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1540s

December 14, 2023

The 1540s decade ran from 1 January 1540, to 31 December 1549.

Events

1540

This section is transcluded from 1540. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1541

This section is transcluded from 1541. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1542

This section is transcluded from 1542. (edit | history)

January–June edit

June–December edit

Date unknown edit

1543

This section is transcluded from 1543. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1544

This section is transcluded from 1544. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1545

This section is transcluded from 1545. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Undated edit

1546

This section is transcluded from 1546. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1547

This section is transcluded from 1547. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

1548

This section is transcluded from 1548. (edit | history)

January–June edit

July–December edit

1549

This section is transcluded from 1549. (edit | history)
 
The Book of Common Prayer is introduced in England.

January–June edit

July–December edit

Date unknown edit

Births

Transcluding articles: 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, and 1549

1540

 
John Sigismund Zápolya
 
Princess Cecilia of Sweden

1541

1542

 
Isabella de' Medici
 
Henriette of Cleves

1543

 
Tokugawa Ieyasu

1544

 
Dorothea Susanne of Simmern
 
Anna of Saxony

1545

 
Elisabeth of Valois
 
Anna Maria of Sweden

1546

 
Tycho Brahe

1547

 
Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg
 
Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
 
Miguel de Cervantes
 
Princess Sophia of Sweden
 
Claude of Valois

1548

 
Francisco Suarez
 
William V, Duke of Bavaria

1549

 
Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville
 
Duchess Sabine of Württemberg
 
Anne of Austria, Queen of Spain

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, and 1549

1540

 
Angela Merici
 
Thomas Cromwell
 
Lebna Dengel

1541

 
Francisco Pizarro
 
Pedro de Alvarado
 
Henry IV, Duke of Saxony

1542

 
James V of Scotland

1543

 
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
 
Nicolaus Copernicus
 
Hans Holbein the Younger
 
Gian Matteo Giberti

1544

 
Johannes Magnus

1545

 
Louis X, Duke of Bavaria

1546

 
Martin Luther
 
Hayreddin Barbarossa

1547

 
King Henry VIII of England
 
King Francis I of France
 
Saint Cajetan
 
Hernán Cortés

1548

 
King Sigismund I the Old
 
Saint Juan de Zumarraga
 
Joao de Castro

1549

 
Pope Paul III

References edit

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December 14, 2023
1540s, decade, from, january, 1540, december, 1549, contents, events, 1540, january, june, july, december, date, unknown, 1541, january, june, july, december, date, unknown, 1542, january, june, june, december, date, unknown, 1543, january, june, july, decembe. The 1540s decade ran from 1 January 1540 to 31 December 1549 Contents 1 Events 1 1 1540 1 1 1 January June 1 1 2 July December 1 1 3 Date unknown 1 2 1541 1 2 1 January June 1 2 2 July December 1 2 3 Date unknown 1 3 1542 1 3 1 January June 1 3 2 June December 1 3 3 Date unknown 1 4 1543 1 4 1 January June 1 4 2 July December 1 4 3 Date unknown 1 5 1544 1 5 1 January June 1 5 2 July December 1 5 3 Date unknown 1 6 1545 1 6 1 January June 1 6 2 July December 1 6 3 Undated 1 7 1546 1 7 1 January June 1 7 2 July December 1 7 3 Date unknown 1 8 1547 1 8 1 January June 1 8 2 July December 1 8 3 Date unknown 1 9 1548 1 9 1 January June 1 9 2 July December 1 10 1549 1 10 1 January June 1 10 2 July December 1 10 3 Date unknown 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 ReferencesEvents1540 This section is transcluded from 1540 edit history January June edit January 6 King Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves his fourth Queen consort the marriage lasts six months 1 February 14 Charles V Holy Roman Emperor enters Ghent without resistance and executes rebels ending the Revolt of Ghent 1539 1540 March 23 Waltham Abbey is the last to be closed as part of Henry VIII of England s dissolution of the monasteries April The English cathedral priories of Canterbury and Rochester are transformed into secular cathedral chapters concluding the Dissolution of the Monasteries May 17 Battle of Kannauj Sher Shah Suri defeats and deposes Mughal Emperor Humayan establishing the Sur Empire July December edit July 7 Spanish conquistador Francisco Vazquez de Coronado captures Hawikuh in modern day New Mexico at this time known as part of Cibola but fails to find the legendary gold July 9 King Henry VIII of England s marriage to Anne of Cleves his fourth Queen consort is annulled 2 July 28 Thomas Cromwell is executed for treason on the orders of king Henry VIII of England Henry marries his fifth wife Catherine Howard on the same day 2 August 15 In Peru Spanish captain Garci Manuel de Carbajal founds the Villa Hermosa de Arequipa one year later Charles V of Germany and I of Spain will give the valley a status of city by royal decree September Gibraltar is sacked by the fleet of Barbary pirate Ali Hamet a Sardinian renegade in the service of the Ottoman Empire and many of its leading citizens are taken as captives to Penon de Velez de la Gomera in Morocco 3 This leads to construction of the defensive Charles V Wall at this time known as the Muralla de San Benito September 3 Gelawdewos succeeds his father Lebna Dengel as Emperor of Ethiopia September 27 The Society of Jesus Jesuits is approved by Pope Paul III in his bull Regimini militantis Ecclesiae October 1 Battle of Alboran A Habsburg Spanish fleet under the command of Bernardino de Mendoza destroys an Ottoman fleet commanded by Ali Hamet off Alboran Island in the Mediterranean October 18 An expedition led by Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto destroys the fortified village of Mabila in modern day Alabama killing paramount chief Tuskaloosa Date unknown edit Europe is hit by a heat wave and drought lasting for about seven months Rivers such as the Rhine and Seine dry up and many people die from dysentery and other illnesses caused by lack of safe drinking water 4 Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima in Danzig an abstract of Copernicus as yet unpublished De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and the first printed publication of Copernican heliocentrism Martin Luther expels theologian Caspar Schwenckfeld from Silesia approximate date The musket is introduced into Japan from Europe 1541 This section is transcluded from 1541 edit history January June edit February 12 Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago del Nuevo Extremo which will become the capital of Chile 5 6 April 7 Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies 7 April 24 Battle of Sahart Gelawdewos is defeated by the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi 8 May 8 Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River naming it the Rio de Espiritu Santo River of the Holy Spirit 9 10 May 23 Jacques Cartier departs from Saint Malo France on his third voyage 11 June 18 By the Crown of Ireland Act the Parliament of Ireland declares King Henry VIII of England and his heirs to be Kings of Ireland replacing the Lordship of Ireland with the Kingdom of Ireland 12 July December edit July 9 Estevao da Gama departs Massawa leaving behind 400 matchlock men and 150 slaves under his brother Cristovao da Gama with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia to defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi who had invaded his Empire August 21 The Janissaries of Suleiman the Magnificent besiege Buda wounding Wilhelm von Roggendorf who dies from his wounds on the way to Komarno a few days later 13 September 9 11 Spanish noblewoman Beatriz de la Cueva serves as governor of the colony of Guatemala before she is killed in a mudslide from Volcan de Agua which ruins the capital city Ciudad Vieja 14 September 13 After three years of exile John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine that comes to be known as Calvinism 15 16 October 7 Through royal decree the city of Arequipa is granted its coat of arms 17 October November Charles V Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain personally leads a disastrous expedition against the Regency of Algiers 18 Date unknown edit Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent seals off The Golden Gate in Jerusalem 19 likely because of a prophecy that that the Messiah would return through this gate to Jerusalem 20 Iceland adopts the Lutheran faith 21 Gerardus Mercator makes his first globe 22 The first official translation of the entire Bible into Swedish is made and is called the Gustav Vasa Bible 23 John Calvin translates his Institutio Christianae religionis into French as L Institution chretienne 24 Elia Levita s chivalric romance the Bovo Bukh is first printed the earliest published secular work in Yiddish 1542 This section is transcluded from 1542 edit history January June edit February 2 Battle of Bacente The Portuguese under Cristovao da Gama capture a Muslim occupied hillfort in northern Ethiopia