fbpx
Wikipedia

Time in New Zealand

December 02, 2023

"NZT" redirects here. For other uses, see NZT (disambiguation).

Time zone Standard time Daylight time
New Zealand UTC+12:00 UTC+13:00
Chatham Islands UTC+12:45 UTC+13:45

Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike),[1] while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC / military M^ (Mike-Three).[1][2]

During summer months – from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April – daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.[3]

New Zealand's associated states – the Cook Islands and Niue – and the dependent territory of Tokelau use several different time zones at their own discretion.

History edit

On 2 November 1868, New Zealand officially adopted a standard time to be observed nationally, and was the first country to do so, about fifteen years before any other. Chatham Island was 45 minutes ahead of mainland New Zealand [twelve hours and fifteen minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time].[4][5] It was based on longitude 172° 30′ East of Greenwich, 11+1⁄2 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).[6] This standard was known as New Zealand Mean Time (NZMT).[7]

In 1941, during the Second World War, clocks were advanced half an hour, to reduce electric power use[8] making New Zealand 12 hours ahead of GMT. This change was made permanent from 1946 by the Standard Time Act 1945,[9] at which the time at the 180°E meridian was made the basis for New Zealand Time.[10] NZST remained half an hour ahead of NZMT, and the Chatham Islands 45 minutes ahead of NZST.

 
The use of atomic clocks, which can measure time extremely accurately, led to the adoption of UTC. This was incorporated into New Zealand law in 1974.

In the late 1940s the atomic clock was developed and several laboratories began atomic time scales. A new time scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) was adopted internationally in 1972.[11] This was based on the readings of atomic clocks, updated periodically in accordance with time variations in the Earth's rotation by the addition or deletion of seconds (called leap seconds). The Time Act 1974 defines New Zealand Standard Time as 12 hours in advance of UTC.[12]

In 2011, the New Zealand dependency of Tokelau moved its time zone forward by 24 hours, by skipping 30 December.[13]

Daylight saving time (DST) edit

Starting in 1909, a member of Parliament, Sir Thomas Kay Sidey annually put forward a bill to advance the clocks an hour from September to the following March and the Summer Time Act 1927 succeeded.[14] In 1927, clocks were advanced by an hour from first Sunday in November to the first Sunday in March. This proved unpopular, so the Summer Time Act 1928 revised this to a half-hour shift from 14 October 1928 (second Sunday) to 17 March 1929 (third Sunday), then the Summer Time Act 1929 permanently fixed this half-hour shift to run from the second Sunday in October to the third Sunday in March every year. In 1933, the period was extended from the first Sunday in September to the last Sunday in April. This continued until the Second World War, when emergency regulations in 1941 extended daylight saving to cover the whole year with annual re-applications until the Standard Time Act 1945 made the abandonment of NZMT permanent in 1946, so that 180° becomes the base longitude and what was called NZ Summer Time (NZST) became NZ Standard Time.

The Time Act 1974 empowered the governor-general to declare by Order in Council a period when daylight saving time is to be observed.[12] This was a one-hour shift (on top of the earlier half-hour shift) from the first Sunday in November to the last Sunday in February, promptly changed the next year by The New Zealand Time Order 1975 which fixed the period of observance from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in March.

In 1985 a comprehensive survey was undertaken by the Department of Internal Affairs. Public attitudes towards NZDT (New Zealand Daylight Time) and its effects on work, recreation and particular groups of people in society were surveyed. The survey indicated that 76.2% of the population wanted NZDT either continued or extended.[15]

 
The strongest opposition to DST has traditionally come from dairy farmers[16] due to disrupted schedules and shorter working times.

The survey also concluded that opinion on the topic differed little between sexes, and that support for NZDT was generally higher in urban centres. Daylight saving was famously opposed in the small Northland dairy farming community of Ararua,[16] which refused to adjust its clocks for some years. Support for shortening or abolishing NZDT was always in the minority in the areas surveyed.

As a consequence of the survey and further feedback from the public, in 1988 the Minister of Internal Affairs arranged for a trial period of extended NZDT to be held from the second Sunday in October 1989 to the third Sunday in March 1990. The Minister invited the public to write to him with their views on the five-week extension.[15]

The Daylight Time Order 1990 declared that NZDT would run from 02:00 NZST on the first Sunday in October to 03:00 NZDT on the third Sunday in March.[9]

On 30 April 2007 the government announced that it had extended the daylight saving period from 24 to 27 weeks.[17] From September 2007, daylight saving is now observed from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April. From 30 April 2007, DST begins at 02:00 NZST on the last Sunday in September each year, and ends at 03:00 NZDT (or 02:00 NZST as defined in the 1974 Act) on the first Sunday in April.

