The oldest mosques in the world can refer to the oldest, surviving building or to the oldest mosque congregation. There is also a distinction between old mosque buildings in continuous use as mosques and others no longer used as mosques. In terms of congregations, there are early established congregations that have been in continuous existence, and early congregations that ceased to exist.
The major regions, such as Africa and Eurasia, are sorted alphabetically, and the minor regions, such as Arabia and South Asia, are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established, more or less, barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran.
To be listed here a site must:
be the oldest mosque in a country, large city (top 50), or oldest of its type (denomination, architectural, etc.);
be the oldest congregation of its type (denomination).
Al-Masjid al-Aqṣá,[2] the former Qiblah,[15] site of the significant event of Night Journey(Isra and Mi'raj)[16], considered the third holiest site in Islam. The Qur'an does not specify the precise location of "the furthest place of prayer", and its meaning was debated by early Islamic scholars.[17][18][19][20] Eventually, a consensus emerged its identification with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.[19][21]
The term Al-Aqsa properly refers to the whole Temple Mount compound (seen as a single mosque).[note 1] The mosque compound should not be confused with the silver-domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca, commonly referred to in English as Al-Aqsa Mosque, and also known as Al-Qibli Mosque (see below).
The first mosque built by Muhammad in the 7th century CE, possibly mentioned as the "Mosque founded on piety since the first day"[28] in the Quran.[citation needed] Largely rebuilt in the late 20th century.
Believed to be the first mosque in the Maghreb. The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction starting in 836 under the Aghlabids, with further restorations and additions in later periods.[34]
There are some doubts about the exact foundation date: usually attributed to 698 but it could have been a bit later in 734.[36][37] The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction in 864 under the Aghlabids,[38] with further modifications and renovations in later eras.[36]
Some doubts exist about the story of its foundation in 859.[42] A possible alternative date is 877, based on an inscription discovered in the 20th century.[43][44] The present building dates from multiple later expansions and reconstructions, with the oldest elements dating to the 10th century.[42] It underwent its most important expansion under the Almoravids between 1135 and 1143.[45]
Like the Qarawiyyin Mosque, there are doubts about the story of its foundation. The oldest parts of the present building date from the 10th century.[42] It was mostly reconstructed by the Almohads between 1203 and 1207.[46]
Oldest Islamic monument in Tripoli,[47] though its history is not well-known.[48] Likely built by the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz in 973, though it may be older.[47] An inscription records that it was reconstructed in 1610–1611 (1019 AH).[48]
Founded in 1082 under the Almoravids, decoration completed or redone in 1136 by another Almoravid ruler. Important renovation and additions took place in 1236 under the first Zayyanid ruler.[49]
Opened in October 1983 by the Shi'ite community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina. It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade.[66]
Second holiest site in Islam (after Al-Haram Mosque) and Muhammad's mosque, which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife Aisha's house. Largely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the late 20th century, whilst retaining at its heart the earlier construction of the Ottomans, and landmark green dome atop the prophet's mausoleum.
Original foundation attributed by some to 7 AH (628–629 CE).[80] A construction or renovation dated to 1529 CE is recorded by an inscription above the mihrab.[80][81]
The Huaisheng Mosque is the main mosque of Guangzhou. It has been rebuilt many times over its history. According to tradition it was originally built over 1,300 years ago in 627 CE by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was named in memory of Muhammad.
Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century,[88] the mosque was founded in 742[89] Built in 742, but oldest mosque in China is the Beacon Tower mosque of Guangzhou being built in 627.[90]
The second oldest mosque in Taiwan. The original building was built in 1949, then moved to a new location where the second building was built in 1951, and the third and final building built in 1992.
Built by Arab traders at ancient port of Ghogha, Bhavnagar district in the state of Gujarat. The qibla (direction to be faced while offering namaaz) of the mosque is faced to Bait al Mukaddas (Jerusalem). The mosque is abandoned by devotees after the qibla was changed to Makkah in AD 623 and another mosque constructed at the same time.[93][94][95][96][97]
Considered to be the first mosque to be built in Tamil Nadu, and the second mosque in India. Constructed by Yemeni merchants and trade settlers in the Pandiya Kingdom and ordered by Bazan ibn Sasan, Governor of Yemen at the time of Muhammad.[100]
This is the oldest mosque of Pakistan which is located in Bhambore.[104] Also believed to be the first mosque in South Asia.[105] Built after the conquest of Sindh.
Built by Khan Jahan Ali, it is considered to be the second-oldest mosque in Bangladesh. The fortified structure contains eighty-one domes, sixty stone pillars and eleven mihrabs.
Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria. It was originally built after the Muslim conquest of the city in 634. The current structure dates to 715.
Built in 537 as a Greek Orthodox cathedral, converted to a mosque in 1453, and then a museum in 1931.[117] In 2020, it was again converted into a mosque by order of a Turkish court.
Built by the Umayyad caliph Umar II, as part of his conversion of the city into a military base to shield Antioch from a potential Greek attack. The building fell into ruin during the reign of Al-Mu'tasim, approximately 120 years later.
Originally built by Abd al-Rahman I in 785, it underwent successive extensions in the 9th and 10th centuries. After the Castilian conquest of Cordoba in 1236, it was converted into the city's cathedral, which it remains to this day.[120]
Built in 999 in Toledo, this building is a rarity in that it is in much the same state as it was when it was originally built.[129] Originally a square structure with nine domed bays, a semi-circular apse was added in 1187, after it had been converted into a church.[130]
Arabic: الـمـسـتـمـيـم, romanized: al-Mustimim was built in the middle of the 11th century[132] on the foundations of Roman architecture, located in the old Muslim neighborhood Arrabal de Francos. The building continued maintaining the Islamic faith in Spain well beyond the reconquista of the city by the Christian troops of Alfonso VI of León and Castile in 1085, until the period of 1498–1505, when it was desacralizated by the Catholic Monarchs.
Probably constructed by Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi, governor of Silves and a rebel leader against the Almoravid dynasty. These are the only ruins of such Muslim fortress to have been identified in Portugal, excavated by Portuguese archaeologists since 2001.
Unique and most identifiable former mosque in Portugal, although a mixture of Almohad and Manueline post-Gothic architecture. Rebuilt in the second half of the 12th century with some elements from the 9th century.
Only the minaret remains. Mosque comparable in size to Great mosque of Cordoba, mostly destroyed by earthquake in 1365. Minaret used as a church bell tower was built higher in the 16th century.
Only parts of the original minaret remain, incorporated in the church bell tower. It's 22.7 metres tall and 4.2 metres across. Across it lies an old Muslim cemetery of Jardim dos Amuados.