February 14 Guadalajara Mexico is founded by the Spaniards after three previous attempts failed due to aggressive opposition from local tribes 25 March 8 Antoine Escalin des Eymars the French ambassador returns from Constantinople with promises of Ottoman aid in a war against Charles V Holy Roman Emperor 26 April 4 16 Battle of Jarte in Ethiopia The Portuguese under Cristovao da Gama encounter the army of Imam Ahmad Gragn and inflict upon him two successive defeats May 19 The Prome Kingdom in modern day central Burma is conquered by the Taungoo Dynasty June December edit June 27 Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo sets sail to explore the northwest of the Pacific Ocean 27 July 21 Pope Paul III establishes the Holy Office with the bull Licet ab initio with jurisdiction over the Roman Inquisition 28 29 July 24 Guelders Wars Maarten van Rossum leaves Antwerp having failed to take it by siege August Battle of the Hill of the Jews During the rainy season Cristovao da Gama captures a strategic position and many badly needed horses 30 August 24 Battle of Haddon Rig Scotland defeats England 31 August 27 Citizens of Hildesheim in the Holy Roman Empire profess themselves to the Lutheran teachings thus joining the Schmalkaldic League 32 As a pledge owner the city provides for the carrying out of the Protestant Reformation in the city and Peine Priests from the localities of Clauen Hohenhameln Sossmar Schmedenstedt Lengede and Rosenthal resume their offices in the interest of the Reformation August 28 Battle of Wofla in Ethiopia Reinforced with at least 2900 arquebusiers and cavalry Imam Ahmad Gragn attacks the Portuguese camp The Portuguese are scattered Cristovao da Gama is captured and executed 33 September 4 The earliest recorded Preston Guild Court is held in Lancashire England in the modern sequence which lasts unbroken until 1922 September 28 Portuguese explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo lands in what is now San Diego Bay and names it San Miguel it will later become the city of San Diego 27 This marks the first time a European sees California 34 October 7 Cabrillo becomes the first European to set foot on Santa Catalina Island California 35 November 24 Battle of Solway Moss An English army invades Scotland and defeats a Scottish army 36 November 27 Palace plot of Renyin year A group of Ming dynasty palace women fail to murder the Jiajing Emperor and are executed by slow slicing 37 December 14 Mary Queen of Scots aged six days becomes queen regnant on the death of her father James V of Scotland 38 Date unknown edit The first contact of Japan with the West occurs when a Portuguese ship blown off its course to China lands Antonio Pexoto Francisco Zeimoto and Antonio Mota in Japan according to Antonio Galvao 39 According to the Japanese books Tanegashima Kafu and Teppoki it is stated they landed in 1543 39 Bartolome de las Casas completes A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies which will be published in 1552 40 1543 This section is transcluded from 1543 edit history January June edit February 11 King Henry VIII of England allies with Charles V Holy Roman Emperor against France 41 February 21 Battle of Wayna Daga A joint Ethiopian Portuguese force of 8 500 under Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia defeats Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi s army of over 14 000 ending the Ethiopian Adal war March King Gustav Vasa s troops crush the forces of Swedish peasant rebel Nils Dacke in battle ending the uprising Dacke escapes but is captured and killed in the summer Consolidating Act of Welsh Union The Parliament of England establishes counties and regularises parliamentary representation in Wales 41 April Campaign of Suleiman Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Sultan revives the Little War in Hungary May Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in Nuremberg offering mathematical arguments for the existence of the heliocentric universe denying the geocentric model Copernicus dies on May 24 in Frombork at the age of 70 June Andreas Vesalius publishes De humani corporis fabrica On the Fabric of the Human Body revolutionising the science of human anatomy July December edit July 1 The Treaty of Greenwich is signed between England and Scotland repudiated by Scotland December 11 41 July 12 King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr It is Henry s sixth and last marriage and Catherine s third 42 Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding This month the Parliament of England passes the Third Succession Act restoring the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth I of England Henry s daughters to the line of succession to the English throne July 25 August 10 Siege of Esztergom Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Sultan besieges and takes Esztergom in Hungary 43 August 6 22 Siege of Nice Ottoman Empire and French forces under the Franco Ottoman alliance led by Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa besiege and take Nice August 25 Led by the Chinese pirate Wang Zhi the first Europeans and firearms arrive in Japan in Tanegashima island in southern Kyushu including Portuguese traders Antonio Mota Antonio Peixoto Francisco Zeimoto and presumably Fernao Mendes Pinto 44 September October Landrecies in Picardy is besieged by forces under Charles V Holy Roman Emperor but the siege is withdrawn on the approach of the French army September Campaign of Suleiman Suleiman the Magnificent captures the Hungarian coronation city of Szekesfehervar 43 The city will be occupied by the Ottoman Empire for 145 years September 9 Mary Stuart is crowned the Queen of Scots in Stirling at nine months old 45 Date unknown edit Martin Luther publishes On the Jews and Their Lies Mikael Agricola publishes Abckiria 46 The Lighthouse of Genoa is completed in present form 47 Indians in the Spanish Empire are declared free against the wishes of local settlers 1544 This section is transcluded from 1544 edit history January June edit January 13 At Vasteras the estates of Sweden swear loyalty to King Gustav Vasa and to his heirs ending the traditional electoral monarchy in Sweden 48 49 Gustav subsequently signs an alliance with the Kingdom of France February 20 The Fourth Diet of Speyer is convened 50 51 April 11 Battle of Ceresole French forces under the Comte d Enghien defeat forces of the Holy Roman Empire under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin 52 May Charles V Holy Roman Emperor again invades eastern France along with Henry VIII The English side is led by the Duke of Norfolk who starts crossing the English channel in late May 53 May 3 Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford with an English army captures Leith and Edinburgh from the Kingdom of Scotland 54 July December edit July 10 August 17 Troops of the Holy Roman Empire besiege Saint Dizier in eastern France 55 56 July 15 Battle of the Shirts The Clan Fraser of Lovat and Macdonalds of Clan Ranald fight over a disputed chiefship in Scotland reportedly five Frasers and eight or ten Macdonalds survive 57 58 July 19 September 14 Italian War of 1542 46 First Siege of Boulogne King Henry VIII of England besieges and captures Boulogne in northern France 59 August 17 The University of Konigsberg Albertina is inaugurated founding deed signed July 20 by Albert Duke of Prussia 60 September 18Peace of Crepy Peace is declared between Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and Francis I of France The war between France and England continues 61 The expedition of Juan Bautista Pastene makes landfall in San Pedro Bay southern Chile claiming the territory for Spain 62 September 22 Captain Juan Bautista Pastene leads the first European expedition to the estuary of Valdivia Chile and Corral Bay 63 October 9 Second Siege of Boulogne French forces under the Dauphin assault Boulogne but are ultimately unsuccessful 64 Date unknown edit Mongols led by Anda burn the suburbs of Peking in China 65 66 After being asked by Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany botanist Luca Ghini comes to the University of Pisa as the chair of botany where he had the year prior established the Orto botanico di Pisa 67 68 Rats make their first appearance in South America arriving in Peru with the species black rat 69 Portuguese explorers encounter the island of Taiwan and call it Ilha Formosa Beautiful Island 70 71 1545 This section is transcluded from 1545 edit history January June edit February 22 A firman of the Ottoman Empire is issued for the dethronement of Radu Paisie as Prince of Wallachia February 27 Battle of Ancrum Moor The Scots are victorious over numerically superior English forces 41 March 24 At a diet in Worms Germany summoned by Pope Paul III the German Protestant princes demand a national religious settlement for Germany Holy Roman Emperor Charles V refuses April 1 Potosi is founded by the Spanish as a mining town after the discovery of huge silver deposits in this area of modern day Bolivia Silver mined from Huayna Potosi Mountain provides most of the wealth on which the Spanish Empire is based until its fall in the early 19th century June 13 Spanish explorer Ynigo Ortiz de Retez