Wikipedia
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.
Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia.
ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.
Main table
| Population | Language | n | C | D | F | K[nb 1] | N | O1a | O1b | O2 | P | Q | Others | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 40 | 5.0 | 0 | 2.5 | ≥10.0 | 82.5 | 0 | Shi 2005 Yang 2005 | |||||
| Aeta (Philippines) | Austronesian | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | NO=12, S=60 | Karafet 2015[1] |
| Aini (Xishuangbanna) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 52 | 11.5 | 0 | 3.8 | O2a= 7.7 | 40.4 | 0 | K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Ainu | Ainu | 16 | 12.5 | 87.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||
| Andamanese | Andamanese | 37 | 0 | 73.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 0 | Thangaraj 2002[4] | ||
| Bali (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 551 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 18.1 | 58.8 | 6.9 | 0.4 | H=3.4 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
| Borneo (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 86 | 22.1 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 9.3 | 20.9 | 36.0 | 0 | 0 | H=1.2, R=2.3, S=5.8 | Karafet 2010[6] |
| Chin (Chin State) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 19 | 42.1 | 52.6 | Peng 2014[7] | |||||||||
| South China | ST, HM | 384 | 9.6 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 57.8 | 0.3 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Daur | Altaic (Mongolic) | 39 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | ≥7.7 | ≥5.1 | 20.5 | 25.6 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.6 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Deng (Zayü County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 109 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 94.4 | Kang 2012[9] | |||||||
| East Asia | East Asian languages | 988 | 19.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 16.3 | 33.7 | R1a=2.8 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Filipino | Austronesian | 50 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 46 | 38 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||||
| Filipino | Austronesian | 115 | 5 | 20 | 28 | 3 | 39 | S=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | |||||
| Garo | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 71 | 8.5 | 0 | ≥11.3 | 59.2 | 7.0 | H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2 | Reddy 2007[11] | |||||
| Han (China) | ST (Sinitic) | 166 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 16.3 | 55.4 | 0.6 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 52.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Meixian, Guangdong) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 8.6 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 51.4 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 65.7 | 0 | J=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) | ST (Sinitic) | 30 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 36.7 | 0 | J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Han (Xi'an) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 23.53 | 8.82 | 5.88 | 8.82 | 8.82 | 38.24 | 2.94 | R=2.94 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Han (Yili, Xinjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 32 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 9.4 | 0 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 46.9 | R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Han (Taiwan) | ST (Sinitic) | 183 | 6.3 | 0.3 | 22.4 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 1.1 | Tsai 2001[13] | |||||
| Hani (China) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 34 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 | 11.8 | 0 | 50.0 | 17.6 | 0 | Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Hezhe (China) | Altaic (Tungusic) | 45 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 17.8 | 0 | 6.7 | 44.4 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.2 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Hmong–Mien (China) | Hmong–Mien | 169 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 22.5 | 61.5 | 0 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
| Hui (Ningxia, China) | Sino-Tibetan | 54 | 1.9 | R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1; J = 9.3; L = 1.9 | Karafet 2001[14] | |||||||||
| Northeast India | Tibeto-Burman | 173 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0 | 86.7 | 0 | H=2.9 | Cordaux 2004[15] | ||||
| East Indonesia | Austronesian, Papuan | 344 | 61.9 | 0 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 7.3 | S=11,M=4 | Mona 2009[16] | |||||
| Japan | Japanese | 259 | 8.5 | 34.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 31.6 | 20.1 | 0 | 0.4 | NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan | Japanese | 263 | 5.3 | 39.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 34.2 | 16.7 | 0.4 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | ||
| Japan | Japanese | 2390 | C1=4.7 C2=6.1 | 32.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 19.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sato 2014[19] |
| Japan (Kyushu) | Japanese | 53 | 7.5 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 35.8 | 26.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan (Tokushima) | Japanese | 70 | 12.8 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0 | 32.9 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
| Japan (Tokyo) | Japanese | 56 | 36.0 | 3.2 | 18.0 | Poznik et al. (2016)[20] | ||||||||
| Japan (Kantō) | Japanese | 137 | 3.6 | 48.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 3.07 | 14.5 | 0.7 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||
| Western Japan | Japanese | 97 | 7.2 | 26.8 | 4.1 | 37.1 | 23.9 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||||
| Java | Austronesian | 53 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 22.6 | 41.5 | 22.6 | R1=3.8 | Kayser 2002[21] | |||
| Khalkh | Altaic (Mongolic) | 85 | 56.5 | 3.5 | 2.4[22] | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 | Katoh 2004[23] | ||||
| Korea | Korean | 317 | 9.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 30.3 | 44.5 | 0.6 | Shin 2001[24] | |||||
| Korea | Korean | 110 | 15.5 | 0 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 28.2 | 45.5 | K(xNO)=1.8 | Kim 2007[25] | ||||
