The Hôtel des Invalides (English: "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (French pronunciation: [lezɛ̃valid]), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans, the building's original purpose. The buildings house the Musée de l'Armée, the military museum of the Army of France, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine. The complex also includes the former hospital chapel, now national cathedral of the French military, and the adjacent former Royal Chapel known as the Dôme des Invalides, the tallest church building in Paris at a height of 107 meters.[1] The latter has been converted into a shrine of some of France's leading military figures, most notably the tomb of Napoleon.[2]
The Dôme des Invalides, 107 metres (351 ft) tall and decorated with 12.65 kilograms (27.9 lb) of gold leaf, is an important landmark in Paris.
Louis XIV initiated the project by an order dated 24 November 1670, as a home and hospital for aged and disabled (invalide) soldiers.[3] The initial architect of Les Invalides was Libéral Bruant. The selected site was in the then suburban plain of Grenelle (plaine de Grenelle). By the time the enlarged project was completed in 1676, the façade fronting the Seine measured 196 metres (643 ft) in width, and the complex had fifteen courtyards, the largest being the cour d'honneur designed for military parades.
The church-and-chapel complex of the Invalides was designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart from 1676, taking inspiration from his great-uncle François Mansart's design for a Chapelle des Bourbons [fr] to be built behind the chancel of the Basilica of Saint-Denis, the French monarch's necropolis since ancient times. Several projects were submitted in the mid-1660s by both Mansart and Gian Lorenzo Bernini who was residing in Paris at the time. Mansart's second project is very close to Hardouin-Mansart's concept of the Royal Chapel or Dome Church at Les Invalides, both in terms of its architecture and of its relationship with the adjacent church. Architectural historian Allan Braham has hypothesized that the domed chapel was initially intended to be a new burial place for the Bourbon Dynasty, but that project was not implemented.[4] Instead, the massive building was designated as private chapel of the monarch, from which he could attend church service without having to mingle with the disabled veterans. It was barely used for that purpose. The Dôme des Invalides remains as one of the prime exemplars of French Baroque architecture, at 107 metres (351 ft) high, and also as an iconic symbol of France's absolute monarchy.
Meanwhile, Hardouin-Mansart assisted the aged Bruant on the chapel, which was finished to Bruant's design after the latter's death in 1697. This chapel is known as the church of Saint-Louis-des-Invalides. Daily attendance of the veterans in the church services was required. Shortly after the veterans' chapel was started, Louis XIV commissioned Mansart to construct a separate private royal chapel, now known as the Église du Dôme from its most striking feature. The Dome chapel was finished in 1706.
François Mansart's second project for the Chapel of the Bourbons in Saint-Denis
Louis XIV ordering the construction of Les Invalides
Napoleon I visiting the infirmary of Les Invalides
Because of its location and significance, the Invalides served as the scene for several key events in French history. On 14 July 1789 it was stormed by Parisian rioters who seized the cannons and muskets stored in its cellars to use against the Bastille later the same day. Napoleon was entombed under the Dome of the Invalides with great ceremony in 1840.
The separation between the two churches was reinforced in the 19th century with the erection of Napoleon's tomb, the creation of the two separate altars and then with the construction of a glass wall between the two chapels.
The building retained its primary function of a retirement home and hospital for military veterans (invalides) until the early twentieth century. In 1872 the musée d'artillerie (Artillery Museum) was located within the building to be joined by the musée historique des armées (Historical Museum of the Armies) in 1896. The two institutions were merged to form the present musée de l'armée in 1905. At the same time the veterans in residence were dispersed to smaller centres outside Paris. The reason was that the adoption of a mainly conscript army, after 1872, meant a substantial reduction in the numbers of veterans having the twenty or more years of military service formerly required to enter the Hôpital des Invalides. The building accordingly became too large for its original purpose. The modern complex does however still include the facilities detailed below for about a hundred elderly or incapacitated former soldiers.
