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Cavite

Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kabite;[b] Chavacano: Provincia de Cavite), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines. As of 2020, it has a population of 4,344,829, making it the most populated province in the country if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu's population figure.

Cavite
Province of Cavite
Clockwise (from the top): Aguinaldo Shrine, monolith of Mount Pico de Loro, Tagaytay, Corregidor Island, monument of the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite
Nickname: 
Historical Capital of the Philippines[1]
Motto(s): 
Dangal at Pag-ibig sa Bayan
(Honor and Love for Country)
Anthem: Himno ng Kabite
"Cavite Hymn"
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 14°16′N 120°52′E / 14.27°N 120.87°E / 14.27; 120.87Coordinates: 14°16′N 120°52′E / 14.27°N 120.87°E / 14.27; 120.87
CountryPhilippines
RegionCalabarzon
Established1614[2][3]
Capital
Largest cityDasmariñas
Government
 • TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan
 • GovernorJonvic Remulla (NUP)
 • Vice GovernorAthena Bryana Tolentino (NUP)
 • LegislatureCavite Provincial Board
Area
 • Total1,574.17 km2 (607.79 sq mi)
 • Land1,426.06 km2 (550.60 sq mi)
 • Rank67th out of 81
Highest elevation688 m (2,257 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [7]
 • Total4,344,829
 • Rank1st out of 81
 • Density2,800/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
  • Rank2nd out of 81
Demonym(s)Caviteño (masculine or neutral)
Caviteña (feminine)
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities
 • Municipalities
 • Barangays829
 • DistrictsLegislative districts of Cavite
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups
 • Native languagesTagalog
Chavacano
 • Languages(Major language)
Filipino
English
Chavacano
(Minor language)
Bicolano
Cebuano
Ilocano
Hiligaynon
Waray
Time zoneUTC+8 (PHT)
IDD:area code+63 (0)46
ISO 3166 codePH-CAV
Major religions
Ecclesiastical diocese
Patron saint
Websitewww.cavite.gov.ph

The de facto capital and seat of the government of the province is Trece Martires, although Imus is the official (de jure) capital while the City of Dasmariñas is the largest city in the province.

For over 300 years, the province played an important role in both the country's colonial past and eventual fight for independence, earning it the title "Historical Capital of the Philippines". It became the cradle of the Philippine Revolution, which led to the renouncement of Spanish colonial control, finally culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898 in Kawit. The old provincial capital, Cavite City also hosted docks for the Manila galleon, becoming an essential part of commerce between Asia and Latin America.

Originally an agricultural province, its northern cities of Bacoor, Imus, and Dasmariñas (with a combined population of 1,864,560 at the 2020 Census) are now suburbs of Manila due to increasing urbanization in the late 1900s. This province forms part of the Greater Manila Area.

Etymology

The name "Cavite" comes from the Hispanicized form of kawit or it may be a corruption of kalawit, Tagalog words for "hook", in reference to the small hook-shaped peninsula jutting out to Manila Bay.[10] The name originally applied to the peninsula, Cavite La Punta (now Cavite City) and the adjacent lowland coastal area of Cavite Viejo (now Kawit).

Another theory proposes that the name is a Hispanicized form of kabit, Tagalog for "joined", "connected", or "attached", referring to the peninsula's topographical relation to the mainland.[10] Edmund Roberts, in his 1821 memoir, stated that the "natives" called it Caveit due to the "crooked point of land extending into the sea".[11]

History

Pre-Hispanic period

The present Cavite City was once a mooring place for Chinese junks that came to trade with the settlements around Manila Bay. The land was formerly known as "Tangway". Archeological evidence in coastal areas shows prehistorical settlements. According to local folklore, the earliest settlers of Cavite came from China or Vietnam.

Spanish colonial period

The Spanish colonizers who arrived in the late 16th century saw the unusual tongue of land jutting out on Manila Bay and saw its deep waters as the main staging ground where they could launch their bulky galleons. It would later become the most important port linking the colony to the outside world through the Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade. In 1571, Spanish colonizers established the port and City of Cavite and fortified the settlement as a first line of defense for the city of Manila. Galleons were built and fitted at the port and many Chinese merchants settled in the communities of Bacoor and Kawit, opposite the Spanish city to trade silks, porcelain and other oriental goods.[12]

"A defensive curtained wall was constructed the length of Cavite's western side," beginning from the entrance, "La Estanzuela", and continuing to the end of the peninsula, "Punta de Rivera", with the eastern shore unprotected by a wall. Cavite contained government offices, churches, mission buildings, Spanish homes, Fort San Felipe and the Rivera de Cavite shipyard. Docks were in place to construct galleons and galleys, but without a dry dock, ships were repaired by careening along the beach.[12]

Fort San Felipe, La Fuerza de San Felipe, was built between 1609 and 1616. This quadrilateral structure of curtained walls, with bastions at the corners, contained 20 cannons facing the seashore. Three infantry companies, 180 men each, plus 220 Pampangan infantry, garrisoned the fort.[12]: 142–143 

The galleons Espiritu Santo and San Miguel, plus six galleys were constructed between 1606 and 1616. From 1729 to 1739, "the main purpose of the Cavite shipyard was the construction and outfitting of the galleons for the Manila to Acapulco trade run."[12]

The vibrant mix of traders, Spanish seamen from Spain and its Latin-American colonies,[13][14] as well as local residents, gave rise to the use of pidgin Spanish called Chabacano. A great number of Mexican men had settled at Cavite, spread throughout Luzon, and had integrated with the local Philippine population. Some of these Mexicans became Tulisanes (Bandits) that led peasant revolts against Spain.[15] Mexicans weren't the only Latin Americans in Cavite, as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans, one such was the Puerto Rican, Alonso Ramirez, who became a sailor in Cavite, and published the first Latin American novel called "Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez"[16]

In 1614, the politico-military jurisdiction of Cavite was established. As with many other provinces organized during the Spanish colonial era, Cavite City, the name of the capital, was applied to the whole province, Cavite. The province covered all the present territory except for the town of Maragondon, which used to belong to the Corregimiento of Mariveles. Maragondon was ceded to Cavite in 1754 when Bataan province was created from Pampanga province.[17] Within Maragondon is a settlement established in 1660 by Christian Papuan exiles brought in by the Jesuits from Ternate in the Maluku Islands, and named this land Ternate after their former homeland.[2][3]

Owing to its military importance, Cavite had been attacked by foreigners in their quest to conquer Manila and the Philippines. The Dutch made a surprise attack on the city in 1647, pounding the port incessantly, but were repulsed. In 1672, the British occupied the port during their two-year control in the Philippines.[2]

In the 17th century, encomiendas (Spanish Royal land grants) were given in Cavite and Maragondon to Spanish conquistadores and their families. The religious orders began acquiring these lands, with some donated, enlarging vast haciendas (estates) in Cavite during the 18th and 19th centuries, enriching themselves. These haciendas became the source of bitter conflicts between the friar orders and Filipino farmers and pushed a number of Caviteños to live as outlaws. This opposition to the friar orders was an important factor that drove many Cavite residents to support reform, and later, independence.[2]

In 1872, Filipinos launched their revolt against Spain. Three Filipino priests—Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora—were implicated in the Cavite mutiny when 200 Filipinos staged a rebellion within Spanish garrisons. On August 28, 1896, when the revolution against Spain broke out, Cavite became a bloody theater of war. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, Caviteños made lightning raids on Spanish headquarters, and soon liberated the entire province through the Battle of Alapan. Aguinaldo commanded the Revolution to its successful end – the proclamation of the First Republic of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, in Kawit.

 
A marker affixed to the Cavite cannon in Winnetka, Illinois, USA that reads "This gun was mounted on the defences of Cavite arsenal which was surrendered to Commodore George Dewey"

During the Spanish–American War, American forces attacked the Spanish squadron in Cavite. The Spanish defeat marked the end of Spanish rule in the country.[2] A captured Spanish cannon from the Cavite arsenal now sits in Village Green Park in Winnetka, Illinois, United States of America.[18]

World War II: Japanese occupation and liberation

In May 1942, after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor Island, the Japanese Imperial forces occupied Cavite and made garrisons in each town of the province.

After surviving the Bataan Death March and released from Capas, Tarlac concentration camp United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) Col. Mariano Castañeda, returned to Cavite and secretly organized the guerilla forces in the province.

The Japanese authorities pressured him to accept the position as Provincial Governor of Cavite, he refused many times over until his excuses did not work, much against his will he was forced to accept the position by the Japanese, and by thinking that it would be beneficial to further organize the resistance movement as Governor by day and a guerilla commander by night. Eventually, the Japanese discovered his guerilla connection and raided his house in the attempt to capture him, but he escaped along with Col. Lamberto Javalera by swimming the Imus river up to Salinas, Bacoor and finally joined his comrades in the field in Neneng, the General Headquarters of the Fil American Cavite Guerilla Forces (FACGF) located in Dasmariñas.

At this time due to his organizational skills the FACGF raised a regiment in each of the administrative units and also created attached special battalions Overall, 3 special battalions, 1 medical battalion, 1 signal company, 1 hospital unit, Division GHQ and Staff were raised to provide administrative and combat support. Later on, the FACGF, with a peak of 14,371 Enlisted Men and 1,245 officers, grew into a formidable force to take on the omnipresent rule of the Japanese in the province. At its peak the force contained 14 infantry regiments:

  • 1st Infantry Regiment, Imus (Col. Lorenzo Saulog)
  • 2nd Infantry Regiment, Bacoor (Col. Francisco Guererro)
  • 3rd Infantry Regiment, Silang (Col. Dominador Kiamson)
  • 4th Infantry Regiment, Dasmariñas (Col. Estanislao Mangubat Carungcong)
  • 5th Infantry Regiment, Barangay Anabu, Imus (Col. Raymundo Paredes)
  • 6th Infantry Regiment, Cavite City (Col. Amado Soriano)
  • 7th Infantry Regiment, Alfonso (Col. Angeles Hernais)
  • 8th Infantry Regiment, Naic (Col. Emilio Arenas)
  • 9th Infantry Regiment, Mendez (Col. Maximo Rodrigo)
  • 10th Infantry Regiment Kawit (Col. Hugo Vidal)
  • 11th Infantry Regiment Imus (Col. Maximo Reyes)
  • 12th Infantry Regiment, Amadeo (Col. Daniel Mediran)
  • 13th Infantry Regiment, Rosario (Col. Ambrosio Salud)
  • 14th Infantry Regiment, Brgy. Paliparan, Dasmariñas (Col. Emiliano De La Cruz)

On January 31, 1945, the liberation of the province of Cavite started with the combined forces of the American 11th Airborne Division under General Swing and Col. Hildebrand and the valiant Caviteño guerilleros of the Fil-American Cavite Guerilla Forces, which liberated the province of Cavite from the Japanese occupiers, and protected at all costs the National Highway 17 from Tagaytay to Las Piñas that serve as the vital supply route of the 11th Airborne Division, paving the way towards the road to the bitter but victorious Battle of Manila.

Postwar era

The economic growth of the country began to creep its way to the province following the end of the Second World War and the restoration of independence. Given its proximity to Manila, the province soon began to feel a transformation into an economic provider of food and industrial goods not just for Metro Manila but for the whole of the country.[citation needed] In 1954, Trece Martires City was created out as a planned capital city from portions of Tanza, Indang, Naic, and General Trias. Despite the transfer of capital status to Imus in 1979, it retains many offices of the provincial government, acting thus as the de facto capital of the province. Also, Tagaytay's high location and cool temperatures would enable it to become a secondary summer capital and a vacation spot especially during the Christmas season, given its proximity to the Manila area.[citation needed]

The economy of Cavite remained largely agricultural during the decades after the war, from the 1940s to the 1980s, with attempts to create industrial estates in the early 1970s largely falling flat in light of the Crony Capitalism and economic crises of the late 1970s and early 1980s.[19]

During the Marcos dictatorship

The Philippines' gradual postwar recovery took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being one of the early landmark events.[20] Economic analysts generally attribute this to the ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign,[20][21][22] although Marcos blamed the 1968 formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines as the reason for the social unrest of the period.[23] : "43" [24][25] There were clashes between government and communist protesters in the rural areas and the western highlands of Cavite.[citation needed]

Another conflict faced by the Philippines throughout the last part of the 20th century had some of its roots in Cavite - the moro conflict, which was largely sparked by outrage in the wake of exposes about the Jabidah Massacre. The exposes told the story of how a group of moro men were recruited by the military for Operation Merdeka, Marcos' secret plan to invade Sabah and reclaim it from Malaysia, and trained them on the island of Corregidor, which is administered by Cavite province. When for various reasons the recruits decided that they no longer wanted to follow their officers' orders, their officers allegedly shot all the recruits to death, with only one survivor managing to live by feigning death. The exposes angered the Philippines' Muslim minority enough to trigger the Moro conflict, eventually leading to the creation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).[26][27]

In 1972 - one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973 - Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines Martial Law.[28] This allowed Marcos to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Cavite went through many social and economic ups and downs.[28]

The human rights abuses, crony capitalism, propagandistic construction projects, and personal expensive lifestyles of the Marcos Family[28] prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture.[29] Among the prominent Caviteño oppositionists were Armed Forces Colonel Bonifacio Gillego, who spoke out against human rights abuses by the military and later exposed the fact that Ferdinand Marcos had faked most of his military medals.[30] Another was Roman Catholic Priest Fr. Joe Dizon, who led led protest actions against government corruption and human rights abuses during martial law in the Philippines, political dynasties, and the pork barrel system and brought social issues to the attention of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines.[31] Both Gillego and Dizon are honored at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought authoritarian rule under Marcos.[32] Other Caviteños honored there include Philippine Navy Captain Danilo Vizmanos, musician Benjie Torralba, activists Modesto "Bong" Sison, Florencio Pesquesa, and Artemio Celestial Jr., and Nemesio Prudente who would later become president of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.[32]

Presidential Decree No. 1 of 1972 grouped the Provinces of the Philippines into administrative regions, and Cavite was organized into Region IV. The Luzon mainland provinces of this region - Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon - were prioritized for industrialization, and large amounts of agricultural land in Cavite were acquired for conversion into industrial estates throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.[19] However, these government-owned or corporate-owned estates were unsuccessful at first, and many of them became unused lands well into the Philippine economic collapse of the early 1980s.[19] Old Cavite residents who were primarily engaged in agriculture were displaced and left the province, replaced by a rising number of residents from the capital region.[19]

Rosario was the first Cavite town to have several large industrial projects, including a refinery set up by FilOil Refinery Corporation.[19] An influx of new residents into the north and west parts of Carmona led to the separation of these portions into a new town, General Mariano Alvarez, in 1981. The migration had begun in 1968, when the Carmona Resettlement Project was established under the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) - an effort to resettle illegal settlers from around the Quezon Memorial Park area in Quezon City. A site in Carmona was selected, and by the mid-1970s, the resettlement area soon attracted poor and middle class migrants alike from Quezon City, Manila, Makati and Parañaque. Their clamor to have a municipality of their own resulted in the creation of General Mariano Alvarez.[33] Bacoor, given its proximity to Metro Manila, saw the building of the first residential villages during this time, providing accommodation the rising number of workers from the nearby capital.[citation needed]

One geographical feature of Cavite, Mount Sungay, was significantly altered in 1979 when First Lady Imelda Marcos ordered the construction of the Palace in the Sky, a mansion originally intended as a guesthouse for former California Governor Ronald Reagan (who never arrived). This drastically reduced the height of the mountain, which had once been a landmark that helped guide sailors into Manila bay. The mansion remained unfinished after the People Power Revolution in 1986 that toppled the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos. The new government renamed it the People's Park in the Sky, to show the excesses of the ousted regime.[34]

Contemporary history

In 2002 Region IV was split into two parts: Region IV-A, known as Calabarzon; and Region IV-B, known as Mimaropa.[35] Cavite was made part of Region IV-A, which is also known as the known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland.[36]

Geography

 
Detailed topographic map of Cavite

Cavite is surrounded by Laguna province to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas province to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea.[37] It is located within the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with adjacent Metro Manila, the defined capital region.[citation needed]

Cavite is the second-smallest province (the Province of Rizal being the smallest) in the Calabarzon region. Cavite occupies a land area of 1,427.06 square kilometres (550.99 sq mi), which is approximately 8.72 percent of Calabarzon's total land area, 2.74 percent of the regional area and 0.48 per cent of the total land area of the Philippines. The municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas, comprising 165.49 square kilometres (63.90 sq mi) and 156.41 square kilometres (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while the municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5.41 square kilometres (2.09 sq mi) or 0.38 percent of the provincial total and area.[38]

Topography and slope

 
Topographic map of Cavite on 1 arc second/30-meter resolution

Situated at the entrance of Manila Bay, Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctuated by hills; shoreline fronting Manila Bay at sea level; and rugged portion at the boundary with Batangas where the Dos Picos mountains are located. The province has two mountain ranges.