New Zealand time, including DST, is used by several Antarctic bases that are supplied from New Zealand. This results in the oddity that the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station sets its clocks an hour further ahead during the southern summer, when the sun is constantly above the horizon, than in the southern winter, when the sun is constantly below the horizon. The extreme geographic position of the base means that no possible adjustment of the daily activity cycle can have any effect on the amount of sunlight received during those activities. However, the arrangement presumably makes real time communications with New Zealand more practical, particularly in dealing with offices.

The other countries in the Realm of New Zealand – Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau – do not maintain DST. Two of them are on the other side of the International Date Line and have 22–24 hours time difference to New Zealand.

The following table lists recent and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the main islands of New Zealand:

Year End Start
2022 3 April 25 September
2023 2 April 24 September
2024 7 April 29 September
2025 6 April 28 September
2026 5 April 27 September
2027 4 April 26 September

Standards edit

New Zealand standard time is maintained by the Measurement Standards Laboratory (MSL), part of New Zealand Government. New Zealand standard time is based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC is kept within 200 nanoseconds of the international atomic time scale maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris.[11]

It is disseminated by various means, including time pips broadcast on Radio New Zealand,[18] speaking clock and Network Time Protocol.[19]

Dependencies and associated states edit

There are two associated states of New Zealand in the Pacific Ocean, both on the other side of the International Date Line:

  • The Cook Islands are in the UTC−10:00 time zone or Military W (Whiskey)[1] and do not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in the Cook Islands are 22 or 23 hours behind New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is 13:00 or 14:00 on Wednesday in the Cook Islands.
  • Niue is in the UTC−11:00 time zone or Military X (X-ray)[1] and does not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in Niue are 23 or 24 hours behind New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is noon or 1 pm on Wednesday in Niue.

The New Zealand dependency of Tokelau is in the UTC+13:00 time zone[20] or Military M' (Mike Prime)[1] and does not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in Tokelau are set to the same time as or 1 hour ahead of New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is 12:00 or 13:00 on Thursday in Tokelau.

The Ross Dependency, McMurdo Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica maintain NZST/NZDT.[21]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Military time zone chart of the World". worldtimezone.com. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  2. ^ "Time Act 1974". New Zealand Legislation. 30 March 1987. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  3. ^ "New Zealand Daylight Time Order 2007 (SR 2007/185) (as at 06 July 2007) – New Zealand Legislation". legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  4. ^ Biswell, Shelly Farr; Nester, Richard (November–December 2007). "Time". New Zealand Geographic. 88.
  5. ^ King, Thomas (1902). "On New Zealand Mean Time, and on the Longitude of the Colonial Observatory, Wellington; with a Note on the Universal Time Question". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 35: 428–451.
  6. ^ "Evening Post — 8 April 1929 — OUR TIME". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 2011. from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  7. ^ Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute (1868). Vol. 1. May 1869. p. 48.
  8. ^ "Daylight Saving Extension Proposal - Saving electric power". Gisborne Herald. Vol. LXVIII, no. 20502. 12 March 1941. p. 11.
  9. ^ a b "Daylight Saving History". dia.govt.nz. The Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Standard Time Act 1945 (9 GEO VI 1945 No 15)". nzlii.org. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  11. ^ a b "COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC) (CCTF/09-32)" (PDF). Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. p. 3. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Time Act 1974 No 39 (as at 30 March 1987), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation". legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  13. ^ "Tokelau to follow Samoa on dateline switch". Radio New Zealand International. 29 September 2011. from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  14. ^ Olssen, Erik (1996). Sidey, Thomas Kay. Retrieved 5 May 2020. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)
  15. ^ a b Pearce, Chris (6 April 2017). The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy. Australian eBook Publisher. ISBN 9781925516968. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  16. ^ a b "Ararua time". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  17. ^ "Daylight Saving". The Department of Internal Affairs. 3 April 2023.
  18. ^ "Radio New Zealand's pips are being fixed". Radio New Zealand. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  19. ^ "Time and Frequency Standards Services". Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand. MSL. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  20. ^ Tokelau in wrong time zone?, Time zone database.
  21. ^ "Time Zones in Antarctica". Retrieved 4 May 2017.