| Koreans (China) | Korean | 25 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 32.0 | 40.0 | 0 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Koreans (Korea) | Korean | 43 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0 | 30.2 | 39.5 | P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3 | Xue 2006[8] | ||||
| Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) | Korean | 110 | 13.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 28.2 | 50.9 | 2.7 | L=0.9 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Koreans (Gangwon) | Korean | 63 | 12.7 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 39.7 | 38.1 | 1.6 | Kim 2011[12] | |||||
| Koreans (Chungcheong) | Korean | 72 | 11.1 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 30.6 | 50 | 1.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
| Koreans (Jeolla) | Korean | 90 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 33.3 | 43.3 | L=1.1 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
| Koreans (Gyeongsang) | Korean | 84 | 16.7 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 33.3 | 36.9 | 1.2 | L=1.2 R=1.2 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| Koreans (Jeju) | Korean | 87 | 8.1 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 32.2 | 43.7 | 1.2 | R=1.2 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
| South Korea | Korean | 506 | 12.6 | 1.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 32.4 | 44.3 | 1.4 | L=0.6, R=0.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||
| South Korea | Korean | 706 | 12.9 | 2.5 | 0 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 33.4 | 42.1 | 1.8 | R=0.1, J1=0.1 | Park 2012[26] | ||
| Lhoba (Mainling County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 61 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 34.6 | 33.8 | 0.8 | J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5 | Kang 2012[9] | ||||
| Island South East Asia | Austronesian | 312 | 15.7 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 14.1 | 18.6 | M1=5.4 | Capelli 2001[27] | |||||
| Island South East Asia | Austronesian, Papuan | 272 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 22.1 | S=4, M=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | |||||
| Austronesian | 50 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 32 | 30 | M=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | ||||
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 101 | 16.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 33.7 | 42.6 | O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0 | Katoh 2004[23] | |||||
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 35 | 25.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 37.1 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 149 | 8.1 | G=0.7; J=2.7 | Hammer 2005[17] | |||||||||
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 65 | 53.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 4.5 | R1=9.1 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Inner Mongolia | Mongolic, Sinitic | 45 | 46.7 | 0 | 4.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 2.2 | 28.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Naga (Myanmar) | Tibeto-Burman | 15 | 100 | Peng 2014[7] | ||||||||||
| Negritos (Philippines) | Austronesian | 64 | 10.8 | 50.8 | 13.8 | 4.6 | O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5 | Heyer 2013[29] | ||||||
| Oroqen | Tungusic | 31 | 61.3 | 0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 19.4 | 0 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Qiang | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 33 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 36.4 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Sibe | Tungusic | 41 | 26.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 26.8 | J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Sulawesi | Austronesian | 54 | 22.2 | 0 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 0 | 21.4 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | R=3.7, M=3.7, S=5.6 | Karafet 2010[6] |
| Sumatra | Austronesian | 57 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 14 | 3.5 | 0 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 29.8 | S=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | ||
| Taiwanese aborigines | Austronesian | 246 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.3 | 10.6 | 11.0 | Capelli 2001[27] | ||||
| Thai | Tai–Kadai | 34 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 35.3 | O(xO1,O3)=44.1 | Tajima 2004[3] | ||||
| Tibet | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 156 | 2.6 | 51.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 33.9 | 3.2 | H=1.9, R1a=1.9 | Gayden 2007[30] | ||
| Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 46 | 8.7 | 41.3 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 39.1 | 4.3 | Wen 2004[2] | ||
| Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 50 | 4.0 | 36.0 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 44.0 | 0 | Wen 2004[31] | ||||
| Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 92 | 14.1 | 22.8 | 14.1 | 21.7 | 1.1 | 19.6 | 6.5 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 39 | 2.6 | 48.7 | 5.1[32] | 7.7 | 0 | 10.3 | J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6 | Zhou 2008[33] | ||||
| Tibetans | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 35 | 0 | 42.9 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 40.0 | 0 | R1a1=8.6 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
| Tibeto-Burman | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 964 | 8.4 | 18.5 | 5.4 | 17.7 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 38.7 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Tujia (Hunan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 155 | 15.5 | 1.3 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 53.5 | 1.9 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Uyghur | Altaic (Turkic) | 70 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.4 | others=63 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Vietnam | Austroasiatic | 70 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 7.1 | J=2.9 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
| Yao (Bama, Guangxi) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 40.0 | 34.3 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 82.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
| Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 125 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 18 | 28.0 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 28.8 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
