 3 424 483 542 n 2 complete by end of phase 17 34 56 69 78 89 100 a b c Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days a b Polling in Vellore was cancelled with the election later held on 5 August 2019 see below Polling in Tripura East was rescheduled from 18 to 23 April Rescheduled voting cancellations Vellore Tamil Nadu Over 11 crore US 1 4 million in cash was seized in Vellore from DMK leaders a regional party in Tamil Nadu According to The News Minute this cash is alleged to have been for bribing the voters 25 Based on the evidence collected during the raids the Election Commission of India cancelled the 18 April election date in the Vellore constituency The DMK leaders denied wrongdoing and alleged a conspiracy 26 Tripura East Tripura The Election Commission of India deferred polling from 18 to 23 April due to the law and order situation 27 The poll panel took the decision following reports from the Special Police Observers that the circumstances were not conducive for holding free and fair elections in the constituency 28 CampaignMain article Campaigning in the 2019 Indian general election Issues Allegations of undermining institutions The opposition parties accused the NDA government of destroying democratic institutions and processes 29 Modi denied these allegations and blamed Congress and the communists for undermining institutions including the police the CBI and the CAG and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh 30 The Congress party along with other opposition parties and a group of retired civil servants accused the ECI of being compromised and implied that they endorsed the model code of conduct violations by Narendra Modi and other BJP political leaders during their campaigns 31 verification needed Another group of 81 retired civil servants judges and academics disputed these allegations made counter allegations and stated that the ECI acted fairly and similarly in alleged violations by either side The group stated that such political attacks on the ECI were a deliberate attempt to denigrate and delegitimise the democratic institutions 32 verification needed Economic performance According to The Times of India the major economic achievements of the incumbent NDA government included an inflation rate less than 4 per cent the GST reform and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Its programs in recent years that have positively touched many among the Indian masses include the Jan Dhan Yojana rural cooking gas and electricity for homes 33 According to the IMF the Indian economy has been growing in recent years its GDP growth rate is among the highest in the world for major economies and India is expected to be the fastest growing major economy in 2019 2020 and 2020 2021 with real GDP projected to grow at 7 3 per cent 34 35 36 The GDP growth data has been disputed 33 by a group of Indian social scientists economists and the political opposition s election campaign while a group of Indian chartered accountants has defended the data the GDP calculation methodology and questioned the motivations of those disputing the recent Indian GDP statistics 37 The opposition s election campaign has claimed that both the demonetisation and GST law have seriously hit small business farmers and casual labour states The Times of India 33 38 The incumbent has claimed that they inherited a country from the previous Congress led government that was a legacy of policy paralysis corruption and economic fragility and that the BJP led government policies have placed India on better economic fundamentals and a fast gear 39 Modi claims that his government pursued demonetisation in the national interest his government has identified and de registered 338 000 shell companies identified and recovered 130 000 crore US 16 billion in black money since 2014 and almost doubled India s tax base 40 41 The Congress party disputes the incumbents claims and has alleged that BJP offices have become hubs of creating black money and seeks a judicial inquiry into the Rafale deal with France and BJP s role in corruption 42 National security and terrorism Further information India Pakistan border skirmishes 2019 and 2019 Balakot airstrikeIn response to the 2019 Pulwama attack the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan for the first time since the 1971 Indo Pakistani war The ongoing conflict with Pakistan became a significant factor in the election The opposition parties accused of politicising the army whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of armed forces 43 According to the Pew Research Center both before and after the outbreak of recent India Pakistan tensions their 2018 and 2019 surveys suggest that the significant majority of the voters consider Pakistan as a very serious threat to their country and terrorism to be a very big problem 44 45 Unemployment Main article Unemployment in India According to the Pew Research Center a majority of Indian voters consider the lack of employment opportunities as a very big problem in their country About 18 6 million Indians were jobless and another 393 7 million work in poor quality jobs vulnerable to displacement stated the Pew report 45 A report on unemployment prepared by the National Sample Survey Office s NSSO s periodic labour force survey has not been officially released by the government According to Business Today this report is the first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016 According to this report the 2017 2018 usual status d unemployment rate in India is 6 1 per cent which is a four decade high 46 d The government has claimed that the report was not final 51 According to the International Labour Organization ILO a United Nations agency unemployment is rising in India and the unemployment rate in the country India will stand at 3 5 percent in 2018 and 2019 the same level of unemployment seen in 2017 and 2016 instead of dropping to 3 4 percent as it had previously projected 52 According to the ILO s World Employment Social Outlook Report the unemployment rate in India has been in the 3 4 to 3 6 percent range over the UPA government led 2009 2014 and the NDA government led 2014 2019 periods 52 Opposition parties claimed in their election campaign that the unemployment in India had reached crisis levels The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis 53 Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but the accurate data on jobs has been lacking 54 55 The opposition has attacked the NDA government s performance with the NSSO reported 6 1 percent unemployment data Modi and his government have questioned this job statistics report stating that most surveys that try to capture unemployment rate are skewed since these did not cover the unorganised sector which accounts for 85 90 per cent of jobs in India 56 Agrarian and rural distress The Congress party campaign highlighted agrarian distress as an election issue 57 The BJP campaign highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty It claimed that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached even 10 of the farmers nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers BJP highlights that its Kisan Samman Nidhi helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of 6000 to their accounts 58 The opposition accused this as being an attempt to lure voters 59 According to The Times of India a group of farmer associations demanded that the 2019 election manifesto of competing political parties should promise to keep agriculture out of the World Trade Organization WTO and that the interests of Indian farmers must not be compromised in global trade treaties 60 They also demanded loan waivers and income support for the agriculture sector 60 According to the Business Standard and the United Nation s Food and Agriculture Organization India has witnessed record crop harvests in recent years including 2017 when its farmers grew more foodgrains than ever before 61 62 However the farmers consider the low remunerative prices they receive in the free market to be too low and a need for the Indian government to establish higher minimum support prices for agricultural products These farmers consider this an issue for the 2019 general elections 61 Dynasty politics The BJP highlighted that the Congress party has relied on Rahul Gandhi for leadership since 2013 its lack of internal party institutions and claimed that whenever Congress has been in power the freedom of press and Indian government institutions have taken a severe beating 63 64 During the election campaign its leaders mentioned the Emergency of 1975 the nepotism corruption and widespread abuses of human rights under the Congress rule in the past 63 65 66 Congress led alliance leader H D Kumaraswamy the son of a former prime minister of India and the former chief minister of Karnataka countered that India developed because of dynasty politics stating that dynasty politics are not the main issue rather country s problems are 67 The Congress alleged hypocrisy by the BJP claiming that the BJP itself forms alliances with dynasty based parties such as the Akali Dal in Punjab and that family relatives of senior BJP leaders such as Rajnath Singh and Arun Jaitley have been in politics too 68 According to an IndiaSpend report published by the BloombergQuint the smaller and regional parties such as the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference Lok Jan Sakti Party Shiromani Akali Dal Biju Janata Dal and Samajwadi Party have higher densities of dynasty derived candidates and elected representatives in recent years 69 70 While both the Congress and the BJP have also nominated candidates from political dynasties states the report the difference between them is that in Congress top party leadership has been handed down from generation to generation within the same Nehru Gandhi dynasty family while there has been a historic non dynastic diversity in the top leadership within the BJP According to the report while BJP has also nominated candidates from political dynasties its better public relations operation can leap to its defence when attacked on the same grounds 69 In contrast to the IndiaSpend report analysis of Kanchan Chandra a prominent professor of Politics of the 2004 2009 and 2014 general elections included a finding that the Congress party has had about twice or more dynastic parliamentarians than the BJP at those elections and higher than all major political parties in India except the Samajwadi Party 71 e Many of these dynastic politicians in India who inherit the leadership positions have never held any jobs and lack state or local experience states Anjali Bohlken a professor and political science scholar and this raises concerns of rampant nepotism and appointments of their own friends relatives and cronies if elected 72 The BJP has targeted the Congress party in the 2019 elections for alleged nepotism and a family dynasty for leadership 63 69 Campaign controversies Income tax raids In April 2019 raids conducted by the Income Tax Department found bundles of unaccounted for cash amounting to 281 crore US 35 million along with liquor and documentary evidence in premises of people with close connections to Madhya Pradesh chief minister Kamal Nath of the Congress Modi has highlighted this evidence to attack the Congress in its election campaign alleging corruption is part of Congress party s culture 73 74 Social media abuses and fake news According to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal the election attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through social media 75 76 Facebook said that over a hundred of these advocacy accounts spreading disinformation were traced to employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing 75 76 Some others have been linked to the INC and BJP 75 76 Political parties spent over 53 crore US 6 6 million with the largest spending by BJP on digital platforms for online ads The BJP placed 2 500 ads on Facebook while the Congress placed 3 686 ads 77 According to a study by Vidya Narayanan and colleagues at the Oxford Internet Institute social media was used by all the major parties and alliances and all of them linked or posted divisive and conspiratorial content and images According to Narayanan a third of the BJP s images a quarter of the INC s images and a tenth the SP BSP s images were catalogued as divisive and conspiratorial 78 79 The Narayanan et al study added that we observed very limited amounts of hate speech gore or pornography in either platform samples by BJP Congress or SP BSP but the election did include proportionally more polarising information on social media than other countries except for the US presidential election in 2016 79 About 50 000 fake news stories were published during the recent Lok Sabha elections and shared 2 million times according to a study conducted by fact checking startup Logically 80 EC actions under Article 324 Election Commission curtailed West Bengal campaigning by one day after a bust of 19th century Bengali icon Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was vandalised during 7th phase poll violence 81 Party campaigns Main articles Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election and Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election 12 January 2019 