Only minaret of the medium-size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains. Minaret was expanded and used as a bell tower. The mosque was converted to a church but destroyed in the 1600s during Morisco Revolts. Ronda was a Muslim city for 700 years. The city had 7 or 8 mosques, none survive today.[138]
It is considered to be the oldest mosque in North Macedonia. However, as a result of the various renovation works, the building has been altered to such an extent that it is no longer in its original state.[140]
Several sources state that a mosque was founded in 1860 at 2 Glynrhondda Street, Cardiff, Wales. This has been rejected by an academic paper as a transcription error.[152]
This mosque served for burial prayers for Ottoman diplomats, North African military personnel, and Turkish and Arab students. It fell into disrepair when France and the Ottoman Empire went to war in 1914.[153]
Erected in 1915 by the Imperial German Army administration for Muslim Allied prisoners of war in the POW camp in Wünsdorf, later used as refugee camp. In 1930 torn down due to lack of a congregation.
A mosque of the community of Finnish Tatars. It is considered to be the oldest mosque in Nordic countries. Finland's first Muslim cemetery was established in the 1830s for Russian troops.[155]
Founded by Pakistani-Norwegians aided by Danish Muslims; of the Sunni Deobandi school. The first Shi'i mosque, Anjuman-e Hussain, opened in 1975; the first Sunni Barelvi mosque opened in 1976.
^According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary, al-masjid al-ḥarâm,"[22]
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^Khalek, N. (2011). Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition. Religion Compass, 5(10), 624–630. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00305.x. "One of the most pressing issues in both medieval and contemporary scholarship related to Jerusalem is weather the city is explicitly referenced in the text of the Qur'an. Sura 17, verse 1, which reads [...] has been variously interpreted as referring to the miraculous Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad, events recorded in medieval sources and known as the isra and miraj. As we will see, this association is a rather late and even a contested one. [...] The earliest Muslim work on the Religious Merits of Jerusalem was the Fada'il Bayt al-Maqdis by al-Walid ibn Hammad al-Ramli (d. 912 CE), a text which is recoverable from later works. [...] He relates the significance of Jerusalem vis-a-vis the Jewish Temple, conflating 'a collage of biblical narratives' and comments pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a practice which was controversial in later Muslim periods."
^ abFrederick S. Colby (6 August 2008). Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN978-0-7914-7788-5. from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2018. If Muslims interpret the qur'anic phrase "the sacred place of prayer" in diverse ways, one encounters even more debate over the destination of the night journey, the "furthest place of prayer". From the earliest extant Muslim texts, it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning interpreted "furthest place of prayer" with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian/Solomonic Temple in particular. It is equally clear that other early Muslims disputed this connection, identifying the "furthest place of prayer" instead as a reference to a site in the heavens. Eventually a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad's journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem. Even if the night journey verse were thought to refer first and foremost to the terrestrial portion of Muhammad's journey, nevertheless for centuries scholars and storytellers also continued to connect this verse with the idea of an ascent through the levels of the heavens.
^Grabar, Oleg (1959). "The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem". Ars Orientalis. 3: 33–62. ISSN 0571-1371. JSTOR 4629098. Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al-aqsd, and among them are to be found such great names as al-Bukhari and Tabarl. Both Ibn Ishaq an al-Ya'qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma. It was suggested by J. Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem. But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven, A. Guillaume's careful analysis of the earliest texts (al-Waqidi and al-Azraqi, both in the later second century A.H.) has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al-aqsa applies specifically to al-Ji'ranah, near Mekkah, where there were two sanctuaries (masjid al-adnai and masjid al-aqsa), and where Muhammad so-journed in dha al-qa'dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah.
^Busse, H. (1968). The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam. Judaism, 17(4), 441. "Tradition varies as to the location of the Ascension; Syrian local tradition was able to prevail, by maintaining that the Ascension started in Jerusalem rather than in Mecca, directly following the Night Journey".
^Long, David E. (1979). "2: The Rites of the Hajj". The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. pp. 11–24. ISBN978-0-8739-5382-5. With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah, the potential is there for one of ... There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) ...
^Danarto (1989). A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca. p. 27. ISBN978-0-8674-6939-4. It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ...
^Jones, Lindsay (2005). Encyclopedia of religion. Vol. 10. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 7159. ISBN978-0-0286-5743-1. The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt ...
^Ziauddin Sardar; M. A. Zaki Badawi (1978). Hajj Studies. Jeddah: Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre. p. 32. ISBN978-0-8566-4681-2. Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart ...{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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^ abArnold, Felix (2017). Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History. Oxford University Press. pp. 60–61. ISBN9780190624552.
^ abKennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Routledge. pp. 98, 125, 132. ISBN9781317870418.
^Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992). Moorish architecture in Andalusia. Taschen. p. 61. ISBN3822896322.
^"Caliphate City of Medina Azahara". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
^Antonio Pareja (1999). Mezquita de Bab al Mardum, Cristo de la Luz, Toledo 999–1999. Fundacíon Cultura y Deporte Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.
^Pareja, Antonio. Mezquita de Bab al Mardum, Cristo de la Luz, Toledo 999-1999. [Spain]:Fundacíon Cultura y Deporte Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 1999.
^Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992). Moorish architecture in Andalusia. Taschen. p. 88. ISBN3822896322.
^Markus Hattstein; Peter Delius (2007). Islam. Arte y arquitectura. Tandem Verlag.
^"Igreja matriz de Mértola". Direção-Geral do Património Cultural.