sets out to navigate the northern coast of New Guinea July December edit July 18 19 Battle of the Solent between the English and French fleets The engagement is inconclusive but on the second day Henry VIII of England s flagship the Mary Rose sinks 72 c July 21 Italian Wars Battle of Bonchurch The English reverse an attempted French invasion of the Isle of Wight off the coast of England 41 c September Mobye Narapati succeeds as ruler of the Ava Kingdom and offers peace to the Taungoo Dynasty ending the Taungoo Ava War 1538 45 and leaving the Taungoo as the dominant rulers in Burma October The Siege of Kawagoe Castle begins as part of an unsuccessful attempt by the Uesugi clan to regain Kawagoe Castle from the Late Hōjō clan in Japan December 13 The Council of Trent officially opens in northern Italy it closes in 1563 73 Undated edit Battle of Sokhoista The army of the Ottoman Empire defeats an alliance of Georgian dynasties Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi overthrows his uncle Pedro I of Kongo to become manikongo In China a large failure of the harvest in Henan province occurs due to excessive rainfall which drives up the price of wheat and forces many to flee their rural counties those who stay behind are forced to survive by eating leaves bark and human flesh In the territory of New Spain in modern day Mexico the Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545 1548 begins St Anne s Church Augsburg converts to Lutheranism 1546 This section is transcluded from 1546 edit history January June edit May 19 The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi clan in their attempt to regain Kawagoe Castle from the Late Hōjō clan in Japan June 7 The Treaty of Ardres also known as the Treaty of Camp is signed resulting in peace between the kingdoms of England and France ending the Italian War of 1542 1546 74 July December edit July 10 The Schmalkaldic War a political struggle between imperial forces under Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League begins November 4 Christ Church Oxford is refounded as a college by Henry VIII of England under this name December 19 Trinity College Cambridge is founded by Henry VIII of England 41 Date unknown edit Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Michelangelo is made chief architect of St Peter s Basilica in Rome The Spanish conquest of Yucatan is completed 1547 This section is transcluded from 1547 edit history January June edit January 8 The first Lithuanian language book a Catechism Katekizmo paprasti zodziai Simple Words of Catechism is published in Konigsberg by Martynas Mazvydas 75 January 13 Henry Howard Earl of Surrey is sentenced to death for treason in England 76 77 January 16 Grand Prince Ivan IV is crowned as Tsar of all Russia at the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow thereby proclaiming the Tsardom of Russia 78 79 January 28 King Henry VIII of England dies in London and is succeeded by his 9 year old son Edward VI as King of England 80 81 February 20 Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey 82 March 31 King Francis I of France dies at the Chateau de Rambouillet and is succeeded by his eldest surviving son Henry II on his 28th birthday as King of France 83 84 April 4 Catherine Parr widow of King Henry VIII of England secretly marries Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley April 24 Battle of Muhlberg Emperor Charles V defeats the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League 85 July December edit August 13 The Duchy of Brittany unites with the Kingdom of France September 10 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh An English army under the Duke of Somerset Lord Protector of England defeats a Scottish army under James Hamilton 2nd Earl of Arran the Regent The English seize Edinburgh 85 Conspirators led by Ferrante Gonzaga murder Pier Luigi Farnese Duke of Parma and son of the Pope and hang his body from a window of his palace in Piacenza 86 Date unknown edit Huguenots increasingly immigrate to the English county of Kent especially Canterbury from France 87 The Chambre Ardente is established in Paris for trying heretics 88 Work on construction of the Chateau de Chambord in the Loire Valley for Francis I of France ceases 89 John Dee visits the Low Countries to study navigation with Gemma Frisius 90 Edward VI of England outlaws execution by boiling 91 1548 This section is transcluded from 1548 edit history January June edit February 14 Battle of Uedahara Firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield in Japan and Takeda Shingen is defeated by Murakami Yoshikiyo 92 April 1 Sigismund II Augustus succeeds his father Sigismund I the Old as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania 93 May 11 The great fire in Brielle begins June Ming Chinese naval forces commanded by Zhu Wan destroy the pirate haven of Shuangyu frequented by Chinese Japanese and Portuguese smugglers John Dee starts to study at the Old University of Leuven 94 July December edit July 7 A marriage treaty is signed between Scotland and France whereby five year old Mary Queen of Scots is betrothed to the future King Francis II of France 95 August 7 Mary Queen of Scots leaves for France 96 October 20 The city of La Paz Bolivia is founded 97 October 31 At the first sejm of King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland deputies demand that the king renounce his wife Barbara Radziwill 98 99 December Siam attacks Tavoy beginning the Burmese Siamese War of 1548 1549 This section is transcluded from 1549 edit history nbsp The Book of Common Prayer is introduced in England January June edit January Burmese Siamese War 1547 49 King Tabinshwehti of Burma begins his invasion of the Ayutthaya Kingdom which ends in retreat February 3 Burmese Siamese War Burmese viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza I of Prome slays Sri Suriyothai queen consort of the Ayutthaya Kingdom on her war elephant when she intervenes in battle to protect the life of her husband March 29 The city of Salvador da Bahia Brazil s first capital is founded by Tome de Sousa July December edit June 9 The Book of Common Prayer is introduced in English churches 72 the Prayer Book Rebellion against it breaks out in the West Country 74 July Kett s Rebellion breaks out in East Anglia against land enclosures 74 rebellion breaks out in Oxfordshire against landowners associated with religious changes 100 July 27 European Jesuit Francis Xavier arrives in Japan the first Christian missionary there August 8 9 England and France declare war 41 August 17 Battle of Sampford Courtenay in England The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed August 26 Battle of Dussindale in England Kett s Rebellion is quashed 41 September 17 The Council of Trent is prorogued indefinitely November 4 The Pragmatic Sanction is proclaimed by Charles V Holy Roman Emperor The Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Low Countries are declared inseparable November 29 The Papal conclave 1549 50 to decide on a successor to Pope Paul III goes into session in the Apostolic Palace in Rome Date unknown edit Peter Canisius starts the Counter Reformation in Bavaria The spire of Lincoln Cathedral in England is blown down 101 leaving St Olaf s Church Tallinn in Estonia as the World s tallest structure Although trade existed between the two beforehand in this year the Portuguese begin to send regular seasonal maritime trade missions to Ming dynasty China at Sao Joao Island also known as Shangchuan Island near Macau Siege of Kajiki firearms are used for the first time in a siege in Japanese history The previous year s Battle of Uedahara was the first battle in which they were used Excerpta antiqua is published by Hervagius at Basel Switzerland Maidstone Grammar School is founded in England by Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset 102 BirthsTranscluding articles 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 and 1549 1540 nbsp John Sigismund Zapolya nbsp Princess Cecilia of SwedenJanuary 18 Catarina of Portugal Duchess of Braganza claimant to the Portuguese throne in 1580 d 1614 January 25 Edmund Campion English Jesuit and Roman Catholic martyr d 1581 103 January 28 Ludolph van Ceulen German mathematician d 1610 February 12 Won Gyun Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty d 1597 February 23 Hedwig of Brandenburg Duchess of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel d 1602 February 25 Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton English aristocrat and courtier d 1614 March 1 Enrique de Guzman 2nd Count of Olivares Spanish noble d 1607 March 17 Bernhard VII Prince of Anhalt Zerbst German prince of the House of Ascania d 1570 April 3 Maria de Medici Italian noble d 1557 April 8 Toyotomi Hidenaga Japanese warlord d 1591 May 9 Maharana Pratap Indian warrior king d 1597 May 14 Paolo Paruta Italian historian d 1598 Bartholomaus Scultetus German mayor of Gorlitz astronomer d 1614 May 22 James Duke of Rothesay Scottish prince d 1541 May 31 Henry Cheyne 1st Baron Cheyne English politician and baron d 1587 June 3 Charles II Archduke of Austria regent of Inner Austria d 1590 June 9 Shima Sakon Japanese samurai d 1600 June 11 Barnabe Googe