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Armistice Day centenary

January 20, 2023

This article is about the events marking the 100th anniversary of the WWI Armistice. For the recurrent memorial day, see Armistice Day.

The Armistice Day centenary, signifying one hundred years since the Armistice that ended World War I on the Western Front, was marked on 11 November 2018. Commemorative events were organised in the weeks leading up to the centenary itself, including a gathering of over 70 heads of state and government in Paris. A series of Armistice Day, Remembrance Day and Veterans Day commemorations, ceremonies and speeches were held across Europe, the Commonwealth and the United States, as well as in other locations throughout the world.

Armistice Day centenary
Part of the First World War centenary
Top to bottom, left to right:
  1. World leaders and other representatives under the Arc de Triomphe
  2. Elizabeth II and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge during the National Service of Remembrance
  3. Descendants of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Gavrilo Princip shaking hands in Graz
  4. Visitors at the Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Cenotaph in Winnipeg
  5. Flowers being laid at a memorial in Flanders
Date11 November 2018
LocationWorldwide
ParticipantsGovernment of France, United Kingdom & Commonwealth of Nations, national leaders & politicians, international organisation representatives, relatives of World War I veterans and other institutions

Background

Main article: Armistice of 11 November 1918

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed near the French town of Compiègne between the Allies (led by Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch) and Germany (represented by Matthias Erzberger), after similar agreements had been made with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. The agreements made by both sides included the cessation of all hostilities on the Western Front. It was officially signed at 5:45 am on 11 November and came into effect later that morning at 11 am Paris time.[1] Following the end of the war, 11 November is commemorated as a day of remembrance in multiple countries under different names (Armistice Day, Remembrance Day in Commonwealth countries and Veterans Day in the United States).

France

Timeline

Official French commemorations began on 4 November 2018, when President Emmanuel Macron and his spouse Brigitte Macron hosted German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the Strasbourg Cathedral. A concert was held in their presence, and the flags of France, Germany and the European Union were hoisted outside the cathedral.[2]

In the lead up to the centenary itself, President Macron carried out a "memorial tour", visiting symbolic locations on the Western Front. The tour was met with backlash, particularly "drawing the scorn of ordinary French voters over his perceived metropolitan disregard for their pocketbook concerns."[3] Macron also announced that writer Maurice Genevoix, author of numerous books on the First World War, would be listed on the Panthéon in 2019, alongside 14 other authors.[4] He outlined plans to host a commemoration ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe followed by an inaugural peace forum at the Grande halle de la Villette on the occasion of the centenary.[5]

In overseas France, which contributed to the wider French war effort, the number of Réunionese troops killed in action was readjusted to 1,693, leading to the island issuing a renewal of the plaques on its war memorials on the eve of the commemoration of the centenary.[6]

10 November

 
Commemorative plaque at Compiègne.

Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited the Glade of the Armistice at Compiègne, where they laid a wreath, unveiled a reconciliatory plaque and signed a book of remembrance in a replica of the railway carriage where the Armistice was signed.[7] The visit was symbolic as it marked the first time that French and German leaders had visited the site since 1945.[8] Macron also met with US President Donald Trump bilaterally at the Élysée Palace, a day after Trump posted a tweet saying Europe should "first pay its fair share" of NATO in response to the former's suggestions for a continental European army.[9]

11 November

At 11:00 CET, bells across France rang simultaneously marking a century since the armistice came into force, including at the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral as well as other churches in overseas territories such as Wallis and Futuna.[10][11]

After all dignitaries were assembled at the Arc de Triomphe, the ceremony began at roughly 11:20, with a performance of the national anthem La Marseillaise and an inspection of troops by President Macron,[12] followed by a roll call of French soldiers killed in the preceding year and a second rendition of La Marseillaise by an army choir.[13] The event included performances by cellist Yo-Yo Ma, French violinist Renaud Capuçon and Beninese musician Angélique Kidjo, and 1918 testimonies being read out by a group of teenage students.[a][16]

Macron delivered a speech in which he denounced nationalism as a "betrayal of patriotism", and warned of the resurgence of "old demons".[17][18] His address was followed by a performance of Ravel's Bolero by the European Union Youth Orchestra, after which he paid tribute at the Tomb to the Unknown Soldier.[19] A one-minute silence, preceded by the Sonnerie aux morts and ending with the Cessez-le-feu bugle call, concluded the ceremony.[20]

The first Paris Peace Forum was inaugurated in the afternoon, with Macron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres giving opening remarks. US President Donald Trump notably did not attend, instead choosing to visit the Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial, where he made an address before returning to Washington.[21][12]

A concert was held in La Force in the Dordogne department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Violinist Pierre Hamel from the Orchestre Colonne performed at the concert alongside a pianist and a cellist, using a metal violin assembled by soldiers in the trenches.[22]

The European Broadcasting Union organised a concert at the Royal Opera of Versailles with performances by the Vienna Philharmonic, entitled the "Concert for Peace."[23]

Attendees

 
Countries from which at least one representative attended the Arc de Triomphe ceremony

Over 120 foreign dignitaries, including 72 heads of state and government and representatives of several international organisations, attended the commemorations in Paris.[24][25] In preparation for the events, around 10,000 police officers, gendarmes and soldiers were placed on duty.[25] Macron hosted an official reception dinner for the dignitaries at the Musée d'Orsay on the evening of 10 November,[26] and received them at the Élysée Palace prior to the ceremony.