Prime Minister Modi launched the BJP s election campaign 82 14 February 2019 The INC president Rahul Gandhi launched his campaign from Lal Dungri village in Gujarat s Dharampur 83 24 March 2019 The Aam Aadmi Party began its campaign in Delhi 84 85 2 April 2019 The Trinamool Congress party launched its campaign from Dinhata Coochbehar 86 7 April 2019 Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party began campaigning together as an alliance Mahagathbandhan along with regional parties such as the Rashtriya Lok Dal 87 Their first joint campaign started in Deoband in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh 88 89 Party manifestos Highlights of the Congress manifesto The Congress released its manifesto titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April 90 91 Some of its highlights 90 92 93 Introduce a Nyuntam Aay Yojana welfare program wherein 72 000 US 900 per year will be transferred directly to the bank account of a woman member in each family in the poorest 20 percent households Create 1 million Seva Mitra jobs in rural and urban local government bodies Fill all 400 000 central government vacancies before March 2020 and encourage state governments to fill their 2 000 000 vacancies Enact a law that requires all non government controlled employers with over 100 employees to implement an apprentice program Enact a permanent National Commission on Agricultural Development and Planning and introduce a Kisan Budget Farmer Budget in the parliament every year Waive all farmer loans in all states with any amounts outstanding Enact a Right to Homestead Act that will provide free land to every household that does not own a home Enact a Right to Healthcare Act and guarantee every citizen free diagnostics free medicines free hospitalisation and free out patient care Double spending on healthcare to 3 percent of its GDP by 2024 Double spending on education to 6 percent of its GDP by 2024 Revise the national GST law from three tax tiers to a single moderate rate of tax Reduce taxes on exported products to zero Exempt from the GST essential goods and services that are currently not exempt Enact a new Direct Taxes Code Augment and rapid construction of national highways Modernise Indian railway infrastructure Promote green energy Manufacturing promotion Increase defence spending Enact a National Election Fund wherein public funds will be distributed to recognised political parties to run their campaign Preserve special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A 93 Amend the Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1958 End the Sedition law Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code Highlights of the BJP manifesto The BJP released its manifesto sub titled Sankalpit Bharat Sashakt Bharat lit Resolute India Empowered India on 8 April 94 95 Some of its highlights 93 95 96 Implementation of a nationwide NRC exercise 97 to identify amp deport undocumented immigrants an immigrant being defined in this context as a person who is unable to provide documentary evidence of his her residency in India prior to 26 March 1971 or that of his her immediate ancestors parents amp grandparents in case of being born after the previously mentioned date preceded by an amendment in citizenship laws that will allow only undocumented Hindu Sikh Buddhist Jain Parsi amp Christian immigrants from Pakistan Bangladesh amp Afghanistan who entered India before 31 December 2014 to automatically obtain Indian citizenship 98 99 End special status and special rights to natives of by abrogating Article 370 and Article 35A of the Constitution of India 93 Double farmer incomes by 2022 by completing all major and micro irrigation infrastructure projects opening adequate markets and modern farm produce storage centres implement minimum price supports for farmer produce farmer loans and all weather rural roads Introduce a pension bill for small and marginal farmers to provide social security after 60 years of age Bring all secondary schools under the national board quality purview Invest 100 000 crore US 13 billion in higher education open new and increase seats at existing engineering management and law schools Establish skills and innovations centre at block level in every town Enhance higher education opportunities for women by introducing financial support and subsidies programs Source 10 percent of government procurement from companies with more than 50 percent female employees Ensure a pucca lit brick solid modern house safe potable water toilet LPG gas cylinder electricity and banking account for every family Reduce the percentage of families living under the poverty line to a single digit by 2024 Double the length of national highways Improve fuel quality by mandating 10 percent ethanol in petrol Scale renewable energy capacity to 175 GW Electrify and convert to broad gauge all railway tracks Establish 150 000 health and wellness centres Start 75 new medical colleges Raise doctor to population ratio to 1 1400 Triple childcare facilities Achieve 100 percent immunisation of all babies Raise India s ranking further in ease of doing business Double exports introduce single window compliance procedures for all businesses Reduce air pollution by eliminating all crop residue burning Digitise paperwork and proceedings modernise the courts Launch and promote a National Digital Library with e books and leading journals to provide free knowledge accessible to all students Launch a Study in India program to bring foreign students to institutes of higher education Privatisation of defence space and agriculture sector for development of India Zero tolerance for terrorism fund resources to strengthen national security guarantee veterans and soldier welfare modernise police forces Other parties Other national and regional parties released their manifestos too The Tamil Nadu based regional parties AIADMK and DMK released their manifesto on 18 March 2019 with each promising to release the seven Tamils jailed after being found guilty for their role in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi a former Congress party leader and prime minister of India The AIADMK promised to press for the political rights of the Tamil people in the Eelam region of Sri Lanka while the DMK has promised Indian citizenship to all Sri Lankan expats According to the Deccan Herald the AIADMK has promised a cash transfer of 18 000 US 230 per year to all families below the poverty level destitute women widows without income differently abled landless agricultural labourers rural and urban manual labourers and destitute senior citizens The AIADMK also promised to raise the tax exemption limit and revisions to the GST law The DMK promised a probe into Rafale fighter jet deal and a plan to distribute free sanitary napkins to working women along with starting martial arts schools for girls 100 Biju Janata Dal BJD released its manifesto on 9 April 2019 It promised a 100 000 US 1 300 zero interest crop loan to farmers every year a 500 000 US 6 300 zero interest loan to women run self help groups 75 percent jobs reservation in Odisha based companies to Odisha youth free education to all girls and a marriage assistance grant of 25 000 US 310 to daughters of poor families It also promised to complete two expressways 101 Communist Party of India Marxist CPIM manifesto promised to raise the minimum wage to 216 000 US 2 700 per year an old age pension of 72 000 US 900 per year and universal public distribution of 35 kilograms of foodgrains per family It also stated the restoration of inheritance tax and an increase in the taxes on individuals and corporations 102 It also promised spending 6 per cent of GDP on education enacting a Right to Free Health Care with 3 5 per cent of GDP on health in the short term and 5 per cent in the long term introduction of price controls on essential drugs breaking monopoly of drug multinationals as well as enact a Right to Guaranteed Employment in urban areas 103 Nationalist Congress Party NCP promised to open talks with Pakistan on terrorism It also promised to expand trade and political relationship with Russia and seek to weaken Russia s ties with China and Pakistan 104 Samajwadi Party promised an annual pension of 36 000 US 450 to poor families in a form of a cash transfer to women It has also proposed a new property tax of 2 percent on homes valued above 25 000 000 US 310 000 as well as raising income taxes on the affluent It also promised to create 100 000 new jobs every year 105 Telugu Desam Party released its manifesto on 5 April 2019 It promised zero interest loans to farmer without any caps a grant of 15 000 US 190 per year to each farmer as investment support a grant of 100 000 US 1 300 to each family with a daughter in the year of her marriage an unemployment allowance of 3 000 US 38 for any youth who has completed intermediate education and free laptops to all students at the intermediate level 106 AITMC s manifesto was released on 27 March 2019 It promised a judicial probe into demonetisation a review of GST law and sought to bring back the Planning Commission It also promised free medical care expanding the 100 day work scheme currently operating in India to 200 day work scheme along with a pay increase 107 Aam Aadmi Party released its manifesto on 25 April 2019 promising full statehood for Delhi to give the Delhi government control over police and other institutions 108 The manifesto promised 85 per cent reservations in the Delhi based colleges and jobs for the voters of Delhi and their families 109 110 Campaign finance Several organisations offered varying estimates for the cost of the election campaign The Centre for Media Studies in New Delhi estimated that the election campaign could exceed 7 billion 111 According to the Association for Democratic Reforms ADR an election watchdog in the financial year 2017 18 BJP received 4 370 000 000 US 55 million about 12 times more donations than Congress and five other national parties combined 111 The electoral bonds in denominations ranging from 1 000 rupees to 10 million rupees 14 to 140 000 can be purchased and donated to a political party The bonds don t carry the name of the donor and are exempt from tax 112 f Factly an India data journalism portal traced the electoral bond donations for 2018 under India s Right to Information Act According to Factly electoral bonds worth about 10 600 000 000 US 130 million were purchased and donated in 2018 According to Bloomberg this accounted for 31 2 percent of political donations in 2018 while 51 4 percent of the total donated amount were each below 20 000 US 250 and these too were from unknown donors About 47 percent of the donations to political parties were from known sources 112 Between 1 January and 31 March 2019 donors bought 17 100 000 000 US 210 million worth of electoral bonds and donated 116 The spending in elections boosts national GDP and the 2009 election spending contributed about 0 5 percent to GDP 117 According to Centre for Media Studies the BJP spent over Rs 280 billion or 45 of the Rs 600 billion spent by all political parties during the polls 118 Congress questions BJP over its poll expenditure 119 Parties and alliancesPolitical alliances Main articles National Democratic Alliance United Progressive Alliance and Communism in India With the exception of 2014 no single party has won the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha since 1984 and therefore forming alliances is the norm in Indian elections There were three main national pre poll alliances They are the National Democratic Alliance NDA headed by the BJP the United Progressive Alliance UPA headed by the INC and the Left Front of the communist leaning parties Given the volatile nature of coalition politics in India alliances may change during and after the election The INC did not form alliances in states where it is in direct contest with the BJP These states include Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Rajasthan Gujarat Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh It formed alliances with regional parties in Jammu and Kashmir Bihar Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Karnataka Jharkhand and Kerala 120 The left parties most notably the Communist Party of India Marxist contested on its own in its strongholds West Bengal Tripura and Kerala confronting both NDA and UPA In Tamil Nadu it was part of Secular Progressive Alliance led by DMK and allied with Jana Sena Party in Andhra Pradesh 121 In January 2019 Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party announced a grand alliance Mahagathbandhan to contest 76 out of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh leaving two seats namely Amethi and Rae Bareli for INC and another two for other political parties 122 Political parties More than 650 parties contested in these elections Most of them were small with regional appeal The main parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP and the Indian National Congress INC This was the first time that BJP 437 contested more seats than Congress 421 in the Lok Sabha elections 123 124 CandidatesMain articles List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election and List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election Altogether 8 039 candidates were in the fray for 