English poet d 1594 June 29 Ana de Mendoza Princess of Eboli Spanish countess d 1592 June 30 Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern Sponheim Duchess of Saxony d 1594 July 7 John Sigismund Zapolya King of Hungary d 1571 July 11 Adolf of Nassau Count of Nassau Dutch soldier d 1568 July 16 Alfonso Carafa Italian cardinal d 1565 July 19 Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrucken Bitsch spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau Lichtenberg d 1569 August 4 Sisto Fabri Italian theologian d 1594 August 5 Joseph Justus Scaliger French Protestant scholar d 1609 August 25 Lady Catherine Grey English noblewoman potential successor to the throne d 1568 September 5 Magnus Duke of Holstein Prince of Denmark d 1583 September 9 John VII Count of Oldenburg d 1603 October 1 Johann Jakob Grynaeus Swiss Protestant clergyman d 1617 November 12 Anna of Veldenz Margrave of Baden d 1586 November 16 Princess Cecilia of Sweden d 1627 December 8 Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga Italian Catholic cardinal d 1591 December 21 Thomas Schweicker German artist d 1602 December 28 Charles I Duke of Mecklenburg d 1610 December 31 Silvio Antoniano Italian Catholic cardinal d 1603 date unknown Andrea Andreani Italian wood engraver d 1623 Ines de Hinojosa Venezuelan hacendada d 1571 Francis Drake English sea captain privateer navigator slaver pirate and politician d 1596 Christopher Hatton English politician d 1591 George Hastings 4th Earl of Huntingdon English nobleman d 1604 Pierre Jeannin French statesman d 1622 Francois Viete French mathematician d 1603 Amago Yoshihisa Japanese samurai and warlord d 1610 probable William Byrd English composer d 1623 Bernardino de Mendoza Spanish military commander d 1604 Paschal Baylon Spanish friar d 1592 1541 January 24 Magdalena Moons Dutch woman associated with the 1574 Siege of Leiden d 1613 104 January 26 Florent Chrestien French writer d 1596 105 February 21 Philipp V Count of Hanau Lichtenberg d 1599 106 March 25 Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany d 1587 107 April 8 Michele Mercati Italian physician and gardener d 1593 108 April 12 Ipatii Potii Metropolitan of Kiev d 1613 109 September 7 Luigi Groto Italian lutenist and poet d 1588 110 Hernando de Cabezon Spanish musician d 1602 111 September 5 Roberto de Nobili Italian Catholic cardinal d 1559 112 September 21 Anna of Nassau Dillenburg Countess consort of Nassau Weilburg d 1616 113 November 9 Menso Alting Dutch preacher and reformer d 1612 114 November 25 Michele Bonelli Italian Catholic cardinal d 1598 115 February 12 Johann Bauhin Swiss botanist d 1613 116 date unknown Pierre Charron French philosopher d 1603 117 El Greco or Domenikos Theotokopoulos Greek Domhnikos 8eotokopoylos Cretian painter sculptor and architect d 1614 118 Hatano Hideharu Japanese samurai d 1579 Mizuno Tadashige Japanese nobleman d 1600 119 Gudbrandur THorlaksson Icelandic mathematician d 1627 120 Hattori Hanzō Japanese ninja who served under Tokugawa Ieyasu d 1596 121 1542 nbsp Isabella de Medici nbsp Henriette of ClevesFebruary 1 John Scudamore English politician d 1623 122 February 22 Santino Garsi da Parma Italian musician d 1604 123 March 19 Jan Zamoyski Polish nobleman d 1605 124 April 29 Henry III Duke of Munsterberg Oels d 1587 125 May 5 Thomas Cecil 1st Earl of Exeter English politician d 1623 126 May 11 Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee Swiss Catholic bishop d 1608 127 May 16 Anna Sibylle of Hanau Lichtenberg German noblewoman daughter of Count Philip IV of Hanau Lichtenberg d 1580 128 June 15 Richard Grenville English politician d 1591 129 June 24 John of the Cross Spanish Carmelite mystic theologian poet d 1591 130 July 25 Magnus Duke of Ostergotland Swedish prince d 1595 131 Between August 18 and August 28 Charles Neville 6th Earl of Westmorland d 1601 132 August 27 John Frederick Duke of Pomerania and Protestant Bishop of Cammin d 1600 133 August 31 Isabella de Medici Italian princess d 1576 134 September 25 Elisabeth of Nassau Dillenburg sister of William the Silent d 1603 135 October 1 Alvaro de Mendana de Neira Spanish explorer d 1595 October 4 Robert Bellarmine Italian saint d 1621 136 October 14 Philip IV Count of Nassau Weilburg d 1602 137 October 15 Akbar Mughal Emperor d 1605 138 October 31 Henriette of Cleves Duchess of Nevers Countess of Rethel d 1601 139 November 1 Tarquinia Molza Italian singer d 1617 140 November 9 Anders Sorensen Vedel Danish historian d 1616 141 November 11 Scipione Gonzaga Italian Catholic cardinal d 1593 142 December 8 Mary Queen of Scots d 1587 143 December 21 Thomas Allen English mathematician and astrologer some suggest 1540 d 1632 144 date unknown Joris Hoefnagel Dutch painter and engraver d 1601 145 Toda Kazuaki Japanese samurai in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu d 1604 146 Douglas Sheffield Baroness Sheffield lover of Robert Dudley 1st Earl of Leicester d 1608 147 Horio Yoshiharu Japanese daimyō d 1611 Kuki Yoshitaka Japanese naval commander d 1600 148 1543 nbsp Tokugawa IeyasuJanuary 18 baptized Alfonso Ferrabosco Italian composer d 1588 January 31 Tokugawa Ieyasu Japanese shōgun d 1616 February 4 Johannes Heurnius Dutch physician d 1601 February 4 Giovanni Francesco Fara Italian writer d 1591 February 16 Kanō Eitoku Japanese painter d 1590 149 February 18 Charles III Duke of Lorraine d 1608 February 25 Sharaf Khan Bidlisi Emir of Bitlis d 1603 March 7 John Casimir of the Palatinate Simmern German prince and reigning count palatine of Simmern d 1592 April 1 Francois de Bonne Duke of Lesdiguieres Constable of France d 1626 April 11 George John I Count Palatine of Veldenz d 1592 May 2 Jan Moretus Belgian printer d 1610 June 8 Petrus Albinus German historian local history researcher and poet d 1598 June 29 Christine of Hesse duchess consort of Holstein Gottorp 1465 1486 d 1604 July 20 Nils Svantesson Sture Swedish diplomat d 1567 August 3 Nicasius de Sille Dutch diplomat d 1600 August 21 Giovanni Bembo Doge of Venice d 1618 September 14 Claudio Acquaviva Italian Jesuit d 1615 October 21 Michael Hicks English politician d 1612 November 2 Kasper Franck German theologian d 1584 November 8 Lettice Knollys English noblewoman d 1634 150 December 3 Alessandro Riario Italian Catholic cardinal d 1585 December 29 Catherine of Nassau Dillenburg daughter of William I d 1624 date unknown Nicolas de Neufville seigneur de Villeroy 2nd Prime Minister of France d 1617 Thomas Deloney English novelist and balladeer d 1600 Domenico Fontana Italian architect d 1607 Sonam Gyatso 3rd Dalai Lama first Dalai Lama d 1588 Francois Pithou French lawyer and author d 1621 Hayyim ben Joseph Vital Syrian Jewish rabbi and mystic d 1620 Chen Lin Ming Dynasty general d 1607 probable Giovanni Maria Nanino Italian composer d 1607 Federico Zuccari Italian painter d 1609 1544 nbsp Dorothea Susanne of Simmern nbsp Anna of SaxonyJanuary 19 King Francis II of France d 1560 151 January 24 Gillis van Coninxloo Flemish painter d 1607 152 153 February 3 Cesar de Bus French Catholic priest d 1607 154 March 11 Torquato Tasso Italian poet d 1595 155 April Thomas Fleming English judge d 1613 156 April 20 Renata of Lorraine duchess consort of Bavaria d 1602 157 May 24 William Gilbert English scientist and astronomer d 1603 158 July 14 Henry Compton 1st Baron Compton English politician d 1589 159 August 9 Bogislaw XIII Duke of Pomerania d 1606 160 September 1 John Gordon Scottish bishop d 1619 161 September 28 or September 29 Giovanni de Medici Italian Catholic cardinal d 1562 162 November 1 Hasan Kafi Pruscak Bosnian scholar and judge d 1615 163 November 15 Dorothea Susanne of Simmern Duchess of Saxe Weimar d 1592 164 December 23 Anna of Saxony only child and heiress of Maurice Elector of Saxony d 1577 165 date unknown Richard Bancroft Archbishop of Canterbury d 1610 166 Thomas Hobson English carrier and origin of the phrase Hobson s choice d 1631 167 Maddalena Casulana Italian composer lutenist and singer d 1590 168 probable George Whetstone English writer d 1587 169 1545 nbsp Elisabeth of Valois nbsp Anna Maria of SwedenJanuary 1 Magnus Heinason Faroese naval hero d 1589 January 11 Guidobaldo del Monte Italian mathematician astronomer and philosopher d 1607 March Gaspare Tagliacozzi Italian surgeon and anatomist d 1599 March 2 Thomas Bodley English diplomat and scholar founder of the Bodleian Library Oxford d 1613 March 18 Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn German bishop d 1617 March 25 John II Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg d 1622 April 1 Peder Clausson Friis Norwegian clergyman and author d 1614 April 2 Elisabeth of Valois queen of Philip II of Spain d 1568 170 April 15 Karl II Duke of Munsterberg Oels Duke of Oels 1565 1617 Duke of Bernstadt 1604 1617 d 1617 April 24 Henry Wriothesley 2nd Earl of Southampton English earl d 1581 April 28 Yi Sun sin Korean naval commander d 1598 May 1 Franciscus Junius French theologian d 1602 May 22 Karl Christoph Duke of Munsterberg d 1569 June 6 Jerome Gratian Spanish Carmelite and writer d 1614 June 13 Naitō Nobunari Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province d 1612 June 19 Princess Anna Maria of Sweden Swedish royal d 1610 July 8 Don Carlos of