Cavite is divided into four physiographical areas, namely: the lowest lowland area, lowland area, the central hilly area and the upland mountainous area.[39]

Islands

Geology

The Mines and Geosciences Bureau's (MGB) geologic map of Cavite in 1987,[45] reveals that Taal Tuff underlies the majority of the province (all of Cavite except for Imus City, Bacoor City, Rosario, Noveleta, Kawit, and Cavite City as well as portions of Naic, Carmona, General Mariano Alvarez, General Emilio Aguinaldo, Maragondon, Magallanes, Ternate, Tanza, General Trias City, and Dasmariñas City). The Taal Tuff consists of fine to medium-grained basaltic tuffs and minor flows, including volcanic breccia and cinders.

According to Corby and others (1951), Taal Tuff is composed of thinly laminated white ash and stringers (thin, discontinuous rock layers) of black cinders. No coarse agglomerates and breccia tuffs resembling the Guadalupe Tuff (now referred to as the Diliman Tuff part of the Guadalupe Formation) were seen. It extends across Batangas, Cavite, and Laguna and has a maximum thickness of more than 400 meters (Teves, 1954).[46]

A newly designated stratigraphic unit, the Mataas na Gulod Volcanic Complex (MGB, 2004), resembles the Taal Tuff and its distribution region in Cavite and Batangas. Basalt, andesite, breccia, pyroclastic rocks, and lahar make up its lithology (Peña, 2008). Currently, there seems to be no information on when Taal Tuff will be updated.

Diliman Tuff underlies almost half of Tanza and General Trias City, a part of Naic and Dasmariñas City, and the whole of Bacoor City and Imus City. Alat Conglomerate is the lowest member of the Guadalupe Formation, whereas Diliman Tuff is the upper member. Flat-lying and moderately to thinly bedded, the Diliman Tuff is composed of fine-grained vitric tuff, welded pyroclastic breccia, and minor fine- to medium-grained tuffaceous sandstone. The matrix of the glassy tuff contains minute quantities of black mafic minerals, pumiceous, and scoriaceous materials.

Most mountain ridges in Ternate and Maragondon are composed of Lobo Agglomerate, whereas Magallanes has just a few minor areas. Massive agglomerates and volcanic breccia composed of well-cemented andesite and dacite clasts set in a fine matrix of the same composition with modest interbedded and intercalated lapilli tuffs define this rock type. It is identical to the Sampiro Agglomerates of dela Cruz and Abadilla (1958) as well as the conglomerate of Cruz and Mantaring (1969) (MGB, 1987).

The Lobo Agglomerate is now considered a part of the Pinamucan Formation. It is situated on the top horizon of the Pinamucan Formation (Avila, 1980). The Pinamucan Formation is an interbedded series of conglomerate, sandstone, fine-grained tuffaceous clastics, tuff, and shale that may be found in Batangas, along the upper Pinamucan, upper Calumpit, and middle Lobo rivers. The conglomerate is slightly indurated and composed of well-sorted pebbles of andesite, diorite, and metasediments embedded in a sandy tuffaceous matrix (MGB, 1987; Pea, 2008). This formation appears as a single patch across the border between Maragondon and Magallanes.

In some mountain areas of Maragondon and Magallanes, the Talahib Andesite is observed. It consists mainly of andesite flows interbedded with thin layers of pyroclastic and bedded tuff (MGB, 1987). In addition, the andesite is vesicular, amygdaloidal, flow banded, and displays indications of propylitization (epidote and chlorite were seen). Also discovered were silicification and pyritization, although only locally along shear zones. The Talahib Andesite (Avila, 1980) is equivalent to the Nasugbu Volcanic Complex (Malicdem and others, 1963), the Batangas Extrusives and Pyroclastics (Malicdem and others, 1963), the Batangas Volcanics (Corby and others, 1951), and the Banoy Volcanics (Wolfe and others, 1980).[47]

Quaternary Alluvium was abundant in the coastal areas, alluvial plains, and a large portion of the low-lying areas of Ternate, Maragondon, Carmona, General Mariano Alvarez, Naic, Tanza, Rosario, Noveleta, Kawit, Cavite City, Imus City, General Trias City, and Bacoor City. It consists of coastal and river deposits of unconsolidated sediments, including sand and gravel.

Land resources and distribution

Cavite's land resources are categorized into two: forest lands and alienable and disposable lands. Forest lands are being maintained as they play a great role in the ecological balance of the province aside from the fact that they are home to numerous flora and fauna that needs to be protected and preserved. Correspondingly, the alienable and disposable lands are the built-up areas as well as production areas. These lands are intended for urban, economic and demographic developments.

Forest lands

Cavite province lies in the western monsoon forest zone. This location is very beneficial for the formation of tropical rainforests, which are characteristically made through natural vegetation. In 2007, the existing forest area within the province totaled only to 8,625 hectares (21,310 acres). These forest areas were categorized as Protected Landscape under the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) and the rest, unclassified forest (Non-NIPAS). A total of 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) are located within the Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape, a protected area in Ternate and Maragondon created by Proclamation Number 1594 on October 26, 1976. The park lies at the border of Cavite and Batangas and encompasses three peaks, Palay-Palay, Pico de Loro and Mataas na Gulod. The five unclassified forests are found along Tagaytay Ridge, Maragondon, Magallanes, Ternate and Alfonso. The other mountain peaks in the province are Mt. Buntis, Mt. Nagpatong, Mt. Hulog and Mt. Gonzales (Mt. Sungay).

Cavite's forest provides an abundance of different forest products. Bamboo, a member of the grass family, is one of the most available forest products found in the municipalities of Ternate, Magallanes, Maragondon and General Aguinaldo throughout the year.

Alienable and disposable lands

These lands are being used in various ways, either for agriculture, residences, open areas, etc. Based on the Cavite Provincial Physical Framework Plan 2005–2010, Cavite's alienable and disposable lands are further classified into production lands and built-up areas. Production lands in Cavite are intended for agriculture, fishery, and mining. On the other hand, built-up areas are mainly for residential areas, commercial, industrial and tourism areas.

Production land-use

Majority of production land-use is for agriculture. Considering that 50.33% of the total provincial land area is engaged in agriculture, it can be generalized that in spite of rapid urbanization in the province, Cavite remains to have an agricultural economy that makes food security attainable. Some of the major crops being produced in the province are rice, corn, coffee, coconuts, cut flowers and vegetables.

Included in the agricultural land use are livestock farms that range from piggery, poultry, goat and cattle farms. The climatic suitability of Cavite makes the province ideal for integrated farming, having crops and livestock raising in one farm.

Fishery is also another major component of the agricultural sector. Having rich marine resources and long coastlines, the province is home to numerous fishery activities providing livelihood to many Caviteños. In some lowland and even upland areas, fishery, in the form of fish ponds are also producing a large amount of fish products. Some areas in Cavite are also engaged in fish processing and production of fish products like fish sauce.

Mining is the third component of production land-use in the province. As of 2009, there are 15 mining and quarrying areas operating in Cavite. Extraction includes filling materials, gravel, and sand.

Built-up areas

The built-up areas are mainly composed of residential and industrial sites. This also includes commercial and business areas where commerce is transpiring. According to the 2007 Census of Population and Housing by the Philippine Statistics Authority, there are 611,450 occupied housing units in Cavite.

Moreover, according to the Housing and Land-Use Regulatory Board, there are around 1,224 housing subdivisions with issued license to sell in the province until 2009 which occupies an area of 9,471 hectares.

Meanwhile, the industrial sector also develops rapidly in the province. For 2009, operational industrial estates cover around 2,939 hectares (7,260 acres). Tourism establishments are also considered built-up areas such as golf courses, leisure farms, resorts and the likes.[38]

Water resources

The hydrological network of the province is composed of seven major rivers and its tributaries. These river systems generally flows from the highlands of Tagaytay and Maragondon to Manila Bay. Numerous springs, waterfalls and rivers found in the upland areas of the province, have been developed for tourism. In the lowland areas, hundreds of artesian wells and deep wells provide water supply for both residential and irrigation purposes.

Cavite shoreline stretches about 123 kilometres (76 mi). The communities located along the coast are Cavite City, Bacoor, Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario, Tanza, Naic, Maragondon, and Ternate. The richness of Cavite's coastal resources is a major producer of oysters and mussels. The fishing industry also produces shrimp and bangus (milkfish). The western coastline are lined with pale gray sand beaches popular with tourists. Thus, fishery and tourism contribute to the economic activity of the province.[48]

Soil properties

Cavite is composed of several soil types according to soil surveys conducted by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM). Classification of soil types in a specific area is a very important consideration in identifying its most fitted land-use. This way, utmost productivity can be achieved.

The lowland area of Cavite is generally composed of Guadalupe clay and clay loam. It is characterized as coarse and granular when dry but sticky and plastic when wet. Its substratum is solid volcanic tuff. These types of soils are suited to lowland rice and corn while those in the upland are suited for orchard and pasture. Guadalupe clay adobes are abundant in the southern part of Bacoor and Imus bordering Dasmariñas. The soil is hard and compact and difficult to cultivate that makes it generally unsuitable for diverse cropping. It is very sticky when wet and granular when dry. Forage grass is advised for this type of soil. Hydrosol and Obando sand are found along Bacoor Bay. The shoreline of Rosario, Tanza, Naic and Ternate are lined with Guadalupe sand.

The central area principally consists of Magallanes loam with streaks of Magallanes clay loam of sandy texture. This is recommended for diversified farming such as the cultivation of upland rice, corn, sugarcane, vegetables, coconut, coffee, mangoes and other fruit trees. The steep phase should be forested or planted to rootcrops. The eastern side of Cavite consists of Carmona clay loam with streaks of Carmona clay loam steep phase and Carmona sandy clay loam. This type of soil is granular with tuffaceaous material and concretions. It is hard and compact when dry, sticky and plastic when wet. This type of soil is planted to rice with irrigation or sugarcane without irrigation. Fruit trees such as mango, avocado and citrus are also grown in this type of soil. Guingua fine sandy loam is found along the lower part of Malabon and Alang-ilang River at Noveleta.

The type of soils that dominate the upland areas are Tagaytay loam and Tagaytay sandy loam with mountain soil undifferentiated found on the south-eastern side bordering Laguna province. Also on the southern tip are Magallanes clay and Mountain soil undifferentiated with interlacing of Magallanes clay loam steep phase. The Tagaytay loam contains fine sandy materials, moderately friable, and easy to work on when moist. In an undisturbed condition, it bakes and becomes hard when dry. About one-half of this soil type is devoted to upland rice and upland crops. On the other hand, Tagaytay sandy loam is friable and granular with considerable amount of volcanic sand and underlain by adobe clay. Mountain soil undifferentiated is forested with bamboos found in the sea coast. Cavite also has the Patungan sand characterized by pale gray to almost white sand with substratum of marine conglomerates which are found at Santa Mercedes in Maragondon and in some coastlines of Ternate.[38]

Mineral resources and reserves

The greater parts of Cavite are composed of volcanic materials, tuff, cinders, basalt, breccias, agglomerate and interbeddings of shales, and sandstones. The dormant and active volcanoes (Taal) are within these volcanic areas and have been the sources of volcanic materials which form the Tagaytay Cuesta. The drainage systems are deeply entrenched in the tuffs, eroding thin interbedded sandstones and conglomerate rocks which are the sources of little reserves of sand and gravel in the larger stream. Adobe stone quarries also flourish in the tuff areas.

Cavite coastal areas have marl and conglomerate sedimentary rocks and some igneous rocks which are prominent in the high, mountainous regions of western part of the province. Black sands are found in Kawit while Noveleta has its own salt products. Magallanes has gravel deposits while reserves of sand and gravel materials are found in Alfonso, Carmona, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Naic, Ternate, Maragondon and Silang.[38]

Administrative divisions

Cavite comprises 16 municipalities and 7 cities:

 
Political divisions

Climate

Cavite belongs to Type 1 climate based on the Climate Map of the Philippines by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Being a Type 1, Cavite has two pronounced seasons – the dry season, which usually begins in November and ends in April, and the rainy season, which starts in May and ends in October.[38] The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Am" (Tropical Monsoon Climate).[51]

Climate data for Cavite
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29
(84)
29
(84)
31
(87)
32
(89)
33
(91)
31
(87)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
29
(84)
30
(86)
Average low °C (°F) 23
(73)
23
(73)
24
(75)
25
(77)
26
(78)
25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13
(0.5)
5.1
(0.2)
10
(0.4)
18
(0.7)
120
(4.8)
250
(9.9)
290
(11.6)
420
(16.4)
340
(13.3)
150
(6.1)
110
(4.4)
53
(2.1)
1,780
(70.1)
Source: Weatherbase[52]

Demographics

Population census of Cavite
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 134,779—    
1918 157,355+1.04%
1939 238,581+2.00%
1948 262,550+1.07%
1960 378,138+3.09%
1970 520,180+3.24%
1975 628,321+3.86%
1980 771,320+4.18%
1990 1,152,534+4.10%
1995 1,610,324+6.47%
2000 2,063,161+5.46%
2007 2,856,765+4.59%
2010 3,090,691+2.91%
2015 3,678,301+3.37%
2020 4,344,829+3.33%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [50][53][54]

Cavite had a total population of 4,344,829 in the 2020 census, [7] making it the most populous (if independent cities are excluded from Cebu), and the second most densely populated province in the country. The tremendous increase can be observed in the year 1990 when industrialization was introduced in the province. Investors established their businesses in different industrial estates that magnetized people to migrate to Cavite due to job opportunities the province offers. Another factor attributed to the increase of population is the mushrooming of housing subdivisions. Since Cavite is proximate to Metro Manila, people working in the metropolitan area choose to live in the province together with their families. Natural increase also contributes to the increase in population. The population density of the province based on the 2020 census was 2,800 inhabitants per square kilometre or 7,300 inhabitants per square mile. [7][55]

Among the cities and municipalities in Cavite, the city of Dasmariñas has the biggest population with 659,019 people while the municipality of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo has registered the smallest population with 22,220 people.

Cavite is classified as predominantly urban having 90.69 percent of the population concentrated in the urban areas, while 9.21 percent of the population reside in the rural areas.

Religion

 
Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga Patroness of the Province of Cavite.

Christianity

In line with national statistics, Christianity is the predominant faith in the province, composed of Catholics, Protestants, and other Independent Christian groups. The majority (70%) of the population are Roman Catholic.

Adherents of the Philippine Independent Church, also known as the Aglipayan Church, are particularly found in the towns where historically the Philippine Revolution and anti-clericalist sentiments are strong.

The Eastern Orthodox Church presence in Cavite province was a part of the Philippine Orthodox Church here in the Philippines under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Moscow and its own Orthodox Diocese province in Southeast Asia the Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam. Many Orthodox community lives throughout the province especially in the city of Tagaytay.[56][57]

The strong presence of other Christian denominations and sects such as the mainline Protestant Evangelical Churches, Christian Fellowships and other Christian sects are also evident throughout the province. Chapels of the Iglesia ni Cristo also known as INC, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[citation needed] and the Seventh-day Adventist Church including its key institutions such as the Adventist University of the Philippines and Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies are in Cavite.[58] Meanwhile, the Members Church of God International has established coordinating centers throughout the province and a local convention center situated in Biga, Silang, Cavite.

Islam

With the influx of Filipino Muslim migrants from the Mindanao, local Caviteño Balik Islam or reverts, and some non-Filipino expats, their OFW spouses and children returning from Muslim countries, Sunni Islam of either the Shafii or Hanbali schools-of-thought has become evident in various areas of the province, and accounts for the majority of the non-Christian population.

Mosques, prayer halls, and prayer rooms catering to the community exist in places where local Muslim Caviteños live and work; especially in the municipalities of Bacoor, Imus, Rosario, and Dasmariñas.

Interreligious dialogue and communal relations between the majority Christians and minority Muslims are peaceful and amicable, with some families consisting of both Christian and Muslim members.

Other faiths

Non-Abrahamic faiths include native Tagalog anitism, animism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. Among the local Chinese and Chinese-Filipino communities, Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are followed.