542 parliamentary constituencies i e 14 8 candidates per constituency on an average according to PRS India an NGO 125 About 40 of the candidates fielded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi s Bharatiya Janata Party had a criminal case against them Key opposition party Congress was not far behind with 39 of the candidates with criminal charges according to Association of Democratic Reforms analysis 126 Parties and alliances contesting for the 2019 elections Parties States UTs Seats contested Seats won2019 2014 Swing 2019 2014 SwingAam Aadmi Party Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 35 0 1 4 3Bihar 3 0Chandigarh 1 0Goa 2 0Haryana 3 0NCT OF Delhi 7 0Odisha 1 0Punjab 13 1Uttar Pradesh 4 0All Jharkhand Students Union AJSU Jharkhand 1 1 0 1All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 22 1 37 36All India Majlis E Ittehadul Muslimeen Bihar 1 3 0 2 1 1Maharashtra 1 1Telangana 1 1All India Trinamool Congress Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 62 0 22 34 12Assam 8 0Bihar 1 0Jharkhand 6 0Odisha 3 0Tripura 1 0West Bengal 42 22All India United Democratic Front Assam 3 1 3 2Apna Dal Soneylal Uttar Pradesh 2 2 0 2Bahujan Samaj Party Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 0 10 0 10Andhra Pradesh 3 0Arunachal Pradesh 0 0AssamBihar 35 0Chandigarh 1 0Chhattisgarh 11 0Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1 0Daman amp Diu 1 0GoaGujarat 25 0Haryana 8 0Himachal Pradesh 4 0Jammu amp Kashmir 2 0Jharkhand 14 0Karnataka 28 0Kerala 16 0LakshadweepMadhya Pradesh 25 0Maharashtra 44 0ManipurMeghalayaMizoramNagaland NCT OF Delhi 5 0Odisha 17 0Puducherry 1 0Punjab 1 0Rajasthan 22 0SikkimTamil Nadu 35 0Telangana 5 0TripuraUttar Pradesh 38 10Uttarakhand 4 0West Bengal 36 0Bharatiya Janata Party Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 436 0 303 282 21Andhra Pradesh 25 0Arunachal Pradesh 2 2Assam 10 9Bihar 17 17Chandigarh 1 1Chhattisgarh 11 9Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1 0Daman amp Diu 1 1Goa 2 1Gujarat 26 26Haryana 10 10Himachal Pradesh 4 4Jammu amp Kashmir 6 3Jharkhand 13 11Karnataka 27 25Kerala 15 0Lakshadweep 1 0Madhya Pradesh 29 28Maharashtra 25 23Manipur 2 1Meghalaya 2 0Mizoram 1 0Nagaland NCT OF Delhi 7 10Odisha 21 8PuducherryPunjab 3 2Rajasthan 24 24Sikkim 1 0Tamil Nadu 5 0Telangana 17 4Tripura 2 2Uttar Pradesh 76 62Uttarakhand 5 5West Bengal 42 18Biju Janata Dal Odisha 21 12 20 8Communist Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 2 49 0 2 1 1Assam 2 0Bihar 2 0Chhattisgarh 1 0Gujarat 1 0Haryana 1 0Jharkhand 3 0Karnataka 1 0Kerala 4 0Lakshadweep 1 0Madhya Pradesh 4 0Maharashtra 2 0Manipur 1 0Odisha 1 0Punjab 2 0Rajasthan 3 0Tamil Nadu 2 2Telangana 2 0Uttar Pradesh 11 0West Bengal 3Communist Party Of India MARXIST Andhra Pradesh 2 69 0 3 9 6Assam 2 0Bihar 1 0Himachal Pradesh 1 0Jharkhand 2 0Karnataka 1 0Kerala 14 1Lakshadweep 1 0Madhya Pradesh 1 0Maharashtra 1 0Odisha 1 0Punjab 1 0Rajasthan 3 0Tamil Nadu 2 2Telangana 2 0Tripura 2 0Uttarakhand 1West Bengal 31Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 24 24 0 24Independent Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 9 3443 0 4 3 1Andhra Pradesh 99 0Arunachal Pradesh 2 0Assam 44 1Bihar 230 0Chandigarh 13 0Chhattisgarh 54 0Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 4 1Daman amp Diu 1 0Goa 4 0Gujarat 197 0Haryana 85 0Himachal Pradesh 18 0Jammu amp Kashmir 36 0Jharkhand 101 0Karnataka 264 1Kerala 115 0Lakshadweep 0 0Madhya Pradesh 175 0Maharashtra 418 1Manipur 5 0Meghalaya 3 0Mizoram 3 0Nagaland 1 0NCT OF Delhi 43 0Odisha 31 0Puducherry 8 0Punjab 45 0Rajasthan 111 0Sikkim 2 0Tamil Nadu 542 0Telangana 299 0Tripura 9 0Uttar Pradesh 284 0Uttarakhand 17 0West Bengal 100 0Indian National Congress Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 421 1 52 44 8Andhra Pradesh 25 0Arunachal Pradesh 2 0Assam 14 3Bihar 9 1Chandigarh 1 0Chhattisgarh 11 2Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1 0Daman amp Diu 1 0Goa 2 1Gujarat 26 0Haryana 10 0Himachal Pradesh 4 0Jammu amp Kashmir 5 0Jharkhand 7 1Karnataka 21 1Kerala 16 15Lakshadweep 1 0Madhya Pradesh 29 1Maharashtra 25 1Manipur 2 0Meghalaya 2 1MizoramNagaland 1 0NCT OF Delhi 7 0Odisha 18 1Puducherry 1 1Punjab 13 8Rajasthan 25 0Sikkim 1 0Tamil Nadu 9 8Telangana 17 3Tripura 2 0Uttar Pradesh 67 1Uttarakhand 5 0West Bengal 40 2Indian Union Muslim League Andhra Pradesh 3 9 0 3 2 1Kerala 2 2Maharashtra 3 0Tamil Nadu 1 1Jammu amp Kashmir National Conference NC Jammu amp Kashmir 3 3 0 3Janata Dal Secular Arunachal Pradesh 2 9 0 1 2 1Karnataka 7 1Janata Dal United Bihar 17 25 16 16 2 14Jammu amp Kashmir 1 0Lakshadweep 1 0Madhya Pradesh 1 0Manipur 1 0Punjab 1Uttar Pradesh 3 0Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Bihar 4 13 0 1 2 1Jharkhand 4 1Odisha 1 0West Bengal 4 0Kerala Congress M Kerala 1 1 1 0Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 6 6 6 0Mizo National Front MNF Meghalaya 1 1 0 1Naga People s Front Manipur 1 1 0 1National People s Party Arunachal Pradesh 1 11 0 1 1 0Assam 7 0Manipur 1 0Meghalaya 1 1Nagaland 1 0Nationalist Congress Party Assam 2 34 0 5 6 1Bihar 5 0Gujarat 3 0Lakshadweep 1 1Maharashtra 19 4Manipur 1 0Punjab 2 0Uttar Pradesh 1 0Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party NDPP Nagaland 1 1 0 1Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1 1 0 1Revolutionary Socialist Party Kerala 1 6 1 1 1 0West Bengal 4 0Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 2 49 0 5 5 0Assam 1 0Bihar 1 0Jharkhand 1 0Madhya Pradesh 2 0Maharashtra 4 0Odisha 1 0Uttar Pradesh 37 5Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 2 4 2Shivsena Bihar 14 98 0 18 18 0Chhattisgarh 9 0Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 2 0Haryana 3 0Jammu amp Kashmir 3 0Karnataka 2 0Madhya Pradesh 5 0Maharashtra 22 18Punjab 6 0Rajasthan 4 0Telangana 1 0Uttar Pradesh 11 0West Bengal 16 0Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Sikkim 1 1 0 1Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 16 9 11 2Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 25 3 15 12Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Andhra Pradesh 3 7 0 1 0 1Karnataka 2 0Kerala 1 0Tamil Nadu 1 1Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 25 22 8 14All India N R Congress Puducherry 1 0 1 1Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 7 1 1Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 19 21 4 4Jharkhand 2Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 5 3 3Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 1 1 1Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2 1 1Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 10 2 2Aap Aur Hum Party Bihar 1 0 0Aam Adhikar Morcha Bihar 4 5Jharkhand 1Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal Bihar 1 5Chandigarh 1Madhya Pradesh 2Punjab 1Adim Bhartiya Dal Haryana 1Akhil Bhartiya Gondwana Party Madhya Pradesh 4 5Uttar Pradesh 1Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha Jharkhand 1 5Madhya Pradesh 1Odisha 3Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party Bihar 1Akhil Bhartiya Jharkhand Party JharkhandWest Bengal 1Jharkhand Party Jharkhand 4Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh Bihar 1 6Gujarat 1Haryana 1Maharashtra 1NCT OF Delhi 1Uttar Pradesh 1Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League Secular Karnataka 1 2Telangana 1Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha Maharashtra 1 2NCT OF Delhi 1Akhil Bhartiya Navnirman Party Uttar Pradesh 1Atulya Bharat Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2Uttar Pradesh 1Aajad Bharat Party Democratic Madhya Pradesh 2 6Uttar Pradesh 4Akhil Bharatiya Sena Maharashtra 1Akhil Bhartiya Sarvadharma Samaj Party Maharashtra 1Andhra Chaitanya Party Andhra Pradesh 1Adarshwaadi Congress Party Uttar Pradesh 1Adhunik Bharat Party Uttar Pradesh 2Aadarsh Janata Sewa Party Haryana 1Ahila India Dhayaga Makkal Munnetra Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Asli Deshi Party Bihar 4Aadarsh Sangram Party Uttar Pradesh 1Apna Dal United Party Uttar Pradesh 1Adhikar Vikas Party Chhattisgarh 1 2Madhya Pradesh 1Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3 4Telangana 1Akhil Hind Forward Bloc Krantikari Bihar 2Akhand Hind Party Maharashtra 1Ahimsa Socialist Party Tamil Nadu 1All India Forward Bloc Andhra Pradesh 2 34Arunachal Pradesh 1Assam 3Bihar 4Chandigarh 1Haryana 2Himachal Pradesh 3Jammu amp Kashmir 1Jharkhand 4Madhya Pradesh 2NCT OF Delhi 1Odisha 2Telangana 1Uttar Pradesh 5West Bengal 3All India Hindustan Congress Party Andaman amp Nicobar Islands 1 4Gujarat 1Karnataka 1Madhya Pradesh 1All India Jana Andolan Party West Bengal 1All India Labour Party West Bengal 1All India Minorities Front Maharashtra 1 2Uttar Pradesh 2Agila India Makkal Kazhagam Kerala 1 4Puducherry 1Tamil Nadu 2All Indians Party Sikkim 1All India Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 3All Indian Rajiv Congress Party Uttar Pradesh 1All India Ulama Congress Madhya Pradesh 1All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Akila India Vallalar Peravai Tamil Nadu 1Asom Jana Morcha Assam 4Aam Janta Party India Uttar Pradesh 7Aam Janta Party Rashtriya Bihar 3Aapki Apni Party Peoples Haryana 7 21Maharashtra 3NCT OF Delhi 6Uttar Pradesh 5Akhil Bhartiya Ekata Party Maharashtra 1Akhil Bhartiya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Apna Kisan Party Bihar 1Akhand Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2Al Hind Party Uttar Pradesh 2All India Peoples Front Radical Uttar Pradesh 1All Pensioner S Party Tamil Nadu 1Aasra Lokmanch Party Maharashtra 2Amra Bangalee Jharkhand 2 10Tripura 2West Bengal 6Anaithu Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Azad Mazdoor Kissan Party Karnataka 1Aadarsh Mithila Party Bihar 2Anaithu Makkal Puratchi Katchi Tamil Nadu 2Ambedkar Yug Party Uttar Pradesh 1Anaithu India Makkal Katchi 1Anjaan Aadmi Party NCT OF Delhi 1Ambedkar National Congress Andhra Pradesh 2 21Bihar 1Chandigarh 1Gujarat 2Jharkhand 1Maharashtra 4NCT OF Delhi 1Odisha 2Punjab 2Telangana 5Annadata Party Uttar Pradesh 1Andaman amp Nicobar Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Aihra National Party Jharkhand 3 8Karnataka 1Telangana 1West Bengal 3Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party Madhya Pradesh 1Ahinsa Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1Anti Corruption Dynamic Party Maharashtra 1 11Puducherry 1Tamil Nadu 7Telangana 2Apna Desh Party Gujarat 2Ambedkarite Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 1 77Bihar 2Chhattisgarh 11Gujarat 1Himachal Pradesh 1Jharkhand 4Karnataka 1Kerala 3Madhya Pradesh 8Maharashtra 16Odisha 6Punjab 4Rajasthan 15Tamil Nadu 1Telangana 1Tripura 1West Bengal 1Apna Samaj Party 1All Peoples Party Andhra Pradesh 1Ambedkarist Republican Party Maharashtra 2Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi Andhra Pradesh 1Akhand Rashtrawadi Party Madhya Pradesh 1 4NCT OF Delhi 2Uttar Pradesh 1Autonomous State Demand Committee Assam 1Assam Dristi Party Assam 1Akhil Bharat Samagra Kranti Party Chhattisgarh 1Adarsh Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2Ambedkar Samaj Party Karnataka 4 8Uttar Pradesh 4All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1Aarakshan Virodhi Party Madhya Pradesh 2 4Rajasthan 2Awami Samta Party Uttar Pradesh 3Anna Ysr Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 2B C United Front Andhra Pradesh 1Bharatiya Aavaam Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bahujan Azad Party Bihar 1 2Maharashtra 1Bahujan Samyak Party Mission Uttar Pradesh 1Bahujan Awam Party Uttar Pradesh 4Bharatiya Aam Awam Party Bihar 1Bhartiya Anarakshit Party Telangana 3 4Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Azad Sena Jharkhand 1Bharatiya Bahujan Congress Bihar 5 6Gujarat 1Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Karnataka 2Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party Bihar 1Bhartiya Bhaichara Party Uttar Pradesh 2Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party Uttar Pradesh 2Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4Bharatrashtra Democratic Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bharatiya Gana Parishad Assam 4Bhartiya Amrit Party Madhya Pradesh 2Bharatiya Bahujan Parivartan Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party Madhya Pradesh 1Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha Maharashtra 8Bharatiya Rashtravadi Samanta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party Bihar 1 3Uttar Pradesh 2Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Janta Dal Integrated NCT OF Delhi 1Bharatiya National Janta Dal West Bengal 1Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party Bihar 2 7Chhattisgarh 1Jharkhand 1Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 1Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Manvadhikaar Federal Party 1Bhartiya Naujawan Inklav Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiyabahujankranti Dal Karnataka 2 5Maharashtra 3Bharatiya Bahujan Party Chhattisgarh 1Bharat Bhoomi Party Chhattisgarh 2 3Karnataka 1Bhartiya Dalit Party Bihar 3Bhartiya Hind Fauj Uttar Pradesh 2Bhartiya Janta Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Janraj Party Haryana 2 4Punjab 2Bahujan Maha Party Andhra Pradesh 1 20Gujarat 1Haryana 1Karnataka 2Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 13Uttar Pradesh 