^Mendonça, Isabel; Gordalina, Rosário (2007), SIPA (ed.), Igreja Paroquial de Mértola/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Anunciação (IPA.00000741/PT040209040002) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 17 April 2017
January 01, 1970
list, oldest, mosques, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of the oldest mosques news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help improve this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed September 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message The oldest mosques in the world can refer to the oldest surviving building or to the oldest mosque congregation There is also a distinction between old mosque buildings in continuous use as mosques and others no longer used as mosques In terms of congregations there are early established congregations that have been in continuous existence and early congregations that ceased to exist The major regions such as Africa and Eurasia are sorted alphabetically and the minor regions such as Arabia and South Asia are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established more or less barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran To be listed here a site must be the oldest mosque in a country large city top 50 or oldest of its type denomination architectural etc be the oldest congregation of its type denomination Contents 1 Mentioned in the Quran 2 Africa 3 Americas 4 Asia 5 Europe 6 Oceania 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksMentioned in the Quran editThe following are treated as the oldest mosques or sanctuaries 1 mentioned in the Quran 2 Building Image Location Country First built Notes Al Haram Mosque nbsp Mecca nbsp Saudi Arabia Unknown considered the oldest mosque associated with Abraham 1 Al Masjid al Ḥaram Quran 2 144 217 3 Quran 5 2 4 Quran 8 34 5 Quran 9 7 28 6 Quran 17 1 2 Quran 22 25 7 Quran 48 25 27 8 the holiest sanctuary containing the Ka bah a site of the Ḥajj Pilgrimage the Qiblah 9 Direction of formal prayers of Muslims and the first mosque 10 11 in Islamic thought 12 13 Rebuilt many times notably 1571 by the Ottomans and the late 20th century by the Saudis further enlargement under way since 2010 Haram al Sharif also known as the Al Aqsa Mosque Compound nbsp Jerusalem old city nbsp Palestine Considered the second oldest mosque in Islamic tradition 14 associated with Abraham 1 The Dome of the Rock was constructed in 692 the Al Aqsa Mosque in 705 Al Masjid al Aqṣa 2 the former Qiblah 15 site of the significant event of Night Journey Isra and Mi raj 16 considered the third holiest site in Islam The Qur an does not specify the precise location of the furthest place of prayer and its meaning was debated by early Islamic scholars 17 18 19 20 Eventually a consensus emerged its identification with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem 19 21 The term Al Aqsa properly refers to the whole Temple Mount compound seen as a single mosque note 1 The mosque compound should not be confused with the silver domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca commonly referred to in English as Al Aqsa Mosque and also known as Al Qibli Mosque see below The Sacred Monument nbsp Muzdalifah nbsp Saudi Arabia Unknown Al Mashʿar Al Ḥaram 23 a site of the Hajj 24 25 26 27 Quba Mosque nbsp Medina nbsp Saudi Arabia 622 The first mosque built by Muhammad in the 7th century CE possibly mentioned as the Mosque founded on piety since the first day 28 in the Quran citation needed Largely rebuilt in the late 20th century Africa editSee also List of mosques in Africa Northeast Africa Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Mosque of the Companions nbsp Massawa nbsp Eritrea 620s 630s 29 Believed by some to be the first mosque in Africa and built by the companions of Muhammad in the 7th century 29 Mosque of Amr ibn al As nbsp Cairo nbsp Egypt 641 Named after Amr ibn al As commander of the Muslim conquest of Egypt First mosque in Egypt and claimed by some to be the first mosque in Africa 30 31 32 33 Mosque of Ibn Tulun nbsp Cairo nbsp Egypt 879 Al Azhar Mosque nbsp Cairo nbsp Egypt 972 Sunni Arba a Rukun Mosque nbsp Mogadishu nbsp Somalia 1268 9 Sunni See also Islam in Rwanda Northwest Africa Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Great Mosque of Kairouan nbsp Kairouan nbsp Tunisia 670 Sunni Believed to be the first mosque in the Maghreb The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction starting in 836 under the Aghlabids with further restorations and additions in later periods 34 Sidi Okba Mosque nbsp Sidi Okba nbsp Algeria 686 1025 Mosque and tomb dated between 686 and 1025 starting with the tomb in 686 The mosque was subsequently built around it 35 Al Zaytuna Mosque nbsp Tunis nbsp Tunisia 698 Sunni There are some doubts about the exact foundation date usually attributed to 698 but it could have been a bit later in 734 36 37 The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction in 864 under the Aghlabids 38 with further modifications and renovations in later eras 36 Bu Ftata Mosque nbsp Sousse nbsp Tunisia 838 841 Dated by an inscription to the reign of Abu Iqal al Aghlab ibn Ibrahim 838 841 Minaret added later under the Hafsids 39 Great Mosque of Sfax nbsp Sfax nbsp Tunisia 849 Exact construction date uncertain but probably around 849 40 Great Mosque of Sousse nbsp Sousse nbsp Tunisia 851 41 Al Qarawiyyin mosque nbsp Fez nbsp Morocco 859 Some doubts exist about the story of its foundation in 859 42 A possible alternative date is 877 based on an inscription discovered in the 20th century 43 44 The present building dates from multiple later expansions and reconstructions with the oldest elements dating to the 10th century 42 It underwent its most important expansion under the Almoravids between 1135 and 1143 45 Mosque of the Andalusians nbsp Fez nbsp Morocco 859 Like the Qarawiyyin Mosque there are doubts about the story of its foundation The oldest parts of the present building date from the 10th century 42 It was mostly reconstructed by the Almohads between 1203 and 1207 46 Al Naqah Mosque nbsp Tripoli nbsp Libya 973 Oldest Islamic monument in Tripoli 47 though its history is not well known 48 Likely built by the Fatimid caliph al Mu izz in 973 though it may be older 47 An inscription records that it was reconstructed in 1610 1611 1019 AH 48 Great Mosque of Tlemcen nbsp Tlemcen nbsp Algeria 1082 Founded in 1082 under the Almoravids decoration completed or redone in 1136 by another Almoravid ruler Important renovation and additions took place in 1236 under the first Zayyanid ruler 49 Ksar Mosque nbsp Tunis nbsp Tunisia 1106 Kutubiyya Mosque nbsp Marrakesh nbsp Morocco 1147 Southeast Africa including nearby islands of the Indian Ocean but barring countries that are also in Southern Africa Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Shanga Mosque Shanga Pate Island nbsp Kenya Foundation discovered with coins attesting dates during the 1980s excavations The earliest concrete evidence of Muslims in