External links edit

  • Measurement Standards Laboratory
  • "Time Zones of New Zealand". Statoids.
  • Daylight Saving page from The Department of Internal Affairs.
  • Timekeeping in Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand

December 02, 2023
time, zealand, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, time, zone, standard, time, daylight, timenew, zealand, 00chatham, islands, divided, into, standard, time, zones, main, islands, zealand, standard, time, nzst, hours, advance, coordinated, universal,. NZT redirects here For other uses see NZT disambiguation Time zone Standard time Daylight timeNew Zealand UTC 12 00 UTC 13 00Chatham Islands UTC 12 45 UTC 13 45Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time NZST 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time UTC military M Mike 1 while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time CHAST 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC military M Mike Three 1 2 During summer months from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour New Zealand Daylight Time NZDT is 13 hours ahead of UTC and Chatham Daylight Time CHADT 13 hours 45 minutes ahead 3 New Zealand s associated states the Cook Islands and Niue and the dependent territory of Tokelau use several different time zones at their own discretion Contents 1 History 2 Daylight saving time DST 3 Standards 4 Dependencies and associated states 5 References 6 External linksHistory editOn 2 November 1868 New Zealand officially adopted a standard time to be observed nationally and was the first country to do so about fifteen years before any other Chatham Island was 45 minutes ahead of mainland New Zealand twelve hours and fifteen minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time 4 5 It was based on longitude 172 30 East of Greenwich 11 1 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time GMT 6 This standard was known as New Zealand Mean Time NZMT 7 In 1941 during the Second World War clocks were advanced half an hour to reduce electric power use 8 making New Zealand 12 hours ahead of GMT This change was made permanent from 1946 by the Standard Time Act 1945 9 at which the time at the 180 E meridian was made the basis for New Zealand Time 10 NZST remained half an hour ahead of NZMT and the Chatham Islands 45 minutes ahead of NZST nbsp The use of atomic clocks which can measure time extremely accurately led to the adoption of UTC This was incorporated into New Zealand law in 1974 In the late 1940s the atomic clock was developed and several laboratories began atomic time scales A new time scale known as Coordinated Universal Time UTC was adopted internationally in 1972 11 This was based on the readings of atomic clocks updated periodically in accordance with time variations in the Earth s rotation by the addition or deletion of seconds called leap seconds The Time Act 1974 defines New Zealand Standard Time as 12 hours in advance of UTC 12 In 2011 the New Zealand dependency of Tokelau moved its time zone forward by 24 hours by skipping 30 December 13 Daylight saving time DST editStarting in 1909 a member of Parliament Sir Thomas Kay Sidey annually put forward a bill to advance the clocks an hour from September to the following March and the Summer Time Act 1927 succeeded 14 In 1927 clocks were advanced by an hour from first Sunday in November to the first Sunday in March This proved unpopular so the Summer Time Act 1928 revised this to a half hour shift from 14 October 1928 second Sunday to 17 March 1929 third Sunday then the Summer Time Act 1929 permanently fixed this half hour shift to run from the second Sunday in October to the third Sunday in March every year In 1933 the period was extended from the first Sunday in September to the last Sunday in April This continued until the Second World War when emergency regulations in 1941 extended daylight saving to cover the whole year with annual re applications until the Standard Time Act 1945 made the abandonment of NZMT permanent in 1946 so that 180 becomes the base longitude and what was called NZ Summer Time NZST became NZ Standard Time The Time Act 1974 empowered the governor general to declare by Order in Council a period when daylight saving time is to be observed 12 This was a one hour shift on top of the earlier half hour shift from the first Sunday in November to the last Sunday in February promptly changed the next year by The New Zealand Time Order 1975 which fixed the period of observance from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in March In 1985 a comprehensive survey was undertaken by the Department of Internal Affairs Public attitudes towards NZDT New Zealand Daylight Time and its effects on work recreation and particular groups of people in society were surveyed The survey indicated that 76 2 of the population wanted NZDT either continued or extended 15 nbsp The strongest opposition to DST has traditionally come from dairy farmers 16 due to disrupted schedules and shorter working times The survey also concluded that opinion on the topic differed little between sexes and that support for NZDT was generally higher in urban centres Daylight saving was famously opposed in the small Northland dairy farming community of Ararua 16 which refused to adjust its clocks for some years Support for shortening or abolishing NZDT was always in the minority in the areas surveyed As a consequence of the survey and further feedback from the public in 1988 the Minister of Internal Affairs arranged for a trial period of extended NZDT to be held from the second Sunday in October 1989 to the third Sunday in March 1990 The Minister invited the public to write to him with their views on the five week extension 15 The Daylight Time Order 1990 declared that NZDT would run from 02 00 NZST on the first Sunday in October to 03 00 NZDT on the third Sunday in March 