1Bharat Nirman Party Bihar 1Bhartiya Harit Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bharatiya Peoples Party Karnataka 1Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha Gujarat 1Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party Jharkhand 1 2Uttarakhand 1Bhartiya Insan Party Bihar 1 3NCT OF Delhi 2Bharat Jan Aadhar Party Maharashtra 4Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal Democratic Bihar 4 7Jharkhand 1Karnataka 1Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party Uttar Pradesh 4Bhartiya Jan Samman Party Chandigarh 1 2Haryana 1Bhartiya Jan Sampark Party Madhya Pradesh 1Bhartiya Jan Satta Party Rajasthan 1Bundelkhand Kranti Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Kisan Party Chandigarh 4 15Haryana 1Maharashtra 5NCT OF Delhi 1Rajasthan 1Uttar Pradesh 3Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Krishak Dal Uttar Pradesh 4Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party Bihar 1Bihar Lok Nirman Dal Bihar 8Baliraja Party Bihar 2 7Maharashtra 4Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal Jharkhand 1 10Punjab 7Uttar Pradesh 2Bharat Lok Sewak Party NCT OF Delhi 3 4Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party Chandigarh 1 9Gujarat 1Jharkhand 1Maharashtra 5Odisha 1Bharateeya Manavadhikar party West Bengal 2Bharatiya Momin Front Bihar 7 8Jharkhand 1Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bahujan Mukti Party Assam 1 120Bihar 12Chandigarh 1Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1Gujarat 6Haryana 5Himachal Pradesh 1Jharkhand 5Karnataka 1Madhya Pradesh 9Maharashtra 35Odisha 5Punjab 6Rajasthan 2Telangana 7Uttar Pradesh 10Uttarakhand 2West Bengal 6Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh Jharkhand 1 2Maharashtra 1Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3Uttar Pradesh 2Bhartiya Mitra Party Bihar 3Bahujan Nyay Dal Bihar 3 4Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Nojawan Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Bhartiya Navodaya Party Uttar Pradesh 1Bharatiya Nyay Adhikar Raksha Party West Bengal 7Bhartiya Navjawan Sena Paksha Maharashtra 3Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party Bihar 1Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress NCT OF Delhi 1Bhartiya Panchyat Party Jharkhand 2Bodoland Peoples Front Assam 1Bharat Prabhat Party Bihar 2 53Chandigarh 1Chhattisgarh 1Haryana 5Jharkhand 2Karnataka 2Madhya Pradesh 8Maharashtra 5NCT OF Delhi 2Odisha 2Punjab 5Uttar Pradesh 16West Bengal 2Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha Karnataka 2Bhapase Party Maharashtra 1Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha Bihar 1 2Uttar Pradesh 1Bahujana Raajyam Party Phule Ambedkar Telangana 1Bharat Rakshak Party Democratic Rajasthan 2Bhartiya Republican Party Insan Uttar Pradesh 1Bahujan Republican Socialist Party Gujarat 1 27Maharashtra 26Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party Chandigarh 1Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party Chhattisgarh 5 35Gujarat 1Haryana 5Himachal Pradesh 1Madhya Pradesh 11Maharashtra 1Punjab 1Uttar Pradesh 10Bahujan Suraksha Dal Gujarat 1Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party Chhattisgarh 1Bhartiya Tribal Party Chhattisgarh 2 19Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1Gujarat 6Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 5Rajasthan 4Bahujan Samaj Party AMBEDKAR Chandigarh 1 5Punjab 4Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi Maharashtra 1Bajjikanchal Vikas Party Bihar 7Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Corruption Abolition Party NCT OF Delhi 1Christian Democratic Front Tamil Nadu 1Challengers Party NCT OF Delhi 2Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party Chandigarh 1Communist Party Of India MARXIST LENINIST LIBERATION Andhra Pradesh 2 18Bihar 4Jharkhand 2Odisha 2Puducherry 1Punjab 3Tamil Nadu 2Uttar Pradesh 3Uttarakhand 1West Bengal 2Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist CPI M L 4Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Red Star 4Communist Party Of India Marxist Leninist Red Star Andhra Pradesh 1 25Chandigarh 2Jharkhand 3Karnataka 2Kerala 4Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 2Odisha 5Rajasthan 1Tamil Nadu 1Uttar Pradesh 2West Bengal 5Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch Chhattisgarh 1 2Maharashtra 1Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party Chhattisgarh 1 2Madhya Pradesh 1Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Dalita Bahujana Party Telangana 3Democratic Corruption Liberation Front 1Democratic Party of India Ambedkar Punjab 1 3Desh Janhit Party Maharashtra 1Daksha Party Haryana 1Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 4Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi Maharashtra 1 9Tamil Nadu 8Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party Jammu amp Kashmir 2Democratic Party Of India 1Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist Karnataka 1Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal Haryana 1 3Maharashtra 1Rajasthan 1Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 3Engineers Party Karnataka 1Ekta Samaj Party NCT OF Delhi 1Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 3Forward Democratic Labour Party Chhattisgarh 1Fauji Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Freethought Party Of India Odisha 3Gareeb Aadmi Party Karnataka 1Gondvana Gantantra Party Chhattisgarh 9 23Madhya Pradesh 9Maharashtra 2Odisha 1Uttar Pradesh 2Garvi Gujarat Party Gujarat 3Garib Janshakti Party Bihar 2Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party Gujarat 1Ganasangam Party Of India Tamil Nadu 3Gorkha Rashtriya Congress West Bengal 1Hindustani Awam Morcha Secular Bihar 3Hamari Apni Party Maharashtra 1Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal Andhra Pradesh 1Hind Congress Party Haryana 1 2Punjab 1Hindu Samaj Party 1Hindustan Janta Party Karnataka 3 7Maharashtra 4Hindusthan Praja Paksha Maharashtra 1Himachal Jan Kranti Party Himachal Pradesh 1Hindusthan Nirman Dal Assam 5 47Bihar 2Gujarat 9Jammu amp Kashmir 1Jharkhand 2Madhya Pradesh 8Maharashtra 2Odisha 2Rajasthan 1Uttar Pradesh 14Uttarakhand 1Hamro Sikkim Party Sikkim 1Hind Samrajya Party Bihar 1Hindustan Shakti Sena Chandigarh 1 9Punjab 8Hum Bhartiya Party Jharkhand 1 9Maharashtra 5NCT OF Delhi 1Punjab 1Telangana 1Hum Sabki Party Uttar Pradesh 1Indian Christian Front Karnataka 2 4Tamil Nadu 2Indian Democratic Republican Front Punjab 1 2West Bengal 1Indian Gandhiyan Party Kerala 1 2Uttar PradeshIndian Indira Congress R Rajasthan 1Indian Labour Party Ambedkar Phule Andhra Pradesh 1 4Karnataka 3Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1Indian New Congress Party Karnataka 4Independent People S Party Jammu amp Kashmir 1Indian National League Uttar Pradesh 2India Praja Bandhu Party Andhra Pradesh 4 11Chhattisgarh 1Telangana 6Indigenousn People S Front Of Tripura Tripura 2Indian Peoples Green Party Rajasthan 2Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party Telangana 1Indian Unity Centre West Bengal 2Inqalab Vikas Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena Uttar Pradesh 1Jan Adhikar Party Bihar 6 19Madhya Pradesh 3Maharashtra 7Uttar Pradesh 3Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik Bihar 1Jharkhand Anushilan Party West Bengal 1Janta Dal Rashtravadi Bihar 3Jamat E Seratul Mustakim West Bengal 2Jago Hindustan Party Bihar 3Jharkhand Party Secular Jharkhand 1Janhit Bharat Party Uttar Pradesh 2Jharkhand Party Jharkhand 4Jai Hind Party Bihar 1Jai Hind Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party Haryana 1 4Punjab 3Jannayak Janta Party Haryana 7Janhit Kisan Party Bihar 2 8Uttar Pradesh 6Jammu amp Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party Jammu amp Kashmir 1Jai Lok Party Madhya Pradesh 1Jai Maha Bharath Party Maharashtra 1 3NCT OF Delhi 1Sikkim 1Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Ulgulan 1Janata Congress Jharkhand 2 7Madhya Pradesh 3Maharashtra 1Uttar Pradesh 1Jana Jagruti Party Andhra Pradesh 7Janata Party Bihar 4Jharkhand Party Naren Jharkhand 1 2West Bengal 1Janvadi Party Socialist Bihar 1 2Uttar Pradesh 1Janapaalana Party Democratic Andhra Pradesh 1Jai Prakash Janata Dal Bihar 5 11Jharkhand 2NCT OF Delhi 2Odisha 2Jharkhand People s Party Jharkhand 4Jharkhand People s Party 1Janta Raj Party Uttar Pradesh 2Janral Samaj Party Chandigarh 1 5Punjab 4Janta Raj Vikas Party Bihar 1Jan Shakti Dal Uttar Pradesh 2Jansatta Dal Loktantrik Uttar Pradesh 2Jan Shakti Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Jan Samman Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3NCT OF Delhi 1Uttar Pradesh 1Jan Sangh Party West Bengal 1Janasena Party Andhra Pradesh 17 24Telangana 7Jan Satya Path Party Gujarat 4Jai Swaraj Party Telangana 1Jan Seva Sahayak Party Uttar Pradesh 2Jansatta Party Uttar Pradesh 2Jan Sangharsh Virat Party Gujarat 2 5Jharkhand 1Rajasthan 1West Bengal 1Janta Kranti Party Rashtravadi Uttar Pradesh 2Justice Party 1Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party Karnataka 1Jantantrik Vikas Party Bihar 3Jharkhand Vikas Morcha Prajatantrik Jharkhand 2Jwala Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Jammu amp Kashmir National Panthers Party Bihar 1Jammu amp Kashmir 5NCT OF Delhi 1Tamil Nadu 1Jammu amp Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu amp Kashmir 2Jammu amp Kashmir People Conference Jammu amp Kashmir 3Kamatapur People S Party United West Bengal 6Kerala Congress Kerala 1Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha Karnataka 1Kisan Raj Party Madhya Pradesh 1Kisan Raksha Party Uttar Pradesh 1Karnataka Jantha Paksha Karnataka 2Karnataka Karmikara Paksha Karnataka 4Kalinga Sena Jharkhand 1 5Odisha 4Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh Uttar Pradesh 1Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party Uttar Pradesh 4Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party Karnataka 1Kisan Party Of India Madhya Pradesh 2Karnataka Praja Party Raithaparva Karnataka 2Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena Karnataka 1 5Maharashtra 4Kartavya Rashtriya Party Uttar Pradesh 1Krupaa Party Odisha 3Kanshiram Bahujan Dal NCT OF Delhi 1 5Uttar Pradesh 4Khusro Sena Party Uttar Pradesh 1Kalyankari Jantantrik Party Uttar Pradesh 1Lok Chetna Dal Bihar 1Lok Gathbandhan Party Gujarat 1 7Uttar Pradesh 6Lok Insaaf Party Punjab 3Lok Jan Sangharsh Party Uttar Pradesh 1Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party Bihar 1Lok Jan Vikas Morcha Bihar 2Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 5Lokjagar Party Maharashtra 1Loktantrik Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 1Lokpriya Samaj Party Haryana 1Loktanter Suraksha Party Haryana 2Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party Gujarat 1Lok Sewa Dal Bihar 1Loksangram Maharashtra 1Maharashtra Swabhimaan Paksh Maharashtra 2Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Manipur People S Party Manipur 1Moulik Adhikar Party Bihar 1 13Uttar Pradesh 12Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal Uttar Pradesh 2Marxist Communist Party Of India United Andhra Pradesh 1 6Kerala 1Rajasthan 1Telangana 3Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party Hindustani Uttar Pradesh 1Minorities Democratic Party Madhya Pradesh 2 3Uttar Pradesh 1Manipur Democratic Peoples s Front Manipur 1Mundadugu Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 4Mahamukti Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Mahasankalp Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 2Makkalatchi Katchi Tamil Nadu 2Manav Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1Maharashtra Kranti Sena Maharashtra 2Majdoor Kisan Union Party Uttar Pradesh 1Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party NCT OF Delhi 5Marxist Leninist Party Of India Red Flag Karnataka 1 3Maharashtra 2Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha Bihar 1Makkal Needhi Maiam Puducherry 1 38Tamil Nadu 37Manvadhikar National Party Gujarat 2 4Jammu amp Kashmir 2Manavtawadi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party Madhya Pradesh 3Mulnibasi Party of India West Bengal 2Moolniwasi Samaj Party Bihar 2 3Jharkhand 1Maanavvaadi Janta Party Bihar 2Manuvadi Party Uttar Pradesh 1Mahila amp Yuva Shakti Party Haryana 1New All India Congress Party Gujarat 2National Apni Party NCT OF Delhi 1Nationalist People S Front Rajasthan 1Nirbhay Bharteey Party Gujarat 1National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party Uttar Pradesh 1Navsarjan Bharat Party Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1National Dalitha Dhal Party Andhra Pradesh 1National Development Party Karnataka 1New Democratic Party of India West Bengal 3Navbharat Ekta Dal Himachal Pradesh 1North East India Development Party Manipur 2Nagrik Ekta Party Uttar Pradesh 4National Fifty Fifty Front Uttar Pradesh 1Naam Indiar Party Tamil Nadu 2Nationalist Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 2National Jagaran Party Bihar 1National Labour Party Kerala 1National Lokmat Party Uttar Pradesh 1Nationalist Justice Party Punjab 4National Nava Kranthi Party Andhra Pradesh 1Navbharat Nirman Party Maharashtra 1Nava Praja Rajyam Party Telangana 1National Republican Congress Assam 2The National Road Map Party Of India Assam 1 2NCT OF Delhi 1Nava Samaj