East Africa 50 97 Great Mosque of Kilwa nbsp Kilwa Kisiwani nbsp Tanzania 1000 1100 Kizimkazi Mosque nbsp Dimbani nbsp Tanzania 1107 according to an inscription 51 Tsingoni Mosque nbsp Tsingoni Mayotte nbsp France 1538 52 Al Fatah Mosque Green Mosque Kigali nbsp Rwanda then German East Africa 1913 53 Founded by coastal Swahili speaking Tanzanian Muslims who came to Rwanda to work in the German administration 53 West Africa Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Larabanga Mosque nbsp Larabanga nbsp Ghana 1421 The oldest existing mud brick mosque in Ghana Great Mosque of Kano Kano nbsp Nigeria 15th century Built in for Emir Muhammad Rumfa Agadez Mosque nbsp Agadez nbsp Niger 1515 Niger s oldest mosque Grand Mosque Sokode nbsp Sokode nbsp Togo 1820 54 Southern Africa Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Auwal Mosque nbsp Cape Colony nbsp South Africa then Cape Colony 1798 55 Recognised as the first mosque established in the country Palm Tree Mosque nbsp Cape Colony nbsp South Africa then Cape Colony 1807 Building constructed in 1788 236 years ago 1788 and established as a mosque in 1807 217 years ago 1807 Masjid al Qudama Uitenhage Eastern Cape nbsp South Africa 1849 56 It has been deduced that the mosque was a completed building by March 1849 Grey Street Mosque Juma Mosque nbsp Durban 57 nbsp South Africa 1881 Soofie Masjid Butha Buthe nbsp Lesotho 1900 approximate 50 115 Founded by Soofie Saheb at the turn of the century the community is described as African Muslim yet speaking an Indian language 50 115 Habibia Soofie Saheb Jamia Masjid nbsp Rylands Cape Town nbsp South Africa 1905 Lobatse Masjid Lobatse nbsp Botswana 1960s 58 Founded by Indian Muslims who were brought over during the British colonial period Ezulwini Mosque Ezulwini near Mbabane nbsp Eswatini 1982 59 Americas editSee also List of mosques in the Americas List of mosques in Mexico and List of mosques in Brazil South America Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes nbsp Suriname then a colony of the Netherlands 1906 60 Built by immigrant Javanese rice farmers 60 Mesquita Brasil Sao Paulo nbsp Sao Paulo nbsp Brazil 1929 61 Previous site built in 1929 61 current building inaugurated in 1952 First known mosque in Brazil 62 nbsp Panama 1930 63 Ahmadiyya 63 El Paraiso Caracas nbsp Venezuela 1968 64 At Tauhid Mosque Buenos Aires nbsp Argentina 1983 65 Shi ite Opened in October 1983 by the Shi ite community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade 66 Mezquita as Salam nbsp Santiago nbsp Chile 1995 67 Commissioned 1989 inaugurated in 1995 Mohammed VI Mosque Coquimbo nbsp Chile 2007 See also List of mosques in Canada and List of mosques in the United States North America including Central America and island states of the Caribbean Sea Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Al Sadiq Mosque nbsp Chicago Illinois nbsp United States 1922 Ahmadiyya Oldest extant mosque in the Americas Mother Mosque of America Moslem Temple nbsp Cedar Rapids Iowa nbsp United States 1934 Oldest extant purpose built mosque in the United States Al Rashid Mosque nbsp Edmonton Alberta nbsp Canada 1938 First purpose built mosque in Canada Westmoreland and Spanish Town nbsp Jamaica 1950s 68 Constructed by the Islamic Society of Jamaica which was founded in 1950 Bridgetown Mosque Bridgetown nbsp Barbados 1957 69 First purpose built mosque in Barbados Omar bin Al Khattab Mosque nbsp Willemstad Curacao nbsp Netherlands 1965 70 nbsp Haiti 1985 71 Converted private residence Suraya Mosque nbsp Torreon nbsp Mexico 1989 Shi ite Built by the immigrants from the Middle East living in Torreon Omar Mosque nbsp San Jose nbsp Costa Rica 1995 72 Sunni Founded by the Islamic Cultural Association of Costa Rica Belize City 73 nbsp Belize 2008 approximate 74 Founded by Belizeans who converted to Islam while in the United States 74 Boukman Buhara Mosque Cap Haitien nbsp Haiti 2016 75 First purpose built mosque in Haiti Includes a minaret Constructed by the Diyanet Foundation of Turkey following the 2010 Haiti earthquake 75 Asia editSee also List of mosques in Asia Arabian Peninsula including the island state of Bahrain Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Al Masjid al Nabawi nbsp Medina nbsp Saudi Arabia 622 Second holiest site in Islam after Al Haram Mosque and Muhammad s mosque which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife Aisha s house Largely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the late 20th century whilst retaining at its heart the earlier construction of the Ottomans and landmark green dome atop the prophet s mausoleum Masjid al Qiblatain nbsp Medina nbsp Saudi Arabia 623 Mosque originally with two Qiblah walls One facing Jerusalem the first Qiblah and another facing Mecca Jawatha Mosque nbsp Al Kilabiyah nbsp Saudi Arabia 629 639 76 77 Has recently been renovated citation needed and prayers are still held in this mosque 78 Great Mosque of Sana a nbsp Sana a nbsp Yemen 7th century Possibly the oldest mosque in the country Mazin Mosque nbsp Samail nbsp Oman 7th century 79 better source needed Founded by Mazin Ben Ghadooba who is considered to be the first Omani to adopt Islam during Muhammad s lifetime 79 better source needed Al Shawadhna Mosque Nizwa nbsp Oman 628 629 possibly 80 Original foundation attributed by some to 7 AH 628 629 CE 80 A construction or renovation dated to 1529 CE is recorded by an inscription above the mihrab 80 81 Al Hadi Mosque nbsp Sa dah nbsp Yemen 897 Khamis Mosque nbsp Khamis Manama nbsp Bahrain 1000 1200 approximate 82 Though most of the structure is dated to the 11th or 12th century it is popularly believed to have been founded by the Caliph Omar in the 600s 83 Mosque in Al Ain Al Ain nbsp United Arab Emirates 1000s Islamic Golden Age Possible the oldest mosque in the country 84 85 Al Badiyah Mosque nbsp Fujairah nbsp United Arab Emirates 1400s 86 Some much earlier estimates have been proposed See also List of mosques in China and List of mosques in Taiwan Greater China Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Huaisheng Mosque nbsp Guangzhou nbsp China 627 The Huaisheng Mosque is the main mosque of Guangzhou It has been rebuilt many times over its history According to tradition it was originally built over 1 300 years ago in 627 CE by Sa d ibn Abi Waqqas who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was named in memory of Muhammad Xianxian Mosque nbsp Guangzhou City nbsp China 629 The mosque was originally built in 629 during the Tang dynasty Great Mosque of Xi an nbsp Xi an Shaanxi nbsp China 742 87 Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century 88 the mosque was founded in 742 89 Built in 742 but oldest mosque in China is the Beacon Tower mosque of Guangzhou being built in 627 90 Jamia Mosque nbsp nbsp Hong Kong then British Hong Kong nbsp China 1890 Taipei Grand Mosque nbsp Taipei nbsp Taiwan 1947 Oldest and most famous mosque in Taiwan Original building was firstly used in 1947 then relocated to a new site where it was reconstructed in 1960 