9 On 30 April 2007 the government announced that it had extended the daylight saving period from 24 to 27 weeks 17 From September 2007 daylight saving is now observed from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April From 30 April 2007 DST begins at 02 00 NZST on the last Sunday in September each year and ends at 03 00 NZDT or 02 00 NZST as defined in the 1974 Act on the first Sunday in April New Zealand time including DST is used by several Antarctic bases that are supplied from New Zealand This results in the oddity that the Amundsen Scott South Pole Station sets its clocks an hour further ahead during the southern summer when the sun is constantly above the horizon than in the southern winter when the sun is constantly below the horizon The extreme geographic position of the base means that no possible adjustment of the daily activity cycle can have any effect on the amount of sunlight received during those activities However the arrangement presumably makes real time communications with New Zealand more practical particularly in dealing with offices The other countries in the Realm of New Zealand Cook Islands Niue and Tokelau do not maintain DST Two of them are on the other side of the International Date Line and have 22 24 hours time difference to New Zealand The following table lists recent and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the main islands of New Zealand Year End Start2022 3 April 25 September2023 2 April 24 September2024 7 April 29 September2025 6 April 28 September2026 5 April 27 September2027 4 April 26 SeptemberStandards editNew Zealand standard time is maintained by the Measurement Standards Laboratory MSL part of New Zealand Government New Zealand standard time is based on Coordinated Universal Time UTC UTC is kept within 200 nanoseconds of the international atomic time scale maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris 11 It is disseminated by various means including time pips broadcast on Radio New Zealand 18 speaking clock and Network Time Protocol 19 Dependencies and associated states editTime zone Standard time Daylight timeTokelau UTC 13 00Cook Islands UTC 10 00Niue UTC 11 00Ross Dependency UTC 12 00 UTC 13 00There are two associated states of New Zealand in the Pacific Ocean both on the other side of the International Date Line The Cook Islands are in the UTC 10 00 time zone or Military W Whiskey 1 and do not observe daylight saving time Clocks in the Cook Islands are 22 or 23 hours behind New Zealand at noon on Thursday in New Zealand it is 13 00 or 14 00 on Wednesday in the Cook Islands Niue is in the UTC 11 00 time zone or Military X X ray 1 and does not observe daylight saving time Clocks in Niue are 23 or 24 hours behind New Zealand at noon on Thursday in New Zealand it is noon or 1 pm on Wednesday in Niue The New Zealand dependency of Tokelau is in the UTC 13 00 time zone 20 or Military M Mike Prime 1 and does not observe daylight saving time Clocks in Tokelau are set to the same time as or 1 hour ahead of New Zealand at noon on Thursday in New Zealand it is 12 00 or 13 00 on Thursday in Tokelau The Ross Dependency McMurdo Station and Amundsen Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica maintain NZST NZDT 21 References edit a b c d e Military time zone chart of the World worldtimezone com Retrieved 22 June 2018 Time Act 1974 New Zealand Legislation 30 March 1987 Retrieved 29 July 2017 New Zealand Daylight Time Order 2007 SR 2007 185 as at 06 July 2007 New Zealand Legislation legislation govt nz Retrieved 4 May 2017 Biswell Shelly Farr Nester Richard November December 2007 Time New Zealand Geographic 88 King Thomas 1902 On New Zealand Mean Time and on the Longitude of the Colonial Observatory Wellington with a Note on the Universal Time Question Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 35 428 451 Evening Post 8 April 1929 OUR TIME paperspast natlib govt nz 2011 Archived from the original on 19 September 2018 Retrieved 24 October 2011 Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 1868 Vol 1 May 1869 p 48 Daylight Saving Extension Proposal Saving electric power Gisborne Herald Vol LXVIII no 20502 12 March 1941 p 11 a b Daylight Saving History dia govt nz The Department of Internal Affairs Retrieved 4 May 2017 Standard Time Act 1945 9 GEO VI 1945 No 15 nzlii org Retrieved 4 May 2017 a b COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME UTC CCTF 09 32 PDF Bureau International des Poids et Mesures p 3 Retrieved 5 October 2022 a b Time Act 1974 No 39 as at 30 March 1987 Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation legislation govt nz Retrieved 4 May 2017 Tokelau to follow Samoa on dateline switch Radio New Zealand International 29 September 2011 Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 Retrieved 22 November 2011 Olssen Erik 1996 Sidey Thomas Kay Retrieved 5 May 2020 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a work ignored help a b Pearce Chris 6 April 2017 The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy Australian eBook Publisher ISBN 9781925516968 Retrieved 4 May 2017 a b Ararua time Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand Retrieved 6 February 2010 Daylight Saving The Department of Internal Affairs 3 April 2023 Radio New Zealand s pips are being fixed Radio New Zealand 1 October 2013 Retrieved 4 May 2017 Time and Frequency Standards Services Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand MSL Retrieved 8 December 2017 Tokelau in wrong time zone Time zone database Time Zones in Antarctica Retrieved 4 May 2017 External links editMeasurement Standards Laboratory Time Zones of New Zealand Statoids Daylight Saving page from The Department of Internal Affairs Timekeeping in Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Time in New Zealand amp oldid 1183731225, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.