Languages

The main languages spoken are Tagalog, Chavacano and English. Due to the province of Metro Manila bordering Cavite to the south, a large number of people from farther provinces have migrated to Cavite, resulting in minor but significant usage of the Bicolano, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon and Waray languages.

Chavacano in Cavite

Chavacano or Chabacano is a Spanish-based creole language and known in linguistics as Philippine Creole Spanish. Chabacano is originally spoken by the majority of the Caviteños that lived in Cavite City and Ternate after the arrival of the Spaniards three centuries ago. The various groups in the area of different linguistic backgrounds adopted a pidgin language, with mostly Spanish vocabulary, in order to communicate with each other. As children grew up in Cavite with that pidgin as their native language, it evolved into a creole language.[59]

Now used almost exclusively in Cavite City and coastal Ternate, Chabacano enjoyed its widest diffusion and greatest splendor in Spanish and American period of Filipino history, when newspapers and literary outputs flourished. Cavite Chabacano was spoken with relative ease because it was essentially a simplification of Castillan morphology patterned after the Tagalog syntax. Gradually and naturally, it acquired the sounds present in the Spanish phonological system. After World War II, creole Spanish speakers within the capital of the archipelago vanished. Around 30,000 Caviteños still speak Chabacano, mostly elderly speakers. The language is today taught in elementary schools in both Cavite City and Ternate as part of the K-12 national curriculum from the first to 3rd grades, building up a new generation of speakers and writers within the province.

Culture

Aside from the celebrations of town fiestas, the province of Cavite celebrates festivals as forms of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest. Some of these festivals are also observed in honor of the historical legacies passed from one generation to another generation. In fact, the province fetes the renowned Kalayaan Festival which is given a great social importance in commemoration of the heroism of its people. The annual Fiesta de la Reina del Provincia de Cavite is a grandiose fiesta celebration in honor of the patroness of the province, the Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga. The image is enshrined at San Roque Church in Cavite City. Her feastday is celebrated every 2nd and 3rd Sunday of November.

Traditions and fiesta celebrations include Mardicas, a war dance held in Ternate town. Karakol street dancing with a fluvial procession is usually held in coastal towns. There is also a pre-colonial ritual called the Sanghiyang as a form of thanksgiving and to heal the sick.[where?] Another cultural tradition is the Live via Crucis or Kalbaryo ni Hesus held during Holy Week. The Maytinis or word prayer that is annually held in Kawit every December 24 before the beginning of the midnight Mass.

Festivals

Special events

Foundation Day

Cavite Province celebrates its foundation every March 10

Birthday of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo

This is celebrated every March 22 in commemoration of the birth of the First President of the Republic.

Independence Day

This is celebrated every June 12 in Kawit as a re-enactment of the historic proclamation of Philippine independence at the mansion of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.

Economy

Agriculture

The province is predominantly an agriculture province. The province's economy is largely dependent on agriculture. Despite urbanization and industrialization, still, a significant number of inhabitants are engaged into agribusinesses. The data gathered from Office of the Provincial Agriculturist shows that though the province lies in the industrial belt, the agricultural land is about 49.38 percent or 70,466.53 hectares (174,126.6 acres) of the total land area of the Province. This is 1,176.5 hectares (2,907 acres) bigger than that of the declared agricultural lands in 2008 (69,290.03 hectares).[citation needed]

The municipality of Maragondon has the biggest area intended for agriculture, accounts for 14.57% of the total provincial agricultural lands while Cavite City has no longer available land for agriculture related activities and industries. If based on total agricultural lands, we may say that the major players in agriculture in the province are Maragondon, Silang, Indang, Naic and Alfonso. Of the eight districts in the province, the top three with the widest agricultural area are District VII comprising 43,587.01 hectares or 61.85 percent of the total agricultural areas with 27,115 farmers followed by District VI with 17.40 percent or 12,257.71 hectares (30,289.5 acres) having 8,701 farmers and District V comprising 10,248.55 hectares (25,324.7 acres) with 10,295 farmers. The municipality of Silang has the most farmers. The municipality of Maragondon only ranks 3rd in terms of number of farmers. This can be attributed to highly mechanized operations and vast plantations of rice. The same is true with General Trias and Naic, known as the rice producing municipalities in Cavite. The number of farmers increased by 6.5% that corresponds to around 3,097 farmers. The increase in the number of farmers was due to worldwide recession which led to work displacement of some inhabitants. Silang is dominated by pineapple and coffee plantations as well as with cutflower production.[67]

Industry and commerce

Cavite has twelve economic zones. The largest economic zone under development is located in Gen. Trias, the PEC Industrial Park with 177 hectares intended for garments, textiles, semiconductors, food processing and pharmaceuticals.[67]

Township Developments (Completed and Ongoing Projects)

  • Vista City / Villar Land (Vista Land) 2,500 hectares — Bacoor and Dasmariñas (shared with Las Piñas and Muntinlupa)
  • Lancaster New City (PRO-Friends Inc.) 2,100 hectares — Imus, Kawit, General Trias and Tanza
  • Aera (Ayala Land) 900 hectares — Carmona and Silang
  • Vermosa (Ayala Land) 770 hectares — Imus and Dasmariñas
  • Eagle Ridge Golf & Residential Estates (Sta. Lucia) 700 hectares — General Trias
  • Riverpark (Federal Land and SM Development Corp.) 700 hectares — General Trias
  • Southwoods City (Megaworld) 561 hectares — Carmona (shared with Biñan, Laguna)
  • Suntrust Ecotown (Megaworld) 350 hectares — Tanza
  • Arden Botanical Estate (Megaworld) 251 hectares — Trece Martires and Tanza
  • Evo City (Ayala Land) 250 hectares — Kawit
  • South Forbes City (Cathay Land) 250 hectares — Silang
  • Golden Horizon (HG-III Construction and Development Corp.) 250 hectares — Trece Martires
  • SM Smart City (SM Development Corp.) 200 hectares — Carmona
  • NOMO Garden City (Vista Land) 180 hectares — Bacoor
  • Antel Grand (Antel Holdings) 170 hectares — General Trias
  • Maple Grove (Megaworld) 140 hectares — General Trias
  • Stanza (Vista Land) 110 hectares — Tanza
  • Crosswinds (Vista Land) 100 hectares — Tagaytay
  • Mallorca City (Cathay Land) 100 hectares — Silang and Carmona
  • POGO City (PAGCOR) 70 hectares — Kawit
  • Idesia City (Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc. and P.A. Properties) 37 hectares — Dasmariñas
  • Crest Key Estates (Cathay Land) 19 hectares — Silang
  • Praverde Dasmariñas (Vista Land) 12 hectares — Dasmariñas

Tourism

 
Aguinaldo Shrine, the birthplace of Philippine Independence

Tagaytay serves as the main tourist center in the province.[citation needed] Historical attraction and sites are Fort San Felipe and Sangley Point, both in Cavite City; Corregidor Island; General Trias; Calero Bridge, Noveleta; Battle of Alapan Marker and Flag in Imus; Zapote Bridge in Bacoor; Battle of Binakayan Monument in Kawit; Tejeros Convention Site in Rosario; and Aguinaldo Shrine, the site of the declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit. Several old churches stand as glorious reminders of how the Catholic faith has blossomed in the Province of Cavite. Existing museums include Geronimo de los Reyes Museum, General Trias; Museo De La Salle, Dasmariñas; Philippine Navy Museum, Cavite City; Baldomero Aguinaldo Museum, Kawit; and Cavite City Library Museum, Cavite City. There are eight world-class golf courses in the province. Natural wonders are mostly found in the upland areas such as Tagaytay Ridge, Macabag Cave in Maragondon, Balite Falls in Amadeo, Malibiclibic Falls in General Aguinaldo-Magallanes border, Mts. Palay-Palay and Mataas na Gulod National Park in Ternate and Maragondon, Sitio Buhay Unclassified Forest in Magallanes and flowers, vegetables and coffee farms.

The Aguinaldo Shrine and Museum in Kawit is where the independence of the Philippines was proclaimed on June 12, 1898, by General Aguinaldo, the Philippines' first president. The multi-level structure includes a mezzanine and tower, and spans 14,000 square feet. Today, the ground floor serves as a museum, which houses historical artifacts. The tomb of Aguinaldo lies in a garden behind the house.

The Andrés Bonifacio House in General Trias is the former home of the country's revolutionary leader. The site of his court martial in Maragondon is also preserved. Other historical sites include the Battle of Alapan and Battle of Julian Bridge Markers, the House of Tirona, and Fort San Felipe.

The main churches of the province are the Imus Cathedral, San Roque Parish in Cavite City where the miraculous image of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga enshrined., Bacoor, Silang, Naic, Tanza, Ternate, Indang, General Trias, Kawit and Maragondon Catholic Churches. The Shrines of Our Lady of La Salette in Silang, and St. Anne, Tagaytay, also attract pilgrims.

 
Corregidor, the last bastion of Philippine-American defense forces

Corregidor is an island fortress where Filipino and American forces fought against the Japanese invaders in 1942. It has become a tourist attraction with tunnels, cannons and other war structures still well-preserved. The famous line of General Douglas MacArthur said is associated with Corregidor: "I shall return!"

There are first class hotels, inns and lodging houses to accommodate both foreign and local tourists. Conference facilities can be found in several convention centers, hotels and resorts in the province. Restaurants and specialty dining places offer mushroom dishes, native delicacies and exotic cuisines. Seafoods, fruits, coffee, organic vegetables, tinapa, handicrafts, ornamental plants also abound in the province.

 
The popular hiking destination at Cavite; Mount Pico De Loro and its monolith

Mountain climbing is also one of the outdoor activities in Cavite. This includes Mount Pico De Loro which is within the towns of Ternate and Maragondon (and some parts of it are already part of Batangas), which is a part of the Palay-Palay and Mataas na Gulod protected landscape. Mt. Pico De Loro is the highest part of Cavite at 664 meters above sea level and is noted for its 360-degree view at its summit and a cliff known as Parrot's Beak or Monolith that mountaineers would also like to climb.[68] Mt. Marami, within the same mountain range, located at Magallanes town is also a mountaineering location due to its "silyang bato" (en. Chair of rocks) at its summit.[69]

There are twenty-two accredited tourism establishments and three accredited tour guides. There are also tour packages being arranged with the Department of Tourism. Centuries old traditions and the very rich culture of Cavite have been the source of great pride to Caviteños.

Transportation

During the Spanish colonial period, Cavite hosted the principal port of Manila and served as the country's gateway to the world.[70][71]

In the mid-19th century, Cavite, particularly the Cavite Peninsula in the north, was a stop for ships from South America before free trade opened up.[11]

Roads

Cavite's total road network comprises roughly 1,973 kilometers (1,226 mi). Of these, the 407.7-kilometer (253.3 mi) national roads are mostly paved with concrete or asphalt and are relatively in good condition with some portions in need of rehabilitation. Provincial roads stretches to an approximate total length of 335.1 kilometers (208.2 mi). Most of these roads are concrete, some are paved with asphalt and the rest remain gravel roads. Majority of the municipal/city roads are paved with concrete, while barangay roads consist of 46.7% concrete and asphalt roads and 53.3% earth and gravel roads.

There are three main highways traversing the province: Aguinaldo Highway runs in a general north–south direction which includes the Tagaytay–Nasugbu Highway segment in the south; the Governor's Drive runs in a general east–west direction; the Antero Soriano Highway runs within the coastal towns on the northwest. The existing road length computed in terms of road density with respect to population at the standard of 2.4 kilometers (1.5 mi) per 1,000 population has a deficit of 3,532.71 kilometers (2,195.12 mi).

In 1985, the Cavite Expressway (CAVITEx) was opened, which lessened the heavy volume of vehicles on Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor. This project decreased the traffic congestion in Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor, so travel time from Imus to Baclaran/Pasay is lessened to only one hour.

In 2013, the Kaybiang Tunnel, the country's longest underground highway tunnel at 300 meters (980 ft) was opened along the Ternate–Nasugbu Road piercing through Mt. Pico De Loro's north ridge, and shortens the travel time from Manila to the western coves of Cavite and Nasugbu, Batangas.[72]

Last July 24, 2015, the Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway (MCX), a 4 km (2.5 mi) long access-controlled toll expressway linking the southern province of Cavite to Muntinlupa in the Philippines, was opened to the public. The road is expected to reduce travel time by an average of 45 minutes from Daang Hari to Alabang Interchange as well as decongest traffic in Cavite, Las Piñas and Muntinlupa.

Currently, Cavite province is served by three DPWH offices: Cavite 1st, Cavite 2nd and Cavite Sub District Engineering Offices.

Proposed/ongoing transportation projects

Sangley International Airport

The Department of Transportation had "no objection" to an offer building a 508-billion airport complex on reclaimed land in Sangley Point. The upcoming international airport was pursued as a joint venture between investors, including Chinese enterprises, and the Cavite LGU.[73]

Cavite–Laguna and Cavite–Tagaytay–Batangas Expressways

The Cavite–Laguna Expressway (CALAEx) is an under-construction expressway that will cross the provinces of Cavite and Laguna in the Philippines. The construction of the four-lane 47-kilometer (29 mi) long expressway will connect CAVITEx in Kawit to SLEx – Interchange. When constructed, it is expected to ease the traffic in the Cavite–Laguna region, particularly in Aguinaldo Highway, Santa Rosa–Tagaytay Road and Governor's Drive.

Cavite–Tagaytay–Batangas Expressway is also a proposed expressway connects with CALAEx from Silang, Cavite to Nasugbu, Batangas. CTBEx is a future alternative route for tourists going to Tagaytay and Nasugbu.

LRT Line 1 South Extension Project

The LRT Line 1 South Extension Project or Cavite Extension Project through southern Metro Manila to the Province of Cavite has been identified as an integral link of the Rail Transit Network by Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS). It is one of the priority projects of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and LRTA. It is also a flagship project of the Office of the President.

The project aims to expand the existing LRT Line 1 service southward to the cities of Parañaque, Las Piñas and the city of Bacoor in the Cavite Province. The 11.7 km (7.3 mi) route of the light railway system that will start from Baclaran to Niog was planned to carry a capacity of 40,000 passengers per direction per hour. The extension will have 48 air-conditioned coaches, 12-four car trains, 8 passenger stations and a satellite depot in Cavite. The groundbreaking of LRT Line 1 South Extension Project was held on Thursday, May 4, 2017. The actual construction officially started on Tuesday, May 7, 2019, because the Right-of-way is "free and clear" from obstructions. Once it is fully operational, Cavite will be served by the LRT-1 (via Niog station). The extension is slated for partial operations by late 2024 or early 2025 and full operations by second quarter of 2027. This is the second project outside Metro Manila after the planned MRT-7 that starts from North Avenue, Quezon City and it will end in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. The said project will serve approximately 1.9 million commuters based in Pasay, Paranaque, Las Piñas and Bacoor.

LRT Line 6 Project

The proposed LRT Line 6 project would further extend the LRT system by another 19 kilometers all the way to Dasmariñas from the proposed end in Niog in Bacoor, Cavite.

The mass transit system would pass along the Aguinaldo Highway and would have stations in Niog, Tirona station, Imus station, Daang Hari station, Salitran station, Congressional Avenue station, and Governor's Drive station. The project will improve passenger mobility and reduce the volume of vehicular traffic in the Cavite area by providing a higher capacity mass transit system. It also aims to spur economic development along the extension corridor.

Ferry services

There is one ferry service: Metrostar Ferry, from Cavite City to SM Mall of Asia in Pasay.

