Anne, Princess Royal
Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950) is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the only sister of King Charles III. Anne was born 3rd in the line of succession to the British throne and is now 17th,[2][b] and has been, since 1987, Princess Royal, a title held for life.[3][4][5]
| Anne | |||||
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| Princess Royal (more) | |||||
Princess Anne in 2023 | |||||
| Born | Princess Anne of Edinburgh 15 August 1950 Clarence House, London, United Kingdom | ||||
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| House | Windsor | ||||
| Father | Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh | ||||
| Mother | Elizabeth II | ||||
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| Education | Benenden School | ||||
Born at Clarence House, Anne was educated at Benenden School and began undertaking royal duties upon reaching adulthood. She became a respected equestrian, winning one gold medal in 1971 and two silver medals in 1975 at the European Eventing Championships.[6] In 1976, she became the first member of the British royal family to compete in the Olympic Games.[7] In 1988, the Princess Royal became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[8]
Anne performs official duties and engagements on behalf of the monarch.[9] She is patron or president of over 300 organisations, including WISE, Riders for Health, and Carers Trust.[9] Her work in charities centres on sports, sciences, people with disabilities, and health in developing countries. She has been associated with Save the Children for over fifty years and has visited a number of its projects.
Anne married Captain Mark Phillips in 1973; they separated in 1989 and divorced in 1992. They have two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, and five grandchildren. Within months of her divorce in 1992, Anne married Commander (later Vice Admiral) Sir Timothy Laurence, whom she had met while he served as her mother's equerry between 1986 and 1989.
Early life and education edit
Anne was born at Clarence House on 15 August 1950 at 11:50 a.m.[10] during the reign of her maternal grandfather, King George VI. She was the second child and only daughter of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. A 21-gun salute in Hyde Park signaled the birth.[11] Anne was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 21 October 1950, by the Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett.[c] At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her mother and older brother, Charles (later King Charles III). She rose to second in 1952 after her grandfather's death and her mother's accession; she is currently 17th in line.[13][b]
A governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to look after Anne and her brothers, Charles, Andrew, and Edward. Peebles was responsible for Anne's early education at Buckingham Palace.[14] Given her young age at the time, Anne did not attend her mother's coronation in June 1953.[15]
A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company to include the Holy Trinity Brompton Brownie pack, was re-formed in May 1959, specifically so that, as her mother and aunt had done as children, Anne could socialise with girls her own age. The company was active until 1963, when Anne went to boarding school.[16] Anne enrolled at Benenden School in 1963. In 1968, she left school with six GCE O-Levels and two A-Levels.[14] She began to undertake royal engagements in 1969, at the age of 18.[17]
In 1970, Anne briefly had a relationship with Andrew Parker Bowles, who later married Camilla Shand. Camilla later became the second wife and queen consort of Anne's eldest brother, Charles III.[18][19] Anne was also briefly linked to Olympic equestrian Richard Meade.[20]
Equestrianism edit
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Representing United Kingdom | ||
| Equestrian | ||
| European Championships | ||
| 1971 Burghley | Individual eventing | |
| 1975 Luhmühlen | Team eventing | |
| 1975 Luhmühlen | Individual eventing | |
In spring 1971, Princess Anne finished fourth at the Rushall Horse Trials.[21] At age 21, Anne won the individual title at the European Eventing Championship with her home-bred horse Doublet[22] and was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1971.[23] She also rode winners in horse racing, competing in the Grand Military Steeplechase at Sandown Park Racecourse and the Diamond Stakes at Royal Ascot.[24]
For more than five years, she also competed with the British eventing team, winning a silver medal in both individual and team disciplines in the 1975 European Eventing Championship.[25] The following year, Anne participated in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal as a member of the British team, riding the Queen's horse, Goodwill, in Eventing.[7] Anne suffered a concussion halfway through the course but remounted and finished the event; she has stated she cannot remember making the rest of the jumps.[24] The British team had to pull out of the competition after two horses were injured.[26][27] She finished fourth at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1974 and sixth in 1979, having participated five times in the competition between 1971 and 1979.[21][28] In 1985, she rode in a charity horse race at the Epsom Derby, finishing fourth.[24]