| Zakhchin | Altaic (Mongolic) | 60 | 46.7 | 3.3 | 1.7[34] | N1c= 3.3 | 0 | O2b= 3.3 | 8.3 | R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 | Katoh 2004[23] | |||
| Zhuang (Yongbei) | Tai–Kadai | 23 | 8.7 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 17.39 | 30.44 | 17.4 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Youjiang) | Tai–Kadai | 5 | 40 | 20 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Tianlin) | Tai–Kadai | 22 | 4.55 | 72.73 | 9.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Bouyei (Guibian) | Tai–Kadai | 4 | 25 | 25 | 25 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Hongshuihe) | Tai–Kadai | 39 | 2.56 | 5.13 | 5.13 | 10.26 | 12.82 | 41.02 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Guibei) | Tai–Kadai | 21 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 9.52 | 28.58 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
| Zhuang (Yongnan) | Tai–Kadai | 19 | 5.26 | 10.53 | 21.06 | 42.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||
| Tay (Zuojiang) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 6.67 | 40 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
| Zhuang (Shangsi) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 20 | 66.67 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||||
| Nung (Dejing) | Tai–Kadai | 3 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100 | Chen 2006[35] |
Austronesian and Tai-Kadai
The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).[36]
| Ethnolinguistic group | Language branch | n | C | D (xD1) | D1 | F(xK) | M | K[nb 2] | O (xO1a, O1b1a1a,O2) | O1a(xO1a2) | O1a2 (M110/M50) | O1b1a1a (xO1b1a1a1a1a) | O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88) | O2 (xO2a1a1a1a1, O2a2a1a2, O2a2b1a1) | O2a1a1a1a1 (M121) | O2a2a1a2 (M7) | O2a2b1 (xO2a2b1a1) | O2a2b1a1 (M117) | P (inc. Q & R) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolyu | Austroasiatic (Pakanic) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 23.3 | 30.0 | 6.7 | 10.0 | ||||||||
| Buyang (Yerong) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 16 | 62.5 | 6.3 | 18.8 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
| Qau (Bijie) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 13 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 30.8 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Blue Gelao (Longlin) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 60.0 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Lachi | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 23.3 | |||||||
| Mulao (Majiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 63.3 | 3.3 | ||||||||||
| Red Gelao (Dafang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 16.1 | ||||||||||
| White Gelao (Malipo) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 14 | 35.7 | 14.3 | 42.9 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||
| Hlai (Qi, Tongza) | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 34 | 35.3 | 32.4 | 29.4 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||
| Jiamao | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 27 | 25.9 | 51.9 | 22.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Paha | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 32 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 71.9 | |||||||||||
| Cun | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
| Qabiao | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 25 | 32.0 | 4.0 | 60.0 | 4.0 | |||||||||||||
| Caolan | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 30 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 53.3 | 3.3 | 20.0 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Zhuang, Northern (Wuming) | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 22 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 72.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
| Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo) | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||
| Lingao | Tai-Kadai (Be) | 30 | 3.3 | 16.7 | 26.7 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 26.7 | ||||||||||
| E | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 31 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 16.1 | 6.5 | 54.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Lakkia | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 23 | 4.4 | 52.2 | 4.4 | 8.7 | 26.1 | 4.4 | |||||||||||
| Kam (Sanjiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 38 | 21.1 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 39.5 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 10.5 | ||||||||||
| Sui (Rongshui) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 50 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 18.0 | 44.0 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||
| Mak & Ai-Cham | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 87.5 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
| Mulam | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 5.0 | ||||||||
| Maonan | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 32 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 15.6 | 56.3 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
| Biao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 34 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 17.7 | 52.9 | 5.9 | |||||||||||
| Then | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 6.7 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
| Tanka (Lingshui) | Sinitic | 40 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 7.5 | 17.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 15.0 | |||||||
| Cao Miao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 33 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 66.7 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||
| Amis | Austronesian (Formosan) | 28 | 7.1 | 42.8 | 17.8 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 3.6 | |||||||||||
| Pazeh | Austronesian (Formosan) | 21 | 14.3 | 38.1 | 19.1 | 14.3 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
| Siraya (Makatao) | Austronesian (Formosan) | 37 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 70.3 | 5.4 | 13.5 | |||||||||||