Government

Governor

Vice Governor

Board members

District Member (party) Member (party)
1st Davey Christian R. Chua
(Lakas-CMD)
Romel R. Enriquez
(NUP)
2nd Ram Revilla Bautista
(Lakas-CMD)
Edwin E. Malvar
(Lakas-CMD)
3rd Arnel Cantimbuhan
(NUP)
Shernan Jaro
(NUP)
4th Fulgencio C. dela Cuesta Jr.
(NUP)
Nickol Austria
(NUP)
5th Macoy Amutan
(Nacionalista)
Aidel Paul Belamide
(Independent)
6th Morit Sison
(NUP)
Kerby J. Salazar
(NUP)
7th Angelito H. Langit
(Nacionalista)
Crispin Diego D. Remulla
(Nacionalista)
8th Reyniel A. Ambion
(PDP–Laban)
Virgilio P. Varias
(PDP–Laban)

Ex-officio members

Position Member (party)
Provincial Councilor League Francisco A. Barzaga (Dasmariñas)
(NUP)
Liga ng mga Barangay Francisco Paolo P. Crisostomo (Silang)
SK Provincial Federation Neil Frederick B. Magallanes (Maragondon)

House of Representatives

Notable people

National heroes and patriots

Science and education

Literature and the arts

Religion

Politics and government

Philanthropy

Entertainment

Sports

Others

Notes

  1. ^ Although Imus is the officially-designated capital and seat of government by P.D. 1163, the provincial government functions and remains in Trece Martires.
  2. ^ Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈkäbite̞], [käˈbiːte̞] or [käˈbitɛː]

References

  1. ^ Tejero, Constantino C. (August 16, 2015). "Cavite and what they're selling there". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 18, 2016. Caviteños take pride in claiming an assortment of titles for their province: Historical Capital of the Philippines, Home of the Brave, Heartland of the Philippine Revolution, Cradle of Noble Heroes.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Brief History of Cavite" July 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite. Retrieved on June 25, 2013.
  3. ^ a b Census of the Philippine Islands (1920). "Census of the Philippine Islands Vol. I, 1918", pg. 132. Bureau of Printing, Manila.
  4. ^ "Official Provincial 2013 Election Results". Intramuros, Manila, Philippines: Commission on Elections (COMELEC). September 11, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  5. ^ . PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  6. ^ "Quick Facts" July 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Cavite Official Website. Retrieved on June 30, 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d Census of Population (2020). . PSA. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  8. ^ History of Cavite: the mother ground of the Philippine Revolution, independence, flag, and national anthem by: Alfredo B Saulo; Esteban A De Ocampo; Cavite Historical Society. p. 22
  9. ^ Vignettes of Philippine History by Teodoro Agoncillo p.41 ISBN 978-9718851074
  10. ^ a b Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite – Cavite City March 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ a b Roberts, Edmund (1837). Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 59.
  12. ^ a b c d Fish, Shirley (2011). The Manila-Acapulco Galleons: The Treasure Ships of the Pacific. AuthorHouse. p. 65,69,128–132,274. ISBN 9781456775421.
  13. ^ Galaup "Travel Accounts" page 375.
  14. ^ "Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World" By Eva Maria Mehl, page 235.
  15. ^ (Page 10) Pérez, Marilola (2015). (PDF) (PhD). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. The galleon activities also attracted a great number of Mexican men that arrived from the Mexican Pacific coast as ships’ crewmembers (Grant 2009: 230). Mexicans were administrators, priests and soldiers (guachinangos or hombres de pueblo) (Bernal 1964: 188) many though, integrated into the peasant society, even becoming tulisanes ‘bandits’ who in the late 18th century "infested" Cavite and led peasant revolts (Medina 2002: 66). Meanwhile, in the Spanish garrisons, Spanish was used among administrators and priests. Nonetheless, there is not enough historical information on the social role of these men. In fact some of the few references point to a quick integration into the local society: "los hombres del pueblo, los soldados y marinos, anónimos, olvidados, absorbidos en su totalidad por la población Filipina." (Bernal 1964: 188). In addition to the Manila-Acapulco galleon, a complex commercial maritime system circulated European and Asian commodities including slaves. During the 17th century, Portuguese vessels traded with the ports of Manila and Cavite, even after the prohibition of 1644 (Seijas 2008: 21). Crucially, the commercial activities included the smuggling and trade of slaves: "from the Moluccas, and Malacca, and India… with the monsoon winds" carrying "clove spice, cinnamon, and pepper and black slaves, and Kafir [slaves]" (Antonio de Morga cf Seijas 2008: 21)." Though there is no data on the numbers of slaves in Cavite, the numbers in Manila suggest a significant fraction of the population had been brought in as slaves by the Portuguese vessels. By 1621, slaves in Manila numbered 1,970 out of a population of 6,110. This influx of slaves continued until late in the 17th century; according to contemporary cargo records in 1690, 200 slaves departed from Malacca to Manila (Seijas 2008: 21). Different ethnicities were favored for different labor; Africans were brought to work on the agricultural production, and skilled slaves from India served as caulkers and carpenters.
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External links

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
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  •   Geographic data related to Cavite at OpenStreetMap
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cavite" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 582.
  • Official website  