Spain son of Philip II of Spain d 1568 August 1 Andrew Melville Scottish theologian and religious reformer d 1622 August 27 Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma d 1592 September 7 Eitel Friedrich IV Count of Hohenzollern First Count of Hohenzollern Hechingen d 1605 September 20 Yamanaka Yukimori Japanese samurai d 1578 October 15 Elisabeth of Anhalt Zerbst Abbess of Gernrode and Frose later Countess of Barby Muhlingen d 1574 October 19 John Juvenal Ancina Italian oratorian and bishop d 1604 November 20 Ernst Ludwig Duke of Pomerania d 1592 November 25 Ana de Jesus Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun and spiritual writer d 1621 December 6 Janus Dousa Dutch historian and noble d 1604 December 7 Henry Stuart Lord Darnley consort of Mary Queen of Scots d 1567 171 date unknown George Bannatyne collector of Scottish poems d 1608 John Field British Puritan clergyman and controversialist d 1588 John Gerard English botanist d 1612 Ismihan Sultan Ottoman princess daughter of Selim II and wife of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha d 1585 William Morgan Welsh Bible translator d 1604 Azai Nagamasa Japanese nobleman d 1573 Mashita Nagamori Japanese warlord d 1615 probable Nicholas Breton English poet and novelist d 1626 1546 nbsp Tycho BraheJanuary 27 Joachim Friedrich Elector of Brandenburg d 1608 February 1 Mogami Yoshiaki Japanese daimyō of the Yamagata domain d 1614 February 4 Jakob Monau Polish writer and linguist d 1603 February 14 Johann Pistorius German historian d 1608 March 16 Francesco Barbaro Italian diplomat d 1616 March 21 Bartholomeus Spranger Flemish painter d 1611 March 25 Giacomo Castelvetro Italian writer d 1616 March 27 Johannes Piscator German theologian d 1625 March 29 Anne d Escars de Givry French Catholic cardinal d 1612 April 1 Nanbu Nobunao Japanese daimyō d 1599 April 20 Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas Spanish Catholic cardinal d 1618 June 13 Tobias Matthew English Archbishop of York d 1628 June 14 Wolfgang Count of Hohenlohe Weikersheim German count d 1610 June 24 Robert Parsons English Jesuit priest d 1610 June 29 Dorothea of Denmark Duchess of Brunswick Luneburg 1561 1592 d 1617 July 4 Murat III Ottoman Sultan d 1595 172 August 10 Juliana of Nassau Dillenburg Dutch prince d 1588 August 13 Jan Opalinski Polish nobleman and Castellan of Rogozin d 1598 August 31 Daniel Adam z Veleslavina Czech lexicographer d 1599 September 6 Pedro Alvarez de Toledo 5th Marquis of Villafranca Spanish noble and politician d 1627 September 11 Arild Huitfeldt Danish historian d 1609 September 13 Isabella Bendidio Italian singer and noble in Renaissance court of Ferrara d 1610 October 5 Rudolph Snellius Dutch linguist and mathematician d 1613 November 11 Richard Madox English explorer d 1583 December 14 Tycho Brahe Danish astronomer d 1601 173 date unknown Luca Bati Italian Baroque composer d 1608 Thomas Digges English astronomer d 1595 174 Veronica Franco Venetian poet and courtesan died 1591 175 Takeda Katsuyori Japanese nobleman d 1582 Mikolaj VII Radziwill Polish magnate d 1565 probable Lodewijk Elzevir Dutch printer d 1617 1547 nbsp Duchess Hedwig of Wurttemberg nbsp Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess of Tuscany nbsp Miguel de Cervantes nbsp Princess Sophia of Sweden nbsp Claude of ValoisJanuary 15 Duchess Hedwig of Wurttemberg by marriage countess of Hesse Marburg d 1590 176 January 20 Laurence Bruce Scottish politician d 1617 January 24 Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess of Tuscany Austrian Archduchess d 1578 177 February 8 Girolamo Mattei Italian Catholic cardinal d 1603 178 February 18 Bahaʾ al din al ʿAmili Syrian Arab co founder of the Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy d 1621 179 180 February 24 Don John of Austria military leader d 1578 181 March 1 Rudolph Goclenius German philosopher d 1628 182 March 26 Bernardino Bertolotti Italian instrumentalist and composer d 1609 183 April 8 Lucrezia Bendidio noblewoman and singer in Renaissance Ferrara d 1584 184 May 15 Magnus Pegel German mathematician d 1619 May 19 Gustaf Baner Swedish nobleman and member of the Privy Council of Sweden d 1600 185 186 June 28 Cristofano Malvezzi Italian organist and composer d 1599 187 July 5 Garzia de Medici Italian noble d 1562 188 August 10 Francis II Duke of Saxe Lauenburg d 1619 189 September 10 George I Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt d 1596 190 September 14 Johan van Oldenbarnevelt Dutch statesman d 1619 191 September 20 Faizi Indo Persian poet and scholar d 1595 September 22 Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin German philologist and poet d 1590 192 September 29 Miguel de Cervantes Spanish fiction writer d 1616 193 October 2 Philipp Ludwig Count Palatine of Neuburg 1569 1614 and Count Palatine of Sulzbach 1604 1614 d 1614 194 October 18 Justus Lipsius Flemish humanist d 1606 195 October 29 Princess Sophia of Sweden Swedish princess d 1611 196 November 7 Rudolf Hospinian Swiss writer d 1626 197 November 10 Martin Moller German poet and mystic d 1606 198 Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg Archbishop of Cologne d 1601 199 November 12 Claude of Valois daughter of King Henry II of France d 1575 200 November 26 Nicolaus Taurellus German philosopher and theologian d 1606 201 December 5 Ubbo Emmius Dutch historian and geographer d 1625 202 December 15 Magdalena of Nassau Dillenburg German noblewoman d 1633 203 date unknown Matteo Perez d Aleccio Italian painter d 1616 204 Mateo Aleman Spanish novelist and man of letters d 1609 205 Peter Bales English calligrapher d 1610 206 Louis Carrion Flemish humanist and classical scholar d 1595 207 Oichi Japanese noblewoman d 1583 208 Krzysztof Mikolaj the Thunderbolt Radziwill Polish nobleman d 1603 209 Richard Stanihurst English translator of Virgil d 1618 210 Roemer Visscher Dutch writer d 1620 211 Stanislaw Zolkiewski Polish nobleman d 1620 212 1548 nbsp Francisco Suarez nbsp William V Duke of BavariaJanuary 5 Francisco Suarez Spanish priest philosopher theologian and saint d 1617 213 February 6 Francesco Panigarola Italian bishop d 1594 214 March 13 Sasbout Vosmeer Dutch Apostolic Vicar d 1614 215 March 17 Honda Tadakatsu Japanese general d 1610 March 18 Cornelis Ketel Dutch painter d 1616 216 April 15 Pietro Cataldi Italian mathematician d 1626 217 May Carel van Mander Dutch painter and poet d 1606 218 May 8 Giacomo Boncompagni illegitimate son of Pope Gregory XIII d 1612 219 May 10 Antonio Priuli Doge of Venice d 1623 220 221 July 8 Kim Jang saeng Korean scholar and writer d 1631 222 July 15 George III Count of Erbach Breuberg 1564 1605 d 1605 223 August 26 Bernardino Poccetti Italian painter d 1612 224 September 2 Vincenzo Scamozzi Italian architect d 1616 225 September 7 Filippo Boncompagni Italian Catholic cardinal d 1586 226 September 29 William V Duke of Bavaria d 1626 227 October 4 Matsumae Yoshihiro Japanese daimyō of Ezochi Hokkaidō d 1616 November 27 Jacopo Mazzoni Italian philosopher d 1598 228 December 30 David Pareus German theologian d 1622 229 approx date Ma Shouzhen Chinese courtesan painter composer and poet d 1604 230 date unknown Giordano Bruno Italian philosopher astronomer and occultist d 1600 231 Oda Nagamasu Japanese nobleman d 1622 Luis Barahona de Soto Spanish poet d 1595 232 William Stanley English soldier d 1630 233 Saitō Tatsuoki Japanese daimyō d 1573 234 Sidonia von Borcke German noble and alleged witch d 1620 235 Tomas Luis de Victoria Spanish composer d 1611 236 Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal Grandee of Spain d 1601 237 probable Francesco Andreini Italian actor d 1624 238 Francesco Soriano Italian composer d 1621 239 Mariangiola Criscuolo Italian painter d 1630 240 Simon Stevin Flemish mathematician and engineer d 1620 241 1549 nbsp Francoise d Orleans Longueville nbsp Duchess Sabine of Wurttemberg nbsp Anne of Austria Queen of SpainJanuary 26 Jakob Ebert German theologian d 1614 January 26 Francesco Bassano the Younger Italian painter d 1592 February 3 Louis of Valois French prince d 1550 February 4 Eustache Du Caurroy French composer d 1609 February 15 Barnim X Duke of Pomerania 1569 1603 d 1603 February 20 Francesco Maria II della Rovere Duke of Urbino last Duke of Urbino d 1631 March 10 Francis Solanus Spanish missionary and saint d 1610 March 11 Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel Dutch writer d 1612 April 5 Francoise d Orleans Longueville French princess d 1601 April 13 Count Juraj IV Zrinski of Croatia d 1603 June 15 Elizabeth Knollys English noblewoman d 1605 July 2 Duchess Sabine of Wurttemberg by marriage Landgravine of Hesse Kassel d 1581 July 5 Francesco Maria del Monte Italian Catholic cardinal d 1627 July 12 Edward Manners 3rd Earl of Rutland d 1587 July 20 Pierre de Larivey Italian born French dramatist d 1619 July 30 Ferdinando I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany d 1609 August 2 Mikolaj Krzysztof the Orphan Radziwill Polish nobleman d 1616 August 10 Catherine of Brandenburg Kustrin daughter of Margrave John of Kustrin d 1602 September 1 Charles Philippe de Croy Marquis d Havre Belgian noble and politician d 1613 November 2 Anna of Austria Queen of Spain d 1580 November 5 Philippe