When the Army Museum at Les Invalides was founded in 1905, the veterans' chapel was placed under its administrative control. It is now the cathedral of the Diocese of the French Armed Forces, officially known as Cathédrale Saint-Louis-des-Invalides.[6]
Office national des anciens combattants et victimes de guerre
1. Cour d'honneur
2. Cour d'Angoulème
3. Cour d'Austerlitz
4. Cour de la Victoire
5. Cour de la Valeur
6. Cour de Mars
7. Cour de Toulon
8. Cour de Nismes
9. Cour de Metz
10. Cour de l'Infirmerie
11. Cour d'Oran
12. Cour de la Paix
13. Cour d'Arles
14. Cour d'Alger
15. Cour Saint-Louis
16. Cour Saint-Joseph
17. Cour Saint-Jacques
The north front of the Invalides: Hardouin-Mansart's Dome above Bruant's pedimented central block
On the north front of Les Invalides, Hardouin-Mansart's Dome chapel is large enough to dominate the long façade, yet harmonizes with Bruant's door under an arched pediment. To the north, the courtyard (cour d'honneur) is extended by a wide public esplanade (Esplanade des Invalides) where the embassies of Austria and Finland are neighbors of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all forming one of the grand open spaces in the heart of Paris. At its far end, the Pont Alexandre III links this grand urbanistic axis with the Petit Palais and the Grand Palais. The Pont des Invalides is next, downstream the Seine river.
The buildings still comprise the Institution Nationale des Invalides,[7] a national institution for disabledwar veterans. The institution comprises:
a retirement home
a medical and surgical centre
a centre for external medical consultations.
Gallery
Aerial view of Les Invalides
Northern frontage of the complex, overlooks the esplanade
The northern portal of the complex, with Louis XIV with horse on the pediment
The Dome chapel became a military necropolis when Napoleon in September 1800 designated it for the relocation of the tomb of Louis XIV's celebrated general Turenne, followed in 1807–1808 by Vauban.[2] In 1835, the underground gallery below the church received the remains of 14 victims of the Giuseppe Marco Fieschi's failed assassination attempt on Louis-Philippe I. The major development came with the building's designation to become Napoleon's tomb by a law of 10 June 1840, as part of the political project of the retour des cendres orchestrated by king Louis-Philippe I and his minister Adolphe Thiers (the reference to Napoleon's cendres or "ashes" is actually to his mortal remains, as he had not been cremated).[8] The creation of the crypt and of Napoleon's massive sarcophagus took twenty years to complete and was finished in 1861.[9][10] By then, it was emperor Napoleon III who was in power and oversaw the ceremony of the transfer of his remains from a chapel of the church to the crypt beneath the dome.[11]
1847: Henri Gatien Bertrand (1773–1844), army general who accompanied Napoleon to Elba and then St Helena, and in 1840 brought Napoleon's body back to France; monument designed by Louis Visconti
1940: Napoleon II (1811–1832) son of Napoleon (his heart and intestines remained in Vienna); first placed in the church's Saint Jerome Chapel, then buried in the crypt in 1969
1858: heart of Catharina of Württemberg (1783–1835), wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, and their son Jérôme Napoléon Charles Bonaparte, in the underground gallery; the monument of Catharina's heart was relocated in 1862 in the Saint Jerome Chapel
Tomb of marshal Lyautey in the Saint Gregory (northwestern) chapel
Tomb of Jerome Bonaparte in the Saint Jerome chapel
Under the Cathedral church
82 additional military figures, including 28 Governors of Les Invalides, are in the underground gallery known as the Caveau des Gouverneurs beneath the Saint-Louis Cathedral:[12]
^"Paris facts". Paris Digest. 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-19.
^ abc"Les tombeaux et monuments funéraires" (PDF). Musée de l'Armée.