cavite, this, article, about, philippine, province, city, city, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged,. This article is about the Philippine province For the city see Cavite City For other uses see Cavite disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cavite news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cavite officially the Province of Cavite Tagalog Lalawigan ng Kabite b Chavacano Provincia de Cavite is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila it is one of the most industrialized and fastest growing provinces in the Philippines As of 2020 it has a population of 4 344 829 making it the most populated province in the country if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu s population figure CaviteProvinceProvince of CaviteClockwise from the top Aguinaldo Shrine monolith of Mount Pico de Loro Tagaytay Corregidor Island monument of the Thirteen Martyrs of CaviteFlagSealNickname Historical Capital of the Philippines 1 Motto s Dangal at Pag ibig sa Bayan Honor and Love for Country Anthem Himno ng Kabite Cavite Hymn source source track track Location in the PhilippinesOpenStreetMapCoordinates 14 16 N 120 52 E 14 27 N 120 87 E 14 27 120 87 Coordinates 14 16 N 120 52 E 14 27 N 120 87 E 14 27 120 87CountryPhilippinesRegionCalabarzonEstablished1614 2 3 CapitalImus de jure Trece Martires a de facto Largest cityDasmarinasGovernment 4 TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan GovernorJonvic Remulla NUP Vice GovernorAthena Bryana Tolentino NUP LegislatureCavite Provincial BoardArea 5 6 Total1 574 17 km2 607 79 sq mi Land1 426 06 km2 550 60 sq mi Rank67th out of 81Highest elevation Pico de Loro 688 m 2 257 ft Population 2020 census 7 Total4 344 829 Rank1st out of 81 Density2 800 km2 7 100 sq mi Rank2nd out of 81Demonym s Caviteno masculine or neutral Cavitena feminine Divisions Independent cities0 Component cities7 BacoorCavite CityDasmarinasGeneral TriasImusTagaytayTrece Martires Municipalities16 AlfonsoAmadeoCarmonaGeneral Emilio AguinaldoGeneral Mariano AlvarezIndangKawitMagallanesMaragondonMendezNaicNoveletaRosarioSilangTanzaTernate Barangays829 DistrictsLegislative districts of CaviteDemographics Ethnic groupsTagalog 85 Others 8 Bisaya 5 Bicolano 3 Native languagesTagalogChavacano Languages Major language FilipinoEnglishChavacano Minor language BicolanoCebuanoIlocanoHiligaynonWarayTime zoneUTC 8 PHT IDD area code 63 0 46ISO 3166 codePH CAVMajor religionsRoman Catholicism Aglipayan Church Protestantism Eastern Orthodoxy Buddhism Hinduism IslamEcclesiastical dioceseDiocese of Imus Roman Catholic Diocese of Cavite Aglipayan Church Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam Eastern Orthodoxy Patron saintOur Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga 8 9 Websitewww wbr cavite wbr gov wbr phThe de facto capital and seat of the government of the province is Trece Martires although Imus is the official de jure capital while the City of Dasmarinas is the largest city in the province For over 300 years the province played an important role in both the country s colonial past and eventual fight for independence earning it the title Historical Capital of the Philippines It became the cradle of the Philippine Revolution which led to the renouncement of Spanish colonial control finally culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12 1898 in Kawit The old provincial capital Cavite City also hosted docks for the Manila galleon becoming an essential part of commerce between Asia and Latin America Originally an agricultural province its northern cities of Bacoor Imus and Dasmarinas with a combined population of 1 864 560 at the 2020 Census are now suburbs of Manila due to increasing urbanization in the late 1900s This province forms part of the Greater Manila Area Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Pre Hispanic period 2 2 Spanish colonial period 2 3 World War II Japanese occupation and liberation 2 4 Postwar era 2 5 During the Marcos dictatorship 2 6 Contemporary history 3 Geography 3 1 Topography and slope 3 2 Islands 3 3 Geology 3 4 Land resources and distribution 3 4 1 Forest lands 3 4 2 Alienable and disposable lands 3 4 3 Production land use 3 4 4 Built up areas 3 5 Water resources 3 5 1 Major rivers 3 5 2 Springs 3 5 3 Waterfalls 3 6 Soil properties 3 7 Mineral resources and reserves 3 8 Administrative divisions 3 9 Climate 4 Demographics 4 1 Religion 4 1 1 Christianity 4 1 2 Islam 4 1 3 Other faiths 4 2 Languages 4 2 1 Chavacano in Cavite 5 Culture 5 1 Festivals 5 2 Special events 6 Economy 6 1 Agriculture 6 2 Industry and commerce 6 2 1 Township Developments Completed and Ongoing Projects 7 Tourism 8 Transportation 8 1 Roads 8 2 Proposed ongoing transportation projects 8 2 1 Sangley International Airport 8 2 2 Cavite Laguna and Cavite Tagaytay Batangas Expressways 8 2 3 LRT Line 1 South Extension Project 8 2 4 LRT Line 6 Project 8 3 Ferry services 9 Government 9 1 Governor 9 2 Vice Governor 9 3 Board members 9 4 Ex officio members 9 5 House of Representatives 10 Notable people 10 1 National heroes and patriots 10 2 Science and education 10 3 Literature and the arts 10 4 Religion 10 5 Politics and government 10 6 Philanthropy 10 7 Entertainment 10 8 Sports 10 9 Others 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksEtymology EditThe name Cavite comes from the Hispanicized form of kawit or it may be a corruption of kalawit Tagalog words for hook in reference to the small hook shaped peninsula jutting out to Manila Bay 10 The name originally applied to the peninsula Cavite La Punta now Cavite City and the adjacent lowland coastal area of Cavite Viejo now Kawit Another theory proposes that the name is a Hispanicized form of kabit Tagalog for joined connected or attached referring to the peninsula s topographical relation to the mainland 10 Edmund Roberts in his 1821 memoir stated that the natives called it Caveit due to the crooked point of land extending into the sea 11 History EditPre Hispanic period Edit The present Cavite City was once a mooring place for Chinese junks that came to trade with the settlements around Manila Bay The land was formerly known as Tangway Archeological evidence in coastal areas shows prehistorical settlements According to local folklore the earliest settlers of Cavite came from China or Vietnam Spanish colonial period Edit The Spanish colonizers who arrived in the late 16th century saw the unusual tongue of land jutting out on Manila Bay and saw its deep waters as the main staging ground where they could launch their bulky galleons It would later become the most important port linking the colony to the outside world through the Manila Acapulco Galleon trade In 1571 Spanish colonizers established the port and City of Cavite and fortified the settlement as a first line of defense for the city of Manila Galleons were built and fitted at the port and many Chinese merchants settled in the communities of Bacoor and Kawit opposite the Spanish city to trade silks porcelain and other oriental goods 12 A defensive curtained wall was constructed the length of Cavite s western side beginning from the entrance La Estanzuela and continuing to the end of the peninsula Punta de Rivera with the eastern shore unprotected by a wall Cavite contained government offices churches mission buildings Spanish homes Fort San Felipe and the Rivera de Cavite shipyard Docks were in place to construct galleons and galleys but without a dry dock ships were repaired by careening along the beach 12 Fort San Felipe La Fuerza de San Felipe was built between 1609 and 1616 This quadrilateral structure of curtained walls with bastions at the corners contained 20 cannons facing the seashore Three infantry companies 180 men each plus 220 Pampangan infantry garrisoned the fort 12 142 143 The galleons Espiritu Santo and San Miguel plus six galleys were constructed between 1606 and 1616 From 1729 to 1739 the main purpose of the Cavite shipyard was the construction and outfitting of the galleons for the Manila to Acapulco trade run 12 The vibrant mix of traders Spanish seamen from Spain and its Latin American colonies 13 14 as well as local residents gave rise to the use of pidgin Spanish called Chabacano A great number of Mexican men had settled at Cavite spread throughout Luzon and had integrated with the local Philippine population Some of these Mexicans became Tulisanes Bandits that led peasant revolts against Spain 15 Mexicans weren t the only Latin Americans in Cavite as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans one such was the Puerto Rican Alonso Ramirez who became a sailor in Cavite and published the first Latin American novel called Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez 16 In 1614 the politico military jurisdiction of Cavite was established As with many other provinces organized during the Spanish colonial era Cavite City the name of the capital was applied to the whole province Cavite The province covered all the present territory except for the town of Maragondon which used to belong to the Corregimiento of Mariveles Maragondon was ceded to Cavite in 1754 when Bataan province was created from Pampanga province 17 Within Maragondon is a settlement established in 1660 by Christian Papuan exiles brought in by the Jesuits from Ternate in the Maluku Islands and named this land Ternate after their former homeland 2 3 Owing to its military importance Cavite had been attacked by foreigners in their quest to conquer Manila and the Philippines The Dutch made a surprise attack on the city in 1647 pounding the port incessantly but were repulsed In 1672 the British occupied the port during their two year control in the Philippines 2 In the 17th century encomiendas Spanish Royal land grants were given in Cavite and Maragondon to Spanish conquistadores and their families The religious orders began acquiring these lands with some donated enlarging vast haciendas estates in Cavite during the 18th and 19th centuries enriching themselves These haciendas became the source of bitter conflicts between the friar orders and Filipino farmers and pushed a number of Cavitenos to live as outlaws This opposition to the friar orders was an important factor that drove many Cavite residents to support reform and later independence 2 In 1872 Filipinos launched their revolt against Spain Three Filipino priests Jose Burgos Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora were implicated in the Cavite mutiny when 200 Filipinos staged a rebellion within Spanish garrisons On August 28 1896 when the revolution against Spain broke out Cavite became a bloody theater of war Led by Emilio Aguinaldo Cavitenos made lightning raids on Spanish headquarters and soon liberated the entire province through the Battle of Alapan Aguinaldo commanded the Revolution to its successful end the proclamation of the First Republic of the Philippines on June 12 1898 in Kawit A marker affixed to the Cavite cannon in Winnetka Illinois USA that reads This gun was mounted on the defences of Cavite arsenal which was surrendered to Commodore George Dewey During the Spanish American War American forces attacked the Spanish squadron in Cavite The Spanish defeat marked the end of Spanish rule in the country 2 A captured Spanish cannon from the Cavite arsenal now sits in Village Green Park in Winnetka Illinois United States of America 18 World War II Japanese occupation and liberation Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message In May 1942 after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor Island the Japanese Imperial forces occupied Cavite and made garrisons in each town of the province After surviving the Bataan Death March and released from Capas Tarlac concentration camp United States Army Forces in the Far East USAFFE Col Mariano Castaneda returned to Cavite and secretly organized the guerilla forces in the province The Japanese authorities pressured him to accept the position as Provincial Governor of Cavite he refused many times over until his excuses did not work much against his will he was forced to accept the position by the Japanese and by thinking that it would be beneficial to further organize the resistance movement as Governor by day and a guerilla commander by night Eventually the Japanese discovered his guerilla connection and raided his house in the attempt to capture him but he escaped along with Col Lamberto Javalera by swimming the Imus river up to Salinas Bacoor and finally joined his comrades in the field in Neneng the General Headquarters of the Fil American Cavite Guerilla Forces FACGF located in Dasmarinas At this time due to his organizational skills the FACGF raised a regiment in each of the administrative units and also created attached special battalions Overall 3 special battalions 1 medical battalion 1 signal company 1 hospital unit Division GHQ and Staff were raised to provide administrative and combat support Later on the FACGF with a peak of 14 371 Enlisted Men and 1 245 officers grew into a formidable force to take on the omnipresent rule of the Japanese in the province At its peak the force contained 14 infantry regiments 1st Infantry Regiment Imus Col Lorenzo Saulog 2nd Infantry Regiment Bacoor Col Francisco Guererro 3rd Infantry Regiment Silang Col Dominador Kiamson 4th Infantry Regiment Dasmarinas Col Estanislao Mangubat Carungcong 5th Infantry Regiment Barangay Anabu Imus Col Raymundo Paredes 6th Infantry Regiment Cavite City Col Amado Soriano 7th Infantry Regiment Alfonso Col Angeles Hernais 8th Infantry Regiment Naic Col Emilio Arenas 9th Infantry Regiment Mendez Col Maximo Rodrigo 10th Infantry Regiment Kawit Col Hugo Vidal 11th Infantry Regiment Imus Col Maximo Reyes 12th Infantry Regiment Amadeo Col Daniel Mediran 13th Infantry Regiment Rosario Col Ambrosio Salud 14th Infantry Regiment Brgy Paliparan Dasmarinas Col Emiliano De La Cruz On January 31 1945 the liberation of the province of Cavite started with the combined forces of the American 11th Airborne Division under General Swing and Col Hildebrand and the valiant Caviteno guerilleros of the Fil American Cavite Guerilla Forces which liberated the province of Cavite from the Japanese occupiers and protected at all costs the National Highway 17 from Tagaytay to Las Pinas that serve as the vital supply route of the 11th Airborne Division paving the way towards the road to the bitter but victorious Battle of Manila Postwar era Edit The economic growth of the country began to creep its way to the province following the end of the Second World War and the restoration of independence Given its proximity to Manila the province soon began to feel a transformation into an economic provider of food and industrial goods not just for Metro Manila but for the whole of the country citation needed In 1954 Trece Martires City was created out as a planned capital city from portions of Tanza Indang Naic and General Trias Despite the transfer of capital status to Imus in 1979 it retains many offices of the provincial government acting thus as the de facto capital of the province Also Tagaytay s high location and cool temperatures would enable it to become a secondary summer capital and a vacation spot especially during the Christmas season given its proximity to the Manila area citation needed The economy of Cavite remained largely agricultural during the decades after the war from the 1940s to the 1980s with attempts to create industrial estates in the early 1970s largely falling flat in light of the Crony Capitalism and economic crises of the late 1970s and early 1980s 19 During the Marcos dictatorship Edit Main article Marcos dictatorship The Philippines gradual postwar recovery took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being one of the early landmark events 20 Economic analysts generally attribute this to the ramp up on loan funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos 1969 reelection campaign 20 21 22 although Marcos blamed the 1968 formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines as the reason for the social unrest of the period 23 43 24 25 There were clashes between government and communist protesters in the rural areas and the western highlands of Cavite citation needed Another conflict faced by the Philippines throughout the last part of the 20th century had some of its roots in Cavite the moro conflict which was largely sparked by outrage in the wake of exposes about the Jabidah Massacre The exposes told the story of how a group of moro men were recruited by the military for Operation Merdeka Marcos secret plan to invade Sabah and reclaim it from Malaysia and trained them on the island of Corregidor which is administered by Cavite province When for various reasons the recruits decided that they no longer wanted to follow their officers orders their officers allegedly shot all the recruits to death with only one survivor managing to live by feigning death The exposes angered the Philippines Muslim minority enough to trigger the Moro conflict eventually leading to the creation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao BARMM 26 27 In 1972 one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973 Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines Martial Law 28 This allowed Marcos to remain in power for fourteen more years during which Cavite went through many social and economic ups and downs 28 The human rights abuses crony capitalism propagandistic construction projects and personal expensive lifestyles of the Marcos Family 28 prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture 29 Among the prominent Caviteno oppositionists were Armed Forces Colonel Bonifacio Gillego who spoke out against human rights abuses by the military and later exposed the fact that Ferdinand Marcos had faked most of his military medals 30 Another was Roman Catholic Priest Fr Joe Dizon who led led protest actions against government corruption and human rights abuses during martial law in the Philippines political dynasties and the pork barrel system and brought social issues to the attention of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines 31 Both Gillego and Dizon are honored at the Philippines Bantayog ng mga Bayani which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought authoritarian rule under Marcos 32 Other Cavitenos honored there include Philippine Navy Captain Danilo Vizmanos musician Benjie Torralba activists Modesto Bong Sison Florencio Pesquesa and Artemio Celestial Jr and Nemesio Prudente who would later become president of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines 32 Presidential Decree No 1 of 1972 grouped the Provinces of the Philippines into administrative regions and Cavite was organized into Region IV The Luzon mainland provinces of this region Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal and Quezon were prioritized for industrialization and large amounts of agricultural land in Cavite were acquired for conversion into industrial estates throughout the 1970s and early 1980s 19 However these government owned or corporate owned estates were unsuccessful at first and many of them became unused lands well into the Philippine economic collapse of the early 1980s 19 Old Cavite residents who were primarily engaged in agriculture were displaced and left the province replaced by a rising number of residents from the capital region 19 Rosario was the first Cavite town to have several large industrial projects including a refinery set up by FilOil Refinery Corporation 19 An influx of new residents into the north and west parts of Carmona led to the separation of these portions into a new town General Mariano Alvarez in 1981 The migration had begun in 1968 when the Carmona Resettlement Project was established under the People s Homesite and Housing Corporation PHHC an effort to resettle illegal settlers from around the Quezon Memorial Park area in Quezon City A site in Carmona was selected and by the mid 1970s the resettlement area soon attracted poor and middle class migrants alike from Quezon City Manila Makati and Paranaque Their clamor to have a municipality of their own resulted in the creation of General Mariano Alvarez 33 Bacoor given its proximity to Metro Manila saw the building of the first residential villages during this time providing accommodation the rising number of workers from the nearby capital citation needed One geographical feature of Cavite Mount Sungay was significantly altered in 1979 when First Lady Imelda Marcos ordered the construction of the Palace in the Sky a mansion originally intended as a guesthouse for former California Governor Ronald Reagan who never arrived This drastically reduced the height of the mountain which had once been a landmark that helped guide sailors into Manila bay The mansion remained unfinished after the People Power Revolution in 1986 that toppled the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos The new government renamed it the People s Park in the Sky to show the excesses of the ousted regime 34 Contemporary history Edit In 2002 Region IV was split into two parts Region IV A known as Calabarzon and Region IV B known as Mimaropa 35 Cavite was made part of Region IV A which is also known as the known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland 36 Geography Edit Detailed topographic map of Cavite Cavite is surrounded by Laguna province to the east Metro Manila to the northeast and Batangas province to the south To the west lies the South China Sea 37 It is located within the Greater Manila Area not to be confused with adjacent Metro Manila the defined capital region citation needed Cavite is the second smallest province the Province of Rizal being the smallest in the Calabarzon region Cavite occupies a land area of 1 427 06 square kilometres 550 99 sq mi which is approximately 8 72 percent of Calabarzon s total land area 2 74 percent of the regional area and 0 48 per cent of the total land area of the Philippines The municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas comprising 165 49 square kilometres 63 90 sq mi and 156 41 square kilometres 60 39 sq mi respectively while the municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5 41 square kilometres 2 09 sq mi or 0 38 percent of the provincial total and area 38 Topography and slope Edit Topographic map of Cavite on 1 arc second 30 meter resolution Situated at the entrance of Manila Bay Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctuated by hills shoreline fronting Manila Bay at sea level and rugged portion at the boundary with Batangas where the Dos Picos mountains are located The province has two