de Mornay French writer d 1623 November 30 Sir Henry Savile English educator d 1622 December 9 Costanzo Antegnati Italian composer organist d 1624 December 20 John Petre 1st Baron Petre English politician and baron d 1613 December 24 Kaspar Ulenberg German theologian d 1617 242 date unknown Kutsuki Mototsuna Japanese military commander d 1632 John Rainolds English scholar and Bible translator d 1607 Juan de Salcedo Spanish conquistador d 1576 Marek Sobieski Polish noble d 1605 Ogawa Suketada Japanese warlord d 1601 DeathsTranscluding articles 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 and 1549 1540 nbsp Angela Merici nbsp Thomas Cromwell nbsp Lebna Dengelc January Elizabeth Blount mistress of Henry VIII of England b 1502 January 27 Angela Merici Italian religious leader and saint b 1474 March 30 Matthaus Lang von Wellenburg German statesman and archbishop of Salzburg b 1469 April 21 Afonso of Portugal Catholic cardinal b 1509 May 6 Juan Luis Vives Spanish scholar b 1492 May 22 Francesco Guicciardini Italian statesman and historian b 1483 June 16 Konrad von Thungen German noble b c 1466 July 22 John Zapolya King of Hungary b c 1490 July 28 Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex English statesman executed b c 1485 243 July 30 Thomas Abel English priest martyred b c 1497 Robert Barnes English reformer martyred b 1495 Eric I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg Prince of Calenberg 1491 1540 b 1470 August 23 Guillaume Bude French scholar b 1467 244 August 24 Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola Parmigianino Italian artist b 1503 August 28 Federico II Gonzaga Duke of Mantua b 1500 September 2 Lebna Dengel Emperor of Ethiopia in battle b 1501 September 16 Enrique de Borja y Aragon Spanish noble of the House of Borgia b 1518 September 20 Infante Duarte Duke of Guimaraes son of King Manuel I of Portugal b 1515 October 5 Helius Eobanus Hessus German Latin poet b 1488 date unknown Francisco de Ulloa Spanish explorer probable Tristao da Cunha Portuguese explorer b 1460 Johann Georg Faust German alchemist b 1480 1541 nbsp Francisco Pizarro nbsp Pedro de Alvarado nbsp Henry IV Duke of SaxonyJanuary 2 Wang Gen Chinese philosopher b 1483 January 5 Philip of the Palatinate Bishop of Freising and Naumburg b 1480 245 April Jerzy Radziwill Polish nobleman b 1480 246 April 21 James Duke of Rothesay Scottish prince b 1540 April 24 Celio Calcagnini Italian astronomer b 1479 247 April 29 Johann Gramann German theologian b 1487 248 May 27 Margaret Pole 8th Countess of Salisbury executed b 1473 249 June 26 Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistador b c 1475 250 July 4 Pedro de Alvarado Spanish conquistador b 1495 251 August Juan de Valdes Spanish religious writer b 1500 252 August 1 Simon Grynaeus German scholar and theologian b 1493 253 August 18 Henry IV Duke of Saxony 1539 1541 b 1473 254 August 19 Vincenzo Cappello Venetian admiral and statesman b 1469 255 September 24 Paracelsus Swiss alchemist and physician b 1493 256 September Beatriz de la Cueva Governor of Guatemala b 1510 14 October 18 Margaret Tudor queen of James IV of Scotland b 1489 257 November 4 Wolfgang Fabricius Capito German reformer b 1478 258 November 30 Amago Tsunehisa Japanese warlord b 1458 December 10 Thomas Culpeper English courtier lover of Catherine Howard b c 1514 259 Francis Dereham English lover of Catherine Howard executed 259 December 24 Andreas Karlstadt Christian theologian and reformer b 1486 260 date unknown Jean Clouet French miniature painter b 1480 261 Margareta von Melen Swedish noblewoman b 1489 Gul Baba Ottoman dervish poet 262 Giovanni Guidiccioni Italian poet b 1480 263 Gazi Husrev beg Ottoman statesmen b 1480 264 1542 nbsp James V of ScotlandJanuary 21 Azai Sukemasa Japanese samurai and warlord b 1491 265 February Nikolaus Federmann German adventurer in Venezuela and Colombia b 1501 266 February 1 Girolamo Aleandro Italian cardinal b 1480 267 February 13 Catherine Howard fifth queen of Henry VIII of England executed born c 1522 268 Jane Boleyn Viscountess Rochford English noblewoman executed born c 1505 269 March 3 Arthur Plantagenet 1st Viscount Lisle illegitimate son of King Edward IV of England 270 May 21 Hernando de Soto Spanish explorer navigator and conquistador b c 1500 271 June 14 Christoph von Scheurl German writer b 1481 272 June 19 Leo Jud Swiss reformer b 1482 273 July 15 Lisa del Giocondo Florentine noblewoman believed to be the subject of the Mona Lisa b 1479 August 24 Gasparo Contarini Italian diplomat and cardinal b 1483 274 August 29 Cristovao da Gama Portuguese soldier b c 1516 275 September 17 Lucas Fernandez Spanish dramatist and musician b c 1474 276 September 21 Juan Boscan Almogaver Spanish poet b c 1490 277 October 11 Thomas Wyatt English poet and diplomat b 1503 278 October 18 Giovanni Gaddi Italian priest b 1493 279 December 14 King James V of Scotland b 1512 280 December 16 Thomas Lovett III High Sheriff of Northamptonshire b 1473 281 date unknown Dosso Dossi Italian painter b 1490 282 Lapulapu Filipino king b 1491 1543 nbsp Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo nbsp Nicolaus Copernicus nbsp Hans Holbein the Younger nbsp Gian Matteo GibertiJanuary 2 Francesco Canova da Milano Italian composer b 1497 January 3 Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo Portuguese explorer b 1499 January 9 Guillaume du Bellay French diplomat and general b 1491 February 13 Johann Eck German Scholastic theologian b 1486 February 21 Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi Imam of Adal in battle b c 1506 March 2 John Neville 3rd Baron Latimer English politician b 1493 March 6 Baccio D Agnolo Florentine woodcarver b 1460 April 23 Susanna of Bavaria German noble House of Wittelsbach b 1502 May 24 Nicolaus Copernicus Polish mathematician and astronomer b 1473 283 June 27 Agnolo Firenzuola Italian poet b 1493 July 19 Mary Boleyn English courtier mistress of Kings Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England b 1500 284 August 1 Magnus I Duke of Saxe Lauenburg German noble b 1470 August 29 Maria of Julich Berg German duchess Spouse of John III Duke of Cleves b 1491 September 2 Sultan Quli Qutb Mulk founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda b 1470 September 20 Thomas Manners 1st Earl of Rutland b 1492 September 23 Johanna of Hachberg Sausenberg countess regnant of Neuchatel b 1485 November 29 Hans Holbein the Younger German artist active in England 285 December 27 George Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach b 1484 December 29 Maria Salviati Italian noble b 1499 December 30 Gian Matteo Giberti Italian Catholic bishop b 1495 date unknown Polidoro da Caravaggio Italian painter b 1492 murdered 286 Madeleine Lartessuti French shipper and banker b 1478 Al Mutawakkil III last caliph of the Cairo based Abbasid caliphate Sehzade Mehmed Ottoman prince b 1521 probable Sebastian Franck German freethinker b 1515 Margaret Lee English courtier sister of poet Thomas Wyatt b 1506 1544 nbsp Johannes MagnusMarch 16 Louis V Elector Palatine 1508 1544 b 1478 287 March 22 Johannes Magnus last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden b 1488 288 April 30 Thomas Audley Lord Chancellor of England b 1488 289 June 14 Antoine Duke of Lorraine b 1489 290 July 15 Rene of Chalon Prince of the House of Orange b 1519 291 June 23 Eleonore of Furstenberg wife of Philip IV Count of Hanau Lichtenberg b 1523 292 August 19 Hans Buser Swiss noble b 1513 September 12 Clement Marot French poet b 1496 293 September 25 Valerius Cordus German physician and scientist b 1515 294 October 10 Charles Blount 5th Baron Mountjoy English courtier and patron of learning b 1516 295 October 12 Antonio Pucci Italian Catholic cardinal b 1485 296 November 13 Ursula van Beckum Dutch Anapabtist b 1520 297 November 15 Lucy Brocadelli Dominican tertiary and stigmatic b 1476 298 November 29 Jungjong of Joseon b 1488 December 9 Teofilo Folengo Italian poet b 1491 299 date unknown Ulick na gCeann Burke 1st Earl of Clanricarde 300 301 Chen Chun Chinese painter b 1483 302 Margaret Roper English writer b 1505 303 Nilakantha Somayaji Indian mathematician and astronomer b 1444 304 Manco Inca Yupanqui Inca ruler b 1516 305 Bonaventure des Periers French author b 1500 306 1545 nbsp Louis X Duke of BavariaJanuary 16 George Spalatin German reformer b 1484 February 12 or April 2 Stanislaw Odrowaz Polish noble b 1509 April 3 Antonio de Guevara Spanish chronicler and moralist b 1481 April 10 Costanzo Festa Italian composer b 1495 April 22 Louis X Duke of Bavaria b 1496 April 25 Jobst II Count of Hoya b 1493 May Agnes Howard Duchess of Norfolk English noblewoman b c 1477 May 22 Sher Shah Suri Indian ruler b 1486 June 4 John Louis Count of Nassau Saarbrucken 1472 1545 b 1472 June 12 Francis I Duke of Lorraine b 1517 June 15 Elizabeth of Austria Polish noble b 1526 July 7 Pernette Du Guillet French poet b c 1520 July 12 Maria Manuela Princess of Portugal b 1527 August 8 Injong of Joseon 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea b 1515 August 22 Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk English politician and husband of Mary Tudor b c 1484 August 27 Piotr Gamrat Polish Catholic archbishop b 1487 September Hans