^"The Paris Army Museum – Hôtel des Invalides". citibreak.fr. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^Allan J. Braham (July–December 1960), "L'Eglise du Dome", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, The Warburg Institute, 23:3/4 (3/4): 216–224, doi:10.2307/750592, JSTOR 750592, S2CID 195018409
^"Apotheosis of Saint Louis – Musée de l'Armée". www.musee-armee.fr. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
^Cathedral of Saint-Louis des Invalides (online), accessed 16 October 2015
^"Napoleon's tomb facts". Retrieved September 1, 2018.
^Dôme des Invalides, tomb of Napoleon I, accessed 18 October 2015
^Musée de l’Armée Invalides – Brochure, accessed 18 October 2015
^"Final burial of the mortal remains of Emperor Napoleon I at the Eglise des Invalides, 2 April 1861". napoleon.org. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
^"Cathédrale Saint-Louis des Invalides (Paris) et le caveau (ou crypte) des Gouverneurs". Tombes-Sepultures.com.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Les Invalides.
Official website
3d model of interior of Les Invalides
January 26, 2023
invalides, this, article, about, area, paris, paris, metro, station, serving, invalides, paris, métro, coordinates, 85500, 31250, 85500, 31250, hôtel, invalides, english, house, invalids, commonly, called, french, pronunciation, lezɛ, valid, complex, buildings. This article is about the area in Paris For the Paris metro station serving it see Invalides Paris Metro and RER Coordinates 48 51 18 N 2 18 45 E 48 85500 N 2 31250 E 48 85500 2 31250 The Hotel des Invalides English house of invalids commonly called Les Invalides French pronunciation lezɛ valid is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris France containing museums and monuments all relating to the military history of France as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans the building s original purpose The buildings house the Musee de l Armee the military museum of the Army of France the Musee des Plans Reliefs and the Musee d Histoire Contemporaine The complex also includes the former hospital chapel now national cathedral of the French military and the adjacent former Royal Chapel known as the Dome des Invalides the tallest church building in Paris at a height of 107 meters 1 The latter has been converted into a shrine of some of France s leading military figures most notably the tomb of Napoleon 2 Hotel des InvalidesAerial view of Les InvalidesAlternative namesLes Invalides Musee de l ArmeeGeneral informationTypeMuseum church hospital retirement home mausoleumArchitectural styleBaroqueLocationParis FranceConstruction started1671Completed1706Inaugurated1678Design and constructionArchitect s Liberal Bruant Jules Hardouin Mansart Contents 1 History 2 Architecture 2 1 Gallery 3 Burials 3 1 Inside the Dome church 3 2 Under the Cathedral church 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit The Dome des Invalides 107 metres 351 ft tall and decorated with 12 65 kilograms 27 9 lb of gold leaf is an important landmark in Paris Louis XIV initiated the project by an order dated 24 November 1670 as a home and hospital for aged and disabled invalide soldiers 3 The initial architect of Les Invalides was Liberal Bruant The selected site was in the then suburban plain of Grenelle plaine de Grenelle By the time the enlarged project was completed in 1676 the facade fronting the Seine measured 196 metres 643 ft in width and the complex had fifteen courtyards the largest being the cour d honneur designed for military parades The church and chapel complex of the Invalides was designed by Jules Hardouin Mansart from 1676 taking inspiration from his great uncle Francois Mansart s design for a Chapelle des Bourbons fr to be built behind the chancel of the Basilica of Saint Denis the French monarch s necropolis since ancient times Several projects were submitted in the mid 1660s by both Mansart and Gian Lorenzo Bernini who was residing in Paris at the time Mansart s second project is very close to Hardouin Mansart s concept of the Royal Chapel or Dome Church