Party Andhra Pradesh 1Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party Uttar Pradesh 1Naam Tamilar Katchi Puducherry 1 38Tamil Nadu 37Naitik Party Maharashtra 2 6Uttar Pradesh 4Navarang Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 3 5Jammu amp Kashmir 2Navodayam Party Andhra Pradesh 2Navnirman Party Haryana 1Navataram Party Andhra Pradesh 1New India Party Telangana 2National Women S Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3Telangana 1Nawan Punjab Party Punjab 1National Youth Party NCT OF Delhi 2Odisha Pragati Dal Odisha 1Proutist Bloc India Bihar 1 9Karnataka 2Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 1NCT OF Delhi 3Odisha 1PC 3Peace Party Maharashtra 3 14Uttar Pradesh 11Puducherry Development Party Puducherry 1Peoples Democratic Party Jammu amp Kashmir 1 5Kerala 2Party For Democratic Socialism West Bengal 5People s Party Of India secular Tamil Nadu 2 3People S Union Party Maharashtra 1Punjab Ekta Party Punjab 3 3Pichhra Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Prajatantra Aadhar Party Gujarat 1Prem Janata Dal Telangana 1Prahar Janshakti Party Maharashtra 1Purvanchal Janta Party Secular Assam 6 14Jharkhand 1Karnataka 1Odisha 1Tamil Nadu 2West Bengal 3Pragatisheel Lok Manch Uttarakhand 1Punjab Labour Party Punjab 1Public Mission Party Bihar 2Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 3Pravasi Nivasi Party Kerala 1Peoples Party Of India Democratic Bihar 9 56Chhattisgarh 1Gujarat 2Haryana 6Himachal Pradesh 1Jharkhand 4Madhya Pradesh 7Maharashtra 6NCT OF Delhi 5Punjab 2Rajasthan 2Uttar Pradesh 8Uttarakhand 1People S Party Of Arunachal Arunachal Pradesh 2Pyramid Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 20 48Gujarat 2Karnataka 6NCT OF Delhi 5Punjab 1Tamil Nadu 2Telangana 11West Bengal 1Prajatantrik Samadhan Party Madhya Pradesh 1Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress Madhya Pradesh 1 2Rajasthan 1Peoples Representation For Identity And Status Of Mizoram Prism Party Mizoram 1 6NCT OF Delhi 5Prithviraj Janshakti Party Uttar Pradesh 3Prabuddha Republican Party Maharashtra 4 5Rajasthan 1Praja Shanthi Party Andhra Pradesh 4Praja Satta Party Karnataka 1 2Telangana 1Pragatishil Samajwadi Party Lohia Bihar 8 82Haryana 8Jammu amp Kashmir 1Karnataka 2Madhya Pradesh 9Maharashtra 1Odisha 2Rajasthan 1Tamil Nadu 2Uttar Pradesh 47Uttarakhand 1Pichhara Samaj Party United Jharkhand 1 2Madhya Pradesh 1Proutist Sarva Samaj Bihar 1 7Jharkhand 2Karnataka 1Rajasthan 2Uttar PradeshPragatisheel Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 3Prajaa Swaraaj Party Telangana 1Purvanchal Mahapanchayat Bihar 2 3Uttar Pradesh 1Parivartan Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 3NCT OF Delhi 1Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Radical Democrats Andhra Pradesh 1Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party Madhya Pradesh 1Raita Bharat Party Karnataka 1Rajnaitik Vikalp Party Bihar 1Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch West Bengal 1Rashtriya Aamjan Party Madhya Pradesh 1Rajyadhikara Party Andhra Pradesh 1Rashtrawadi Party of India Uttar Pradesh 2Rashtriya Independent Morcha Odisha 1Rashtriya Janasachetan Party R J P West Bengal 5Rashtriya Jansanchar Dal 1Rashtriya Janta Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Janwadi Party Socialist Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Mahan Gantantra Party Bihar 3Rashtriya Mahila Party 1Rashtriya Matadata Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Naujawan Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Sahara Party Haryana 1 3Punjab 2Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party Maharashtra 1Rastriya Insaaf Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Vikas Party Haryana 1Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi Andhra Pradesh 1Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party Maharashtra 1Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party Haryana 1Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party Uttar Pradesh 2Rashtriya Backward Party Uttar Pradesh 1Republican Bahujan Sena Maharashtra 1Rashtriya Dal United Bihar 1Real Democracy Party Gujarat 1Rashtriya Garib Dal Haryana 1 2Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Gondvana Party Chhattisgarh 1Rashtriya Jansena Party Maharashtra 1Rashtriya Hind Sena Bihar 6Rashtriya Jansabha Party Chhattisgarh 7Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2West Bengal 1Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party United Uttar Pradesh 2Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party West Bengal 6Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party Haryana 1Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party Manipur 1Rashtriya Jankranti Party Chandigarh 1 3Jammu amp Kashmir 1Telangana 1Rashtriya Janmat Party Uttar Pradesh 1 2Rashtriya Jansurajya Party Maharashtra 2Rashtriya Janshakti Party Secular Maharashtra 2 7Punjab 1Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party Bihar 7 13Karnataka 1Maharashtra 2NCT OF Delhi 1Rajasthan 1Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party Jharkhand 2Rashtriya Janutthan Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtravadi Kranti Dal Maharashtra 1Rashtriya Kranti Party Rajasthan 1 5Uttar Pradesh 4Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 1 4Madhya Pradesh 1Rajasthan 1Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 3Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party Chandigarh 1 8Haryana 6Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party Haryana 1 3Uttar Pradesh 2Rashtriya Mangalam Party Rajasthan 1Rashtriya Maratha Party Maharashtra 5Revolutionary Marxist Party of India Haryana 1 2Rashtra Nirman Party Haryana 1 5Madhya Pradesh 1NCT OF Delhi 3Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party Gujarat 1Republican Paksha Khoripa Chhattisgarh 1Rashtriya Praja Congress Secular Andhra Pradesh 1Rashtriya Pragati Party Bihar 1Republican Party Of India Bihar 1 8Haryana 1Karnataka 1Tamil Nadu 1Telangana 1Uttar Pradesh 1Republican Party Of India Kamble Goa 1Republican Party Of India A Andhra Pradesh 5 33Assam 3Bihar 2Chandigarh 3Haryana 1Jharkhand 2Karnataka 3Madhya Pradesh 4NCT OF Delhi 5Punjab 1Tamil Nadu 2Uttar Pradesh 1West Bengal 1Republican Party Of India KHOBRAGADE Andhra Pradesh 1 2Telangana 1Republican Party of India Reformist Madhya Pradesh 1 2Republican Party Of India Karnataka Karnataka 4Republican Party of India Ektavadi Haryana 1Rashtriya Power Party Gujarat 2 3Rajasthan 1Republican Sena Karnataka 4Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party Bihar 1 7Haryana 1Madhya Pradesh 1NCT OF Delhi 3Rajasthan 1Rashtriya Apna Dal Madhya Pradesh 1 2Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Sangail Party Jharkhand 1Rashtriya Sahyog Party Bihar 1Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Gujarat 1 12Karnataka 2Kerala 1Madhya Pradesh 1Punjab 1Uttar Pradesh 6Rashtriya Samanta Dal Uttar Pradesh 2Rashtriya Samrasta Party NCT OF Delhi 3Rashtriya Samta Party Secular Bihar 4 5Jharkhand 1Rashtravadi Party Bharat Uttar Pradesh 1Revolutionary Socialist Party Of India Marxist 1Rashtriya Samajwadi Party Secular Gujarat 1 2Maharashtra 1Rashtra Sewa Dal Bihar 1Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party Madhya Pradesh 2 7Uttar Pradesh 5Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party Rajasthan 1Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party Bihar 2Rashtriya Azad Manch Himachal Pradesh 2Rashtriya Janvikas Party Democratic Bihar 1Right to Recall Party Gujarat 4 14Jharkhand 1Karnataka 1Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 1NCT OF Delhi 2Rajasthan 3Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Ulama Council Bihar 1 10Maharashtra 4Uttar Pradesh 5Rashtravadi Janata Party Bihar 2 4West Bengal 2Rashtriya Viklang Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtriya Vyapari Party Uttar Pradesh 1Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party Gujarat 1Rashtrawadi Chetna Party 1Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party Bihar 2Shiromani Akali Dal Amritsar Simranjit Singh Mann Punjab 2Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party Chandigarh 1 6Punjab 5Samajwadi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Sabse Achchhi Party Uttar Pradesh 2Sarvshreshth Dal Uttar Pradesh 1Saman Aadmi Saman Party Madhya Pradesh 1Sabka Dal United Uttar Pradesh 3Swatantra Bharat Paksha Maharashtra 3Sabhi Jan Party Uttar Pradesh 2Samaj Bhalai Morcha 1Swarna Bharat Party Assam 1 3Maharashtra 1Rajasthan 1Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party Bihar 5 24Uttar Pradesh 19Socialist Party India Madhya Pradesh 1 3Punjab 1Uttar Pradesh 1Shiromani Akali Dal Taksali Punjab 1Secular Democratic Congress Karnataka 1 4Kerala 2Telangana 1Social Democratic Party Of India Andhra Pradesh 1 14Karnataka 1Kerala 10Tamil Nadu 1West Bengal 1Samajwadi Forward Bloc Andhra Pradesh 1 11Karnataka 1Kerala 1Maharashtra 1Tamil Nadu 1Telangana 6Saaf Party Uttar Pradesh 2Sangharsh Sena Maharashtra 1Shane Hind Fourm Uttar Pradesh 1Shiromani Akali Dal Taksali 1Shri Janta Party Madhya Pradesh 1Smart Indians Party Madhya Pradesh 4Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic Bihar 1Samajwadi Jan Parishad West Bengal 1Swatantra Jantaraj Party Madhya Pradesh 1 9Uttar Pradesh 8Samajwadi Janata Party Karnataka Karnataka 1Social Justice Party Of India Telangana 3Sajag Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 1Sanjhi Virasat Party NCT OF Delhi 1Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party Bihar 2Samata Kranti Dal Odisha 1Satya Kranti Party Uttar Pradesh 1Shiromani Lok Dal Party 1Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party Uttar Pradesh 2Samrat Ashok Sena Party Uttar Pradesh 1Samajik Nyaya Party Haryana 2Samta Vikas Party Madhya Pradesh 1Socialist Janata Party NCT OF Delhi 1Swaraj Party Loktantrik Bihar 2Sapaks Party Bihar 1 12Haryana 1Madhya Pradesh 10Samajtantric Party Of India West Bengal 1Samaanya Praja Party Andhra Pradesh 1Sarvadharam Party MADHYA PRADESH Chhattisgarh 1 2Madhya Pradesh 1Sanman Rajkiya Paksha Maharashtra 1Sikkim Republican Party Sikkim 1Sarvodaya Prabhat Party NCT OF Delhi 1Shakti Sena Bharat Desh Chhattisgarh 1Shoshit Samaj Dal Bihar 7Samata Samadhan Party Madhya Pradesh 1Samdarshi Samaj Party Uttar Pradesh 2Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal Madhya Pradesh 1 7Maharashtra 2NCT OF Delhi 3Uttar Pradesh 1Satya Bahumat Party Himachal Pradesh 1 7NCT OF Delhi 3Rajasthan 2Uttar Pradesh 1Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party Subhas Party Uttar Pradesh 3Socialist Unity Centre Of India COMMUNIST Andhra Pradesh 2 114Assam 6Bihar 8Chhattisgarh 2Gujarat 2Haryana 4Jharkhand 5Karnataka 7Kerala 9Madhya Pradesh 3Maharashtra 1NCT OF Delhi 1Odisha 8Puducherry 1Punjab 1Rajasthan 1Tamil Nadu 4Telangana 2Tripura 1Uttar Pradesh 3Uttarakhand 1West Bengal 42Sikkim United Front SUF Sikkim 1Sunder Samaj Party Chhattisgarh 1Samagra Utthan Party Bihar 1 7Madhya Pradesh 5Uttar Pradesh 1Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party Gujarat 2Sarvodaya Bharat Party Chhattisgarh 1 8Gujarat 1Madhya Pradesh 1Maharashtra 2Uttar Pradesh 3Sarva Janata Party Karnataka 3Sarv Vikas Party Uttarakhand 1Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party Gujarat 4Sarvjan Sewa Party Chandigarh 1 2Punjab 1Swarnim Bharat Inquilab Madhya Pradesh 1Swabhiman Party Chhattisgarh 1 3Himachal Pradesh 2Swatantra Samaj Party Bihar 1Sanyukt Vikas Party Bihar 1 6Gujarat 3NCT OF Delhi 1Uttar Pradesh 1Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi Tamil Nadu 16Telangana Communist Party Of India Telangana 1The Future India Party Tamil Nadu 1Telangana Jana Samithi Telangana 2Tamil Maanila Congress MOOPANAR Tamil Nadu 1Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Tola Party Haryana 1Telangana Prajala Party Telangana 1Telangana Sakalajanula Party Telangana 1Tamil Telugu National Party Tamil Nadu 1Telangana Yuva Shakti Telangana 1Tripura Peoples Party Tripura 1Universal Brotherhood Movement Tamil Nadu 1United Democratic Front Secular Uttar Pradesh 1United Democratic Party Meghalaya 1Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 4Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Democratic Uttarakhand 4Uttarakhand Parivartan Party Uttarakhand 1Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy Tamil Nadu 6United People s Party Liberia Assam 2Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party NCT OF Delhi 1 2Uttarakhand 1Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena Jharkhand 1Uttama Prajaakeeya Party Karnataka 27United States Of India Party Tamil Nadu 1Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Maharashtra 46Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 4Vishwa Jana Party Andhra Pradesh 2Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad Uttar Pradesh 1Vikas Insaf Party Uttar Pradesh 2Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi Tamil Nadu 1Voters Party International Assam 7 20Bihar 6Jharkhand 1NCT OF Delhi 1Uttar Pradesh 5Vyavastha Parivartan Party Gujarat 4Vanchitsamaj Insaaf Party Uttar Pradesh 3Vishva Shakti Party Jharkhand 2 3Madhya Pradesh 1Vanchit Samaj Party Bihar 4Voters Party Haryana 2Wazib Adhikar Party Bihar 1Welfare Party Of India West Bengal 2Yuva Jan Jagriti Party