Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi (Kurdish: شەرەفخانی بەدلیسی, Şerefxanê Bedlîsî; Persian: شرفالدین خان بن شمسالدین بن شرف بیگ بدلیسی; 25 February 1543 – c. 1603–04)[3] was a Kurdish[4]Emir of Bitlis. He was also a historian, writer and poet. He wrote exclusively in Persian. Born in the Qara Rud village, in central Iran, between Arak and Qom, at a young age he was sent to the Safavids' court and obtained his education there.
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi statue at Slemani Public Park in Silêmanî, Iraqi Kurdistan
He is the author of Sharafnama, one of the most important works on medieval Kurdish history, written in 1597. He created a good picture of Kurdish life and Kurdish dynasties in the 16th century in his works. Outside Iran and Kurdish-speaking countries, Sharaf Khan Bidlisi has influenced Kurdish literature and societies through the translation of his works by other scholars.
He was also a gifted artist and a well-educated man, excelling as much in mathematics and military strategy as he did in history.
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi was born on 25 February 1543, in the Markazi province of Iran in the Garmrood village, during the exile of his father. His father was Shamsheddin, a KurdishBeg,[5] while his mother was of Turkic descent and belonged to the Mawsillu tribe.[6]
He was a member of the Rojkî tribe, whose members governed the Bitlis Emirate at the time[7] and had ruled intermittently as an independent emirate since at least the 9th century. Sharafkhan therefore never took up the common tribal title of "Khan", preferring instead the royal title of emir or mir, "prince." He was most commonly known as Mir Sharaf (Prince Sharaf).
Later his family was taken under protection of the Safavid dynasty.[8] He was schooled at Tahmasb's court, and wrote in 1596:
"When I turned nine (in 1551) I entered the private harem (haram-i khass)... for three years (1551–1554) I served the family (Silsila) of that refined (pakiza atvar) shah as a page at the inner palace."
— Sharaf Khan Bidlisi
Bedlîsî spoke of his education entailing instruction in the Quran, readings on the principles of shari'a, piety and purity. Due to Shah Tahmasp's religious disposition, Bidlisi was introduced to religious scholars, who warned him against evil people, and instead encouraged friendship with the virtuous. And once Bidlisi attained maturity, he was taught the martial arts (sipahigira), archery, polo, racing, swordsmanship, and the precepts of chivalry – humanism and generosity.[9]
Reign
In 1576 Tahmasb of the Safavids gave him the title of Mir of Mirs and appointed him leader of all Iranian Kurdish tribes.[citation needed] He accepted his title, but only two years later, Sharafkhan abandoned his previous stand, and supported the Ottomans in their war against the Iranians, offering them 400 soldiers. In 1578, Sultan Murad III, the Ottoman Sultan, granted Sharafkhan the title of Emir and he became the Mir of the Emirate of Bitlis.[10] Between 1578 and 1588, Sharafkhan virtually led all the Ottoman wars against the Persians.[11] In 1597, Sharafkhan gave the authority of his dynasty to his son Šams-al-Dīn.[3]
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi was planning for a long time to write a book about Kurdish history, and finally in 1597 he started writing his epic, Sharafnama. The Sharafnama divides its history into four parts. The first one deals with the five Kurdish dynasties that have enjoyed status as royalty (Saltant): the Marwanids of Amed, the Hasanwayhids of Dinavar and Sharizur, the Fadluyids of the Great Lur, the princes of little Lur, and finally, Saladin the Great and the Ayyubids. The second part lists dynasties that have had coin struck and the khutba recited in their names. (The Khutba is a religious invocation pronounced at the Friday day prayers meeting that mentions the Prophet, the first four caliphs and the current rulers). The third part numbers the families of the hereditary governors, while the fourth details the history of the mirs of Bitilis.[12]
^Kemal H. Karpat (2003). Ottoman Borderlands: Issues, Personalities, and Political Changes. Center of Turkish Studies, University of Wisconsin. p. 150.
^Osman Gazi Özgüdenli (1988–2016). "ŞEREF HAN (ö. 1012/1603-1604) Şerefnâme adlı tarihiyle meşhur olan Bitlis hâkimi.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
^Gunter, Michael M. (22 June 2009). The A to Z of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. p. 27. ISBN978-0-8108-6334-7.
^Gunter, Michael M. (22 June 2009). The A to Z of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-0-8108-6334-7.
^"ŞEREF HAN - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 9 September 2021.