Anne assumed the presidency of the Fédération Équestre Internationale from 1986 until 1994.[29] On 5 February 1987, she became the first member of the royal family to appear as a contestant on a television quiz show when she competed on the BBC panel game A Question of Sport.[25] The princess has been a patron of the Riding for the Disabled Association since 1971 and became its president in 1985, a position she still holds.[30]
Marriages and children edit
Marriage to Mark Phillips edit
Anne met Mark Phillips, a lieutenant in the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards, in 1968 at a party for horse lovers.[31] Their engagement was announced on 29 May 1973.[32][33] On 14 November 1973, the couple married at Westminster Abbey in a televised ceremony, with an estimated audience of 100 million.[34] They subsequently took up residence at Gatcombe Park. As was customary for untitled men marrying into the royal family, Phillips was offered an earldom, which he declined;[35] consequently their children were born without titles.[36] Anne and her husband had two children: Peter (born 1977) and Zara Phillips (born 1981).[37] Anne and Phillips have five grandchildren. On 31 August 1989, Anne and Phillips announced their intention to separate; the couple had been rarely seen in public together and both were romantically linked with other people.[31][38][39] They shared custody of their children, and initially announced that "there were no plans for divorce."[40][41] On 13 April 1992, the Palace announced that Anne had filed for divorce, which was finalised ten days later.[42][43]
Marriage to Sir Timothy Laurence edit
Anne met Timothy Laurence, a commander in the Royal Navy, while he was serving on the Royal Yacht Britannia. Their relationship developed in early 1989, three years after he was appointed as an equerry to the Queen.[44] In 1989, the existence of private letters from Laurence to the Princess was revealed by The Sun newspaper.[39] The couple married at Crathie Kirk near Balmoral Castle in Scotland, on 12 December 1992.[45] Approximately 30 guests were invited for the private marriage service.[46] Unlike the Church of England at the time, the Church of Scotland considered marriage to be an ordinance of religion rather than a sacrament and permitted the remarriage of divorced persons under certain circumstances.[47][48][49] Anne became the first royal divorcée to remarry since Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, granddaughter of Queen Victoria.
For the wedding ceremony, Anne wore a white jacket over a "demure, cropped-to-the-knee dress" and a spray of white flowers in her hair.[50] Her engagement ring was made of "a cabochon sapphire flanked by three small diamonds on each side".[51] Following the marriage service, the couple and guests headed to Craigowan Lodge for a private reception.[45] Laurence received no peerage.
Kidnapping attempt edit
On 20 March 1974, Princess Anne and Mark Phillips were returning to Buckingham Palace from a charity event when a Ford Escort forced their Princess IV car to stop on The Mall.[52] The driver of the Escort, Ian Ball, jumped out and began firing a pistol. Inspector James Beaton, Anne's personal police officer, exited the car to shield her and to try to disarm Ball. Beaton's firearm, a Walther PPK, jammed, and he was shot by Ball, as was Anne's chauffeur, Alex Callender, when he tried to disarm Ball.[53] Brian McConnell, a nearby tabloid journalist, also intervened, and was shot in the chest.[54] Ball approached Anne's car and told her that he intended to kidnap her and hold her for ransom, the sum given by varying sources as £2 million[55] or £3 million, which he claimed he intended to give to the National Health Service.[52] Ball told Anne to get out of the car, to which she replied, "Not bloody likely!" She reportedly briefly considered hitting Ball.[56]
Eventually, Anne exited the other side of the limousine, as had her lady-in-waiting, Rowena Brassey. A passing pedestrian, a former boxer named Ron Russell, punched Ball and led Anne away from the scene. At that point, Police Constable Michael Hills happened upon the scene; he too was shot by Ball, but he had already called for police backup. Detective Constable Peter Edmonds answered, gave chase, and finally arrested Ball.[53]
Beaton, Hills, Callender, and McConnell were hospitalised, and recovered from their wounds. For his defence of Princess Anne, Beaton was awarded the George Cross by the Queen, who was visiting Indonesia when the incident occurred;[57] Hills and Russell were awarded the George Medal, and Callender, McConnell, and Edmonds were awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal.[52][58] It was widely reported that the Queen paid off Russell's mortgage, but this is not true: Russell said in 2020 that a police officer suggested it might happen, so he stopped paying his mortgage in anticipation and nearly had his house repossessed after four months.[59] Anne visited Beaton in hospital and thanked him for his assistance. In 1983, she spoke about the event on Parkinson, saying she was 'scrupulously polite' to Ball as she thought it would be 'silly to be too rude at that stage'.[57]