Gujarat 6Yuva Krantikari Party Bihar 4Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party Telangana 1Yuva Sarkar Gujarat 2Yuva Vikas Party Uttar Pradesh 1Voter statisticsAccording to the ECI 900 million people were eligible to vote with an increase of 84 3 million voters since the last election in 2014 127 128 making it the largest ever election in the world 129 15 million voters aged 18 19 years became eligible to vote for the first time 130 131 468 million eligible voters were males 432 million were females and 38 325 identified themselves belonging to third gender Total 71 735 overseas voters also enrolled citation needed The residents of the former enclaves exchanged under the 2015 India Bangladesh boundary agreement voted for the first time 132 Electronic voting machines and security The ECI deployed a total of 1 74 million voter verified paper audit trail VVPAT units and 3 96 million electronic voting machines EVM in 1 035 918 polling stations 133 134 135 136 Approximately 270 000 paramilitary and 2 million state police personnel provided organisational support and security at various polling booths 137 On 9 April 2019 the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency which meant that the ECI had to count VVPAT slips of 20 625 EVMs before it could certify the final election results 138 139 140 Voting In the first phase 69 58 per cent of the 142 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect their representatives for 91 Lok Sabha seats 141 The voter turnout was 68 77 per cent in the same constituencies in the 2014 general elections 141 In the second phase 156 million voters were eligible to vote for 95 Lok Sabha seats and the turnout was 69 45 per cent compared to 69 62 per cent in 2014 141 For the third phase 189 million voters were eligible to elect 116 Lok Sabha representatives 141 According to ECI the turnout for this phase was 68 40 per cent compared to 67 15 per cent in 2014 141 In the fourth of seven phases 65 50 per cent of the 128 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect 72 representatives to the Indian parliament while the turnout for the same seats in the 2014 election was 63 05 per cent 141 The fifth phase was open to 87 5 million eligible voters who could cast their vote in over 96 000 polling booths 142 In the sixth phase 64 40 per cent of the 101 million eligible voters cast their vote in about 113 000 polling stations 143 The final turnout stood at 67 11 per cent the highest ever turnout recorded in any of the general elections till date The percentage is 1 16 per cent higher than the 2014 elections whose turnout stood at 65 95 per cent 144 Over 600 million voters polled their votes in 2019 Indian General elections State UT Total Voter turnout by phase 141 g Phase 1 11 April Phase 2 18 April Phase 3 23 April Phase 4 29 April Phase 5 6 May Phase 6 12 May Phase 7 19 MaySeats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Seats Turnout Andhra Pradesh 25 79 70 nbsp 25 79 70 nbsp Arunachal Pradesh 2 78 47 nbsp 2 78 47 nbsp Assam 14 81 52 nbsp 5 78 27 nbsp 5 81 19 nbsp 4 85 11 nbsp Bihar 40 57 33 nbsp 4 53 44 nbsp 5 62 92 nbsp 5 61 21 nbsp 5 59 18 nbsp 5 57 08 nbsp 8 58 48 nbsp 8 51 38Chhattisgarh 11 71 48 nbsp 1 66 04 nbsp 3 74 95 nbsp 7 70 73 nbsp Goa 2 74 94 nbsp 2 74 94 nbsp Gujarat 26 64 11 nbsp 26 64 11 nbsp Haryana 10 70 34 nbsp 10 70 34 nbsp Himachal Pradesh 4 70 22 4 70 22 nbsp Jammu and Kashmir h 6 44 97 nbsp 2 57 38 nbsp 2 45 66 nbsp 1 3 13 68 nbsp 1 3 10 32 nbsp 11 3 19 92 nbsp Jharkhand 14 66 80 nbsp 3 64 97 nbsp 4 65 99 nbsp 4 65 42 nbsp 3 55 59Karnataka 28 68 63 nbsp 14 68 80 nbsp 14 68 47 nbsp Kerala 20 77 67 nbsp 20 77 67 nbsp Madhya Pradesh 29 71 10 nbsp 6 74 90 nbsp 7 69 14 nbsp 8 65 24 nbsp 8 75 64 nbsp Maharashtra 48 60 79 nbsp 7 63 04 nbsp 10 62 85 nbsp 14 62 36 nbsp 17 57 33 nbsp Manipur 2 82 75 nbsp 1 84 20 nbsp 1 81 24 nbsp Meghalaya 2 71 43 nbsp 2 71 43 nbsp Mizoram 1 63 12 nbsp 1 63 12 nbsp Nagaland 1 83 09 nbsp 1 83 09 nbsp Odisha 21 73 06 nbsp 4 73 82 nbsp 5 72 56 nbsp 6 71 62 nbsp 6 74 38 nbsp Punjab 13 65 96 13 65 96 nbsp Rajasthan 25 66 34 nbsp 13 68 17 nbsp 12 63 71 nbsp Sikkim 1 78 81 nbsp 1 78 81 nbsp Tamil Nadu i 38 72 02 nbsp 38 72 02 nbsp Telangana 17 62 71 17 62 71 Tripura 2 83 20 nbsp 1 83 21 nbsp 1 83 19 nbsp Uttar Pradesh 80 59 21 nbsp 8 63 92 nbsp 8 62 46 nbsp 10 61 42 nbsp 13 59 11 nbsp 14 58 00 nbsp 14 54 44 13 47 82Uttarakhand 5 61 48 nbsp 5 61 48 nbsp West Bengal 42 81 76 nbsp 2 83 80 nbsp 3 81 72 nbsp 5 81 97 nbsp 8 82 84 nbsp 7 80 09 nbsp 8 84 50 9 78 73Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 65 08 nbsp 1 65 08 nbsp Chandigarh 1 70 62 1 70 62Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 79 59 nbsp 1 79 59 nbsp Daman and Diu 1 71 83 nbsp 1 71 83 nbsp Delhi 7 60 51 nbsp 7 60 51 nbsp Lakshadweep 1 84 96 nbsp 1 84 96 nbsp Puducherry 1 81 21 nbsp 1 81 21 nbsp Total 542 67 11 nbsp 91 69 58 nbsp 95 69 45 nbsp 1161 3 68 40 nbsp 711 3 65 50 nbsp 501 3 64 16 nbsp 59 64 40 59 61 71TurnoutState UT wise voter turnout details State UT Total electors Total voters Total turnout Total seatsAndaman amp Nicobar Islands UT 318 471 207 398 65 12 1Andhra Pradesh 39 405 967 31 674 526 80 38 25Arunachal Pradesh 803 563 659 766 82 11 2Assam 22 050 059 17 992 753 81 60 14Bihar 71 216 290 40 830 453 57 33 40Chandigarh UT 646 729 456 637 70 61 1Chhattisgarh 19 016 462 13 622 625 71 64 11Dadra amp Nagar Haveli UT 250 029 198 984 79 58 1Daman amp Diu UT 121 740 87 473 71 85 1Goa 1 136 113 853 724 75 14 2Gujarat 45 152 373 29 128 364 64 51 26Haryana 18 057 010 12 701 029 70 34 10Himachal Pradesh 5 330 154 3 859 940 72 42 4Jammu amp Kashmir 7 922 538 3 562 744 44 97 6Jharkhand 22 404 856 14 966 781 66 80 14Karnataka 51 094 530 35 159 448 68 81 28Kerala 26 204 836 20 397 168 77 84 20Lakshadweep UT 55 189 47 026 85 21 1Madhya Pradesh 51 867 474 36 928 342 71 20 29Maharashtra 88 676 946 54 111 038 61 02 48Manipur 1 959 563 1 620 451 82 69 2Meghalaya 1 914 796 1 367 759 71 43 2Mizoram 792 464 500 347 63 14 1Nagaland 1 213 777 1 007 437 83 00 1NCT of Delhi 14 327 649 8 682 366 60 60 7Odisha 32 497 762 23 817 169 73 29 21Puducherry UT 973 410 790 895 81 25 1Punjab 20 892 673 13 777 295 65 94 13Rajasthan 48 955 813 32 476 481 66 34 25Sikkim 434 128 353 415 81 41 1Tamil Nadu 59 941 832 43 419 753 72 44 39Telangana 29 708 615 18 646 856 62 77 17Tripura 2 614 718 2 154 550 82 40 2Uttar Pradesh 146 134 603 86 531 972 59 21 80Uttarakhand 7 856 318 4 861 415 61 88 5West Bengal 70 001 284 57 230 018 81 76 42India 911 950 734 614 684 398 67 40 543Opinion pollsThis section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election Opinion polling edit nbsp Number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time nbsp Indian General Election Trends 2019Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India Results of such polls are displayed in this list The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election held in April and May 2014 to the present day The ECI banned the release of exit polls from 11 April to 19 May the last phase of the elections 145 The commission also banned the publication or broadcast in the media of predictions made by astrologers and tarot card readers 146 Poll type Date published Polling agency Others Majority RefNDA UPAExit polls India Today Axis 352 13 93 15 82 13 70 13 147 News24 Today s Chanakya 350 14 95 9 97 11 68 14 148 News18 IPSOSCNN IBN IPSOS 336 82 124 64 149 150 VDP Associates 333 115 94 61 151 Sudarshan News 313 121 109 41 152 Times Now VMR 306 3 132 3 104 3 34 3 153 Suvarna News 305 124 102 33 152 India TV CNX 300 10 120 5 122 6 28 10 154 India News Polstrat 287 128 127 15 155 CVoter 287 128 127 15 150 News Nation 286 122 134 14 156 ABP CSDS 277 130 135 5 147 NewsX Neta 242 164 137 Hung 150 Opinion polls 8 April 2019 Times Now VMR 279 149 115 7 157 6 April 2019 India TV CNX 275 126 142 3 158 Mar 2019 Times Now VMR 283 135 125 11 159 Mar 2019 News Nation 270 134 139 Hung 160 Mar 2019 CVoter 264 141 138 Hung citation needed Mar 2019 India TV CNX 285 126 132 13 161 Mar 2019 Zee 24 Taas 264 165 114 Hung 162 Feb 2019 VDP Associates 242 148 153 Hung 163 Jan 2019 Times Now VMR 252 147 144 Hung 164 Jan 2019 ABP News CVoter 233 167 143 Hung 165 Jan 2019 India Today Karvy 237 166 140 Hung 166 Jan 2019 VDP Associates 225 167 150 Hung 167 Dec 2018 India Today 257 146 140 Hung 168 Dec 2018 ABP News CVoter 247 171 125 Hung 169 Dec 2018 India TV CNX 281 124 138 9 170 Nov 2018 ABP News CVoter 261 119 163 Hung 171 Oct 2018 ABP News 276 112 155 4 172 Aug 2018 India Today Karvy 281 122 140 9 173 May 2018 ABP News CSDS 274 164 105 2 174 Jan 2018 CVoter 335 89 119 63 citation needed Jan 2018 India Today 309 102 132 37 175 ResultsFor a more comprehensive list see Results of the 2019 Indian general election List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha and 17th Lok Sabha nbsp A cartogram showing the popular vote in each constituency Seat share of parties in the election BJP 55 80 INC 9 57 DMK 4 41 AITC 4 05 YSRCP 4 05 SS 3 31 JD U 2 95 BJD 2 21 BSP 1 84 TRS 1 66 Other 10 15 Vote share of parties in the election BJP 37 7 INC 19 67 AITC 4 1 BSP 3 66 SP 2 55 YSRCP 2 53 DMK 2 26 SS 2 10 TDP 2 04 CPI M 1 77 Other 21 62 nbsp PartyVotes Seats Bharatiya Janata Party229 076 87937 30303 21Indian National Congress119 495 21419 4652 8Trinamool Congress24 929 3304 0622 12Bahujan Samaj Party22 246 5013 6210 10Samajwadi Party15 647 2062 5550YSR Congress Party15 537 0062 5322 13Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam14 363 3322 3424 24Shiv Sena12 858 9042 09180Telugu Desam Party12 515 3452 043 13Communist Party of India Marxist 10 744 9081 753 6Biju Janata Dal10 174 0211 6612 8Janata Dal United 8 926 6791 4516 14Nationalist Congress Party8 500 3311 385 1All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam8 307 3451 351 36Telangana Rashtra Samithi7 696 8481 259 2Rashtriya Janata Dal6 632 2471 080 4Shiromani Akali Dal3 778 5740 622 2Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi3 743 5600 610NewCommunist Party of India3 576 1840 582 1Janata Dal Secular 3 457 1070 561 1Lok Janshakti Party3 206 9790 5260Aam Aadmi Party2 716 6290 441 3Pattali Makkal Katchi2 297 4310 370 1Jana Sena Party1 915 1270 310NewJharkhand Mukti Morcha1 901 9760 311 1Naam Tamilar Katchi1 695 0740 280NewMakkal Needhi Maiam1 613 7080 260NewIndian Union Muslim League1 592 4670 263 1Asom Gana Parishad1 480 6970 2400Rashtriya Lok Samta Party1 462 5180 240 3Rashtriya Lok Dal1 447 3630 2400All India United Democratic Front1 402 0880 231 2All India Majlis e Ittehadul Muslimeen1 201 5420 202 1Apna Dal Sonelal 1 039 4780 172NewHindustani Awam Morcha Secular 956 5010 160NewDesiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam929 5900 1500Swabhimani Paksha834 3800 140 1Jharkhand Vikas Morcha Prajatantrik 750 7990 1200Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Liberation711 7150 1200Revolutionary Socialist Party709 6850 1210Vikassheel Insaan Party660 7060 110NewRashtriya Loktantrik Party660 0510 111NewAll Jharkhand Students Union648 2770 111 1Jannayak Janta Party619 9700 100NewBharatiya Tribal Party539 3190 090NewViduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi507 6430 081 1Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party500 5100 081NewBahujan Vikas Aaghadi491 5960 0800Lok Insaaf Party469 7840 080NewBodoland People s Front446 7740 0700National People s Party425 9860 0710Kerala Congress M 421 0460 0710United People s Party Liberal416 3050 070NewBahujan Mukti Party405 9490 0700Socialist Unity Centre of India Communist 403 8350 0700Ambedkarite Party of India381 0700 0600Bharath Dharma Jana Sena380 8470 060NewNaga People s Front363 5270 0610Pragatishil Samajwadi Party Lohia 344 5460 060NewAll India Forward Bloc322 5070 0500Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party313 9250 0500Punjab Ekta Party296 6200 050NewMaharashtra Swabhiman Paksha281 5780 050NewJammu amp Kashmir National Conference280 3560 053 3United Democratic Party267 2560 0400All India N R Congress247 9560 040 1Indian National Lok Dal240 2580 040 2Mizo National Front224 2860 041NewTamil Maanila Congress220 8490 040NewGondwana Ganatantra Party210 0880 0300Jansatta Dal Loktantrik 203 3690 030NewSocial Democratic Party of India169 6800 0300Sikkim Krantikari Morcha166 9220 031 1Nawan Punjab Party161 6450 030NewKerala Congress155 1350 030NewSikkim Democratic Front154 4890 030 1Peoples Party of India Democratic 153 1030 020NewJammu and Kashmir People s Conference133 6120 0200Hindusthan Nirman Dal122 9720 0200Uttama Prajaakeeya Party120 8000 020NewBhartiya Shakti Chetna Party105 9970 0200Voters Party International105 9720 020New587 other parties with fewer than 100 000 votes5 343 8940 870 Independents16 485 7732 684 1None of the above6 522 7721 06 Appointed Anglo Indians2 Total614 172 823100 005450Valid votes614 172 82399 92Invalid blank votes511 5750 08Total votes614 684 398100 00Registered voters turnout911 950 73467 40Source ECI ECIOutgoing Cabinet Minister to lose in the election Anant Geete Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Raigad Shiv Sena 176 Outgoing Ministers of State to lose in the election Manoj Sinha Minister of State for Communications Independent charge Ghazipur BJPAlphons Kannanthanam Minister of State for Electronics and IT and Minister of State for Tourism Independent charge Ernakulam BJP Hardeep