^Aktürk, Ahmet Serdar (2018). "Family, Empire, and Nation: Kurdish Bedirkhanis and the Politics of Origins in a Changing Era". Journal of Global South Studies. 35 (2): 393. doi:10.1353/gss.2018.0032. ISSN 2476-1419. S2CID 158487762 – via Project MUSE.
^Singh, NK (2004). Encyclopaedic Historiography of the Muslim World. ISBN9788187746546.
^R. Babaie, Sussan (2004). Slaves of the Shah: new elites of Safavid Iran. ISBN9781860647215.
^Eppel, Michael (8 August 2018). "The Kurdish emirates". Routledge Handbook on the Kurds. Routledge Handbooks Online. pp. 35–47. doi:10.4324/9781315627427-4. ISBN978-1-138-64664-3. S2CID 186808301.
^N. S. Sellers, Mortimer (1996). The New world order: sovereignty, human rights, and the self-determination. ISBN9781859730645.
Alsancakli, Sacha (2017). "Matrimonial Alliances and the Transmission of Dynastic Power in Kurdistan: The Case of the Diyādīnids of Bidlīs in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries". Eurasian Studies. 15 (2): 222–249. doi:10.1163/24685623-12340037.
Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. p. 248. ISBN978-1933823232.
Osman Gazi Özgüdenli (1988–2016). "ŞEREF HAN (ö. 1012/1603-1604) Şerefnâme adlı tarihiyle meşhur olan Bitlis hâkimi.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
Yamaguchi, Akihiko (2021). "The Kurdish frontier under the Safavids". In Matthee, Rudi (ed.). The Safavid World. Routledge. pp. 556–571.
sharafkhan, bidlisi, sharaf, khan, shams, sharaf, bedlisi, kurdish, شەرەفخانی, بەدلیسی, şerefxanê, bedlîsî, persian, شرف, الدین, خان, بن, شمس, الدین, بن, شرف, بیگ, بدلیسی, february, 1543, 1603, kurdish, emir, bitlis, also, historian, writer, poet, wrote, exclu. Sharaf al Din Khan b Shams al Din b Sharaf Beg Bedlisi Kurdish شەرەفخانی بەدلیسی Serefxane Bedlisi Persian شرف الدین خان بن شمس الدین بن شرف بیگ بدلیسی 25 February 1543 c 1603 04 3 was a Kurdish 4 Emir of Bitlis He was also a historian writer and poet He wrote exclusively in Persian Born in the Qara Rud village in central Iran between Arak and Qom at a young age he was sent to the Safavids court and obtained his education there Sharafkhan BidlisiEmir Mir and KhanA portrait of Sharaf Khan BidlisiEmir of BitlisPredecessorShamsaddin Beg as emir of Bitlis Ulama Tekelu Han 1 as beylerbey of Bitlis SuccessorShamsaddin Beg AbulmalikBorn25 February 1543Karahrud Safavid IranDied1603 1604 60 61 years old IssueShamsaddin Beg AbulmalikNamesSharaf Khan BidlisiDynastyRojkiFatherShamsaddin BegMotherA daughter of Emir Han Musullu 2 ReligionSunni IslamSharaf Khan Bidlisi statue at Slemani Public Park in Silemani Iraqi KurdistanHe is the author of Sharafnama one of the most important works on medieval Kurdish history written in 1597 He created a good picture of Kurdish life and Kurdish dynasties in the 16th century in his works Outside Iran and Kurdish speaking countries Sharaf Khan Bidlisi has influenced Kurdish literature and societies through the translation of his works by other scholars He was also a gifted artist and a well educated man excelling as much in mathematics and military strategy as he did in history Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 3 Sharafnama 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksEarly life EditSharaf Khan Bidlisi was born on 25 February 1543 in the Markazi province of Iran in the Garmrood village during the exile of his father His father was Shamsheddin a Kurdish Beg 5 while his mother was of Turkic descent and belonged to the Mawsillu tribe 6 He was a member of the Rojki tribe whose members governed the Bitlis Emirate at the time 7 and had ruled intermittently as an independent emirate since at least the 9th century Sharafkhan therefore never took up the common tribal title of Khan preferring instead the royal title of emir or mir prince He was most commonly known as Mir Sharaf Prince Sharaf Later his family was taken under protection of the Safavid dynasty 8 He was schooled at Tahmasb s court and wrote in 1596 When I turned nine in 1551 I entered the private harem haram i khass for three years 1551 1554 I served the family Silsila of that refined pakiza atvar shah as a page at the inner palace Sharaf Khan Bidlisi Bedlisi spoke of his education entailing instruction in the Quran readings on the principles of shari a piety and purity Due to Shah Tahmasp s religious disposition Bidlisi was introduced to religious scholars who warned him against evil people and instead encouraged friendship with the