at Les Invalides both in terms of its architecture and of its relationship with the adjacent church Architectural historian Allan Braham has hypothesized that the domed chapel was initially intended to be a new burial place for the Bourbon Dynasty but that project was not implemented 4 Instead the massive building was designated as private chapel of the monarch from which he could attend church service without having to mingle with the disabled veterans It was barely used for that purpose The Dome des Invalides remains as one of the prime exemplars of French Baroque architecture at 107 metres 351 ft high and also as an iconic symbol of France s absolute monarchy The interior of the dome was painted by Le Brun s disciple Charles de La Fosse with a Baroque illusionistic ceiling painting The painting was completed in 1705 5 Meanwhile Hardouin Mansart assisted the aged Bruant on the chapel which was finished to Bruant s design after the latter s death in 1697 This chapel is known as the church of Saint Louis des Invalides Daily attendance of the veterans in the church services was required Shortly after the veterans chapel was started Louis XIV commissioned Mansart to construct a separate private royal chapel now known as the Eglise du Dome from its most striking feature The Dome chapel was finished in 1706 Francois Mansart s second project for the Chapel of the Bourbons in Saint Denis Louis XIV ordering the construction of Les Invalides Jules Hardouin Mansart s project with unrealized south esplanade Visit of Louis XIV to Les Invalides Painting by Pierre Denis Martin Portrait of Hardouin Mansart by Hyacinthe Rigaud showing the Dome Louvre Napoleon I visiting the infirmary of Les InvalidesBecause of its location and significance the Invalides served as the scene for several key events in French history On 14 July 1789 it was stormed by Parisian rioters who seized the cannons and muskets stored in its cellars to use against the Bastille later the same day Napoleon was entombed under the Dome of the Invalides with great ceremony in 1840 The separation between the two churches was reinforced in the 19th century with the erection of Napoleon s tomb the creation of the two separate altars and then with the construction of a glass wall between the two chapels The building retained its primary function of a retirement home and hospital for military veterans invalides until the early twentieth century In 1872 the musee d artillerie Artillery Museum was located within the building to be joined by the musee historique des armees Historical Museum of the Armies in 1896 The two institutions were merged to form the present musee de l armee in 1905 At the same time the veterans in residence were dispersed to smaller centres outside Paris The reason was that the adoption of a mainly conscript army after 1872 meant a substantial reduction in the numbers of veterans having the twenty or more years of military service formerly required to enter the Hopital des Invalides The building accordingly became too large for its original purpose The modern complex does however still include the facilities detailed below for about a hundred elderly or incapacitated former soldiers When the Army Museum at Les Invalides was founded in 1905 the veterans chapel was placed under its administrative control It is now the cathedral of the Diocese of the French Armed Forces officially known as Cathedrale Saint Louis des Invalides 6 Architecture Edit Dome of Les Invalides Saint Louis des Invalides Cathedral Musee de l Armee Musee des Plans Reliefs Musee de l Ordre de la Liberation Institution nationale des Invalides Gouverneur des Invalides Gouverneur militaire de Paris Chancellerie de l Ordre de la Liberation Office national des anciens combattants et victimes de guerre1 Cour d honneur 2 Cour d Angouleme 3 Cour d Austerlitz 4 Cour de la Victoire 5 Cour de la Valeur 6 Cour de Mars 7 Cour de Toulon 8 Cour de Nismes 9 Cour de Metz 10 Cour de l Infirmerie 11 Cour d Oran 12 Cour de la Paix 13 Cour d Arles 14 Cour d Alger 15 Cour Saint Louis 16 Cour Saint Joseph 17 Cour Saint