| Thao | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 4.6 | 81.8 | 4.6 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Paiwan | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 63.6 | 27.3 | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Atayal | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 95.5 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Rukai | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 81.8 | 18.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Puyuma | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 72.7 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Tsou | Austronesian (Formosan) | 18 | 88.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Bunun | Austronesian (Formosan) | 17 | 5.9 | 17.6 | 58.8 | 17.6 | |||||||||||||
| Saisiyat | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 27.3 | ||||||||||||
| Batak | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 13 | 11.6 | 19.3 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Bangka | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
| Malay (Riau) | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | ||||||||||
| Minangkabau | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
| Palembang | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 63.6 | 18.2 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
| Nias | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 12 | 8.3 | 91.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah) | Austronesian (Bornean) | 15 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 13.3 | ||||||||||
| Banjar | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | ||||||||||||
| Javanese | Austronesian (Javanese) | 15 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||
| Tengger | Austronesian (Javanese) | 12 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 8.3 | ||||||||||||
| Balinese | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 14 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | |||||||||||
| Bugis | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||
| Toraja | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 6.7 | ||||||||||
| Minahasa | Austronesian (Philippine) | 14 | 7.1 | 50.0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
| Makassar | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 13 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | ||||||||||||
| Kaili | Austronesian (Celebic) | 15 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 6.7 | |||||||||||
| Sasak | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
| Sumbawa | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 18 | 16.7 | 83.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Sumba | Austronesian (CEMP) | 14 | 14.3 | 78.6 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Alor | Trans–New Guinea | 13 | 38.5 | 30.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||
| Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) | Austronesian (CEMP) | 11 | 45.5 | 36.4 | 18.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cham (Binh Dinh) | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 90.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Tsat | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 31 | 12.9 | 16.1 | 58.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 3.2 |
Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan
The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).[2]
| Population | n | C-M130 | D* | D1-M15 | F(xK) | K(xO,P1) | O2 (M122) | O2a2b1 (M134) | O1a (M119) | O1b1a1a (M95) | P1 (M45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibetan (Qinghai) | 92 | 14.13 | 20.65 | 2.17 | 14.13 | 21.74 | 5.43 | 14.13 | 1.09 | 6.52 | |
| Tibetan (Tibet 1) | 75 | 2.67 | 33.33 | 16 | 2.67 | 5.33 | 1.33 | 32 | 6.67 | ||
| Tibetan (Tibet 2) | 46 | 8.7 | 23.91 | 17.39 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 34.78 | 2.17 | 4.35 | ||
| Tibetan (Diqing) | 27 | 44.44 | 3.7 | 14.81 | 7.41 | 29.63 | |||||
| Tibetan (Zhongdian) | 49 | 2.04 | 28.57 | 8.16 | 2.04 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 34.69 | 4.08 | ||
| Bai (Dali) | 61 | 8.2 | 1.64 | 4.92 | 18.03 | 16.39 | 34.43 | 4.92 | 11.48 | ||
| Lisu (Fugong) | 49 | 2.04 | 22.45 | 4.08 | 61.22 | 8.16 | 2.04 | ||||
| Naxi | 40 | 2.5 | 37.5 | 7.5 | 2.5 | 5 | |||||
| Nu | 28 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 14.29 | 71.43 | 7.14 | |||||
| Pumi | 47 | 6.38 | 70.21 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 4.26 | 2.13 | ||
| Yi (Liangshan) | 14 | 14.29 | 42.86 | 21.43 | 7.14 | 14.29 | |||||
| Yi (Shuangbai) | 50 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 38 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
| Yi (Butuo) | 43 | 2.33 | 16.28 | 4.65 | 34.88 | 4.65 | 27.91 | 9.3 | |||
| Aini (Xishuangbanna) | 52 | 11.54 | 1.92 | 34.62 | 26.92 | 13.46 | 3.85 | 7.69 | |||
| Bai (Xishuangbanna) | 20 | 2 | 3 | 25 | 15 | 1 | |||||
| Hani (Xishuangbanna) | 34 | 11.76 | 35.29 | 32.35 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 2.94 | ||||
| Jino | 36 | 13.89 | 5.56 | 36.11 | 19.44 | 19.44 | 5.56 | ||||
| Lahu (Simao) | 13 | 15.38 | 30.77 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 7.69 | ||||
| Lahu (Xishuangbanna) | 15 | 6.67 | 2 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 2 | 13.33 | ||||
| Yi (Xishuangbanna) | 18 | 11.11 | 5.56 | 33.33 | 27.78 | 16.67 | 5.56 | ||||
| Tujia (western Hunan) | 68 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 10.29 | 29.41 | 26.47 | 7.35 | 8.82 | |||
| Tujia (Yongshun) | 38 | 5.26 | 2.63 | 23.68 | 39.47 | 10.53 | 15.79 | 2.63 | |||
| Tujia (Jishou) | 49 | 24.49 | 2.04 | 8.16 | 30.61 | 22.45 | 8.16 | 4.08 |
See also
- Y-DNA haplogroups by group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Far East
Notes
References
- ^ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
- ^ a b c d e f g Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
- ^ a b c Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
- ^ Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ a b Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
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- ^ a b Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
- ^ B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia
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- ^ F(xJ,K): may include G, H or I.
- ^ a b c Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis
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- ^ a b Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
- ^ a b Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
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- ^ Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
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