Kaohsiung Mosque nbsp Taipei nbsp Taiwan 1949 The second oldest mosque in Taiwan The original building was built in 1949 then moved to a new location where the second building was built in 1951 and the third and final building built in 1992 Macau Mosque nbsp nbsp Macau then Portuguese Macau nbsp China 1980 The first and only mosque in Macau East Asia excluding Greater China Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Kobe Mosque nbsp Kobe nbsp Japan 1935 91 Designed in the Turkish style by a Czech architect confiscated by the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1943 and later returned Seoul Central Mosque nbsp Seoul nbsp South Korea 1976 92 See also List of mosques in India List of mosques in Bangladesh and List of mosques in Pakistan South Asia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Barwada mosque Ghogha Gujarat India Before 623 Built by Arab traders at ancient port of Ghogha Bhavnagar district in the state of Gujarat The qibla direction to be faced while offering namaaz of the mosque is faced to Bait al Mukaddas Jerusalem The mosque is abandoned by devotees after the qibla was changed to Makkah in AD 623 and another mosque constructed at the same time 93 94 95 96 97 Cheraman Juma Masjid nbsp Kodungallur nbsp India 629 Built by Malik bin Dinar companion of Muhammad on orders of Cheraman Perumal 98 then King of modern day Kerala it is the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent 99 Palaiya Jumma Palli nbsp Kilakarai nbsp India 630 Sunni Considered to be the first mosque to be built in Tamil Nadu and the second mosque in India Constructed by Yemeni merchants and trade settlers in the Pandiya Kingdom and ordered by Bazan ibn Sasan Governor of Yemen at the time of Muhammad 100 Masjid Al Abrar Beruwala Kalutara District Western Province nbsp Sri Lanka First century in the Hijri calendar The date has been carved in its stone pillars It is situated in western province of Sri Lanka Haji Piyada nbsp Balkh nbsp Afghanistan 794 or 9th century The oldest identifiable Islamic building in Afghanistan 101 Construction dated to either the 9th century 102 or to 794 103 Jamia Masjid Banbhore nbsp Banbhore Sindh nbsp Pakistan 727 This is the oldest mosque of Pakistan which is located in Bhambore 104 Also believed to be the first mosque in South Asia 105 Built after the conquest of Sindh Kazimar Big Mosque nbsp Madurai nbsp India 1284 Sunni Hanafi Shadhili First mosque in Madurai Chaqchan Mosque nbsp Khaplu Gilgit Baltistan nbsp Pakistan 1370 This is the oldest mosque of Gilgit Baltistan located in Khaplu 106 107 Sixty Dome Mosque nbsp Bagerhat nbsp Bangladesh 1450 Built by Khan Jahan Ali it is considered to be the second oldest mosque in Bangladesh The fortified structure contains eighty one domes sixty stone pillars and eleven mihrabs Neevin Mosque nbsp Lahore nbsp Pakistan 1460 See also List of mosques in Indonesia List of mosques in Malaysia List of mosques in the Philippines List of mosques in Singapore and List of mosques in Thailand Southeast Asia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque Tubig Indangan Simunul island Bangsamoro nbsp Philippines 1380 108 Founded by Makhdum Karim who introduced Islam to the Philippines This is the oldest mosque in Southesast Asia Wapauwe Old Mosque nbsp Kaitetu Central Maluku Regency Maluku nbsp Indonesia 1414 The oldest surviving mosque in Indonesia Ampel Mosque nbsp Ampel Surabaya East Java nbsp Indonesia 1421 109 The oldest surviving mosque in Java and second oldest in Indonesia Masjid Sultan Sharif Ali Brunei nbsp Brunei 1430 approximate 110 Built under the direction of Sharif Ali Sultan Berkat who reigned 1425 1432 Great Mosque of Demak nbsp Demak Central Java nbsp Indonesia 15th century 111 Oldest mosque in Central Java and second oldest in Java 111 300 Years Mosque Narathiwat nbsp Thailand 17th century It is at least one of the oldest known mosques in Thailand 112 Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka nbsp Central Area nbsp Singapore 1820 113 Originally a wooden structure built by Arab merchant Syed Omar Ali Aljunied See also List of mosques in Cyprus Levant for Cyprus and Greater Syria Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Al Omari Grand Mosque Beirut Lebanon 635 Sunni The mihrab is the oldest part of the mosque dating back to the Caliphate of Umar Al Qibli Mosque al Jami al Aqsa nbsp Jerusalem old city nbsp Palestine 637 A Muslim prayer hall with a silver colored lead dome located in the southern part of Al Aqsa Temple Mount built by the Rashidun caliph Umar ibn Al Khattab Al Shuaibiyah Mosque Aleppo nbsp Syria 637 Ibrahimi Mosque nbsp Hebron nbsp Palestine 637 114 Great Mosque of Aleppo nbsp Aleppo nbsp Syria 715 Umayyad Mosque nbsp Damascus nbsp Syria 715 Sunni Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria It was originally built after the Muslim conquest of the city in 634 The current structure dates to 715 White Mosque nbsp Ramla nbsp Israel 720 Al Omari Mosque nbsp Bosra nbsp Syria 721 Great Mosque of Raqqa Raqqa nbsp Syria 772 Arab Ahmet Mosque nbsp Arab Ahmet quarter of Nicosia nbsp Cyprus Late 16th century 115 The mosque is named after a commander of the 1571 Ottoman army who made an expedition in 1571 115 116 See also List of mosques in Iran and List of mosques in Turkey Southwest Asia excluding the Arabian peninsula Caucasus and Levant Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Ayasofya Mosque Hagia Sophia nbsp Istanbul nbsp Turkey 1453 537 Built in 537 as a Greek Orthodox cathedral converted to a mosque in 1453 and then a museum in 1931 117 In 2020 it was again converted into a mosque by order of a Turkish court Great Mosque of Kufa nbsp Kufa nbsp Iraq 639 Shia The mosque built in the 7th century contains the remains of Muslim ibn Aqeel first cousin of Husayn ibn Ali his companion Hani ibn Urwa and the revolutionary Mukhtar al Thaqafi Maqam al Imam al Husayn Mosque nbsp Karbala nbsp Iraq 680 Shia Reconstructed several times including in 1016 Jameh Mosque of Ferdows Ferdows nbsp Iran 7th century possibly Al Hisn Mosque Mopsuestia Adana Province nbsp Turkey 717 720 Built by the Umayyad caliph Umar II as part of his conversion of the city into a military base to shield Antioch from a potential Greek attack The building fell into ruin during the reign of Al Mu tasim approximately 120 years later Jameh Mosque of Isfahan nbsp Isfahan nbsp Iran 771 Jameh Mosque of Fahraj nbsp Fahraj nbsp Iran 700s 118 Tarikhaneh Mosque nbsp Damghan nbsp Iran 8th century Great Mosque of Samarra nbsp Samarra nbsp Iraq 848 Al Askari Mosque nbsp Samarra nbsp Iraq 944 Shia Twelver Shrine of the 10th and 11th Twelver Shi ite Imams Ali al Hadi and Hasan al Askari Imam Ali Mosque nbsp Najaf nbsp Iraq 977 Shia Sunni Houses the tomb of Ali ibn Abi Talib Muhammad s cousin and fourth Caliph and the first person of the Shia Imamate Great Mosque of Diyarbakir nbsp Diyarbakir nbsp Turkey 1092 Sunni One of the oldest known mosques in modern Turkey Yivliminare Mosque Alaeddin Mosque nbsp Antalya nbsp Turkey 1230 Aslanhane