Jacques The north front of the Invalides Hardouin Mansart s Dome above Bruant s pedimented central block On the north front of Les Invalides Hardouin Mansart s Dome chapel is large enough to dominate the long facade yet harmonizes with Bruant s door under an arched pediment To the north the courtyard cour d honneur is extended by a wide public esplanade Esplanade des Invalides where the embassies of Austria and Finland are neighbors of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs all forming one of the grand open spaces in the heart of Paris At its far end the Pont Alexandre III links this grand urbanistic axis with the Petit Palais and the Grand Palais The Pont des Invalides is next downstream the Seine river The buildings still comprise the Institution Nationale des Invalides 7 a national institution for disabled war veterans The institution comprises a retirement home a medical and surgical centre a centre for external medical consultations Gallery Edit Aerial view of Les Invalides Northern frontage of the complex overlooks the esplanade The northern portal of the complex with Louis XIV with horse on the pediment The court of honor of the Invalides Statue and attic window in the court of honor Statue of Napoleon in the court Long Live the Emperor in the court The Alexander III bridge was built in alignment with Les Invalides Sight on the complex and Paris from the Dome s top Top of the gate that overlooks the northern esplanade From Montparnasse tower The Dome has a structure of triple hull The monumental bronze door of the Dome Plan of the Dome Pinnacle at the top of the Dome Interior architecture The grounds are covered with polychrome marble marquetries of the 17th century Napoleon s tomb was dug in the center of the Dome Cupola of the Dome One of the four small side cupolas According to an old tradition war trophies decorate the vault of the Cathedral of Saint Louis des Invalides The Qianlong Emperor s military costume at the Musee de l ArmeeBurials Edit The sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte Tomb of Napoleon II at Les Invalides Paris The Dome chapel became a military necropolis when Napoleon in September 1800 designated it for the relocation of the tomb of Louis XIV s celebrated general Turenne followed in 1807 1808 by Vauban 2 In 1835 the underground gallery below the church received the remains of 14 victims of the Giuseppe Marco Fieschi s failed assassination attempt on Louis Philippe I The major development came with the building s designation to become Napoleon s tomb by a law of 10 June 1840 as part of the political project of the retour des cendres orchestrated by king Louis Philippe I and his minister Adolphe Thiers the reference to Napoleon s cendres or ashes is actually to his mortal remains as he had not been cremated 8 The creation of the crypt and of Napoleon s massive sarcophagus took twenty years to complete and was finished in 1861 9 10 By then it was emperor Napoleon III who was in power and oversaw the ceremony of the transfer of his remains from a chapel of the church to the crypt beneath the dome 11 Inside the Dome church Edit See also Napoleon s tomb The most notable tomb at Les Invalides is that of Napoleon Bonaparte 1769 1821 designed by Louis Visconti with sculptures by James Pradier Pierre Charles Simart and Francisque Joseph Duret Napoleon was initially interred on Saint Helena but King Louis Philippe arranged for his remains to be brought to France in 1840 an event known as le retour des cendres Napoleon s remains were kept in the Saint Jerome southwestern chapel of the Dome church for more than two decades until his final resting place a tomb made of red quartzite and resting on a green granite base was finished in 1861 Other military figures and members of Napoleon s family also buried at the Dome church by year of burial there 2 1800 Henri de La Tour d Auvergne Viscount of Turenne 1611 1675 1670s monument by Gaspard Marsy and Jean Baptiste Tuby originally at the Basilica of Saint Denis and relocated by Napoleon 1807 1808 heart of Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban 1633 1707 relocated by Napoleon from Bazoches replaced in 1847 with a cenotaph by Antoine Etex 1847 Henri Gatien Bertrand 1773 1844 army general who accompanied Napoleon to Elba and then St Helena and in 1840 brought Napoleon s body back to France monument designed by Louis Visconti 1847 Geraud Duroc 1772 1813 also by Louis Visconti 1862 Jerome Bonaparte 1784 1860 Napoleon s youngest brother Governor of the Invalides 1848 1852 monument by Alfred Nicolas Normand with sculpture by Eugene Guillaume in the Saint Jerome chapel 1864 Joseph Bonaparte 1768 1844 Napoleon s elder brother monument by Alphonse Nicolas Crepinet fr in the Saint Augustine southeastern chapel Charles Leclerc 1772 1802 urn relocated from the Chateau de Montgobert 1904 heart of Theophile Corret de la Tour d Auvergne 1743 1800 named by Napoleon the first grenadier of the Republic 1940 Napoleon II 1811 1832 son of Napoleon his heart and intestines remained in Vienna first placed in the church s Saint Jerome Chapel then buried in the crypt in 1969 1858 heart of Catharina of Wurttemberg 1783 1835 wife of Jerome Bonaparte and their son Jerome Napoleon Charles Bonaparte in the underground gallery the monument of Catharina s heart was relocated in 1862 in the Saint Jerome Chapel 1937 Ferdinand Foch 1851 1929 monument by Paul Landowski in the Saint Ambrose northeastern chapel 1963 Hubert Lyautey 1854 1934 relocated from Morocco monument by Albert Laprade in the Saint Gregory northwestern chapel Two of the twelve marble Victories surrounding Napoleon s tomb Tomb of Joseph Bonaparte in the Dome church Tomb of Ferdinand Foch in the Dome church Cenotaph of Vauban in the Dome church Tomb of marshal Lyautey in the Saint Gregory northwestern chapel Tomb of Jerome Bonaparte in the Saint Jerome chapelUnder the Cathedral church Edit 82 additional military figures including 28 Governors of Les Invalides are in the underground gallery known as the Caveau des Gouverneurs beneath the Saint Louis Cathedral 12 Albert d Amade 1856 1941 Jean Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova 1778 1853 Governor 1852 1853 Louis Baraguey d Hilliers 1764 1813 heart Achille Baraguey d Hilliers 1795 1878 Marshal of France Jean Francois Berruyer 1737 1804 Governor 1803 1804 Jean Baptiste Bessieres 1768 1813 Marshal of the Empire Baptiste Pierre Bisson 1767 1811 heart Antoine Baucheron de Boissoudy 1864 1926 Thomas Bugeaud 1784 1849 Marshal of France involved in the conquest of Algeria Francois Canrobert 1809 1895 Marshal of France Francois Henri de Franquetot de Coigny 1737 1821 Marshal of France Governor 1816 1821 Victor Cordonnier 1858 1936 Charles Marie Denys de Damremont 1783 1837 Vincent Martel Deconchy 1768 1823 heart Denis Auguste Duchene 1862 1950 Guy Victor Duperre 1775 1846 Franciade Fleurus Duvivier fr 1794 1848 Jean Baptiste Eble 1758 1812 heart Louis Franchet d Esperey 1856 1942 Marshal of France Remy Joseph Isidore Exelmans 1775 1852 Marshal of France Emile Fayolle 1852 1928 Marshal of France Ernest Francois Fournier 1842 1934 Dominique Marie Gauchet 1853 1931 Augustin Gerard 1857 1926 Henri Giraud 1879 1949 Emile Guepratte 1856 1939 Adolphe Guillaumat 1863 1940 Ferdinand Alphonse Hamelin 1796 1864 Jean Joseph Ange d Hautpoul 1754 1807 heart Paul Prosper Henrys 1862 1943 Jean Houdemon fr 1885 1960 Governor 1951 1960 Georges Louis Humbert 1862 1921 Jean Baptiste Jourdan 1762 1833 Marshal of the Empire Governor 1830 1833 Alphonse Juin 1888 1967 Marshal of France Jean Baptiste Kleber 1753 1800 heart Fernand de Langle de Cary 1849 1927 Charles Lanrezac 1852 1925 Augustin Boue de Lapeyrere 1852 1924 Jean Ambroise Baston de Lariboisiere 1759 1812 Dominique Jean Larrey 1766 1842 celebrated military surgeon Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle 1777 1809 the Hussar General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque 1902 1947 Marshal of France Patrice de MacMahon 1808 1893 Marshal of France and President of France Paul Maistre 1858 1922 Gabriel Malleterre 1858 1923 Governor 1919 1923 Charles Mangin 1866 1925 Augustin Eugene Mariaux fr 