Singh Puri Minister of State for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Amritsar BJP Hansraj Gangaram Ahir Minister of State for Home Affairs Chandrapur Pon Radhakrishnan Minister of State for Finance Kanyakumari BJPFormer Prime Minister to lose in the election H D Deve Gowda JD S Prime Minister of India from 1996 1997 lost from Tumkur of Karnataka 177 Former Chief Ministers to lose in the election H D Deve Gowda Karnataka Tumkur JD S Sheila Dikshit Delhi North East Delhi INC 178 Digvijaya Singh Madhya Pradesh Bhopal INC Sushil Kumar Shinde Maharashtra Solapur INC 179 Ashok Chavan Maharashtra Nanded INC 180 Harish Rawat Uttarakhand Nainital Udhamsingh Nagar INC Bhupinder Singh Hooda Haryana Sonipat INC Veerappa Moily Karnataka Chikkballapur INC Mukul Sangma Meghalaya Tura INC Nabam Tuki Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal West INC Shibu Soren Jharkhand Dumka JMM Jitan Ram Manjhi Bihar Gaya HAM Babu Lal Marandi Jharkhand Kodarma JVM P Mehbooba Mufti Jammu and Kashmir Anantnag PDPAftermathReactions National nbsp Rahul Gandhi speaks at a press conference after the announcement of results as seen from The Ridge ShimlaIndian National Congress party leaders such as Rahul Gandhi and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party 181 Other opposition parties and political leaders such as Sharad Pawar 182 Mamata Banerjee and Omar Abdullah 183 congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory On 20 November 2019 the Association for Democratic Reforms filed a petition with the Supreme Court of India over alleged ballot counting discrepancies in the Lok Sabha voting and seeking a probe by the ECI 184 International The leaders of Afghanistan Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burundi Canada China Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia France Georgia Germany Ghana Iceland Indonesia Iran Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lesotho Lichtenstein Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Maldives Malta Mexico Mongolia Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Nicaragua North Korea Nigeria New Zealand Oman Pakistan Palestine Portugal Qatar Russia Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Singapore South Africa South Korea Sri Lanka St Vincent and the Grenadines Switzerland Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Zambia and Zimbabwe congratulated Narendra Modi and the BJP on their victory 185 Government formation This section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election Government formation edit 23 May 2019 PM Narendra Modi wins a second term with an overwhelming majority 30 May 2019 PM Narendra Modi is sworn in as Prime Minister of India with 24 Cabinet Ministers 9 MoS Independent Charge and 24 MoS 186 Swearing in ceremony This section is an excerpt from Second swearing in ceremony of Narendra Modi lead section edit Narendra Modi parliamentary leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party started his tenure after his swearing in as the 16th Prime Minister of India on 30 May 2019 Several other ministers were also sworn in along with Modi The ceremony was noted by media for being the first ever swearing in of an Indian Prime Minister to have been attended by the heads of all BIMSTEC countries Impact The benchmark BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices hit intraday record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened after the exit polls and on the day the election results were announced 187 TimelineThis section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election Electoral events edit Electoral timelines are as below 188 March 2019 10 March 2019 The Election Commission of India announced election scheduled to the 17th Lok Sabha 188 The Model Code of Conduct comes into force 189 18 March 2019 Issue of notification for the 1st poll day 188 19 March 2019 Issue of notification for the 2nd poll day 188 25 March 2019 Last date for filing nominations for the 1st poll day 188 26 March 2019 Last date for filing nominations for the 2nd poll day 188 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 1st poll day 188 27 March 2019 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 2nd poll day 188 28 March 2019 Issue of notification for the 3rd poll day 188 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 1st poll day 188 29 March 2019 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 2nd poll day 188 April 2019 2 April 2019 Issue of notification for the 4th poll day 188 3 April 2019 Indian National Congress released their manifesto titled Congress Will Deliver 190 4 April 2019 Last date for filing nominations for the 3rd poll day 188 5 April 2019 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 3rd poll day 188 8 April 2019 Bharatiya Janata Party released its manifesto titled Sankalpit Bharat Sashakt Bharat 191 192 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 3rd poll day 188 9 April 2019 Last date for filing nominations for the 4th poll day 188 10 April 2019 Issue of notification for the 5th poll day 188 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 4th poll day 188 11 April 2019 Polling held at 91 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 20 states for the first poll day 188 12 April 2019 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 4th poll day 188 16 April 2019 Issue of notification for the 6th poll day 188 18 April 2019 Polling held at 95 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 13 states for the second poll day 188 Vellore constituency election cancelled due to illegal cash deposit from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate citation needed Last date for filing nominations for the 5th poll day 188 20 April 2019 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 5th poll day 188 22 April 2019 Issue of notification for the 7th poll day 188 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 5th poll day 188 23 April 2019 Polling held at 117 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 14 states for the third poll day 188 Last date for filing nominations for the 6th poll day 188 24 April 2019 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 6th poll day 188 26 April 2019 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 6th poll day 188 29 April 2019 Polling held at 71 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 9 states for the fourth poll day 188 Last date for filing nominations for the 7th poll day 188 30 April 2019 Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 7th poll day 188 May 2019 2 May 2019 Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 7th poll day 188 6 May 2019 Polling held for 51 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states for the fifth polling day 188 12 May 2019 Polling held for 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states the sixth polling day 188 19 May 2019 Polling held at 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 8 states the seventh polling day 188 23 May 2019 Counting of votes and declaration of results for all polling days 188 See alsoList of members of the 17th Lok Sabha 2019 Indian Rajya Sabha elections 2019 elections in India Politics of IndiaNotes The election for the Vellore constituency was delayed and took place on 5 August 2019 Two seats were reserved for Anglo Indians and filled through Presidential nomination In 9 states and union territories of India such as Arunachal Pradesh Kerala and Uttarakhand more women turned out to vote than men in 2019 7 a b The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years with a few exceptions The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies and sub classifies unemployment into categories such as usual status unemployment and current status unemployment based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars 47 48 49 The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist Surjit Bhalla 48 According to Bhalla the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd because the sample survey based report finds that India s overall population has declined since 2011 12 by 1 2 per cent contrary to the Census data which states a 6 7 per cent increase The report finds that India s percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012 which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends states Bhalla 48 According to NSSO s report s data the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere and at any time in human history which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports states Bhalla 48 The NSSO report suggests the inflation adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage earners has fallen during the 5 years of BJP government 48 The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar 50 which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions 48 According to Chandra in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next followed by the Congress party In 2004 and 2014 Congress ranked second 72 Stanley Kochanek in 1987 published about the briefcase politics tradition in Indian politics during the decades when the Congress party dominated Indian national politics 113 Similarly Rajeev Gowda and E Sridharan in 2012 have discussed the history of campaign financing laws in India and the role of black money in Indian elections 114 Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav discuss the rise of briefcase black money donations in India triggered by the 1969 campaign financing bans proposed and enacted by Indira Gandhi and the campaign finance law reforms thereafter through 2017 They call the recent reforms as yielding greater transparency than ever before though limited 115 nbsp nbsp indicate change from the 2014 elections Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies Polling in Vellore was cancelled and later held on 5 August 2019 References EC may announce Lok Sabha election schedule in March first week Sources Times of India The Times of India 18 January 2019 Archived from the original on 5 April 2019 Retrieved 16 February 2019 2019 General Elections Voting to be held in 7 phases from April 11 to May 19 counting on May 23 Scroll in Archived from the original on 7 May 2019 Retrieved 10 March 2019 Lok Sabha Election 2019 Dates Schedule LIVE Assembly Elections Dates For Andhra Pradesh Odisha Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh 2019 Election Date Time for Polling Counting and Results timesnownews com Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 10 March 2019 Lok Sabha elections will begin on April 11 and polling will be held over seven phases through May 19 followed by counting of votes on May 23 Lok Sabha Election 2019 Key Dates Live News Updates Election Calendar english manoramaonline com Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 13 March 2019 At 67 1 2019 turnout s a record Election Commission Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India 20 May 2019 Polls Are Closed in India s Election What Happens Next Archived 19 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Douglas Schorzman and Kai Schultz 19 May 2019 Women turn out in greater numbers than in previous elections Archived 21 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Economic Times Aanchal Bansal 20 May 2019 India Election Results Modi and the B J P Make History The New York Times 23 May 2019 Archived from the original on 23 May 2019 Retrieved 23 May 2019 Modi thanks India for historic mandate 23 May 2019 Archived from the original on 28 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Performance of National Parties eci gov in 23 May 2019 Ramani Srinivasan 23 May 2019 Analysis Highest ever national vote share for the BJP The Hindu Retrieved 22 December 2019 via www thehindu com 61 Crore Indians Voted In 2019 Lok Sabha Elections 66 Estimated Voter Turnout HuffPost India 20 May 2019 Retrieved 22 December 2019 Narendra Modi government will not have Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha again India Today Archived from the original on 3 July 2019 Retrieved 17 January 2023 Final numbers are in 300 paar for PM Modi Congress stuck at 52 India Today Archived from the original on 27 May 2019 Retrieved 22 January 2023 Assembly polls in 4 states with Lok Sabha elections but not in J amp K Malayala Manorama english manoramaonline com Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Lok Sabha elections 2019 Congress MP favours more seats for RJD in Bihar 4 September 2018 Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 29 September 2018 AIADMK Proves it Mettle in Tamil Nadu Maintains Hold on Govt After Winning 9 Bypoll Seats 23 May 2019 Archived from the original on 8 July 2019 Retrieved 19 June 2019 Electoral system Archived 6 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine IPU Lok Sabha Election 2019 Phase 3 voting How to vote without voter ID card Archived 24 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Today 23 April 2019 General Voters Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation Archived from the original on 4 January 2019 Retrieved 4 January 2019 Singh Vijaita 1 September 2018 General election will be held in 2019 as per schedule says Rajnath Singh The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 24 July 2020 Retrieved 4 January 2019 Lok