While most guests were transported in groups of buses, President Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin used their own presidential vehicles, and both showed up late at the venue; Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also arrived later separately.[27][28] All foreign guests were invited to a luncheon at the Élysée following the ceremony, with their consorts gathering at the Palace of Versailles.[27][29]

France
Foreign dignitaries[32][33]
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
International organisations

Controversy & incidents

In October 2018, reports circulated in the French press that Philippe Pétain, who served in the Battle of Verdun and later led Nazi-aligned Vichy France, would be paid tribute at the Hôtel des Invalides alongside other World War I marshals. In response, the office of the Élysée said it didn't understand how such a tribute "ended up there", explaining that it was "not in the [official] program".[51] President Macron in particular described Pétain as a "great soldier", while remarking that he made "disastrous choices" during the Nazi occupation.[3] The resulting public controversy led to the tribute to Pétain being withdrawn from the schedule.

A planned visit by US President Donald Trump to the Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial on 10 November was cancelled; the White House said the decision was taken due to "bad weather".[52] The cancellation was met with harsh criticism, particularly from former Obama national security adviser Ben Rhodes and British Conservative MP Nicholas Soames, a grandson of Winston Churchill.[53]

During the procession to the Arc de Triomphe, President Trump's motorcade passed by a topless woman who ran towards it and was quickly dragged out by French police. The radical feminist group Femen claimed responsibility for the incident.[54] French police had already arrested three Femen demonstrators who staged a protest at the Arc de Triomphe on the morning of 10 November welcoming "war criminals".[b][56][57] In addition, anti-Trump demonstrations were held at the Place de la République.[58]

United Kingdom

 
The National Service of Remembrance for Wales taking place at the Welsh National War Memorial

Timeline

On 4 November, 10,000 torches were lit in the moat of the Tower of London, in an artistic installation entitled Beyond the Deepening Shadow which repeated nightly ending on 11 November.[59]

The Shrouds of the Somme, designed by artist Rob Heard and comprising 72,396 shrouded figures representing all servicemen from the British Commonwealth with no known grave, was laid out at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, being on display from 8 to 18 November 2018.[60]

On 9 November, Prime Minister Theresa May visited the Thiepval Memorial in northern France and paid respects along with French President Emmanuel Macron. She also visited the St Symphorien Military Cemetery in Belgium, and laid wreaths at the graves of the first and last British soldiers killed in the Great War, respectively John Parr and George Edwin Ellison; her wreaths were attached with handwritten messages in which she thanked those who died for being "staunch to the end", using lines from wartime poems.[61]

Remembrance Sunday

As Remembrance Sunday in 2018 fell on 11 November, the National Service of Remembrance was held concurrently with other commemorative events in Europe.

The service at The Cenotaph in London began at 11:00 GMT, with a two-minute silence being observed in the presence of British political figures and members of the royal family, prime minister Theresa May and German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier.[62] Prince Charles then laid the first wreath on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II.[63]

In a reconciliatory act, President Steinmeier became the first German leader to lay a wreath at The Cenotaph.[17] The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport described his presence as "a symbol of the friendship that exists between the two countries today".[63] Thousands marched past the war memorial and were able to lay their own wreaths, paying respect to relatives and soldiers who died in the war.[64] Despite ongoing renovations, the Big Ben rang eleven times at 12:30 GMT.[65][66] Steinmeier later attended a Westminster Abbey memorial service with Elizabeth II, and read out a passage from 1 St John 4: 7–11 in German.[17] The Queen and several senior royal family members also attended a remembrance concert.[67]

Similar commemorative events were held across the United Kingdom; in Scotland, Princess Anne attended a commemoration service at Glasgow Cathedral, while First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and other officials laid wreaths.[68]

Other locations

Commemorative events took place in Canada, Hong Kong, Italy, Myanmar, and Russia on the occasion of the centenary.[69][70][17]

Ceremonies in Kenya and Zambia were scheduled for 25 November 2018; German forces fighting in Northern Rhodesia only received news of the armistice on 14 November 1918, and eventually surrendered later that month.[71][72] In Voi, the Commonwealth War Cemetery hosted a small ceremony, which was attended by British and German diplomats; a Kenyan army bugler played the Last Post during the ceremony, and wreaths were laid by a Kenyan general and some local and international visitors.[73] The Zambian government sponsored a centenary event organised by the Zambian tourism agency in the town of Mbala, arguing that attraction to the region would unlock the "tourism and investment potential of Northern Province".[72][74]

Australia

 
Part of the crowd outside the Australian War Memorial prior to the 2018 Remembrance Day ceremony