Mosque nbsp Ankara nbsp Turkey 1290 Central Asia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Po i Kalyan nbsp Bukhara nbsp Uzbekistan 713 Since 713 here several edifices of main cathedral mosque were built then razed restored after fires and wars and moved from place to place Transcaucasia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Juma Mosque nbsp Shamakhi nbsp Azerbaijan 743 744 Built in 743 744 set on fire by Armenian units of Dashnaktsutiun in 1918 reconstructed in 2009 Blue Mosque nbsp Yerevan nbsp Armenia Mid 18th centuryEurope editSee also List of mosques in Europe Iberian Peninsula Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Great Mosque of Cordoba Mezquita nbsp Cordoba Andalusia nbsp Spain then the Emirate of Cordoba 785 119 Originally built by Abd al Rahman I in 785 it underwent successive extensions in the 9th and 10th centuries After the Castilian conquest of Cordoba in 1236 it was converted into the city s cathedral which it remains to this day 120 Mosqye inside Aljaferia Palace nbsp Zaragoza Aragon nbsp Spain then the Caliphate of Cordoba 1046 121 A small prayer room inside the Aljaferia Palace dating from the Taifa period under the Hudid dynasty It is accessed through a portal inside palace 122 In 2001 the original restored structures of the Aljaferia were included in the Mudejar Architecture of Aragon a World Heritage Site 123 Mosque of Madinat al Zahra nbsp Cordoba Andalusia nbsp Spain then the Caliphate of Cordoba 941 942 124 Friday mosque of Madinat al Zahra a vast fortified palace city begun in 936 by Abd al Rahman III 125 The city s mosque was inaugurated in 941 942 124 126 The complex was plundered amp destroyed during the civil war that ended the Caliphate of Cordoba in the early 11th century 125 A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2018 127 Mosque of Cristo de la Luz nbsp Toledo Castile La Mancha nbsp Spain then the Caliphate of Cordoba 999 128 Built in 999 in Toledo this building is a rarity in that it is in much the same state as it was when it was originally built 129 Originally a square structure with nine domed bays a semi circular apse was added in 1187 after it had been converted into a church 130 Mosque of las Tornerias nbsp Toledo Castile La Mancha nbsp Spain then the Taifa of Toledo mid 11th century completed 131 Arabic الـمـسـتـمـيـم romanized al Mustimim was built in the middle of the 11th century 132 on the foundations of Roman architecture located in the old Muslim neighborhood Arrabal de Francos The building continued maintaining the Islamic faith in Spain well beyond the reconquista of the city by the Christian troops of Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile in 1085 until the period of 1498 1505 when it was desacralizated by the Catholic Monarchs Ribat of Arrifana Archaeological site nbsp Aljezur Algarve nbsp Portugal then the Almoravid dynasty 1130 133 Probably constructed by Abu l Qasim Ahmad ibn al Husayn ibn Qasi governor of Silves and a rebel leader against the Almoravid dynasty These are the only ruins of such Muslim fortress to have been identified in Portugal excavated by Portuguese archaeologists since 2001 Church of Nossa Senhora da Anunciacao nbsp Mertola Alentejo nbsp Portugal then the Almohad Caliphate Second half of the 12th century 134 Unique and most identifiable former mosque in Portugal although a mixture of Almohad and Manueline post Gothic architecture Rebuilt in the second half of the 12th century with some elements from the 9th century Giralda nbsp Seville Andalusia nbsp Spain then the Almohad Caliphate 1248 135 Only the minaret remains Mosque comparable in size to Great mosque of Cordoba mostly destroyed by earthquake in 1365 Minaret used as a church bell tower was built higher in the 16th century Church of Sao Clemente nbsp Tavira Algarve nbsp Portugal then the Kingdom of Portugal Second half of the 13th century 136 Only parts of the original minaret remain incorporated in the church bell tower It s 22 7 metres tall and 4 2 metres across Across it lies an old Muslim cemetery of Jardim dos Amuados Mosque of Tortoles nbsp Tarazona Aragon nbsp Spain then the Crown of Aragon 15th century completed 137 Almost unaltered in the later centuries San Sebastian Minaret Alminar De San Sebastian nbsp Ronda Andalusia nbsp Spain then the Almohad Caliphate Only minaret of the medium size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains Minaret was expanded and used as a bell tower The mosque was converted to a church but destroyed in the 1600s during Morisco Revolts Ronda was a Muslim city for 700 years The city had 7 or 8 mosques none survive today 138 nbsp Russia Building Image Location First built Denomination Notes Juma Mosque Derbent Dagestan then part of the Abbasid Caliphate 700 900 approximate 82 Central Europe and Eastern Europe excluding the Caucasus European Russia and Nordic countries Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Al Agha Mosque nbsp Dragash nbsp Kosovo 1268 139 Built by Muslims who migrated from Aleppo in Syria to Kosovo 139 Dzhumaya Mosque nbsp Plovdiv nbsp Bulgaria 1363 1364 Built during the reign of Sultan Murad II the old building was demolished and replaced by the modern day mosque Sailors Mosque nbsp Ulcinj nbsp Montenegro 14th century Halit Efendi Mosque Slupcane Lipkovo Municipality nbsp North Macedonia 1415 140 It is considered to be the oldest mosque in North Macedonia However as a result of the various renovation works the building has been altered to such an extent that it is no longer in its original state 140 Turhan Emin Beg Mosque Ustikolina nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 1448 1449 141 Built by Turhan Emin beg Known to have been destroyed two times 1941 and 1992 and rebuilt two times 1956 and 2007 141 Fatih Mosque Elbasan Elbasan Castle nbsp Albania 1466 142 Built by the orders of Sultan Mehmed II 142 Old Mosque Plav Imperial Mosque nbsp Plav nbsp Montenegro 1471 143 Built during the Ottoman rule in the city 143 King Mosque or Sultan Bayazit Mosque nbsp Elbasan nbsp Albania 1482 Iljaz Mirahori Mosque nbsp Korce nbsp Albania 1494 144 It was built by Iljaz Hoxha also known as Iljaz Bey Mirahor 144 and is a Cultural Monument of Albania 145 Mosque of Kuklibeu nbsp Prizren nbsp Kosovo 1534 Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi nbsp Prizren nbsp Kosovo 1543 1581 Esmahan Sultan Mosque nbsp Mangalia nbsp Romania 1575 Oldest mosque in Romania nbsp Poland 1558 earliest attestation in writing 146 Tatar mosques in Poland were noted in a 1558 treatise Risale i Tatar i Lech 146 nbsp Lithuania then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1500 1600 147 Various records indicate Lithuanian Tatars built mosques in the Duchy during the 16th century 147 Mosque of Sinan Pasha nbsp Prizren nbsp Kosovo 1615 Log pod Mangartom Mosque nbsp Log pod Mangartom Municipality of Bovec nbsp Slovenia then Austria Hungary 1916 148 Built by Bosniak members of the Austro Hungarian army 148 Gunja Mosque nbsp Gunja nbsp Croatia 1969 The first and one of the