Beaton, who had been Anne's sole bodyguard, later said about royal security "I had nothing… There was no back-up vehicle. The training was non-existent; but then again, [we thought] nothing was going to happen. They are highly specialised now, highly trained." Immediately after the attack the use of only a single protection officer was stopped, and the Walther PPK pistol was replaced.[60]
Ball pleaded guilty to attempted murder and kidnapping. As of September 2022[update], he was still detained under the Mental Health Act at Broadmoor Hospital, having been diagnosed with schizophrenia.[61]
The attempted kidnapping of Princess Anne is the focus of the Granada Television-produced docudrama To Kidnap a Princess (2006) and inspired story lines in Tom Clancy's novel Patriot Games.[62]
Activities edit
Anne undertakes a number of duties and engagements on behalf of the sovereign. Kevin S. MacLeod, the then Canadian Secretary to the Queen, said of Anne in 2014: "Her credo is, 'Keep me busy. I'm here to work. I'm here to do good things. I'm here to meet as many people as possible'."[63] It was reported in December 2017 that the Princess Royal had undertaken the most official engagements that year out of all the royal family, her mother the Queen included.[64][65] Among her royal visits, the Princess has toured Norway,[66] Jamaica,[67] Germany,[68] Austria,[69] New Zealand, and Australia.[70]
Anne's first public engagement was at the opening of an educational and training centre in Shropshire in 1969. Anne travels abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom up to three times a year. She began to undertake overseas visits upon leaving secondary school,[14] and accompanied her parents on a state visit to Austria in the same year.[71] Her first tour of Australia was with her parents in 1970, since which she returned many times to undertake official engagements as a colonel-in-chief of an Australian regiment, or to attend memorials and services such as the National Memorial Service for victims of the Black Saturday bushfires in Melbourne on 22 February 2009.[72] In 1990 she became the first member of the royal family to make an official visit to the Soviet Union when she went there as a guest of President Mikhail Gorbachev and his government.[71][73]
Anne is involved with over 200 charities and organisations in an official capacity. She works extensively for Save the Children, serving as president from 1970 to 2017, and has been patron since 2017.[74] Anne has visited the organisation's projects in Bangladesh, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[74] As a result of her work, she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 by Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia.[74] She initiated The Princess Royal Trust for Carers in 1991.[75] Anne is the patron of Transaid, a charity founded by Save the Children and the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport which aims to provide safe and sustainable transport in developing countries.[76] She is also the royal patron of WISE, an organisation that encourages young women to pursue careers in science, engineering and construction.[77] Her extensive work for St. John Ambulance as Commandant-in-Chief of St. John Ambulance Cadets has helped to develop many young people, as she annually attends the Grand Prior Award Reception.[78][79] She is patron of St. Andrew's First Aid.[80][81] She is a British representative in the International Olympic Committee as an administrator,[82] and was a member of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games.[83] She also serves as president of the British Olympic Association. She was president of BAFTA from 1973 to 2001.[84] In 1985 she became president of the Riding for the Disabled Association after serving as their patron for fourteen years.[85] In 1986 she was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Carmen.[86] She maintains a relationship with student sport and is the patron of British Universities and Colleges Sport.[87] She has been patron of the Royal National Children's Foundation since 2002[88][89] and the industrial heritage museum, Aerospace Bristol, since 2016.[90]
Following the retirement of the Queen Mother in 1981, Anne was elected by graduates of the University of London as the Chancellor, and has been in the position since that year.[91] Throughout May 1996, Anne served as Her Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and held the post again in 2017.[92] In 2001, she became Master of the Worshipful Company of Farmers. In 2007, she was appointed by the Queen as Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, a position her grandmother had also held.[93] She is a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society[94] and the Academy of Medical Sciences.[95] Royal Fellows are members of the royal family who are recommended and elected by the Society's Council. The Royal Society as of 2022[update] has four Royal Fellows: Anne; William, Prince of Wales; Edward, Duke of Kent; and King Charles.[96] She is the Academy of Medical Sciences' first Royal Fellow.[95]
