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Bolyu language

February 18, 2023

This article is about a Mon-Khmer language also known as "Lai". For the Sino-Tibetan language grouping, see Lai languages.

The Bolyu language (autonym: pɔ33 lju13; Chinese: 巴琉语, 布流语; also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai 俫语, 徕语) is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch.[2] The Bolyu are among the unrecognized ethnic groups of China.

Bolyu
Pronunciationpɔ33 lju13
Native toChina
RegionLonglin County, Guangxi
EthnicityBolyu 1,800 (2007)[1]
Native speakers
500 (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ply
Glottologboly1239
ELPBolyu

Classification

Bolyu is related to the Bugan language, forming the Pakanic branch along with it. In 1984, Bolyu was first studied by Liang Min of the Nationalities Research Institute in Beijing. Liang was the first to suggest a Mon–Khmer affiliation of Bolyu, which was later confirmed by Western linguists such as Paul K. Benedict, Paul Sidwell, and Jerold A. Edmondson. However, the place of the Pakanic branch within the Mon–Khmer family is uncertain. Sidwell (1995) suggests that the Pakanic branch may be an Eastern Mon–Khmer branch, thus making it most closely related to the Vietic branch. However, Gérard Diffloth classifies Pakanic as Northern Mon–Khmer, making it most closely related to the Palaungic branch.[3]

Distribution

Bolyu speakers are found in the following locations in southern China.[4][5][6]

  • Douhong 斗烘屯, Xinhe 新合村, Changfa township 长发, Longlin County, Guangxi (often living with Gelao neighbors). Also spoken in the nearby townships of Kechang 克长, De'e 德峨, and Changme 长么.[7]
    • Xinhe 新合村 - Datiezhai 打铁寨, Changfajie 长发街: 50 speakers
    • Xinhua 新华村 - Luowan 罗湾: 300; Kabao 卡保, Renshang 仁上: 160 speakers
    • Villages with only Bolyu people: Muzi 亩子, Dazhai 大寨, Xiaozhai 小寨
  • Guosha/Hengsha 过沙/亨沙, Wenya 文雅村, Puhe Miao Autonomous Township 普合苗族自治乡, Xilin County, Guangxi. Also spoken in Naya 那牙, Badahe Township 八大河乡.[7] 230 speakers total.

Li (1999) documents the Bolyu variety of Muzitun 亩子屯, Xinhe Village 新合村, Changfa Township 长发乡, Longlin County, Guangxi.

In the following villages, only elderly speakers of Bolyu remain.

  • Zhelang township 者浪乡: Zhezhai 者寨, Langrong 郎荣, Linghao 岭好
  • Kechang township 克场乡: Haichang 海长
  • Shechang township 蛇场乡: Daguo 达果

1,400 Bolyu reside in Guangxi, and over 1,000 in Yunnan.[7]

Phonology

Bolyu is a monosyllabic tonal language like the surrounding Tai–Kadai, Hmong-Mien and even Vietic languages. Unlike Bugan, Bolyu does not have a tense–lax voice quality distinction.

Initial consonants

Bolyu allows for a large variety of consonant clusters, and has eight possible consonantal finals:[8] -p, -t, -k, -m, -n, -ŋ, -w, -j.

Vowels

There are seven vowels in Bolyu:[9] /a, e, ə, i, o, ɔ, u/.

Tones

Bolyu has a total of six tones.[10]