few mosques in Croatia located near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina Vienna Islamic Centre Mosque nbsp Vienna nbsp Austria 1979 149 Brno Mosque nbsp Brno nbsp Czech Republic 1998 150 Construction began 1996 inaugurated 1998 150 British Isles Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Liverpool Mosque and Muslim Institute nbsp Liverpool nbsp England nbsp United Kingdom 1891 151 Liverpool Muslim Institute Several sources state that a mosque was founded in 1860 at 2 Glynrhondda Street Cardiff Wales This has been rejected by an academic paper as a transcription error 152 Dublin Mosque and Islamic Centre Dublin nbsp Ireland 1976 150 The first purpose built mosque was built in Ballyhaunis in 1987 citation needed See also List of mosques in France and List of mosques in Germany Western Central Europe excluding the British Isles Nordic countries and countries that are also in Eastern Europe Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Pere Lachaise Ottoman Mosque nbsp Paris first in Metropolitan France nbsp France 1856 This mosque served for burial prayers for Ottoman diplomats North African military personnel and Turkish and Arab students It fell into disrepair when France and the Ottoman Empire went to war in 1914 153 Grand Mosque of Paris nbsp Paris nbsp France 1926 The mosque was built in the Moroccan style and honored Muslim French veterans of World War I 154 Wunsdorf Mosque nbsp Wunsdorf Berlin nbsp Germany 1915 Erected in 1915 by the Imperial German Army administration for Muslim Allied prisoners of war in the POW camp in Wunsdorf later used as refugee camp In 1930 torn down due to lack of a congregation Mobarak Mosque nbsp The Hague nbsp Netherlands 1955 The first known purpose built mosque in the Netherlands Centre Islamique de Geneve Little Mosque of Geneva Geneva nbsp Switzerland 1961 Founded by Said Ramadan Nordic countries Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Jarvenpaa Mosque nbsp Finland 1942 A mosque of the community of Finnish Tatars It is considered to be the oldest mosque in Nordic countries Finland s first Muslim cemetery was established in the 1830s for Russian troops 155 Nusrat Djahan Mosque Hvidovre outside Copenhagen nbsp Denmark 1967 155 Founded by the Ahmadiyya first purpose built mosque in a Nordic country Islamic Cultural Centre Norway Oslo nbsp Norway 1974 Founded by Pakistani Norwegians aided by Danish Muslims of the Sunni Deobandi school The first Shi i mosque Anjuman e Hussain opened in 1975 the first Sunni Barelvi mosque opened in 1976 Nasir Mosque Gothenburg nbsp Sweden 1976 Stockholm nbsp Sweden 2000 156 Converted from Katarinastation a former power station Reykjavik Mosque Reykjavik nbsp Iceland 2002 157 Not a purpose built mosque but serves as an interim gathering site Oceania editSee also List of mosques in Oceania and List of mosques in Australia Australasia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Marree Mosque Marree South Australia nbsp Australia 1861 158 1882 67 Small structure in the South Australian desert built by Australia s Afghan camel drivers has been restored Central Adelaide Mosque Adelaide nbsp Australia 1888 158 The oldest major city mosque in the country 158 Auckland nbsp New Zealand 1979 begun 159 Cornerstone laid in 1979 the first Islamic centre in the country was installed in an Auckland house bought in 1959 159 Melanesia Building Image Location Country First built Denomination Notes Hidayatullah Sanoek Mosque Sanoek South Waigeo Raja Ampat Regency West Papua nbsp Indonesia 1505 approximate The oldest surviving mosque in Oceania 160 Vitogo Nausori and Tavua 161 nbsp Fiji 1922 approximate 161 A number of wooden mosques were built by local Islamic assemblies around 1922 161 Port Moresby 67 nbsp Papua New Guinea 2000 162 Islam was introduced to the island in the 1970s 162 and the first Islamic centre established in 1988 67 See also editList of oldest minarets List of tallest minarets Holiest sites in Islam Islamic architecture List of mosques in India Congregational mosque List of largest mosques List of mosques List of oldest known surviving buildings List of oldest church buildings List of oldest synagoguesNotes edit According to historian Oleg Grabar It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al haram al sharif literally the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram While the exact early history of this term is unclear we know that it only became common in Ottoman times when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility Before the Ottomans the space was usually called al masjid al aqsa the Farthest Mosque a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram or masjid bayt al maqdis Mosque of the Holy City or even like Mecca s sanctuary al masjid al ḥaram 22 References edit a b c Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1986 Goss V P Bornstein C V eds The Meeting of Two Worlds Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades Vol 21 Medieval Institute Publications Western Michigan University p 208 ISBN 978 0 9187 2058 0 a b c Quran 17 1 7 Quran 17 1 7 Quran 2 144 217 Quran 5 2 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 8 34 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 9 7 28 Quran 22 25 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 48 25 27 Quran 2 127 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 3 96 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 22 25 37 Mecca From Before Genesis Until Now M Lings pg 39 Archetype Zeitlin I M 2013 04 25 3 The Historical Muhammad John Wiley and Sons ISBN 978 0745654881 National Geographic Society U S de Blij H J Downs R John Wiley amp Sons 2007 Wiley National Geographic College Atlas of the World Wiley p 49 ISBN 978 0 471 74117 6 Retrieved 2022 06 15 Al Aqsa is the second oldest mosque in Islam after the Kaaba in Mecca and is third in holiness after the mosques in Mecca and Medina It holds up to 400 000 worshippers at one time The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem The Islamic Vision The Islamic Quarterly 4 1998 pp 233 242 Buchanan Allen 2004 States Nations and Borders The Ethics of Making Boundaries Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 52575 6 el Khatib Abdallah 1 May 2001 Jerusalem in the Qur an British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 28 1 25 53 doi 10 1080 13530190120034549 S2CID 159680405 Archived from the original on 9 December 2012 Retrieved 17 November 2006 Khalek N 2011 Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition Religion Compass 5 10 624 630 doi 10 1111 j 1749 8171 2011 00305 x One of the most pressing issues in both medieval and contemporary scholarship related to Jerusalem is weather the city is explicitly referenced in the text of the Qur an Sura 17 verse 1 which reads has been variously interpreted as referring to the miraculous Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad events recorded in medieval sources and known as the isra and miraj As we will see this association is a rather late and even