Sabha Elections dates announced Polls to be held from April 11 in 7 phases counting on May 23 The Economic Times 11 March 2019 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Announcement of Schedule for General Elections to Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies in Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Odisha amp Sikkim 2019 Election Commission of India Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 28 March 2019 Ahmad Mudasir 11 March 2019 Kashmir Why Polls in Anantnag Lok Sabha Seat Will Be Held in Three Phases The Wire Archived from the original on 5 April 2019 Retrieved 4 April 2019 Election cancelled in Vellore Lok Sabha seat after money seized from DMK leaders The News Minute 16 April 2019 Archived from the original on 16 April 2019 Retrieved 17 April 2019 Lok Sabha polls in Vellore cancelled due to use of money power The Economic Times 16 April 2019 Archived from the original on 6 June 2019 Retrieved 17 April 2019 Ali Syed Sajjad 23 May 2019 Three tier security at 17 counting centres in Tripura The Hindu Archived from the original on 24 July 2020 Retrieved 28 May 2019 Polling in Tripura East deferred to April 23 The Hindu 16 April 2019 ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 24 July 2020 Retrieved 27 May 2019 Mamata s Opposition rally top quotes One ambition save India save democracy The Indian Express 19 January 2019 Archived from the original on 2 April 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 T Ramavarman 27 January 2019 Opposition united only for corruption undermining institutions alleges PM Modi Times of India Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 3 April 2019 Election Commission endorsing Modi violations Congress Archived 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph 28 April 2019 In its attack on Modi government the Opposition has failed to distinguish between political executive and independent institutions Archived 6 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Indian Express 30 April 2019 a b c SWOT analysis shows NDA well ahead of UPA Archived 3 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India SA Aiyar 14 April 2019 Narendra Modi s Challenge In India s Upcoming Elections Archived 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Forbes Harry Broadman 29 March 2019 India to be global growth leader in 2019 20 IMF Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine India Today 22 January 2019 At 7 5 7 7 India to be top growing economy in 2020 IMF Archived 5 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Hindu 21 January 2019 India Report Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine International Monetary Fund 2019 131 accountants from India just responded to the open letter from economists and social scientists challenging official GDP data Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Insider D Dhillon 18 March 2019 Mayawati again blasts both BJP Congress Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard IANS 8 April 2019 Congress put India in fragile five we put it in fastest gear even in challenging environments Arun Jaitley Archived 6 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Economic Times Deepshikha Sikarwar and Vinay Pandey 4 April 2019 Demonetisation was done in national interest PM Narendra Modi Archived 6 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Live Mint Shashi Shekhar 6 April 2019 Corruption free government is possible Prime Minister Narendra Modi Archived 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The New Indian Express GS Vasu HK Singh and M Anand 16 April 2019 Nyay will be game changer lead to creation of jobs Ashok Gehlot Interview Archived 8 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India Subodh Ghildiyal 15 April 2019 Kumar Nikhil 14 March 2019 Unemployment a key issue as India s Narendra Modi seeks re election CNN Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 3 April 2019 Indian Elections Nearing Amid Frustration with Politics Concerns about Misinformation Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Pew Research Center Washington DC 25 March 2019 a b A Sampling of Public Opinion in India Optimism persists but concerns about terrorism and Pakistan loom large Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine 2019 polls Kat Devlin Survey Results Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Kat Devlin and Courtney Johnson Pew Research Center Washington DC 25 March 2019 India s unemployment rate hit four decade high of 6 1 in 2017 18 says NSSO survey businesstoday in 31 January 2019 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Indira Hirway 2002 Employment and Unemployment Situation in 1990s How Good Are NSS Data Economic and Political Weekly 37 21 2027 2036 a b c d e f A Statistical Embarrassment Archived 16 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Surjit Bhalla The Indian Express 13 April 2019 Yoshifumi Usami Vikas Rawal 2012 Some Aspects of the Implementation of India s Employment Guarantee Review of Agrarian Studies 2 2 74 93 Unemployment in India The real reason behind low employment numbers Archived 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Financial Express Avik Sarkar 28 February 2019 Jobs data not finalised Government after NSSO Report The Economic Times 1 February 2019 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 a b a More joblessness ILO sees India s unemployment rate rising to 3 5 in 2018 Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard Somesh Jha 24 January 2019 b Full Report World Employment Social Outlook Report International Labour Organization 2019 ISBN 978 92 2 132952 7 pages 108 109 Appendix D and Southern Asia section Modi Government is in Deep Denial Over India s Jobless Growth Crisis The Wire Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Jobs not lacking issue is lack of data on jobs says PM Modi hindustantimes com 2 July 2018 Archived from the original on 28 February 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Modi Claims The Job Crisis Is Actually A Data Crisis HuffPost India 3 July 2018 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2019 Most unemployment surveys are skewed PM Narendra Modi tells House Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard Archis Mohan 8 February 2019 Maharashtra Congress goes on the attack in ads The Indian Express 2 April 2019 Archived from the original on 2 April 2019 Retrieved 2 April 2019 What kind of leadership will lead India is the biggest issue Amit Shah BJP President Archived 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Economic Times 1 April 2019 Rawat Virendra Singh 15 March 2019 2019 Lok Sabha Election BJP hopes to reap poll gains from PM Kisan in UP Business Standard India Archived from the original on 28 March 2019 Retrieved 9 April 2019 via Business Standard a b Unconditional loan waiver on demand list of farmer outfits Archived 16 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India TNN 15 March 2019 a b Explained Why farmers are angry in India s fastest growing farm economy Archived 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard B Tripathi 30 November 2018 India Country Report Archived 11 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018 a b c Honesty over dynasty Vikas over vote bank politics PM Modi presents govt s report card slams Congress Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine India Today 20 March 2019 PM Modi slams Congress says India s institutions biggest casualty of dynastic politics Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Today 20 March 2019 India s institutions biggest casualty of dynasty politics PM attacks Congress Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Asian Age 20 March 2019 Rahul Priyanka turned Mahatma Gandhi s fear of dynasty politics into reality Adityanath Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard ANI 8 April 2019 India developed because of dynasty politics Kumaraswamy counters BJP Archived 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Hindustan Times 18 April 2019 BJP raking up dynasty politics to divert attention from real issues Congress Archived 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India 24 March 2019 a b c Sanghera Tisha 2019 BJP Is No Less Dynastic Than Congress Lok Sabha Data Indicates No 29 March BloombergQuint BloombergQuint Archived from the original on 26 April 2019 Retrieved 26 April 2019 Data shows UP India s largest state elected most dynasts majority in BJP Archived 27 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Tish Sanghera IndiaSpend Business Standard 7 April 2019 Kanchan Chandra 2016 Democratic Dynasties State Party and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics Cambridge University Press pp 15 18 ISBN 978 1 316 59212 0 Archived from the original on 18 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2019 a b Anjali Bohlken 2016 Kanchan Chandra ed Democratic Dynasties State Party and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics Cambridge University Press pp 240 247 44 114 115 Adam Ziegfeld Chapter ISBN 978 1 316 59212 0 Archived from the original on 18 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2019 They say chowkidar chor hai but look where money is found PM Modi jabs Congress over IT raids 9 April 2019 Archived from the original on 9 April 2019 Retrieved 9 April 2019 After I T raids on properties linked to Kamal Nath aides Narendra Modi turns corruption into chief poll plank Firstpost 9 April 2019 Archived from the original on 30 April 2019 Retrieved 9 April 2019 a b c Facebook Removes Hundreds of Fake Accounts Ahead of India Elections Archived 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Newley Purnell The Wall Street Journal 1 April 2019 a b c As India Votes False Posts and Hate Speech Flummox Facebook Archived 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times 1 April 2019 BJP tops political advertisement spend on Facebook Google in Feb May The Hindu PTI 19 May 2019 ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 26 June 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2019 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint others link BJP Congress share more junk news on WhatsApp than BSP SP says Oxford study The Indian Express 14 May 2019 Archived from the original on 14 May 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2019 a b Vidya Narayanan Bence Kollanyi et al 13 May 2019 News and Information over Facebook and WhatsApp during the Indian Election Campaign The Computational Propaganda Project Archived from the original on 1 June 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2019 Full paper Link Archived 23 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine Fake news shared over two million times on social media during Lok Sabha polls The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 23 October 2019 Retrieved 23 October 2019 In an unprecedented action EC curtails West Bengal campaigning after Kolkata violence The Economic Times 15 May 2019 Archived from the original on 18 January 2021 Retrieved 22 December 2019 Country has to decide what kind of pradhan sevak it wants PM Modi Times of India The Times of India 12 January 2019 Archived from the original on 13 January 2019 Retrieved 12 January 2019 Rahul to launch campaign from village where Indira Rajiv Sonia started Archived 4 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Economic Times IANS 14 February 2019 AAP starts Delhi poll drive with multiple rallies Archived 28 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Standard 24 March 2019 Inside story of why AAP Congress talks failed Hear it from Arvind Kejriwal Archived 28 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine India Today 27 April 2019 PM Modi Mamata to launch poll campaign in West Bengal Wednesday Archived 9 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India 2 April 2019 SP BSP Gathbandhan How effective is the alliance The Economic Times 12 April 2019 archived from the original on 18 April 2023 retrieved 27 April 2019 At first Mahagathbandhan rally Mayawati says BJP will lose due to policy inspired by hatred DNA India 7 April 2019 Archived from the original on 8 April 2019 Retrieved 27 April 2019 Vote for change beware of Congress Mayawati Akhilesh Deccan Herald 7 April 2019 Archived from the original on 27 April 2019 Retrieved 27 April 2019 a b Congress releases manifesto for 2019 Lok Sabha elections promises wealth and welfare The Economic Times 3 April 2019 Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 4 April 2019 Congress Manifesto 2019 We Will Deliver Indian National Congress Archived from the original on 3 April 2019 Retrieved 4 April 2019 Congress Will Deliver Archived 3 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Manifesto Lok Sabha Elections 2019 Indian National Congress a b c d BJP Manifesto 2019 How it differs from Congress manifesto Archived 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine India Today Nishtha Gupta 8 April 2019 PM Modi Amit Shah Launch BJP Manifesto Sankalp Patra NDTV com 8 April 2019 Archived from the original on 8 April 2019 Retrieved 8 April 2019 a b BJP Manifesto 2019 Archived from the original on 7 June 2022 Retrieved 12 June 2022 a, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.