A minute of silence was observed nationally in remembrance of Australian soldiers who fought and died in overseas conflicts. Prime Minister Scott Morrison addressed a crowd of more than 12,000 attending during a national Remembrance Day service in Canberra. A centenary extension of the Anzac Memorial in Sydney was also opened to the public.[75][76]

In addition, over a thousand people attended a commemoration at the Australian National Memorial in the French town of Villers-Bretonneux.[75]

Belgium

National commemorations were held in the Belgian capital of Brussels. In an address, King Philippe pledged with people to keep alive the memory of the war, and to "engage together in building a world of peace."[77] A dove and 11 pigeons were released during the memorial service.[77]

In Ypres, a series of tributes to Commonwealth veterans was attended by the Minister-President of Flanders, Geert Bourgeois.[78] The Last Post, traditionally performed in the evening since 1928, was additionally played at 11:00 CET for the occasion of the centenary.[78]

In Mons, celebrations were held marking the anniversary of Canadian troops taking over the city from the Germans, in the final leg of Canada's Hundred Days.[79][80] The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada led a recreated Armistice parade through the city.[81]

Hungary

The Hungarian National Bank released a series of commemorative coins on 16 October 2018, which included a silver collector coin with a face value of 10,000 Hungarian forint and a non-ferrous metal variant with a fifth of the face value.[82]

India

A memorial service was held at the Delhi War Cemetery, where Indian and British delegates laid wreaths. Conservative MP Tom Tugendhat led the British delegation and was joined by Sir Dominic Asquith, British High Commissioner to India, and defence attaché Brigadier Mark Goldsack.[83]

In a series of tweets, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Indian troops and pledged to "further an atmosphere of harmony and brotherhood".[84][85]

Luxembourg

A ceremony was held at the Gëlle Fra monument in the capital during the late afternoon, in the presence of Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg as well as Prime Minister Xavier Bettel. Bettel also paid tribute to war casualties.[86]

New Zealand

The Pukeahu National War Memorial Park in Wellington hosted an Armistice commemoration service, which was organised as part of the wider New Zealand WW100 commemorations. A 100-gun salute was held at the Wellington waterfront, and two minutes of silence were observed at 11:00 NZDT, followed by a cacophony of noise replicating how the public initially reacted to the news of the Armistice a century prior. Governor-General Dame Patsy Reddy and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern gave speeches at the event.[87][88][89]

United States

The National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri hosted a ceremony in which participants and relatives of WWI veterans tolled a "bell of peace" and laid wreaths in memory of those killed in the war.[90] The Washington National Cathedral organized a commemorative worship service.[91]

President Donald Trump proposed that a military parade at the Capitol be held on 10 November to mark the centenary, in admiration of France's Bastille Day military parade (which Trump attended as a guest in 2017). However, Trump cancelled the proposed event in August 2018 over cost concerns, with estimates that the parade would have cost as much as US$92 million.[92][93][94]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Ma played the sarabande from Bach's Suite No. 5 in C minor, and later performed the second movement of Ravel's Sonata for Violin and Cello with Capuçon.[14] Kidjo sang the Ewe song Blewu, in homage to colonial troops.[15][16]
  2. ^ The group specifically listed Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump, Benjamin Netanyahu and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as examples.[55]

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  93. ^ "No Military Parade For Trump In D.C. This Year; Pentagon Looking At Dates In 2019". NPR.org. from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  94. ^ Juliet Eilperin, Josh Dawsey and Dan Lamothe (1 July 2019). "Trump asks for tanks, Marine One and much more for grandiose July Fourth event". The Washington Post. from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019. Trump has been fixated since early in his term on putting on a military-heavy parade or other celebration modeled on France's Bastille Day celebration, which he attended in Paris in 2017.

Works cited

  • Strachan, H. (2001). The First World War: To Arms. Vol. I. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.

Further reading

  • S. Sumartojo, Experiencing 11 November 2018 – Commemoration and the First World War Centenary, Routledge, 2020. ISBN 1-350-15531-4.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to the Armistice Day ceremony in Paris.
  • AP Was There: Armistice brings World War I to an end
  • Cérémonie internationale du Centenaire de l’Armistice du 11 novembre 1918 à l’Arc de triomphe – full video on the Élysée Dailymotion channel