a contested one The earliest Muslim work on the Religious Merits of Jerusalem was the Fada il Bayt al Maqdis by al Walid ibn Hammad al Ramli d 912 CE a text which is recoverable from later works He relates the significance of Jerusalem vis a vis the Jewish Temple conflating a collage of biblical narratives and comments pilgrimage to Jerusalem a practice which was controversial in later Muslim periods a b Frederick S Colby 6 August 2008 Narrating Muhammad s Night Journey Tracing the Development of the Ibn Abbas Ascension Discourse SUNY Press p 15 ISBN 978 0 7914 7788 5 Archived from the original on 15 July 2020 Retrieved 14 March 2018 If Muslims interpret the qur anic phrase the sacred place of prayer in diverse ways one encounters even more debate over the destination of the night journey the furthest place of prayer From the earliest extant Muslim texts it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning interpreted furthest place of prayer with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian Solomonic Temple in particular It is equally clear that other early Muslims disputed this connection identifying the furthest place of prayer instead as a reference to a site in the heavens Eventually a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad s journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem Even if the night journey verse were thought to refer first and foremost to the terrestrial portion of Muhammad s journey nevertheless for centuries scholars and storytellers also continued to connect this verse with the idea of an ascent through the levels of the heavens Grabar Oleg 1959 The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem Ars Orientalis 3 33 62 ISSN 0571 1371 JSTOR 4629098 Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al aqsd and among them are to be found such great names as al Bukhari and Tabarl Both Ibn Ishaq an al Ya qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma It was suggested by J Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven A Guillaume s careful analysis of the earliest texts al Waqidi and al Azraqi both in the later second century A H has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al aqsa applies specifically to al Ji ranah near Mekkah where there were two sanctuaries masjid al adnai and masjid al aqsa and where Muhammad so journed in dha al qa dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah Busse H 1968 The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam Judaism 17 4 441 Tradition varies as to the location of the Ascension Syrian local tradition was able to prevail by maintaining that the Ascension started in Jerusalem rather than in Mecca directly following the Night Journey Grabar 2000 p 203 Quran 2 129 Translated by Yusuf Ali Long David E 1979 2 The Rites of the Hajj The Hajj Today A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah SUNY Press pp 11 24 ISBN 978 0 8739 5382 5 With thousands of Hajjis most of them in motor vehicles rushing headlong for Muzdalifah the potential is there for one of There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al Mash ar al Haram the Sacred Grove Danarto 1989 A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca p 27 ISBN 978 0 8674 6939 4 It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah four miles away The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al Mash ar al Haram the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah as one of the conditions for the hajj We scrambled out of the bus and looked Jones Lindsay 2005 Encyclopedia of religion Vol 10 Macmillan Reference USA p 7159 ISBN 978 0 0286 5743 1 The Qur an admonishes When you hurry from Arafat remember God at the Sacred Grove al mash ar al haram that is at Muzdalifah 2 198 Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt Ziauddin Sardar M A Zaki Badawi 1978 Hajj Studies Jeddah Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre p 32 ISBN 978 0 8566 4681 2 Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque the Sacred Grove Al Mush ar al Haram On the morning of the tenth all depart a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Quran 9 108 Translated by Yusuf Ali a b Reid Richard J 12 January 2012 The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa A History of Modern Africa 1800 to the Present John Wiley and Sons p 106 ISBN 978 0470658987 Retrieved 15 March 2015 Abu Lughod Janet L 2018 Cairo 1001 Years of the City Victorious Princeton University Press p 13 ISBN 978 0 691 65660 1 Shoup John A 2017 The Nile An Encyclopedia of Geography History and Culture Bloomsbury Publishing USA p 209 ISBN 978 1 4408 4041 8 Sheehan Peter 2015 Babylon of Egypt The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City Oxford University Press pp 10 143 ISBN 978 977 416 731 7 O Kane Bernard 2016 The Mosques of Egypt American University of Cairo Press p 2 ISBN 9789774167324 Bloom Jonathan M Blair Sheila S eds 2009 Kairouan The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture Vol 2 Oxford University Press p 366 ISBN 9780195309911 Lafer Ali Sidi Uqba mosque minaret and tomb Discover Islamic Art Museum With No Frontiers Retrieved 28 March 2024 a b Chater Khalifa 2002 Zaytuna In Bearman P Bianquis Th Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Vol XI Brill pp 488 490 ISBN 9789004161214 Daoulatli Abdelaziz 2018 La Grande Mosquee Zitouna un authentique monument aghlabide milieu du IXe siecle In Anderson Glaire D Fenwick Corisande Rosser Owen Mariam eds The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors Art and Material Culture in Ninth Century North Africa in French Brill p 248 ISBN 978 90 04 35566 8 Lamine Sihem 2018 The Zaytuna The Mosque of a Rebellious City In Anderson Glaire D Fenwick Corisande Rosser Owen Mariam eds The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors Art and Material Culture in Ninth Century North Africa Brill pp 269 293 ISBN 978 90 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Klincksieck pp 5 17 24 Terrasse Henri 1942 La mosquee des Andalous a Fes in French Paris Les Editions d art et d histoire pp 10 11 a b Petersen Andrew 1996 Libiya Libyan Arab People s Socialist State Dictionary of Islamic Architecture Routledge pp 165 166 ISBN 9781134613663 a b Bloom Jonathan M 2020 Architecture of the Islamic West North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula 700 1800 Yale University Press pp 218 219 ISBN 9780300218701 Almagro Antonio 2015 The Great Mosque of Tlemcen and the Dome of its Maqsura Al Qantara 36 1 199 257 doi 10 3989 alqantara 2015 007 hdl 10261 122812 a b c d Westerlund David Svanberg Ingvar 1999 Islam Outside the Arab World Psychology Press ISBN 978 0 7007 1124 6 Kizimkazi Mosque ArchNet Massachusetts Institute of Technology Archived from the original on 2005 02 19 Retrieved 2010 09 04 Pauly Martial 10 February 2011 La mosquee de Tsingoni la plus ancienne mosquee en activite de France Tsingoni Mosque the oldest active mosque in France Archeologie Mayotte Ocean 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