Baldung German artist b 1480 Hkonmaing king of the Ava kingdom b c 1497 September 1 Francis de Bourbon Count of St Pol French noble b 1491 September 9 Charles II de Valois Duke of Orleans b 1522 September 24 Albert of Mainz elector and archbishop of Mainz b 1490 October 18 John Taverner English composer b c 1490 307 date unknown William Latimer English churchman and scholar b c 1467 Fernao Lopez Portuguese renegade Vicente Masip Spanish painter b 1506 1546 nbsp Martin Luther nbsp Hayreddin BarbarossaJanuary 11 Ernest I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg b 1497 Gaudenzio Ferrari Italian painter and sculptor b c 1471 January 21 Azai Sukemasa daimyō b 1491 February 18 Martin Luther German religious reformer b 1483 308 February 23 Francis Count of Enghien French military leader b 1519 March 1 George Wishart Scottish religious reformer martyred b 1513 March 26 Thomas Elyot English diplomat and scholar b c 1490 April 7 Friedrich Myconius German Lutheran theologian b 1491 309 May 17 Philipp von Hutten German explorer b 1511 May 28 Ottaviano de Medici Italian politician b 1484 May 29 David Beaton Scottish Catholic cardinal assassinated b c 1494 June 13 Fridolin Sicher Swiss composer b 1490 July 4 Khair ad Din Barbarossa corsair ruler of Algiers b 1475 July 9 Robert Maxwell 5th Lord Maxwell Scottish statesman b c 1493 July 16 Anne Askew English Protestant burned at the stake b 1521 August 1 Peter Faber French Jesuit theologian b 1506 310 August 3 Etienne Dolet French scholar and printer b 1509 311 Antonio da Sangallo the Younger Italian architect b 1484 August 12 Francisco de Vitoria Renaissance theologian b 1492 November 1 Giulio Romano Italian painter b 1499 1547 nbsp King Henry VIII of England nbsp King Francis I of France nbsp Saint Cajetan nbsp Hernan CortesJanuary 5 Johann Hess German theologian b 1490 312 January 7 Albrecht VII Duke of Mecklenburg b 1486 313 January 16 Johannes Schoner German astronomer and cartographer b 1477 314 January 18 Pietro Bembo Italian cardinal and scholar b 1470 315 January 19 Henry Howard Earl of Surrey English nobleman politician and poet beheaded b c 1517 76 January 27 Anne of Bohemia and Hungary Queen consort of the Romans Bohemia and Hungary b 1503 316 January 28 King Henry VIII of England b 1491 80 317 February 25 Vittoria Colonna marchioness of Pescara b 1490 318 February 28 Philippa of Guelders Duchess of Lorraine b 1467 319 March 31 King Francis I of France b 1494 83 320 April 11 Dorothea of Denmark Duchess of Prussia Danish princess b 1504 321 May 22 Daniel Metropolitan of Moscow b c 1492 322 c May Edward Hall English chronicler and lawyer b c 1496 323 June 21 Sebastiano del Piombo Italian painter b 1485 324 July 20 Beatus Rhenanus German humanist and religious reformer b 1485 325 August 7 Saint Cajetan Italian priest and saint b 1480 326 August 17 Katharina von Zimmern Swiss sovereign abbess b 1478 327 September 10 Pier Luigi Farnese Duke of Parma b 1503 86 September 17 Frederick II of Legnica Duke of Legnica from 1488 until 1495 and 1505 with his brothers b 1480 328 October 18 Jacopo Sadoleto Italian Catholic cardinal b 1477 329 December 2 Hernan Cortes Spanish conquistador of Mexico b 1485 330 December 28 Konrad Peutinger German humanist and antiquarian b 1465 331 date unknown Jorg Breu the Younger German painter b 1510 332 Meera Mirabai Rajput princess b 1498 333 Photisarath King of Laos b 1501 334 1548 nbsp King Sigismund I the Old nbsp Saint Juan de Zumarraga nbsp Joao de CastroJanuary 9 Matthaus Zell German Lutheran pastor b 1477 335 January 23 Bernardo Pisano Italian composer b 1490 336 February 26 Lorenzino de Medici Italian writer and assassin b 1514 337 March 23 Itagaki Nobukata Japanese retainer March 24 Gissur Einarsson first Lutheran bishop in Iceland April 1 King Sigismund I the Old of Poland b 1467 93 June 3 Juan de Zumarraga Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico b 1468 338 June 6 Joao de Castro Portuguese explorer b 1500 339 June 14 Carpentras French composer b c 1470 340 July 4 Philip Duke of Palatinate Neuburg German duke b 1503 341 July 29 Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo Italian abbot Marquess of Saluzzo b 1501 342 August 2 Henry II Duke of Munsterberg Oels and Count of Glatz b 1507 343 September 5 Catherine Parr sixth and last Queen of Henry VIII of England b c 1512 344 September 8 John III of Pernstein Bohemian land owner Governor of Moravia and Count of Kladsko b 1487 345 October 27 Johannes Dantiscus Polish poet and Bishop of Warmia b 1485 346 November 16 Caspar Creuziger German humanist b 1504 347 December 27 Francesco Spiera Italian Protestant jurist b 1502 348 date unknown Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin Mexican Catholic saint b 1474 349 Chief Queen Sri Suriyothai consort of King Maha Chakkrapat of Ayutthaya killed in battle 350 Strongilah Jewish Ottoman businesswoman 351 1549 nbsp Pope Paul IIIJanuary 28 Elia Levita German Yiddish writer b 1469 February 14 Il Sodoma Italian painter b 1477 March Mingyi Swe Burmese viceroy of Toungoo March 14 Lorenzo Cybo Italian condottiero b 1500 March 20 Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley English politician and diplomat b 1508 March 25 Veit Dietrich German theologian writer and reformer b 1506 352 April Andrew Boorde English traveller b 1490 April 3 Matsudaira Hirotada Japanese daimyo b 1526 April 15 Christine of Saxony German noble b 1505 April 24 Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmorland English earl b 1498 May 11 Maria de Toledo Vicereine and regent of the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo b 1490 June 26 Luis Cancer Spanish Dominican priest missionary martyr and servant of God b 1500 July 19 Edmund Sheffield 1st Baron Sheffield English baron b 1521 August 11 Otto I Duke of Brunswick Harburg Prince of Luneburg and Baron of Harburg b 1495 September 10 Anthony Denny confidant of Henry VIII of England b 1501 September 21 Benedetto Accolti the Younger Italian Catholic cardinal b 1497 October 27 Marie d Albret Countess of Rethel French nobility b 1491 November 10 Pope Paul III b 1468 353 November 26 Henry Somerset 2nd Earl of Worcester b 1496 December 7 Robert Kett English rebel executed December 21 Marguerite de Navarre queen of Henry II of Navarre b 1492 354 date unknown Daniel Bomberg Brabantian printer 355 References edit Retha M Warnicke Warnicke Retha Marvine Warnicke 13 April 2000 The Marrying of Anne of Cleves Royal Protocol in Early Modern England Cambridge University Press p 1 ISBN 978 0 521 77037 8 a b Routh C R N 1990 Who s who in Tudor England Shepheard Walwyn pp 48 49 ISBN 978 0 85683 093 8 Drinkwater John 1786 A history of the late siege of Gibraltar With a description and account of that garrison from the earliest periods Printed by T Spilsbury p 8 Retrieved 2012 10 27 Weather chronicler 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06 About Us Campion Hall University of Oxford 1996 The Reckoned Expense Edmund Campion and the Early English Jesuits Essays in Celebration of the First Centenary of Campion Hall Oxford 1896 1996 Boydell amp Brewer Ltd p 14 ISBN 978 0 85115 590 6 Moons Magdalena 1541 1613 Huygens Instituut in Dutch Retrieved 15 September 2023 BRAINNE Charles 1852 Les Hommes illustres de l Orleanais biographie generale des trois departements du Loiret d Eure et Loir amp de Loir et Cher in French Alphonse Gatineau p 190 Retrieved 15 September 2023 Suchier Reinhard 1897 Die Munzen der Grafen von Hanau in German Hanau History Association p 46 Retrieved 15 September 2023 FRANCESCO I de Medici www treccani it in Italian Retrieved 15 September 2023 Brambilla Giovanni Alessandro 1782 Storia delle Scoperte Fisico Medico Anatomico Chirurgiche fatte dagli Uomini Illustri Italiani Scuola Romana Romani Toscani Napolitani E Veneziani 2 2 Secolo XVI in Italian Monistero di S Ambrogio maggiore p 131 Retrieved 15 September 2023 Potii Ipatii www encyclopediaofukraine com Gaspary Adolf 1888 Geschichte der italienischen Literatur in German K J Trubner p 565 Retrieved 15 September 2023 Cabezon Hernando de Grove Music Online Retrieved 15 September 2023 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Consistory of December 22 1553 cardinals fiu edu Retrieved 16 September 2023 Menzel Carl 1884 Geschichte von Nassau in German Kreidel p 326 Retrieved 16 September 2023 Voss Klaas Dieter 1 July 2018 Das Emder Religionsgesprach von 1578 Zur Genese des gedruckten Protokolls sowie Beobachtungen zum theologischen Profil der flamischen Mennoniten in German Evangelische Verlagsanstalt p 72 ISBN 978 3 374 05436 7 Retrieved 16 September 2023 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Consistory of March 6 1566 cardinals fiu edu Retrieved 16 September 2023 Bauhin Jean www deutsche biographie de in German Retrieved 16 September 2023 Charron Pierre 1697 Of wisdom three books London Printed for M Gillyflower M Bently H Bornwick J Tonson W Freeman T Goodwin M Wotton J Waltboe S Manship and R Parker p 1 Retrieved 16 September 2023 Frank Rutter 1930 El Greco 1541 1614 Methuen p 8 水野氏一族の群像 in Japanese 歴史研究会 p 61 Retrieved 16 September 2023 Bellingradt Daniel Reynolds Anna 12 April 2021 The Paper Trade in Early Modern Europe Practices Materials Networks BRILL p 304 ISBN 