Anne was elected Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh effective 31 March 2011, succeeding her father, who stepped down from the role in 2010.[97] Likewise, she accepted in 2011 the roles of president of City and Guilds of London Institute,[98] Master of the Corporation of Trinity House[99][100] and president of the Royal Society of Arts, also in succession to her father. Anne has been the president of the Commonwealth Study Conference, an initiative founded by her father.[101][102] In 2023, she succeeded the Duke of Kent as president of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[103] She is also patron of the Royal College of Occupational Therapists,[104] Royal College of Midwives,[105] Magpas Air Ambulance,[106] Edinburgh University's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies,[107] Royal Holloway, University of London,[108][109] International Students House, London,[110][111] Acid Survivors Trust International,[112] Townswomen's Guilds,[113] Citizens Advice,[114] the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo,[115] and the Scottish Rugby Union.[116]
Anne represented Great Britain in the International Olympic Committee at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics in Russia.[117] In August 2016, she returned to the country to visit the Russian city of Arkhangelsk for the 75th anniversary of Operation Dervish, which was one of the first Arctic convoys of World War II.[118] In September 2016, the Princess had a chest infection and was required to cancel official engagements.[119] In late October 2016, she visited the Malaysian state of Sarawak for a two-day study tour.[120] In 2017, she became Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and a Governor of Gresham's School.[121] In 2021, she became patron of Mercy Ships, an international charity that operates the largest non-governmental hospital ships in the world.[122]
In April 2022, Anne and her husband toured Australia and Papua New Guinea to mark the Queen's Platinum Jubilee.[123][124] In the same year, Anne was named honorary chair of National Lighthouse Museum's Illuminating Future Generations campaign, a project aimed at rasising funds for the museum's gallery space.[125]
On 12 September 2022, in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, Anne became the first woman to participate in a Vigil of the Princes, guarding her mother's coffin.[126] This was repeated at Westminster Hall on 16 September.[127] It was later revealed that she had been the informant at her mother's death at Balmoral, a witness who signs, along with the doctor, the death certificate.[128]
Public image and style edit
Anne has been called the royal family's "trustiest anchor" and a "beacon of good, old-fashioned public service", having carried out over 20,000 engagements since her 18th birthday.[129] In her early adulthood, she was cited as a "royal renegade" for choosing to forgo titles for her children despite being the "spare to the heir".[130] The media often called the young Anne "aloof" and "haughty", giving her the nickname "her royal rudeness".[129] She spurred controversy for telling photographers to "naff off" at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1982.[131] Vanity Fair wrote that Anne "has a reputation for having inherited her father's famously sharp tongue and waspish wit".[131] Of her early public role, she has said: "It's not just about 'can I get a tick in the box for doing this?' No, it's about serving…It took me probably 10 years before I really felt confident enough to contribute to Save the Children's public debates because you needed to understand how it works on the ground and that needed a very wide coverage. So my early trips were really important."[131] Anne has been frequently named the "hardest working royal",[132][133] and she carried out 11,088 engagements between 2002 and 2022, more than any other member of the royal family.[134]
Anne remains one of Britain's most popular royals.[135][136][137] Telegraph Editor Camilla Tominey called her a "national treasure", writing that she is "hailed as one of the great English eccentrics", whose work ethic contributes to her regard.[130] Tominey wrote that Anne's public role is a "contradiction of both protocol taskmaster and occasional rule-breaker".[129] Reportedly, Anne "insists on doing her own make-up and hair" and drives herself to engagements, having pleaded guilty to two separate speeding fines on account of being late.[129][138] She does not shake hands with the public during walkabouts, saying, "the theory was that you couldn't shake hands with everybody, so don't start."[129] Members of the public have seen her "mending fences at Gatcombe" and "queuing up for the Portaloos" at her daughter's horse competitions.[129] Her reputation is also coupled with her advocacy for causes out of the mainstream, such as Wetwheels Foundation's commitment to accessible sailing and the National Lighthouse Museum.[129] On her 60th and 70th birthdays, the BBC and Vanity Fair both asked whether she would retire, and she denied it both times, citing her parents' example as well as her commitment to her royal duties.[131] Anne's public personality has been described as "not suffering fools lightly" while maintaining a "still-impressive level of grace and courtesy".[139][140]