January 20, 2023
armistice, centenary, this, article, about, events, marking, 100th, anniversary, armistice, recurrent, memorial, armistice, signifying, hundred, years, since, armistice, that, ended, world, western, front, marked, november, 2018, commemorative, events, were, o. This article is about the events marking the 100th anniversary of the WWI Armistice For the recurrent memorial day see Armistice Day The Armistice Day centenary signifying one hundred years since the Armistice that ended World War I on the Western Front was marked on 11 November 2018 Commemorative events were organised in the weeks leading up to the centenary itself including a gathering of over 70 heads of state and government in Paris A series of Armistice Day Remembrance Day and Veterans Day commemorations ceremonies and speeches were held across Europe the Commonwealth and the United States as well as in other locations throughout the world Armistice Day centenaryPart of the First World War centenaryTop to bottom left to right World leaders and other representatives under the Arc de Triomphe Elizabeth II and Catherine Duchess of Cambridge during the National Service of Remembrance Descendants of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Gavrilo Princip shaking hands in Graz Visitors at the Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Cenotaph in Winnipeg Flowers being laid at a memorial in FlandersDate11 November 2018LocationWorldwideParticipantsGovernment of France United Kingdom amp Commonwealth of Nations national leaders amp politicians international organisation representatives relatives of World War I veterans and other institutions Contents 1 Background 2 France 2 1 Timeline 2 1 1 10 November 2 1 2 11 November 2 2 Attendees 2 3 Controversy amp incidents 3 United Kingdom 3 1 Timeline 3 1 1 Remembrance Sunday 4 Other locations 4 1 Australia 4 2 Belgium 4 3 Hungary 4 4 India 4 5 Luxembourg 4 6 New Zealand 4 7 United States 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Works cited 8 Further reading 9 External linksBackground EditMain article Armistice of 11 November 1918 The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed near the French town of Compiegne between the Allies led by Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch and Germany represented by Matthias Erzberger after similar agreements had been made with Bulgaria the Ottoman Empire and Austria Hungary The agreements made by both sides included the cessation of all hostilities on the Western Front It was officially signed at 5 45 am on 11 November and came into effect later that morning at 11 am Paris time 1 Following the end of the war 11 November is commemorated as a day of remembrance in multiple countries under different names Armistice Day Remembrance Day in Commonwealth countries and Veterans Day in the United States France EditTimeline Edit Official French commemorations began on 4 November 2018 when President Emmanuel Macron and his spouse Brigitte Macron hosted German President Frank Walter Steinmeier at the Strasbourg Cathedral A concert was held in their presence and the flags of France Germany and the European Union were hoisted outside the cathedral 2 In the lead up to the centenary itself President Macron carried out a memorial tour visiting symbolic locations on the Western Front The tour was met with backlash particularly drawing the scorn of ordinary French voters over his perceived metropolitan disregard for their pocketbook concerns 3 Macron also announced that writer Maurice Genevoix author of numerous books on the First World War would be listed on the Pantheon in 2019 alongside 14 other authors 4 He outlined plans to host a commemoration ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe followed by an inaugural peace forum at the Grande halle de la Villette on the occasion of the centenary 5 In overseas France which contributed to the wider French war effort the number of Reunionese troops killed in action was readjusted to 1 693 leading to the island issuing a renewal of the plaques on its war memorials on the eve of the commemoration of the centenary 6 10 November Edit Commemorative plaque at Compiegne Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited the Glade of the Armistice at Compiegne where they laid a wreath unveiled a reconciliatory plaque and signed a book of remembrance in a replica of the railway carriage where the Armistice was signed 7 The visit was symbolic as it marked the first time that French and German leaders had visited the site since 1945 8 Macron also met with US President Donald Trump bilaterally at the Elysee Palace a day after Trump posted a tweet saying Europe should first pay its fair share of NATO in response to the former s suggestions for a continental European army 9 11 November Edit At 11 00 CET bells across France rang simultaneously marking a century since the armistice came into force including at the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral as well as other churches in overseas territories such as Wallis and Futuna 10 11 After all dignitaries were assembled at the Arc de Triomphe the ceremony began at roughly 11 20 with a performance of the national anthem La Marseillaise and an inspection of troops by President Macron 12 followed by a roll call of French soldiers killed in the preceding year and a second rendition of La Marseillaise by an army choir 13 The event included performances by cellist Yo Yo Ma French violinist Renaud Capucon and Beninese musician Angelique Kidjo and 1918 testimonies being read out by a group of teenage students a 16 Macron delivered a speech in which he denounced nationalism as a betrayal of patriotism and warned of the resurgence of old demons 17 18 His address was followed by a performance of Ravel s Bolero by the European Union Youth Orchestra after which he paid tribute at the Tomb to the Unknown Soldier 19 A one minute silence preceded by the Sonnerie aux morts and ending with the Cessez le feu bugle call concluded the ceremony 