virtuous And once Bidlisi attained maturity he was taught the martial arts sipahigira archery polo racing swordsmanship and the precepts of chivalry humanism and generosity 9 Reign EditIn 1576 Tahmasb of the Safavids gave him the title of Mir of Mirs and appointed him leader of all Iranian Kurdish tribes citation needed He accepted his title but only two years later Sharafkhan abandoned his previous stand and supported the Ottomans in their war against the Iranians offering them 400 soldiers In 1578 Sultan Murad III the Ottoman Sultan granted Sharafkhan the title of Emir and he became the Mir of the Emirate of Bitlis 10 Between 1578 and 1588 Sharafkhan virtually led all the Ottoman wars against the Persians 11 In 1597 Sharafkhan gave the authority of his dynasty to his son Sams al Din 3 Sharafnama EditMain article Sharafnama Sharaf Khan Bidlisi was planning for a long time to write a book about Kurdish history and finally in 1597 he started writing his epic Sharafnama The Sharafnama divides its history into four parts The first one deals with the five Kurdish dynasties that have enjoyed status as royalty Saltant the Marwanids of Amed the Hasanwayhids of Dinavar and Sharizur the Fadluyids of the Great Lur the princes of little Lur and finally Saladin the Great and the Ayyubids The second part lists dynasties that have had coin struck and the khutba recited in their names The Khutba is a religious invocation pronounced at the Friday day prayers meeting that mentions the Prophet the first four caliphs and the current rulers The third part numbers the families of the hereditary governors while the fourth details the history of the mirs of Bitilis 12 See also EditKurdish history List of Kurdish dynasties and countries Mem and ZinReferences Edit Kemal H Karpat 2003 Ottoman Borderlands Issues Personalities and Political Changes Center of Turkish Studies University of Wisconsin p 150 Osman Gazi Ozgudenli 1988 2016 SEREF HAN o 1012 1603 1604 Serefname adli tarihiyle meshur olan Bitlis hakimi TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 44 2 vols in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies a b Glassen Erika BEDLiSi SARAF AL DiN KHAN Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 31 March 2015 Gunter Michael M 22 June 2009 The A to Z of the Kurds Scarecrow Press p 27 ISBN 978 0 8108 6334 7 Gunter Michael M 22 June 2009 The A to Z of the Kurds Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 6334 7 SEREF HAN TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi in Turkish Retrieved 9 September 2021 Akturk Ahmet Serdar 2018 Family Empire and Nation Kurdish Bedirkhanis and the Politics of Origins in a Changing Era Journal of Global South Studies 35 2 393 doi 10 1353 gss 2018 0032 ISSN 2476 1419 S2CID 158487762 via Project MUSE Singh NK 2004 Encyclopaedic Historiography of the Muslim World ISBN 9788187746546 R Babaie Sussan 2004 Slaves of the Shah new elites of Safavid Iran ISBN 9781860647215 Eppel Michael 8 August 2018 The Kurdish emirates Routledge Handbook on the Kurds Routledge Handbooks Online pp 35 47 doi 10 4324 9781315627427 4 ISBN 978 1 138 64664 3 S2CID 186808301 N S Sellers Mortimer 1996 The New world order sovereignty human rights and the self determination ISBN 9781859730645 M Gunter Michael 2009 The A to Z of the Kurds ISBN 9780810863347 Sources EditAlsancakli Sacha 2017 Matrimonial Alliances and the Transmission of Dynastic Power in Kurdistan The Case of the Diyadinids of Bidlis in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries Eurasian Studies 15 2 222 249 doi 10 1163 24685623 12340037 Floor Willem M 2008 Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran A Third Manual of Safavid Administration by Mirza Naqi Nasiri Washington DC Mage Publishers p 248 ISBN 978 1933823232 Osman Gazi Ozgudenli 1988 2016 SEREF HAN o 1012 1603 1604 Serefname adli tarihiyle meshur olan Bitlis hakimi TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 44 2 vols in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies Yamaguchi Akihiko 2021 The Kurdish frontier under the Safavids In Matthee Rudi ed The Safavid World Routledge pp 556 571 External links EditKURDISTANICA History of Kurdology at the IOM IOM First written in the 16th century Sharafnama remains a masterpiece in the Kurdish library four centuries later Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sharafkhan Bidlisi amp oldid 1157586482, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