Bolyu Tones
Tone number Tone contour
1 ˥
2 ˧
3 ˩
4 ˥˧
5 ˧˩
6 ˩˧

References

  1. ^ a b Bolyu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Sidwell (1995)
  3. ^ Van Driem, George (2007). (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. 37: 1–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  4. ^ Edmondson (1995)
  5. ^ 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究
  6. ^ Li (1999)
  7. ^ a b c Guangxi Minority Languages Orthography Committee (2008). Guǎngxī mínzú yǔyán fāng yīn cíhuì 广西民族语言方音词汇 [Vocabularies of Guangxi Ethnic Languages] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  8. ^ Sidwell (1995)
  9. ^ Edmondson (1995)
  10. ^ Edmondson (1995)
  • Li, Xulian 李旭练 (1999). Láiyǔ yánjiū 倈语硏究 [A Study of Lai (Bolyu)] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
  • Benedict, Paul K. (1990). "How to Tell Lai: An Exercise in Classification" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 13 (2): 1–26.
  • Edmondson, Jerold A. (1995). "English-Bolyu Glossary" (PDF). Mon–Khmer Studies. 24: 133–159.
  • Edmondson, Jerold A.; Gregerson, Kenneth J. (1996). "Bolyu Tone in Vietic Perspective" (PDF). Mon–Khmer Studies. 26: 117–133.
  • Sidwell, Paul (1995). "Bolyu is a Mon–khmer Language: Even if Benedict Says So!". La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics. 8. hdl:1959.9/538289.
  • Jiang, Jun 蒋俊 (2005). Cūnluò shìyě zhōng de zúqún yǔ mínzú: Guānyú lái rén de tiányě yánjiū 村落视野中的族群与民族：关于俫人的田野研究 [Ethnic Group and Nation in the Village Vision: Field Research About Lai People] (M.A. thesis) (in Chinese). Guangxi shifan daxue. http://www.docin.com/p-380721709.html
  • 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究. In 中国少数民族语言使用现状及其演变研究.
  • Qin, Xiaohang; Li, Fanglan (2011). (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. 40: 107–115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-26.