20 The first Paris Peace Forum was inaugurated in the afternoon with Macron German Chancellor Angela Merkel and United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres giving opening remarks US President Donald Trump notably did not attend instead choosing to visit the Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial where he made an address before returning to Washington 21 12 A concert was held in La Force in the Dordogne department of Nouvelle Aquitaine Violinist Pierre Hamel from the Orchestre Colonne performed at the concert alongside a pianist and a cellist using a metal violin assembled by soldiers in the trenches 22 The European Broadcasting Union organised a concert at the Royal Opera of Versailles with performances by the Vienna Philharmonic entitled the Concert for Peace 23 Attendees Edit Countries from which at least one representative attended the Arc de Triomphe ceremony Over 120 foreign dignitaries including 72 heads of state and government and representatives of several international organisations attended the commemorations in Paris 24 25 In preparation for the events around 10 000 police officers gendarmes and soldiers were placed on duty 25 Macron hosted an official reception dinner for the dignitaries at the Musee d Orsay on the evening of 10 November 26 and received them at the Elysee Palace prior to the ceremony While most guests were transported in groups of buses President Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin used their own presidential vehicles and both showed up late at the venue Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also arrived later separately 27 28 All foreign guests were invited to a luncheon at the Elysee following the ceremony with their consorts gathering at the Palace of Versailles 27 29 France Edouard Philippe Prime Minister of France Edith Cresson former Prime Minister 1991 1992 30 29 Edouard Balladur former Prime Minister 1993 1995 30 29 Jean Marc Ayrault former Prime Minister 2012 2014 30 29 Christophe Castaner Minister of the Interior 31 29 Genevieve Darrieussecq Secretary of State to the Minister of the Armed Forces 30 29 Richard Ferrand President of the National Assembly Anne Hidalgo Mayor of Paris 29 Gerard Larcher President of the French Senate 29 Brigitte Macron spouse of President Emmanuel Macron Florence Parly Minister of the Armed Forces 31 29 Valerie Pecresse President of the Regional Council of Ile de France 29 Nicolas Sarkozy former President of France 29 Jacques Toubon French ombudsman 29 Foreign dignitaries 32 33 Africa Ahmed Ouyahia Prime Minister of Algeria Aurelien Agbenonci Minister of Foreign Affairs of Benin 34 Roch Marc Christian Kabore President of Burkina Faso Faustin Archange Touadera President of the Central African Republic Idriss Deby President of Chad and First Lady Hinda Deby Itno Azali Assoumani President of Comoros Denis Sassou Nguesso President of the Republic of the Congo Alassane Ouattara President of Cote d Ivoire Ismail Omar Guelleh President of Djibouti Alpha Conde President of Guinea Uhuru Kenyatta President of Kenya George Weah President of Liberia Fayez al Sarraj Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya and Nadia Refaat 35 Rivo Rakotovao acting President of Madagascar Ibrahim Boubacar Keita President of Mali Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz President of Mauritania King Mohammed VI of Morocco Crown Prince Moulay el Hassan of Morocco Mahamadou Issoufou President of Niger Muhammadu Buhari President of Nigeria Paul Kagame President of Rwanda Macky Sall President of Senegal Nosiviwe Mapisa Nqakula Minister of Defence of South Africa 36 Beji Caid Essebsi President of TunisiaAmericas Paulo Cesar de Oliveira Campos Ambassador of Brazil to France 37 Justin Trudeau Prime Minister of Canada Donald Trump President of the United States and First Lady Melania TrumpAsia Nikol Pashinyan Prime Minister of Armenia Elmar Mammadyarov Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan 38 Chea Sophara Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia Ji Bingxuan Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress of China 39 Giorgi Margvelashvili President of Georgia Venkaiah Naidu Vice President of India and Usha Naidu Benjamin Netanyahu Prime Minister of Israel and Sara Netanyahu Tarō Asō Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Japan Dastan Jumabekov Speaker of the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan 40 Phankham Viphavanh Vice President of Laos Rami Hamdallah Prime Minister of Palestine Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Emir of Qatar 41 Shukurjon Zuhurov ru Chairman of the Assembly of Representatives of Tajikistan 42 Prayut Chan o cha Prime Minister of Thailand Recep Tayyip Erdogan President of Turkey and First Lady Emine Erdogan 43 Nigmatilla Yuldashev Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan 44 Europe Ilir Meta President of Albania Alexander Van der Bellen President of Austria Mikhail Myasnikovich Speaker of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of Belarus 45 Charles Michel Prime Minister of Belgium Bakir Izetbegovic Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Rumen Radev President of Bulgaria Kolinda Grabar Kitarovic President of Croatia Nikos Anastasiadis President of Cyprus Andrej Babis Prime Minister of the Czech Republic and Monika Herodesova 46 Lars Lokke Rasmussen Prime Minister of Denmark Kersti Kaljulaid President of Estonia Sauli Niinisto President of Finland Angela Merkel Chancellor of Germany Alexis Tsipras Prime Minister of Greece Pietro Parolin Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See Gudni Th Johannesson President of Iceland Leo Varadkar Taoiseach of Ireland Sergio Mattarella President of Italy Hashim Thaci President of Kosovo Raimonds Vejonis President of Latvia Dalia Grybauskaite President of Lithuania Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg 41 Xavier Bettel Prime Minister of Luxembourg Gjorge Ivanov President of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Carmelo