British Vogue editor Edward Enninful has said that "Princess Anne is a true style icon and was all about sustainable fashion before the rest of us really knew what that meant".[131] Her style has been noted for its timelessness; she relies almost solely on British fashion brands, with tweed and tailored suits as her hallmarks.[131] She is known for recycling outfits, such as her floral-print dress worn both to the wedding of the Prince of Wales in 1981 and the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor in 2008.[141] Anne is the patron of U.K. Fashion and Textile Association.[142] She has been noted for wearing "bold patterns and vibrant pops of colour".[143] Her style choices often reflect her equestrian interests as well as the practicality of her fast-paced schedule.[144][131] In the 1970s and 1980s, she was often photographed wearing trends such as puff sleeves, cardigans, bright floral patterns, and multicoloured stripes.[143][145] Anne is also one of the few women in the royal family to wear a military uniform.[143] According to The Guardian, she is "rarely seen without a brooch" during royal events.[145] Her millinery styles have included jockey caps and hats of multiple colours and bold patterns.[145] She presented the Queen Elizabeth II award for British design at London Fashion Week in 2020.[145] Anne has appeared on three British Vogue covers; after first appearing on the 1971 September issue at age 21, she also featured in the May and November 1973 issues, commemorating her engagement to Mark Phillips.[146][147][148] She was featured in the cover story for the May 2020 issue of Vanity Fair.[149]
Anne is the first member of the royal family to have been convicted of a criminal offence.[150] In November 2002, she pleaded guilty to one charge of having a dog dangerously out of control, an offence under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and was fined £500.[151][152]
Titles, styles, honours and arms edit
Titles and styles edit
Anne is the seventh Princess Royal,[4] an appellation given only to the eldest daughter of the sovereign. The previous holder was King George V's daughter, Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood, Anne's grandaunt.
Arms edit
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Issue edit
| Name | Birth | Marriage | Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Phillips | 15 November 1977 | 17 May 2008 Divorced 14 June 2021 | Savannah Phillips | |
| Zara Phillips | 15 May 1981 | 30 July 2011 | Mike Tindall | Mia Tindall |
Ancestry edit
The Princess Royal's ancestry can be traced as far back as Cerdic, King of Wessex (519–534).[155]
| Ancestors of Anne, Princess Royal[156] |
|---|
Bibliography edit
Guest-editor edit
- "HRH The Princess Royal: Guest Editor". Country Life. 29 July 2020.
Notes edit
- ^ Anne does not usually use a family name but when one is needed, it is Mountbatten-Windsor.[1]
- ^ a b The Perth Agreement and the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 modified the line of succession to the British throne to absolute primogeniture; however, this was applied only to those born after the Agreement, so neither the Princess Royal nor her descendants at the time were moved ahead in the line.
- ^ Her godparents were the Queen (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; her maternal grandmother); the Hereditary Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (her paternal aunt); Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (her paternal grandmother); Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (her paternal great-uncle); and Andrew Elphinstone (her first cousin once removed).[12]
References edit
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- ^ Winsor, Morgan (8 September 2022). "Queen Elizabeth dies at 96: How the British royal line of succession changes". abcnews.go.com. ABC. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette of Friday, 12th June 1987". London Gazette (50947). 13 June 1987.
- ^ a b "Princess Anne's colourful royal career". BBC. 21 November 2002. from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ^ Reslen, Eileen (12 August 2018). "Why Princess Charlotte Won't Automatically Inherit the Title of Princess Royal". Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ . British Eventing Governing Body. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ a b "The Princess Royal and the Olympics". The Royal Family. 29 July 2016. from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ Llewely, Abbie (29 September 2020). "Boris Johnson's frank assessment of Princess Anne exposed". Express. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ a b "The Princess Royal". The Royal Family. 17 September 2022.
- ^ "No. 38995". The London Gazette. 16 August 1950. p. 4197.
- ^ "1950: Princess gives birth to second child". BBC. 15 August 1950. from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ^ "The Christening of Princess Anne". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ Winsor, Morgan (8 September 2022). "Queen Elizabeth dies at 96: How the British royal line of succession changes". abcnews.go.com. ABC. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ a b c . Buckingham Palace. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
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Andrew is also a close friend of the Princess Anne, and dated her in 1970.
- ^ Saunt, Raven (11 September 2022). "Camilla, Queen Consort: The duties that come with her new royal title". The Telegraph.