mountain ranges Cavite is divided into four physiographical areas namely the lowest lowland area lowland area the central hilly area and the upland mountainous area 39 The lowest lowland area is the coastal plain in particular These areas have extremely low ground level of 0 to 2 metres 0 0 to 6 6 ft elevation compared to the high tide level of about 0 8 meters 2 ft 7 in from the mean sea level msl These are the cities of Cavite Bacoor and the municipalities of Kawit Noveleta Rosario northern part of Carmona and eastern part of Ternate The lowland area consists of the coastal and alluvial plains These areas have flat ground slope of less than 0 5 and low ground elevation of 2 to 30 metres 6 ft 7 in to 98 ft 5 in The alluvial plain can be found in the city of Imus and southern part of General Trias Into these municipalities forms the transition area between the coastal plain and the central hilly area It also covers some areas of Bacoor Carmona Kawit Noveleta Rosario and Tanza The third topography type is the central hilly area generally found on the mountain foot slope It forms the rolling tuffaceous plateau This topography includes steep hills ridges and elevated inland valley The plateau is characterized with ground elevation ranging from 30 meters 98 ft to nearly 400 meters 1 300 ft Its ground slope ranges from 0 5 to 2 The cities of Trece Martires and Dasmarinas and the municipalities of General Emilio Aguinaldo General Mariano Alvarez western part of Ternate northern parts of Amadeo Indang Silang Magallanes and Maragondon have this kind of topography The last topography type is upland mountainous area found in the city of Tagaytay and the municipalities of Alfonso Mendez southern parts of Amadeo Indang Silang Magallanes and Maragondon They are situated at a very high elevation above 400 meters 1 300 ft with slopes of more than 2 38 The Tagaytay ridge has an average elevation of 610 metres 2 000 ft with Mount Sungay at 14 8 31 71 N 121 1 19 02 E 14 1421417 N 121 0219500 E 14 1421417 121 0219500 Mount Sungay the highest elevation in the province at 716 metres 2 349 ft 40 The mountain was much higher before with an elevation of 752 meters 2 467 ft 41 topped by rock formations that resembled horns Sungay in Tagalog hence the name The prominence of the mountain was leveled in half during the construction of People s Park in the Sky during the Marcos administration Islands Edit Balot Island located at the mouth of Ternate River 42 Caballo Island Corregidor El Fraile Island Carabao Island La Monja Island located west of Corregidor Limbones Island located off Maragondon coast near Batangas border Pulo ni Burunggoy now Island Cove Resort formerly Covelandia located in Bacoor Bay 43 Santa Amalia Island located Northwest of Corregidor 44 Geology Edit The Mines and Geosciences Bureau s MGB geologic map of Cavite in 1987 45 reveals that Taal Tuff underlies the majority of the province all of Cavite except for Imus City Bacoor City Rosario Noveleta Kawit and Cavite City as well as portions of Naic Carmona General Mariano Alvarez General Emilio Aguinaldo Maragondon Magallanes Ternate Tanza General Trias City and Dasmarinas City The Taal Tuff consists of fine to medium grained basaltic tuffs and minor flows including volcanic breccia and cinders According to Corby and others 1951 Taal Tuff is composed of thinly laminated white ash and stringers thin discontinuous rock layers of black cinders No coarse agglomerates and breccia tuffs resembling the Guadalupe Tuff now referred to as the Diliman Tuff part of the Guadalupe Formation were seen It extends across Batangas Cavite and Laguna and has a maximum thickness of more than 400 meters Teves 1954 46 A newly designated stratigraphic unit the Mataas na Gulod Volcanic Complex MGB 2004 resembles the Taal Tuff and its distribution region in Cavite and Batangas Basalt andesite breccia pyroclastic rocks and lahar make up its lithology Pena 2008 Currently there seems to be no information on when Taal Tuff will be updated Diliman Tuff underlies almost half of Tanza and General Trias City a part of Naic and Dasmarinas City and the whole of Bacoor City and Imus City Alat Conglomerate is the lowest member of the Guadalupe Formation whereas Diliman Tuff is the upper member Flat lying and moderately to thinly bedded the Diliman Tuff is composed of fine grained vitric tuff welded pyroclastic breccia and minor fine to medium grained tuffaceous sandstone The matrix of the glassy tuff contains minute quantities of black mafic minerals pumiceous and scoriaceous materials Most mountain ridges in Ternate and Maragondon are composed of Lobo Agglomerate whereas Magallanes has just a few minor areas Massive agglomerates and volcanic breccia composed of well cemented andesite and dacite clasts set in a fine matrix of the same composition with modest interbedded and intercalated lapilli tuffs define this rock type It is identical to the Sampiro Agglomerates of dela Cruz and Abadilla 1958 as well as the conglomerate of Cruz and Mantaring 1969 MGB 1987 The Lobo Agglomerate is now considered a part of the Pinamucan Formation It is situated on the top horizon of the Pinamucan Formation Avila 1980 The Pinamucan Formation is an interbedded series of conglomerate sandstone fine grained tuffaceous clastics tuff and shale that may be found in Batangas along the upper Pinamucan upper Calumpit and middle Lobo rivers The conglomerate is slightly indurated and composed of well sorted pebbles of andesite diorite and metasediments embedded in a sandy tuffaceous matrix MGB 1987 Pea 2008 This formation appears as a single patch across the border between Maragondon and Magallanes In some mountain areas of Maragondon and Magallanes the Talahib Andesite is observed It consists mainly of andesite flows interbedded with thin layers of pyroclastic and bedded tuff MGB 1987 In addition the andesite is vesicular amygdaloidal flow banded and displays indications of propylitization epidote and chlorite were seen Also discovered were silicification and pyritization although only locally along shear zones The Talahib Andesite Avila 1980 is equivalent to the Nasugbu Volcanic Complex Malicdem and others 1963 the Batangas Extrusives and Pyroclastics Malicdem and others 1963 the Batangas Volcanics Corby and others 1951 and the Banoy Volcanics Wolfe and others 1980 47 Quaternary Alluvium was abundant in the coastal areas alluvial plains and a large portion of the low lying areas of Ternate Maragondon Carmona General Mariano Alvarez Naic Tanza Rosario Noveleta Kawit Cavite City Imus City General Trias City and Bacoor City It consists of coastal and river deposits of unconsolidated sediments including sand and gravel Land resources and distribution Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cavite s land resources are categorized into two forest lands and alienable and disposable lands Forest lands are being maintained as they play a great role in the ecological balance of the province aside from the fact that they are home to numerous flora and fauna that needs to be protected and preserved Correspondingly the alienable and disposable lands are the built up areas as well as production areas These lands are intended for urban economic and demographic developments Forest lands Edit Cavite province lies in the western monsoon forest zone This location is very beneficial for the formation of tropical rainforests which are characteristically made through natural vegetation In 2007 the existing forest area within the province totaled only to 8 625 hectares 21 310 acres These forest areas were categorized as Protected Landscape under the National Integrated Protected Area System NIPAS and the rest unclassified forest Non NIPAS A total of 4 000 hectares 9 900 acres are located within the Mounts Palay Palay Mataas na Gulod Protected Landscape a protected area in Ternate and Maragondon created by Proclamation Number 1594 on October 26 1976 The park lies at the border of Cavite and Batangas and encompasses three peaks Palay Palay Pico de Loro and Mataas na Gulod The five unclassified forests are found along Tagaytay Ridge Maragondon Magallanes Ternate and Alfonso The other mountain peaks in the province are Mt Buntis Mt Nagpatong Mt Hulog and Mt Gonzales Mt Sungay Cavite s forest provides an abundance of different forest products Bamboo a member of the grass family is one of the most available forest products found in the municipalities of Ternate Magallanes Maragondon and General Aguinaldo throughout the year Alienable and disposable lands Edit These lands are being used in various ways either for agriculture residences open areas etc Based on the Cavite Provincial Physical Framework Plan 2005 2010 Cavite s alienable and disposable lands are further classified into production lands and built up areas Production lands in Cavite are intended for agriculture fishery and mining On the other hand built up areas are mainly for residential areas commercial industrial and tourism areas Production land use Edit Majority of production land use is for agriculture Considering that 50 33 of the total provincial land area is engaged in agriculture it can be generalized that in spite of rapid urbanization in the province Cavite remains to have an agricultural economy that makes food security attainable Some of the major crops being produced in the province are rice corn coffee coconuts cut flowers and vegetables Included in the agricultural land use are livestock farms that range from piggery poultry goat and cattle farms The climatic suitability of Cavite makes the province ideal for integrated farming having crops and livestock raising in one farm Fishery is also another major component of the agricultural sector Having rich marine resources and long coastlines the province is home to numerous fishery activities providing livelihood to many Cavitenos In some lowland and even upland areas fishery in the form of fish ponds are also producing a large amount of fish products Some areas in Cavite are also engaged in fish processing and production of fish products like fish sauce Mining is the third component of production land use in the province As of 2009 there are 15 mining and quarrying areas operating in Cavite Extraction includes filling materials gravel and sand Built up areas Edit The built up areas are mainly composed of residential and industrial sites This also includes commercial and business areas where commerce is transpiring According to the 2007 Census of Population and Housing by the Philippine Statistics Authority there are 611 450 occupied housing units in Cavite Moreover according to the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board there are around 1 224 housing subdivisions with issued license to sell in the province until 2009 which occupies an area of 9 471 hectares Meanwhile the industrial sector also develops rapidly in the province For 2009 operational industrial estates cover around 2 939 hectares 7 260 acres Tourism establishments are also considered built up areas such as golf courses leisure farms resorts and the likes 38 Water resources Edit The hydrological network of the province is composed of seven major rivers and its tributaries These river systems generally flows from the highlands of Tagaytay and Maragondon to Manila Bay Numerous springs waterfalls and rivers found in the upland areas of the province have been developed for tourism In the lowland areas hundreds of artesian wells and deep wells provide water supply for both residential and irrigation purposes Cavite shoreline stretches about 123 kilometres 76 mi The communities located along the coast are Cavite City Bacoor Kawit Noveleta Rosario Tanza Naic Maragondon and Ternate The richness of Cavite s coastal resources is a major producer of oysters and mussels The fishing industry also produces shrimp and bangus milkfish The western coastline are lined with pale gray sand beaches popular with tourists Thus fishery and tourism contribute to the economic activity of the province 48 Major rivers Edit These rivers are known to have various tributaries passing through the municipalities of the province Bacoor RiverCanas RiverImus RiverLabac RiverMaragondon RiverSan Juan River or Rio Grande Grande River Ylang Ylang River Springs Edit Balite Spring Amadeo Saluysoy Spring Alfonso Matang Tubig Spring Silang Cavite Malakas Spring General Aguinaldo Ulo Spring Mendez Bucal ni Tata Enteng Spring Indang Waterfalls Edit Palsajingin Falls Indang Balite Falls Amadeo Malibiclibic Falls Gen Aguinaldo Talon Butas Falls Gen Aguinaldo Saluysoy Falls Alfonso Tala River Gen Aguinaldo Utod Falls Magallanes Mayang Falls Trece Martires City Pantihan Falls Maragondon Soil properties Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cavite is composed of several soil types according to soil surveys conducted by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management BSWM Classification of soil types in a specific area is a very important consideration in identifying its most fitted land use This way utmost productivity can be achieved The lowland area of Cavite is generally composed of Guadalupe clay and clay loam It is characterized as coarse and granular when dry but sticky and plastic when wet Its substratum is solid volcanic tuff These types of soils are suited to lowland rice and corn while those in the upland are suited for orchard and pasture Guadalupe clay adobes are abundant in the southern part of Bacoor and Imus bordering Dasmarinas The soil is hard and compact and difficult to cultivate that makes it generally unsuitable for diverse cropping It is very sticky when wet and granular when dry Forage grass is advised for this type of soil Hydrosol and Obando sand are found along Bacoor Bay The shoreline of Rosario Tanza Naic and Ternate are lined with Guadalupe sand The central area principally consists of Magallanes loam with streaks of Magallanes clay loam of sandy texture This is recommended for diversified farming such as the cultivation of upland rice corn sugarcane vegetables coconut coffee mangoes and other fruit trees The steep phase should be forested or planted to rootcrops The eastern side of Cavite consists of Carmona clay loam with streaks of Carmona clay loam steep phase and Carmona sandy clay loam This type of soil is granular with tuffaceaous material and concretions It is hard and compact when dry sticky and plastic when wet This type of soil is planted to rice with irrigation or sugarcane without irrigation Fruit trees such as mango avocado and citrus are also grown in this type of soil Guingua fine sandy loam is found along the lower part of Malabon and Alang ilang River at Noveleta The type of soils that dominate the upland areas are Tagaytay loam and Tagaytay sandy loam with mountain soil undifferentiated found on the south eastern side bordering Laguna province Also on the southern tip are Magallanes clay and Mountain soil undifferentiated with interlacing of Magallanes clay loam steep phase The Tagaytay loam contains fine sandy materials moderately friable and easy to work on when moist In an undisturbed condition it bakes and becomes hard when dry About one half of this soil type is devoted to upland rice and upland crops On the other hand Tagaytay sandy loam is friable and granular with considerable amount of volcanic sand and underlain by adobe clay Mountain soil undifferentiated is forested with bamboos found in the sea coast Cavite also has the Patungan sand characterized by pale gray to almost white sand with substratum of marine conglomerates which are found at Santa Mercedes in Maragondon and in some coastlines of Ternate 38 Mineral resources and reserves Edit The greater parts of Cavite are composed of volcanic materials tuff cinders basalt breccias agglomerate and interbeddings of shales and sandstones The dormant and active volcanoes Taal are within these volcanic areas and have been the sources of volcanic materials which form the Tagaytay Cuesta The drainage systems are deeply entrenched in the tuffs eroding thin interbedded sandstones and conglomerate rocks which are the sources of little reserves of sand and gravel in the larger stream Adobe stone quarries also flourish in the tuff areas Cavite coastal areas have marl and conglomerate sedimentary rocks and some igneous rocks which are prominent in the high mountainous regions of western part of the province Black sands are found in Kawit while Noveleta has its own salt products Magallanes has gravel deposits while reserves of sand and gravel materials are found in Alfonso Carmona Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Naic Ternate Maragondon and Silang 38 Administrative divisions Edit Cavite comprises 16 municipalities and 7 cities Political divisions Provincial capital and component city Component city Municipality City or municipality District 49 Population p a Area 49 Density Barangay Coordinates A 2020 7 2015 50 km2 sq mi km2 sq miAlfonso 8th 1 4 59 306 51 839 2 60 66 58 25 71 891 2 307 32 14 08 18 N 120 51 22 E 14 1383 N 120 8561 E 14 1383 120 8561 Alfonso Amadeo 7th 1 0 41 901 37 649 2 06 36 92 14 25 1 135 2 939 26 14 10 10 N 120 55 19 E 14 1695 N 120 9219 E 14 1695 120 9219 Amadeo Bacoor 2nd 15 3 664 625 600 609 1 95 46 17 17 83 14 395 37 283 73 14 27 34 N 120 56 24 E 14 4594 N 120 9401 E 14 4594 120 9401 Bacoor Carmona 5th 2 4 106 256 97 557 1 64 30 92 11 94 3 436 8 900 14 14 18 57 N 121 03 22 E 14 3158 N 121 0561 E 14 3158 121 0561 Carmona Cavite City 1st 2 3 100 674 102 806 0 40 10 89 4 20 9 245 23 943 84 14 28 55 N 120 54 32 E 14 4820 N 120 9089 E 14 4820 120 9089 Cavite City Dasmarinas 4th 16 2 703 141 659 019 1 24 90 13 34 80 7 801 20 206 75 14 19 37 N 120 56 13 E 14 3270 N 120 9370 E 14 3270 120 9370 Dasmarinas General Emilio Aguinaldo 8th 0 6 23 973 22 220 1 46 51 03 19 70 2 550 6 605 14 14 11 04 N 120 47 49 E 14 1845 N 120 7970 E 14 1845 120 7970 General Emilio Aguinaldo General Mariano Alvarez 5th 4 0 172 433 155 143 2 03 11 40 4 40 15 126 39 175 27 14 17 54 N 121 00 25 E 14 2983 N 121 0069 E 14 2983 121 0069 General Mariano Alvarez General Trias 6th 10 4 450 583 314 303 7 10 81 46 31 45 5 531 14 326 33 14 23 10 N 120 52 50 E 14 3862 N 120 8805 E 14 3862 120 8805 General Trias Imus 3rd 11 4 496 794 403 785 4 03 64 7 25 0 2 894 7 496 97 14 25 08 N 120 55 52 E 14 4189 N 120 9312 E 14 4189 120 9312 Imus Indang 7th 1 6 68 699 65 599 0 88 74 90 28 92 917 2 376 36 14 11 43 N 120 52 38 E 14 1954 N 120 8773 E 14 1954 120 8773 Indang Kawit 1st 2 5 107 535 83 466 4 94 22 86 8 83 4 704 12 183 23 14 26 39 N 120 54 13 E 14 4441 N 120 9035 E 14 4441 120 9035 Kawit Magallanes 8th 0 5 23 851 22 727 0 92 73 07 28 21 326 845 16 14 11 15 N 120 45 25 E 14 1876 N 120 7569 E 14 1876 120 7569 Magallanes Maragondon 8th 0 9 40 687 37 720 1 45 164 61 63 56 247 640 27 14 16 25 N 120 44 10 E 14 2737 N 120 7362 E 14 2737 120 7362 Maragondon Mendez 8th 0 8 34 879 31 529 1 94 43 27 16 71 806 2 088 24 14 07 48 N 120 54 18 E 14 1300 N 120 9051 E 14 1300 120 9051 Mendez Naic 8th 3 7 160 987 111 454 7 25 76 24 29 44 2 112 5 469 30 14 19 17 N 120 46 18 E 14 3214 N 120 7717 E 14 3214 120 7717 Naic Noveleta 1st 1 1 49 452 45 846 1 45 16 43 6 34 3 010 7 796 16 14 26 00 N 120 53 00 E 14 4333 N 120 8833 E 14 4333 120 8833 Noveleta Rosario 1st 2 6 110 807 110 706 0 02 38 16 14 73 2 904 7 521 20 14 24 54 N 120 51 12 E 14 4151 N 120 8533 E 14 4151 120 8533 Rosario Silang 5th 6 8 295 644 248 085 3 40 209 43 80 86 1 412 3 656 64 14 13 25 N 120 58 27 E 14 2236 N 120 9741 E 14 2236 120 9741 Silang Tagaytay 8th 2 0 85 330 71 181 3 51 65 00 25 10 1 313 3 400 34 14 06 54 N 120 57 49 E 14 1149 N 120 9635 E 14 1149 120 9635 Tagaytay Tanza 7th 7 2 312 116 226 188 6 32 95 59 36 91 3 265 8 457 41 14 23 33 N 120 51 13 E 14 3924 N 120 8535 E 14 3924 120 8535 Tanza Ternate 8th 0 6 24 653 23 157 1 20 59 93 23 14 411 1 065 10 14 17 09 N 120 42 59 E 14 2859 N 120 7164 E 14 2859 120 7164 Ternate Trece Martires 7th 4 8 210 503 155 713 5 91 39 10 15 10 5 384 13 944 13 14 16 46 N 120 52 02 E 14 2794 N 120 8672 E 14 2794 120 8672 Trece Martires Total 4 344 829 3 678 301 3 22 1 574 17 607 79 2 760 7 149 829 see GeoGroup box Coordinates mark the city town center and are sortable by latitude Climate Edit Cavite belongs to Type 1 climate based on the Climate Map of the Philippines by the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAGASA Being a Type 1 Cavite has two pronounced seasons the dry season which usually begins in November and ends in April and the rainy season which starts in May and ends in October 38 The Koppen Climate Classification sub type for this climate is Am Tropical Monsoon Climate 51 Climate data for CaviteMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 29 84 29 84 31 87 32 89 33 91 31 87 30 86 30 86 30 86 30 86 30 86 29 84 30 86 Average low C F 23 73 23 73 24 75 25 77 26 78 25 77 25 77 25 77 25 77 25 77 24 75 24 75 24 75 Average precipitation mm inches 13 0 5 5 1 0 2 10 0 4 18 0 7 120 4 8 250 9 9 290 11 6 420 16 4 340 13 3 150 6 1 110 4 4 53 2 1 1 780 70 1 Source Weatherbase 52 Demographics EditPopulation census of CaviteYearPop p a 1903134 779 1918157 355 1 04 1939238 581 2 00 1948262 550 1 07 1960378 138 3 09 1970520 180 3 24 1975628 321 3 86 1980771 320 4 18 19901 152 534 4 10 19951 610 324 6 47 20002 063 161 5 46 20072 856 765 4 59 20103 090 691 2 91 20153 678 301 3 37 20204 344 829 3 33 Source Philippine Statistics Authority 50 53 54 Cavite had a total population of 4 344 829 in the 2020 census 7 making it the most populous if independent cities are excluded from Cebu and the second most densely populated province in the country The tremendous increase can be observed in the year 1990 when industrialization was introduced in the province Investors established their businesses in different industrial estates that magnetized people to migrate to Cavite due to job opportunities the province offers Another factor attributed to the increase of population is the mushrooming of housing subdivisions Since Cavite is proximate to Metro Manila people working in the metropolitan area choose to live in the province together with their families Natural increase also contributes to the increase in population The population density of the province based on the 2020 census was 2 800 inhabitants per square kilometre or 7 300 inhabitants per square mile 7 55 Among the cities and municipalities in Cavite the city of Dasmarinas has the biggest population with 659 019 people while the municipality of Gen Emilio Aguinaldo has registered the smallest population with 22 220 people Cavite is classified as predominantly urban having 90 69 percent of the population concentrated in the urban areas while 9 21 percent of the