Abela Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malta 47 Igor Dodon President of Moldova Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene of Monaco 41 Milo Đukanovic President of Montenegro Mark Rutte Prime Minister of the Netherlands Erna Solberg Prime Minister of Norway Jacek Czaputowicz Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland 48 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa President of Portugal Klaus Iohannis President of Romania Vladimir Putin President of Russia Aleksandar Vucic President of Serbia Andrej Kiska President of Slovakia Borut Pahor President of Slovenia King Felipe VI of Spain Pedro Sanchez Prime Minister of Spain Stefan Lofven Prime Minister of Sweden Alain Berset President of the Swiss Confederation Petro Poroshenko President of Ukraine Edward Llewellyn Baron Llewellyn of Steep Ambassador of the United Kingdom to France 49 David Lidington Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister for the Cabinet Office 49 Oceania Sir Peter Cosgrove Governor General of Australia and Lynne Lady Cosgrove Epeli Nailatikau former President of Fiji 50 Winston Peters Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand Tallis Obed Moses President of VanuatuInternational organisations Moussa Faki Chairperson of the African Union Commission Paul Kagame Chairperson of the African Union Thorbjorn Jagland Secretary General of the Council of Europe Jean Claude Juncker President of the European Commission Antonio Tajani President of the European Parliament Michaelle Jean Secretary General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Guy Ryder Director General of the International Labour Organization Christine Lagarde chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund Jens Stoltenberg Secretary General of NATO Jose Angel Gurria Secretary General of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development Audrey Azoulay Director General of UNESCO Paolo Artini Representative to France of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Antonio Guterres Secretary General of the United Nations Maria Fernanda Espinosa President of the United Nations General Assembly Roberto Azevedo Director General of the World Trade Organization Jim Yong Kim President of the World BankControversy amp incidents Edit In October 2018 reports circulated in the French press that Philippe Petain who served in the Battle of Verdun and later led Nazi aligned Vichy France would be paid tribute at the Hotel des Invalides alongside other World War I marshals In response the office of the Elysee said it didn t understand how such a tribute ended up there explaining that it was not in the official program 51 President Macron in particular described Petain as a great soldier while remarking that he made disastrous choices during the Nazi occupation 3 The resulting public controversy led to the tribute to Petain being withdrawn from the schedule A planned visit by US President Donald Trump to the Aisne Marne American Cemetery and Memorial on 10 November was cancelled the White House said the decision was taken due to bad weather 52 The cancellation was met with harsh criticism particularly from former Obama national security adviser Ben Rhodes and British Conservative MP Nicholas Soames a grandson of Winston Churchill 53 During the procession to the Arc de Triomphe President Trump s motorcade passed by a topless woman who ran towards it and was quickly dragged out by French police The radical feminist group Femen claimed responsibility for the incident 54 French police had already arrested three Femen demonstrators who staged a protest at the Arc de Triomphe on the morning of 10 November welcoming war criminals b 56 57 In addition anti Trump demonstrations were held at the Place de la Republique 58 United Kingdom Edit The National Service of Remembrance for Wales taking place at the Welsh National War Memorial Timeline Edit On 4 November 10 000 torches were lit in the moat of the Tower of London in an artistic installation entitled Beyond the Deepening Shadow which repeated nightly ending on 11 November 59 The Shrouds of the Somme designed by artist Rob Heard and comprising 72 396 shrouded figures representing all servicemen from the British Commonwealth with no known grave was laid out at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park being on display from 8 to 18 November 2018 60 On 9 November Prime Minister Theresa May visited the Thiepval Memorial in northern France and paid respects along with French President Emmanuel Macron She also visited the St Symphorien Military Cemetery in Belgium and laid wreaths at the graves of the first and last British soldiers killed in the Great War respectively John Parr and George Edwin Ellison her wreaths were attached with handwritten messages in which she thanked those who died for being staunch to the end using lines from wartime poems 61 Remembrance Sunday Edit As Remembrance Sunday in 2018 fell on 11 November the National Service of Remembrance was held concurrently with other commemorative events in Europe The service at The Cenotaph in London began at 11 00 GMT with a two minute silence being observed in the presence of British political figures and members of the royal family prime minister Theresa May and German President Frank Walter Steinmeier 62 Prince Charles then laid the first wreath on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II 63 In a reconciliatory act President Steinmeier became the first German leader to lay a wreath at The Cenotaph 17 The Department for Digital Culture Media and Sport described his presence as a symbol of the friendship that exists between the two countries today 63 Thousands marched past the war memorial and were able to lay their own wreaths paying respect to relatives and soldiers who died in the war 64 Despite ongoing renovations the Big Ben rang eleven times at 12 30 GMT 65 66 Steinmeier later attended a Westminster Abbey memorial service with Elizabeth