1864 1944 Governor 1923 1944 Edmond Charles de Martimprey 1808 1883 Governor 1870 1871 Louis de Maud huy 1857 1921 Michel Joseph Maunoury 1847 1923 posthumous Marshal of France Antoine de Mitry 1857 1924 Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor 1770 1849 Marshal of France Governor 1847 1848 Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 1754 1842 Marshal of the Empire Governor 1833 1842 Raoul Magrin Vernerey a k a Ralph Monclar 1892 1964 Governor 1862 1864 Georges Mouton 1770 1838 Marshal of France Francois Marie Casimir Negrier 1788 1848 heart Robert Nivelle 1856 1924 Nicolas d Orange des Roches fr 1618 1705 Governor 1696 1705 Philippe Antoine d Ornano 1784 1863 Marshal of France Governor 1853 1863 Nicolas Oudinot 1767 1847 Marshal of the Empire Governor 1842 1847 Paul Pau 1848 1932 Aimable Pelissier 1794 1864 Marshal of France Henri Putz 1859 1925 Antoine Rodes fr 1870 1951 Governor 1944 1951 Pierre Alexis Ronarc h 1865 1940 Pierre Roques 1856 1920 creator of the French Air Force Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle 1760 1836 army captain author of France s national anthem La Marseillaise Pierre Ruffey 1851 1928 Auguste Regnaud de Saint Jean d Angely 1794 1870 Marshal of France Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud 1798 1854 Marshal of France Maurice Sarrail 1856 1929 Horace Francois Bastien Sebastiani de La Porta 1771 1851 Marshal of France Jean Mathieu Philibert Serurier 1742 1819 Marshal of France Governor 1804 1815 Victor d Urbal 1858 1943 Sylvain Charles Valee 1773 1846 Marshal of FranceTwo of these Gabriel Malleterre and Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque are also honored with a plaque inside the Saint Louis des Invalides cathedral Another plaque honors Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 1889 1952 posthumous Marshal of France commander of the French First Army during World War II and later commander in the First Indochina War who is buried in Mouilleron en Pareds Burial vaults in the Caveau des Gouverneurs beaneath Saint Louis Cathedral Plaque honoring Marshal de Lattre de Tassigny in Saint Louis Cathedral Plaque honoring Marshal Leclerc in Saint Louis CathedralSee also Edit France portalList of museums in Paris List of hospitals in France List of tallest structures in Paris List of tallest domes Military history of France San Francisco City Hall the design of which was influenced by Les Invalides La Tour Maubourg adjacent Paris Metro stop convenient to Les Invalides National Pantheon of Venezuela Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral National Pantheon of the Heroes Altar de la Patria Artigas Mausoleum List of works by James Pradier History of early modern period domesReferences Edit Paris facts Paris Digest 2018 Retrieved 2018 09 19 a b c Les tombeaux et monuments funeraires PDF Musee de l Armee The Paris Army Museum Hotel des Invalides citibreak fr Archived from the original on 27 February 2015 Retrieved 29 September 2016 Allan J Braham July December 1960 L Eglise du Dome Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes The Warburg Institute 23 3 4 3 4 216 224 doi 10 2307 750592 JSTOR 750592 S2CID 195018409 Apotheosis of Saint Louis Musee de l Armee www musee armee fr Retrieved 2017 01 27 Cathedral of Saint Louis des Invalides online accessed 16 October 2015 Institution Nationale des Invalides Archived from the original on 31 August 2011 Napoleon s tomb facts Retrieved September 1 2018 Dome des Invalides tomb of Napoleon I accessed 18 October 2015 Musee de l Armee Invalides Brochure accessed 18 October 2015 Final burial of the mortal remains of Emperor Napoleon I at the Eglise des Invalides 2 April 1861 napoleon org Retrieved 2022 10 11 Cathedrale Saint Louis des Invalides Paris et le caveau ou crypte des Gouverneurs Tombes Sepultures com External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Les Invalides Official website 3d model of interior of Les Invalides Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Les Invalides amp oldid 1127184151, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