- ^ MacKelden, Amy (15 November 2020). "The Crown Doesn't Do Justice to Princess Anne's Real-Life Relationships". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Princess Anne's Groundbreaking Equestrian Career". Biography. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Searcey, Ian (22 July 2012). "Olympic archive: equestrian Princess Anne (1972)". Channel 4. from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ Corrigan, Peter (14 December 2003). "Bravo for Jonny but Beeb need new act". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
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- ^ "HM The Queen (1926-2022)". Badminton. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ About FEI – History 16 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, FEI official site; retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ Ciara.Berry (1 April 2016). "The Princess Royal and Riding for the Disabled". The Royal Family. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ a b Longworth, R. C. (1 September 1989). "Princess Anne To Separate From Husband". Chicago Tribune. from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ . BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "Iconic weddings: Princess Anne and Mark Phillips". Hello!. 27 July 2011. from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ . UPI.com. 1973. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- ^ "1977: Princess Anne gives birth to Master Phillips". BBC News.
- ^ As female-line descendants of royalty, the children have no title despite being the grandchildren of a monarch. (They are not the only children of a British princess without titles; the children of Princess Alexandra, the Queen's cousin, are also untitled.)
- ^ . royal.uk. 2 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017.
- ^ "But No Divorce Is Planned : Princess Anne, Husband Split". Los Angeles Times. 31 August 1989. from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ a b Kaufman, Joanne; Cooper, Jonathan (24 April 1989). "A Crisis Rocks a Royal Marriage". People. from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "1989: Royal couple to separate". BBC. 31 August 1989. from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ Rule, Sheila (1 September 1989). "Princess Anne and Husband Agree to Separate". The New York Times. from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ "Princess Anne's Divorce Final". Deseret News. 23 April 1992. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ Brozan, Nadine (24 April 1992). "Chronicle". The New York Times.
- ^ "In Quiet Scottish Ceremony, Anne Marries Naval Officer". The New York Times. 13 December 1992. from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ a b "1992: Princess Royal remarries". BBC. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ Tuohy, William (13 December 1992). "Britain's Princess Anne Remarries : Wedding: Scottish ceremony brings a tiny bit of joy to a year that saw more than one royal marriage fail". Los Angeles Times. from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "Worship on the Web" (PDF). Church of Scotland. (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ In 2002, the Church of England agreed that divorced persons could remarry in church under certain circumstances, but the matter is left to the discretion of the parish priest.
- ^ . The Church of England. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ "Royal wedding dresses through the years". The Daily Telegraph. 7 August 2015. from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ Chang, Mahalia (27 November 2017). "A Very Thorough History Of British Royal Engagement Rings". Harper's Bazaar Australia. from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ a b c Daily Express, 21 August 2006
- ^ a b "On This Day > 20 March > 1974: Kidnap attempt on Princess Anne". BBC. 20 March 1974. from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ Roy Greenslade (17 July 2004). "Obituary: Brian McConnell". The Guardian. UK. from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ "Princess foiled 1974 kidnap plot". BBC. 1 January 2005. from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ Agence France-Presse (2 January 2005). "Kidnap the Princess? Not bloody likely!". The Age. from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Royal Rewind – kidnap attempt on Princess Anne". The Crown Chronicles. 20 March 2017. from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ^ "No. 46354". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 September 1974. pp. 8013–8014.
- ^ "Man Who Thwarted Princess Anne's Kidnapping did not have his mortgage paid by the Queen". 3 March 2020.
- ^ Low, Valentine (10 February 2020). "Princess Anne's bodyguard relives night he was shot foiling her kidnap". The Times. UK: News UK. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- ^ Easton, Kaitlin (12 September 2022). "Iconic moment Queen's daughter Princess Anne snapped back at crazed gunman". Daily Record.
- ^ Dunn, Emma. "Swindon Speedway boss Ronnie Russell recalls the night he saved Princess Anne". The Swindon Advertiser. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ Davison, Janet (7 November 2014). "Princess Anne's Ottawa tour will honour 'everyday heroes'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Bannerman, Lucy (29 December 2017). "Princess Anne crowned busiest royal". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ "Princess Anne Was the Hardest Working Member of the Royal Family This Year". Town & Country. 29 December 2017. from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ "HM The Queen is greeted by King Olav of Norway. [Royal visit to Norway, 1969] Aug 1969". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Princess Anne's Life In Photos". Elle Magazine. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Princess Anne's Life In Photos – 1969". Elle Magazine. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
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External links edit
- The Princess Royal at the royal family website
- The Princess Royal at the website of the Government of Canada
- Portraits of Princess Anne at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Princess Anne at IMDb
- Appearances on C-SPAN