II and read out a passage from 1 St John 4 7 11 in German 17 The Queen and several senior royal family members also attended a remembrance concert 67 Similar commemorative events were held across the United Kingdom in Scotland Princess Anne attended a commemoration service at Glasgow Cathedral while First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and other officials laid wreaths 68 Other locations EditCommemorative events took place in Canada Hong Kong Italy Myanmar and Russia on the occasion of the centenary 69 70 17 Ceremonies in Kenya and Zambia were scheduled for 25 November 2018 German forces fighting in Northern Rhodesia only received news of the armistice on 14 November 1918 and eventually surrendered later that month 71 72 In Voi the Commonwealth War Cemetery hosted a small ceremony which was attended by British and German diplomats a Kenyan army bugler played the Last Post during the ceremony and wreaths were laid by a Kenyan general and some local and international visitors 73 The Zambian government sponsored a centenary event organised by the Zambian tourism agency in the town of Mbala arguing that attraction to the region would unlock the tourism and investment potential of Northern Province 72 74 Australia Edit Part of the crowd outside the Australian War Memorial prior to the 2018 Remembrance Day ceremony A minute of silence was observed nationally in remembrance of Australian soldiers who fought and died in overseas conflicts Prime Minister Scott Morrison addressed a crowd of more than 12 000 attending during a national Remembrance Day service in Canberra A centenary extension of the Anzac Memorial in Sydney was also opened to the public 75 76 In addition over a thousand people attended a commemoration at the Australian National Memorial in the French town of Villers Bretonneux 75 Belgium Edit National commemorations were held in the Belgian capital of Brussels In an address King Philippe pledged with people to keep alive the memory of the war and to engage together in building a world of peace 77 A dove and 11 pigeons were released during the memorial service 77 In Ypres a series of tributes to Commonwealth veterans was attended by the Minister President of Flanders Geert Bourgeois 78 The Last Post traditionally performed in the evening since 1928 was additionally played at 11 00 CET for the occasion of the centenary 78 In Mons celebrations were held marking the anniversary of Canadian troops taking over the city from the Germans in the final leg of Canada s Hundred Days 79 80 The Black Watch Royal Highland Regiment of Canada led a recreated Armistice parade through the city 81 Hungary Edit The Hungarian National Bank released a series of commemorative coins on 16 October 2018 which included a silver collector coin with a face value of 10 000 Hungarian forint and a non ferrous metal variant with a fifth of the face value 82 India Edit A memorial service was held at the Delhi War Cemetery where Indian and British delegates laid wreaths Conservative MP Tom Tugendhat led the British delegation and was joined by Sir Dominic Asquith British High Commissioner to India and defence attache Brigadier Mark Goldsack 83 In a series of tweets Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Indian troops and pledged to further an atmosphere of harmony and brotherhood 84 85 Luxembourg Edit A ceremony was held at the Gelle Fra monument in the capital during the late afternoon in the presence of Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg as well as Prime Minister Xavier Bettel Bettel also paid tribute to war casualties 86 New Zealand Edit The Pukeahu National War Memorial Park in Wellington hosted an Armistice commemoration service which was organised as part of the wider New Zealand WW100 commemorations A 100 gun salute was held at the Wellington waterfront and two minutes of silence were observed at 11 00 NZDT followed by a cacophony of noise replicating how the public initially reacted to the news of the Armistice a century prior Governor General Dame Patsy Reddy and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern gave speeches at the event 87 88 89 United States Edit The National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City Missouri hosted a ceremony in which participants and relatives of WWI veterans tolled a bell of peace and laid wreaths in memory of those killed in the war 90 The Washington National Cathedral organized a commemorative worship service 91 President Donald Trump proposed that a military parade at the Capitol be held on 10 November to mark the centenary in admiration of France s Bastille Day military parade which Trump attended as a guest in 2017 However Trump cancelled the proposed event in August 2018 over cost concerns with estimates that the parade would have cost as much as US 92 million 92 93 94 See also EditArmistice Day Centenary of the outbreak of World War I First World War centenary Paris Peace Forum Remembrance DayNotes Edit Ma played the sarabande from Bach s Suite No 5 in C minor and later performed the second movement of Ravel s Sonata for Violin and Cello with Capucon 14 Kidjo sang the Ewe song Blewu in homage to colonial troops 15 16 The group specifically listed Vladimir Putin Donald Trump Benjamin Netanyahu and Recep Tayyip Erdogan as examples 55 References Edit Armistice The End of World War I 1918 EyeWitness to History 2004 Archived from the original on 26 November 2018 Retrieved 10 July 2021 Poussard Bruno 4 November 2018 Strasbourg Avec son homologue allemand le president Macron lance son periple commemoratif 20 Minutes in French Archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Retrieved 1 April 2021 a b Agnew Harriet 9 November 2018 Memorial tour turns into PR setback for Emmanuel Macron Financial Times Retrieved 1 April 2021 Boichot Loris Berdah Arthur 6 November 2018 Macron annonce l entree au Pantheon de Maurice Genevoix et de ceux de 14 Le Figaro in French Retrieved 1 April 2021 Forum de Paris sur la Paix rendez vous le 11 