External links

  • Bolyu vocabulary from SEAlang

February 18, 2023
bolyu, language, this, article, about, khmer, language, also, known, sino, tibetan, language, grouping, languages, autonym, pɔ33, lju13, chinese, 巴琉语, 布流语, also, known, paliu, palyu, 俫语, 徕语, austroasiatic, language, pakanic, branch, bolyu, among, unrecognized,. This article is about a Mon Khmer language also known as Lai For the Sino Tibetan language grouping see Lai languages The Bolyu language autonym pɔ33 lju13 Chinese 巴琉语 布流语 also known as Paliu Palyu or Lai 俫语 徕语 is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch 2 The Bolyu are among the unrecognized ethnic groups of China BolyuPronunciationpɔ33 lju13Native toChinaRegionLonglin County GuangxiEthnicityBolyu 1 800 2007 1 Native speakers500 2007 1 Language familyAustroasiatic PakanicBolyuLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code ply class extiw title iso639 3 ply ply a Glottologboly1239ELPBolyu Contents 1 Classification 2 Distribution 3 Phonology 3 1 Initial consonants 3 2 Vowels 3 3 Tones 4 References 5 External linksClassification EditBolyu is related to the Bugan language forming the Pakanic branch along with it In 1984 Bolyu was first studied by Liang Min of the Nationalities Research Institute in Beijing Liang was the first to suggest a Mon Khmer affiliation of Bolyu which was later confirmed by Western linguists such as Paul K Benedict Paul Sidwell and Jerold A Edmondson However the place of the Pakanic branch within the Mon Khmer family is uncertain Sidwell 1995 suggests that the Pakanic branch may be an Eastern Mon Khmer branch thus making it most closely related to the Vietic branch However Gerard Diffloth classifies Pakanic as Northern Mon Khmer making it most closely related to the Palaungic branch 3 Distribution EditBolyu speakers are found in the following locations in southern China 4 5 6 Douhong 斗烘屯 Xinhe 新合村 Changfa township 长发 Longlin County Guangxi often living with Gelao neighbors Also spoken in the nearby townships of Kechang 克长 De e 德峨 and Changme 长么 7 Xinhe 新合村 Datiezhai 打铁寨 Changfajie 长发街 50 speakers Xinhua 新华村 Luowan 罗湾 300 Kabao 卡保 Renshang 仁上 160 speakers Villages with only Bolyu people Muzi 亩子 Dazhai 大寨 Xiaozhai 小寨 Guosha Hengsha 过沙 亨沙 Wenya 文雅村 Puhe Miao Autonomous Township 普合苗族自治乡 Xilin County Guangxi Also spoken in Naya 那牙 Badahe Township 八大河乡 7 230 speakers total Li 1999 documents the Bolyu variety of Muzitun 亩子屯 Xinhe Village 新合村 Changfa Township 长发乡 Longlin County Guangxi In the following villages only elderly speakers of Bolyu remain Zhelang township 者浪乡 Zhezhai 者寨 Langrong 郎荣 Linghao 岭好 Kechang township 克场乡 Haichang 海长 Shechang township 蛇场乡 Daguo 达果1 400 Bolyu reside in Guangxi and over 1 000 in Yunnan 7 Phonology EditBolyu is a monosyllabic tonal language like the surrounding Tai Kadai Hmong Mien and even Vietic languages Unlike Bugan Bolyu does not have a tense lax voice quality distinction Initial consonants Edit Labial Alveolar Alveolo palatal Velar Uvular Glottalplain pal vel plain pal sib plain pal lab plain pal Nasal m mʲ n ŋPlosive Affricate voiceless p pʲ t tʲ t s tɕ k kʲ kʷ q ʔaspirated pʰ pʰʲ tʰ tʰʲ t sʰ tɕʰ kʰ qʰprenasalized ᵐb ᵐbʲ ⁿdFricative v vʲ vˠ ɬ ɬʲ s ɕ ɣ ɣʲ h hʲApproximant l lʲ j w Bolyu allows for a large variety of consonant clusters and has eight possible consonantal finals 8 p t k m n ŋ w j Vowels Edit Front Central BackClose i uClose mid e e oOpen mid ɛ ɔOpen aThere are seven vowels in Bolyu 9 a e e i o ɔ u Tones Edit Bolyu has a total of six tones 10 Bolyu Tones Tone number Tone contour1 2 3 4 5 6 References Edit a b Bolyu at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Sidwell 1995 Van Driem George 2007 Austroasiatic Phylogeny and the Austroasiatic Homeland in Light of Recent Population Genetic Studies PDF Mon Khmer Studies 37 1 14 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 08 09 Retrieved 2011 02 26 Edmondson 1995 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究 Li 1999 a b c Guangxi Minority Languages Orthography Committee 2008 Guǎngxi minzu yǔyan fang yin cihui 广西民族语言方音词汇 Vocabularies of Guangxi Ethnic Languages in Chinese Beijing Minzu chubanshe Sidwell 1995 Edmondson 1995 Edmondson 1995 Li Xulian 李旭练 1999 Laiyǔ yanjiu 倈语硏究 A Study of Lai Bolyu in Chinese Beijing Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe Benedict Paul K 1990 How to Tell Lai An Exercise in Classification PDF Linguistics of the Tibeto Burman Area 13 2 1 26 Edmondson Jerold A 1995 English Bolyu Glossary PDF Mon Khmer Studies 24 133 159 Edmondson Jerold A Gregerson Kenneth J 1996 Bolyu Tone in Vietic Perspective PDF Mon Khmer Studies 26 117 133 Sidwell Paul 1995 Bolyu is a Mon khmer Language Even if Benedict Says So La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 8 hdl 1959 9 538289 Jiang Jun 蒋俊 2005 Cunluo shiye zhōng de zuqun yǔ minzu Guanyu lai ren de tianye yanjiu 村落视野中的族群与民族 关于俫人的田野研究 Ethnic Group and Nation in the Village Vision Field Research About Lai People M A thesis in Chinese Guangxi shifan daxue http www docin com p 380721709 html 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究 In 中国少数民族语言使用现状及其演变研究 Qin Xiaohang Li Fanglan 2011 The Status Quo and Trend of Language Use by Lai People PDF Mon Khmer Studies 40 107 115 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 06 26 External links EditBolyu vocabulary from SEAlang Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bolyu language amp oldid 1136295470, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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