978 90 04 42400 5 Retrieved 16 September 2023 Turnbull Stephen 20 February 2008 The Samurai Swordsman Master of War Frontline Books p 53 ISBN 978 1 4738 1793 7 Retrieved 16 September 2023 Scudamore family Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 71878 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Subscription or UK public library membership required Testi Flavio 1969 La musica italiana nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento in Italian Bramante p 617 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Podhorodecki Leszek 1971 Hetman Jan Zamoyski 1542 1605 in Polish Wydawnictwo Minister obrony 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sixth earl of Westmorland Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 19924 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Subscription or UK public library membership required Pomerania Geschichte und Beschreibung des Pommernlandes in German C Sanne amp Comp 1846 p 73 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Murphy Caroline 2008 Isabella De Medici The Glorious Life and Tragic End of a Renaissance Princess Faber amp Faber p 17 ISBN 978 0 571 23030 3 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Kroon Anthonie Willem 1854 Geschiedenis van het huis van Oranje Nassau Afl 1 11 in Dutch Utrecht N de Zwaan p 44 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Richardt Aime 2004 Saint Robert Bellarmin 1542 1621 le defenseur de la foi in French F X de Guibert p 23 ISBN 978 2 86839 943 4 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Knodt Emil 1905 Die von den Grafen Albrecht und Philipp im Jahre 1576 publizierte Nassau Saarbrucken sche Kirchenordnung und Agende und ihre Weiterentwicklung ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Kirchengeschichte in German Nassauischen Colportagevereins p 12 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Smith Vincent Arthur 1917 Akbar the Great Mogul 1542 1605 Oxford Clarendon Press p 19 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Sainte Marie Anselme de 1728 Histoire genealogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France des pairs des grands officiers de la Couronne amp de la Maison du Roy amp des anciens barons du Royaume Par le P Anselme continuee par M Du Fourny Troisieme edition revue corrigee amp augmentee par les soins du P Ange amp du P Simplicien in French Des libraires associez p 451 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Novelle della repubblica letteraria 1751 in Italian Venice Carlo Alberto 1751 p 148 Retrieved 19 September 2023 Stecher Hansen Marianne 2004 Danish Writers from the Reformation to Decadence 1550 1900 Gale p 471 ISBN 978 0 7876 6837 2 Retrieved 20 September 2023 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Consistory of December 18 1587 cardinals fiu edu Retrieved 20 September 2023 Ewan Elizabeth 2006 The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004 Reprinted ed Edinburgh Edinburgh Univ Press p 400 ISBN 0 7486 1713 2 Allen Smith Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 387 Retrieved 20 September 2023 Subscription or UK public library membership required Vignau Wilberg Thea 2007 Flowers for His Mother An Unknown Cabinet Miniature by Joris Hoefnagel Master Drawings 45 4 522 526 ISSN 0025 5025 JSTOR 20444533 Retrieved 20 September 2023 Papinot Edmond 1909 Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan With 300 Illustrations 18 Appendixes and Several Maps Librairie Sansaisha p 655 Retrieved 20 September 2023 Levin Carole Bertolet Anna Riehl Carney Jo Eldridge 3 November 2016 A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts 1500 1650 Taylor amp Francis p 123 ISBN 978 1 315 44071 2 Retrieved 20 September 2023 Shapinsky Peter 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Friedrich 1873 Die evangelische Kirche im Lande zwischen Rhein Mosel Nahe und Glan bis zum Beginn des 30jahrigen Krieges Theil II Die Reformation der Kirche sowie der Kirche Schicksale und Gestaltung bis zum Jahre 1620 Abth 1 in German Marcus p 171 Retrieved 24 September 2023 Bauer Max 1907 Die deutsche Frau in der Vergangenheit in German A Schall p 341 Retrieved 24 September 2023 White Francis Overend 1898 Lives of the Elizabethan Bishops of the Anglican Church Skeffington p 375 Retrieved 24 September 2023 Bushell W D 19 January 2012 Hobson s Conduit The New River at Cambridge Commonly Called Hobson s River Cambridge University Press p 55 ISBN 978 1 108 04244 4 Retrieved 24 September 2023 Parsons Laurel Ravenscroft Brenda 4 September 2018 Analytical Essays on Music by Women Composers Secular amp Sacred Music to 1900 Oxford University Press p 47 ISBN 978 0 19 023703 5 Retrieved 24 September 2023 Whetstone George 1987 A critical edition of George Whetstone s 1582 An heptameron of civill 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1849 Furstenhaus und Land Wurttemberg nach den Hauptmomenten von der altesten bis auf die neueste Zeit in German Schweizerbart p 105 Retrieved 26 September 2023 Blatter fur Kostumkunde in German F Lipperheide 1878 p 17 Retrieved 26 September 2023 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Consistory of November 16 1586 cardinals fiu edu Retrieved 26 September 2023 Stewart Devin J December 2006 An Episode in the Amili Migration to Safavid Iran Husayn b Abd al Samad al Amili s Travel Account Iranian Studies 39 4 481 508 doi 10 1080 00210860601005070 ISSN 0021 0862 S2CID 159653382 Retrieved 26 September 2023 BAHAʾ AL DiN ʿAMELi iranicaonline org Retrieved 26 September 2023 Geoffrey Parker 25 June 2019 Emperor A New Life of Charles V Yale University Press p 400 ISBN 978 0 300 24102 0 Goclenius Rudolf Deutsche Biographie www deutsche biographie de in German Retrieved 26 September 2023 Bertolotti Bernardino Grove Music Online Retrieved 26 September 2023 Newcomb Anthony 2001 Bendidio Lucrezia Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 02639 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Gustav Axelsson Baner sok riksarkivet se Retrieved 27 September 2023 universitet Uppsala 1979 Charisteria Cracoviensia Universitati Regiae Nakl Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego p 44 ISBN 978 83 01 00704 1 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Kirkendale Warren 1993 The Court Musicians in Florence During the Principate of the Medici With a Reconstruction of the Artistic Establishment in Italian L S Olschki p 181 ISBN 978 88 222 4108 5 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Landini Roberta Orsi 1993 Moda alla corte dei Medici gli abiti restaurati di Cosimo Eleonora e don Garzia in Italian Centro Di p 37 ISBN 978 88 7038 238 9 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Kobbe Peter Ludwig Christian von 1836 Geschichte und Landesbeschreibung des Herzogthums Lauenburg in German Johann Friedrich Hammerich p 404 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Soldan Friedrich 1896 Geschichte des Grossherzogtums Hessen in German E Roth p 125 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September 2023 Lebensgeschichtliche Nachrichten uber die Liederdichter welche im Neuen Gesangbuche fur die Evangelische Kirche der Pfalz angefuhrt sind in German Verlag des Evang Vereins 1859 p 106 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Gebhard www deutsche biographie de in German Retrieved 27 September 2023 Corlieu Auguste 1873 La mort des rois de France depuis Francois 1er jusqu a la Revolution francaise in French Germer Bailliere p 63 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Schmid Schwarzenberg Franz Xaver 1860 Nicolaus Taurellus in German T Blaesing p 1 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Schwarzwalder Herbert 1987 Reisen und Reisende in Nordwestdeutschland Beschreibungen Tagebucher und Briefe Itinerare und Kostenrechnungen in German A Lax p 193 ISBN 978 3 7848 2421 5 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Kroon Anthonie Willem 1854 Geschiedenis van het huis van Oranje Nassau Afl 1 11 in Dutch Utrecht N de Zwaan p 44 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Alessio Matteo Perez de Benezit Dictionary of Artists Retrieved 27 September 2023 McGrady Donald 1968 Mateo Aleman Ardent Media p 41 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Wood Anthony a 1813 Athenae Oxonienses An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who Have Had Their Education in the University of Oxford To which are Added the Fasti Or Annals of the Said University F C amp J Rivington p 656 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Mazzocco Angelo 31 May 2016 A New Sense of the Past The Scholarship of Biondo Flavio 1392 1463 in Italian Leuven University Press p 229 ISBN 978 94 6270 048 2 Retrieved 27 September 2023 Beard Mary Ritter 1953 The Force of Women in Japanese History Public Affairs Press p 81 ISBN 978 0 8183 0167 4 Retrieved 28 September 2023 LABeDZ PIOTR 2011 DZIALALNOSC WOJSKOWA KRZYSZTOFA RADZIWILLA PIORUNA W LATACH 1572 1579 PDF Zapiski Historyczne LXXVI 1 23 Retrieved 28 September 2023 Lennon Colm Stanyhurst Richard 1981 Richard Stanihurst the Dubliner 1547 1618 a biography with a Stanihurst text On Ireland s past Blackrock Irish Academic Press p 13 ISBN 978 0 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