population reside in the rural areas Religion Edit Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga Patroness of the Province of Cavite Christianity Edit In line with national statistics Christianity is the predominant faith in the province composed of Catholics Protestants and other Independent Christian groups The majority 70 of the population are Roman Catholic Adherents of the Philippine Independent Church also known as the Aglipayan Church are particularly found in the towns where historically the Philippine Revolution and anti clericalist sentiments are strong The Eastern Orthodox Church presence in Cavite province was a part of the Philippine Orthodox Church here in the Philippines under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Moscow and its own Orthodox Diocese province in Southeast Asia the Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam Many Orthodox community lives throughout the province especially in the city of Tagaytay 56 57 The strong presence of other Christian denominations and sects such as the mainline Protestant Evangelical Churches Christian Fellowships and other Christian sects are also evident throughout the province Chapels of the Iglesia ni Cristo also known as INC The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints citation needed and the Seventh day Adventist Church including its key institutions such as the Adventist University of the Philippines and Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies are in Cavite 58 Meanwhile the Members Church of God International has established coordinating centers throughout the province and a local convention center situated in Biga Silang Cavite Islam Edit With the influx of Filipino Muslim migrants from the Mindanao local Caviteno Balik Islam or reverts and some non Filipino expats their OFW spouses and children returning from Muslim countries Sunni Islam of either the Shafii or Hanbali schools of thought has become evident in various areas of the province and accounts for the majority of the non Christian population Mosques prayer halls and prayer rooms catering to the community exist in places where local Muslim Cavitenos live and work especially in the municipalities of Bacoor Imus Rosario and Dasmarinas Interreligious dialogue and communal relations between the majority Christians and minority Muslims are peaceful and amicable with some families consisting of both Christian and Muslim members Other faiths Edit Non Abrahamic faiths include native Tagalog anitism animism Sikhism and Hinduism Among the local Chinese and Chinese Filipino communities Taoism Buddhism and Confucianism are followed Languages Edit The main languages spoken are Tagalog Chavacano and English Due to the province of Metro Manila bordering Cavite to the south a large number of people from farther provinces have migrated to Cavite resulting in minor but significant usage of the Bicolano Cebuano Ilocano Hiligaynon and Waray languages Chavacano in Cavite Edit Chavacano or Chabacano is a Spanish based creole language and known in linguistics as Philippine Creole Spanish Chabacano is originally spoken by the majority of the Cavitenos that lived in Cavite City and Ternate after the arrival of the Spaniards three centuries ago The various groups in the area of different linguistic backgrounds adopted a pidgin language with mostly Spanish vocabulary in order to communicate with each other As children grew up in Cavite with that pidgin as their native language it evolved into a creole language 59 Now used almost exclusively in Cavite City and coastal Ternate Chabacano enjoyed its widest diffusion and greatest splendor in Spanish and American period of Filipino history when newspapers and literary outputs flourished Cavite Chabacano was spoken with relative ease because it was essentially a simplification of Castillan morphology patterned after the Tagalog syntax Gradually and naturally it acquired the sounds present in the Spanish phonological system After World War II creole Spanish speakers within the capital of the archipelago vanished Around 30 000 Cavitenos still speak Chabacano mostly elderly speakers The language is today taught in elementary schools in both Cavite City and Ternate as part of the K 12 national curriculum from the first to 3rd grades building up a new generation of speakers and writers within the province Culture EditAside from the celebrations of town fiestas the province of Cavite celebrates festivals as forms of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest Some of these festivals are also observed in honor of the historical legacies passed from one generation to another generation In fact the province fetes the renowned Kalayaan Festival which is given a great social importance in commemoration of the heroism of its people The annual Fiesta de la Reina del Provincia de Cavite is a grandiose fiesta celebration in honor of the patroness of the province the Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga The image is enshrined at San Roque Church in Cavite City Her feastday is celebrated every 2nd and 3rd Sunday of November Traditions and fiesta celebrations include Mardicas a war dance held in Ternate town Karakol street dancing with a fluvial procession is usually held in coastal towns There is also a pre colonial ritual called the Sanghiyang as a form of thanksgiving and to heal the sick where Another cultural tradition is the Live via Crucis or Kalbaryo ni Hesus held during Holy Week The Maytinis or word prayer that is annually held in Kawit every December 24 before the beginning of the midnight Mass Festivals Edit Event Location DescriptionFiesta de la Reina de Caracol Rosario Held every 3rd weekend of May and 1st weekend of October It celebrates the feast of the town patroness Nuestra Senora Virgen del Santissimo Rosario Reina de Caracol starting with the traditional Caracol or Karakol which traditionally has two parts the Caracol del Mar or fluvial procession and the Caracol dela Tierra or karakol sa lupa Caracol started in the town of Rosario and after how many years it spread to the whole province Fiesta de la Reina de Cavite Cavite City Celebrated every 2nd and 3rd Sunday of November in honor of Cavite city s patroness Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga It is also known as Cavite City fiesta Valenciana Festival General Trias A month long celebration held in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church is decorated with flowers Every month of May This festival also showcases the Filipino paella like dish called Valenciana which is a local delicacy in General Trias Irok Festival Indang Done during the celebration of Indang Day Float parade street dancing sports activities lantern contest made out of irok leaves and a grand parade are held in the town plaza Celebrated every November 30 to December 2 Kabutenyo Festival General Mariano Alvarez Celebration and thanksgiving for bountiful mushrooms Activities includes street dancing trade fair and culinary contest with mushroom as main ingredients Every March 13 Kakanindayog Festival Imus The festival is celebrated to promote the native kakanin amp other delicacies which the city is well known for such as Puto Lansong Celebrates every month of October in honor of the city s patroness Nuestra Senora del Pilar and the founding anniversary of the city through street dancing and the traditional Karakol procession Kalayaan Festival Provincewide It is a 2 week long province wide event held annually from May 28 to June 12 As its name suggests the series of events for the festival are held to celebrate the independence day season Kawayan Festival Maragondon Held every 7th day of September wherein a group of street dancers parade in indigenous materials An exhibit of bamboo products likewise done in the town plaza Marching Band Festival Bacoor To promote the musical heritage of the city amp boost tourism through its number of marching bands around the country Celebrated every 2nd weekend of May in honor of St Michael the Archangel amp Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Mardicas Ternate Fluvial parades carrying the image of Santo Nino are held and continue in the streets of the municipality and ends in the churchyard Karakol and street dancing in colorful costumes with brass band music Every 3rd weekend of January Maytinis Kawit Re enactment of Christ s birth on midnight of December 24 through a procession of colorful floats amp costumes Pahimis Festival Amadeo Also Called the Coffee Festival as way of thanksgiving for abundant harvest of coffee in the municipality Trade fair street dancing beauty pageant coffee convention are the usual activities done during the occasion Free flowing drinking of coffee is offered to everybody Celebrates every 2nd week of FebruaryPaskuhan sa Imus Imus A month long festival of Christmas holiday The city is decorated with thousands of lights a dazzling array of lanterns of all shapes and a food fair featuring the best of Cavite products Pista ng mga Puso Tagaytay Festival held annually on Valentine s Day in honor of the city s patroness Our Lady of Lourdes There are Karakol dancers parading and marching all over the city Regada Festival Cavite City Also called the Water Festival the festival consists of games street dancing photo exhibit trade fair concert and water splashing The festival is done three days from June 22 24 done in celebration of St John the Baptist Sapyaw Festival Tanza Street dancing are done all over the streets of the municipality with their attractive and very colorful costumes Various barangays join the dancing in honor of St Augustine Every 20th day of August Silang Prutas Festival Silang Celebration and thanksgiving for bountiful fruits harvested in the said municipality Activities includes street dancing trade fair and culinary contest with fruits as the main source of income Celebrates every February 2 in honor of the town s patroness Our Lady of Candelaria Sorteo ng Bukid Carmona Local festival held every three years of February to relive the old practice of distributing agricultural lots to deserving farmers through raffle draws Sumilang Festival Silang Recognized as an agriculture event The occasion is participated in by dancers who come from the agricultural sector Every February 1 to 3 in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Candelaria Tahong Festival Bacoor Different cuisines with tahong as main ingredient are on exhibit at the town plaza Culinary contest are held annually Various activities are done such as beauty contest Tahong symposium and seminars are held for culture of Tahong Every September 29 Tinapa Festival Rosario The festival is celebrated to promote and perpetuate the image of Rosario as the place where smoked fish called Tinapang Salinas originates Celebrates every month of October in honor of the town s patroness Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario Reina de Caracol Wagayway Festival Imus Every 28th day of May household display of Philippine flag is encouraged during the festival and simultaneous waving of flags in the streets of Cavite Different activities such as exhibits trade fair product displays are held It also commemorates the Battle of Alapan and as a kick off celebration of the provincewide Kalayaan Festival Paru paro Festival Dasmarinas Every 26th day of November it commemorates the city of Dasmarinas Special events Edit Foundation DayCavite Province celebrates its foundation every March 10 Birthday of Gen Emilio AguinaldoThis is celebrated every March 22 in commemoration of the birth of the First President of the Republic Independence DayThis is celebrated every June 12 in Kawit as a re enactment of the historic proclamation of Philippine independence at the mansion of Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Economy EditPoverty Incidence of Cavite Source Philippine Statistics Authority 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Agriculture Edit The province is predominantly an agriculture province The province s economy is largely dependent on agriculture Despite urbanization and industrialization still a significant number of inhabitants are engaged into agribusinesses The data gathered from Office of the Provincial Agriculturist shows that though the province lies in the industrial belt the agricultural land is about 49 38 percent or 70 466 53 hectares 174 126 6 acres of the total land area of the Province This is 1 176 5 hectares 2 907 acres bigger than that of the declared agricultural lands in 2008 69 290 03 hectares citation needed The municipality of Maragondon has the biggest area intended for agriculture accounts for 14 57 of the total provincial agricultural lands while Cavite City has no longer available land for agriculture related activities and industries If based on total agricultural lands we may say that the major players in agriculture in the province are Maragondon Silang Indang Naic and Alfonso Of the eight districts in the province the top three with the widest agricultural area are District VII comprising 43 587 01 hectares or 61 85 percent of the total agricultural areas with 27 115 farmers followed by District VI with 17 40 percent or 12 257 71 hectares 30 289 5 acres having 8 701 farmers and District V comprising 10 248 55 hectares 25 324 7 acres with 10 295 farmers The municipality of Silang has the most farmers The municipality of Maragondon only ranks 3rd in terms of number of farmers This can be attributed to highly mechanized operations and vast plantations of rice The same is true with General Trias and Naic known as the rice producing municipalities in Cavite The number of farmers increased by 6 5 that corresponds to around 3 097 farmers The increase in the number of farmers was due to worldwide recession which led to work displacement of some inhabitants Silang is dominated by pineapple and coffee plantations as well as with cutflower production 67 Industry and commerce Edit Cavite has twelve economic zones The largest economic zone under development is located in Gen Trias the PEC Industrial Park with 177 hectares intended for garments textiles semiconductors food processing and pharmaceuticals 67 Township Developments Completed and Ongoing Projects Edit Vista City Villar Land Vista Land 2 500 hectares Bacoor and Dasmarinas shared with Las Pinas and Muntinlupa Lancaster New City PRO Friends Inc 2 100 hectares Imus Kawit General Trias and Tanza Aera Ayala Land 900 hectares Carmona and Silang Vermosa Ayala Land 770 hectares Imus and Dasmarinas Eagle Ridge Golf amp Residential Estates Sta Lucia 700 hectares General Trias Riverpark Federal Land and SM Development Corp 700 hectares General Trias Southwoods City Megaworld 561 hectares Carmona shared with Binan Laguna Suntrust Ecotown Megaworld 350 hectares Tanza Arden Botanical Estate Megaworld 251 hectares Trece Martires and Tanza Evo City Ayala Land 250 hectares Kawit South Forbes City Cathay Land 250 hectares Silang Golden Horizon HG III Construction and Development Corp 250 hectares Trece Martires SM Smart City SM Development Corp 200 hectares Carmona NOMO Garden City Vista Land 180 hectares Bacoor Antel Grand Antel Holdings 170 hectares General Trias Maple Grove Megaworld 140 hectares General Trias Stanza Vista Land 110 hectares Tanza Crosswinds Vista Land 100 hectares Tagaytay Mallorca City Cathay Land 100 hectares Silang and Carmona POGO City PAGCOR 70 hectares Kawit Idesia City Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc and P A Properties 37 hectares Dasmarinas Crest Key Estates Cathay Land 19 hectares Silang Praverde Dasmarinas Vista Land 12 hectares DasmarinasTourism Edit Aguinaldo Shrine the birthplace of Philippine Independence Tagaytay serves as the main tourist center in the province citation needed Historical attraction and sites are Fort San Felipe and Sangley Point both in Cavite City Corregidor Island General Trias Calero Bridge Noveleta Battle of Alapan Marker and Flag in Imus Zapote Bridge in Bacoor Battle of Binakayan Monument in Kawit Tejeros Convention Site in Rosario and Aguinaldo Shrine the site of the declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit Several old churches stand as glorious reminders of how the Catholic faith has blossomed in the Province of Cavite Existing museums include Geronimo de los Reyes Museum General Trias Museo De La Salle Dasmarinas Philippine Navy Museum Cavite City Baldomero Aguinaldo Museum Kawit and Cavite City Library Museum Cavite City There are eight world class golf courses in the province Natural wonders are mostly found in the upland areas such as Tagaytay Ridge Macabag Cave in Maragondon Balite Falls in Amadeo Malibiclibic Falls in General Aguinaldo Magallanes border Mts Palay Palay and Mataas na Gulod National Park in Ternate and Maragondon Sitio Buhay Unclassified Forest in Magallanes and flowers vegetables and coffee farms The Aguinaldo Shrine and Museum in Kawit is where the independence of the Philippines was proclaimed on June 12 1898 by General Aguinaldo the Philippines first president The multi level structure includes a mezzanine and tower and spans 14 000 square feet Today the ground floor serves as a museum which houses historical artifacts The tomb of Aguinaldo lies in a garden behind the house The Andres Bonifacio House in General Trias is the former home of the country s revolutionary leader The site of his court martial in Maragondon is also preserved Other historical sites include the Battle of Alapan and Battle of Julian Bridge Markers the House of Tirona and Fort San Felipe The main churches of the province are the Imus Cathedral San Roque Parish in Cavite City where the miraculous image of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga enshrined Bacoor Silang Naic Tanza Ternate Indang General Trias Kawit and Maragondon Catholic Churches The Shrines of Our Lady of La Salette in Silang and St Anne Tagaytay also attract pilgrims Corregidor the last bastion of Philippine American defense forces Corregidor is an island fortress where Filipino and American forces fought against the Japanese invaders in 1942 It has become a tourist attraction with tunnels cannons and other war structures still well preserved The famous line of General Douglas MacArthur said is associated with Corregidor I shall return There are first class hotels inns and lodging houses to accommodate both foreign and local tourists Conference facilities can be found in several convention centers hotels and resorts in the province Restaurants and specialty dining places offer mushroom dishes native delicacies and exotic cuisines Seafoods fruits coffee organic vegetables tinapa handicrafts ornamental plants also abound in the province The popular hiking destination at Cavite Mount Pico De Loro and its monolith Mountain climbing is also one of the outdoor activities in Cavite This includes Mount Pico De Loro which is within the towns of Ternate and Maragondon and some parts of it are already part of Batangas which is a part of the Palay Palay and Mataas na Gulod protected landscape Mt Pico De Loro is the highest part of Cavite at 664 meters above sea level and is noted for its 360 degree view at its summit and a cliff known as Parrot s Beak or Monolith that mountaineers would also like to climb 68 Mt Marami within the same mountain range located at Magallanes town is also a mountaineering location due to its silyang bato en Chair of rocks at its summit 69 There are twenty two accredited tourism establishments and three accredited tour guides There are also tour packages being arranged with the Department of Tourism Centuries old traditions and the very rich culture of Cavite have been the source of great pride to Cavitenos Transportation EditDuring the Spanish colonial period Cavite hosted the principal port of Manila and served as the country s gateway to the world 70 71 In the mid 19th century Cavite particularly the Cavite Peninsula in the north was a stop for ships from South America before free trade opened up 11 Roads Edit Cavite s total road network comprises roughly 1 973 kilometers 1 226 mi Of these the 407 7 kilometer 253 3 mi national roads are mostly paved with concrete or asphalt and are relatively in good condition with some portions in need of rehabilitation Provincial roads stretches to an approximate total length of 335 1 kilometers 208 2 mi Most of these roads are concrete some are paved with asphalt and the rest remain gravel roads Majority of the municipal city roads are paved with concrete while barangay roads consist of 46 7 concrete and asphalt roads and 53 3 earth and gravel roads There are three main highways traversing the province Aguinaldo Highway runs in a general north south direction which includes the Tagaytay Nasugbu Highway segment in the south the Governor s Drive runs in a general east west direction the Antero Soriano Highway runs within the coastal towns on the northwest The existing road length computed in terms of road density with respect to population at the standard of 2 4 kilometers 1 5 mi per 1 000 population has a deficit of 3 532 71 kilometers 2 195 12 mi In 1985 the Cavite Expressway CAVITEx was opened which lessened the heavy volume of vehicles on Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor This project decreased the traffic congestion in Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor so travel time from Imus to Baclaran Pasay is lessened to only one hour In 2013 the Kaybiang Tunnel the country s longest underground highway tunnel at 300 meters 980 ft was opened along the Ternate Nasugbu Road piercing through Mt Pico De Loro s north ridge and shortens the travel time from Manila to the western coves of Cavite and Nasugbu Batangas 72 Last July 24 2015 the Muntinlupa Cavite Expressway MCX a 4 km 2 5 mi long access controlled toll expressway linking the southern province of Cavite to Muntinlupa in the Philippines was opened to the public The road is expected to reduce travel time by an average of 45 minutes from Daang Hari to Alabang Interchange as well as decongest traffic in Cavite Las Pinas and Muntinlupa Currently Cavite province is served by three DPWH offices Cavite 1st Cavite 2nd and Cavite Sub District Engineering Offices Proposed ongoing transportation projects Edit Sangley International Airport Edit The Department of Transportation had no objection to an offer building a 508 billion airport complex on reclaimed land in Sangley Point The upcoming international airport was pursued as a joint venture between investors including Chinese enterprises and the Cavite LGU 73 Cavite Laguna and Cavite Tagaytay Batangas Expressways Edit The Cavite Laguna Expressway CALAEx is an under