novembre 2018 Emmanuel Macron in French YouTube retrieved 4 October 2022 Festival Histoire de l APHG OI La Grande Guerre et les Outre mer bilan et perspectives 29 30 October 2018 Saint Denis Saint Pierre 30p Armistice Day Macron and Merkel mark end of World War One BBC News 10 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 WWI centenary Merkel and Macron visit WWI memorial Deutsche Welle 10 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Herman Steve 10 November 2018 Trump in Paris for Talks WWI Centenary Voice of America Retrieved 22 September 2022 Douet Eleanor 11 November 2018 11 Novembre pourquoi les cloches ont elles sonne a 11 heures ce dimanche RTL fr in French Retrieved 1 April 2021 Commemoration du centenaire de l Armistice du 11 novembre 2018 a Wallis wallis et futuna gouv fr in French Archived from the original on 22 July 2019 Retrieved 6 May 2021 a b Nakamura David Kim Seung Min McAuley James 11 November 2018 Macron denounces nationalism as a betrayal of patriotism in rebuke to Trump at WWI remembrance The Washington Post Retrieved 14 September 2022 What We ve Learned And What We Haven t In The 100 Years Since WWI Ended NPR 12 November 2018 Retrieved 12 October 2021 Cellist Yo Yo Ma amp Violinist Renaud Capucon Perform Together for Armistice Centenary Strings Magazine 11 November 2018 Retrieved 1 June 2021 Narmer Amenuti Blewu An Ewe Traditional Dirge For All African Soldiers Who Fought amp Died In Needless European Wars Grandmother Africa Retrieved 4 October 2022 a b Marlowe Lara 11 November 2018 Unity and disorder emanate from Armistice commemoration in Paris The Irish Times Retrieved 4 October 2022 a b c d 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November 2018 Retrieved 16 June 2022 Zambia Mbala to host Centenary Celebrations to mark the end of the First World War Lusakatimes com 14 June 2018 Retrieved 22 September 2022 a b Remembrance Day Australians mark 100 years since end of World War I ABC News 11 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Jervis Bardy Dan 11 November 2018 Remembrance Day 2018 Canberra pauses to honour the sacrifice The Canberra Times Retrieved 1 April 2021 a b Thousands attend Armistice memorial events around Belgium The Bulletin Belgium 11 November 2018 Retrieved 17 April 2021 a b A Bruxelles Ypres Mons revivez les commemorations du 11 novembre en Belgique RTBF in French 11 November 2018 Archived from the original on 2 March 2022 Retrieved 2 March 2022 In Mons Belgians turn out to remember their Canadian liberators of 1918 CBC News Retrieved 17 April 2021 Mons Belgium honours Canada 100 years after end of First World War CTV News 11 November 2018 Archived from the original on 12 November 2018 Retrieved 17 April 2021 Montgomery Marc 7 November 2018 Canadians to recreate Armistice parade in Mons Belgium 100 years later Radio Canada International Archived from the original on 7 November 2018 Retrieved 17 April 2021 Collector coins to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice Ending World War I Magyar Nemzeti Bank Retrieved 22 September 2022 India s sacrifice remembered in ceremony on armistice centenary The Times 11 November 2018 Retrieved 1 April 2021 Narendra Modi narendramodi 11 November 2018 Today as we mark one hundred years since the end of the horrific First World War we reiterate our commitment towards world peace and pledge to work to further an atmosphere of harmony and brotherhood so that the trail of death and destruction caused by wars does not occur Tweet via Twitter PM Modi pays tributes to Indian soldiers who fought in World War I The Hindu 11 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Ceremonie en presence du couple grand ducal et du Premier ministre RTL 5minutes in French 11 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Hunt Tom Harris Dominic Bathgate Ben 11 November 2018 Armistice Day silence broken with a cacophony of noise as NZ marks centenary stuff co nz Retrieved 30 March 2021 Services mark 100 years since end of WWI Radio New Zealand 11 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Watch Jacinda Ardern speaks of peace multilateralism and inclusion during Armistice Day speech 1 News TVNZ 11 November 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2021 Ljungblad Tammy Cronkleton Robert A 11 November 2018 World War I armistice centennial marked on Veterans Day The Kansas City Star Retrieved 30 March 2021 WWI Commemorative Service Washington National Cathedral Retrieved 1 April 2021 Macias Amanda 17 August 2018 Trump says he canceled military parade over ridiculously high cost which he blames on local DC politicians CNBC Retrieved 14 July 2021 No Military Parade For Trump In D C This Year Pentagon Looking At Dates In 2019 NPR org Archived from the original on 3 July 2019 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Juliet Eilperin Josh Dawsey and Dan Lamothe 1 July 2019 Trump asks for tanks Marine One and much more for grandiose July Fourth event The Washington Post Archived from the original on 1 July 2019 Retrieved 4 July 2019 Trump has been fixated since early in his term on putting on a military heavy parade or other celebration modeled on France s Bastille Day celebration which he attended in Paris in 2017 Works cited Edit Strachan H 2001 The First World War To Arms Vol I New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 926191 8 Further reading EditS Sumartojo Experiencing 11 November 2018 Commemoration and the First World War Centenary Routledge 2020 ISBN 1 350 15531 4 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to the Armistice Day ceremony in Paris AP Was There Armistice brings World War I to an end Ceremonie internationale du Centenaire de l Armistice du 11 novembre 1918 a l Arc de triomphe full video on the Elysee Dailymotion channel Portals World War I Europe Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Armistice Day centenary amp oldid 1133571454, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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