construction expressway that will cross the provinces of Cavite and Laguna in the Philippines The construction of the four lane 47 kilometer 29 mi long expressway will connect CAVITEx in Kawit to SLEx Interchange When constructed it is expected to ease the traffic in the Cavite Laguna region particularly in Aguinaldo Highway Santa Rosa Tagaytay Road and Governor s Drive Cavite Tagaytay Batangas Expressway is also a proposed expressway connects with CALAEx from Silang Cavite to Nasugbu Batangas CTBEx is a future alternative route for tourists going to Tagaytay and Nasugbu LRT Line 1 South Extension Project Edit The LRT Line 1 South Extension Project or Cavite Extension Project through southern Metro Manila to the Province of Cavite has been identified as an integral link of the Rail Transit Network by Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study MMUTIS It is one of the priority projects of the Department of Transportation and Communications DOTC and LRTA It is also a flagship project of the Office of the President The project aims to expand the existing LRT Line 1 service southward to the cities of Paranaque Las Pinas and the city of Bacoor in the Cavite Province The 11 7 km 7 3 mi route of the light railway system that will start from Baclaran to Niog was planned to carry a capacity of 40 000 passengers per direction per hour The extension will have 48 air conditioned coaches 12 four car trains 8 passenger stations and a satellite depot in Cavite The groundbreaking of LRT Line 1 South Extension Project was held on Thursday May 4 2017 The actual construction officially started on Tuesday May 7 2019 because the Right of way is free and clear from obstructions Once it is fully operational Cavite will be served by the LRT 1 via Niog station The extension is slated for partial operations by late 2024 or early 2025 and full operations by second quarter of 2027 This is the second project outside Metro Manila after the planned MRT 7 that starts from North Avenue Quezon City and it will end in San Jose Del Monte Bulacan The said project will serve approximately 1 9 million commuters based in Pasay Paranaque Las Pinas and Bacoor LRT Line 6 Project Edit The proposed LRT Line 6 project would further extend the LRT system by another 19 kilometers all the way to Dasmarinas from the proposed end in Niog in Bacoor Cavite The mass transit system would pass along the Aguinaldo Highway and would have stations in Niog Tirona station Imus station Daang Hari station Salitran station Congressional Avenue station and Governor s Drive station The project will improve passenger mobility and reduce the volume of vehicular traffic in the Cavite area by providing a higher capacity mass transit system It also aims to spur economic development along the extension corridor Ferry services Edit There is one ferry service Metrostar Ferry from Cavite City to SM Mall of Asia in Pasay Government Edit GovernorJonvic Remulla Vice GovernorAthena Tolentino Governor Edit Main article Governor of Cavite Juanito Victor Remulla NUP Vice Governor Edit Athena Tolentino National Unity Party Board members Edit Main article Cavite Provincial Board District Member party Member party 1st Davey Christian R Chua Lakas CMD Romel R Enriquez NUP 2nd Ram Revilla Bautista Lakas CMD Edwin E Malvar Lakas CMD 3rd Arnel Cantimbuhan NUP Shernan Jaro NUP 4th Fulgencio C dela Cuesta Jr NUP Nickol Austria NUP 5th Macoy Amutan Nacionalista Aidel Paul Belamide Independent 6th Morit Sison NUP Kerby J Salazar NUP 7th Angelito H Langit Nacionalista Crispin Diego D Remulla Nacionalista 8th Reyniel A Ambion PDP Laban Virgilio P Varias PDP Laban Ex officio members Edit Position Member party Provincial Councilor League Francisco A Barzaga Dasmarinas NUP Liga ng mga Barangay Francisco Paolo P Crisostomo Silang SK Provincial Federation Neil Frederick B Magallanes Maragondon House of Representatives Edit Main article Legislative districts of Cavite District Representative Party1st District Ramon Jolo Revilla III Lakas CMD2nd District Bacoor Lani Mercado NUP3rd District Imus Adrian Jay C Advincula NUP4th District Dasmarinas Elpidio Barzaga Jr NUP5th District CarSiGMA Roy Loyola NPC6th District General Trias Antonio Ferrer NUP7th District Vacant8th District Aniela Bianca Tolentino NUPNotable people EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message National heroes and patriots Edit Emilio Aguinaldo First President of the Philippines Mariano Alvarez Philippine Revolutionary General Mariano Trias Philippine Revolutionary General Pascual Alvarez Philippine Revolutionary General Santiago Alvarez Philippine Revolutionary General Baldomero Aguinaldo Philippine Revolutionary General Crispulo Aguinaldo Philippine Revolutionary General Licerio Topacio Philippine Revolutionary General Tomas Mascardo Philippine Revolutionary General Mariano Noriel served as general under Emilio Aguinaldo s revolutionary army during the 1896 Philippine Revolution Jose Tagle Filipino military officer who participated in the Battle of Imus during the Philippine Revolution Julian Felipe composer of the Philippine National Anthem amp Reina de Cavite Roman Basa Second president of the Katipunan Ladislao Diwa one of the founders of Katipunan Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite Filipino patriots Felipe Calderon y Roca lawyer considered the Father of the Malolos Constitution Mariano Castaneda Cavite Governor 1944 General of the Filipino American Cavite Guerilla Forces FACGF the liberators of Cavite during the Japanese Occupation and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1947 Science and education Edit Olivia Salamanca Filipino physician who trained in the United States at the Woman s Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and was the second female physician from the Philippines Paulo C Campos National Scientist of the Philippines for Nuclear Medicine Hilario Lara National Scientist of the Philippines for Public Health 74 Jose R Velasco National Scientist of the Philippines for Plant Physiology Lourdes J Cruz National Scientist of the Philippines for Biochemistry Francisca Tirona educator humanitarian civic leader and administrator and co founder of the Philippine Women s University 75 Nemesio Prudente educator political activist and human rights defender revered for serving as President of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Literature and the arts Edit Pascual H Poblete revolutionary and writer Alejandro G Abadilla poet Father of Modern Philippine Poetry Rogelio Ordonez multi awarded Filipino fiction writer poet activist journalist and educator Efren Abueg novelist short story writer essayist fictionist Fidel Rillo poet editor book designer Mars Ravelo graphic novelist Eros Atalia author professor and journalist Wilfredo Alicdan artist George Canseco composer songwriter Josefino Cenizal composer Religion Edit Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle Archbishop Emeritus of Manila Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Imus President of Caritas Internationalis and Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples 76 Archbishop Rolando Joven Tria Tirona Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Caceres and Bishop Emeritus of Prelature of Infanta and Diocese of Malolos Bishop Cirilo Almario Second bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos Politics and government Edit Cesar Virata former prime minister of the Philippines Serafin R Cuevas 106th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and 50th Secretary of the Department of Justice Jose Portugal Perez 167th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Jose C Mendoza 168th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Antero Soriano former senator and former Cavite governor Justiniano S Montano former senator and representative 6th District of Cavite Ramon Revilla Sr actor and former Senator Panfilo Lacson senator and 7th Chief of the Philippine National Police Bong Revilla actor Senator former Cavite governor and vice governor Francis Tolentino Senator former Metropolitan Manila Development Authority chairman and mayor of Tagaytay Manuel Earnshaw former Resident Commissioner to the U S House of Representatives from the Philippine Islands Leonides Sarao Virata 15th Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry Epimaco Velasco 16th Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government former NBI director and former Cavite governor Joseph Emilio Abaya former Department of Transportation and Communications secretary and former representative 1st District of Cavite Irineo Ayong Maliksi PCSO chairman former Representative 3rd District of Cavite former Cavite Governor and former City Mayor of Imus Leon Guinto former mayor of the City of Manila during the Japanese occupation Lani Mercado actress Bacoor city mayor and former representative of the 2nd congressional district of Cavite Gilbert Remulla TV host news anchor reporter former representative the 1st congressional district of Cavite Strike Revilla Representative 2nd District of Cavite former councilor amp mayor of Bacoor and former Cavite board member amp former PCSO chairman Abraham Tolentino politician sportsperson Philanthropy Edit Efren Penaflorida CNN Hero of the Year for 2009 Luis Yangco Filipino Chinese businessman and philanthropist Entertainment Edit Leopoldo Salcedo actor Celeste Legaspi singer actress Bayani Agbayani comedian TV host Jasmine Trias sensational singer American Idol grand champion 3rd runner up Louise delos Reyes actress Bella Santiago singer Christian Bables actor Kaye Abad actress Nash Aguas Actor and Star Circle Kid Quest Grand Questor Arra San Agustin actress Christian Bautista singer actor and host Miguel Tanfelix actor Bugoy Carino Child Actor Olivia Cenizal actress Lyca Gairanod The Voice Kids Philippines season 1 Champion Seth Fedelin actor Roxanne Guinoo actress and Star Circle Teen Quest Finalist Diether Ocampo actor singer and model Sugar Mercado actress former SexBomb Girls member Marcelito Pomoy singer Pilipinas Got Talent grand winner Marian Rivera actress Sports Edit Wesley So chess grandmaster and 8th youngest chess grandmaster in history Joseph Eric Buhain chairman of the Philippines Games and Amusement Board swimmer Terrence Romeo Professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association PBA Currently playing for the GlobalPort Batang Pier and Gilas Pilipinas Former college player of the FEU Tamaraws Ranidel de Ocampo Professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association currently plays for the Talk N Text Tropang Texters Yancy de Ocampo athlete Others Edit Leonardo Manicio aka Nardong Putik Filipino gangster turned folk heroNotes Edit Although Imus is the officially designated capital and seat of government by P D 1163 the provincial government functions and remains in Trece Martires Tagalog pronunciation ˈkabite kaˈbiːte or kaˈbitɛː References Edit Tejero Constantino C August 16 2015 Cavite and what they re selling there Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved March 18 2016 Cavitenos take pride in claiming an assortment of titles for their province Historical Capital of the Philippines Home of the Brave Heartland of the Philippine Revolution Cradle of Noble Heroes a b c d e Brief History of Cavite Archived July 3 2013 at the Wayback Machine Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite Retrieved on June 25 2013 a b Census of the Philippine Islands 1920 Census of the Philippine Islands Vol I 1918 pg 132 Bureau of Printing Manila Official Provincial 2013 Election Results Intramuros Manila Philippines Commission on Elections COMELEC September 11 2013 Retrieved October 28 2013 List of Provinces PSGC Interactive Makati City Philippines National Statistical Coordination Board Archived from the original on January 11 2013 Retrieved October 28 2013 Quick Facts Archived July 7 2012 at the Wayback Machine Cavite Official Website Retrieved on June 30 2012 a b c d Census of Population 2020 Table B Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province City and Municipality By Region PSA Retrieved July 8 2021 History of Cavite the mother ground of the Philippine Revolution independence flag and national anthem by Alfredo B Saulo Esteban A De Ocampo Cavite Historical Society p 22 Vignettes of Philippine History by Teodoro Agoncillo p 41 ISBN 978 9718851074 a b Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite Cavite City Archived March 1 2009 at the Wayback Machine a b Roberts Edmund 1837 Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin China Siam and Muscat New York Harper amp Brothers p 59 a b c d Fish Shirley 2011 The Manila Acapulco Galleons The Treasure Ships of the Pacific AuthorHouse p 65 69 128 132 274 ISBN 9781456775421 Galaup Travel Accounts page 375 Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World By Eva Maria Mehl page 235 Page 10 Perez Marilola 2015 Cavite Chabacano Philippine Creole Spanish Description and Typology PDF PhD University of California Berkeley Archived from the original on January 14 2021 The galleon activities also attracted a great number of Mexican men that arrived from the Mexican Pacific coast as ships crewmembers Grant 2009 230 Mexicans were administrators priests and soldiers guachinangos or hombres de pueblo Bernal 1964 188 many though integrated into the peasant society even becoming tulisanes bandits who in the late 18th century infested Cavite and led peasant revolts Medina 2002 66 Meanwhile in the Spanish garrisons Spanish was used among administrators and priests Nonetheless there is not enough historical information on the social role of these men In fact some of the few references point to a quick integration into the local society los hombres del pueblo los soldados y marinos anonimos olvidados absorbidos en su totalidad por la poblacion Filipina Bernal 1964 188 In addition to the Manila Acapulco galleon a complex commercial maritime system circulated European and Asian commodities including slaves During the 17th century Portuguese vessels traded with the ports of Manila and Cavite even after the prohibition of 1644 Seijas 2008 21 Crucially the commercial activities included the smuggling and trade of slaves from the Moluccas and Malacca and India with the monsoon winds carrying clove spice cinnamon and pepper and black slaves and Kafir slaves Antonio de Morga cf Seijas 2008 21 Though there is no data on the numbers of slaves in Cavite the numbers in Manila suggest a significant fraction of the population had been brought in as slaves by the Portuguese vessels By 1621 slaves in Manila numbered 1 970 out of a population of 6 110 This influx of slaves continued until late in the 17th century according to contemporary cargo records in 1690 200 slaves departed from Malacca to Manila Seijas 2008 21 Different ethnicities were favored for different labor Africans were brought to work on the agricultural production and skilled slaves from India served as caulkers and carpenters The Philippines Glimpsed in the First Latin American Novel By James S Cummins 2001 Merriam Webster Geographical Dictionary 3rd Edition pg 119 Google Books Village Green Winnetka Park District Winnetka Park District Retrieved August 3 2017 a b c d e McAndrew J 1990 The Incorporation of the Province of Cavite into the World Economy Aghamtao Journal of the Ugnayang Pang Aghamtao Inc UGAT 7 a b Balbosa Joven Zamoras 1992 IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth The Case of the Philippines PDF Journal of Philippine Development XIX 35 Balisacan A M Hill Hal 2003 The Philippine Economy Development Policies and Challenges Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195158984 Cororaton Cesar B Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97 05 3 19 Kessler Richard J 1989 Rebellion and repression in the Philippines New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 0300044062 OCLC 19266663 Celoza Albert F 1997 Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines The Political Economy of Authoritarianism Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 9780275941376 Schirmer Daniel B 1987 The Philippines reader a history of colonialism neocolonialism dictatorship and resistance 1st ed Boston South End Press ISBN 0896082768 OCLC 14214735 Paul J Smith March 26 2015 Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability Taylor amp Francis pp 5 ISBN 978 1 317 45886 9 Yegar Moshe 2002 Between Integration and Secession The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines Southern Thailand and Western Burma Myanmar Lexington Books pp 267 268 a b c Magno Alexander R ed 1998 Democracy at the Crossroads Kasaysayan The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9 A Nation Reborn Hong Kong Asia Publishing Company Limited https www bbc com news world asia 63056898 https bantayog foundation gillego bonifacio https bantayog foundation dizon jose pacturayan fr joe a b Rodriguez Ma Cristina V Malay Carolina S 2015 Ang Mamatay Nang Dahil Sa Yo Heroes and Martyrs of the Filipino People in the Struggle Against Dictatorship 1972 1986 Vol 1 National Historical Commission of the Philippines published January 1 2016 ISBN 978 971 538 270 0 http genmarianoalvarez gov ph historical background Cruz Sarah 2011 06 03 Palace in the Sky in Tagaytay Archived 2014 01 03 at the Wayback Machine Tagaytay Hotels Retrieved on 2013 10 22 Dividing Region IV into Region IV A and IV B Transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for Other Purposes Executive Order No 103 of May 17 2002 Archived from the original on April 9 2017 Retrieved April 8 2017 Philippines EIA Emb gov ph Archived from the original on May 12 2013 Retrieved October 29 2012 Local Government Report 2015 Province of Cavite PDF The Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite Archived from the original PDF on October 3 2016 Retrieved September 29 2016 a b c d e f Physical and Natural Resources Archived September 11 2011 at the Wayback Machine Province of Cavite Official Website Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011 2016 PDF Humanitarian and Emergency Affairs Retrieved September 29 2016 Mount Sungay elevation Google maps Retrieved on February 4 2012 Census of the Philippine Islands 1920 Census of the Philippine Islands Vol I 1918 pg 131 Bureau of Printing Manila Ternate Website Ternate Cavite Website Retrieved on October 28 2011 History Archived September 4 2012 at archive today Island Cove Hotel and Leisure Park Retrieved on October 28 2011 U S Army 1916 United States military reservations National cemeteries and military parks p 344 Government Printing Office Washington Mines and Geosciences Bureau 1987 Geologic Map of Mendez Nunez Quadrangle map 1st Edition 1 50 000 Sheet 3162 II Teves J S 1954 Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy Manila Metro Manila Philippine Bureau of Mines Pena R E 2008 Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy Mandaluyong City Metro Manila Geological Society of the Philippines General Information Archived January 31 2012 at the Wayback Machine Cavite Official Website a b Province Cavite PSGC Interactive Quezon City Philippines Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved January 8 2016 a b Census of Population 2015 Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population PSA Retrieved June 20 2016 Cavite Philippines Koppen Climate Classification Weatherbase Weatherbase Weatherbase com Weatherbase 2013 Retrieved on August 3 2013 Census of Population and Housing 2010 Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities PDF NSO Retrieved June 29 2016 Census of Population and Housing 2010 Region IV A Calabarzon Total Population by Province City Municipality and Barangay NSO Retrieved June 29 2016 Cavite population balloons to 3 3 million Manila Bulletin Father Silouan August 10 2019 Hierarchal Liturgy at Tagaytay Philippine Mission of the Russian Orthodox Church RUSSIAN CHURCH ESTABLISHES FOUR DIOCESES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Orthodox Christianity February 27 2019 Cavite Satellite Field Office Seventh Day Adventists clc adventist ph Retrieved March 17 2018 Morrow Paul November 1 2007 Chabacano Pilipino Express Retrieved on June 25 2013 Poverty incidence PI Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved December 28 2020 https psa gov ph sites default files NSCB LocalPovertyPhilippines 0 pdf publication date 29 November 2005 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files 2009 20Poverty 20Statistics pdf publication date 8 February 2011 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 20 20 202006 2C 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 xlsx publication date 27 August 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202 20 20Updated 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 20with 20Measures 20of 20Precision 2C 20by 20Region 20and 20Province 2015 20and 202018 xlsx publication date 4 June 2020 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority a b Agriculture Archived April 15 2012 at the Wayback Machine Cavite Official Website Mt Pico de Loro Maragondon Municipal Government Archived from the original on October 26 2014 Retrieved May 24 2015 Mt Marami Maragondon Municipal Government Archived from the original on August 21 2014 Retrieved May 24 2015 The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia J and E Parker 1832 Jose Regalado Trota 1987 The Eight Churches of Cavite Puerto 1586 1800 Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 15 4 311 351 ISSN 0115 0243 JSTOR 29791934 The nearness of Pico de Loro Philippine Daily Inquirer January 23 2015 Retrieved May 24 2015 New tack for Sangley airport project Inquirer Business June 14 2019 Retrieved October 7 2019 Angelo Mikael January 15 2015 Dr Hilario D G Lara The Pioneer Of Modern Public Health In The Philippines Flipscience ph Retrieved January 15 2022 FRANCISCA TIRONA BENITEZ PDF National Historical Institute of the Philippines Archived from the original PDF on May 27 2014 Retrieved July 19 2016 2013 01 31 TAGLE Card Luis Antonio Gokim Holy See Press Office External links EditMap all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cavite Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cavite Geographic data related to Cavite at OpenStreetMap Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Cavite Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 5 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 582 Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cavite amp oldid 1131723753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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